biostatistics and research methodology 8th sem mcq pdf

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Biostatistics and Research Methodology – B. Pharma 8th Semester Notes Pdf

Biostatistics and research methodology – b. pharma 8th semester notes pdf.

Scope: To understand the applications of Biostatistics and Research Methodology in Pharmacy. This subject deals with descriptive statistics, Graphics, Correlation, Regression, logistic regression Probability theory, Sampling technique, Parametric tests, Non Parametric tests, ANOVA, Introduction to Design of Experiments, Phases of Clinical trials and Observational and Experimental studies, SPSS, R   and   MINITAB statistical   software’s, analyzing the statistical data using Excel.

Objectives: Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to

• Know the operation of M.S. Excel, SPSS, R and MINITAB®, DoE (Design of Experiment)

• Know the various statistical techniques to solve statistical problems

• Appreciate statistical techniques in solving the problems.

Course content:

Biostatistics and Research Methodology Unit-I

Introduction: Statistics, Biostatistics, Frequency distribution

Measures of central tendency: Mean, Median, Mode- Pharmaceutical examples Measures of dispersion: Dispersion, Range, standard deviation, Pharmaceutical problems

Correlation: Definition, Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation, Multiple correlation – Pharmaceuticals examples

Biostatistics and Research Methodology Unit-II

Regression: Curve fitting by the method of least squares, fitting the lines y= a + bx and x = a +by, Multiple regression, standard error of regression– Pharmaceutical Examples

Probability: Definition of probability, Binomial distribution, Normal distribution, Poisson’s distribution, properties – problems

Sample, Population, large sample, small sample, Null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, sampling, essence of sampling, types of sampling, Error-I type, Error-II t ype, Standard error of mean (SEM) –   Pharmaceutical examples

Parametric test: t-test (Sample, Pooled or Unpaired and Paired) , ANOVA, (One way and Two way), Least Significance difference

Biostatistics and Research Methodology Unit-III

Non Parametric tests: Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Friedman Test

Introduction to Research: Need for research, Need for design of Experiments, Experiential Design Technique, plagiarism

Graphs: Histogram, Pie Chart, Cubic Graph, response surface plot, Counter Plot graph Designing the methodology: Sample size determination and Power of   a study, Report writing and presentation of data, Protocol, Cohorts    studies, Observational studies, Experimental studies, Designing clinical trial, various phases.

Biostatistics and Research Methodology Unit-IV

Blocking and confounding system for Two-level factorials

Regression modeling: Hypothesis testing in Simple and Multiple regressionmodels Introduction to Practical components of Industrial and Clinical Trials Problems: Statistical Analysis Using Excel, SPSS, MINITAB®, DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS, R – Online Statistical Software’s to Industrial and Clinical trial approach

Biostatistics and Research Methodology Unit-V

Design and Analysis of experiments:

Factorial Design: Definition, 22, 23design. Advantage of factorial design

Response Surface methodology: Central composite design, Historical design, Optimization Techniques

Biostatistics and Research Methodology Recommended Books (Latest edition):

1. Pharmaceutical statistics- Practical and clinical applications, Sanford Bolton, publisher Marcel Dekker Inc. NewYork.

2.   Fundamental of Statistics – Himalaya Publishing House- S.C.Guptha

3.   Design and Analysis of Experiments –PHI Learning Private Limited, R. Pannerselvam,

4.   Design and Analysis of Experiments – Wiley Students Edition, Douglas and C. Montgomery

Notes Coming Soon……………….

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Biostatisitcs And Research Methodology 8 Semester Notes

BP801T. BIOSTATISTICS AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (Theory)

Scope : To understand the applications of Biostatics in Pharmacy. This subject deals with descriptive statistics, Graphics, Correlation, Regression, logistic regression Probability theory, Sampling technique, Parametric tests, Non Parametric tests, ANOVA, Introduction to Design of Experiments, Phases of Clinical trials and Observational and Experimental studies, SPSS, R, and MINITAB statistical software, analyzing the statistical data using Excel.

