research topics in vegetable science

Advances in Research on Vegetable Production Under a Changing Climate Vol. 2

• © 2023
• Shashank Shekhar Solankey 0 ,
• Meenakshi Kumari 1

Department of Vegetables & Floriculture, Agricultural Research Institute, Patna, India

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Department of Vegetable Science, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, India

• This book presents up to date studies in Olericulture
• Contributions from expert researchers in the field
• Covers climate change, carbon sequestration, greenhouse gasses

Part of the book series: Advances in Olericulture (ADOL)

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Table of contents (16 chapters)

Front matter, advances in research trends in vegetables under a changing climate: a way forward.

• Shashank Shekhar Solankey, Meenakshi Kumari, Hemant Kumar Singh, Pankaj Kumar Ray, Shirin Akhtar, Bholanath Saha

Emerging Obstacles of Vegetable Production Due to Climate Change and Mitigation Strategies

• Shirin Akhtar, Surabhi Sangam, Tirthartha Chattopadhyay, Abhishek Naik, Shashank Shekhar Solankey

Impact of Climate Change on Nutraceutical Properties of Vegetables

• Meenakshi Kumari, Shashank Shekhar Solankey, D. P. Singh, Rajiv

Nutritional Stress Management in Vegetable Crops Under Changing Climate Scenario

• Bholanath Saha, K. Madhusudhan Reddy, Sushanta Saha, Ayesha Fatima, Shashank Shekhar Solankey

Impact of Climate Change on Leafy and Salad Vegetables Production

• Menka Pathak, Satyaprakash Barik, Sunil Kumar Dash, Durga Prasad Moharana

Impact of Climate Change on Perennial Vegetables Production and Mitigation Strategies

• Rajesh Kumar, Lomash Sharma, Jitendra Kumar Kushwah, Bahadur Singh Bamaniya

Impact of Climate Change on Underexploited Vegetable Crops Production and Mitigation Strategies

• Hemant Kumar Singh, Shashank Shekhar Solankey, Pankaj Kumar Ray, Prakash Singh, Md. Shamim, Raj Narain Singh et al.

Impact of Climate Change on Tuber Crops Production and Mitigation Strategies

• K. Madhusudhan Reddy, Randhir Kumar, S. Bhargav Kiran

Impact of Climate Change on Vegetable Seed Production and Mitigation Strategies

• Durga Prasad Moharana, Pragnya Paramita Mishra, Sarvesh Pratap Kashyap, Menka Pathak, D. R. Bhardwaj, Keshav Kant Gautam et al.

Kitchen Gardening for Nutritional Security Under Changing Climate

• Arindam Nag, Anirban Mukherjee, Kumari Shubha, Sangeeta Bhattacharyya, Ramnath K. Ray, Pinaki Roy et al.

Protected Cultivation of High-Value Vegetable Crops Under Changing Climate

• Rajiv, Meenakshi Kumari

Improvement of Vegetables Through Grafting in Changing Climate Scenario

• Pankaj Kumar Ray, Hemant Kumar Singh, Shashank Shekhar Solankey, Raj Narain Singh, Anjani Kumar

Improvement of Vegetables Through Molecular Breeding in Changing Climate Scenario

• Jyoti Prakash Sahoo, Satyaprakash Barik, Menka Pathak, Barsa Tripathy, Madhuri Pradhan

Emerging Insect-Pests of Vegetables Due to Changing Climate

• M. Prashant, M. A. Waseem, Kalmesh Managanvi, Erayya, Vijay Laxmi Rai

Emerging Diseases of Vegetables Due to Changing Climate

• Erayya, Subhashish Sarkhel, Kalmesh Managanvi, Santosh Kumar, Ayon Alipatra

Impact of Climate Change on Postharvest Quality of Vegetables

• K. Prasad, S. K. Singh, Panchaal Bhattocharjee, Joy Rudrapaul, Udit Kumar, Sudheer Kumar Yadav et al.

Back Matter

• Olericulture
• Climate change
• Mitigation Strategies
• Protected cultivation
• Postharvest quality

About this book

This second volume on the topic will be extremely useful for the researchers and postgraduate students working on vegetable crops with a special focus on climate change.

