presentation about culture of japan

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• Primary and secondary education
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• Traditional forms
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• Social customs
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• Books and magazines
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• Pre-Ceramic culture
• Jōmon culture (c. 10,500 to c. 300 bce )
• The Yayoi period (c. 300 bce –c. 250 ce )
• Chinese chronicles
• The unification of the nation
• Rise and expansion of Yamato
• The Yamato polity
• Yamato relations with Korean states
• Yamato decline and the introduction of Buddhism
• The idealized government of Prince Shōtoku
• The Taika reforms
• The ritsuryō system
• Beginning of the imperial state
• Culture in the Nara period
• Changes in ritsuryō government
• Aristocratic government at its peak
• Government by cloistered emperors
• The rise of the warrior class
• The establishment of warrior government
• The Hōjō regency
• The Mongol invasions
• Samurai groups and farming villages
• Kamakura culture: the new Buddhism and its influence
• Decline of Kamakura society
• The Kemmu Restoration and the dual dynasties
• Muromachi government structure
• The growth of local autonomy
• Trade between China and Japan
• The Ōnin War (1467–77)
• The emergence of new forces.
• The arrival of the Europeans
• The establishment of warrior culture
• The Oda regime
• The Hideyoshi regime
• Azuchi-Momoyama culture
• The establishment of the system
• The enforcement of national seclusion
• The Tokugawa status system
• Commerce, cities, and culture
• Political reform in the bakufu and the han
• The growth of the northern problem
• Heterodox Confucian schools
• Shintō and kokugaku
• Western studies
• Growth of popular knowledge
• Religious attitudes
• The maturity of Edo culture
• The Tempō reforms
• The opening of Japan
• The fall of the Tokugawa
• Abolition of feudalism
• Constitutional movement
• The Sino-Japanese War
• The Russo-Japanese War
• Japanese expansionism
• Constitutional government
• Social change
• The weakening of party government
• Aggression in Manchuria
• Events in China
• Foreign relations
• Prologue to war
• Early successes
• Japan on the defensive
• The end of the war
• Political reform
• Economic and social changes
• Educational reforms
• Political trends
• Economic transformation
• Political developments
• International relations
• Economic change
• Emperors and empresses regnant of Japan
• Prime ministers of Japan

• What was the cause of World War II?
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• How did World War II end?
• How many people died during World War II?

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Cultural milieu

It is common for Western observers of contemporary Japan to emphasize its great economic achievement without equal regard to cultural attributes. Yet Japanese cultural distinctiveness and the manner in which it developed are instructive in understanding how it is that Japan came to be the first non-Western country to attain great-power status.

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The Japanese long have been intensely aware of and have responded with great curiosity to powerful outside influences, first from the Asian mainland (notably China ) and more recently from the Western world. Japan has followed a cycle of selectively absorbing foreign cultural values and institutions and then adapting these to existing indigenous patterns, this latter process often occurring during periods of relative political isolation. Thus, outside influences were assimilated , but the basic sense of Japaneseness was unaffected; for example, Buddhist deities were adopted into the Shintō pantheon. Japan’s effort to modernize quickly in the late 19th and 20th centuries—albeit undertaken at great national and personal sacrifice—was really an extension of the same processes at work in the country for centuries.

Prehistoric Japanese culture was exposed to ancient Chinese cultural influences beginning some two millennia ago. One consequence of these influences was the imposition of the gridiron system of land division, which long endured; it is still possible to trace the ancient place-names and field division lines of this system. Chinese writing and many other Chinese developments were introduced in the early centuries ce ; the writing system underwent many modifications over the centuries, since it did not fit the Japanese language . Buddhism —which originated in India and underwent modification in Central Asia , China, and Korea before reaching Japan about the 6th century—also exerted a profound influence on Japanese cultural life, although over the course of time it was modified profoundly from its antecedent forms. Similarly, Chinese urban design was introduced in the layouts of the ancient capital cities of Nara and Kyōto but did not proliferate in the archipelago.

The Japanization of introduced cultural elements was greatly accelerated during the 250-year period of near-isolation that ended in the mid-19th century. After the Meiji Restoration (1868), Japan began to modernize and to industrialize on the European and American pattern. Western cultural traits were introduced on a large scale through the schools and the mass communication media. Western scientific and technical terms have been widely diffused in translation and have even been reexported to China and Korea. American and European influences on Japanese culture are in evidence in literature, the visual arts, music, education, science, recreation, and ideology .

Modernization was accompanied by cultural changes. Rationalism and socialism based on Christianity, as well as Marxism, became inseparably related to everyday Japanese life. Western or Westernized music generally is more common than traditional Japanese music in many social settings. Although Japanese Christians form a tiny percentage of the population, Christmas (or the outer trappings of it) is widely observed, almost as a folk event. The use of Western dress among the Japanese, in place of the traditional kimono , long ago became commonplace, although women may wear formal kimonos at certain celebrations, and both men and women may use casual styles for home wear. House construction also was changed considerably by the introduction of Western architectural forms and functions. In shape, in color, and in building materials, many contemporary Japanese houses are significantly different from the traditional ones; they now have more modernistic shapes, use more colors, and are more often made of concrete and stucco.

The dual influences of East and West have helped construct a modern Japanese culture that offers familiar elements to the Westerner but that also contains a powerful and distinctive traditional cultural aesthetic . This can be seen, for example, in the intricate detail, miniaturization, and concepts of subtlety that have transformed imported visual art forms. This aesthetic is best captured in the Japanese concept of shibui (literally, “astringent”), or refined understatement in all manner of artistic representation. Closely related are the twin ideals of cultivated simplicity and poverty ( wabi ) and of the celebration of that which is old and faded ( sabi ). Underlying all three is the notion of life’s transitory and evanescent nature, which is linked to Buddhist thought (particularly Zen ) but can be traced to the earliest examples of Japanese literature . Japanese tidying expert Marie Kondo , whose best-selling books and English-language TV programs have made her a celebrity in the West, incorporates many of these ideals in her "KonMari Method" of simplifying and uncluttering our lives and living spaces by discarding belongings and relationships that no longer bring joy, calm, and beauty to our fleeting lives.

