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• Maintain Academic Integrity: While using online services, it’s crucial to maintain academic integrity. Use the purchased research paper as a reference or a guide, and avoid submitting it as your own work.
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What Is The Difference Between Research Paper and Essay

Table of contents

Understand the assignment, choose a research paper topic, conduct preliminary research, develop a thesis statement, create a research paper outline, write a first draft of the research paper, write the introduction, write a compelling body of text, write the conclusion, the second draft, the revision process, research paper checklist, free lecture slides.

Completing a research paper successfully means accomplishing the specific tasks set out for you. Before you start, make sure you thoroughly understanding the assignment task sheet:

• Read it carefully, looking for anything confusing you might need to clarify with your professor.
• Identify the assignment goal, deadline, length specifications, formatting, and submission method.
• Make a bulleted list of the key points, then go back and cross completed items off as you’re writing.

Carefully consider your timeframe and word limit: be realistic, and plan enough time to research, write, and edit.

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There are many ways to generate an idea for a research paper, from brainstorming with pen and paper to talking it through with a fellow student or professor.

You can try free writing, which involves taking a broad topic and writing continuously for two or three minutes to identify absolutely anything relevant that could be interesting.

You can also gain inspiration from other research. The discussion or recommendations sections of research papers often include ideas for other specific topics that require further examination.

Once you have a broad subject area, narrow it down to choose a topic that interests you, m eets the criteria of your assignment, and i s possible to research. Aim for ideas that are both original and specific:

• A paper following the chronology of World War II would not be original or specific enough.
• A paper on the experience of Danish citizens living close to the German border during World War II would be specific and could be original enough.

Note any discussions that seem important to the topic, and try to find an issue that you can focus your paper around. Use a variety of sources , including journals, books, and reliable websites, to ensure you do not miss anything glaring.

Do not only verify the ideas you have in mind, but look for sources that contradict your point of view.

• Is there anything people seem to overlook in the sources you research?
• Are there any heated debates you can address?
• Do you have a unique take on your topic?
• Have there been some recent developments that build on the extant research?

In this stage, you might find it helpful to formulate some research questions to help guide you. To write research questions, try to finish the following sentence: “I want to know how/what/why…”

A thesis statement is a statement of your central argument — it establishes the purpose and position of your paper. If you started with a research question, the thesis statement should answer it. It should also show what evidence and reasoning you’ll use to support that answer.

The thesis statement should be concise, contentious, and coherent. That means it should briefly summarize your argument in a sentence or two, make a claim that requires further evidence or analysis, and make a coherent point that relates to every part of the paper.

You will probably revise and refine the thesis statement as you do more research, but it can serve as a guide throughout the writing process. Every paragraph should aim to support and develop this central claim.

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A research paper outline is essentially a list of the key topics, arguments, and evidence you want to include, divided into sections with headings so that you know roughly what the paper will look like before you start writing.

A structure outline can help make the writing process much more efficient, so it’s worth dedicating some time to create one.

Your first draft won’t be perfect — you can polish later on. Your priorities at this stage are as follows:

• Maintaining forward momentum — write now, perfect later.
• Paying attention to clear organization and logical ordering of paragraphs and sentences, which will help when you come to the second draft.
• Expressing your ideas as clearly as possible, so you know what you were trying to say when you come back to the text.

You do not need to start by writing the introduction. Begin where it feels most natural for you — some prefer to finish the most difficult sections first, while others choose to start with the easiest part. If you created an outline, use it as a map while you work.

Do not delete large sections of text. If you begin to dislike something you have written or find it doesn’t quite fit, move it to a different document, but don’t lose it completely — you never know if it might come in useful later.

Paragraph structure

Paragraphs are the basic building blocks of research papers. Each one should focus on a single claim or idea that helps to establish the overall argument or purpose of the paper.

Example paragraph

George Orwell’s 1946 essay “Politics and the English Language” has had an enduring impact on thought about the relationship between politics and language. This impact is particularly obvious in light of the various critical review articles that have recently referenced the essay. For example, consider Mark Falcoff’s 2009 article in The National Review Online, “The Perversion of Language; or, Orwell Revisited,” in which he analyzes several common words (“activist,” “civil-rights leader,” “diversity,” and more). Falcoff’s close analysis of the ambiguity built into political language intentionally mirrors Orwell’s own point-by-point analysis of the political language of his day. Even 63 years after its publication, Orwell’s essay is emulated by contemporary thinkers.

Citing sources

It’s also important to keep track of citations at this stage to avoid accidental plagiarism . Each time you use a source, make sure to take note of where the information came from.

You can use our free citation generators to automatically create citations and save your reference list as you go.

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The research paper introduction should address three questions: What, why, and how? After finishing the introduction, the reader should know what the paper is about, why it is worth reading, and how you’ll build your arguments.

What? Be specific about the topic of the paper, introduce the background, and define key terms or concepts.

Why? This is the most important, but also the most difficult, part of the introduction. Try to provide brief answers to the following questions: What new material or insight are you offering? What important issues does your essay help define or answer?

How? To let the reader know what to expect from the rest of the paper, the introduction should include a “map” of what will be discussed, briefly presenting the key elements of the paper in chronological order.

The major struggle faced by most writers is how to organize the information presented in the paper, which is one reason an outline is so useful. However, remember that the outline is only a guide and, when writing, you can be flexible with the order in which the information and arguments are presented.

One way to stay on track is to use your thesis statement and topic sentences . Check:

• topic sentences against the thesis statement;
• topic sentences against each other, for similarities and logical ordering;
• and each sentence against the topic sentence of that paragraph.

Be aware of paragraphs that seem to cover the same things. If two paragraphs discuss something similar, they must approach that topic in different ways. Aim to create smooth transitions between sentences, paragraphs, and sections.

The research paper conclusion is designed to help your reader out of the paper’s argument, giving them a sense of finality.

Trace the course of the paper, emphasizing how it all comes together to prove your thesis statement. Give the paper a sense of finality by making sure the reader understands how you’ve settled the issues raised in the introduction.

You might also discuss the more general consequences of the argument, outline what the paper offers to future students of the topic, and suggest any questions the paper’s argument raises but cannot or does not try to answer.

You should not :

• Offer new arguments or essential information
• Take up any more space than necessary
• Begin with stock phrases that signal you are ending the paper (e.g. “In conclusion”)

There are four main considerations when it comes to the second draft.

• Check how your vision of the paper lines up with the first draft and, more importantly, that your paper still answers the assignment.
• Identify any assumptions that might require (more substantial) justification, keeping your reader’s perspective foremost in mind. Remove these points if you cannot substantiate them further.
• Be open to rearranging your ideas. Check whether any sections feel out of place and whether your ideas could be better organized.
• If you find that old ideas do not fit as well as you anticipated, you should cut them out or condense them. You might also find that new and well-suited ideas occurred to you during the writing of the first draft — now is the time to make them part of the paper.

The goal during the revision and proofreading process is to ensure you have completed all the necessary tasks and that the paper is as well-articulated as possible. You can speed up the proofreading process by using the AI proofreader .

Global concerns

• Confirm that your paper completes every task specified in your assignment sheet.
• Check for logical organization and flow of paragraphs.
• Check paragraphs against the introduction and thesis statement.

Fine-grained details

Check the content of each paragraph, making sure that:

• each sentence helps support the topic sentence.
• no unnecessary or irrelevant information is present.
• all technical terms your audience might not know are identified.

Next, think about sentence structure , grammatical errors, and formatting . Check that you have correctly used transition words and phrases to show the connections between your ideas. Look for typos, cut unnecessary words, and check for consistency in aspects such as heading formatting and spellings .

Finally, you need to make sure your paper is correctly formatted according to the rules of the citation style you are using. For example, you might need to include an MLA heading  or create an APA title page .

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Checklist: Research paper

I have followed all instructions in the assignment sheet.

My introduction presents my topic in an engaging way and provides necessary background information.

My introduction presents a clear, focused research problem and/or thesis statement .

My paper is logically organized using paragraphs and (if relevant) section headings .

Each paragraph is clearly focused on one central idea, expressed in a clear topic sentence .

Each paragraph is relevant to my research problem or thesis statement.

I have used appropriate transitions  to clarify the connections between sections, paragraphs, and sentences.

My conclusion provides a concise answer to the research question or emphasizes how the thesis has been supported.

My conclusion shows how my research has contributed to knowledge or understanding of my topic.

My conclusion does not present any new points or information essential to my argument.

I have provided an in-text citation every time I refer to ideas or information from a source.

I have included a reference list at the end of my paper, consistently formatted according to a specific citation style .

I have thoroughly revised my paper and addressed any feedback from my professor or supervisor.

I have followed all formatting guidelines (page numbers, headers, spacing, etc.).

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It really is as easy as 1-2-3. Just these few simple steps and you’ll have your sample research paper in hand, written to your specifications, on your schedule. We strive to ensure that each and every time you buy a research paper through Ultius, it conforms to your exact needs. But we also realize that sometimes changes need to be made. Rest easy; we offer a free revision service for those little changes or rearrangements that will elevate your research paper from good to perfect!

Consider ordering a higher level writer. They cost more, but they’re the best of the best.

When you buy a research paper through Ultius, you get some amazing benefits

The support of a skilled team is something we at Ultius are proud to provide at every stage

Our Quality Assurance team will ensure that every time you order a research paper, it meets your needs as closely as possible. Each order is carefully reviewed by our Quality Assurance agents to ensure that it is on time, the writing is of the highest possible quality, and that your specific instructions are followed precisely. Only after meeting these strict criteria is your order approved and released to you: never late, always great.

Our Client Success team is always here for you

Everyone has questions when ordering a product custom created for their needs. Our Client Success team guides you effortlessly through the process as you buy research papers and will happily explain anything you aren’t sure about.

Always here, 24/7

We offer support on your schedule. Our Client Success Specialists are standing by 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, available whenever you need them.

