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How MIT OpenCourseWare became an educational resource to millions around the world

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“It is typical of our faculty to come up with something as bold and innovative as this," said then-MIT president Charles Vest at a special gathering of community members and press in April 2001. “OpenCourseWare looks counterintuitive in a market-driven world. It goes against the grain of current material values. But it really is consistent with what I believe is the best about MIT ... It expresses our belief in the way education can be advanced — by constantly widening access to information and by inspiring others to participate."

In the 20 years since it began, MIT OpenCourseWare has become a pillar of the open education community, an exemplar of the MIT ethos, and an invaluable resource to millions of learners around the world. People of all ages and all walks of life have used the lectures, videos, problem sets, and other content to pursue their curiosity and passions, improve their careers, and get a leg up in their studies. Now, the team looks to the future with a clear sense of purpose, informed by the learning needs underscored by the Covid-19 pandemic. 

OpenCourseWare launched during the early days of Web 2.0 and a growing — but highly commercialized — interest in e-learning. Charles Vest had commissioned the Lifelong Learning Committee, asking its members to propose an educational technology project that would extend MIT's reach beyond classrooms. That committee’s recommendation was to launch OpenCourseWare, a website offering all of MIT’s course materials, available for free to anyone. Within one year, OCW had published a pilot website with 50 courses and attracted worldwide acclaim. Today, OCW offers materials from over 2,570 courses spanning the MIT graduate and undergraduate curriculum, from 1,735 MIT faculty and lecturers​ from 33 academic units across all five schools, including syllabi, lecture notes, problem sets, assignments, and audiovisual content including recorded lectures. To date, OCW has been a resource for over 210 million unique users, with over 70 percent of users in 2020 coming from outside the United States.

Professor Dick KP Yue, who chaired the Lifelong Learning Committee, described the impetus for the project in the proposal: "In the digital age, institutions like MIT have a responsibility — and an opportunity — to impact learners far beyond their campuses. OCW embodies MIT's commitment to constantly widening access to knowledge."

The value of that commitment is borne out by learners who have shared their stories over the years — from Tooba Siddiqui in Pakistan, who had access to education through OCW when other doors were closed to her, to Anita Moreno in Nevada, who used OCW to keep up with her studies following a brain aneurysm. “I cannot emphasize enough how this site has boosted my confidence, that I am still able to comprehend and succeed in an engineering program,” says Moreno. 

Today, Professor Krishna Rajagopal, dean for digital learning, says, “It was the best thing MIT could have done at that moment for MIT and for the world."

A revolution in the making

From its modest and experimental beginning, OCW sparked a new era in the growing open-education movement. Beyond the courses themselves, OCW has had a broad impact on the way online learning resources have evolved in higher education, setting the template for other colleges and universities undertaking similar efforts and helping launch the open education resources (OER) revolution. 

”Free access to knowledge is a powerful foundation for progress,” says OCW Director Curt Newton, “but it’s not the whole picture. OER that lifts up everyone’s right to contribute to shared knowledge, and builds everyone’s capacity to extend that knowledge, is creating new paths for us to work together on the world’s most important, complex, and rapidly evolving challenges.”

It helps that OCW and Creative Commons share family bonds. Launched the same year, electrical engineering and computer science Professor Hal Abelson was a member of the founding teams for both, and helped arrange for OCW to be the first institutional project to use Creative Commons licenses, In turn, OCW’s early adoption of Creative Commons licenses helped demonstrate their usefulness and lent credence to the burgeoning open movement. 

In 2005, OCW helped launch the OpenCourseWare Consortium (now Open Education Global ), whose network of over 300 higher education institutions and related organizations have freely shared many thousands of courses, open textbooks, and other resources, and collaborated to foster widespread adoption of OERs.

At MIT, OCW has paved the way for other innovative new learning platforms, such as MITx and MicroMasters, Open Learning Library, and professional and executive learning programs. 

Integrating teachers into the experience of OCW was a key priority very early on. (Indeed, the faculty committee originally envisioned OCW as being used by educators almost exclusively — its widespread popularity among students and lifelong learners was a welcome surprise.) Educators around the world have shared their experiences of using OCW to master new content or inspire and engage students. In 2013, the team launched the OCW Educator program; now, hundreds of OCW courses include Instructor Insights sections where faculty share how they have taught their courses through text, video, and most recently, through the Chalk Radio podcast. 

“A core tenet of MIT’s mission is to create and share knowledge, empowering our own community and myriad others to bring this knowledge to bear on the world’s great challenges. From its inception, OpenCourseWare has offered a new and substantial way of realizing that mission in the 21st century,” says Rajagopal. “For individual learners, OCW is a means to expand understanding and satisfy curiosity, to support personal and professional goals, or change in their communities; for educators, it's a resource library to help augment and strengthen their curricula, enriching the experience of so many students; for educational organizations, it’s an invitation to nurture a shared commitment to open knowledge. OCW provides invaluable resources for millions and paves the way for others to contribute in their own ways to sharing and using knowledge for the betterment of humankind.”

Living legacy

The courses on OCW have also come to reflect the way that MIT, and its relationship with the world, has grown and changed over the last two decades. Perhaps it’s no surprise that 6.0001 (Introduction to Computer Science and Programming in Python) and 18.06 (Linear Algebra) are consistently among the most-viewed courses. But the ebb and flow of traffic on OpenCourseWare reflects topics in the zeitgeist, too. When Esther Duflo and Abhijit Banerjee won the Nobel Prize for Economics in 2019, Duflo’s OCW course “The Challenge of World Poverty” spiked in popularity as people all over the world sought to understand her worldview and learn from her. A similar spike occurred with Professor Gary Gensler’s graduate-level course “Blockchain and Money” when he was nominated to serve in the Biden administration earlier this year. 