Today, the entire world is suffering from global warming and its consequent, climate change. This has emerged as the most prominent global environmental issue and there is an urgent need to mitigate its impact on agriculture. Over the past 20 years South Asia has had a robust economic growth, yet it is home to more than one fourth of the world’s hunger and 40% of the world’s malnourished children and women. Persistent climatic variability, which results in frequent drought and flood, is among the major reasons for this phenomenon. Vegetables are in general more succulent (have 90% water) and more sensitive to climatic vagaries and sudden changes in temperature, as well as irregular precipitation at any phase of crop growing, can affect the normal growth, flowering, pollination, fruit setting, fruit development and fruit ripening which eventually decreases the yield. The irregular precipitation also causes the soil salinity and is a major challenge in many vegetable growing areas. To mitigate the harmful impact of climatic change there is an urgent need to develop adequate adaptation strategies for adverse effect of climate change and preference should be given to the development of heat, cold, drought, flood and salinity stress tolerant genotypes along with climate proofing through conventional and non-conventional breeding techniques, as well as exploiting the beneficial effects of CO2 enhancement on crop growth and yield. Available evidence shows that there is high probability of increase in the frequency and intensity of climate related natural hazards due to climate change and hence increase the potential threat due to climate change related natural disasters in the world. At present protected cultivation and grafted seedlings are also popularizing among vegetable growers because of the huge scope as well as, molecular breeding, emerging insect-pests & diseases and postharvest quality of vegetables under this climate change scenario. Moreover, underexploited vegetables, perennial vegetable and tuber crops have a more tolerant ability to climate vagaries compare to major vegetables which are also discussed in this book.

Editors and Affiliations

Department of vegetables & floriculture, agricultural research institute, patna, india.

Shashank Shekhar Solankey

Meenakshi Kumari

About the editors

Dr. Shashank Shekhar Solankey is presently working as Assistant Professor– cum –Jr. Scientist (Vegetable Science) at Agricultural Research Institute, Patna (Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, India). He has completed his Master’s Degree in Vegetable Science from Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (India) in 2006 and Doctorate in Horticulture from Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi (India) in 2010. Dr. Solankey has served as SRF as well as RA at ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research (IIVR), Varanasi (U.P.) from 2010 – 2012. He has joined as Assistant Professor– cum –Jr. Scientist (Vegetable Science) at Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour on 17 th September, 2012. He has been involved in teaching, research, extension and training activities at the university. Thereafter, he was deputed at newly established Dr. Kalam Agricultural College, Kishanganj under the umbrella of BAU, Sabour on 7 th September, 2015 and acted as Nodal Officer of newly established Horticulture Research Centre, Kishanganj, Bihar from May, 2021 to June, 2022. He has handled four research projects on vegetable crops as P.I./ Co-P.I. with the objective of biotic and abiotic stress management as well as quality improvement in solanaceous vegetables and okra at B.A.U., Sabour. He has been associated with development of two brinjal varieties (Sabour Sadabahar & Sabour Krishnakali) and one technology on ‘Management of sucking pests in okra’. He is now handling two State Non-plan research projects on “Improvement of okra genotypes for YVMV tolerance” and “Collection, evaluation and assessment of feasibility of promising vegetables for Bihar”. Dr. Solankey has supervised 4 M.Sc. students and also acted as member of advisory committee of 7 M.Sc. and 3 Ph.D. students. He has published 56 research papers, 07 review papers, 01 souvenir paper, 08 edited books, 01 authored book, 50 book chapters and 30 popular articles. He is also life member of Horticulture Society of India, New Delhi; Indian Society of Vegetable Science, IIVR, Varanasi; International Society for Noni Science, Perungudi, Chennai; Society for Scientific Development in Agriculture & Technology, Meerut and Bihar Horticulture Society, BAU, Sabour, Bihar. He is also reviewer of International Journal of Plant & Soil Science as well as Scientia Horticulturae . Dr. Solankey has been awarded with Best Teacher Award (2016) as well as Best Researcher Award (2016) by Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour. Beside these, he has also been recipient of 13 other awards and recognitions.