Multiple ways to get support

We offer several ways to contact us to make things even easier for you. Choose phone, email, or live chat to get the answers you need, when you need them.

Getting it right

We know that changes are sometimes necessary. Our free revisions help you address that final point or add that little extra bit of polish that will make your custom written research paper truly extraordinary.

Our Quality Assurance and Client Success teams are committed to ensuring that your experience as an Ultius customer is the best it can be. We work night and day to make sure each and every time you use our research paper writing service , you get the highest quality content possible.

Don’t be shy about sharing instructions. The writer can only work with what you give them.

Common questions when you pay for a research paper

If you’ve never bought a paper before, we’re here to answer any questions you have before you buy

Your questions and concerns are of the utmost importance to us as your writer fulfills your research paper purchase. We realize, however, that you might not even be sure where to begin. Here are some of the more commonly asked questions our customers have when placing an order. These range from writer experience and qualifications to topics or research materials. We’ll do our very best to answer them all for you here.

You can communicate with your writer throughout the process. You have the option to leave detailed instructions or to simply provide a topic and let the writer work out the details. They are experts in this kind of document and want to help you succeed.

Our writers are highly experienced researchers with access to books, scholarly writings, and peer-reviewed journals. Simply let your writer know where the source materials must come from and they will be sure to draw from appropriate sources.

We love to make connections here at Ultius. We especially love to connect a client with a writer that they love. You will have the option to request a writer with whom you have previously worked through our “requested writer” option.

If your question was not answered, check out the FAQ section for other questions or concerns. You can also contact Ultius 24/7 via phone (toll-free included), SMS, live chat, email or Facebook Messenger. We look forward to hearing from you.

These are just a few of the questions you may have when placing an order with Ultius. You can view many additional frequently asked questions by visiting our Support Desk. If you still can’t find the answers you seek, Client Success is just one step away to help you with whatever you need!

Example research papers from Ultius writers

The writers that work with Ultius are no strangers to research papers. Here are a few examples you can check out now

It’s always a good idea to get an idea of what you are buying before you open your wallet. For that reason, we’ve included an assortment of sample research papers created by some of the finest writers. These are the same individuals who will be crafting your custom order. As you can see, our writers cover a broad range of topics and conduct top notch research to ensure that when you order a research paper, it meets all your expectations.

These are just a few of the many topics that can be chosen when you pay for a research paper through Ultius. We have plenty more samples for you to browse to make certain that our custom writing services will cater to your specific needs.

Components of a great research paper

Primary sources, a strong thesis statement, an outline, and knowing your structure are keys to a great research paper

A great research paper is a product of its parts, just as weak parts make up a flimsy whole; and nobody looking to buy research papers wants a flimsy product. The following is a breakdown of the various parts that go into an effective research paper and strategies for making those parts as strong as possible. The three most important elements of a good research paper include: proper planning and outlining, formulating a strong thesis statement, and selecting quality sources.

1 Have an outline

An outline helps you organize the structure of your research paper

An outline helps you organize your thoughts and create a strategy for your essay including these critical concerns:

• Form a thesis statement that is decisive, focused, and can be objectively supported
• Select scholarly evidence and organize it logically to most effectively present your argument and findings
• Form a succinct, coherent conclusion that touches on all key elements and summarizes your point

By pre-planning your research paper through outlining, the final product will be more cohesive and successful. Many clients choose to pay for a research paper outline and then complete the final document themselves.

2 Have a strong research thesis

Your thesis is the main point your research paper will make or address

The thesis statement is the core of an effective research paper. The thesis is not only the central idea of your document, but also expresses the intent of the piece. A good thesis in a research paper not only states a claim, but also suggests how the research will build upon that claim to both inform and expand upon the chosen topic.

3 Use primary sources

Good research papers rely heavily on primary sources rather than secondary ones

Creating a good research paper requires knowing how to identify and use both primary and secondary sources:

• Primary sources provide first hand evidence of an event or study
• Secondary sources tend to be analyses or discussions that use primary sources as reference material
• Secondary sources can provide context and supporting commentary, but only primary sources can provide objective facts

Properly implemented, both primary and secondary sources can strongly contribute to a research paper. And you can expect to receive both, used and cited correctly, any time you pay for a research paper through Ultius.

How to produce an excellent research paper

The following steps below will help ensure your research paper is done correctly

Once you have selected your sources and created a framework for your research paper with an outline, all that’s left to do is fill in the blanks. Many writers stumble at this point in the process, but if you have created an effective thesis, chosen strong sources, and devised a strategy for tying it all together, the rest is a snap! You can buy a research paper to have it done for you, but if you’d rather do it yourself, see how with the following steps:

Step 1: Use your outline to structure your paper

Your outline contains the basic structure you’ll use to begin writing your paper

Your outline is your skeleton. Each number in your outline represents a section of the completed research paper. All that remains is to add the text. The outline provides all the ideas, it just needs details, conjunctions, and transitions. Adding these elements is surprisingly easy once you get going. You know what need to be written about; now just sit and write.

Step 2: Writing your introduction

Your research paper introduction should introduce your thesis

An introduction catches the attention of your reader. Writing an effective introduction is integral to an effective research paper and mastery of this critical section is just one of the reasons Ultius is the best place to buy a research paper online.

• Start with a hook. Your opening sentence should entice your reader
• Provide some context to the hook or a bit of detail. Don’t get carried away, though. You have the whole of the paper to spend on details.
• The thesis statement should finish off the introduction, stating what you intend to explore or explain. The thesis is the payoff to the hook and establishes why one should continue reading

A good introduction gets things rolling and ensures that your reader continues reading to the very end.

Step 3: Writing your main body

The body of your research paper is where the bulk of the writing will take place

The body of the research paper contains the evidence you are presenting to prove your thesis. This needs to be organized so that it flows logically from one point to the next and that ideas transition naturally into one another. Writers often struggle here, not with the presentation of evidence, but the organization of it. Organizing the ideas in the body of a research paper contributes greatly to its effectiveness and a task that many choose to hand over to a professional when they pay for research papers.

Step 4: Cite your sources

Depending on the format of your research paper, you may be required to include an annotated bibliography

The citation style of a research paper can contribute to the way it is organized. Some styles require an annotated bibliography which is a brief justification of the value of each chosen source to the research. Each citation method contains its own specific set of criteria and each requires different formatting. Literature tends to use MLA, history often uses Chicago or Turabian styles, and social sciences often utilize APA formatting. When you buy research papers through Ultius, you are also paying for an expert in academic styles.

Step 5: Review and edit

Double check your paper for any errors in grammar or spelling and that your research and citations are correct

Revision is key! Once the writing is done the project is really only half over. Revision and rewriting are what make a good research paper truly great. Only through revision can errors be caught, missed details can be supplied and ideas that just don’t seem to work can be replaced. Revision makes everything in writing better. It is not the product of poor writing; it is the cause of great writing.

The revision phase of the writing process is essential in perfecting a research paper. Have a friend, peer, or professional review and revise your essay. Not only does Ultius provide custom writing, but it is also the best place to buy research paper editing, as well.

If you’ve written your own research paper, consider having it professionally edited .

Buying research papers is good for your future

As Business Insider noted in an article, performing well in school translates to performing well in your chosen profession. This is never more true than in research oriented fields where knowing the language and the methods of solid research writing will be an everyday requirement. Even for those who choose a career path completely unrelated to research, there is value in understanding the scientific method of exploring and resolving a research based thesis.

Additional help and resources

Creating your own research paper can seem very difficult at times. There is, however, a vast array of resources available online. Ultius offers an extensive writing help section where you can find answers to any questions you may have to help make the experience of writing your own research paper an easy and enjoyable experience even if you don’t wish to pay for a research paper.

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With every order, you can count on the following:

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Every order comes with these free features:

• 275 Words Per Page
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Enjoy 15% off your first order

Connect with a professional writer by placing your first order. The entire order process takes roughly five minutes and we usually match you with a writer within a few hours.

Enter code newcust during checkout and save money on your first order.

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Fair Use Policy

Ultius provides an online platform where we connect you with a freelance writer for sample writing, editing and business writing services. The company encourages and expects fair use of our services. Here are the guidelines.

Order Revisions i

The company offers free revisions, but there are some limitations like the deadline and whether we met the original instructions.

Sample Writing ii

Custom sample services are for model and reference use only. When referencing our work, you must use a proper citation.

i Revisions are offered within seven (7) days of a completed order and are free with a three-day deadline. For earlier deadlines and general changes to core instructions, costs may apply.

ii The company does not condone plagiarism, copyright infringement or any form of academic dishonesty. All provided sample services must only be used for reference purposes while being cited properly. Please read the Fair Use Policy.

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Buy a Research Paper Online

Expertly crafted APA or MLA research papers from qualified writers in 35+ academic areas

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Professional Writers Team

In our service, we've gathered a vast group of skilled writers ready to assist you in enhancing your performance.

If you plan to buy a research paper online because your homework has begun to drive you mad, you’ve just found a platform with the best and most respectable academic experts. Years of hard work and unwavering loyalty to students brought TrustMyPaper to the point where we offer high-quality essay writing in various disciplines. Our writers apply unique approaches to each order, and they charge affordable prices that please students while also giving the writers themselves a chance to earn their living. If you’re curious about the kind of help we’re offering here, check out the details below!

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Finding a good academic writer is a true challenge. On the one hand, the market seems overcrowded, with endless experts vying for a position and claiming they are the best; on the other hand, many students complain about getting poor writing services. When you contact a company with the words, “I’d like to pay someone to write my paper for me,” you expect superior service. Our job is to make certain that you receive it. From the start, we make our recruiting demands clear: we are interested in top specialists with a strong academic background. These are educators, professional researchers, scholars, and talented writers who completed their education and gained relevant experience. They all speak English as their first language, and they passed various tests that proved the extent of their skills to us.