As MIT faculty have endeavored to offer students a nuanced understanding of our complex world, so too have the materials on OCW grown more expansive. Learners around the world can now delve into “Ethics for Engineers: Artificial Intelligence,” “Queer Cinema and Visual Culture,” and “Black Matters: Introduction to Black History” alongside engineering, math, and science standbys. 

“As instructors, we’re excited about what we get to do in the classroom with our students, and also it’s wonderful to have the opportunity to expand beyond the classroom, and to actually make the material that we develop for students available more broadly,” says Amah Edoh, assistant professor of anthropology and African studies and a member of the OCW Faculty Advisory Committee, whose courses “Africa and the Politics of Knowledge” and “Global Africa: Creative Cultures” are on OCW.

She also appreciates the role OCW plays in sharing MIT expertise with the world beyond engineering and science. “My particular investment in this has been around making African studies more visible at MIT ... It really changes the image, the idea that others have of MIT. I think it’s particularly important to show that we also have courses in African studies specifically. Oftentimes Africa, African countries, African people are seen not as agents, but rather as a space where you go to solve problems. So to show that we can engage knowledge production in and on Africa critically, to me is very important.” 

In capturing course materials and videos, OCW does more than open windows into MIT for global learners; it also provides a unique, living archive of teaching at MIT. Alumni can revisit favorite classes or share them with colleagues, peers, or kids looking into college. High-schoolers can get a sense of what courses in different fields will entail. Faculty whose course materials are preserved on OCW have an artifact of their teaching legacy, for everyone, forever. Consider “How to Speak,” a OCW video of the late Professor Patrick Winston’s beloved Independent Activities Period course, which he taught for 40 years before passing away in 2019; posted in December 2019, it has now been viewed 3.3 million times.

Looking forward

OpenCourseWare enters its third decade on the heels of unprecedented global disruption. During the first months of the Covid-19 pandemic, when schools and businesses closed and billions of people around the world sheltered in place at home, traffic to OCW spiked to 2.2 million visits a month, a 75 percent increase from 2019. Since then, site visits have settled into a 15 percent uptick in use. More importantly, the massive shift to remote and hybrid learning over the past year has brought into sharp relief both the opportunities of online education and the disparities of access, technology, and equity for learners everywhere. In charting a course for the future, the OCW team has the opportunity to draw on 20 years of experience in addressing the issues brought to the fore in 2020. 

“The first years of OCW have been primarily about the power of access,” says Newton. “A core principle of where we’re heading in our upcoming program is the progression from giving access to knowledge to really driving towards educational equity.”

Later this year, OpenCourseWare will launch its NextGen platform and program. Its three principal aims are offering a vibrant reflection of MIT education as it evolves, delivering a more user-focused design and experience, and broadening access and usability to a larger global population. The NextGen platform will support a more dynamic experience of OCW’s robust multimedia content, allowing users to seamlessly search, browse, download, remix, and redistribute all materials more easily. Individuals can get a sneak peek of the new OCW and sign up to be a beta tester .

Another major pillar of the NextGen platform is mobile optimization, a user-friendly interface to provide readable, searchable content on any device. With 92.6 percent of internet users around the world using mobile devices at least some of the time, and with smartphone use growing at a rate of 7 percent per year, this change represents not only a catch-up to current need but also a purposeful approach to finding and engaging with future learners. 

“As we look at the next year, five years, 20 years of OpenCourseWare, our goal is to keep pace with the evolving artifacts of MIT teaching and learning, offering the best possible experience to our growing community of learners,” says Newton. “We are also committed to continually reinvesting in the OER community — working collaboratively to share resources and engage with the people and organizations at the vanguard of access and equity in education.”

MIT Open Learning will host an online celebration of OpenCourseWare’s 20th anniversary on Wednesday, April 7, from noon to 1 p.m. EDT featuring OCW leadership, MIT faculty, and learners sharing stories and ideas about the past, present, and future of open education, at MIT and beyond.

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Learners from anywhere in the world can enroll in a course of their choosing and learn at no cost, or aim to earn a certificate of completion for a low fee. MITx courses are educational experiences that include interactions, such as problems that provide immediate feedback, discussion forums, videos, readings, and tools that deepen their learning.

MITx also supports the use of digital learning tools and techniques on the MIT campus. We are committed to leveraging best practices in emerging digital and scalable learning environments in our online courses to help learners everywhere succeed.

We celebrate ten years of MITx by sharing the impact of MITx MOOCs, teaching and learning breakthroughs, and the stunning scale of access and equity enabled by these open courses. To learn more, please visit: https://learn-mitxonline.mit.edu/celebrating-10-years-of-mitx .

How do I sign up for an MITx course?

Visit our course catalog to see our entire set of offerings, and click any link to view the enrollment page. You’ll see all of the important details about the course, and have the opportunity to enroll. Courses are offered on MITx Online and edx.org.  In order to enroll in courses on edx.org you’ll need to create an edX account . For courses on MITx Online you will need to create an MITx Online account to enroll. Once you select Enroll Now, you can select the certificate track or enroll for free in the audit track, and choose to upgrade to the certificate track later. 

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A desire to learn is required and you’ll find prerequisites listed in each course. You may also consider reviewing free and open MIT course materials on MIT OpenCourseWare  or on MIT Open Learning Library.

What if I cannot afford the cost of a certificate?

Certain courses provide have financial assistance for those who may not be able to afford the certificate fee. On edx, learn more here . For MITx Online courses you will see if financial assistance is available on the about page. 