Dr. Meenakshi Kumari is presently working as Assistant Professor in Department of Vegetable Science at Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, Haryana, India. She has specialization in Vegetable Science. She acquired Masters in Horticulture (Vegetable & Floriculture) from Bihar AgriculturalUniversity, Sabour (Bhagalpur), Bihar in 2016 and Doctorate in Vegetable Science from Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh (India)in 2019. She got first rank in both Masters and Doctoral degree programme. She has qualified ICAR-ASRB NET examination in the Discipline of Vegetable Science in 2017 and qualified CAR-SRF exam in 2016. She has also been selected for the DST- Inspire fellowship for her Doctorate programme, by the Department of Science & Technology, Govt. of India. Presently, Dr. Kumari is guiding 3 Master’s Students. She has published 27research papers (national & international), 05 review papers, 31 book chapters,03 books, 01 manual, 15 popular articles and above 35 abstracts/ extended summary. Dr. Kumari has been awarded with Best Oral Presentation Awards (2018), Best Article Award (2018) and Best Thesis Award (2018) as well as has 07 other awards/ recognitions. She is also life member of Horticulture Society of India, New Delhiand Indian Science Congress, Kolkata, India.

Bibliographic Information

Book Title : Advances in Research on Vegetable Production Under a Changing Climate Vol. 2

Editors : Shashank Shekhar Solankey, Meenakshi Kumari

Series Title : Advances in Olericulture

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20840-9

Publisher : Springer Cham

eBook Packages : Biomedical and Life Sciences , Biomedical and Life Sciences (R0)

Copyright Information : The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023

Hardcover ISBN : 978-3-031-20839-3 Published: 03 January 2023

Softcover ISBN : 978-3-031-20842-3 Published: 04 January 2024

eBook ISBN : 978-3-031-20840-9 Published: 01 January 2023

Series ISSN : 2367-4083

Series E-ISSN : 2367-4091

Edition Number : 1

Number of Pages : XVII, 369

Number of Illustrations : 1 b/w illustrations

Topics : Agriculture , Environment, general , Plant Genetics and Genomics

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Inaugural Editorial: Vegetable Research

• Yiqun Weng , 

Editor-in-Chief, Vegetable Research

Research Geneticist and Professor, USDA-ARS, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States

• Corresponding author: [email protected] ; [email protected]
• Received Date: 15 January 2021 Accepted Date: 15 January 2021 Published Online: 22 January 2021 Vegetable Research   1 ,  Article number: 1  (2021)  |  Cite this article

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• Received Date: 15 January 2021
• Accepted Date: 15 January 2021
• Published Online: 22 January 2021

Vegetables are essential to human health by providing a source of dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals, health promoting bioactive phytochemicals, and other nutrients in our diet. Some root and tuber vegetables also serve as staple crops. Vegetables enrich our lives by adding color, texture, and flavor to our foods. Vegetables play critical roles in the agricultural economy. In many developing countries, vegetable production generates significant income and employment for rural economies.

Vegetables are biologically fascinating with unique biological processes in many species that are appreciated by plant biologists as research subjects. Vegetables are extremely diverse, which is reflected in the broad category of what is considered a vegetable. Over 400 vegetable crops from 70 families and 230 genera are cultivated worldwide. Almost all plant parts can be consumed as vegetables: leaves, stems, roots (bulbs and tubers), flowers, inflorescences, immature and mature fruits, pods, and seeds. Many vegetables exhibit astounding diversity in size, shape, color, life cycle and end use, which is the result of long-term natural and/or diversifying selection for adaptation to natural environments, human needs, commercial production, or food processing. Thus, vegetable research offers great opportunities for exciting scientific discoveries.

Like many other horticultural crops, vegetables are considered minor or specialty crops. For a long time, vegetable research was far lagging behind field crops and model plant species. This could be attributed to the lack of necessary genetic and genomics resources and limited government investment on research, to name a few. However, technology advancement in the last two decades, especially ever-evolving genome sequencing and genome editing technologies, has revolutionized vegetable research. For example, the draft genomes of near 50 vegetable crops/genotypes have been published, which are fundamentally transforming our understanding of the domestication, evolution, and molecular processes of vegetable crops. Translational research is also accelerating vegetable improvement and production. Indeed, in the last decade, we have seen exponential increase in vegetable research publications. However, very few platforms are dedicated to disseminating research advances in vegetable crops, motivating us to launch the journal Vegetable Research ( VegRes ).

Vegetable Research aims to become a major resource of innovative knowledge in vegetable science. Vegetable Research welcomes original research articles, methods, resources, and reviews in all areas of vegetable research including but not limited to genetics, breeding, omics, molecular biology, biotechnology, interactions with environments and with other biological systems, and production pre- and post-harvest. Vegetable Research also aims to provide a community forum by publishing Editorials and Perspectives on specific issues or topics in vegetable research .