Every time you buy a research paper online, we compare your demands with the qualifications and skills of each expert. For example, let’s say you bought a Nursing paper at a university level, and your deadline is 3 days. We will seek a writer with a Ph.D. in Nursing who can provide you with the best paper in this period and has interest and experience with your topic. Our approach ensures that we make perfect writer-client matches.

You can speak with your writer personally; you can also browse their profiles and read the samples of their works to ascertain that they are the right people to handle your task. Our company provides a happiness guarantee: every writer must follow your instructions, craft an original paper, and send it to you on time. Each team member is doing everything to never deviate from this model, and based on the positive feedback from our customers, we’re succeeding in this endeavor.  

Key Features that Represent Our Service

If you are looking for a place to buy a research paper and are in a hurry, you need to know three defining features of our writing service. The first one is our plagiarism-free papers: we produce unique content. It’s a fact verified by plagiarism checkers and the rich experience of our talented writers.  You’ll see it with your eyes: we don’t mind sharing a plagiarism report as proof. The second feature is our 24/7 support for all customers. We are online in the morning, in the afternoon, and in the evening; we stay online even at night. Contact us with any questions, and rest assured you will receive a quick and precise answer. The third feature is the magnitude of our experience. At this moment, we have over 140,000 completed orders. It’s a huge number, and we only keep improving ourselves continuously.

Paper Writing Samples

We are pleased to share examples of writing that we've done for our clients.

Adolescent development 387.93 kB

• Number of pages: 2
• Urgency: 18 hours
• Academic level: High School
• Subject area: Psychology

Human Papilloma Virus 185.81 kB

• Number of pages: 6
• Urgency: 14 days
• Academic level: Freshman (College 1st year)
• Subject area: Healthcare&Medicine

Buy a Research Paper: Choose Human Writing

While AI is becoming even more popular today, we ignore its existence entirely. Our company focuses on human writing and expertise because only this approach can guarantee the most brilliant results. We choose the best experts for this goal, connecting you with someone who has appropriate qualifications and experience with your subject.  Both writers and managers adhere to clients’ instructions: if they have questions, they ask them ASAP to get started as soon as possible. When they begin their writing process, the experts thoroughly research, selecting suitable sources and combining them with their ideas. Their analysis is spectacular, just like their time management skills, so you’ll get a great and original paper right on time.

How to Buy Research Paper Online

If you’re thinking, “I wish someone could write my thesis for me , but I’m scared to spend money on an unknown result,” don’t worry; we understand where you are coming from. We suggest ordering one page before committing to a bigger project. This will allow you to test our service and to see what quality you could get. When you’re ready to place an order, follow these steps:

• Provide key details. Tell us about your assignment by choosing its academic level, urgency, and number of pages in the order form. If you’re a new client, tick the box with a 17% discount — it’s all yours! Proceed by uploading instructions, choosing your subject, formatting style, etc.
• Pay for your essay. Buy custom research paper via a safe payment method. The choice is vast: Visa, MasterCard, Discover, American Express, and Wire Transfer.
• Communicate with your writer. Discuss any details or share ideas. Ask questions if you have any.
• Download your paper. Get a copy by your deadline, and tell us your thoughts.

Note that we ask for pleasantly affordable prices. The lowest cost is $10.78. If your rate is higher and you don’t like it, consider changing some factors. For instance, set a longer deadline — this always lowers the price, or pick an easier academic level. High school papers are cheaper than college or university essays.  

Paper Writers’ base essay format

+ APA, MLA, Chicago, Turabian citation styles or any other of your choice

• 12-point Times New Roman
• 0.5’’ first line of paragraph
• double spaced 275 words/page
• 1’’ margin all around
• 0’’ between paragraphs
• single spaced 550 words/page

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We are constantly expanding the number of our benefits for the sake of our customers. If you came to us with a wish, “Please write my research paper for me today,” you will get that and more! This is what we can do for you:

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• We guarantee high quality. When buying college term papers online from us, you receive top quality because our writers are verified professionals. We also offer free revisions and effortless refunds in case of any problems. This helps us guarantee your ultimate satisfaction.  
• You can speak with any member of our team. As mentioned, we are online 24/7, always around to give you a hand. Contact operators, speak with managers, or start communicating with your writer. We are all available to you.
• We handle even urgent deadlines. Great news: you can buy college research papers online even when your time is out. We are capable of completing your assignment within 3 hours. Don’t concern yourself with time, our top writers know how to work at breakneck speed.

More Writing Advantages Just for You

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Choosing Your Formatting When Buying a Research Paper Online

Since our writers have excellent qualifications and received higher education, handling any formatting style is fine. They are familiar with all styles, from MLA to Chicago, APA, and others. Order any of them or send us a template. We’ll adapt to it momentarily.

Range of Services and Payment Mechanics

TrustMyPaper works with different subjects and academic levels. Whether it’s English, Business, Engineering, Sociology, Religion, or anything else, we’ll find the right expert for you. Students can buy nursing and medical papers, Chemistry lab reports, and college applications — we’ll help them with everything. You can order projects on a high school, college, Master’s, or Doctoral level. Also, did you know that your writer won’t receive payment from you until you confirm that you like the essay they provided? That’s right, we withhold the money to ensure we meet your demands. This adds safety to your client experience with us.

Safety and Ethics that Keep You Safe

No one will learn that you chose to buy a research paper from our firm. Yes, you share some information about yourself when placing an order, but we never disclose or share it with random parties. We adhere to rigid safety standards in all our work processes, so there is no reason to worry.

Some students wonder how ethical it is to buy custom research papers. If this is your first order, you might have the same question. You’ll be happy to know that ordering essays is entirely legal — you purchase academic assistance akin to tutoring. You can use them as samples, relying on them to show you what an accurate structure, research, and formatting look like. The works we provide serve as your inspiration that pushes you into creating your works.

Our Reputation: How Other Customers See Us

Before buying a research paper, reading reviews and seeing what previous clients thought about a service makes sense. We invite you to do this with our firm as well. Check what other TrustMyPaper reviews say, and you’ll feel relief because most of them are positive! We invest a ton of effort into our papers, and our clients reap the benefits of it. Our service is instantly available, original, and timely; it has the highest quality, and we are certain you'll love your research paper as much as your fellow students did.

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If complex research is looming ahead and you’d love to get some assistance, contact TrustMyPaper and describe your request in detail. We offer low rates for top writing quality and multiple safety guarantees. Total privacy, revisions, and refunds guard your satisfaction while our operators are constantly on high alert, ready to rescue you immediately. Give yourself a chance to relax. Give your research to us, and watch us do our academic magic with it!  

Is there a way to make sure that my research is unique?

When you buy research papers online, we guarantee your confidentiality from start to finish. Ask for a plagiarism report, and we will send it to you immediately; check your research paper via any other plagiarism checker, and you’ll see its 100% originality rate.

Is it illegal to buy research papers?

No, it is not. As our policies stipulate, students buy a research paper as a sample for gaining inspiration and seeing what an ideal research paper looks like. There is nothing illegal about it.

How expensive is it to order your essay writing services?

Our company asks for fully affordable prices: one page will cost you just $10.78. There is also a great 17% discount for new clients: apply it if you’re buying a custom research paper for the first time.

Can I use my credit card to pay, and how safe is it?

Yes, you can pay for your order with your credit card. We don't care about Visa, American Express, MasterCard, or Discover — just select the method you trust and buy the essay you want.

Does your firm protect my privacy?

Of course, we do. Being the best site to buy research papers online from, we secure your personal information with the help of various protocols. You are not taking risks, as no one will learn about your order.

TrustMyPaper guarantees that all of your personal and financial information will be safe. Our customers' order and payment details are protected by the highest level of security.

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Breath deeply, then chill. Your buy research papers cheap quest ends on our website. Stop browsing through any more sites. Now it’s high time to order works you need, then enjoy life. Specifically, given how low we’ve made our prices! Our service brings students joy by offering really affordable writing fees. We make sure everyone can afford a quality research paper for sale that costs little.

Buy cheap research paper from our company. Reasonably-priced quality will become clear. Order beforehand when there’s plenty of time left until submission. Appreciate good prices, yet receive premier services. 

Interested sides can buy a research paper for reasonable price on StudyCrumb. Our service takes care of students with scarce budgets, as well as those who want premium services. We have something for everyone. Order now, witness positive results personally.

Buy Research Papers Urgently 

Among best websites to buy research papers, StudyCrumb is special. What’s that? We’re really fast! Same-day writing is available for all tasks, except for dissertations maybe. Buy a 10 page research paper that our experts will finish in 12 hours. Why not? We deal with urgent deadlines every day.  

It’s totally okay when engaged parties want to buy a research paper urgently. Many of us put assignments in cold storage when in college. Forgetting about tasks is rather human, especially when there’s work pending or relatives who need looking after. That’s why our polyglots will gladly help you fit into any schedule by the means of custom research papers .   

Students can easily buy argumentative research paper urgently. No matter how pressed for time, our experts will nevertheless produce 5-star assignments. Original and timely-written, our writings will bring you excellent grades.

What Our Customers Say

Buy college research papers from a company that scores 96% client satisfaction rate. Here’s why thousands of students choose StudyCrumb.

Great service! Thanx guys! I’m a regular customer who decided to buy more complex research paper. Been a little worried at the beginning but my writings turned out fine. Btw they gave me a discount on my assignment for bringing a friend, which I gladly used and saved a good buck))) Cheers people!

Was hesitant at first because never used such site before. Already got few essays and one big research paper. No complaints on my side, work is good give or take. Instructor never said a thing, guess all is good then;))0

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To begin with, I usually write research papers myself. But this time I caught a cold and couldn’t perform the task up to the mark, as always. That’s why I decided to outsource the assignment from Studycrumb. The result came back as if I did it myself, which was a bit of a surprise))) Thank you a lot for helping me when the situation was critical!

I mostly used a couple of research paper services. Last month I was on a budget and needed a cheap yet compelling writer. Came across this one here and gave this service a try. Support reps seemed friendly, helping me around the site. Writing quality is the same as that of more expensive companies I worked with before. I dare saying that Study crumb is cheaper and better in total than the rest.

