presentation on indian climate

• Indian Climate and Vegetation

From the Himalayas to the Thar desert to the forests of West Bengal the climate and vegetation of India vary a great deal. In fact, the highest recorded temperature in India is 50.6 degrees while the lowest is -45 degrees! Let us study the climate wildlife and the vegetation of India.

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Climate of india.

When we discuss the climate of India, we also focus on the seasons in India which are,

Winter season is the season of cold. It extends from December to February. During the winter season, you wear warm clothes because the sunrays do not fall directly in the region hence the temperature drops down. As a result, there is cold, especially in northern India.

Summer season is the season of heat . The summer season extends from March to May. During the summer season, the surface of the Earth become dehydrated because the sun rays directly fall in the region hence increasing the heat. Temperature becomes very high. Hot and dry winds called loo, blow during the day.

Monsoon is the season of rains. It extends from June to September. It is marked by the onset and advance of monsoon. The winds blow from Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal towards the land and carry moisture with them. When these winds strike the mountain barriers, rainfall occurs.

Autumn is the season of retreating monsoon. It extends from October to November. Winds move back from the mainland to the Bay of Bengal. The southern parts of India, particularly Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh receive rainfall in this season.

The climate of India is rainfall dominant as there are almost 4-5 months of rainy season . It is described as Monsoon Type. India is blessed with its location in the tropical region, therefore most of the rain is brought by the monsoon winds. The concept of ‘climate’ would be clear if we understood the factors affecting the climate of India:

• Location: If the location of the region is near the 0° equator then the climate would be really hot and humid. However, if the location is towards to the poles, then the climate would be very cold.
• ‎Altitude: Altitude is measured from the sea level. The mountainous areas are much cooler compared to the plains.
• ‎Distance from sea: Sea impacts the climate enormously. The regions near the sea are generally hot and humid because of the sea breeze and the land breeze.

Vegetation of India

The plants which grow on their own without help or interference from human beings are known as Natural Vegetation. Needless to say, water is life and hence many types of different vegetation of Inida is dependant upon the climate of India especially Monsoons. Vegetation of India is divided into five major types:

1. Tropical Evergreen Rainforests

As their name suggests, rainforests are usually near the equatorial belt. These forests are so dense that even the sunlight doesn’t reach the ground. The species of trees here shed their leaves during different times of the year. Therefore they will always appear green.

Important trees: Mahogany, Ebony and Rosewood. Places where they occur: Andaman & Nicobar islands, parts of north-eastern states and a narrow strip of the western slope of the western ghats.

2. ‎Tropical Deciduous Forests

Source: thoughtco

Deciduous forests are also known as monsoon forests in India. They are comparatively less dense than evergreen forests. All the trees in this forests shed their leaves during the same time of the year (i.e Autumn).

Important trees: sal, teak, peepal, neem and shisham. Places where they occur: MP, UP, Bihar, Jharkhand, Chattisgarh, Odisha and in parts of Maharashtra.

3. Thorny Bushes

As the name suggests, thorny bushes are found in the dry regions of India. Thorny bushes have left in the form of spines to save water.

Important trees: Cactus, Khair, Babool, Keekar. Places where they occur: Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, Eastern slopes of Western Ghats and Gujarat.

4. Mountain Vegetation

A wide range of species is found in the mountains varying to their height . At a height between 1500 metres and 2500 metres, most of the trees are conical in shape. These trees are called coniferous trees.

Important trees: Chir, Pine, Deodar

5. Mangrove forests:

Mangroves are found in saline water they can survive in saltwater.

Important trees: Sundari. Places where they occur: They are found mainly in Sunderbans in West Bengal and in the Andaman & Nicobar Islands.

Wildlife in India

India is home to various wildlife species, they are an inhabitant in specific regions of India. Let us uncover these regions and understand the Indian wildlife:

• National Animal of India: Tiger.
• National Bird of India: Peacock.
• Gir forests are home to Asiatic lions.
• Elephants and one-horned rhino are found in Assam.
• Camels and Wild ass are found in the deserts of India like Rann of Kutch.
• Wild goats and Snow leopards are found in the Himalayas.