I have the honor to be the inaugural Editor-in-Chief of Vegetable Research , and I am happy to accept the challenges and responsibilities of developing Vegetable Research into a respected professional journal in vegetable science and plant biology. It is a privilege for me to work with an excellent team of Associate Editors. I would like to take this opportunity to thank all Editorial Board members who are willing to contribute their time and expertise to serve the journal and the vegetable research community. In the future, more Associate Editors will be recruited to handle and organize manuscripts on vegetable research in new frontiers and interdisciplinary fields. The editorial process will also be periodically reviewed and updated in response to the new and emerging trends of vegetable research and to maintain the consistency of editorial actions. The journal is a peer-reviewed publication. I will work closely with Associate Editors and reviewers to critically assess all manuscripts, provide helpful feedbacks, and make sound recommendations in a timely manner. Vegetable Research will follow Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines ( https://publicationethics.org/ ).

Vegetable Research is an international, open-access, online journal published by Maximum Academic Press ( http://www.maxapress.com/journal/vegres ) using a continual publication model for rapid turnaround from manuscript submission to publication to facilitate public access and knowledge exchange. On behalf of the editorial board members, I cordially invite everyone in the vegetable research community to submit his/her exciting discoveries to Vegetable Research . We also welcome and value your suggestions and ideas for making the journal an indispensable source of knowledge and a forum for the vegetable research community.

• The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
• Open Access This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Copyright: © 2021 by the author(s). Exclusive Licensee Maximum Academic Press, Fayetteville, GA. This article is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ .

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Fruits, vegetables, and health: A comprehensive narrative, umbrella review of the science and recommendations for enhanced public policy to improve intake

Affiliations.

• 1 Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA.
• 2 Think Healthy Group, Inc., Washington, DC, USA.
• 3 Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
• 4 Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
• 5 Center for Nutrition Research, Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Bedford Park, Illinois, USA.
• 6 Biofortis Research, Merieux NutriSciences, Addison, Illinois, USA.
• 7 Department of Human Nutrition, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA.
• 8 Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
• 9 School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA.
• 10 Bone and Body Composition Laboratory, College of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
• 11 College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
• 12 Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
• 13 D&V Systematic Evidence Review, Bronx, New York, USA.
• PMID: 31267783
• DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1632258

Fruit and vegetables (F&V) have been a cornerstone of healthy dietary recommendations; the 2015-2020 U.S. Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend that F&V constitute one-half of the plate at each meal. F&V include a diverse collection of plant foods that vary in their energy, nutrient, and dietary bioactive contents. F&V have potential health-promoting effects beyond providing basic nutrition needs in humans, including their role in reducing inflammation and their potential preventive effects on various chronic disease states leading to decreases in years lost due to premature mortality and years lived with disability/morbidity. Current global intakes of F&V are well below recommendations. Given the importance of F&V for health, public policies that promote dietary interventions to help increase F&V intake are warranted. This externally commissioned expert comprehensive narrative, umbrella review summarizes up-to-date clinical and observational evidence on current intakes of F&V, discusses the available evidence on the potential health benefits of F&V, and offers implementation strategies to help ensure that public health messaging is reflective of current science. This review demonstrates that F&V provide benefits beyond helping to achieve basic nutrient requirements in humans. The scientific evidence for providing public health recommendations to increase F&V consumption for prevention of disease is strong. Current evidence suggests that F&V have the strongest effects in relation to prevention of CVDs, noting a nonlinear threshold effect of 800 g per day (i.e., about 5 servings a day). A growing body of clinical evidence (mostly small RCTs) demonstrates effects of specific F&V on certain chronic disease states; however, more research on the role of individual F&V for specific disease prevention strategies is still needed in many areas. Data from the systematic reviews and mostly observational studies cited in this report also support intake of certain types of F&V, particularly cruciferous vegetables, dark-green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and dark-colored berries, which have superior effects on biomarkers, surrogate endpoints, and outcomes of chronic disease.

Keywords: Fruit; health; nutrition; produce; vegetable.