I had the fortune of choosing this service to help relieve me from writing workload two weeks ago when I had several exams to tackle. Got my order finished 4 hours before I specified I wanted my research paper. No grammatical or stylistic errors found, APA was used correctly. I agree with others that Studycrumb is a reliable service, not a scam for sure.

I am a non-native speaker here! My English is average at best. Must use research paper services to get by in college. I confirm rather skilled writers who produce nice writings, highly recommendable. There was nothing to edit or revise after completion. Received good marks. Please use this service

Absolute win, don’t know why I even bothered writing research papers before! I admit all these positive reviews don’t lie. Was a bit afraid at first, then all was fine. My order was performed by someone with strong English, maybe better than my own;)) Saved me a great deal of time, for what I’m eternally grateful.

Ordered research paper due in 5 days, it came back in 4, which didn’t cost me a thing, thanks for that!)) As for quality, it’s alright. Basically nothing to argue about, no revisions required. My writer? They were friendly, didn’t take too long to reply to my messages. Received the initial draft, which was good. Already turned my work in and got a positive mark. Kudos!

The service is among the good ones, the support replied to my each question very professionally. Been getting nothing less than A and B for my research papers. Two or three days is a perfect deadline for such type of work. Found a perfect balance of quality and price. I recommend this service to everyone!

Have Any Doubts? Check Our Sample!

Take a look at a free example to see the quality we provide before buying a research paper.

Purchase Research Papers With Ease

Purchase college research papers easily as ABC! Simply share your requirements, and we'll handle everything else.

Specify order details and attach the necessary files. Provide detailed instructions to make sure that everyone stays on the same page.

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Easily monitor the progress of the order and contact your personal writer from your Customer dashboard if you need to discuss more details.

Once your work is good to go, you will be able to review it and check whether it meets your needs. Download work to any device and leave your review.

FAQ About Buying Research Paper

Have inquiries about our research papers to buy online? Our managers resolved all frequently asked questions right below.

1. Where can I buy research papers?

Best site to buy research papers is StudyCrumb.com. Students can benefit from skilled lexicologists, flexible deadlines, customer-friendly help center, low prices, as well as free revisions. Stunning price-offs also attract students from all over our country.

2. Is it safe to buy a research paper online?

It’s safe to purchase college research papers online from companies that guarantee no plagiarism. Submitting nonoriginal works is tricking. So if students buy research papers that don’t incorporate plagiarism, then it’s licit because it’s not cheating.

3. Why should I buy a research paper online?

Most students buy research paper writing because of three crucial reasons. First, we can say time is lacking. Second, many US students buy research paper for college because they speak English as their second language. And third, lots of would-be graduates have work or family. In any case, sites like StudyCrumb help aspiring graduates manage their daily workload.

4. How to purchase professional research papers?

Students who need to purchase a research paper should shop on expert sites. Provide as many details as possible. Stay tuned by knowing every facet of how writing unravels by contacting your grammatist often. The best way to order a research paper is beforehand. In this way, prices will be lower than usual.

5. Can I order a research paper outline?

It’s viable to buy a research paper outline on StudyCrumb. Procure this service by visiting our order page. Then, define your preferred type of work. Our writers will draw up that outline for you. In addition, you could buy new work based on that outline from respective experts, too.

6. I need to buy non plagiarized research paper.

Buy original research papers on StudyCrumb, non-plagiarized as well as genuine. Writers examine their documents for plagiarism in front of submission. After that, our QAD editors verify content, including grammar, compliance with order instructions, as well as plagiarism.

Due date is right around the corner?

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Order Research Paper from Experienced Writers

Order research paper online and achieve magnificent results with professional academic writers at your fingertips. StudyCrumb nurtures diversity and works with competent specialists in various disciplines. Look through the experts’ profiles and ratings, then hire an expert who ticks all the boxes.

Janice did my research paper really well. I enjoyed the topic she came up with for me, as well as the overall level of writing. The price fit my budget, too!

Hesitated at first but then was pressed for time, so I bought a research paper from this writer. Generally, I’m satisfied with the result and will definitely get their help next time.

Reach the writer to clarify the details.

No chance I could’ve finished my research paper on time if it wasn’t Mike who turned things around! In times of need, he did an excellent job on my order. Already got an A!

Had some trouble understanding the topic. That’s why I decided why not to delegate my task to someone who does. Gwen turned out to be a guru in Politics, so she aced the task very much to my liking.

My father told me once that if I can’t do anything myself, I should find someone who does. The writer performed a great research paper, from scratch, without any plagiarism. My professor approved it on the first try.

Alicia is a very smark writer, attentive and professional. I chose her to write my research paper and can tell this writer is an expert. Communication was smooth and the result is awesome.

Requested a premium writer for my research paper. Was recommended to choose this writer who, basically, did everything great. From topic research to a conclusion, the writings emanated expertness.

Camila you’re my guardian angel! If not for you, I would’ve flopped the course for sure! With the help of this fantastic research paper writer, I’ve been able to finish my Psychology course successfully.

Whenever I face trouble with Math problems, I reach out to Kurt. He’s a real genius I must say. When tasked with this research paper, I contacted him for help, as usual. Together, we did a stunning job! Thanks.

Dependable help from a knowledgeable writer. My research paper was done exactly as I initially asked. Delivery was 2 hours before the deadline. Revisions weren’t needed. A plagiarism report was attached.

Best Research Paper Writing Services: The Top 7 You Need to Know About

• Technology & Innovation
• Emerging Tech
• TECH REVIEWS

It is not uncommon for students to struggle with research paper writing. It is an advanced college task that requires dedication, skills, and time. That’s why many students are in need of expert assistance to fulfill academic requirements.

Fortunately, there are plenty of service providers ready to help. However, finding the legit and credible one is a hustle. That’s why our team created this guide for research paper writers and the best online platforms.

We’ve tested and checked them to find the best seven providers for students. Choosing a suitable research paper writer from the best research paper service is the secret to success. We’ve evaluated the offers, prices, and quality of work provided. We’ve prepared full reviews so you know exactly where to go when you need high-quality assistance with your assignments.

Other criteria include delivery, customer support, and other features students might benefit from. All of these seven platforms are credible, legit, and professional. They all have excellent teams of writers ready to deliver outstanding papers on demand. In this guide, you’ll find the top service to go to when you need assistance with college tasks.

Top 7 Best Research Paper Writing Services Providers

Here is an overall rating of these seven research paper writing services before we dwell into details. We’ve focused on the main benefit each of them offers in terms of the research paper help.

• PaperWriter 🥇 | The Best Research Paper Help Overall | 9.9
• EssayPro 🥈 | The Top One for the US Students | 9.8
• WritePaper 🥉 | One of a Kind Team of Authors | 9.7
• EssayService | The Cheapest Research Paper Writing Services | 9.6
• EssayHub | The Best for Rushed Orders | 9.6
• DoMyEssay | The Best Range of Writing Services | 9.4
• Studyfy | The Best Non-STEM Research Paper Writing Service | 9.1

PaperWriter.com – Excellent Research Paper Writing Help

PaperWriter.com is our top pick overall because the service covers all the criteria completely. It provides high-quality and quick assistance to college students with a variety of assignments. The team assists with essays, dissertations, presentations, homework, and, of course, research papers. Because of the excellent team of writers and customer support professionals, it is the best research paper writing service out there. Students can quickly place an order and get it going.

Besides writing, the service delivers editing and rewriting, which is a great option to ensure your paper is outstanding. The quality of the papers satisfies all the academic requirements. The research is based on relevant and newest data, and all the papers are authentic.

• Wide range of services;
• Timely delivery and work with short deadlines (from 6 hours);
• Convenient price calculator;
• Transparent pricing and many free features like plagiarism reports, formatting, and unlimited revisions;
• Refund policy in place;
• Serious data protection and confidentiality;
• Comfortable ordering process in three clicks.
• The service doesn’t work with deadlines that are in less than 6 hours;
• The first time it might take you some time to choose a writer because the team is so big.

EssayPro.com – One of The Best Research Paper Writing Services in USA

When it comes to US higher education, there is no better research paper helper. EssayPro.com is an outstanding provider that focuses on US students. The team consists of US and Canadian residents who have graduated from these countries’ top universities. They know everything about local requirements and expectations from their first-hand experience.

Another great sign of credibility is that the business has been operating for more than a decade. It has an impressive track record of completed projects and satisfied customers. The team does admission essays, dissertations, case studies, term papers, and research papers writing on demand.

Also, it offers homework help and custom writing. So students can get assistance with anything they are struggling with. The support representatives are available round the clock and happy to answer any questions.

• The service offers assistance with anything students might struggle with;
• All the writers are from the US and Canada, which makes them experts in the local educational system;
• Reasonable pricing and a lot of free features, including originality report, title page, and choice of the best writer;
• A convenient method of placing an order and choosing an author (author profile features completed tasks, credentials, and reviews).
• The platform doesn’t work with extremely short deadlines.

WritePaper.com – Outstanding Research Paper Writers

Although every platform on this list has a solid team, WritePaper.com comes first when it comes to the best research paper writers. All of them are experts with many years of experience in the field. Some have a Master’s degree, but a vast majority have Ph.D. It makes the team fit to complete an assignment of any complexity, whether it is an essay, case study, or dissertation.

Each writer has a profile with stats on works completed, success rate, and reviews. You can also see their level of education and subjects of expertise. It makes the choice of an author for your order relatively easy.

The services include all types of college assignments along with homework help and personal statement writing. Students can also read the blog with plenty of tips and tricks on academic writing. Here you can also find experts to complete niche projects and subjects.

• Proficient and expert team of authors;
• Confidentiality and advanced data protection; 24/7 customer support;
• Additional focus on payment safety;
• Reasonable prices and a full money-back guarantee;
• Free originality reports to all orders, outlines, and formatting.
• There are fewer payment options because the platform trusts only some gates.