In order to conserve the wildlife and protect it, various sanctuaries and national parks have been established. Wildlife week is celebrated in the first week of October, to create awareness of conserving the habitats of animals.

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Question: What are the important trees of Evergreen forest?

Answer:   Mahogany, Ebony and Rosewood.

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• Climate of India

What is the Climate of India?

India shows a wide variation in the climatic conditions ranging from snowfall in the Himalayan arch to burning heat in the south. The Himalayas and the Thar Desert have a great influence on the overall climatic conditions of the country. The Indian subcontinent is warmer than the other areas of the same altitude because the Himalayan Mountains block the central Asian katabatic winds. On the other hand, the Thar Desert attracts the southwest summer monsoon winds that are moist and provide the required rainfall in the months from June to October. There are four principal weather and climate of India, winter, summer, monsoon, and post-monsoon.

What are the Factors Affecting the Climate of India?

The Indian subcontinent stretches from 8°N to 37°N and is located to the north of the equator. Tropic of Cancer passes over the center of the country hence the southern areas are closer to the equator and experience higher temperatures. While the northern parts of the country experience lower temperatures comparatively. The temperatures are quite low during the winters. The presence of the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, cause the right and left coasts of the country to be humid and mild. The Indian subcontinent is located north of the equator and stretches from 8°N to 37°N. Because the Tropic of Cancer passes through the center of the country, the southern areas are closer to the equator and have higher temperatures. The northern parts of the country, on the other hand, have lower temperatures. During the winter, temperatures are quite low. Because of the presence of the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, the country's right and left coasts are humid and mild.

Span from the Sea

The closer the regions are to the sea, the more humid is the climate. They experience moderate summers and mild winters. However, areas situated far away from the coastline, don't have any influence on the huge water body and hence experience extreme climatic conditions. Delhi for example has an annual temperature of 20° C whereas Kochi has about an average temperature of about  30°C. The climate becomes more humid as one gets closer to the sea. Summers are pleasant, and winters are mild. However, areas located far from the coastline do not influence the vast body of water and thus experience extreme climatic conditions. For example, Delhi has an annual temperature of 20° C, whereas Kochi has an average temperature of around 30° C.

The Himalayan Mountains

These mountains are a climatic divider between Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent. They do not allow the cold Central Asian winds to enter the continent, hence keeping it warmer than other regions. They also block south-west monsoon winds from entering the country's atmosphere. These mountains serve as a climatic barrier between Central Asia and India. They prevent cold Central Asian winds from entering the continent, keeping it warmer than other regions. They also keep the southwest monsoon winds out of the country's atmosphere.

Pressure and Winds 

India has northeasterly winds flowing from the subtropical high-pressure belt of North towards the equatorial low-pressure areas. These winds carry very little moisture since they flow only over land. Hence they do not bring any rain to the county. On the other hand, during winters, from the high-pressure region of the northern Himalayas, cold dry winds flow into the continent towards the South. In summers this reverses and low pressure is created in interior Asia. Hence the southwest monsoon winds are originated and because these winds flow over the warm oceans they collect moisture and bring the majority of rainfall in the country. Northeasterly winds blow across India from the subtropical high-pressure belt to the equatorial low-pressure areas. Because they only blow over the land, these winds carry very little moisture. As a result, they do not bring rain to the county. During the winter, however, cold dry winds from the high-pressure region of the northern Himalayas flow into the continent from the south. This is reversed in the summer, resulting in low pressure in the interior of Asia. As a result, the southwest monsoon winds are formed, and because these winds blow over warm oceans, they collect moisture and bring the majority of the country's rainfall.

What do you mean by Climatic Controls? 

The factors that influence or control the contrast of weather in a particular region are called climatic controls. Climate controls are the factors that influence or control the contrast of weather in a specific region.

The following are India’s climate controls-

The dominant temperature of the region is determined by the country's geographical location on the latitude. Temperatures gradually decrease as we move from the equator to the poles, as we all know. Because the southern states are closer to the equator, they have higher temperatures, while the northern states have lower temperatures.

Temperature variations are caused by altitude, just as they are by distance from the equator. As a result, higher altitude regions in India have cooler climatic conditions.