• Japanese Cultures, Customs and Traditions

Japanese culture is ancient, diverse, divine, and influences various facets of modern Japan even today. From diet to festivals, sports to fashion, the culture is ever-present both in the country and afar. Some of the most prominent aspects of Japanese culture are discussed below.

8. People and Society

Japan is a largely secular society whose people value harmonious relations with others by giving back, and regard fulfilling the social duty as more vital than personal individuality. Order, harmony, and self-development are the three vital values that anchor Japanese social relations. Religious practices also emphasize the importance of harmonious relations with humans and spiritual beings and the fulfillment of social obligations within family and community. In Japanese myths, gods exhibit love and anger. That means behavior that results in positive relations with others is rewarded, and compassion treasured. Japanese children are also taught that fulfillment comes through associating with others. For interpersonal relationships, the Japanese also avoid competition and confrontation and exercise self-control when working with others.

7. Food and Drink

There are many diverse traditional Japanese cuisines but the most ancient is the Washoku dish, which has more than a 400 year history. In its authentic form it is called Kaiseki, and consists of one soup dish, one main dish, and two side dishes. In modern day, Washoku comprises of an appetizer of rapeseed blossoms, salted salmon roe, and shellfish, all with individual dressings, thin slices of sea bream sashimi, and deep fried monkfish nuggets. Washoku has also been recorded on the list of UNESCO’s World’s Intangible Cultural Heritage, according to Japan National Tourism Organization. Other traditional Japanese cuisines are sukiyaki, tempura, Sushi, Sashimi, Yakitori, Tonkatsu, Shabu Shabu, and Soba and Udon.

6. Arts And Literature

During the early developments of Japanese painting tradition in the 14th century, there was a heavy Chinese influence in paintings. But after Japan isolated itself from the world from the 17th to late 19th century, a unique art style began to form. This style had paintings leaning towards the abstract and naturalistic. This style was evident in individual paintings, scenes of daily life, religion, plant studies, and animals in order to capture the basic and essential subject characteristics.

From the early 17th century to date, Japanese authors have produced captivating literature. Early Japanese literature works were influenced through cultural contact with China, Chinese literature, and oral traditions adopted and recorded in Chinese written form in early 8th century, in what was the Nara period. From the Nara Period, Japanese literature evolved to Heian, Kamakura and Muromachi, Edo, Meiji (1868-1912) periods, when written and spoken language unification was called for. In this period, literary forms began to widen as Japan opened up to the rest of the world. When World War II happened, foundations of modern literature were laid and writers expressed in their works the frustrations of Japan’s defeat in the war.

5. Music and Dance

Many traditional Japanese dances are characterized by slow gesturing with music accompaniment. The Bon Odori Japanese dance is performed at summer festivals in every city. People wear kimonos and dance with gestures and steps to the music. Bon Odori is associated with Bon Festival held in August to commemorate ancestors.

Nihan Buyo, another traditional Japanese dance, is performed on stage by people wearing kimonos, with items like Japanese fans and ropes. Nihan Guyo dance is taught by teachers called Shisho. Noh Mai dance style is performed with background music with lutes and drums, with at times vocals in between. At times performers wear varying costumes and wear masks, depending on the story of the dance. Kabuki is one of Japan’s famous and traditional dance dramas and tells stories about Japanese history, lifestyle and society. Some Japanese traditional musical instruments are the Shamisen violin, Shakuhatchi flute, biwa lute, koto string instrument, and the Wadaiko drum.

4. Sports and Leisure

Besides contemporary sports like soccer and baseball, traditional sports like sumo are also popular. Sumo dates back to a history spanning over 1,500 years in Japan. Sumo is the de-facto national sport in the country and is also popular worldwide. Competitors weigh from 100 to 200 kilograms in this sport, which resembles wrestling. Another traditional sport is Kendo, a fencing style sport where competitors use bamboo swords while wearing protective gears. Judo and Karate are self defense sports heavily steeped in martial arts, and whose competitors wear varying belts based on their abilities. Aikido is a less aggressive form of martial arts unlike judo or karate, ideal for fitness and mental training.

3. Religion

The earliest Japanese religion is Shinto. Shinto began before the country’s pre-historic period before the sixth century Common Era, when the country was pre-literate. Its deities were called "Kami" who were believed to permeate the world through nature like mountains, trees, rivers and rocks. Worship rituals were also performed to restore harmony with nature. However, newer religions like Buddhism, Confucianism, and Christianity that came up in 19th and 20th century are also common in modern day Japan .

Traditional festivals called matsuri are also practiced in Japan. These festivals are organized by local communities or temples where they are held, and participants wear matsuri costumes and a portable shrine called "Mikoshi". Performances like dances and religious rituals are done during these festivals and have their roots in ancient religions like Shinto.

2. Traditional Clothing

Wafuku is the general term used to describe all traditional Japanese clothing. For every season, there are clothes to complement it, and a person’s age and event determines what is worn. The Kimono, which literally translate to "something one wears", refers to a full-length robe that is Japan’s most famous traditional clothing for men and women. Nagajuban refers to the clothing worn beneath the Kimono.

The Haori are short hip to thigh level jackets worn by men and women. The michiyuki is a jacket worn on top of the kimono robe. The hakama are skirt-like garments won by Japanese men and women and are also worn with the kimono. During summer or family events, special kimonos are worn called Yukatas. They are specially intended for informal events. For formal occasions like weddings, a wedding kimono named Uchikake can be worn by men, while women may wear the Shiro-maku, a white wedding gown.