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• J Food Sci Technol
• v.47(1); 2010 Jan

Recent advances in drying and dehydration of fruits and vegetables: a review

V. r. sagar.

Division of Post-harvest Technology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012 India

P. Suresh Kumar

ICAR RC NEH Region, AP Centre, Basar, 791 101 India

Fruits and vegetables are dried to enhance storage stability, minimize packaging requirement and reduce transport weight. Preservation of fruits and vegetables through drying based on sun and solar drying techniques which cause poor quality and product contamination. Energy consumption and quality of dried products are critical parameters in the selection of drying process. An optimum drying system for the preparation of quality dehydrated products is cost effective as it shortens the drying time and cause minimum damage to the product. To reduce the energy utilization and operational cost new dimensions came up in drying techniques. Among the technologies osmotic dehydration, vacuum drying, freeze drying, superheated steam drying, heat pump drying and spray drying have great scope for the production of quality dried products and powders.

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (575K).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

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Focus Issue Webinar: Vegetable Crops, June 5, 2024

Celebrating the june 2024 focus issue on vegetable crops.

Wednesday June 5, 2025, 7AM GMT, 8AM BST (London), 9AM CEST (Amsterdam), 3PM China, Taiwan

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About this webinar

Vegetable crops encompass over 200 plant species utilized as human food. They have been domesticated from their wild progenitors that have undergone a process influenced by human preferences and diverse environmental factors. Because edible parts (organs) of vegetable crops are quite different for each crop, goals in physiological research and breeding are quite different for each crop. Vegetables, like other crops, have faced threats from abiotic and biotic stresses such as global climate change, decreasing arable land, and soil erosion. Overcoming these challenges requires a deep understanding of the fundamental biology and genetics of the crops. Additionally, vegetable breeding needs to consider consumers’ preference and market demands. Integrating high throughput phenotyping data and artificial intelligence analyses will enable smart agriculture in the vegetable industry. Therefore, basic research in plant physiology and genetics can provide guidance for cultivation practice and breeding of vegetable crops, achieving sustainable agriculture and increasing food security.

The June 2024 Focus Issue of  Plant Physiology , edited by Qiaohong Duan, Jin Hoe Huh, Yann-rong Lin, and Leo F.M. Marcelis, spotlights research on vegetable crops. This webinar features speakers Xingwang Liu, Sijia Chen, and Cheng-Ruei Lee, who share findings from their work appearing in this Focus Issue. The webinar is hosted by  Plant Physiology  Monitoring Editors Yann-rong Lin and Qiaohong Dua, and is moderated by  Plant Physiology  Assistant Features Editor Kumari Billakurthi.

Xingwang Liu: Mutating the maternal haploid inducer gene CsDMP in cucumber produces haploids in planta  

Sijia Chen Far-red light-enhanced apical dominance stimulates flower and fruit abortion in sweet pepper  

Cheng-Ruei Lee: Variable patterns of molecular variation during crop domestication  

Yann-rong Lin,  Plant Physiology  Monitoring Editor  

Qiaohong Duan,  Plant Physiology  Monitoring Editor  

Kumari Billakurthi,  Plant Physiology  Assistant Features Editor  

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Uptake of tire wear additives by vegetables grown for human consumption

Irrigation with treated wastewater and sewage sludge brings tire additives into the leafy vegetables.

Car tires contain hundreds of chemical additives that can leach out of them. This is how they end up in crops and subsequently in the food chain. Researchers at the Center for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science at the University of Vienna and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem have now detected these chemical residues in leafy vegetables for the first time. Although the concentrations were low, the evidence was clear, a finding that is also known for drug residues in plant-based foods. The study was published in the journal Frontiers in Environmental Science.

The presence of drug residues in commercially sold fruit and vegetables has already been scientifically investigated many times. However, chemical substances from tire wear, so-called additives, also find their way into the food chain. This has now been shown in a new study by an international research team led by Thilo Hofmann at the Center for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science at the University of Vienna (CeMESS) in collaboration with a team the Hebrew University of Jerusalem led by Benny Chefetz. Vegetables from Switzerland and Israel were examined. Some of these substances and their transformation products can potentially pose ecological and toxicological risks.

Car tires consist of a complex mixture of materials that improve their performance and durability. These include 5-15% chemical additives, which comprise hundreds of substances, for example antioxidants, antiozonants, vulcanizing agents, anti-aging agents and many more, to enable the hig-tech performance of a modern tire. "The toxicity of tire and road wear particles is related to their organic additives and associated transformation products," explains Anya Sherman, PhD student at CeMESS and first author of the recently published study.