The major factors that influence the climate of any region are pressure and winds. The northeasterly and southwest monsoon winds, for example, are responsible for the monsoon in India.

The temperature of a region is determined by the ocean currents that flow over it; warmer ocean currents warm the region, while moist ocean currents cool it.

The Himalayan Range is the country's most important relief barrier. It restricts the inflow of Central Asian winds to the peninsula's northern tip, keeping temperatures warmer than in other parts of Asia.

The geographical location on the latitude of the country decides the dominant temperature of the region. As we know, the temperatures gradually reduce when we move from the equator to the poles. Since the southern states are located closer to the equator they have high temperatures and the northern states have comparatively lower temperatures. 

Just like the distance from the equator causes variations in temperatures, the altitude also does. Hence regions at higher altitudes in India experience cooler climatic conditions. 

Pressure and Wind are the major factors that influence the climate of any region. For example, the northeasterly winds and southwest monsoon winds are responsible for the monsoon in India.

The ocean currents flowing over a region determine the Temperature of that region, warmer ocean currents make the region warmer, whereas moist ocean currents make it cooler. 

The Himalayan Range is the most important relief barrier of the country. It restricts the inflow of Central Asian winds to the northern part of the peninsula,  hence keeping the temperatures warmer than other regions of Asia.

FAQs on Climate of India

1. How does Altitude affect the climate of India?

The Himalayas and the Aravali ranges are two of India's most impressive mountain ranges. These massive structures are in charge of preventing winds and ocean currents from passing through them. As a result, they play an important role in the country's climatic conditions. Because the Himalayas block the central Asian katabatic winds, India has mild winters. Furthermore, as we move above sea level, temperatures begin to fall; thus, the altitude of a region determines its temperature.

2. What are the major types of climate in India?

Though most Indian climate information refers to the weather and climate of India as 'Monsoon type,' we can divide the country's climatic conditions into four major seasons. 

1. Winter: From December to February, India experiences moderate to severe winters. Temperatures in the northwest range between 10-15°C on average. Temperatures rise to around 20-25°C as we approach the equator.

2. Summer/Pre-monsoon: This season begins in March and lasts until May, with April being the hottest month with average temperatures ranging from 32 to 40 degrees Celsius.

3. Monsoon:   This season, which lasts from June to September, is influenced by the Southwest Summer Monsoon. Northern areas receive less rainfall than southern areas.

4. Post-monsoon/Autumn: From October to November, this season is typically cloudless, except Tamil Nadu, which receives the majority of its rainfall during this time due to the retreating monsoon.

3. What are the factors affecting India’s climate? Elaborate. 

To know the answer to the above question visit Vedantu . Download free study material from vedantu.com on NCERT, CBSE, ICSE, IIT, JEE, Engineering and medical entrance exam materials in pdf format. 

4. What exactly is a 'loo'?

'Loo' refers to the strong, gusty, hot, dry winds that blow during the day over northern and northwestern India during the summer. The 'loo' is a prominent feature of the hot weather season, which lasts from April to June. Loo usually happens in the afternoon, but it can last until late in the evening.

5. What exactly is "October Heat"?

The months of October and November mark the transition from a hot rainy season to a dry winter. The end of the monsoon season is marked by clear skies and a temperature rise. The ground is still wet. The weather becomes oppressive as a result of the high temperature and humidity. This is commonly referred to as 'October Heat.'

Explore historical and projected climate data, climate data by sector, impacts, key vulnerabilities and what adaptation measures are being taken. Explore the overview for a general context of how climate change is affecting India.

• Climate Change Overview
• Country Summary

Climatology

• Trends & Variability
• Mean Projections (CMIP6)
• Extreme Events
• Historical Natural Hazards
• Sea Level Rise

This page presents India's climate context for the current climatology, 1991-2020, derived from observed, historical data. Information should be used to build a strong understanding of current climate conditions in order to appreciate future climate scenarios and projected change. You can visualize data for the current climatology through spatial variation, the seasonal cycle, or as a time series. Analysis is available for both annual and seasonal data. Data presentation defaults to national-scale aggregation, however sub-national data aggregations can be accessed by clicking within a country, on a sub-national unit.  Other historical climatologies can be selected from the Time Period dropdown list. 

