parts of presentation ielts listening answers

IELTS SIMULATOR

Ielts listening – preparing and giving a presentation s6t4, ielts listening.

Preparing and Giving a Presentation

LECTURER : Hello, everyone. You’ve all been given an assignment for your sociology course, which will involve giving a presentation to the rest of the group. And so today I’m going to be giving you a few tips on how to prepare your presentations. This should help you with your current assignment, but a lot of the principles I’ll be putting across will be general principles, which will, of course, help you with all your future presentations.

So, first of all, the most important thing to consider is your audience, and in this instance, your audience are the other students in your group. There are three points to bear in mind. Firstly, you need to ask yourself what they need to know. Secondly, it’s useful to consider whether they’ll be Q31 supportive or not, and thirdly, will it be a small group, say, three or four, a moderate gathering of 20 or so people as for your current assignment or will there be hundreds of people?

Having settle that, what I’m about to tell you will apply equally to any audience. So, how do you structure your presentation? Right at the beginning, you should tell them something that forces them to Q32 pay attention . This could be something surprising or even shocking, but it needs to be relevant. After that, you need a list of items or topics showing them what you’ll be covering rather like an agenda. And then the main part of the presentation will follow. This main part will be the detailed information you’ll be presenting and could include facts, statistics, personal experiences, etc.

After this, you should summarize what you presented and close with what I call Q33 next steps . For this assignment, you could simply point the group to other sociology reference material. In other cases, you may want to suggest some actions that people can take.

Now. What about the design of the slides for your laptop? Well, the important thing here is to be Q34 consistent , you need to have the same type of font and use the same color and size for the same elements. For example, all headers need to look the same. All bullet points need to be presented in the same way. And don’t just stick to words. Bring the presentation to life by adding Q35 graphics . These could be in several forms, such as pictures, flow charts, diagrams, history grams, and so on.

And still, let’s move on now to presenting. You have your presentation prepared and you’re ready to start. Well, it’s important to give a good impression from the start, so take three deep breaths. Look at the audience, no matter how frightening they may be, and be enthusiastic and energetic.

As you go through the presentation. Remember to provide some variety in the way you speak. So, for example, you can talk fairly rapidly for information that may be familiar, but then slow down firm or unfamiliar sections and change your Q36 tone as you speak. Don’t keep it at the same level all the way through.

As I mentioned, look at your audience. Ah ah, a good tip is to pick people out and look at them for around five seconds. Not looking at the audience gives the impression that you’re either not interested in them or terrified of them. Looking too long at one particular person may make them feel rather uncomfortable.

There may be points in your presentation that you want your audience to really absorb, and in order to make important points stand out. You may consider adding Q37 silences , right after these. It will give people time to reflect on what you’ve just said. Also, you may be presenting complicated ideas or technical details, but trying to keep everything as simple as possible. Use simple words and as few as possible and be clear. If you say something like this appears to be, it implies uncertainty. So using Q38 weak verbs such as appears, seems, could be, etc needs to be avoided.

I’ll just finish off with a few thoughts on questions and interruptions from the audience. You may choose to invite questions from the audience as you go or ask them to wait until the end. Either way, questions should be encouraged as it provides you with some feedback on how interested the audiences and how well they understanding you. When a question is asked, you need to provide an answer that is as accurate as possible, so initially, my tip is to Q39 repeat it . This will ensure you have heard it correctly, and we’ll give you a few seconds to gather your thoughts.

Interruptions, on the other hand, can be unwelcome, and you may get them for a variety of reasons. It’s likely, however, that there’s something in your presentation that’s unclear or confusing.

So my advice is to reduce problems by reading through your presentation beforehand and Q40 predicting potential points, which could cause interruptions. You may then want to change that part of the presentation or at least be prepared if someone does interrupt you. Now, do you have any questions?

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IELTS > Guidelines IELTS > IELTS Listening Section: Presentation, Structure And Band Scores

IELTS Listening Section: Presentation, Structure And Band Scores

Have you registered for the IELTS and have you started preparing for the test ? Do you have questions about the listening part of the exam? You’ve come to the right place.

IELTS is one of the most renowned English-language tests in the academic world. Organizations and academic institutions require non-native English speakers to take it in order to assess how they express and understand English Language. The IELTS test is composed of four parts: listening, reading, writing and speaking.

In this article you’ll learn more about the specificities related to the IELTS listening section such as:

• How the IELTS listening section is structured ;
• What skills are evaluated during this section;
• How this session is marked ;
• How to get the best results thanks to GlobalExam’s tips.

So let’s know more about the IELTS listening section.

Please note that the Listening Section is the same for both the IELTS Academic and the IELTS General tests.

For more information on the other sections of the test, please refer to these articles:

• IELTS Speaking Section
• IELTS Reading Section
• IELTS Writing

IELTS Test Listening Section: What Is the Structure?

IELTS is a registered trademark of the University of Cambridge ESOL.

The IELTS Listening section takes about 30 minutes , and you are given an extra 10 minutes to transfer and to write your answers on the question paper to your answer sheet . There are four sections to the IELTS Academic Listening part :

• Exercise 1 : A conversation between two people in a social situation with comprehension questions.
• Exercise 2 : A monologue set in a social setting e.g. a talk about organising a business meeting.
• Exercise 3 : A conversation between a small group of people in an educational setting e.g. a university tutor and students discussing a homework task.
• Exercise 4 : A monologue about an academic subject such as a university lecture.

What Are The Task Types For The IELTS Listening Test?

We are going to address all the types of tasks in the Listening section.

What happens at the start of the test?

At the start of the listening section you will hear a recording of instructions and be given a sample question . This will happen before each section of the listening test. As mentioned, the last 10 minutes of the test are for transferring your answers onto the answer sheet.

What types of questions are there?

There are 40 questions and there are a variety of question types. You may be asked to answer multiple choice questions or label a map or diagram . You might be asked to fill in a form , complete a table or give short answers to a question.

IELTS Listening Test: How many task types?

The listening part comprises 6 different listening tasks aiming at testing different competences of your listening capability.

Top IELTS Listening Tips : to save you time when taking the test, we advise you to be able to rapidly distinguish each task type . Keep in mind that you can listen to each recording only once, that’s why the key to success in this section lies in being well prepared.