The compounds extracted from car tires find their way into agriculture through atmospheric deposition, irrigation with treated wastewater and the use of sewage sludge as fertilizer. "There they can be taken-up by plants and thus also reach humans," adds Thilo Hofmann, head of the research group.

Residues of tire wear in leafy vegetables from the supermarket and field

Finally, the researchers extrapolated the measured values from the vegetables to the intake of these substances in the diet. "We calculated the intake per day based on what people in Switzerland and Israel eat," says Sherman. The concentrations of the tire additives in leafy vegetables are low overall and are, for example, 238 nanograms ng/kg for benzothiazole (BTZ), or 0.4 ng/kg for 6PPD, a substance whose transformation product 6PPD quinone is known to be highly toxic for aquatic species like coho salmon. Depending on the diet, this leads to a daily intake per person of 12 to 1,296 ng for BTZ, or 0.06 to 2.6 ng for 6PPD. This is comparable in magnitude to drug residues, which also enter the food chain. According to Thilo Hofmann, the study shows clear results: "While the concentrations and daily intake are fortunately relatively low, additives from car tires are still found in food. That's not where they belong." According to Hofmann, the next steps should now be to investigate the environmental and human health aspects.

From the street, to the plant, into the body

As early as 2023, the scientists were able to show that additives from car tires can in principle be absorbed by plants. "However, the question was whether this only happens in our mechanistic laboratory study or also in the field," explains first author Anya Sherman. In the current study, the Viennese and Israeli environmental scientists therefore analyzed whether lettuce plants absorb the chemicals released by car tires under natural growing conditions. "We examined real samples from supermarkets in Switzerland and field vegetables from Israel," says Thilo Hofmann, explaining the background to the study published last week.

The international team of researchers used high-resolution mass spectrometry to analyze the samples for a total of sixteen tire-associated compounds. The countries of origin of the leafy vegetables in the Swiss samples from the supermarket were Italy, Spain, and Switzerland. In the Israeli samples, field vegetables from Israel directly after harvest.

• Food and Agriculture
• Transportation Science
• Environmental Issues
• Recycling and Waste
• Geochemistry
• Protein structure
• Leaf vegetable
• Structural alignment (genomics)
• Organic food
• Heirloom plant

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Materials provided by University of Vienna . Note: Content may be edited for style and length.

Journal Reference :

• Anya Sherman, Luzian Elijah Hämmerle, Evyatar Ben Mordechay, Benny Chefetz, Thorsten Hüffer, Thilo Hofmann. Uptake of tire-derived compounds in leafy vegetables and implications for human dietary exposure . Frontiers in Environmental Science , 2024; 12 DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2024.1384506

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Eating more fruits and vegetables may lead to optimal sleep duration

by Stephanie Baum , Medical Xpress

Good health depends on a healthy diet and sufficient exercise and sleep. There are clear associations among these components; for example, good nutrition provides energy for exercise, and many people report that getting enough exercise is important to their ability to get enough sleep. So how might nutrition affect sleep?

A new study looks at the connection between fruit and vegetable intake and sleep duration. The research, by a team from Finland's University of Helsinki, National Institute for Health and Welfare, and Turku University of Applied Sciences, is published in Frontiers in Nutrition .

Why sleep is important and how it works

Sleep gives our bodies the chance to rest and recover from wakeful activity. Our hearts, blood vessels , muscles, cells, immune systems, cognitive abilities , and memory-making abilities depend on regular, healthy sleep for optimal functioning, and a 2019 study suggests that sleep is important for repairing DNA damage that occurs during wakefulness.

Restful sleep takes place in 3–5 nightly cycles, each lasting 90–120 minutes, on average. During each cycle, we begin with a stage of non-rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, then move through two increasingly deeper periods of non-REM sleep before backing out of them. Our non-REM sleep becomes lighter and lighter until we reach a REM stage, after which a new cycle begins, or we awaken. Adults should aim to sleep from 7 to 9 hours per night.

However, recent studies show that insomnia and shorter sleep duration is becoming more common among adults. Due to factors such as stress, consumption of fast foods, and sedentary lifestyles, sleep deprivation is emerging as a public health concern, linked to cardiovascular disease, diminished cognitive ability, and an increase in all-cause mortality.