Observed, historical data is produced by the  Climatic Research Unit (CRU)  of University of East Anglia.  Data  is presented at a 0.5º x 0.5º (50km x 50km) resolution.

India’s land surface can be divided into six physiographic regions: Himalayan mountains in the north, Peninsular Deccan Plateau, the Indo-Gangetic Plains, Thar Desert in the west, Coastal Plain, and the Islands. All these regions have different climate profile and vulnerabilities. The country’s is influenced by the presence of the Himalayas in the northern part of the country and the Thar Desert in the west. The Himalayan Mountains act as a barrier to winds from Central Asia and China, enabling India’s climate to be warmer than other countries at similar latitudes. The northern part of the country is characterized as a continental climate with hot summers and cold winters. The coastal regions of the country, however, experience warmer temperatures with little variation throughout the year and frequent rainfall. India’s seasonal cycle for the latest climatology, 1991-2020, conceals considerable regional variation. India’s monsoon season runs approximately from June to October, arriving later in more northerly regions and delivering over 80% of the territory’s annual precipitation. A shorter rainy season occurs during the months of October through December following the summer monsoon and is referred to as the post monsoon season. The southwest monsoon season (June-September) generates average monthly rainfall between 150 millimeters (mm) to 270 mm and the northeast monsoon season (October-December) generates average monthly rainfall between 10 mm and 75 mm. Large inter-annual variability is a key feature of the rainfall regime of India. This is due to both remote and regional climate influences of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole on the monsoon. Summer (May-September) temperatures are consistently high across India’s territory, with some small exceptions in its most mountainous regions. Winter (November-March) temperatures are more variable, and this variation along with different precipitation patterns determines the many climatic zones of India. The winter season brings dry and clear weather with low humidity and temperature during the months of January and February. To the west are arid and semi-arid climates including the Thar desert region, the driest areas of which experience less than 300 mm of annual precipitation and high inter-annual variability. In contrast, the Southwestern region of India has a wet tropical climate with high annual precipitation commonly well over 1,500 mm. The east coast of India also experiences consistently high temperatures and high precipitation rates, but like much of central India, precipitation is strongly controlled by the monsoon and is highly variable between years. India’s central regions experience greater seasonal temperature variation.

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CLIMATE OF INDIA Subject: Geography For Class: IX.

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CLIMATE OF INDIA

Mar 22, 2012

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CLIMATE OF INDIA. Subject: Geography For Class: IX & XI. PRESENTED BY:. ASHUTOSH KARASHARMA MISHRA. Address: (Personal) At: Srikrisna Nagar Po: Loisingha Dist: Bolangir Orissa-767020. Address: (Official) At: JNV, Koraput Po: OMP Line Dist: Koraput

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CLIMATE OF INDIA Subject: Geography For Class: IX & XI

PRESENTED BY: ASHUTOSH KARASHARMA MISHRA Address: (Personal) At: Srikrisna Nagar Po: Loisingha Dist: Bolangir Orissa-767020 Address: (Official) At: JNV, Koraput Po: OMP Line Dist: Koraput Orissa Phone No: 9437146288 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]

Familiarize students with the terms, key concepts and basic principles associated with the climate of India. • Provide them idea about the mechanism of Indian monsoon. • Study the climate of India through the understanding and analysis of local climate. • Explore the causative factor of the spatial variations in the climate of the country. • Understand and analyze the variation of climatic phenomenon in the cycle of seasons. • Make students aware of the change in climate (global warming) at local level to understand it at national and global level.

Watch Out Weather News……………. Hot weather season Monsoon season Tropical Cyclone Cold Weather Season Four Videos Embedded: Please right click over the dark square to choose Play or Stop one after another.