Task Type #1 Multiple Choices Questions

Listen to the audio and check one of the 3 possible answers related to what you’ve just heard;

Task Type #2 Matching Times Two

Listen to the audio and match information you’ve heard in the audio to items or phrases on the paper/computer screen;

Task Type #3 Plan, Map, Diagram Labeling

Complete a map or a figure (such as the plan of a room or of a city, the schema of an item) with labels. You’ll hear someone giving various pieces of information about a place and you’ll have to retrieve the data you need to complete the diagram.

Task Type #4 Form, Note, Table, Flow-chart, Summary Completion

In this exercise you are required to fill in a form or table with factual information you hear (such as telephone numbers, dates…). The answers should be just a few words long.

Task Type #5 Sentence Completion

Listen to the audio and complete the written sentence with a short answer you’ve heard in the audio. Be careful, the sentence pre-written on your test will not be the exact same one you’ll hear in the audio: you’ll have to rephrase it.

Task Type #6 Short Answer Questions

Read the question and answer with a short answer from the audio. In this task, you’ll not only hear audio giving you the answers to your questions but also distractors. They’ll give you superfluous or tricky information to mislead you in your answers. So be careful and filter the important items.

What Is the Aim of the Test and What Competencies Are Evaluated?

For the listening section of the IELTS test you will be listening to recordings that will increase in difficulty as you go through the exam. You will hear a number of different speeches and conversations with a variety of different accents. The content of the Listening test is the same for the Academic and General Training Listening tests.

The IELTS Listening test will assess how well you understand main ideas and specific details in recordings of a speech or conversation and how well you notice the opinions and attitudes of speakers.

IELTS Listening Test: Marking System And Raw Score Conversion

As you probably know already, the IELTS band score gives you a mark from 1 to 9. This mark is the average of the four grades (between 1 and 9) you’ve got in each part of the test: Writing, Speaking, Reading and Listening.

Regarding the Listening part, you’ll have to answer 40 questions, each correct answer giving you one mark. You obtain a score out of 40 which is then converted to the IELTS 1 to 9 band score.

IELTS Listening Section: Top Tips When Taking The Test

Here are a few tips to give all the cards you need to ace the exam.

Tip #1 Be rested and relaxed before

Firstly, get plenty of sleep the night before the test and try to relax once the test has started.

Tip #2 Focus on the keywords in the audio

On the day of the test, let someone at the test centre know immediately if you cannot hear the recording properly .

Listen carefully because each section of the recording is only played once. Whilst listening , try and predict what the speaker is going to say as it will help you to focus. Don’t worry if there are some words you don’t understand – try to listen to key words that help you understand the general meaning of what is being said.

Tip #3 Read the next question

As you listen, try focusing on the question you’re trying to answer and also take a quick look at the next question too . It helps you know what information you’ll be looking for in the next passage you’ll hear. And if you miss an answer to a question, you’ll know it because the speaker will be talking about something related to the next question rather than the one you are on.

If this happens, just move on to the next question . It’s better to miss one question than get lost entirely and miss several answers. You can try and guess the answer of the question and go back to it later.

Try to remember what the speaker is talking about as you move through the questions. The questions are in the same order that you will answer them.

Tip #4 Pay attention to the instructions

If a question asks for a 2 word answer, make sure you only write 2 words.

Tip #5 Proofread your answers

Finally, if you do finish answering the questions early – check your answers carefully as you might be able to spot a few spelling mistakes!

If you’re still feeling nervous – remember that you can retake the test as many times as you like and that there is no fail mark.

Besides, the best way of reducing your nerves is to do plenty of practice listening tests and GlobalExam’s website is here to help.

Try Out GlobalExam Online to Get Top IELTS Test Results

E-learning platforms are the best way to practice for your IELTS test because you can access the website from everywhere, have your hands on various modern tools and prepare as if you were in exam conditions.

GlobalExam is an online platform dedicated to IELTS preparation in real exam conditions. Our experts regularly write new content to deliver effective training and practice opportunities. Our website is very interactive and success-oriented: you can take a test to identify your customized learning path and set targets on what you need to work above all.

You could register directly on ESOL British Council and IDP Education websites. You could also find information about affiliated, approved or endorsed IELTS test centers.

What GlobalExam can offer you

You also have the chance to do full mock exams under timed conditions – just like in the real IELTS test. Instead of just practicing by yourself on a book with a CD, GlobalExam proposes up to 5 real IELTS mock exams. When taking the mock test on GlobalExam you’ll see a clock telling you how much time you still get for the whole test and for the part you’re taking.

And you can take a whole mock IELTS exam without obligation so you get to see typical questions you’ll have to answer for the test and the structure of the exam. For each of the IELTS 4 sections (Listening, Reading, Speaking et Writing) you get a free training access. It will not take more than 30 seconds to register on GlobalExam.

After each exam, you’ll receive immediate feedback with a grade. You can then monitor your results in the statistics tab and check your progress.

Improve any weak areas with the help of our revision material. GlobalExam’s website provides vocabulary sheets and grammar study sheets so that you have all the needed information in one place.

Sign up for free for our trial version today!

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IELTS Listening Test 43

Part 1: Questions 1-7 Complete the table below. Write ONE WORD AND/ OR A NUMBER for each answer.

(1)                              (2) (3)                             (4) (5)                             (6) (7)

Questions 8-10 Choose THREE answers from the list and write correct letter A-G next to questions 8-10.

Which THREE features does the owner say make his car worth buying?

A lots of registration B being highly manoeuvrable C being easy to park D fuel efficiency E quick acceleration F good resale potential G smoothly running engine

(8)     (9)     (10)

Part 2: Questions 11-16 Identify the areas on the map. Write correct letter A-J next to questions 11-16.

11. Wilsons 12. DVD shop 13. Student union office 14. Engineering institute 15. Fitness room 16. Bookshop

Questions 17-20 Complete the timetable. Write the correct letter A-I next to questions 17-20.

17. Yoga club 18. Aerobic dancing 19. Prayer centre 20. Chess club

Part 3: Questions 21-24 Complete the summary below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.

The most important part of a presentation is the (21) , thus it is important to use a hook, such as a surprising fact, (22) , or a puzzling problem. The best presenters treat their audiences as (23) and (24) them in the subject matter, which they make interesting.

Questions 25-30 Complete the presentation plan. Write ONE WORD only for each answer.

(25)                            (26) (27)                            (28) (29)                           (30)

Part 4: Questions 31-35 Complete the diagram labels. Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.

(31)                             (32) (33)                             (34) (35)

Questions 36-40 Complete the diagram below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.