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Open Learning: What It Is and How You Can Benefit

Open Learning: What It Is and How You Can Benefit

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There’s a mounting pressure on today’s colleges and universities to demonstrate their worth. As tuition costs continue to climb, affordability is becoming a bigger barrier to access in higher education.

In response, dozens of institutions are rethinking how they deliver education by democratizing access to textbooks, lesson plans, and even courses themselves. It’s a movement called open learning that enables students to have greater control over what they learn, where, and when.

What Is Open Learning?

The goal of open learning is to broaden access to education, which can be done in a variety of ways.  Gail Matthews-DeNatale, lecturer for Northeastern’s Master of Education in Higher Education Administration program and associate director at the Center for Advanced Teaching and Learning Through Research , breaks open learning down into three dimensions:

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  • Open educational resources
  • Open pedagogies

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“There’s this larger value system at play in open learning, including a concern for access, accountability, and affordability,” Matthews-DeNatale says. “If you look at higher education, those are the big issues that everyone is trying to figure out.”

Here is a closer look at how those issues are being addressed through the three dimensions of open learning.

Open Courses

Open courses are what most people typically think about when they hear “open learning”—particularly massive open online courses (MOOCs). As opposed to traditional online models, MOOCs are free and available to anyone with an internet connection. Six years ago, when MOOCs were at their height, enrollments could exceed 230,000 , although the typical class size averaged 25,000 students. Only 15 percent typically completed their courses, however, causing many to question MOOCs’ effectiveness.

“A number of early providers made basic mistakes in relation to online learning, such as focusing solely on content instead of creating opportunities for students to interact with each other or their teacher,” Matthews-DeNatale says. “But MOOCs did put on everyone’s radar the value of learning experiences that are open in a different kind of way.”

Since then, multiple colleges and universities have introduced derivatives of MOOCs , such as “ MicroMasters ”—online graduate-level courses centered around a particular field of study that can be applied toward a full master’s degree program—and Teach-Outs , which are short learning experiences focused on a specific current issue. Through these different offerings, institutions can engage with a broader base of students in ways that are more affordable and attainable for the learner.

Says Matthews-DeNatale:

One thing people say about MOOCs is, “People didn’t finish,” but the question is, “Are we using a traditional educational lens to judge that learning experience?” If we have on-ramps where people can dabble with something and say, “Now that I’ve done this, I want a more formal relationship with that domain,” that’s great. Perhaps it’s also OK for students to stop after they have gotten to the level of learning that meets their present interests and needs, without pursuing credit or a degree.

Open Educational Resources

Open educational resources (OER) also enable students to tap into and explore a field of study in a more approachable, cost-effective way.

Matthews-DeNatale defines OERs as “high quality online resources that are made available by experts in the field at no cost.” Rather than ask students to spend an average $1,285 on textbooks per year, professors are utilizing content that’s available either under open licensing or in the public domain. By not committing to a singular textbook, faculty have more flexibility to customize their course resources. In turn, learners receive a deeper, more personalized education that’s been shown to improve access and student outcomes .

To ensure OERs are of high quality, guides such as the CARE Framework and TEMOA Rubric have been created to help educators benchmark and evaluate the quality of open resources.

Some colleges and universities are now looking at how they can better support faculty in the use of OERs. Matthews-DeNatale highlights The State University of New York’s (SUNY) OER Services , which provides access to openly licensed textbooks and courses developed by SUNY faculty, as well as OpenStax , a nonprofit started by Rice University to provide educators with access to open resources.

Open Pedagogies

Educators can take the concept of openness one step further by pursuing open pedagogy, which Matthews-DeNatale describes as “engaging students in real work that they can share beyond the boundaries of the classroom.”

David Wiley, a thought leader in open learning, suggests faculty transition from “ disposable assignments ,” which students throw away upon receiving a grade, to “renewable assignments,” which challenge students to create materials that can be shared with the public.

In Matthews-DeNatale’s class, students are tasked with creating learning experiences that would be beneficial in their own environment. One professional who worked in financial aid, for example, created a two-week online experience to help undergraduates and their peer mentors learn how to make informed decisions on complex student loan repayment options.

“She turned around and used the mini-course immediately in her workplace,” Matthews-DeNatale says, “but it was also an online resource that would be helpful for anyone throughout the nation. The idea is: How can we create content that would also be useful for other people that we can give away?”

The Benefits of Open Learning

Open learning is helping democratize education, by making it more affordable, accessible, and attainable to students, no matter their location or income level. It also helps students explore new industries before investing in an often costly, more formal education.

“I think we are just beginning to tap into the opportunities made possible through the open approach,” Matthews-DeNatale says. “Open learning could be a key component to solving some of the hardest problems in education.”

In an open education system, every professional can pursue lifelong learning.

If you’re interested in learning more about open learning, explore Northeastern’s Master of Education in Higher Education Administration program or download the guide below to discover other opportunities within the field.

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If you're thinking of pursuing a career in education with children aged 3–11 or taking the first steps to becoming a primary school teacher, choosing an Open University education course is a smart move. Find out more about our education qualifications below.

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Education Degrees  Degrees Also known as an undergraduate or bachelors degree. Internationally respected, universally understood. An essential requirement for many high-level jobs. Gain a thorough understanding of your subject – and the tools to investigate, think critically, form reasoned arguments, solve problems and communicate effectively in new contexts. Progress to higher level study, such as a postgraduate diploma or masters degree.

  • Credits measure the student workload required for the successful completion of a module or qualification.
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  • For example, if you study a 60-credit module and successfully pass it, you will be awarded 60 credits.

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Education Diplomas  Diplomas Widely recognised qualification. Equivalent to the first two thirds of an honours degree. Enhance your professional and technical skills or extend your knowledge and understanding of a subject. Study for interest or career development. Top up to a full honours degree in just two years.