1. Pop Culture

Japanese pop culture includes but is not limited to things like manga, anime, video games, popular music, and more. Many of the art forms that are popular today have their roots in older Japanese traditions like the ones discussed above. Like many other countries in the world, electronic entertainment like television, internet browsing, and social media are very popular in Japan.

Among young people in Japan, activities such as karaoke, bowling, and cinema are favorite past-times. It is not unusual for these institutions to stay open for 23 hours, especially in large urban centers like Tokyo. Japan is very well-known for its video game production, so it comes as no surprise that video games are also a very popular past-time in the country.

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Japanese culture 日本文化 (nihonbunka)

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The Ultimate Guide to Japanese Culture

Japan has a rich culture that spans thousands of years, with prehistory dating back as far as 14,500 BC.

In this post, we’ll explore everything you need to know about Japanese culture — the Japanese language , food, anime, religion and spirituality, you name it.

Japanese Customs and Traditions

Japanese arts and entertainment, food and drink culture in japan, japanese sports culture, history and influences of japanese culture, japanese religion and spirituality, work and business culture in japan, the japanese language, and one more thing....

Download: This blog post is available as a convenient and portable PDF that you can take anywhere. Click here to get a copy. (Download)

Japan is generally a conservative society with many unique customs. Some dating back thousands of years. Traditions are highly regarded as pillars of what makes the Japanese people unique.

Here are a few aspects of the modern-day Japan customs:

• Clothing tends to be modest , muted in color and concealing compared to Western clothes. Japanese people still wear traditional clothing at festivals and during important ceremonies though.
• Tattoos are traditionally associated with yakuza —the Japanese mafia. They boast detailed full-body works of art that affiliate them with their clan. This means that your ink might raise a few eyebrows. However, younger people tend to be more accepting of tattoos.
• Dating doesn’t begin until someone confesses . This mutual acknowledgment of each other’s feelings provides the springboard to begin a relationship. Japanese usually show less affection and instead show subtle signs that they care. Also, kissing your significant other in public is a big no-no.
• Mascots do more than look cute. Japan’s mascots have gained a reputation for being cute and cuddly representations of companies, products, cities and more. But they also serve a cultural purpose. These beloved characters promote tourism and increase awareness of important issues.

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Japanese art has beautiful aesthetics of elegance and simplicity. Some arts have been carefully crafted over centuries, while others were developed more recently.

Japanese Anime

It’s impossible to talk about Japanese art without mentioning anime.

Anime has taken the world by storm and is one of the largest gateways to Japan’s artistic culture. Many classics such as “Astro Boy,” “Dragon Ball” and “Naruto” have become household names.

Anime has its roots in the Edo period , when shows called utsushi-e that involved glass slides cast through a wooden lantern became popular.

Today, Japan boasts over 400 animation companies that have created hundreds of shows and movies.

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Japanese Authors

“The Tale of Genji” is one of the world’s oldest novels, written by Japanese author Murasaki Shikibu.

Japan has a rich literary tradition that continues today thanks to the contributions of Japanese authors from across the centuries. Many have works renowned worldwide, including Kenzaburo Oe and Haruki Murakami.

Short stories also have a massive place in Japanese literature, with collections of stories compiled in books and monthly magazines.

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Japanese Entertainment

Ever heard of Akira Kurosawa? Utada Hikaru? How about Takuya Kimura?

These are just a few of Japan’s media icons.

Of course, who can forget “Godzilla” or “The Ring”? Both of these films are Japanese, and many Japanese movies have captured global audiences.

Their rich stories reflect the history and themes popular in Japan, making them a great way to get familiar with the culture.

Japanese singers have also created music that charms the hearts of the populace and niche communities.

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Japanese Theater

Kabuki theater —perhaps the most widely known—involves thrilling, stylistic performances by actors in vibrant masks.

In contrast, Noh theater involves refined movements and carefully crafted poetic stories with roots in performances at religious ceremonies.

There are also the masterfully manipulated puppets in Bunraku , which continue to entertain thousands in the 21st century just as they did in 16th century Edo.

Japanese Traditional Arts

One of the most prolific of Japan’s traditional arts is the tea ceremony , an elaborate tradition of preparing matcha and serving it with delicious sweets. It’s the ultimate show of hospitality.

This highly formal ceremony involves using bamboo tools to serve and whisk the tea in a series of steps so guests can enjoy a cup of thick green tea.

Other arts include calligraphy , which turns writing Japanese kanji into a flowing, graceful piece of art. There’s also ikebana , which involves arranging flowers into a specific aesthetic style.

Schools and universities typically have clubs dedicated to practicing these arts, and community centers offer classes and events where anybody can experience them—tourists included.

Japanese Manga

Manga is one of Japan’s most popular inventions and is now famous worldwide. It consists of comics and graphic novels.

Manga covers various genres, from action and adventure to romance and comedy. It also often features distinctive visual styles and storytelling techniques.

You can find countless manga series in weekly or monthly magazines in Japan and online. They’re often later compiled into tankobon volumes—which are basically comic book collections. Many animes are also based on manga series.

Some popular mangas include Naruto , One Piece , Attack on Titan  and Death Note .

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Traditional Japanese food is known as washoku (和食, わしょく, Japanese food). It’s known for its simple, clean flavors, which vary from region to region .

Food is taken very seriously, and the ideal meal is created while considering the balance of colors, flavors and nutrients.

Fish and seafood are the staple protein of Japanese meals, although Japan has many delicious meat dishes ( yakitori , anyone?). Miso soup and pickled vegetables are found on every washoku menu. And delicious, fluffy white rice!

Dozens of varieties of tea are cultivated in Japan, with bottles of warm and cold tea available in vending machines nationwide. Green tea, oolong tea, black tea… going into every single kind would take ages.