EssayService.com – The Cheapest of the Best Research Paper Writing Services

Some might think it is expensive to buy research papers online; however, it is not the case with EssayService. The provider knows that budget is crucial for many students, so it offers many deals and discounts. For example, the first order comes with a 15% discount, which is fantastic. It is a platform of choice for those who want to save some money without compromising on quality.

Besides the budget-friendly policy, the platform delivers a wide range of papers. The writers’ team is qualified and experienced. Students can order not only research assignments but also dissertations, essays, term papers, and MBA essays.

Also, custom writing is available. The platform has excellent reviews and hundreds of thousands of happy clients.

• Various deals and discounts that make writing assistance affordable;
• A lot of free features like plagiarism reports, edits, and formatting;
• Huge range of services from essays to book reviews and more;
• Individual approach to every order and style imitation service;
• To start, you only need to deposit one-third of the price.
• Finding a suitable author for very niche topics can take time, so it is better to start ordering beforehand.

EssayHub.com – The Best Website to Write My Research Paper in 3 Hours

If you need immediate assignment writing services, EssayHub is ready to help. You can find professional research paper writers that can provide outstanding papers in only 3 hours. So it is the best platform for quickly approaching deadlines.

Also, any paper gets an unlimited number of reviews. If you are not completely satisfied immediately, you can ask a writer to make changes. We were impressed by the quality and delivery.

The delivery is speedy, and all the texts are original. Students can ask for help with any type of text they have issues with. It includes such things as discussion board posts and book reports. So it is a one-stop for all kinds of college tasks, and that’s why the platform has a great percentage of returning customers.

• Extremely quick delivery of orders even with rushed deadlines;
• Experienced writers that can nail all types of assignments;
• Reasonable pricing and easy ordering process;
• Helpful blog with tips on academic writing;
• Ability to communicate with the writer during the process;
• Authentic and original content according to your specific requirements.
• The team is comparatively small, which means the platform can process a smaller number of orders overall.

DoMyEssay.com – The Best Range of Writing Services

Although all of the platforms in the list have impressive services, this one comes first. DoMyEssay can complete anything a student can think of, from a research paper to presentations, annotated bibliographies, and reflective writing texts. It is possible because the platform has a great team of writers with various qualifications.

Students can get assistance with Statistics coursework or ask for a creative writing assignment. Another considerable advantage of this service is that it has even college professors on the team. It allows for fulfilling requirements of any complexity. And it ensures the best results and the highest grades.

Students can also rest assured that their personal data is protected with the best measures. All the papers are authentic, original, and delivered just in time.

• With the broadest range of services out there, students can get assistance with anything;
• Reasonable prices with several free features included;
• Plagiarism report included in every order;
• Style imitation ensures that the paper looks as if you write it;
• Research is based only on credible and scientifically-approved sources;
• All clients get unlimited revisions to ensure satisfaction with the result.
• Payment options are a bit limited to only credible ones;
• The first order processing can take a bit longer.

StudyFy.com – The Best Non-STEM Research Paper Writing Service

This platform delivers help with various kinds of assignments, along with homework and coursework help. Also, the team offers rewriting and editing services to polish your work before submission. The team works best with non-STEM subjects, including Business, Art, Literature, Nursing, Geography, and many more.

Another fantastic feature of this platform is the resources tab. Students can find writing tools, samples, writing, and literature guides there. All of those resources help students to become better writers. Besides that, students can also read a blog with expert guidance on the matter. The best part is that those resources are free, and anyone can access them.

The pricing is reasonable, and the team delivers high-quality and unique papers. The support team representatives are very helpful and available 24/7. Overall, it is an amazing platform for non-STEM research papers.

• Qualified team to work with tasks of different academic levels;
• Original papers with plagiarism reports and unlimited revisions;
• All the necessary features are provided for free, including the outline, title page, and formatting;
• Full confidentiality and data security;
• A lot of valuable resources for students who want to become better writers;
• Great library of essay samples on various subjects;
• Works with rushed orders and deadlines.
• No special deals or discounts are available for students.

Here Is How We Chose Our Top Research Paper Writing Services

So how did we choose these seven platforms to feature in our guide? Here is how our process works.

First, we look for popular services with appropriate ratings. If many people have reviewed it four stars and higher, we want to get a closer look. It matters what sites they are evaluated at. And we also go through the testimonials to figure out the authenticity. At this stage, our team evaluates the legitimacy of a business. Only if it is clean, do we proceed with further inspections.

Secondly, we research the business and the services it offers. We evaluate the range of papers and the team. We look into the claims before we test them out. It is essential that the platform delivers various papers because it is a sign of a diverse and expert team.

Thirdly, we place an order and wait for the result. Based on that, we get to test customer support and service convenience. Another crucial criterion is how easy it is to start and place an order. It shows how user-friendly the site is. And that’s one of the significant factors in evaluating how much the business cares about clients.

And the fourth step is to analyze the received paper in terms of originality and quality. Of course, it is the main deciding factor in our investigation. After all, this is all it comes to – how reliable the platform is. Based on the papers we’ve received, all of these platforms have proven their expertise.

Other factors we consider include additional features, discounts, and prices. Although the average costs are approximately the same, if a platform offers special deals, it can make it significantly more budget-friendly.

Confidentiality and data security are also crucial. We choose only services that imply their websites’ newest and most robust data protection features. Cyber security is something everyone must care about, especially when it comes to paid services. It is how our team inspected these seven services to make sure they are the best when it comes to research papers.

1. How Fast Can They Write My Research Paper?

The delivery time depends hugely on the complexity of the task. The harder it is, the longer it will take an expert to research and write an excellent paper. Delivering essays is pretty fast, but a research paper requires deeper insight and might take more effort.

However, some of the services in this guide work with rushed deadlines. Usually, the minimum is 3 hours. But it is always better to place an order beforehand. First of all, the rushed deadlines might come at an additional fee. Secondly, there is little room for revisions and edits if the deadline is very tight.

2. Are Research Paper Writing Services Cheap?

The average price for academic writing is about $11 per page. But the estimation for each order depends on several major factors. These are the type of assignment, complexity, volume, and deadline.

For example, the higher the academic level of the paper, the more a student will need to pay. At the same time, all the services in our list provide a handful of free features. Those mean free plagiarism reports, unlimited revisions, formatting, outlining, and a title page. Taking all of that into consideration, the price is low.

Also, you get to work with the best in the industry and communicate with authors directly. Also, some of the platforms offer regular discounts and deals for students. It makes research paper writing even more affordable.

3. Who Will Write My Research Paper?

Students choose who will complete the order. All the services listed offer this for free. After you’ve stated your requirements, you can view writers’ profiles and decide who is the most suitable for the job.

You can view the number of completed tasks and the satisfaction rate to decide on that. Also, the profiles feature each professional’s qualifications and areas of expertise. They focus on 2-3 areas they are educated and experienced at. Some are experts in the Humanities, others in STEM.

Another good way to evaluate a writer’s expertise is to read through testimonials of students that worked with them already.

4. How Safe Is It to Use Research Paper Services?

Using any of these seven platforms is completely safe. We’ve gathered only legitimate businesses that have been on the market for years. They are well-established and secure. All of them care deeply about the confidentiality of customers.

They also use various data safety measures to ensure your cooperation remains confidential. Besides that, the platforms have clear terms and conditions along with refund policies. It means that there are no risks. Students can order their papers knowing that their data is secure and they get high-quality results.

5. How Does the Payment Work?

When you place an order, you receive the estimation for your paper. After that, you choose the writer and place a deposit. After getting the paper and confirming satisfaction, the deposit goes to the service.

Some services take only a fraction of the price as a deposit, making it even more convenient for students. Satisfaction means that you’ve read the paper and have no edits or reviews needed. The services accept credit and debit cards. Those are secure and safe payment services that protect all your sensitive information.

6. Why Do Students Use Research Paper Help?

Students might need assistance for various reasons. One of the most common ones is the lack of time. Students have to manage many responsibilities, and finding the right balance is often challenging. Maybe you are overloaded with tasks or have unexpected duties to fulfill. It becomes impossible to do everything on your own.

Professionals can write a paper from scratch, or they can edit and rewrite your work so that it is outstanding. Another primary reason why students opt for such services is that they need guidance.

Academic writing is complex and requires advanced skills. If you are not confident in your research or writing, getting an objective and expert perspective on that is a good idea.

7. How to Order a Research Paper?

To order the paper, you need to go to the website of the provider you’ve chosen from the list. All of them have a convenient ordering system. Students get to fill in the form. First, you need to specify all the fundamental requirements like academic level, type of paper, and deadline. Secondly, you need to put in all other additional requirements.

Usually, students can either type them in or upload a task document. These requirements include professor instructions, textbook information, style specifics, etc. The more specific you’ll be, the better the result you’ll get.

After that, you proceed to choose an author and place a deposit. You can chat with the author while they are working on your text. Students can check on the progress or share more details in person.

8. Will I Get the Original Papers?

Yes, all the papers provided by these services are original and plagiarism-free. We’ve investigated it based on our orders. Originality is one of the crucial demands in the academic world. That’s why professional platforms take pride in the authenticity of their assistance.

Every order is handled individually. There are no premade texts. A writer will start working on an order from scratch (unless you want rewriting or editing).

It begins with proper research of peer-reviewed and scientifically-approved sources. Then comes the outline, draft, and final version.

All the orders come with a plagiarism report so that customers can be confident that they get an original assignment. Also, the style imitation feature allows getting texts that are written in your unique way.

9. What Happens If I Do Not Like the Paper?

If you are dissatisfied, you can ask for as many reviews and edits as needed. In our experience, all the papers were of excellent quality. But miscommunications and errors can happen. If you feel something should be edited, ask the writer to do it without additional charges.

Also, the platforms in our list offer partial and complete refund policies. It is proof of a business being confident in the quality of services.