CONTENTS OF THE LESSON Part-I Climatic Diversity of India Part-II Factors Affecting Climate of India Rhythm of Seasons Part-III Part-IV Distribution of Rainfall Change of Climate Part-V Please click on the box to navigate to the pages

Why does weather change spatially & temporally? Let us examine…

Drass -450C in December night Tawang 190C in June 550C temperature in June Thar desert Diurnal range of temperature 300C Jaisalmer receives 9cm rainfall Cherrapunji & Mawsynram have 1080cm rain Tiruvanantapuram & Chennai 200C in December night Kerala Diurnal range of temperature 80C MONSOON REGIME IS THE UNITY OF INDIA

MORE DIVERSITIES………………….. • Churu in Rajasthan records a temperature of 50°C or more on a June day. • Snow fall over the Himalayas. • Most parts of India receives rainfall during June to September. • Tura of Meghalaya receives rainfall in a single day is equal to the total rainfall of Ten years in Jaisalmer of Rajastan. • It is 19°C in Tawang (Arunachal Pradesh) on the same day. • Only rainfall over rest of India. • Tamilnadu coast remains dry during these months. • Very low rainfall in North west Himalayas and western Rajastan which is equal to 10cm per year. MONSOON REGIME IS THE UNITY OF INDIA

Lets divide the class into five groups namely A, B, C, D and E. • Collect the data of temperature and rainfall of different cities of India from web site www.allrainfallreports.com . • Collect the rainfall and temperature data of your town and compare it with the data of other cities of India. • Make a comparative study of temperature and rainfall data of different districts of Orissa. (Source- Climatological survey of Orissa 1987-2003 & District statistical handbooks) • Write about the climate of your district and upload it to www.climateofindia.pbwiki.com . • Make a power point presentation of all the activities you have done. CLICK ON ICON TO DOWNLOAD TEMPLATE

FACTORS AFFECTING INDIAN CLIMATE FAQ RELATED TO LOCATION & RELIEF RELATED TO AIR PRESSURE & WIND • Latitude Surface pressure & wind • Altitude Upper air circulation • Relief Western cyclones • Distance from Sea • The Himalayan Mt. • Distribution of Land & water

EQUATORIAL REGION LATITUDE FAQ TROPIC OF CANCER High range of Temp High Temp Low range

THE HIMALAYAS- CLIMATIC BARRIER Cold Wave Cold Wave Cold Wave Cold Wave Monsoon Wind Monsoon Wind Monsoon Wind Monsoon Wind

DISTRIBUTION OF LAND & WATER FAQ HIGH PRESSURE IN WINTER LOW PRESSURE IN SUMMER ARABIAN SEA BAY OF BENGAL INDIAN OCEAN

SIMLA DELHI KOLKOTA MUMBAI CHENNAI DISTANCE FROM SEA Coastal areas have equable climate where as Interior parts have extreme climate.

AGRA 160C in Jan DARJILING 40C in January ALTITUDE FAQ Temperature decreased from low to high altitude HIGH ALTITUDE Decrease in Temperature LOW ALTITUDE

RELIEF FAQ Receives high rainfall Western Ghat Mt. Monsoon Wind Receives low rainfall Monsoon Wind Monsoon Wind

SUB TROPICAL LOW PRESSURE SUB TROPICAL HIGH PRESSURE INTER TROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE SUB TROPICAL HIGH PRESSURE SUB TROPICAL LOW PRESSURE SURFACE WIND POLAR HIGH NORTH-EAST TRADE WIND SOUTH-EAST TRADE WIND POLAR HIGH

JET STREAM IN WINTER TIBET

JET STREAM IN SUMMER

WESTERN DISTURBANCE Mediterranean sea

EL-NINO EFFECTS FAQ 1990 Delay in Monsoon Equatorial Warm Current Peru El-Nino Homboldt Cold Current

SOUTHERN OSCILLATION Darwin Tahiti

Prepare a ppt. answering the following: • Collect the data on the effect of El-nino over different parts of world and prepare a presentation and upload it to www.climateofindia.pbwiki.com. • Explain the factors affecting the climate of your region in a word/pdf file and upload it to www.think.com or www.climateofindia.pbwiki.com page. • Invite your friends to your www.think.com or www.epal.com site to explain about the climate of their region. • Explain how jet stream affect the climate of India in word/pdf file and upload it to the suitable web page. • Compare how relief affect the climate of your region. CLICK ON ICON TO DOWNLOAD TEMPLATE