Alcohol holds a special place in Japanese culture. From traditional sake to chuu-hai and beer, Japanese people are big drinkers. Many bonding sessions between colleagues are held over glasses of beer at an izakaya .

When drinking, filling your friends’ glasses before your own is a must—preferably before they get empty.

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From martial arts to modern sports, Japan loves athletics.

They even have a dedicated holiday called “Health and Sports Day” where schools and communities unite for huge athletic events.

Baseball is Japan’s most popular sport, with the Japan Series and High School Baseball Championships drawing thousands to the stands every year.

Some Japanese players have also reached celebrity status outside of Japan— Ichiro Suzuki of the Seattle Mariners is undoubtedly one of the most famous ballplayers ever.

Tennis, soccer and golf are also enjoyed throughout the country, both recreationally and competitively.

However, traditional Japanese sport remains popular. Sumo is the unofficial national sport of Japan , which originated as a Shinto ritual and evolved into a thrilling wrestling match where two giant men attempt to throw each other out of the ring.

Japanese Martial Arts

Japanese martial arts are a window into the cultural heritage of Japan.

Judo —a martial art focused on technical takedowns of one’s opponent—has achieved global popularity and an Olympic category.

Kendo swordsmanship has roots in samurai techniques, as duelers let out spirited shouts in a flurry of bamboo blades.

There’s also Japanese archery— kyudo —which uses large, powerful bows and has a subsection devoted to shooting on horseback.

And of course, there’s aikido and jujitsu .

Ancient Japan had Chinese and Korean influences. Many technologies, such as rice farming and ironwork, came from China and Korea. Buddhism started in Japan through the Korean peninsula, while Japanese kanji comes from Chinese characters.

Even tea was imported from China, first brought to Japan by Buddhist monks returning from their studies in the 8th century.

Confucianism and its teachings diffused throughout Japan, developing Japan’s   group-oriented culture . This Confucian principle holds that the group’s harmony is primarily placed above the individual’s feelings.

As such, Japanese people view themselves as a collective group , taking great care to act in the best interests of those around them to preserve integrity.

Being able to read the atmosphere, kūki o yomu (空気を読む, くうきをよむ), is necessary for all situations so that everyone’s feelings are taken into account before an individual makes a decision.

But that’s not to say Japan has no home-grown traditions.

Japanese customs revolve around the four seasons. Japan places a lot of emphasis on its four distinct seasons: warm pleasant springs, hot humid summers, crisp blustery autumns and cool frosty winters.

Japanese people look forward to hanami (花見 , はなみ, cherry blossom viewing) in the springtime and wearing yukata , a more casual version of the kimono , at summer festivals.

Different foods are served depending on the time of year as well.

Another Japan-native custom is the immense influence of Tokyo on everything. Beginning in feudal times, when the families of the nobility and military officials were required to live in Tokyo, a typical “Tokyo culture” became pervasive and seen as the standard for all of Japan.

A quarter of Japan’s population lives in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area. And Tokyo is the political, financial and cultural hub for the entire country.

It also gets attacked by giant monsters in movies—much like New York or Los Angeles in the United States!

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Japan has two major religions: Shinto and Buddhism .

These religions coexist peacefully in Japanese society, with traditions from both found in everyday life.

Shinto shrines can be found at Buddhist temples, and Japanese people commonly have a Shinto wedding and a Buddhist funeral.

Shinto is the religion indigenous to Japan. It believes that the kami (神, かみ) inhabits all things, from animals to mountains.

Kami may be translated as “god” or “spirit,” but those words don’t quite cover the essence of what kami are.

They are natural forces that inspire a sense of awe and reverence, which can manifest in places, things or even people.

Shrines are built to house and worship kami , and it is here where rituals of worship and offerings are made to these deities. Priests and miko (巫女, みこ, shrine maidens) are the ones who traditionally carry out these rituals and care for the shrines.

Shinto is more of a set of customs and traditions rather than an organized religion with strict doctrines and holy texts .

Buddhism was imported to Japan via the Korean kingdom of Baekje.

It encompasses a variety of spiritual paths that seek to release an individual from earthly suffering and the cycle of rebirth by attaining enlightenment.

Initially, Buddhism was embraced by the ruling class of Japan before eventually gaining acceptance among the common people. Buddhism and its teachings spread across the country, with grand temples being built and monks traveling to China to study.

Over time, Buddhism evolved into several Japanese sects, including Nichiren, Pure Land and Zen Buddhism.

These sects have different specific practices, but they all revolve around keeping a pure heart and mind as one diligently performs rituals and introspective meditation.

Other Religions

Other religions—such as Christianity and Islam—are uncommon in Japan. However, Japan does celebrate Christmas as a romantic holiday.

Despite all of these practices, Japan is not especially religious in a traditional sense. Religious rituals are more observed as a cultural habit than devout practice among everyday people.

Visiting shrines and temples is common to pray for good luck or fortune, and many festivals are held at Shinto shrines.

On New Year’s Day, people flock to the shrines for the first new year visit. And Buddhist temples ring a bell 108 times to drive out the misfortune of the previous year.

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Superstition and Japan

Japan is often more superstitious than religious.

Many of these superstitions have roots in old folklore and involve word associations, as Japanese has many homophones (words pronounced the same with different meanings).

For instance, unlucky years—known as yakudoshi (厄年, やくどし) —are ages of your life when it’s believed you’re more prone to bad luck.

Speaking of ill-omen numbers, 4 and 9 represent death and suffering. So they tend to be avoided in room numbers and gift-giving.

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Manners and Etiquette in Japan

With gestures and actions, Japanese people nurture their relationships with one another and maintain harmony in the group.