Final Thoughts Top Research Paper Writing Services Websites

Getting professional assistance with college papers is an excellent way to keep up with all the duties. It is also a powerful learning opportunity. Students can communicate with experts, get an objective perspective on their work, and learn from the best. But it is vital to know who to trust your time and money with. Our team wants to help students get the best services and avoid any risks. That’s why we’ve investigated these services to make sure they are the best in research paper writing.

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If you want to purchase research paper from a trusted company, then PaperHelp is your best choice. Their team has been working since 2013, and their experience and devotion have earned the company a stellar reputation. You can be absolutely sure that your order will be delivered on time. All the specialists at PaperHelp have degrees in different fields. Hence, they are capable of writing papers of any complexity in a wide range of disciplines.

According to customer feedback and our own experience, research paper writers at PaperHelp always meet the required deadlines and deliver plagiarism-free content. It’s also important to note that prices for academic writing services start from $13 per page, which is quite affordable compared to other services.

2. BBQPapers : Professional Writers, Top Quality

If you need to write a complex research paper but there’s no time for it, you should definitely turn to BBQPapers. This company specializes in advanced research paper writing, handling the most complex tasks. You can choose an expert with a Ph.D. degree in the most suitable field and get a paper of excellent quality delivered to you in a day. In fact, in-depth research skill is a strong point of any BBQPapers’ specialist.

They always conduct in-depth analysis and build college papers on impeccable logic. The good news is that the service offers competitive prices, so you won’t spend too much money on your homework. The rates start at $5.85 per 100 words for high school students and $6.77 per 100 words for individuals studying at college.

3. WritePaperForMe : Cheap Service

WritePaperForMe is a place where you can buy college research papers at an affordable price. If your budget is very limited, it could be the perfect solution. Although it offers custom papers at low prices, the quality remains relatively high. This is a case where professionalism and affordability go hand in hand.

At WritePaperForMe, you can primarily choose ESL writers who have an advanced command of English. Despite this, their professionalism shouldn’t be questioned. You will definitely receive your college research papers on time and at the lowest price. If you’re looking to purchase research papers from WritePaperForMe, the minimum rate per page starts at $6.99.

4. EssayPro : Best Bidding Platform

If you are looking for an old, reputable company, you should consider EssayPro. Many years of experience have made this website one of the best in its niche. You can connect with professional writers by learning about their qualifications and placing a bid for your work. Once you match with a specialist, discuss all the necessary details of your order and agree on a deadline.

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Buying research papers online is a legitimate way to advance in your academic career without burning out. However, it’s crucial to use well-regarded services to ensure plagiarism-free, high-quality writing.

We understand that the process of buying research paper online raises many questions and concerns, so we’ll answer the most commonly asked ones here. This way, you’ll know precisely where to find the best of the best.

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Price is one of the most important aspects to consider when choosing a custom writing company. If you are a student on a budget, you are probably limited in the amount of money to spend on your studies.  Hence, you must be wondering if buying a research paper online is expensive. It’s difficult to give an exact answer to this question because the prices vary dramatically from one service to another. What’s more, they depend on your academic level and some other criteria.

For instance, high school papers can be found at rates starting from $7 per page, while college students will typically pay more, with professional writing services charging at least $10 per page for college-level work. Ph.D. research papers command even higher prices. There are websites that offer cheap research papers, but more often than not, they are written by amateur writers or by AI.

When calculating the cost of your order, companies also consider the discipline you’re studying. The more complex the subject, the higher the price. Deadline urgency is another critical factor; tighter deadlines mean higher costs as you’re required to pay a premium for expedited service.

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In most cases, selecting the individual who will write your research paper is your responsibility. Websites typically provide a list of writers, featuring brief descriptions of their education, skills, and experience. You can review the degrees held by each specialist and the dates they were conferred. Generally, all writers possess advanced degrees, ensuring the high quality of their work.

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Your choice can also extend between ESL (English as a Second Language) writers and native English speakers. However, it’s important not to be influenced by stereotypes. Some people assume that native speakers are invariably superior to ESL writers. But is this assumption accurate? In reality, certifications like the IELTS Academic demonstrate an individual’s proficient command of English and their capability to perform their job effectively. Therefore, verifying qualifications is crucial.

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Students often turn to essay writing services when they can’t manage their homework on time. Tight deadlines prompt young people to seek help, making the delivery speed of your research paper critically important.

The good news is that nearly all reputable essay writing services are capable of completing your urgent assignments. If you’re facing imminent deadlines, you can have your term paper completed within a few days. Some services even promise to finish college tasks within 24 hours. However, be prepared to pay extra for swift services. Why? Because writers must prioritize your order, which increases their workload.

In fact, the more time you allow for the completion of your paper, the less it will cost. If you require a custom research paper to be written in just a few hours, the price can escalate to $36 per page or more.

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Since most institutions strictly prohibit using the services of assignment writing companies, it raises a lot of concerns among young people. Students are often worried about the legal consequences of their actions. They are afraid of being punished according to the existing laws. However, it doesn’t make any sense because there are no laws prohibiting paper writing services. If a company has a license and operates according to the required business regulations, it’s absolutely safe.

Officially registered agencies that don’t break any general rules are a great solution for busy university students. But the question is “How to make sure that you’ve chosen the right essay writing service?” Well, actually it’s pretty easy. All you need to do is just to check their official website and see if there is any information about licensing.

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Now, obtaining research paper assistance online is no longer a challenge. The availability of writing services that cater to academic assignments is on the rise. By simply searching phrases like ‘buy college research paper,’ ‘write my assignment for me,’ or ‘order research paper’ on Google, you’ll be presented with a lengthy list of companies.

Hundreds of agencies are capable of completing almost any academic task. Among the most renowned are PaperHelp, BBQPapers, WritePaperForMe, EssayPro, and SpeedyPaper. When selecting a service, it’s crucial to gather as much information about it as you can. Evaluate its pricing, review the qualifications of its writers, and scrutinize its terms and conditions meticulously.

Where can I get research papers for free?

You can find research papers in your area of study for free from a variety of online directories and libraries. But keep in mind that they are not for submitting as your own work. Instead, you can use them to bolster your own original research paper. Some sites offering free papers include:

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What are the dangers of hiring a research paper writer on Reddit?

Hiring a research paper writer from Reddit or any other place that isn’t a reputable writing company comes with a plethora of dangers, including:

1. Plagiarism risk

Writers on Reddit don’t have protocols in place to ensure complete originality in the final product. Submitting a research paper filled with plagiarism or unoriginal thoughts could seriously impact your grades and, depending on your institution, lead to expulsion.

Checking for plagiarism should be of utmost importance, and hiring a Reddit-based writer doesn’t necessarily give you this peace of mind.

2. Late delivery

As you know, the punctual submission of term papers and research papers is paramount to success. If the writer fails to meet the deadline you set, the paper could be useless, wasting time and money.

While life does through curveballs to everybody, hiring a writer from Reddit provides no assurance that they’ll deliver your paper on time.

3. Poor writing quality

Poor writing quality is very likely if you fail to use a legitimate writing service and instead choose to hire a writer from Reddit.

It’s unlikely that they will show you samples of their previous work, causing your grades to slip if they can’t meet the high standards of academic writing.

4. Failure to meet requirements

Every essay has criteria that must be met. Writers who aren’t experienced with such writing can fail to meet the standards or conduct a thorough research.

We recommend hiring expert writers from reputable websites only, despite the potentially low cost of those advertising their services on Reddit.

How can a research paper writing website guarantee original, plagiarism-free papers?

Naturally, you need original, plagiarism-free work from your writing service. Otherwise, your grades are at stake.

Only reliable services offer guarantees of originality and ensure they write the paper from scratch. So, that’s the first thing you should look for when deciding where to buy a research paper online.

The services ensure original work by running all final papers through at least one plagiarism checker. Depending on the specific site, they may give you this report for free.

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The advantages of buying research papers from reputable companies are numerous. Firstly, it’s all about quality. Well-known agencies value their reputation on the market, so they never deliver papers of a poor quality. Otherwise, you will get your money back. What’s more, recognized assignment writing services complete orders on time.

Therefore, you can be confident about submitting your homework due to the deadline date. Another important feature of highly-rated companies is that they can write your paper very fast. So if you have an urgent task, you can pay extra and get it done in 24-72 hours.

Just in case you’ve noticed any mistakes in your paper, you can ask writers for a revision. Usually, credible companies offer an unlimited number of revisions, so you can request them until your requirements are completely met.

And last but not least, reputable sites where you can order research paper online typically provide clients with a plagiarism report. Hence, you can make sure that your research paper is original. For your instructors, it will be impossible to reveal that your work was written by somebody else.

Buying research papers online is a common practice nowadays. Many students turn to special services that complete their assignments for money. This is a very convenient way to get your homework done when you are overloaded with academic and professional responsibilities. A reliable writing service can save your time and energy, helping you avoid emotional burnout.

Before you choose a company to buy a paper from, you need to do proper research. Try to find as much information about different platforms as possible. Also, compare their prices and terms. Judging by multiple reviews, one of the best services available today is PaperHelp. But the choice is completely up to you, so you should make your own analysis.

Article paid for by: Ocasio Media The news and editorial staffs of the Bay Area News Group had no role in this post’s preparation.

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Computer Science > Computation and Language

Title: realm: reference resolution as language modeling.

Abstract: Reference resolution is an important problem, one that is essential to understand and successfully handle context of different kinds. This context includes both previous turns and context that pertains to non-conversational entities, such as entities on the user's screen or those running in the background. While LLMs have been shown to be extremely powerful for a variety of tasks, their use in reference resolution, particularly for non-conversational entities, remains underutilized. This paper demonstrates how LLMs can be used to create an extremely effective system to resolve references of various types, by showing how reference resolution can be converted into a language modeling problem, despite involving forms of entities like those on screen that are not traditionally conducive to being reduced to a text-only modality. We demonstrate large improvements over an existing system with similar functionality across different types of references, with our smallest model obtaining absolute gains of over 5% for on-screen references. We also benchmark against GPT-3.5 and GPT-4, with our smallest model achieving performance comparable to that of GPT-4, and our larger models substantially outperforming it.