Objectives: Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to

• Know the operation of M.S. Excel, SPSS, R and MINITAB®, DoE (Design of experiment)
•  Appreciate statistical techniques in solving problems. Course content:

All unit 1            All unit 2

Unit-i  .

Measures of central tendency: Mean, Median, Mode- Pharmaceutical examples

Measures of dispersion: Dispersion, Range, standard deviation, Pharmaceutical problems

Correlation: Definition, Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation, Multiple correlation Pharmaceuticals examples

Probability: Definition of probability, Binomial distribution, Normal distribution, Poisson’s distribution, properties - problems Sample, Population, large sample, small sample, Null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, sampling, the essence of sampling, types of sampling, Error-I type, Error-II type, Standard the error of the mean (SEM) - Pharmaceutical examples

Parametric test: t-test(Sample, Pooled or Unpaired and Paired) , ANOVA, (One way and Two way), Least Significance difference

Introduction to Research: Need for research, Need for the design of Experiments, Experiential Design Technique, plagiarism

Graphs: Histogram, Pie Chart, Cubic Graph, response surface plot, Counter Plot graph 

Designing the methodology: Sample size determination and power of a study, Report writing and presentation of data, Protocol, Cohorts studies, Observational studies, Experimental studies, Designing clinical trial, various phases.

Blocking and confounding system for Two-level factorials

Regression modeling: Hypothesis testing in Simple and Multiple regression models

Introduction to Practical components of Industrial and Clinical Trials Problems:  Statistical Analysis Using Excel, SPSS, MINITAB®, DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS, R - Online Statistical Software’s to Industrial and Clinical trial approach

Factorial Design: Definition, 22, 23design. Advantage of factorial design

Response Surface Methodology: Central composite design, Historical design, Optimization Techniques

Recommended Books (Latest edition):

1. Pharmaceutical statistics- Practical and clinical applications, Sanford Bolton, publisher Marcel Dekker Inc. NewYork.

2. Fundamental of Statistics – Himalaya Publishing House- S.C.Guptha

3. Design and Analysis of Experiments –PHI Learning Private Limited, R. Pannerselvam,

4. Design and Analysis of Experiments – Wiley Students Edition, Douglas and C. Montgomery

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Biostatistics and Research Methodology MCQs with Answers

Biostatistics and research methodology, 1.a : introduction to statistics and biostatistics.

1. According to Crexton and Cowden which arrangement of component of statistics is true? a. Collection of data – Analysis of data – Presentation of data – Interpretation of data b. Collection of data – Presentation of data – Analysis of data – Interpretation of data c. Presentation of data – Analysis of data – Interpretation of data – Collection of data d. Interpretation of data – Collection of data – Presentation of data – Analysis of data Ans: b

2. Which is not step of Descriptive Statistics? a. Collecting b. Organizing c. Hypothesis testing d. Presenting Data e. Summarizing Ans: c

1.b : Introduction to Statistics and Biostatistics

3. Which is related to Frequency Distribution? a. Tally Mark b. Variable c. Frequency d. Class Interval e. All of above f. Option a and b g. Option c and d Ans: e

4. If Class intervals are not given, then it is called as a___________. a. Discrete Frequency Distribution b. Continuous Frequency Distribution c. Grouped Frequency Distribution d. None of above Ans: a

5. Types of Class intervals are_____ a. Exclusive b. Discrete c. Inclusive d. Continuous e. Option a and c f. Option b and d g. Option a and b h. Option c and d Ans: e

1.c : Graphical Presentation of Frequency Distribution

6. Age and Salary are Continuous variables. True or False?

a. True b. False Ans: a

7. Figure indicates which type of Graph?

a. Line frequency Graph b. Histogram c. Frequency polygon d. Ogive e. Frequency Curve Ans: c

8. Figure indicated which type of graph?

a. Histogram b. Frequency polygon c. Ogive d. Frequency Curve Ans: c

9. Cumulative Frequency curve also known as_____ a. Histogram b. Frequency Polygon c. Grouped Frequency d. Line frequency curve e. Ogive Ans: e