Some basics to keep in mind are:

• Take off your shoes when entering someone’s house.
• Silence your phone on the train or bus.
• Never stick your chopsticks upright in a bowl of rice. This is only done at funerals. Don’t play with them, either!
• Carry your garbage until you find the proper bin to dispose of it.
• Make sure you stand on the proper side of the escalator.

Japanese gestures can differ drastically from those used in the West, so brushing up could be a good idea! Here are 14+ gestures you’ll need in Japan, plus body language…

Japanese Formality

Japanese society is very formal and hierarchical.

When Japanese people interact, they consider their age, occupation, social standing and degree of familiarity as they choose their words and actions.

But don’t—you’re not expected to master all the formalities.

Here are a few facts to help you navigate polite Japanese society:

• Formal Japanese is different from informal language. Different politeness levels of speech range from extremely casual to polite speech called keigo . These levels help you show the proper amount of respect to the other person.
• The polite way of sitting is known as seiza. On formal occasions—such as a fancy dinner, when the guests are required to sit on the floor—it’s good manners to sit with your legs tucked underneath you and your hands on your thighs (for men) or folded in your lap (for women).
• How you bow matters. While it’s common knowledge that bowing in Japan shows respect, there are different degrees of bows depending on the situation. The most casual bow is eshaku (会釈, えしゃく) at 15°. K eirei (敬礼, けいれい) is for bosses and in-laws, and is performed at 30-45°. The deeper the bow, the more respectful it is. Visiting temples or apologizing for something significant requires a deep, long bow of 70°.

Japanese keigo is the cherished system of being polite. As you may know, Japanese people love being polite. They like it so much they have multiple special grammar…

Should you use formal or informal Japanese? How should you behave in a Japanese business meeting? What’s the right way to greet a Japanese friend? Stop fretting and learn…

It’s hard to find a more rigid and formal world than the Japanese business one. There are rules for where the supervisor sits in a room, how to greet superiors and customers, showing due deference and more.

If you hope to do business with Japanese companies, it’s worth taking note of the differences in work culture between your country and Japan.

https://www.fluentu.com/blog/japanese/business-japanese-vocabulary/

Business Cards

Exchanging business cards (名刺交換, めいしこうかん) is a standard custom in Japan and is crucial if you hope to make any headway with your new Japanese contacts.

Business cards are seen as the face of the individual they belong to and must be handled with the utmost respect.

Workplace Hierarchy

There are strict hierarchies in the Japanese workplace. Seniority is king, with those who have been at companies longer earning higher wages and being offered better promotions.

Because of the value placed on hierarchy, Japanese employees are required to check with their supervisor on any issues.

Rather than the go-getter individual valued in the West, a person who diligently checks with their boss before making any decision is seen as a good employee in Japan.

Socialization After Work

Japanese businessmen know how to unwind. Socializing at bars or karaoke places after work with your coworkers—in a practice called nomikai (飲み会 , のみかい) —is common to build relationships among the team.

The strict social regulations of the workplace ease up in these situations, which allows coworkers to complain to each other about the stresses of the job.

Sometimes a few members of the group will go out for a second party called nijikai (二次会 , にじかい), literally meaning “second party.” Things can really get wild there!

Japanese is spoken by 125 million people worldwide .

It’s also one of the most difficult to master, with three writing systems, grammar structures much different from English and an entire subsection of hierarchical language.

Japanese is considered a language isolate, meaning it has no relationship to any other language.

This makes Japanese unique in its structure, with no other language quite like it.

Contrary to popular belief, Japanese is actually easy to learn. For starters, its verb conjugations are much simpler than that of many other languages and word order is…

Japanese Pronunciation

Japanese has 15 consonants and only five vowels , so pronouncing Japanese is pretty easy once you get the hang of the accent.

The consonants and vowels are combined to form syllables, which is what hiragana and katakana are used to convey.

The best part? Every syllable is pronounced the same, no matter where it is in a sentence.

Japanese Writing

Hiragana and katakana are the two indigenous systems used to write Japanese.

They’re classified as syllabaries,  meaning one character translates to one syllable (consonant + vowel).

Kanji, on the other hand, was borrowed from China.

Kanji is a pictographic system, with one character translating to one word. Fun fact: hiragana and katakana were derived from kanji!

https://www.fluentu.com/blog/japanese/how-to-learn-to-read-write-japanese-hiragana-katakana-fast/

“How to learn kanji without getting a headache” is a thought you probably have on a regular basis. Luckily, you can read this list of different approaches to learning…

Japanese Speech

Japanese has gendered speech , meaning it has different speech styles for men and women. The two main differences lie in personal pronouns and sentence-ending particles.

In Japanese, there are several different ways of saying “I.”

あたし is exclusively female, while 俺 (おれ) is exclusively male. 私 (わたし) can be used regardless of sex.

Some Japanese particles—little sounds that identify the role of words in a sentence—lean more towards a specific gender. わ, なの and かしら are preferred by women, while ぞ, ぜ and よ are used in rough, male speech.

Japan also has different dialects depending on the region of the country. How one person speaks in Fukuoka can sound odd to someone from Aomori.

This is why I recommend immersing yourself in as much Japanese as possible from day one.

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Japanese particles are important if you want to understand native speakers and form your own sentences. Read this blog post to learn the most essential 17 Japanese…

Gender in Japanese isn’t a simple as it is in some other languages. Though there is no official grammatical gender in the language, gender slips into much speech, from…

There are seven Japanese dialects, besides Standard Japanese. Knowing each of the major seven dialects, or at least a little about them, will help you as you travel around…

With so much culture to explore, Japan is a very interesting culture for many.

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Lay your hands on our Japanese Culture PPT template to explain Japan's multifaceted and fascinating culture. Educators can capitalize on this exclusively designed set to represent the primary religions of Japan, i.e., Shinto and Buddhism, historical background, languages spoken, and early works of Japanese literature. Using these PowerPoint slides, you can also explain how the Japanese greet each other, their dressing code for several occasions, and their cuisines.