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The Geography of Capital Allocation in the Euro Area

We assess the pattern of Euro Area financial integration adjusting for the role of “onshore offshore financial centers” (OOFCs) within the Euro Area. The OOFCs of Luxembourg, Ireland, and the Netherlands serve dual roles as both hubs of investment fund intermediation and centers of securities issuance by foreign firms. We provide new estimates of Euro Area countries' bilateral portfolio investments which look through both roles, attributing the wealth held via investment funds to the underlying holders and linking securities issuance to the ultimate parent firms. Our new estimates show that the Euro Area is less financially integrated than it appears, both within the currency union and vis-a-vis the rest of the world. While official data suggests a sharp decline in portfolio home bias for Euro Area countries relative to other developed economies following the introduction of the euro, we demonstrate that this pattern only remains true for bond portfolios, while it is artificially generated by OOFC activities for equity portfolios. Further, using new administrative evidence on the identity of non-Euro Area investors in OOFC funds, we document that the bulk of the positions constituting missing wealth in international financial accounts are now accounted for by United Kingdom counterparts.

We thank the Stanford Impact Labs, the NSF (1653917), the Andrew Carnegie Corporation, the Sloan Foundation, and the Jerome A. Chazen Center for financial support. We thank Luca Fornaro, Galina Hale, Zhengyang Jiang, Niels Johannesen, Philip Lane, Alberto Martin, Gian Maria Milesi-Ferretti, Pablo Ottonello, Diego Perez, Isabel Schnabel, Hyun Song Shin, Paolo Surico, Alexandra Tabova, Silvana Tenreyro, Liliana Varela, Adrien Verdelhan, Frank Warnock, and Gabriel Zucman for helpful comments. We are also grateful to Sergio Florez-Orrego, Bianca Piccirillo, Ziwen Sun, and Serdil Tinda for outstanding research assistance. The ECB has provided access to proprietary data and research support services. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the ECB. Coppola, Lewis, Maggiori, and Schreger are unpaid consultants of the ECB for the purpose of accessing data for this project, while Beck and Schmitz are employed by the ECB. Our analysis makes use of data that are proprietary to Morningstar and/or its content providers. Neither Morningstar nor its content providers are responsible for any of the views expressed in this article. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research.

Financial support was provided by the Harvard Business School Doctoral Programs Office, Princeton University, and a Harvard University International Economics grant. Markit had the right to review this paper for disclosure of proprietary data and for prejudicial statements regarding Markit or its industry. Schreger: No interests to disclose. Hébert: Hébert’s spouse works in the financial services industry and has business interactions with firms involved in the litigation described in this paper. His spouse has not contributed to or participated in the preparation of this paper, and neither Hébert nor his spouse have a direct or material indirect financial interest in the outcome of the litigation.

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The Creativity Decline: Evidence from US Patents

Working Paper 2024-008A by Aakash Kalyani

Economists have long struggled to understand why aggregate productivity growth has dropped in recent decades while the number of new patents filed has steadily increased. I offer an explanation for this puzzling divergence: the creativity embodied in US patents has dropped dramatically over time. To separate creative from derivative patents, I develop a novel, text-based measure of patent creativity: the share of technical terminology that did not appear in previous patents. I show that only creative and not derivative patents are associated with significant improvements in firm level productivity. Using the measure, I show that inventors on average file creative patents upon entry, and file derivative patents with more experience. I embed this life-cycle of creativity in a growth model with endogenous creation and imitation of technologies. In this model, falling population growth explains 27% of the observed decline in patent creativity, 30% of the slowdown in productivity growth, and 64% of the increase in patenting.

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New Research Reveals Full Diversity of Killer Whales as Two Species Come into View on Pacific Coast

March 27, 2024

Long viewed as one worldwide species, killer whale diversity now merits more. Southern Resident Connections - Post 35

Scientists have resolved one of the outstanding questions about one of the world’s most recognizable creatures, identifying two well-known killer whales in the North Pacific Ocean as separate species.

Killer whales are one of the most widespread animals on Earth. They have long been considered one worldwide species known scientifically as Orcinus orca , with different forms in various regions known as “ecotypes.”

However, biologists have increasingly recognized the differences between resident and Bigg’s killer whales. Resident killer whales maintain tight-knit family pods and prey on salmon and other marine fish. Bigg’s killer whales roam in smaller groups, preying on other marine mammals such as seals and whales. (Killer whales actually belong to the dolphin family.) Bigg’s killer whales, sometimes called transients, are named for Canadian scientist Michael Bigg, the first to describe telltale differences between the two types.

He noted in the 1970s that the two animals did not mix with each other even when they occupied many of the same coastal waters. This is often a sign of different species.

The finding recognizes the accuracy of the listing of Southern Resident killer whales as a Distinct Population Segment warranting protection under the Endangered Species Act in 2005. At the time, NOAA described the distinct population segment as part of an unnamed subspecies of resident killer whales in the North Pacific.

Now a team of scientists from NOAA Fisheries and universities have assembled genetic, physical, and behavioral evidence. The data distinguish two of the killer whale ecotypes of the North Pacific Coast—residents and Bigg’s—as separate species.

“We started to ask this question 20 years ago, but we didn’t have much data, and we did not have the tools that we do now,” said Phil Morin, an evolutionary geneticist at NOAA Fisheries’ Southwest Fisheries Science Center and lead author of the new paper . “Now we have more of both, and the weight of the evidence says these are different species.”

Genetic data from previous studies revealed that the two species likely diverged more than 300,000 years ago and come from opposite ends of the killer whale family tree. That makes them about as genetically different as any killer whale ecotypes around the globe. Subsequent studies of genomic data confirm that they have evolved as genetically and culturally distinct groups, which occupy different niches in the same Northwest marine ecosystem.

“They’re the most different killer whales in the world, and they live right next to each other and see each other all the time,” said Barbara Taylor, a former NOAA Fisheries marine mammal biologist who was part of the science panel that assessed the status of Southern Residents. “They just do not mix.”

Recognizing New Species

The Taxonomy Committee of the Society of Marine Mammalogy will determine whether to recognize the new species in its official list of marine mammal species . The committee will likely determine whether to accept the new designations at its next annual review this summer.

The scientists proposed scientific names for the new species based on their earliest published descriptions in the 1800s. Neither will keep the ubiquitous worldwide moniker, orca . The team proposed to call resident killer whales Orcinus ater , a Latin reference to their dominant black coloring. Bigg’s killer whales would be called Orcinus rectipinnus , a combination of Latin words for erect wing, probably referring to their tall, sharp dorsal fin.

Both species names were originally published in 1869 by Edward Drinker Cope, a Pennsylvania scientist known more for unearthing dinosaurs than studying marine mammals. He was working from a manuscript that California whaling captain Charles Melville Scammon had sent to the Smithsonian Institution describing West Coast marine mammals, including the two killer whales. While Cope credited Scammon for the descriptions, Scammon took issue with Cope for editing and publishing Scammon’s work without telling him. (See accompanying story .)

The Smithsonian Institution had shared Scammon’s work with Cope, and a Smithsonian official later apologized to Scammon for what he called “Cope’s absurd blunder.”

Species Reflect Ecosystem

The contested question of whether Southern Residents were distinct enough to merit endangered species protections initially drove much of the research that helped differentiate the two species, said Eric Archer, who leads the Marine Mammal Genetics Program at the Southwest Fisheries Science Center and is a coauthor of the new research paper. The increasing processing power of computers has made it possible to examine killer whale DNA in ever finer detail. He said the findings not only validate protection for the animals themselves, but also help reveal different components of the marine ecosystems the whales depend on.

“As we better understand what makes these species special, we learn more about how they use the ecosystems they inhabit and what makes those environments special, too,” he said.

The new research synthesizes the earliest accounts of killer whales on the Pacific Coast with modern data on physical characteristics.

 The team also use aerial imaging (called photogrammetry ), and measurement and genetic testing of museum specimens at the Smithsonian and elsewhere. While the two species look similar to the untrained eye, the evidence demonstrates they are very different species. The two species use different ecological niches, such as specializing in different prey, said Kim Parsons, a geneticist at the NOAA Fisheries Northwest Fisheries Science Center in Seattle and coauthor of the new research.

Recent research with drones that collect precise aerial photos has helped differentiate Bigg’s killer whales as longer and larger. This might better equip them to go after large marine mammal prey. The smaller size of residents is likely better suited to deep dives after their salmon prey, said John Durban, an associate professor at Oregon State University’s Marine Mammal Institute. His killer whale drone research is done collaboratively with Holly Fearnbach, a researcher at SR³.

The different prey of the two species may also help explain their different trajectories. Southern Residents are listed as endangered in part because of the scarcity of their salmon prey. Bigg’s killer whales, by contrast, have multiplied while feeding on plentiful marine mammals, including California sea lions.

While killer whales represent some of the most efficient predators the world has ever seen, Durban said science is still unraveling the diversity among them. The identification of additional killer whale species is likely to follow. One leading candidate may be “Type D” killer whales identified in the Southern Ocean around Antarctica.

Other killer whales in Antarctic waters also look very different from the best-known black and white killer whales. This reflects a wider diversity within the species, said Durban, who has used drones to study killer whales around the world. “The more we learn,” he said, “the clearer it becomes to me that at least some of these types will be recognized as different species in due course.”

Southern Resident Connections

Southern Resident killer whales are icons of a vibrant but struggling marine ecosystem that is important to us all. Join us in exploring the ecological connections that tie this system together, and the ways we are protecting and working to recover the whales we all care so much about.

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• New Research Reveals Two Species of Killer Whale
• How Scientists Chose Names for Newly Identified Killer Whale Species
• Two Species of Killer Whale Infographic
• Marine Mammal Genetics Research
• 2004 Status Review of Southern Resident Killer Whales
• Saving the Southern Resident Killer Whales
• Listing of Southern Resident Killer Whale Under the ESA
• Killer Whale Ecotypes Poster

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2020 and 2021 combined report of marine mammal strandings in the united states.