Education certificates  certificates widely recognised qualification. equivalent to the first third of an honours degree. study for interest or career development. shows that you can study successfully at university level. count it towards further qualifications such as a diphe or honours degree., why study education with the open university.

You'll gain a sound foundation of further study relevant for a range of roles within education. Our primary education courses are suitable if you're working, volunteering or seeking to work in schools or in the wider education sector.

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Our education qualifications will give you a foundation for a range of roles relating to primary education, including helping you prepare to apply for teacher training. They're also relevant to other careers within childcare, health, education, play work and working with families and young people.

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What are open education resources (oer), why it's important to use oer.

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This Open Education Resources (OER) guide gives an overview to the Open Education movement, resources, and how educators can use OER's effectively. "For too long, our educational systems have operated with a fundamental disconnect between practices left over from the analog world, and the vast potential of technology and the Internet to support more affordable, effective teaching and learning. The movement for Open Education seeks to close this gap." 

This guide is meant for educators and students from the Harvard Graduate School of Education. While it is meant to be introductory, it is not a complete overview of OER. For any questions, please contact Quetzalli Barrientos (OER Librarian). 

Open Educational Resources (OER) are teaching, learning, and research materials--digital or print that are in the public domain or have been released under an open license that allows no-cost access, use adaptation, redistribution by others with limited or no restrictions. 

"Open" permissions are defined as the "5Rs": 

  • Retain 
  • Redistribute

OER examples include: Syllabi, worksheets, open textbooks, lesson plans, etc. 

Are OER and OA (Open Access) the same thing? OA means that it is freely available, published digitally online, and has few restrictions on its use or reproduction (definition provided by the Open Access Publishing research guide at Harvard Countway Library)

OER is important to use because: 

  • Textbooks costs should not be a barrier for education
  • Students who use OER are most likely to do better in school
  • Technology holds the potential to improve learning and teaching
  • Better education=Better future 

The above is taken from SPARC: Open Education . 

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What is open education?

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Open education is a philosophy about the way people should produce, share, and build on knowledge.

Proponents of open education believe everyone in the world should have access to high-quality educational experiences and resources, and they work to eliminate barriers to this goal. Such barriers might include high monetary costs, outdated or obsolete materials, and legal mechanisms that prevent collaboration among scholars and educators.

Promoting collaboration is central to open education. As the Open Education Consortium says : "sharing is probably the most basic characteristic of education: education is sharing knowledge, insights and information with others, upon which new knowledge, skills, ideas and understanding can be built."

What are open educational resources?

Open educational resources (OERs) are learning materials that can be modified and enhanced because their creators have given others permission to do so. The individuals or organizations that create OERs—which can include materials like presentation slides, podcasts, syllabi, images, lesson plans, lecture videos, maps, worksheets, and even entire textbooks—waive some (if not all) of the copyright associated with their works, typically via legal tools like Creative Commons licenses , so others can freely access, reuse, translate, and modify them.

Why are open educational resources beneficial?

Applying open licenses to educational materials allows educators to collaborate when building materials specifically differentiated for their students. For example, a mathematics teacher might acquire openly-licensed word problems for her students, but re-write the exercises to include language that is more geographically specific or demographically relevant. In turn, she can share her modified problems with others who may wish to use them.

At the same time, collaborating on OERs allows educators to work together when ensuring consistency among their materials. Public school teachers in the United States, for instance, may wish to share resources they've developed in order to adhere to government-mandated educational standards, like the Common Core State Standards .

Some educators suggest that OERs might help reduce costs associated with producing and distributing course materials in both primary and secondary educational institutions. Teachers can download these materials—often at low costs—for use in their classrooms, but they can also update these materials and share their contributions with others, keeping content timely, relevant, and accurate. In this way, they needn't wait for textbook companies to issue entirely new editions of their (traditionally copyrighted) learning materials.

Students also benefit from open educational resources when they access these materials to supplement the education they might receive in a classroom. Some students do not have access to a high-quality education, but using OERs affords them opportunities to enhance their knowledge independently—in spite of the barriers preventing them from acquiring the knowledge and skills they seek.

Open educational resources are most useful when educators distribute them in open formats , so teachers and students can use those resources regardless of the particular technical platforms their schools have adopted. Projects like the OER Commons act as repositories for high-quality open educational resources.

What are MOOCs?

Massive open online courses (MOOCs) are online courses accessible to anyone with a computer and access to the Internet. People call these courses "massive" because their enrollment is open to more students than traditional educational institutions might permit—meaning that hundreds (even thousands) of students might participate in a particular MOOC. Today, many colleges and universities have joined organizations committed to providing high-quality education through MOOCs.

One example is edX , a non-profit education partnership that in 2012 grew from a collaboration between MIT and Harvard (Stanford joined the effort in 2013 , and now several dozen colleges and universities from around the world have, too). edX offers students tuition-free opportunities to enroll in courses on a variety of subjects from instructors across the globe. Students register, attend, and complete their classes online. In 2013, edX released the source code for its online learning platform, so programmers could download and help improve it. Others could even use it to build their own education platforms.

Similar online educational ventures include K han Academy and Coursera . The extent to which various MOOCs license their course materials for remixing and reusing differs from one institution to another.

How do open education principles apply to academic research?

Proponents of open education have scrutinized and criticized both the academic publishing process and the academic publishing industry.

They suggest that academic peer review—the process by which professional knowledge producers evaluate one another's work, often anonymously—become more transparent, so readers can better understand how and why, for example, scientists have deemed a certain study suitable for publication in an academic journal, or spot flaws in their methods or conclusions. Transparency in academic peer review also ensures that reviewers' motives when evaluating research are laid bare.