(36)                               (37) (38)                               (39) (40)

1. yaris 2. yellow 3. 4 4. 2 5. radio 6. 12,400 7. 3 8. C 9. B 10. F 11. B 12. G 13. E 14. I 15. H 16. F 17. C 18. E 19. I 20. G 21. first minute 22. interesting story 23. equals 24. involve 25. historical 26. differences 27. multicultural 28. diversity 29. universals 30. democracy 31. hydrogen 32. approach 33. similar 34. heat 35. energy 36. Tokamak 37. magnetic field 38. cooled 39. unstable 40. one second

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Content Curator

Giving The Presentation IELTS Listening Answers is a conversational audio. It is a conversation between two individuals discussing a presentation. Candidates are required to listen to the audio carefully and answer the questions by looking at the diagram. The candidate needs to answer the following question types:

• Choose the correct option

In choose the correct option, candidates are required to answer based on a given cue. They are required to choose from multiple options.

The IELTS Listening section tests a candidate’s listening ability. The candidates are required to listen to an audio and then answer the given IELTS listening questions.

Check : Get 10 Free IELTS Sample Papers Check: Register for IELTS Coaching - Join for Free Trial Class Now

Topic:  Giving The Presentation

Your browser does not support the audio element.

Questions 1-5: Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.

Q1. Before giving her presentation, Kate was worried about

• being asked difficult questions.
• using the projection equipment.
• explaining statistical results.

Answer : B- using the projection equipment. Explanation : Katie mentioned in the audio that she was using the computerised projector for the first time. Moreover, she was also concerned that she might get the controls wrong.

Read More IELTS Listening Related Articles

Check: IELTS Actual Test ebooks Combo

Q2. During many presentations by students, Martin feels that

• the discussion of research methods is not detailed enough.
• lecturers do not show enough interest in their students' work.
• the student does not make enough eye contact with the audience.

Answer : C- the student does not make enough eye contact with the audience. Explanation : Martin mentions that generally students tend to avoid eye contact with its audiences. This makes it difficult to portray and manifest their idea into the audience or viewers.

Q3. What is Kate’s opinion of the tutorials she attends?

• They involve too much preparation.
• They should be held more frequently.
• They do not have a clear focus.

Answer : C- They do not have a clear focus. Explanation : Kate mentions about the tutorials in the audio. She highlights that these are not up to the mark and lack of the intention or idea that it wants to portray.

Q4. What does Martin intend to do next semester?

• make better use of the internet
• improve his note-taking skills
• prioritise reading lists effectively

Answer : A- make better use of the internet Explanation : Martin mentions that learning and implying use of the internet for the next semester. This will enable easy use of the internet.

Q5. What problem do Kate and Martin both have when using the library?

• The opening hours are too short.
• There are too few desks to work at.
• The catalogue is difficult to use.

Answer : A- The opening hours are too short. Explanation : As mentioned in the audio, Kate says that she likes to start working early. However, the library is operational after 9. Thus, the working hours are shorter than expected.

Questions 6-10: Who will do the following tasks?

• both Martin and Kate

Write the correct letter, A, B or C next to questions 6-10.

Q6. _____ compose questionnaire

Answer : C- both Martin and Kate Explanation : From the audio, it can be concluded that both Martin and Kate came to the conclusion of composing the questionnaire.

Q7. _____ select people to interview

Answer : C- both Martin and Kate Explanation : It is conclusive from the audio that both mutually came to decide about selecting individuals for the interview course.

Q8. _____ conduct interviews

Answer : B- Kate Explanation : Martin and Kate can be heard deciding that Kate will be responsible for conducting the interviews.

Q9. _____ analyse statistics

Answer : C- both Martin and Kate Explanation : It can be concluded from the audio that both Martin and Kate came to a conclusion that they will both analyse the overall statistics.

Q10. _____ prepare visuals for presentation

Answer : A- Martin Explanation : Since, Martin has prior experience of preparing presentations. Thus, both of them mutually decided that Martin will be responsible for preparing the presentation.

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IELTS Practice Test Volume 2

• Published on: 07 Mar 2019
• Tests taken: 294,957

Answer Keys:

Part 1: Question 1 - 10

• 1 (the) animal park
• 2 cold and cloudy
• 4 birds of prey
• 5 (the) reptile display
• 9 Korean(s)

Part 2: Question 11 - 20

Part 3: question 21 - 30, part 4: question 31 - 40.

• 31 regulations
• 32 short grass
• 33 development
• 34 passive recreation
• 35 get lost
• 36 Industrial Revolution
• 38 (central) lake
• 40 Melbourne

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Review & Explanations:

Questions 1-6

Complete the notes.

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS OR A NUMBER for each answer.

Questions 7-10

Complete the table.

Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.

Questions 11-15

Choose the correct letter, A, B, or C.

The company deals mostly with:

• A big cities.
• B nature holidays.

The overseas consultants deal mostly with:

• B North America.

For deserts and gorges, customers should come in the:

• B afternoon.

Trips to regional locations are good because:

• A the buses are comfortable.
• B there is storage for suitcases.
• C they can be seen quickly.

SleekLine buses are particularly known for their:

Questions 16-20

Identify the rooms in the office plan.

Write the correct letter, A-G, next to the questions.

16 A B C D E F G     Local Tours

17 A B C D E F G     Interstate Tours

18 A B C D E F G     International Tours

19 A B C D E F G     Asian Region

20 A B C D E F G     General Office

Questions 21-24

Complete the timetable.

Write the correct letter, A-H , for each answer.

Questions 25-30

Complete the labels.

Write ONE WORD OR A NUMBER for each answer.

Questions 31-34

Complete the sentences.

Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.

Behaviour in parks is controlled by 31

Insect numbers are reduced by having 32

A wilderness park does not have any 33

Observing trees and lying in the grass are examples of 34

Questions 35-40

Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS OR A NUMBER for each answer.

You will hear two teachers, Andrew:and Katie, discussing the coming excursion of their language class.

Andrew: Well, we have this school excursion planned, but when exactly is it? Is it this Tuesday or Wednesday?

Katie: Well it can’t be Tuesday, with the English tests taking place.

Andrew: Ah, right. Not Tuesday,  but Wednesday .

Katie: That’s right - all day Wednesday - taking a bus outside the city.

Andrew: And where are we going?

Katie: Ah, last month we went to Arthur Island, so this time we’re going to the... Animal Park.

Andrew: Arthur Island was okay, but it was too cold. Let’s hope the weather for this week’s excursion is better. I don’t suppose animals care about bad weather, but I certainly do. Have you heard the forecast?