1.d : Measure of Central Tendency

10. Mean is also known as ____ a. Median b. Mode c. Average d. Range Ans: c

11. Which is Positional central tendency? a. Arithmetic Mean b. Geometric Mean c. Harmonic Mean d. Median e. All of above Ans: d

12. Which is NOT mathematical central tendency? a. Arithmetic Mean b. Median c. Harmonic Mean d. Geometric Mean Ans: b

13. Simple arithmetic mean of 2, 8, 7, 3, 4.2, 6.1, 8.2, 7.1, 10, 9 is ________ a. 4.64 b. 7.46 c. 8.64 d. 6.46 Ans: d

14. Which of the following is a equation to derive arithmetic mean in grouped data by short cut method.

15. Mean for following Data _____

a. 11.9 b. 25.9 c. 29.5 d. 19.5 Ans: b

16. is the equation for_____

a. Arithmetic mean by direct method b. Arithmetic mean by short cut method c. Arithmetic mean by Step deviation method d. Arithmetic mean by indirect method Ans: c

17. If all the weights in weighted arithmetic mean are equal, then the weighted mean is the same as the _____________. a. Arithmetic mean b. Geometric mean c. Median d. Mode e. Option a and b f. Option c and d Ans: a

1.e: Geometric Mean and Harmonic Mean

18. __________ = ???????????????????????????? [1???? ????????????????????] a. Harmonic mean b. Geometric mean c. Arithmetic mean d. Weighted arithmetic mean Ans: b

19. What is Harmonic mean for : 18, 12, 16, 21, 7, 9 a. 11.9 b. 9.1 c. 1.9 d. 12 Ans: a

20. Geometric mean is defined as the nth root of the product of n values. True or False? a. True b. False Ans: a

1.f : Median and Mode

21. Calculate median of the following data gives the height of five student in c.m., 168, 173, 153, 164, 158 a. 153 b. 173 c. 168 d. 164 Ans: d

22. _________ = ???? +(????/2– ????????)/???????? ???? a. Median b. Mode c. Harmonic Mean d. Quartile deviation e. Standard deviation Ans: a

23. Find median of daily wages of employees in hospital

a. 180 b. 185 c. 200 d. None of above Ans: b

24. Calculate Median for following data

a. 125.125 b. 100.125 c. 101.125 d. 103.125 Ans: d

25. ________ =

a. Median b. Mode c. Harmonic Mean d. Quartile deviation e. Standard deviation Ans: b

26. Calculate mode for following data

a. 112.857 b. 110.112 c. 112.112 d. 25 Ans: a

1.g: Types of Measures of Dispersion

27. Which is NOT type of variability?

a. Biological variability b. Random variability c. Real variability d. Experimental variability Ans: b

28. Which is NOT type of Measure of Dispersion? a. Mean b. Range c. Mean absolute deviation d. Standard Deviation e. Quartile Deviation Ans: a

29. What is the coefficient of range for the given data : 8, 6, 7, 9, 12, 3, 15, 18, 5, 6 a. 6 b. 15 c. 0.714 d. 21 Ans: c

30. Find coefficient of Mean deviation for : 10, 20, 28, 34, 23, 17 a. 0.285 b. 0.287 c. 2.87 d. 8.27 Ans: b

31. The square of standard deviation is called ____________ a. Quartile deviation b. Mean absolute deviation c. Range d. Variance Ans: d

32. Coefficient of variation also known as ___________ a. Coefficient of Quartile deviation b. Standard deviation c. Relative Standard deviation d. Coefficient of Mean deviation Ans: c

33. _______ = √(????−????̅)2???? a. Coefficient of Variation b. Variance c. Coefficient of Mean deviation d. Standard deviation e. Correlation coefficient Ans: d

34. What is Standard deviation for: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 a. 20 b. 200 c. 400 d. 40 Ans: a

1.h: Correlation

35. The value of correlation coefficient will very from ____ a. 0 to 1 b. -1 to +1 c. -∞ to +∞ d. -1 to 0 Ans: b

36. If the value of one variable is increase, then value of other variable also increases on an average, then the correlation said to be positive. True or False? a. True b. False Ans: a