Open education principles are also impacting the academic publishing industry through "open access" movements . Often, researchers must relinquish the copyrights they hold on their work when they agree to let journals publish it. Journal publishers then charge individual readers and libraries fees for access to these scholarly materials. These fees are typically very high; many researchers and librarians claim they limit access to important research to people capable of paying for it . Consequently, scientists and other university researchers cannot access the materials they need—to learn about new developments in their fields, or to read, replicate, and verify others' findings.

Dissatisfaction with limitations on access to research has spurred various " open access " movements in higher education. Some institutions have adopted open access policies to grant the public access to research materials. The Public Knowledge Project maintains an open source publishing platform called Open Journal Systems , which editorial teams can use to referee and publish (largely open access) academic journals outside the traditional publishing system. In the United States, states like California have proposed legislation requiring peer-reviewed research funded by taxpayer money to be made accessible to anyone who wishes to read it. The White House has also indicated that it supports open access to academic research.

Where can I learn more about open education?

We recommend exploring resources available from the Open Education Consortium , Open Education Europa , the OER Commons , and Opensource.com .

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WRIC ABC 8News

Documents reveal proposed changes to Virginia’s African American history course

by: Dean Mirshahi

Posted: Jun 25, 2024 / 11:16 AM EDT

Updated: Jun 25, 2024 / 11:16 AM EDT

None of the recommended changes to the elective class -- which more than 1,700 Virginia students enrolled in last school year -- have been made or are scheduled to be, the education department said.

RICHMOND, Va. (WRIC) — Virginia’s Department of Education proposed removing content on “implicit bias” and swapping terms such as “racism” with “discriminatory practices” for a high school-level African American history elective course offered at 89 schools, documents show.

Dozens of recommended revisions to the course’s content and curriculum outline were disclosed in documents obtained by the nonpartisan watchdog nonprofit American Oversight through a public records request and first shared with The Washington Post .

The recommended changes to the class have not been implemented and are not “scheduled to take place at this time” as the course is still being reviewed by state education department leadership, spokesperson Todd Reid told 8News Monday.

Virginia’s education department’s history team staff reviewed the course’s compliance with Republican Gov. Glenn Youngkin’s first executive order banning “the use of inherently divisive concepts” in K-12 schools, Reid said.

The proposed changes to the class cover an array of topics, per the records shared with 8News, from the evolution of racism in the U.S., Richmond’s role in the slave trade, economic disparity and privilege, redlining, systemic racism, and the Black Lives Matter movement to the size of Africa on the map.

Former Gov. Ralph Northam (D) ordered the creation of the course , establishing a commission to develop the class . More than 1,700 students enrolled in the class last school year, Reid said, and it is offered at 89 schools across 45 divisions in Virginia.

American Oversight asked the Virginia Department of Education for records on policies that “ended,” materials that were removed and public education curriculum changes that came from Youngkin’s executive order.

Among some of the dozens of proposed changes, Youngkin’s education department recommended removing a definition of “Black joy,” content on equity and implicit bias and the sentence “Institutional racism remains” from one of the course’s learning objectives.

Department staff, the documents show, also proposed removing the sentence “Racism has shaped the public and private institutions in the United States” from the course’s content.

Terms and phrases such as “rise of racism,” “institutional racism” and “white supremacy” were also recommended to be replaced with “discriminatory practices” and “racial violence,” per the documents.

“These documents show the same pattern of attempts to whitewash and erase America’s legacy of racism that we’ve seen in other states, like Florida,” American Oversight interim executive director Chioma Chukwu said in a statement.

The course is a “full exploration of African American history” with a “specific emphasis on Virginia” that doesn’t shy away from the “good and bad” parts of history, Reid said. Youngkin has often noted an identical sentiment on teaching the “good and bad” while addressing history in classrooms.

Another recommended change was deleting a paragraph from the course’s lesson on “Economic Disparity and Privilege”: “Though there were protective laws in place, African Americans faced, and continue to face, political, economic, and social challenges due to institutional racism and issues of privilege. Privilege is when a group or individual has an advantage because of money, power, education, social status, or another characteristic, like race. In the United States, white privilege refers to the advantage that white individuals have over minorities because of centuries of racism and oppression. Individuals who benefit from privilege, may not seek or be aware of this privilege, but it exists. Such privilege over any marginalized group can provide advantages in grading, college acceptances, job hiring, healthcare, housing, law enforcement, or other situations.”

Per the documents, education department staff also proposed altering the language for the course on societal and economic changes after Reconstruction that said “mostly-white legislatures in the South created restrictive laws for African Americans” to “state legislatures in the South created restrictive laws for African Americans.”

Other notable proposed revisions to the course, per the documents

  • One of the course’s initial learning objectives stated : “Investigate and understand that the University of Virginia was an institution on the forefront of [the] Eugenics movement and that the Commonwealth used this pseudo-science to control African Americans.
  • Recommended change : “Investigate and describe the Eugenics movement and [how] the Commonwealth used it.”
  • Course’s online module on “Race, Riots, and Voices of Protests (1965-1968) : Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. argued that “ white moderates ” were the great stumbling block to progress.
  • Recommended change : “white moderates” to “those moderates.”

“While those in power have supposedly sought to shield students from ‘divisive concepts,’ it is clear that such measures are about protecting partisan interests and not about protecting children,” Chukwu’s statement continued.

The proposed changes to the course underscore the effort from Gov. Youngkin and Republicans in other states to focus on classroom lessons about race, history and gender, and to ban critical race theory — an academic framework based on the idea that racism is systemic and is perpetuated in society – from their education systems.