Katie: Yes, and it’s not too bad. Basically, they’re saying Monday will be sunny.

Andrew:Good...

Katie: But then the weather will change.

Andrew: Not so good.

Katie: Yes, Tuesday we’ll have some showers, but by Wednesday, the day of our excursion, it will be... well, their words are ‘ cold and cloudy ’.

Andrew: Cold and cloudy. Well, as long as it isn’t ‘wet and rainy’, I’m happy enough. We won’t need umbrellas, just warm clothing. And what time will we get there?

Katie: Let’s see. The bus picks us up at 8.30 am, and then it’s an hour and a half on the road, so we arrive at 10 am... sorry, with the 15 minutes break, that will actually be  10.15 am .

Andrew: That’s early enough. Then all our students can see the animals, have their fun, and do whatever they want to do.

Katie: Well, one fun event planned that day is ‘ Birds of Prey ’.

Andrew: What’s that?

Katie: That’s when they bring out several birds of prey: eagles, falcons, kites, those sorts of birds, and throw pieces of meat into the air, and the birds swoop down and eat them. It’s quite impressive.

Andrew: Sounds great. ‘Birds of Prey’. Are there any other activities?

Katie: There’s a catered lunch, at the park restaurant. We’ve already paid for that, and in the afternoon there’s... well, I had a choice between the ‘Reptile Display’ and the ‘Koala Handling’. In the reptile display, the students can handle live pythons and various other snakes.

Andrew:Surely they’d rather hold koalas?

Katie: I’m sure, but the koalas can’t be handled unless the weather’s sunny, and given the forecast, I thought it better to choose the reptile display.

Andrew:Ummm, that’s a shame. These Asian students would love the ‘Koala Handling’.

Katie: Yes, I know, but we can’t control the weather.

Andrew:And, then we get back. What time will that be?

Katie: We leave the park at 4.30, but then we face traffic, so wo won't get back until well after 6 pm. It will most likely be 6.30. But that’s better than the last trip: we didn’t get home until 8.30 that time.

Andrew:Yes, that was a bit too late, wasn’t it?

Katie: Andrew, I understand you’ve been doing some research regarding the breakdown, by nationality, of our student body. That must have produced some interesting results.

Andrew: You’re right. I got some statistics from head office.

Katie: I would imagine that most of our students are either Japanese or Chinese.

Andrew: You imagine right. But it’s the  Chinese who constitute the majority , but only just. I had thought Koreans might be second, but it’s actually the  Japanese , quite close behind. It’s somewhat surprising, but obviously all those Study Tours that our university markets in Japan are bringing in students.

Katie: What’s the breakdown exactly?

Andrew: Japanese are a quarter of the whole, which is considerable. Last year they were only 16%, so that market has grown nicely. Ah, the only other proportions of some weight are the Indonesians and Koreans - about the same. Indonesians at 15%, and... ah... the  Koreans are a little higher -not like last year when they were less than 10%.

Katie: I thought we’d have more Indonesians than Koreans?

Andrew: Well, as I said, they’re about the same - just like the Saudi and Thai student numbers, almost the same also - both just under 10.

Katie: Which one is bigger?

Andrew: Ah,  Thai students number just a fraction more. As for the other nationalities, collectively they’re only 3%, so it wasn’t worth giving each of them a separate category. I just grouped them under ‘other’ - that’s Vietnamese, South American, a couple of Russians, and so on.

You will hear a representative from EasyTravel Travel Agency explaining to some customers the benefits of her company.

Hello everyone. Now, you’re here because you’re interested in travel, right? And you’re in the right place, for at EasyTravel, we have the best deals for the best locations. We specialise in eco-travel, or holidays designed to get you amongst nature , ignoring the hustle and bustle of big cities. So, whether you want to hike in Nepal, as many people do, or follow some jungle paths in the rainforests of Queensland, we can give you the best deal.

If you look at our office here, you’ll see our overseas consultants. That’s for trips overseas, obviously, to Europe, to North America, but primarily for the Asian market, which is generally more popular in this part of the world. Most people like that touch of the orient, right? But they also like the domestic market, since this country offers its fair share of beautiful natural vistas. What about the deserts, anyone? What about some striking red-rock gorges? Then, talk to our domestic consultants, who can arrange anything you want. But they deal with the accounts in the morning, so you’ll need to talk to them in the  afternoon . And remember, our office doesn’t open at night, sorry to say.

Now, around the outskirts and outer regions of this city, there are many beautiful places that you might not be aware of. And the advantages of these regional locations are many. Mostly, by being closer, some of them can be done in a day tour. Yes, it’s fast and convenient, with none of those long-haul bus trips which often leave you cramped and uncomfortable, and stuffing heavy suitcases into luggage racks.

But, I should tell you about our buses, those that are needed for the somewhat more distant holiday destinations. They definitely do not suffer from those problems I just mentioned. We use the services of the famous Sleek Line Company, whose buses are known as the very best. Yes, they are big, yes, they are comfortable, but what makes them especially different is the personal attendant, who accompanies the driver, ready and willing to serve you , and ensure that your trip is the very best. So, whether it’s overseas or local, we can certainly give you what you want. Now, do you have any questions?

Right, let me orient you to our main EasyTravel office here. On this table right beside us are travel magazines for you to browse through, and on the wall next to that are many more, for all parts of the world. Our four travel consultants sit over there, on the other side of that long counter. That’s right, four of them, side by side, all serving various regions.

Now, let me tell you their specific functions. Firstly, the consultant on the left, next to the plant, is the ‘Local Tours’ consultant, serving tours in the immediate vicinity of this city. Next to her is what we call ‘Regional Tours’, targeting the state-wide options. -Next- to her is the ‘ Interstate Tours ’, and that can involve either buses or planes, in the former case, utilising the SleekLine Bus service, as you know. And finally, next to her, in the corner, is ‘General Enquiries’, which is self-explanatory. If you have questions of a general nature, rather than one relating to specific destinations, you can go there.

Now, as I said, we can do international tours , and for that you need our big office, just through that door - the one between those two plants. However, if your international tour is in the  Asian region , which is generally our most popular option, then we deal with that in a separate room the one opposite International Tours, but not; the corner one. Just go through that door on the left - the one next to that cupboard. The door next to that is, in fact, our General Office , so please don’t go through there. That’s reserved for staff members only.

You will hear two students, Sam: and Liz, discussing their university orientation program.

Sam:    Hi Liz. How do you feel about starting university here?

Liz:    A little bit nervous, but I’m confident I can handle it. This orientation program seems like it will help us a lot.