In this new study, the researchers wanted to explore how sleep duration might affect consumption of fruits and vegetables, and vice-versa. They also investigated the role that individual chronotypes (activity timing preferences, such as morning or evening) might play in dietary choices and sleep duration.

Recommended fruit and vegetable intake for adults

The World Health Organization recommends that people consume at least 400 g of fruits and vegetables daily, while the most recent advice from the Nordic Council of Ministers recommends a higher intake, encouraging between 500 g and 800 g of "vegetables, fruits, and berries, with half of the consumption coming from vegetables."

However, studies show that adults in many countries don't meet the minimum intake. According to the new research, only 14% of Finnish men and 22% of Finnish women consume the recommended daily minimum of 500 g of berries, fruit, and vegetables.

The research team examined details from the National FinHealth 2017 Study. A total of 5,043 adults, ages 18 and above (55.9% female; mean age = 55 [SD 16.0]), submitted detailed responses to a 134-item questionnaire on the composition and frequency of their usual daily food intake within the most recent 12 months, and reported their chronotypes (tendency to sleep at a certain time of day) and typical sleep duration within a 24-hour period.

From these responses, three sleep duration categories emerged: short (less than 7 hours/day; 21%), normal (7–9 hours/day; 76.1%), and long (9+ hours/day; 2.9%). Short sleepers had a mean sleep duration of 6 hours; for normal sleepers the mean duration was 7.7 hours, and for long sleepers the mean duration was 10.1 hours. A majority of the participants (61.7%) categorized themselves as intermediate chronotypes, while 22.4% specified that they were morning types, and 15.9% identified as evening types.

The researchers included chronotypes as a study covariate, noting that many studies have not included them as potential confounders. However, some research shows that they may affect dietary behaviors. The researchers state, "Studies have shown that evening chronotypes are often associated with unhealthy dietary behaviors, including a propensity for obesity-related eating habits."

Findings: Both quantity and specific fruit and vegetable choices matter

Among the notable results, normal sleepers showed a higher intake than both short and long sleepers of fruits and vegetables across all fruit and vegetable sub-groups. However, intake of different types of fruits and vegetables yielded varying results.

The research explains, "In the vegetable sub-group, significant differences were observed in the consumption of green leafy vegetables, root vegetables and fruit vegetables (e.g., tomatoes, cucumbers), between normal and short sleepers .

"Similarly, for normal vs. long sleepers, significant differences were again noted for green leafy vegetables and fruit vegetables. However, other fresh and canned vegetables such as cabbage, mushroom, onion, peas and beans did not exhibit significant differences.

"In the fruit sub-groups, a significant mean difference was observed in the consumption of berries and other fresh and canned fruits between normal and short sleepers. Conversely, for normal vs. long sleepers, the only significant difference was observed in apple consumption."

A relationship between fruit/vegetable intake and sleep duration categories, but not chronotypes

The researchers also observed that categories of sleep duration could indicate, to a minor extent, expected levels of fruit and vegetable intake. This aligns with results from a 2023 study in the International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity that found decreased fruit and vegetable intake among adolescents on the day following a night of short sleep duration.

This new study also found that chronotypes play a minimal role in the connection between intake of fruits and vegetables and sleep duration. The 2023 study had found no linkage between fruit and vegetable intake and chronotypes.

The researchers observe that overall, decreased intake of certain fruits and vegetables is linked to long and short sleep duration. They recommend more specific work in this area for improved insight.

"Targeted interventions focusing on [fruit and vegetable] sub-groups with pronounced associations, such as green leafy vegetables and fruit vegetables can lead to impactful behavior change. Additional research, particularly longitudinal studies, is needed to better understand these associations and their public health implications, especially in regions with similar population structures and dietary patterns to Finland," they conclude.

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Strong body, strong mind: Can exercise reduce your risk of Alzheimer's disease?

You know exercise is good for your heart, lungs, muscles, and bones, but recently experts are finding increasing evidence showing that exercise is good for your brain too – including reducing the risk of Alzheimer’s disease. 

What is Alzheimer's disease?