In 2023, Youngkin asked for a review of a proposed Advanced Placement African American studies course rejected by Florida to find whether it complied with the executive order banning the teaching of “ inherently divisive concepts .” The education department found it did .

Shortly after being sworn into office, Youngkin asked parents to use a tip line to share any “inherently divisive practices” in schools with his administration. The governor faced backlash over his promotion of the tip line and lawsuits seeking records of the tips sent in.  

Youngkin’s administration also faced backlash over the education department’s revisions for K-12 history and social science learning standards , drawing criticism over the process of complaints that drafts whitewashed history and were created with the help of conservative-leaning educational groups and think tanks.

Reid said because the class was created through a directive by Gov. Northam and the education department doesn’t create courses, the elective course is “the only one of its kind.” This, Reid said, means there is no standard or established process for reviewing the course.

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Indira Gandhi National Open University - [IGNOU]

New Delhi IGNOU Courses & Fees Master in Social Work [MSW]

Indira Gandhi National Open University - [IGNOU]

Master in Social Work [MSW] (Part Time) From IGNOU, New Delhi

Year12
Tution fees₹18000₹18000
Total Year Wise fees

IGNOU Upcoming Application Dates 2024

Expired events.

EventsDates
Last Date to Apply (MSW)Mar 31, 2024

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Eligibility Criteria

The candidate should have passed Bachelor’s Degree or a higher degree from a recognized University

Course Details

IGNOU MSW admission 2024 for the July session has been started. The last date to apply is July 15, 2024. Interested candidates can apply online on the official website of IGNOU @ignou.ac.in. Admissions will be granted based on marks secured in the qualifying examination. Check  IGNOU Admission 2024 

IGNOU  offers Master of Social Work program at the postgraduate level for a minimum duration of two years and it can be extended up to five years. Candidates having a bachelor’s degree from any recognized university are eligible for admission to the course. MSW is offered by the School of Social Work, IGNOU, is unique and innovative in many respects.  Check IGNOU Admission Status

  • I GNOU MSW Admission Dates
  • I GNOU MSW Course Details
  • IGNOU MSW Admission Keypoints

IGNOU MSW Program Structure

  • IGNOU MSW Study Material
  • IGNOU MSW Assignment
  • IGNOU MSW Application Process

IGNOU Admission Dates 

Event Dates
IGNOU admission 2023 July Session Last Date July 15, 2024

IGNOU MSW Course Details 

Masters in Social Work(MSW) is a postgraduate course that uses social sciences, sociology, psychology, political science, public health, community development, law, and economics to solve problems at individual and community levels. It encompasses 14 subjects for which there are annual exams.

Minimum Duration 2 years
Maximum Duration 5 years
Eligibility Any Bachelor Degree from any recognized university
Course Fee INR 32,400
Minimum Age No Bar
Maximum Age No Bar

Note: Course Fee: INR 32,400 for the full program to be paid year wise @ INR 16,200 per year (Subject to change from time to time as per University norms)

Check   IGNOU Courses

IGNOU MSW Admission Keypoints 

  • The candidates are advised to download the prospectus and read the instructions carefully before filling up the form
  • The candidates should remember their Username and Password for subsequent login
  • Credit Card (Master/Visa)
  • Debit Card (Master/Visa/Rupay)
  • Net Banking
  • ATM Card (PNB)

The University follows the credit system for its Master’s Degree Programme. Each credit amounts to 30 hours of study comprising all learning activities. Thus, a 4 credit course involves 120 study hours, a 6 credit course involves 180 study hours and 10 credit course involves 300 study hours. To successfully complete the MSW program, you will have to earn 66 credits over a period of 2 to 5 years depending on your convenience.

The Master’s Degree Programme in MSW has three major components: 1. Compulsory Papers 38 Credits 2. Optional Papers 8 Credits 3. Field Work 20 Credits Total 66 Credits

Compulsory Papers

The students have to earn 38 credits in Compulsory papers. The list of compulsory courses is given below.

Course Code Course Title Credit
MSW-001 Origin and Development of Social Work (Theory) 4
MSW-002 Professional Social Work: Indian Perspectives (Theory) 4
MSW-003 Basic Social Science Concepts 4
MSW-004 Social Work and Social Development (Theory) 4
MSW-005 Social Work Practicum and Supervision (Theory) 4
MSW-006 Social Work Research (Theory)  6
MSW-007 Case Work and Counselling: Working with individuals 4
MSW-008 Social Group Work: Working with groups 4
MSW-009 Community Organization Management for Community Development  4

Optional courses in social work

These courses are opted in second year of the MSW program.

Course Code Course Title Credit
MSWE-001 HIV/AIDS: Stigma, Discrimination, and Prevention 4
MSWE-002 Women and Child Development 4
MSWE-002 Disaster Management 4
MSW-010 Introduction to Philanthropic Social Work 4
MSWP-001 Dissertation (Project Work)  6

Course Code Course Title Credit MSWE-001 HIV/AIDS: Stigma, Discrimination, and Prevention 4 MSWE-002 Women and Child Development 4 MSWE-002 Disaster Management 4 MSW-010 Introduction to Philanthropic Social Work 4 MSWP-001 Dissertation (Project Work)  6 Course Code Course Title Credit MSWE-001 HIV/AIDS: Stigma, Discrimination, and Prevention 4 MSWE-002 Women and Child Development 4 MSWE-002 Disaster Management 4 MSW-010 Introduction to Philanthropic Social Work 4 MSWP-001 Dissertation (Project Work)  6

Additional optional courses will be offered at a later stage.

Field Work Components

The third component of the MSW program is the Field Work Practicum. The University has prepared two Field Work Journals for the 1st and 2nd year separately. Each year you are expected to successfully complete 10 credits of Field Work Practicum under the guidance of a professionally qualified Social Worker.