Lost Skulls and Latin: How Scientists Chose Names for Newly Identified Killer Whale Species

Pioneering Project to Restore Bull Kelp Forests in Greater Farallones National Marine Sanctuary in California

Last updated by Southwest Fisheries Science Center on April 03, 2024

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Inbreeding: A Conservation Challenge for Iconic Killer Whales

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Policy Considerations to Prevent Drug Shortages and Mitigate Supply Chain Vulnerabilities in the United States

Key Highlights

Drug shortages impact patients, families, caregivers, pharmacists, hospitals, nursing homes, hospices, and other individuals and entities across the health care system.

Drug shortages are a decades-old problem arising, in part, from market forces that touch stakeholders across the drug supply chain—providers and pharmacies, manufacturers, and the middlemen in the system. Key issues include a broad lack of transparency, concentration among middlemen, and prices for generic drugs that are driven to levels so low that they create insufficient incentives for redundancy or resilience-oriented manufacturing, distribution, and purchasing. These market failures lead to pharmaceutical supply chains that are brittle, disruption-prone, and too slow to recover from shortages.

Supply chain resilience involves fostering processes that are less likely to face disruptions, as well as establishing the ability to withstand and mitigate disruptions so their impact—when they occur—is limited. This resilience also comes from diversification of supply—both in redundancy of manufacturing capacity and a balance of domestic and diversified foreign sourcing—and the presence of reliable, efficient, and sustainable, robust manufacturing practices.

The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS or Department) has made significant strides in shoring up the system’s ability to respond to shortages. Nevertheless, more impactful and enduring solutions require additional statutory authorities and funding to resolve underlying causes of shortages. All supply chain participants play a part in these solutions.

This paper describes policy concepts for consideration, including collaboration with the private sector to develop and implement a Manufacturer Resiliency Assessment Program (MRAP) and a Hospital Resilient Supply Program (HRSP). As described, the combination of these programs would bring transparency into the market, link purchasing and payment decisions to supply chain resilience practices, and incentivize investments in supply chain resilience and diversification in the supply chain—including domestic manufacturing—at a scale that would drive impactful change in the market. This paper focuses on generic sterile injectable medicines used in inpatient settings, given their importance to acute inpatient care, and their relative risk of supply disruptions—though HHS recognizes that these challenges affect other products, and therefore, the solutions described here may be applicable in other markets. 

*This content is in the process of Section 508 review. If you need immediate assistance accessing this content, please submit a request to Sharon Arnold, [email protected] . Content will be updated pending the outcome of the Section 508 review.

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Office: Vehicle Technologies Office FOA number:  DE-FOA-0003248 Link to apply:  Apply on EERE Exchange FOA Amount: $45,800,000

Today, the Department of Energy (DOE) announced $45.8 million in new funding for projects that will advance research, development, demonstration, and deployment (RDD&D) critical to achieving net-zero greenhouse gas emissions in the transportation sector. The funding will drive innovation in equitable clean transportation and is aligned with strategies detailed in the U.S. National Blueprint for Transportation Decarbonization . 

The funding is through DOE’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE). Topic areas in the Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO) Fiscal Year (FY) 2024 R&D funding opportunity include:

• Next-generation phosphate-based cathodes.
• Advancing the state of the art for sodium-ion batteries.
• Developing concepts for decreasing greenhouse gas emissions from off-road vehicles such as construction, agriculture, mining, and forestry vehicles.
• Developing and deploying vehicle-to-everything technologies that can lead to meaningful savings at the vehicle and transportation system level.
• Developing high-performance, domestically produced electrical steels (E-steels) for use in electrified powertrains.
• Addressing critical cybersecurity needs for smart and secure electric vehicle charging.

As part of the Biden-Harris Administration’s commitment to ensuring the benefits of a clean transportation system are shared equally, the funding seeks the participation of underserved communities and underrepresented groups. Applicants are required to describe how diversity, equity, and inclusion objectives will be incorporated into their project. 

VTO provides a series of funding opportunity announcement (FOA) information session videos , which help applicants understand VTO’s FOA process and requirements. The recently released, Session 3: Tips for a Strong FOA Application, includes best practices for incorporating Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Accessibility in a project.

Learn more about this and other funding opportunities on VTO’s funding webpage . 

Topic Areas

Topic Area 1: Next-Generation Phosphate-Based Cathodes

This topic area targets the development of phosphate-based cathode materials that surpass the performance of state-of-the-art lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cathode materials, which are currently gaining traction as an alternative low-cost solution. The primary objective of this area of interest is to develop high energy density battery cells containing phosphate-based cathodes at the material and cell level.

Topic Area 2: Na-ion Battery Seedling Projects for Electric Vehicle Applications

While shifting to alternative cathode materials like LFP can alleviate the impact of nickel and cobalt, the impact of lithium has not been adequately addressed. One alternative to lithium is sodium (Na). While there is much promise for Na-ion chemistries, key issues still limit their adoption. This objective of this topic area is to advance the state of the art for Na-ion batteries by solving key challenges for the cathode, anode, or electrolyte through the development of 1 Ah full cells utilizing cell chemistries that are significant advancements over current industry state-of-the-art Na-ion technology.

Topic Area 3: Low-GHG Concepts for Off-Road Vehicles

The objective of this topic area is to develop and validate technology concepts capable of significantly decreasing greenhouse gas emissions, energy use, harmful criteria emissions, and total cost of ownership across the entire off-road vehicle sector, including construction, agriculture, mining, forestry, ports, warehouses, etc. Concepts must demonstrate they can meet the unique requirements for off-road vehicles and gain customer acceptance.

Topic Area 4: Saving Energy with Connectivity

Research has shown that vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications can lead to meaningful energy savings at the vehicle and transportation system level by integrating interoperable vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), and vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) communications. The objective of this topic area is to develop and deploy V2X technologies with a focus on the efficiency and convenience of the mobility ecosystem, while reducing transportation’s environmental impacts. Examples could include but are not limited to eco-driving along connected corridors, transit or freight priority, integrated corridor management, or passenger or freight trip-chaining optimization.

Topic Area 5: Domestically Produced Electrical Steels (E-Steels)

The US transportation sector is in a technology revolution where light-duty vehicles are rapidly transitioning from internal combustion engines to electrified powertrains. Although most of the vehicles are produced in the US, many of the powertrain components rely on imports and foreign supply chains. Of particular interest are traction motors and their components. The objective of this topic are is to develop E-Steels meeting properties including frequency, thickness, ductility, cost, and manufacturability. 

Topic Area 6: Cybersecurity for Smart and Secure Electric Vehicle Charging

This topic area is addressing critical cybersecurity needs to address through two subtopics: 

• Subtopic 6.a: Enabling Wide-scale, Cybersecure EV/EVSE Aggregation for Grid Services :  To support the integration of electric vehicles (EVs) and their charging requirements with the electric grid, both government and the private sector have made significant investments in the development of smart charge management (SCM) systems and technologies for EV charging infrastructure. The objective of this subtopic area is to research, develop, and demonstrate systems, technologies, and tools necessary for the cybersecure aggregation of EVs and charging infrastructure to provide widescale, cybersecure grid services.
• Subtopic 6.b: Tools to Assess EV/EVSE/Charging System Cybersecurity Posture and Compliance with Standards and Protocols for Communications, Controls, and Monitoring :   Testing and evaluation of Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) by DOE national laboratories has clearly indicated a lack of compliance by many vendors with certified and/or regulated EV charging standards and protocols. In addition to creating cybersecurity vulnerabilities, this non-compliance greatly inhibits interoperability, supplier-managed SCM, and right-to-repair. The objective of this subtopic is to research, develop, and validate a suite of tools and associated procedures to comprehensively assess EV/EVSE/charging system compliance with relevant standards and protocols and cybersecurity posture.

Additional Information

• Download the full funding opportunity  on the EERE Exchange website.
• For FOA-specific support, contact  [email protected] . 
• Sign up for the  Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) funding email list  to get notified of new EERE funding opportunities. Also sign up for  VTO’s newsletter to stay current with the latest news.
• Watch the VTO Funding Opportunity Announcement information series webinars.

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Apple Researchers Reveal New AI System That Can Beat GPT-4

Apple researchers have developed an artificial intelligence system named ReALM (Reference Resolution as Language Modeling) that aims to radically enhance how voice assistants understand and respond to commands.

Reference resolution is an important part of natural language understanding, enabling users to use pronouns and other indirect references in conversation without confusion. For digital assistants, this capability has historically been a significant challenge, limited by the need to interpret a wide range of verbal cues and visual information. Apple's ReALM system seeks to address this by converting the complex process of reference resolution into a pure language modeling problem. In doing so, it can comprehend references to visual elements displayed on a screen and integrate this understanding into the conversational flow.

ReALM reconstructs the visual layout of a screen using textual representations. This involves parsing on-screen entities and their locations to generate a textual format that captures the screen's content and structure. Apple researchers found that this strategy, combined with specific fine-tuning of language models for reference resolution tasks, significantly outperforms traditional methods, including the capabilities of OpenAI's GPT-4.

ReALM could enable users to interact with digital assistants much more efficiently with reference to what is currently displayed on their screen without the need for precise, detailed instructions. This has the potential to make voice assistants much more useful in a variety of settings, such as helping drivers navigate infotainment systems while driving or assisting users with disabilities by providing an easier and more accurate means of indirect interaction.

Apple has now published several AI research papers. Last month, the company revealed a new method for training large language models that seamlessly integrates both text and visual information. Apple is widely expected to unveil an array of AI features at WWDC in June.

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Top Rated Comments

enabling users to use pronouns and other indirect references in conversation without confusion.

It's good if AI understands "Can you repeat that?" properly. /thread

[HEADING=2]Apple Researchers Reveal[/HEADING]

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