37. If the value of one variable decreases, then the value of other variable decreases on an average, then the correlation said to be Negative correlation. True or False? a. True b. False Ans: b

38. The relationship between more than two variables is said to be _________ a. Simple Correlation b. Random Correlation c. Parital Correlation d. Multiple correlation Ans: d

39. r = 0 indicates… a. a positive correlation between variables b. a negative correlation between variables c. no correlation between variables d. All of above Ans: c

40. Figure indicates ______

a. Perfect positive correlation b. Perfect negative correlation c. Positive correlation d. Negative correlation e. None of above Ans: e

41. If the points are widely scattered in a graph, the correlation is said to be _________ a. Highly Negative b. Negative c. Zero d. None of above Ans: c

42. Equation ???? =????????????√????????2????/2 Stands for ______ a. Spearman’s Rank coefficient of correlation b. Quartile deviation c. Karl pearson’s coefficient of correlation d. coefficient of condurrent deviation. Ans: c

43. Which is equation for spearman’s rank coefficient of correlation?

44. Calculate coefficient of concurrent deviation for following data:

a. 0.1773 b. 5.7735 c. 0.5773 d. None of above Ans: c

2.a: Regression

45. In regression analysis independent variable is also known as _______ a. Regressor b. Predictor c. Explanatory variable d. All of above e. None of above Ans: d

46. The equation for the standard error of the regression (S) is _______

2.b : Probability

47. What is probability of head when tossing coin one time? a. 1 b. 2 c. 1.5 d. 0.5 Ans: d

48. What is probability of 3 when throwing dice once. a. 1/6 b. 2/6 c. 3/6 d. 1 e. None of above Ans: a

49. In probability theory, two events are said to be mutually exclusive if they cannot occur at the same time or simultaneously. True or False? a. True b. False Ans: True

50. If one event is unaffected by the outcome of another event, the two events are said to be a. Dependent b. Independent c. Mutually exclusive d. All of the above e. Both b and c Ans: b

51. Which is true for Probability of an Event P(E). a. 0 ≤ P(E) ≤ 1 b. 0 < P(E) ≤ 1 c. 0 ≤ P(E) < 1 d. 0 < P(E) < 1 e. None of above Ans: a

52. Five coins are thrown simultaneously. Find the chance of getting four heads. a. 5/64 b. 7/64 c. 1/64 d. None of above Ans: a

53. Suppose, we have a production process of some item that is manufactured in large quantities. We find that, in general, the proportion of defective items is p = 0.01, A random sample of l00 items is selected. What is the probability that there are no defective items in this sample? a. 0.184 b. 0.921 c. 0.368 d. 0.08 Ans: c

54. ????(????) =???????????? −????/????! equation Stands for____ a. Binomial distribution b. Poisson distribution c. Normal distribution d. All of above Ans: b

55. For Normal Distribution which statement is false? a. For Normal distribution, mean = median = mode b. It is symmetry about the center c. 50% of values less than the mean and 50% greater than the mean d. None of above Ans: d

56. Gaussian distribution is known as _______ a. Normal distribution b. Binomial distribution c. Poisson distribution d. Random distribution Ans: a

2.c : Sampling

57. Which is NOT Probability sampling technique? a. Simple random Sampling b. Stratified random sampling c. Cluster Random Sampling d. Quota Sampling Ans: d

58. Which is NOT Non-Probability sampling technique? a. Snowball sampling b. Purposive sampling c. Cluster Random Sampling d. Quota Sampling Ans: c

59. Nonprobability sampling techniques involve random selection. True or False? a. True b. False Ans: b

60. Purposive Sampling techniques is also known as _______ a. Snowball sampling b. Haphazard sampling c. Quota sampling d. Judgmental Sampling Ans: d

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Biostatistics And Research Methodology - Unit 1

Introduction: Statistics, Biostatistics, Frequency distribution Measures of central tendency: Mean, Median, Mode- Pharmaceutical examples Measures of dispersion: Dispersion, Range, standard deviation, Pharmaceutical problems Correlation: Definition, Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation, Multiple correlation - Pharmaceuticals examples

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Bpharm 8th-semester notes in pdf – Free Download.