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• Countries and Their Cultures
• Culture of Japan

Culture Name

Orientation.

Identification. The Japanese names, Nihon and Nippon, are alternative readings of written characters that mean "origin of the sun" ("Land of the Rising Sun").

European names for the country probably originated with Marco Polo, who most likely adopted a name for Japan used in a Chinese dialect.

The name "Yamato" is used by archaeologists and historians to distinguish Japanese artistic genres from their Chinese counterparts. When used as a contemporary term, Yamato has strong associations with the imperial system, and thus with conservative nationalist ideologies.

Contemporary Japan is considered a highly homogeneous society, but regional variation in social and cultural patterns has always been significant. Pride of place and identification with local cultural patterns remain strong. Japanese people often attribute personality traits to people from particular regions, and regional identity often is expressed through local culinary specialties and dialects.

Location and Geography. The Japanese archipelago consists of four major islands and over six-thousand minor ones, covering approximately 234,890 square miles (378,000 square kilometers), and has enormous climatic variation. The four major islands are Hokkaidō, Honshū, Shikoku, and Kyūshū. The southern island group of Okinawa (the Ryūkyū Islands) is geographically, historically, and culturally distinct.

Japan faces the Pacific Ocean along the entire eastern and southern coastline. To the north and west are the Sea of Okhotsk, the Sea of Japan, and the East China Sea. The Korean peninsula is the closest point on the Asian mainland. Japanese life has always been oriented toward the ocean. The currents that converge offshore create fertile and varied fishing grounds.

The climate is shaped by Asian-Pacific monsoon cycles, which bring heavy rains from the Pacific during the summer and fall, followed by icy winds from North Asia during the winter that dump snow in the mountains.

There are approximately 1,500 volcanoes, and because the islands lie on major fault lines, earthquakes are common occurrences. Only about 15 percent of the land is level enough for agriculture, and so the population density in coastal plains and valleys is extremely high. Because of the steep mountains, there are almost no navigable inland waterways.

Demography. The population in 1999 was 127,000,000. The country is heavily urbanized, and urban areas have extremely high population densities. According to the 1995 census, 81 million people (65 percent) live in urban areas; that constitutes only 3 percent of the land area.

During the last 150 years of industrialization and economic development, the population has grown from around thirty million to its present size. This increase occurred as a result of a rapid demographic transition characterized by an enormous movement of people from rural to urban areas, dramatic decreases in infant mortality, increases in longevity, widespread reliance on birth control, and transformations of family composition from large, multigenerational extended households to small nuclear families.

Life expectancy is the highest in the world, and the birthrate has been declining dramatically. Because of these trends, the population is projected to peak early in the twenty-first century and then shrink.

Japanese is linguistically related to Korean, and both languages are thought to be members of the Ural-Altaic family. Despite similarity in syntax, vocabulary, and grammar, the contemporary languages are mutually unintelligible. Japanese also has close connections to various Oceanic (Malayo-Polynesian) languages, suggesting that in prehistoric times the archipelago may have been settled by populations from Oceania as well as from the Asian mainland.

Although Chinese and Japanese are fundamentally unrelated and differ in phonology, syntax, and grammar, Chinese has had enormous impact on the Japanese language and civilization. The Chinese system of writing was introduced along with Buddhism in the sixth century, and Chinese orthography was used to transform Japanese into a written language. Until the nineteenth century, stylized versions of written Chinese remained a hallmark of elite culture.

The introduction of Chinese characters 1,500 years ago established semantic and orthographic systems that make Japanese one of the most complicated languages in the world. The contemporary language relies on an enormous number of words and terms that are Sino-Japanese in origin as well as words derived from indigenous Japanese terminology. Most written characters can be read in contemporary Japanese with both a Sino-Japanese pronunciation and a Japanese reading.

In addition to the adaptation of Chinese characters to preexisting Japanese vocabulary, two phonetic systems of writing were developed after the ninth century. Those orthographies made it possible to write Chinese phonetically and to write spoken Japanese terms that had no equivalent Chinese characters. Literacy therefore became attainable for people not educated in the Chinese classics, and many masterpieces of classical Japanese literature, including the Tale of Genji, were written in those scripts.

The writing system rōmaji ("Roman characters") is used to transcribe Japanese into the Roman alphabet. Rōmaji is widely used on signs, in advertising, and in the mass media. An alternative system, adopted but not mandated by the government, is much less commonly used.

Although spoken and written forms of Japanese are largely standardized throughout the nation, there are several linguistically distinctive ethnic and regional dialects. The most distant dialects are those spoken in the Okinawan islands. Okinawan dialects are considered by many linguists to be distinct from Japanese. After the Kingdom of Ryūkyū was annexed in 1879, the national government tried to replace the use of the Ryūkyū language with standard Japanese, but the isolation of the islands, their lack of development before World War II, and the American occupation until 1970, enabled Okinawans to maintain the use of their dialects.

Other linguistic minorities include the Korean-Japanese and the Ainu. Most Korean-Japanese are bilingual or, especially among the younger generations, monolingual speakers of Japanese. There are only a handful of native speakers of Ainu.

Symbolism. National identity and unity are formally symbolized by a number of conventional icons and motifs, including the cherry blossom, the red and white national flag portraying the rising sun, and the chrysanthemum. These symbols have contested meanings because they are associated with the imperial family and World War II. The chrysanthemum, for example, serves as the crest of the imperial family, and cherry blossoms were invoked in wartime propaganda to represent the glory of kamikaze suicide pilots. Progressive political groups resist flying the national flag and singing the national anthem (Kimigayo) because of their wartime associations.

Stereotypical images that are deployed in foreign representations of Japan, such as Mount Fuji, geisha, and samurai, are not regarded by Japanese people as symbols of contemporary identity.