Therefore ensure from the coordinator at the study center that your supervisor has formal qualifications in social work at the post-graduation level. Completion of Field Work in MSW Ist year is mandatory for starting the social work practicum of the second year.

List of Field Work Components

Course_Code Year Title Credits
MSWL-001 1st year Social Work Practicum-I (Practical) 10
MSWL-002 2nd year Social Work Practicum-II (Practical) 10

“In case a student wants to have assignments, he/she can obtain a copy of the same from the Study Centre or Regional Centre or may download it from the IGNOU website.

Also check   IGNOU Result

IGNOU MSW Study Materials

IGNOU provides study material to students free of cost. Here are the links for MSW study materials that are tabulated below. Students can easily download or view the study material from here without any registration. It will help students to understand & get a clear idea about the course curriculum.

Course Name Click to Download

IGNOU MSW Assignments 

Assignments constitute continuous evaluation. The marks that you secure in the assignments will be counted in your final result. As mentioned earlier, an assignment of a course carries 30% weightage. You are therefore advised to take your assignment seriously. 

Non Submission of Assignment

The TMA for each semester can be downloaded from the Student Zone of the University website. You have to complete the assignment within the due dates specified in the assignment booklet. You will not be allowed to appear for the term-end examination for any course if you do not submit the assignment in time for that course. If you appear in the term-end examination, without submitting the assignments, the result of the term-end examination is liable to be canceled.

Read More:   IGNOU Assignment

IGNOU MSW Application Process 2023

IGNOU offers admission to MSW courses on basis of percentage scored in bachelor degree. The application procedure is online and one can get admission through online mode only.

Application steps in MSW Courses

  • Visit the IGNOU Website.
  • Fill the form for new registration if you are not a registered candidate.
  • Select your course, and note down its Course ID.
  • Next, click on “Application”
  • Fill the form for the candidate’s application.
  • Pay the course fees for one year.
  • Upload the required documents.
  • Click on the submit button.
  • Your application is provisionally accepted. 

Note: After verifying all the details, and documents, your application will be finally accepted by the authorities and your admission will be confirmed.

Click here   IGNOU Admissions

IGNOU MSW FAQs

Ques. How many credits are there in MSW Program?

Ques. What to do if you do not receive the study material in time?

Ques. If a student does not appear for the first year exam, is he eligible to register for the second year examination?

Ques. What is the evaluation scheme for MSW Course in IGNOU?

Ques. What are the minimum marks required for passing theory marks?

Ques. What is the grading system for the evaluation of marks?

Master in Social Work [MSW] Comparison

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Popular courses:, ignou: 1 answered question, is an msw from ignou university beneficial or not.

No. If you want proper exposure you should opt for MSW from a regular college. Only bookish knowledge is not enough for MSW. This is because when you work on some real business you fail to connect the dots and apply the knowledge practically.

Proper practical exposure teaches you a lot more than just books. It prepares you for the worst-case scenario. The trick is to gain knowledge in the best possible way to gain the maximum benefits.

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KXAN Austin

Coalition petitions Texas’ education board to adopt American Indian/Native studies course

by: Cora Neas

Posted: Jun 28, 2024 / 03:51 PM CDT

Updated: Jul 1, 2024 / 09:36 AM CDT

AUSTIN (KXAN) — A coalition of native tribes, community groups and educational advocates held a press conference Friday, where they discussed their desire for the Texas State Board of Education (SBOE) to consider adopting an American Indian/Native Studies (AINS) course for use in Texas schools.

“We’re here to stand up for this course,” said Orlando Lara, with the Ethnic Studies Network of Texas. “The course has a lot of support. Numerically, compared to Mexican Americans and African Americans, this isn’t a huge community; but it’s being asked to do so much more to prove its worth.”

open course education

The course was developed in 2019, after the SBOE called for the creation of four “ethnic studies” courses, according to a petition from the Ethnic Studies Network of Texas . It was placed on the SBOE’s agenda for January 2024 but had been repeatedly moved ahead without action from the board.

“It was radio silence from the SBOE. We know that the Democrats on the board are supportive of the course, and in the past few weeks we’ve started to hear from the Conservative members. We believe we can start a conversation with them.” Lara said. “We have good reason to believe that there’s bipartisan support for the course, but that this information may be new to many people.”

The SBOE said it would provide a statement about the petition next week. KXAN also reached out to the Texas Education Agency for comment, but it explained curriculum decisions did not fall under its purview.

open course education

Previously, the SBOE adopted a Mexican American Studies course and an African-American Studies course. An Asian American/Pacific Islander Studies course is also pending approval from the agency.

“Indigenous people have a human right to have access to their history,” said Lara, citing the United Nations’ Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. “Native and non-native students have a civil right to information that could help them succeed academically.”

The SBOE has approved use of the AINS curriculum until 2025 as part of its “innovative courses” program . That curriculum can be read below:

However, the network wants a more permanent status for the course. Ramon Vasquez, member of the Auteca Paguame Tribe of the Tap Pilam Coahuiltecan Nation , said that the course would greatly benefit the state’s Native students.

open course education

“In a lot of states, there are Indigenous education support departments,” he said. “That’s what this is about, is how do we give kids access to education about what’s significant to Native people?”

The coalition’s petition currently has 1,652 signatures, as well as endorsements from tribal councils, elected officials and non-partner organizations.

“It has been a tremendous effort across the state, relatives have been zooming in over the years to get this done, even through the pandemic,” Vasquez said. “I come from a community that is fighting to revitalize itself.”

Vasquez said that he’s concerned SBOE members are delaying action on the course due to upcoming elections.