RHYTHM OF SEASONS HOT WEATHER RETREATING MONSOON COLD WEATHER SOUTH WEST MONSOON Let us discuss each of them individually

Tropical Cyclone COLD WEATHER SEASON • It extends from December to February. • Vertical sun rays shift towards southern hemisphere. • North India experiences intense cold where as this season is not well defined in south India. • Light wind blow makes this season pleasant in south India. • Occasional tropical cyclone visit eastern coast in this season. Rhythm of Seasons

TEMPERATURE- JANUARY 100C` 150C 200C 200C 200C 250C 200C 250C Rhythm of Seasons

PRESSURE- JANUARY 1018 HIGH PRESSURE 1019 1018 1018 1017 1016 1015 1014 Rhythm of Seasons

WIND DIRECTION- WINTER Northern Plain Ganga Delta Bay of Bengal Rhythm of Seasons

WINTER RAINFALL RAINFALL DUE TO WESTERN DISTURBANCES RAINFALL DUE TO NORTH EAST WIND Rhythm of Seasons

May 480C April 380C March 300C HOT WEATHER SEASON • It extends from March to May. • Vertical sun rays shift towards Northern hemisphere. • Temperature rises gradually from south to north. • Highest Temperature experiences in Karnataka in March, Madhya Pradesh in April and Rajastan in May. Rhythm of Seasons

TEMPERATURE- JULY 250C 200C 300C 250C 200C 300C 300C Rhythm of Seasons

PRESSURE- JULY 997 998 999 1000 1001 1003 1002 1004 1005 1006 1007 Rhythm of Seasons

BARDOLI CHHEERHA LOO KALBAISAKHI MANGO SHOWER BLOSSOM SHOWER STORMS IN HOT WEATHER SEASON FAQ Rhythm of Seasons

SOUTH WEST MONSOON SEASON • It extends from June to September. • Intense heating in north west India creates low pressure region. • Low pressure attract the wind from the surrounding region. • After having rains for a few days sometime monsoon fails to occur for one or more weeks is known as break in the monsoon. HIGH TEMPERATURE LOW PRESSURE Rhythm of Seasons

MONSOON WIND Arabian sea Branch Bay of Bengal Branch INTER TROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE EQUATOR SE Trade SE Trade SE Trade SE Trade Rhythm of Seasons

ONSET OF SW MONSOON 15th June 15th July 1st July 10th June 5th June 1st June Rhythm of Seasons

RETREATING MONSOON SEASON • It extends from October to November • Vertical sun rays start shifting towards Northern hemisphere. • Low pressure region shift from northern parts of India towards south. • Owing to the conditions of high temperature and humidity, the weather becomes rather oppressive. This is commonly known as the ‘October heat’ LOW PRESSURE Rhythm of Seasons

WITHDRAWAL OF MONSOON 15th Sept. 7th Sept. 30th Sept. 7th October 15th October Rhythm of Seasons

Prepare a ppt. answering the following: • Explain the seasonal difference of climate of your region in a word/pdf file and upload it to www.climateofindia.pbwiki.com. • Search friends from different parts of India and seek their comments and compare the seasonal difference in climate of different parts of India by using www.think.com. • Prepare an analysis of yearly temperature and rainfall data by using different graphs and upload it to www.climateofindia.pbwiki.com. • Collect photographs of monsoon and upload to www.think.com or www.climateofindia.pbwiki.com. CLICK ON ICON TO DOWNLOAD TEMPLATE

DISTRIBUTION OF RAINFALL > 200cm 100-200cm 50-100 cm < 50cm

VARIABILITY OF RAINFALL • The variability of rainfall is computed with the help of the following formula: C.V.= Standard Deviation/ Mean * 100 • Variability of less than 25% exist in Western coasts, Western Ghats, northeastern peninsula, eastern plain of the Ganga, northern India, Uttaranchal, SW J & K & HP. • Variability of more then 50% found in Western Rajastan, J & K and interior parts of Deccan. • Region with high rainfall has less variability.