Contemporary Japanese culture emphasizes symbolic expressions of local or regional identity. For example, local identity and pride are commonly expressed through "famous local products." Almost every village, town, and city is famous for something, often a locally distinctive folk craft, a local culinary specialty, or a traditional song or performing art.

History and Ethnic Relations

Emergence of the Nation. The peoples of the Jōmon period (8000 B.C.E. –300 B.C.E. ) were Neolithic hunting-and-gathering bands. During the Yayoi period (ca. 300 B.C.E. – ca. 300 C.E. ) extensive cultural contact with and migration from the Asian mainland occurred, and a society arose that was based on irrigated rice cultivation. The basic genetic stock of the population and the fundamental patterns of the language were established during that period.

Japan came to the attention of China in the fourth century. During the Yamato period (300 C.E. –552 C.E. ), small chieftainships coalesced into a rudimentary state-level society. The mythologies of the indigenous Japanese religion, Shintō, date from that period; they intertwine accounts of the divine origins of the islands with chronicles of struggles among gods whose descendants eventually came to be regarded as the imperial family, which claims an unbroken line of descent since this period.

In 552, emissaries from the Korean kingdom of Paekche established contact with the Yamato rulers. They introduced Buddhism and thus brought Japan into systematic contact with Chinese civilization. Almost every aspect of Japanese life—agricultural technology, written language, philosophy, architecture, poetry, medicine, and law—was transformed. The Yamato state adopted the conventions of the Chinese imperial court and tried to model society along the lines of Chinese civilization.

In the late eighth century, a new capital was established at what is now Kyōto, and during the Heian period (794–1185) Japanese classical civilization blossomed. Kyōto became the aristocratic center of a refined culture that was influenced by contact with China but developed independent and sophisticated aesthetic, literary, and artistic styles. The Tale of Genji, the world's first novel, epitomizes the culture of the Heian period.

By the end of the Heian period, economic, social, and military power had shifted to provincial landholders and warriors. From the beginning of the Kamakura period (1185–1333) the imperial court appointed a Shōgun: a supreme military commander who acted in the name of the imperial court but was in fact the supreme political authority. Several successive hereditary dynasties occupied this position until 1868. Central control was in the hands of the Shōgun's court, while regional lords governed individual provincial domains and commanded the personal loyalty of warrior retainers (samurai). The Kamakura period and the following periods were characterized by a warrior culture, including the development of Japanese forms of austere Zen Buddhism, martial arts, and the philosophic code of warrior life now called Bushidō.

The medieval period ended in a century of civil war lasting from the late fifteenth to the late sixteenth century. Contacts with the West began in the mid-sixteenth century with the arrival of the Portuguese Jesuit missionary Francis Xavier. The introduction of Western weaponry hastened the consolidation of power among a few increasingly dominant warlords who unified the country and ended the civil war.

In 1603 Tokugawa Ieyasu decisively defeated most of the remaining opponents, and established a dynasty that lasted until 1868. For over 260 years, Japan experienced political stability, peace, and rising prosperity. Ieyasu established his capital in Edo (renamed Tōkyō in 1868), which commanded the Kantō region and was distant from the imperial court in Kyōto. The Tokugawa regime ruled through a complicated network of alliances with approximately 250 regional lords, some closely allied to the Tokugawa and others in opposition but permanently subdued. Each fief retained its own castle town, and as a political strategy, some fiefs maintained a high degree of economic, social, and cultural autonomy.

During the Tokugawa period, culture and society became codified and somewhat uniform across the country. Patterns established during this period shaped, propelled, and constrained the country's modernization after 1868. By the 1630s, the Tokugawa regime had ruthlessly suppressed Christian communities and broken off most ties with European nations. It disarmed the peasantry and imposed rigid household registration requirements to keep the population spatially and socially immobile. Traffic along the great highways was scrutinized at heavily guarded checkpoints. Trade was controlled through feudal guilds, and detailed sumptuary regulations governed the lives of all social classes.

These social policies reflected the ideology of neo-Confucianism, which valued social stability and the social morality of ascribed status. Tokugawa social structure was organized around principles of hierarchy, centralized authority, and collective responsibility. Individuals were expected to subordinate themselves to the specific obligations of their ascribed social roles, and virtue consisted of perfecting one's ability to fit the requirements of one's role. In the upper reaches of society, the kinship system upheld neo-Confucian ideals of the family as a microcosm of the social order. Neo-Confucianism also established a rigid system of ranked social classes: warriors, peasants, artisans, and merchants. Status reflected ideals of social utility, not wealth. Beyond those four hereditary official classes, Tokugawa society included a tiny stratum of imperial nobility, a large clerical establishment, and a population of outcastes.

Throughout this period, regional castle towns and the major urban centers under the direct control of the Tokugawa authorities became increasingly integrated into a national economic, social, and cultural network. Urban economic power increased over the agrarian sectors. This undermined Tokugawa political power, which depended on the control of agricultural land and taxes.

Tokugawa social patterns and institutions laid the foundations for modernization. The urban merchant classes stimulated the development of sophisticated national economic institutions and the beginning of industrial production. Literacy and computational ability were widespread among samurai, merchants, and the upper levels of the peasantry. The samurai became a hereditary class of bureaucrats whose qualifications for leadership depended on education. Society was characterized by discipline and regulation.

The Tokugawa dynasty surrendered its authority to the imperial court in 1868 after a long struggle. The political crisis included major internal economic problems and the unexpected confrontation with the Western powers precipitated by the arrival of Commodore Matthew Perry and a squadron of American warships in 1853. Opponents of the Tokugawa demanded that it take a firm stand against foreign intrusions and then overthrew the regime. The result was a largely peaceful coup known as the Meiji Restoration, which marked the beginning of the nation's modernization.