Sam: Sure. I’m looking at the timetable here myself. It seems that there are choices available.

Liz: I can see. So, what are you going to do Monday afternoon? In the morning we all have the opening lecture, but it looks like we have a choice later that day, as you said.

Sam: Well, the ‘Careers Lecture’ might be helpful, but I am interested in the ‘Uni Tour’. It’s probably too early to be thinking of careers now, anyway, and I want to know what’s what at this new university, so. I’m doing the tour.

Liz: Alright. I’ll come along with you. Might learn something interesting. After all, we haven’t seen much of this place yet, and we will be spending four years here.

Sam: Tuesday is another full day, too. In the afternoon there’s a lecture about study skills, but that morning offers another choice.

Liz: ‘Library Tour’ or ‘Student Union Induction’. What do you think?

Sam: I think the student union is very important, but we can go there any time, right, so we should take advantage of the library tour while it’s being offered. Maybe the week after, you and I can go to the student union.

Liz: Library it is, then. Now, Wednesday has a free session in the morning, but after lunch there’s a choice between visiting the computer lab, or attending a lecture on our legal rights.

Sam: Well, law and rights are important, but computers are the basis of everything these days, so I’m going to the computer lab .

Liz: Don’t you think knowing our legal rights is equally, if not more, important? We live in a very litigious and complex society now.

Sam: Sure, but it’s something we can pick up later, so let’s leave that one out.

Sam: Let me see the timetable. Thursday is a free day, and the week winds up with some celebrations on Friday afternoon. It looks like a fun choice, too. There’s either a BBQ on the main lawn, or the dance. 

Liz: I never pass up the chance to eat something. What about you?

Sam: If I can get a free meal, I’ll take it any day, and I’m not good at dancing anyway.

Liz: Well, that’s that decided. Right?

Sam: Right!

Sam: Guess what Liz? There’s another interesting thing in this orientation booklet, and it looks important -about a ‘style guide’.

Liz: What’s that?

Sam: Take a look yourself. It seems to be a set of rules regarding how to present written work - essays, and that sort of thing - to the lecturers. They want a uniform style of presentation.

Liz: I can see. So, everything we hand in must have a header and a footer.

Sam: A what?

Liz: A header and a footer. The footer is at the bottom of the page, and the  header is at the very top. That’s why they call it a ‘header’, you know, that little bit of writing giving details about the work. And they also want the word count. Why do they need that?

Sam: I guess because the lecturers will specify the number of words they want for their assignment, and they want to be sure students follow this.

Liz: And even the heading on the page has to be a specific dimension.  16 points, and bold print, and underlined.

Sam:    And subheadings are 14 points, and the font has to be Arial for everything.

Liz:    Yes, the main text is Arial, too, as you said, and the size is  12 points, with the header and footer being slightly smaller, at 10 points each. Well, it seems logical. The size of everything is in proportion to its importance, but why do they need the spacing of the main text to be one and a half? The header and footer are different. They’re only  single -spaced.

Sam: Probably to allow the teacher to insert comments, or corrections, or just to make it all more readable, I suppose.

Liz:    And we need wide margins on the left, right, top, and bottom, probably for the same reason. Lots of space to allow the addition of comments. That’s a bit scary, actually. It seems to assume we will be making mistakes.

Sam: And look what they want in the header and footer. The header has the name of the  work .

Liz: Not the name of the teacher?

Sam: No, the work, but surely the  teacher’s name must go somewhere. Ah, here it is. It goes in the footer.

Liz: Okay, I’d say this is all logical. If a page is lost, say, falls to the floor, then with all this information, it can always be traced back to the teacher involved.

Sam: Right - as you say, all very logical.

You will hear a lecturer discussing public parks.

Most of us are familiar with a local park. We spend time there, play there, and have some of our best memories in these places. But what is a park? Basically, it can be defined as a natural, or at least semi-natural, piece of land, planted with a variety of trees, bushes, and flowers, protected and reserved for the enjoyment of all citizens. There are usually  regulations  about the sorts of behaviour that can take place within. And sometimes there are facilities such as children’s playgrounds, or fields for ball games and other sorts of activities. For this reason, if there is grass, it is kept short , and this also discourages the breeding of insect pests. A well-maintained park actually needs a lot of people to look after it, and more so if the park showcases special plants, flowers, or trees, in which ease it is called a ‘botanic garden’. In complete contrast, if the park is big and remote enough, it is sometimes designated as a wilderness park, to be left completely alone and untouched, protected from all development in order to allow wild species, both plant and animal, to live undisturbed.

But it is the urban park - the sort of park that most people are familiar with, that I want to talk about now. These preserve natural landscapes for the pleasure of the urban population, most commonly just for passive recreation - in other words, allowing people just to observe the trees, and lie in the grass, and such passive recreation is certainly needed.

Continuing on the subject of parks, it might surprise you to know that once there were none. A thousand years ago, there was no need, since there were already extensive open spaces, forests, and wilderness surrounding most cities and towns - for example, in Europe. These dark dank forests were large and even dangerous, full of wild animals and with the potentially fatal result of getting lost. Hence, fairy tales evolved about witches living in these areas, and the wolves and bears, which could threaten young children.

However, with the rapidly increasing human population, the original wilderness and natural open spaces were intruded upon. Forests were cut down as populations spread, and with them, urban pollution and further deforestation. But it was only with the advent of the Industrial Revolution that people realised natural areas needed to be preserved, to give the populace access to the sort of nature that was fast disappearing due to the uncontrolled development and demand for resources.

The first park, expressly designed for that purpose, is usually considered to be Princes Park in Liverpool. This was in 1841, on land donated to the public by a rich iron merchant. With such a generous donation (worth about £50,000 ), the council decided to invest £5,000 of its own money in making it look good. Consequently, they hired a landscape designer, Joseph Paxton, who designed twisting turning pathways among shade-giving trees, all based around a central lake . In many ways, it became the prototype for all later large parks, including the famous Central Park in New York.

But, if we were to pick the park that most people are familiar with, it would be the much smaller neighbourhood park. These can be tiny, but, by being in the midst of extensive development and dense populations, they are increasingly seen as a refuge , where one can get a glimpse of true nature. Many psychologists now maintain that this glimpse is necessary, for ultimately, as a species, we have an innate affinity for nature, and the concrete urban zoo clashes with our inner being. This has seen the rejuvenation of many urban parks that were once left to decay, for example, in New York or London, and indeed, some cities, such as Melbourne , are known all over the world for their abundance of carefully maintained parks, including a world famous botanic garden.