“Pushing it off makes sense as a political move — if it’s off their shoulders, off their plate, then they don’t have to worry about it anymore,” Vasquez said.

As for next steps, Lara said the network plans to continue advocating for the course’s adoption.

“We’ve asked them what they want us to do. We’re going to renew our submitted proposal,” he said. “At the same time, the board is still able to act on the course. It shouldn’t be a highly contentious process.”

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Elektrostal , city, Moscow oblast (province), western Russia . It lies 36 miles (58 km) east of Moscow city. The name, meaning “electric steel,” derives from the high-quality-steel industry established there soon after the October Revolution in 1917. During World War II , parts of the heavy-machine-building industry were relocated there from Ukraine, and Elektrostal is now a centre for the production of metallurgical equipment. Pop. (2006 est.) 146,189.

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Private PU colleges continue to illegally charge exorbitant fees in the name of integrated courses

Parents complained that compared to the previous year, some private colleges had increased the fees by 100% this year for ii pu courses while some colleges were charging huge fees for conducting integrated courses right from i pu.

Updated - July 01, 2024 06:33 pm IST

Published - June 30, 2024 04:40 pm IST - Bengaluru

Jayanth R

Parents complain that compared to the previous year, some private colleges have increased the fees by 100% this year for the II PU courses. | Photo Credit: MURALI KUMAR K

Private pre-university colleges (PU colleges) are allegedly still charging double the fees for Science courses in the name of integrated courses, angering parents.

Parents complained that compared to the previous year, some private colleges had allegedly increased the fees by 100% this year for II PU courses, and some were charging huge amounts for conducting integrated courses right from I PU.

The Department of School Education (Pre-University), in the admission guidelines issued every year, had restricted PU colleges from conducting integrated courses.

The guidelines would say that PU colleges teaching students in the name of CET, NEET, JEE, and others illegally by charging more than the prescribed fee, illegally joining with other organisations or with the help of resource persons other than the lecturers of the college or with the help of electronic media will have their recognition cancelled, in addition to legal action against the principals and governing bodies of the said institutions.

However, the department stopped issuing this warning in the guidelines over the last two years. Capitalising on this, private colleges have been exploiting students and parents by hiking the fees, the parents alleged.

“A small private PU college in Vijayanagar had charged around ₹75,000 per annum for my daughter for I PU Science course. But this year, for II PU they are asking ₹1.5 lakh per annum in the name of integrated courses. They are saying they will coach her for CET, NEET, JEE at the college level. I objected to the fee hike but they threatened to withdraw the admission,” a parent alleged.

PU classes started across Karnataka from June 1. This time, class 10 results have seen a drop of 10.49% compared to the previous year, and 2.23 lakh students with low scores have recently faced annual exam-2. Hence, admissions for PU courses are slow.

Lack of action, fee control

Earlier, the State government had tried to regulate fees of private schools and private college under the Karnataka Education Act, 1983. However, this Act has been challenged by some private schools in the Supreme Court and the case is still pending. As a result, there is no fee regulation in the State and private educational institutions are randomly increasing the fee every year.

The department has also failed to take action against the PU colleges charging high fees in the name of integrated courses.

“Some reputed centres are providing JEE, NEET coaching charging a huge amount of fee. Students are being admitted to colleges on this pretext and given training with hostel facilities. However, some private PU colleges are making money and exploiting children and parents by running integrated courses illegally,” said Rajesh gowda, a parent from Bengaluru.

“Last time, in the name of integrated courses, a private college charged ₹1.10 lakh for the II PU Science course for my son. But, it failed to train the students properly and even stopped the training when the II PUC annual examination commenced. No matter how much the parents insisted, only one guide book was given to the students and the college was closed. As a result, my son got 2 lakh rank in CET and 17 lakh rank in NEET. Integrated courses are just a scam to extort money from parents,” alleged Mahalakshmi D.R., another parent.

Speaking to The Hindu , Sindhu B. Rupesh, Director of School Education (Pre-University), said, “The department has not given permission to PU colleges to run integrated courses. If there are any complaints, appropriate legal action will be taken.”

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    Elektrostal, city, Moscow oblast (province), western Russia.It lies 36 miles (58 km) east of Moscow city. The name, meaning "electric steel," derives from the high-quality-steel industry established there soon after the October Revolution in 1917. During World War II, parts of the heavy-machine-building industry were relocated there from Ukraine, and Elektrostal is now a centre for the ...

  25. Elektrostal

    In 1938, it was granted town status. [citation needed]Administrative and municipal status. Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is incorporated as Elektrostal City Under Oblast Jurisdiction—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, Elektrostal City Under Oblast Jurisdiction is incorporated as Elektrostal Urban Okrug.

  26. Medicine

    [email protected] - Note: This mailbox is reserved for receipt of documentation specific to letters of good standing, exam information, disciplinary documents, transcripts and other education or employment verifications, and any other outside agency or related communications. Email us

  27. Try distance learning for FREE with the OU

    Updated Tuesday, 4 May 2021. OpenLearn from The Open University, is a free online learning resource that's open to everyone. It's a great way to see if distance learning is right for you and prepare you for university. There are over 1,000 courses to choose from with no start-dates, so you can begin right away or at a time that suits you.

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    Black Raptor Pro Elektrostal postal code 144006. See 3 social pages including Youtube and Instagram, Hours, Phone, Website and more for this business. 2.5 Cybo Score. Review on Cybo.

  29. Private PU colleges continue to illegally charge exorbitant fees in the

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  30. Study Skills for Higher Education

    Take a look at all Open University courses. If you're new to university-level study, read our guide on Where to take your learning next, or find out more about the types of qualifications we offer including entry level Access modules, Certificates, and Short Courses. Not ready for formal university study?