Whether choosing what to eat, discussing a book with a friend, or remembering where you left the car keys, the brain plays a vital role in your daily life. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of dementia. For those with Alzheimer’s, chemical changes occur in the brain leading to a buildup of plaques and decreased functioning of neurons. As Alzheimer’s progresses, the brain shrinks in size accompanied by a decline in cognitive function so severe it begins to affect an individual’s ability to perform daily tasks. Alzheimer’s affects an individual’s memory, thinking, and behavior. Symptoms tend to appear after age 60, although early-onset Alzheimer’s can occur in younger adults. Although the exact causes of Alzheimer’s are not fully understood, a combination of genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors are involved. This means that while you might have a genetic predisposition to develop Alzheimer’s, there are actions you can take to reduce your risk.

What are the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease?

• Memory loss – getting lost in familiar places or repeating questions
• Decreased thinking and reasoning – misplacing things or being unable to retrace your steps to find things
• Poor judgment and decision making
• Difficulty planning and performing familiar tasks
• Changes in personality and behavior 

Alzheimer's disease by the numbers

• In 2020, nearly 6 million Americans were living with Alzheimer’s disease
• Alzheimer’s is the 5th leading cause of death among adults aged 65 or older in the U.S.
• Black Americans are about twice as likely to develop Alzheimer’s than White Americans, yet Black Americans are about 35% less likely to be diagnosed
• The costs of treating Alzheimer’s in the U.S. is projected to amount to about $500 billion per year by 2040

How can exercise help reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease?

There is no cure for Alzheimer’s disease, but there are lifestyle behaviors you can adopt to reduce your risk, and regular exercise tops the list! 

Recent research shows that the risk of Alzheimer’s can be reduced by 45% with regular physical activity. If physical activity is not already part of your daily routine, even walking just 4,000 steps per day can reduce your risk. To learn more about how to use walking to prevent chronic disease and improve your health, read our Let’s Walk! blog post.

Tips for using exercise to reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease

• It’s never too late to start! You can reap the benefits of exercise and reduce your risk of developing Alzheimer’s at any age. Even individuals who have already been diagnosed with Alzheimer’s can use exercise to reduce symptoms and slow progression of the disease.
• Start small. Remember 4,000 steps is equivalent to about 40 minutes of walking, but this can be broken up throughout the day. A good place to start might be aiming for a 20-minute walk in the morning and evening.
• Everything counts. Physical activity doesn’t just happen in the gym. Finding ways to incorporate more movement into your day with activities such as gardening, walking the dog, and cleaning can all add up!
• Mix things up to stay motivated! Trying new activities, walking in different parts of your neighborhood or in different parks, and exercising with friends are all good strategies for keeping exercise fun.
• Stay consistent. Small consistent exercise habits will have a greater impact on your health than a few big gym sessions. Join a group fitness class or support group, find ways to build physical activity into your daily routine, choose exercise activities you enjoy, and track your progress and how you feel after exercising to help you stick with it!

As you age, there seems to be a longer and longer list of chronic diseases you need to watch out for – heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, cancer, and now Alzheimer’s too – it can all feel overwhelming. Luckily, regular exercise is one small habit that can reduce your risk for all these conditions! To learn more about using exercise to reduce the risk of chronic disease, check out our blog on using exercise to prevent or manage diabetes .

What exercise activity will you do today to reduce your risk of developing Alzheimer's? 

Additional resources

• National Institute on Aging: Alzheimer’s Disease Factsheet
• CDC: Alzheimer’s Disease and Healthy Aging
• ACSM’s Exercise is Medicine: Being Active with Alzheimer’s Disease  
• Move Your Way: Older Adults

About the authors

Albert Bang wrote this article as part of his Physical Activity Promotion internship with the Integrated Health Disparities program during the Spring 2024 semester. Albert is a 2024 graduate of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign where he earned his Bachelor of Science degree in Community Health.

Caitlin Fredericks is a statewide Physical Health Specialist. As part of the Integrated Health Disparities program, she provides education, programs, and resources to reduce health disparities in physical health. She is an ACSM certified personal trainer, an ACE certified group fitness instructor, and an Oh Baby! Fitness Pre/Postnatal Exercise Specialist. Caitlin has diverse experience working at the intersection of education and physical activity and is actively collaborating with local coalitions to strengthen our community. The Integrated Health Disparities program tackles health issues with an integrated lens of physical, mental, and community health providing programs and resources to address health inequalities.  

Health Insights Illinois

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