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IELTS Listening Test with Answers

This is a full IELTS listening test with answers.

In the video you can watch the IELTS listening test and the answers are at the end of the video, or you can download the answers below.

If you want you can download this answer sheet to write your answers on, though remember in the real test candidates write them on the exam paper then transfer them to the answers sheet in the 10 minutes given at the end. 

IELTS Listening Test

Download answers:

In the next set of videos, you can see the same test, but you can see the test sheet as the audio plays, and the answers appear in the gap in the right place as they are spoken. 

It's a useful way to see how to approach the listening test if you are new to it.

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IELTS Listening Preparation (Part 1)

Introduction:.

• The format of the test 
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• Effective strategies for the different question types 
• The listening skills that are assessed 
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IELTS Listening Exam Format: 

Some simple tips to follow:, ielts listening test question types:.

• Multiple Choice 
• completing Forms/Notes 
• Short Answer Questions 
• Sentence Completion 
• Matching 
• Table Completion 
• Labelling a Map/Plan 
• Summary Completion 

Question Type # 1: Multiple Choice

• Short Answer 
• Sentence Completion  
• Matching Picture 

Question Type # 2: Completing Forms or Notes

• IELTS Listening
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Listening Practice Test 46

ielts listening

Questions 1-6

Complete the form below.

Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.

PRIME RECRUITMENT

Employee record

Example                           Answer

Surname                          …….Riley…….

Email                                  1 ……………… @worldnet.com

Nationality                       2 ………………

Reference                        Name: John Keen

( professional )                 Job: manager of 3 ………………

Reference                        Name: Eileen Dorsini

( personal )                       Job: 4 ………………

Special                              current 5 ……………… certificate

Qualifications                 certificate of competence in 6 ………………

Questions 7-10

Complete the table below.

Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD for each answer.

Questions 11 and 12

Choose TWO letters, A-E .

Which TWO sources of funding helped build the facility?

A    the central government

B    local government

C    a multinational company

D    a national company

E    city residents

Questions 13 and 14

Choose TWO letter, A-E .

Which TWO pre-existing features of the site are now part of the new facilities?

A    football stadium

B    playing fields

C    passenger hall

D    control tower

E   aircraft hangars

Questions 15-20

Label the map below.

Write the correct letter, A-H , next to questions 15-20 .

15    hotel                        ……………………

16    transport hub        ……………………

17    cinema                    ……………………

18    fitness centre         ……………………

19    shops                       ……………………

20    restaurant               ……………………

Questions 21-25

Choose the correct letter, A , B or C .

21    What is Chloe concerned about?

A    her knowledge of maths

B    her ability to write essays

C    her lack of business experience

22    Which of the following does Ivan feel he has improved?

A    his computer skills

B    his presentation skills

C    his time management

23    What does Chloe especially like about the course?

A    She won’t have to do a final examination.

B    She can spend time working in a business.

C    She can study a foreign language.

24    Ivan is pleased that the university is going to have

A    more lecture rooms.

B    a larger library.

C    more courses.

25    What does Ivan advise Chloe to do?

A    contact his tutor

B    read about some other universities

C    visit the university

Questions 26-30

What does Chloe decide about the following subjects?

Write the correct letter, A , B or C , next to questions 26-30 .

A      She will study it.

B      She won’t study it.

C      She might study it.

26    Public relations             ……………

27    Marketing                      ……………

28    Taxation                         ……………

29    Human resources        ……………

30    Information systems   ……………

Questions 31-35

Complete the notes below.

History of weather forecasting

Early methods

• Almanacs connected the weather with the positions of different 31 …………….. at particular times.

Invention of weather instruments

• A hydrometer showed Levels of 32 …………….. (Nicholas Cusa 1450)
• Temperature variations – first measured by a thermometer containing 33 ……………. (Galileo Galilei 1595)
• A barometer indicated air pressure (Evangelista Torricelli 1645)

Transmitting weather information

• The use of the 34 ……………… allowed information to be passed around the world.
• Daily 35 …………….. were produced by the French from 1863.

Questions 36-40

Complete the sentences below.

Producing a weather forecast

36    Weather observation stations are found mostly at ……………… around the country.

37    Satellite images use the colour orange to show ……………….

38    The satellites give so much detail that meteorologists can distinguish a particular …………………

39    Information about the upper atmosphere is sent from instruments attached to a ……………….

40    Radar is particularly useful for following the movement of ………………….

Listening Test 45

Listening test 47, answer listening practice test 46.

1. edwinari / Edwinari / EDWINARI

2. New Zealander

3. play centre

4. (a) professor

5. first aid

8. twin/two

9. Scotland

31. planets

32. humidity

34. (electric) telegraph

35. (weather) maps

36. airports

37. dry air

39. balloon

40. hurricanes

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IELTS Listening Online Practice Test – 33

IELTS Listening Online Practice Test: This is the 33 rd  test of our ‘ LISTENING Series ’. All tests are based on real exam patterns and correspond to the actual difficulty level you may find in the IELTS.

Section 1  is a conversation between the organiser of a Short Film Competition and a man who is interested in taking part in this event.

Section 4  is a presentation given by a student on challenges of living in a space.

The speakers may suggest different possibilities or change their minds during the discussion. Pay careful attention to their final wording about the topic in IELTS online Listening Practice Test.

Questions 1-10

Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

Questions 11-12

Questions 13-14

Which TWO things must volunteers bring with them?

Questions 15-20

set up a (15) …………………………. for a mobile app.

agree on a (19) …………………………. for observed birds.

submit a (20) …………………………. with your collected data.

Questions 21-25

21) The students agree that the introduction to their presentation should include …

C. a general description of what restoration involves.

22) When the students visited the museum, they were surprised by …

A. the reaction of the owners of a painting.

A. It shows how taste in art varies amongst different people.

B. It is an example of a work that was once undervalued.

C. It makes art accessible to more people.

Questions 26-30

Questions 31-40

THE CHALLENGES OF LIVING IN A SPACE

IELTS Listening Online Practice Test – 33 Answer Key

About ielts online listening test.

Rajit is the co-founder and an active blogger at 'CIC Talks'. He is best known for his rich expertise in IELTS & Canadian Immigration. Feel free to connect with him on Instagram & Twitter .

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Home / IELTS Listening Practice Tests / IELTS Listening Practice Test 5 / Page 5

IELTS Listening Practice Test 5

Answer keys.