Here you can easily download Bpharm 8th-semester notes in pdf. Notes are well structured and only contain quality content.

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Pharmdbm provides standard or well-structured Notes for Bpharm students. The notes are free to download. Each semester notes of Bpharm are available on www.pharmdbm.com.

In this post you can download Bpharm 8th-Semester Notes. All units are available to download for free.

Download Bpharm 8th-Semester Notes in pdf

Bpharm 8th-semester subjects scope, biostatistics & research methodology.

To understand the applications of Biostatics in Pharmacy. This subject deals with descriptive statistics, Graphics, Correlation, Regression, logistic regression Probability theory, Sampling technique, Parametric tests, Non Parametric tests, ANOVA, Introduction to Design of Experiments, Phases of Clinical trials and Observational and Experimental studies, SPSS, R and MINITAB statistical software’s, analyzing the statistical data using Excel.

Social & Preventive Pharmacy

The purpose of this course is to introduce to students a number of health issues and their challenges. This course also introduced a number of national health programmes. The roles of the pharmacist in these contexts are also discussed.

Pharma Marketing Management (Bpharm 8th Semester Elective Subject)

The pharmaceutical industry not only needs highly qualified researchers, chemists and, technical people, but also requires skilled managers who can take the industry forward by managing and taking the complex decisions which are imperative for the growth of the industry. The Knowledge and Know-how of marketing management groom the people for taking a challenging role in Sales and Product management.

Pharmaceutical Regulatory Science (Bpharm 8th Semester Elective Subject)

This course is designed to impart the fundamental knowledge on the regulatory requirements for approval of new drugs, and drug products in regulated markets of India & other countries like US, EU, Japan, Australia,UK etc. It prepares the students to learn in detail on the regulatory requirements, documentation requirements, and registration procedures for marketing the drug products.

Pharmacovigilance

This paper will provide an opportunity for the student to learn about development of pharmacovigilance as a science, basic terminologies used in pharmacovigilance, global scenario of Pharmacovigilance, train students on establishing pharmacovigilance programme in an organization, various methods that can be used to generate safety data and signal detection. This paper also develops the skills of classifying drugs, diseases and adverse drug reactions.

Quality Control & Standardization of Herbals (Bpharm 8th Semester Elective Subject)

In this subject the student learns about the various methods and guidelines for evaluation and standardization of herbs and herbal drugs. The subject also provides an opportunity for the student to learn cGMP, GAP and GLP in traditional system of medicines.

Computer Aided Drug Design (Bpharm 8th Semester Elective Subject)

This subject is designed to provide detailed knowledge of rational drug design process and various techniques used in rational drug design process.

Cell & Molecular Biology (Bpharm 8th Semester Elective Subject)

Cell biology is a branch of biology that studies cells – their physiological properties, their structure, the organelles they contain, interactions with their environment, their life cycle, division, death and cell function. This is done both on a microscopic and molecular level. Cell biology research encompasses both the great diversity of single-celled organisms like bacteria and protozoa, as well as the many specialized cells in multi-cellular organismssuch as humans, plants, and sponges.

Cosmetic Science (Bpharm 8th Semester Elective Subject)

Cosmetic science delves into the formulation, development, and evaluation of cosmetic products. You will learn about the ingredients used in cosmetics, their functions, and the principles of formulation and stability testing. Understanding cosmetic science allows pharmacists to offer expertise in skincare and beauty products to meet the diverse needs of consumers.

Pharmacological Screening Methods (Bpharm 8th Semester Elective Subject)

This subject is designed to impart the basic knowledge of preclinical studies in experimental animals including design, conduct and interpretations of results.

Advanced Instrumentation Techniques (Bpharm 8th Semester Elective Subject)

This subject deals with the application of instrumental methods in qualitative and quantitative analysis of drugs. This subject is designed to impart advanced knowledge on the principles and instrumentation of spectroscopic and chromatographic hyphenated techniques. This also emphasizes on theoretical and practical knowledge on modern analytical instruments that are used for drug testing.