Prepare a power point presentation answering the following: • Why there is variation of rainfall in different parts of India? Explain in a word/pdf file and upload. • Calculate the variability of rainfall of your region. • Compare the variability of rainfall with the total rainfall of your region. • Measure the rainfall in your school and record it in a spread sheet for analysis. • Read out the rainfall and temperature data of your school daily in the morning assembly. CLICK ON ICON TO DOWNLOAD TEMPLATE

IMPACT OF GLOBAL WORMING FLOOD FOREST FIRE SPREAD OF TROPICAL DISEASES SINKING COAST SEA LEVEL RISE MELTING OF ICE INCREASE INGREEN HOUSE GASES RISE IN TEMPERATURE TSUNAMI & EARTHQUAKE EXCESSIVE SUN STROKE FOOD SCARCITY LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY CLIMATE CHANGE

SOME INTERESTING FACTS • Temperature increased by 0.60C in 20th century. • Eleven out of twelve hottest years are within 1995 to 2006. • Annual rate of increase of CO2 is 1.9ppm after 1995. • Concentration of methane increased from 700ppb in 1750 to 1745ppb at present and Nitrous Oxide from 270ppb to 314ppb where as CFC increased from zero to 533ppb. • Rising of temperature to 30C will lead to melting of all ice on earth surface and sea level rise upto 15 feet. • Existence of large cities like Venis, Bankok, Sanghai, Kolkota and Dhaka will be in danger. FAQ

KOLKOTA MUMBAI CHENNAI CLIMATE CHANGE & INDIA • India has long coast line and rise of sea level will submerge large area. • A population of 7.1 million living in coastal areas will be affected. • Production of crops like wheat, rice etc will decrease. • The natural disasters like cyclone, floods and drought will increase in frequency as well as intensity.

WHAT CAN BE DONE??? • Switch off the light, fan, TV and other energy using gadgets when they are not in use. • Do not use those equipments that pollute or consume more energy. • create public awareness. • use renewable energy resources like solar, wind, biomass etc. • International conferences like Earth Summit, 1992, Kyoto protocol, Copenhegen summit, 2009 are some steps to bring consensus for crusade against Climate Change.

Ask elders of your family or village about their perception of change in climate and explain it in a word/pdf file and upload it to www.climateofindia.pbwiki.com . • Give an analysis of change in temperature of your region by collecting data of fifteen years from climatological survey of orissa. • Explain what you can do to reduce the impact of climate change. • Ask your friends through www.think.com about their contribution to reduce the impact of climate change. • Prepare a power point presentation explaining all above. CLICK ON ICON TO DOWNLOAD TEMPLATE

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE • Name the factors affecting climate of India . • What is meant by El-nino? • Why the south western part of peninsular India receives high rainfall? • Name the important green house gases. • How altitude affects climate? • How distance from sea affect climate? • What is meant by mango shower? • What is meant by Inter Tropical Convergence Zone? Answer Answer Answer Answer Answer Answer Answer Answer

EVALUATION RUBRIC Evaluate the classroom presentation of other groups and assign marks.

CITATION • Abraham, K.R.; Dash, S.K. and Mohanty, U.C., 1996: Simulation of monsoon circulation and cyclones with different types of orography; Mausam, 47, 235-248. • Ashok K., S. Lizuka, S.A Rao, N. H. Saji and W. Lee, 2009 : Processes and boreal summer impacts of the 2004 El Nino Modoki: An AGCM study. Geophysical Research Letters, 36, L04703, doi:10.1029/2008GL036313, 1-5. • Bannerji, S. K., 1950 : Methods of forecasting monsoon and winter rainfall in India. Ind. J. Met. and Geophys., 4, 343-346. • Bhalme, H.N. and Jadhav, S.K., 1984: The southern oscillation and its relation to the monsoon rainfall. J.Climatol., 4, 509-520. • Krishnakumar V. and K. ‑M. Lau, 1997 : Symmetric Instability of Monsoon Flows. Tellus 49 A, 228‑245. • Physical Geography of India, NCERT, class-IX • Economic & Commercial Geography of India, C.B. Memoria. • Regional Geography of India, R.L. Singh. • www.imd.gov.in • http://tinyurl.com/q4a6mg • http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/4755025.cms • http://www.nws.noaa.gov/ost/climate/STIP

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