Tapescripts

The part of the text containing the answer is underlined  with the question number given in square brackets [] . If you still struggle with IELTS Listening tests, please refer to IELTS Listening tips. IELTS Listening Section 1 Man: Hello ‘Paragliders’ Paradise’. How can I help you? Maria: Oh hi. I’m interested in doing a course in paragliding. Man: Which course are you interested in? Maria:  Well, I’m not sure. What’s available? Man: Well … we’ve got the introductory course which lasts for two days. Maria: OK. Man: Or there’s the 4-day beginners’ course which is what most people do first. I’d tend to recommend that one. And there’s also the elementary pilot course which takes five to six days depending on conditions. Maria: We might try the beginner’s course. What sort of prices are we looking at? Man: The introductory is $190; the beginner’s course, which is what you’d probably be looking at, is $320 – no, sorry 330 – it’s just gone up [1] – and the pilot course is $430. Maria: Right. Man: And you also have to become a member of our club so that you’re insured. That’ll cost you $12 a day. Everyone has to take out insurance, you see. Maria: Does that cover me if I break a leg? Man: No, I’m afraid not – it’s only 3rd party and covers you against damage to other people or their belongings [2] , but not theft or injury, You would need to take out your own personal accident insurance. Maria: I see! And what’s the best way to get to your place? By public transport or could we come by bike? We’re pretty keen cyclists [3] . Man: It’s difficult by public transport although there is a bus from Newcastle; most people get here by car, though, ‘cos we’re a little off the beaten track. But you could ride here OK. I’ll send you a map. Just let me take down a few details. What’s your name? Maria: Maria Gentle. Man: And your address, Maria? Maria: Well, I’m a student staying with a family in Newcastle. Man: So it’s care of … Maria: Care of Mr and Mrs. McDonald [4] . Man: Like the hamburgers! Maria: Yes, exactly. Man: McDonald … Maria: The post office box address is probably best. It’s PO Box 676 [5] . Newcastle. Man: Is there a fax number there, because I could fax you the information? Maria: Yes, actually, there is. It’s 0249 that’s for Newcastle and then double seven five four three one [6] . Man: OK. Now if you decide to do one of our courses, you’ll need to book in advance and to pay when you book. How would you be paying? Maria: By credit card , if that’s OK. Do you take Visa? [7] Man: Yes, fine. We take all major cards, including Visa. Maria: OK then. Thanks very much.

Maria: Hi, Pauline. Pauline: Hi, Maria! What’s that you’re reading? Maria: Just some information from a paragliding school – it looks really good fun. Do you fancy a go at paragliding? Pauline: Sure! Do you have to buy lots of equipment and stuff? Maria: Not really. The school provides the equipment but we’d have to take a few things along. Pauline: Such as? Maria: Well it says here. Clothes: wear stout boots, so no sneakers or sandals I suppose, and clothes suitable for an active day in the hills, preferably a long-sleeved t-shirt [8] . That’s probably in case you land in the stinging nettles! It also says we should bring a packed lunch. We do not recommend soft drinks or flasks of coffee. Water is really the best thing to drink. We’d also need to bring suntan lotion and something to protect your head from the sun! [8] Pauline: OK that sounds reasonable. And where would we stay? Maria: Well look! They seem to operate a campsite too [9] , because it says here that it’s only $10 a day to pitch a tent . That’d be fine, wouldn’t it? And that way we’d save quite a bit because even a cheap hotel would cost money. Pauline: Urn..or perhaps we could stay in a bed and breakfast nearby [9] . It gives a couple of names here we could ring. I think I might prefer that. Hotels and youth hostels would all be miles away from the farm and I don’t fancy a caravan. Maria: No, I agree. But let’s take a tent and pray for good weather. Pauline: OK – let’s do it. What about next Maria: No, I can’t – I’m going on a geography field trip. Pauline: ….and then it’s the weekend before the exams and I really need to study. Maria: OK, then. Let’s make it the one after the exams [10] . Pauline: Fine – we’ll need a break by then. Can you ring and … IELTS Listening Section 2 Reporter: The Goodwood Museum is currently celebrating some of the most extravagant types of car design in its festival of speed. Here’s our reporter Vincent Freed, who’s on site, to tell us about some of the cars on display.

Well, here I am, standing in front of one of the most prestigious cars ever built, the Duesenberg, a fantastically expensive, luxurious car built in the early part of the 20th century and bearing all the glamorous qualities of the jazz age. How many were there? Well, only 473 Duesenberg J-types were ever built [11] and the model here is one of the rarest.

Each had a short 125-inch chassis or framework and the body was always in the form of an open two-seater [12] .

The technology behind the car’s 6.9-litre engine was extraordinary. It featured capsules of mercury in the engines to absorb vibration and provide an incredibly smooth ride [13] .

In fact, these cars offered unparalleled performance, in an age when 160 kilometres per hour was considered very fast, the Duesenberg promised a top speed of 180 kilometres per hour [14] and could do 140 kilometres per hour in second gear.

Duesenberg, who designed the car, sold it as a frame and engine [15] … this was typical of the age again and many prestige manufacturers such as Rolls-Royce did exactly the same. Owners able to afford the hefty $9,000 price tag for the basic car would then commission a coachwork company to build a body tailored to their own individual requirements.

The Duesenberg’s great attraction for the driver was its instrument panel which offered all the usual features but also several others including a stop-watch [16] .

It was the Duesenberg’s technology that lay behind its success as a racing car and they dominated the American racing scene in the 1920s winning the Indianapolis Grand Prix in 1924, ’25 and ’27.

On to another celebrity, the 1922 Leyat Helica. Only 30 of these French propeller cars were built [17] and the model here at Goodwood, which was the fourth to be made, is thought to be the only surviving example still capable of running.

The brains behind this car was Marcel Leyat who was an aviation pioneer first and foremost, and the influence of flying is quite apparent in the car. The Leyat very strongly resembles a light aircraft [18]  with its front propeller but in this case it’s minus any wings [19] of course!

It’s quite odd to think that this car was whirring through France, just as the Duesenberg was blasting down roads at 160 kilometres per hour across the Atlantic. The Leyats were used regularly in France in the 1920s and were even produced in saloon and van form, as well as two-seater. The Leyat matched its propeller drive with its equally bizarre steering which used the rear rather than the front wheels [20] ! But despite looking rather frail, it was a tough machine. In fact, when troops tried to steal it during the Second World War, the car’s baffling design was clearly beyond the would-be thieves and it ended up being driven into a tree, breaking the propeller. IELTS Listening Section 3 Tutor: Good morning everyone. Well I think we can start straightaway by getting Rosie and Mike to do their presentation. Would you like to start, Rosie?