Dietary Supplements & Neutraceuticals (Bpharm 8th Semester Elective Subject)

This subject covers foundational topic that are important for understanding the need and requirements of dietary supplements among different groups in the population

Pharmaceutical Product Development (Bpharm 8th Semester Elective Subject)

Pharmaceutical product development B Pharma 8th Semester Notes: Pharmaceutical product development encompasses the entire process of developing a pharmaceutical product, from initial formulation to clinical trials and regulatory approval. You will learn about the stages of product development, including pre-formulation, formulation, stability testing, and dosage form design. This subject provides a comprehensive understanding of the processes involved in bringing a new drug to market.

Can I choose to do my internship or research in a specific area of interest in the 8th semester?

Yes, you usually have the flexibility to select an internship or research project that aligns with your interests and career goals. It’s an opportunity to gain practical experience in a field you’re passionate about.

What are the career prospects after completing the 8th semester of a BPharm program?

Graduates of the 8th semester often find opportunities in pharmaceutical companies, hospitals, research institutions, academia, or government agencies. Career options may include pharmaceutical research, drug development, clinical pharmacy, regulatory affairs, and more.

Carrier aspects after B.pharmacy

After completing a Bachelor of Pharmacy (B.Pharm) degree, there are several career paths and aspects to consider. The specific opportunities available to you will depend on your interests, skills, and any additional qualifications or certifications you may obtain. Here are some potential career aspects and opportunities after B.Pharmacy:

• Pharmacist : Many B.Pharm graduates choose to become licensed pharmacists. Pharmacists work in various healthcare settings, including retail pharmacies, hospitals, clinics, and long-term care facilities. They are responsible for dispensing medications, counseling patients on proper medication use, and ensuring compliance with pharmaceutical regulations.
• Pharmaceutical Industry : You can work in the pharmaceutical industry in various roles such as research and development, quality control, regulatory affairs, production, marketing, and sales. These roles involve drug development, manufacturing, marketing, and ensuring compliance with regulatory standards.
• Clinical Research : B.Pharm graduates can work as clinical research associates or clinical trial coordinators. They are involved in designing, conducting, and monitoring clinical trials for new drugs and therapies.
• Drug Regulatory Affairs : This field involves working with government agencies and pharmaceutical companies to ensure that drugs and medical products meet regulatory standards. Professionals in this field help with the approval, labeling, and marketing of pharmaceuticals.
• Pharmacovigilance : Pharmacovigilance specialists monitor the safety of drugs after they are on the market. They collect and analyze data on adverse effects and ensure the continued safety and efficacy of pharmaceutical products.
• Hospital Pharmacy : Working in a hospital pharmacy allows you to manage and distribute medications to inpatients, advise medical staff on drug therapies, and ensure the safe and efficient use of medications within the hospital.
• Community Pharmacy Ownership : You can open and manage your own community pharmacy or join an existing one as a co-owner. This option requires additional business and management skills.
• Academic and Research Careers : Pursue higher education (e.g., M.Pharm, Ph.D.) and enter the field of academia as a professor or researcher. This can involve teaching, conducting research, and publishing scientific papers.
• Consulting : You can offer consulting services to pharmaceutical companies, healthcare institutions, or government agencies. Consultancy may involve advising on regulatory compliance, quality control, or business development.
• Medical Writing : Medical writers create documents like research papers, drug monographs, and regulatory submissions. They play a crucial role in the communication of scientific and medical information.
• Sales and Marketing : Work in pharmaceutical sales and marketing, promoting and selling pharmaceutical products to healthcare professionals, pharmacies, and hospitals.
• Healthcare Management : Use your pharmacy background to work in healthcare management roles, such as hospital administration, health policy, or managed care organizations.
• Entrepreneurship : Start your own pharmaceutical-related business, such as a compounding pharmacy, specialty pharmacy, or healthcare technology startup.

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