Rosie: Yes, well, urn, we’ve done a survey on local entertainment. Basically, we tried to find out how students feel about the entertainment in the town and how much they use it.

Mike: Yes, so we’ve called our project ‘Out and About’ [21] Mind the capitalisation as it is a title.

Tutor: Yes, that’s a good title! ‘Out and About’.

Rosie: We wanted to find out how well students use the entertainment facilities in town … whether they get to see the latest plays, films … that kind of thing.

Tutor: Now, we have our own facilities on campus of course …

Rosie: Yes, we deliberately omitted those as we really wanted to examine outside entertainment in the town as opposed to on the university campus. [22]

Mike: Actually there were a lot of areas to choose from but in the end we limited ourselves to looking at three general categories: cinema, theatre and music.

Tutor: Right.

Rosie: OK. Well, first of all cinema. In the town, there are three main places where you can see films. There’s the new multi-screen cinema complex, the old Park cinema, and a late-night Odeon.

Mike: So if you look at this chart … in terms of audience size, the multi-screen complex accounts for 75% of all cinema seats [23] , the Park Cinema, accounts for 20% of seats and the late-night Odeon has just 5% of seats .

Rosie: As you probably know, the Complex and the Park show all the latest films, while the late-night cinema tends to show cult films. So, when we interviewed the students, we thought the Complex would be the most popular choice of cinema … but surprisingly it was the late-night Odeon [24] .

Mike: Yeah, and most students said that if they wanted to see a new film, they waited for it to show at the Park because the complex is more expensive and further out of town so you have to pay more to get there as well.

Tutor: Yes, and that adds to the cost, of course, and detracts from the popularity [24] , evidently .

Rosie: Well, next, we looked at theatres. The results here were interesting because, as you know, there’s a theatre on campus, which is popular. But there’s also the Stage Theatre in town, which is very old and architecturally quite beautiful. And there’s the large, modern theatre, the Ashtop, that has recently been built.

Tutor: So you just looked at the two theatres in town?

Mike: Yes. But the thing about the theatres is that there’s a whole variety of seat prices. Also, the types of performance vary … so students tend to buy seats at both and like using both for different reasons [25] and if they want cheap seats at the Ashtop, they can just sit further from the front.

Rosie: What we did find that was very interesting is that there are periods during the year when students seem to go to the theatre and periods when they go to the cinema and we really think that’s to do with budget. If you look at this graph, you can see that there’s a peak around November/December when they go to the theatre more and then a period in April/May when neither is particularly popular [26] and then theatre viewing seems to trail off virtually while the cinema becomes quite popular in June/July [26] .

Tutor: Hmm. I think you’re probably right about your conclusions.

Mike: Well, lastly we looked at music. And this time we were really investigating the sort of small music clubs that offer things like folk or specialise in local bands.

Tutor: So not musicals as such.

Mike: That’s right.

Rosie: We looked at three small music venues and we examined the quality of the entertainment and venue and gave a ranking for these: a cross meaning that the quality was poor, a tick meaning it was OK and two ticks for excellent. First of all, The Blues Club, which obviously specialises in blues music. This was a pretty small place and the seating was minimal so we didn’t give that a very good rating. [27]

Mike: No! We don’t recommend that one really.

Rosie: Then The Sansue which plays a lot of South American music was a big place, very lively, good performers so two ticks for that one [28] .

The Pier Hotel is a folk venue … a good place for local and up-and-coming folk artists to play. Not the best of venues as it’s in a basement and a bit dark but the quality of the entertainment was reasonable and the lighting was very warm so we felt it deserved an average rating. [29]

Finally, there’s the Baldrock Cafe which features big rock bands and is pretty popular with students and we enjoyed ourselves there as well, so top marks for that one. [30] IELTS Listening Section 4 Lecturer: In the last lecture, we looked at the adverse effects of desert dust on global climate. Today we’re going to examine more closely what causes dust storms and what other effects they can have. As you know, dust storms have always been a feature of desert climates, but what we want to focus on today is the extent to which human activity is causing them [31] . And it is this trend that I want to look at, because it has wide-ranging implications.

So – what are these human activities ? Well, there are two main types that affect the wind erosion process, and thus the frequency of dust storms. There are activities that break up naturally wind-resistant surfaces such as off-road vehicle use and construction and there are those that remove protective vegetation cover from soils, for example, mainly farming and drainage . [32] In many cases the two effects occur simultaneously which adds to the problem.

Let’s look at some real examples and see what I’m talking about. Perhaps the best-known example of agricultural impact on desert dust is the creation of the USA’s ‘dust bowl’ in the 1930s. The dramatic rise in the number of dust storms during the latter part of that decade was the result of farmers mismanaging their land. In fact, choking dust storms became so commonplace that the decade became known as the ‘Dirty Thirties’. [33]

Researchers observed a similar, but more prolonged, increase in dustiness in West Africa between the 1960s and the 1980s when the frequency of the storms rose to 80 a year and the dust was so thick that visibility was reduced to 1,0 metres. This was a hazard to pilots and road users.

In places like Arizona, the most dangerous dust clouds are those generated by dry thunderstorms. [34] Here, this type of storm is so common that the problem inspired officials to develop an alert system to warn people of oncoming thunderstorms. When this dust is deposited it causes all sorts of problems for machine operators.   [35] It can penetrate the smallest nooks and crannies and play havoc with the way things operate because most of the dust is made up of quartz which is very hard.

Another example – the concentration of dust originating from the Sahara has risen steadily since the mid-1960s.

This increase in wind erosion has coincided with a prolonged drought, [36] which has gripped the Sahara’s southern fringe. Drought is commonly associated with an increase in dust-raising activity but it’s actually caused by low rainfall which results in vegetation dying off.

One of the foremost examples of modern human-induced environmental degradation is the drying up of the Aral Sea in Central Asia. Its ecological demise dates from the 1950s when intensive irrigation began in the then Central Asian [37] republics of the USSR. This produced a dramatic decline in the volume of water entering the sea from its two major tributaries. In 1960, the Aral Sea was the fourth-largest lake in the world, but since that time it has lost two-thirds of its volume [38] , its surface area has halved and its water level has dropped by more than 216 metres. A knock-on effect of this ecological disaster has been the release of significant new sources of wind-blown material, as the water level has dropped.