The Meiji regime reconnected imperial rule with civil political authority and military power. Under the nominal leadership of Emperor Meiji, the imperial government was run by the young samurai who had defeated the Tokugawa dynasty. They were fiercely nationalistic and attempted to bring Japanese society into parity with European and North American powers. Society was thoroughly transformed as the leaders created a strong centralized state centered on the imperial line, built a modern military, avoided European colonization, began imperialist expansion into other parts of East Asia, and launched industrialization and economic development.

Although they had come to power under the slogan "Revere the Emperor; Expel the Barbarians," the Meiji leaders built a strong state and society along the lines of an industrial European country. Meiji leaders balanced Western powers again each other to avoid domination by any single patron. The government sent delegations to study legal institutions, commerce and industry, science and technology, military affairs, architecture, arts, and medicine in Europe and North America. Foreign experts were hired, and young Japanese were sent to study at Western universities. The new slogan was "Eastern values; Western science."

Meiji leaders also emphasized the imperial family as the foundation of the state and strengthened institutions and ideologies, including Shintō religious beliefs, that supported the imperial family. From the late nineteenth century until 1945, an official cult (State Shintō) dominated the national ideology. The Meiji grafted the trappings of contemporary Western monarchies onto the sacred imperial institution, creating a court nobility that resembled European aristocracies. Samurai ranks were abolished in 1872. The centrality of the state was strengthened by a new national educational system, and a growing military.

Treaties signed by the Tokugawa regime had created zones where Western citizens lived independently of Japanese laws. These "treaty ports" were important sources of Western influence, and many schools, hospitals, and other institutions created by foreign missionaries became prominent. The system of extraterritoriality, however, was considered degrading, and the government tried to transform social life and culture in ways that would command the respect of the Western powers.

Japan rapidly built a Western-style navy and army and attempted to expand its influence in East Asia. It annexed the Ryūkyū islands, took control of Formosa (Taiwan) after its success in the Sino-Japanese War, and was granted equal status with the Western powers in dealings with China. Extraterritoriality ended in 1899, and victory in the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905)—resulted in the possession of several islands north of Hokkaidō and Russia's extensive interests in Manchuria. In 1910, Japan annexed Korea. By the 1920s, Japan considered itself a world military power.

This military might was made possible by industrialization after the 1870s. The state built industries such as shipyards, iron smelters, and spinning mills and sold them to well-connected entrepreneurs. Domestic companies became consumers of Western technology and applied it to the production of goods that could be sold cheaply on the world market. Industrial zones grew enormously, and there was steady migration from the countryside to the newly industrializing centers. Industrialization was accompanied by the development of a national railway system and modern communications.

In addition to state-sponsored innovations such as uniform national education and the creation of a single national dialect, popular interest in Western life increased throughout the Meiji period, starting at elite levels and eventually extending to almost all social groups, especially in the largest cities. Not all social changes were modeled on the West, however. The goal of the state was to promote nationalist ideolōgies centered on imperial institutions and the Shinto religion and to preserve a strong consciousness of national identity. Many aspects of tradition and history were codified. From Shintō to sumō, from the celebration of political loyalty and social conformity to the organization of kinship patterns, almost all aspects of life were suffused with consciousness of the national identity.

Nation building and industrialization were complete by the early twentieth century. During the Taishō period (1912–1926), the political and intellectual climate became more liberal, shaped by the large new middle classes that formed in major urban areas. Mass media and popular culture developed in parallel to the Jazz Age in the West. Political democracy was encouraged; and leftist groups agitated for political freedom and workers' rights.

With the beginning of the Shōwa period in 1926 (when Hirohito, the Emperor Shōwa, succeeded to the throne), society shifted increasingly toward the right. The military assumed a larger role in politics, and conservative forces made international "respect," military expansion, and the sanctity of imperial institutions the cornerstones of public life. Throughout the 1930s, military and colonial adventures in Manchuria and elsewhere in China led to open war, and society became increasingly militarized. The war in China grew more intense, and international condemnation of Japanese atrocities poisoned relations with the Western nations. Japan joined with Italy and Germany in the Axis because its military planners saw the United States and its interests in Asia as inimical.

Diplomatic relations with the Western powers grew worse, and on 7 December 1941, Japanese forces attacked Pearl Harbor. Japan almost simultaneously attacked all the major territories claimed by Western colonial powers, including American possessions such as Hawaii and the Philippines. The stated goal was to create a "Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere" in which Western imperialism would be banished.

From 1945 until 1952, Japan was occupied by Allied troops under the command of U.S. General Douglas MacArthur. The early postwar years were a time of massive rebuilding. Millions of people were homeless, and millions more were repatriated from the former colonies. The economy was shattered, and mass starvation was a threat. Disillusionment with the cultural and social frameworks of prewar and wartime life was widespread.

The Occupation launched social and cultural reforms, including a democratic constitution and political system, universal adult suffrage, the emperor's renunciation of divinity and separation of religion from state control, agricultural land reform, the dismantling of major economic and industrial combines, the expansion of education, language reform, and expanded civil liberties.

By the mid-1950s, the initial reconstruction of society and economy had largely been accomplished, and the government had built a conservative consensus that the national priorities were economic growth and social stability, which would be achieved through the close cooperation of business and a government directed by bureaucratic elites. After the late 1950s, this "developmental state" created the social, economic, and political contexts in which ordinary people could experience middle-class urban lifestyles.

The characteristics of postwar urban middle-class life included small nuclear families in which mothers focused on their children's education and from which fathers were largely absent because of their occupational obligations. The typical white-collar urban family was secure in the knowledge that lifetime employment was the norm.

In the 1960s and 1970s, success in the domestic economy began to be felt around the world as consumer products from Japan began to dominate overseas markets. Economic growth was politically unassailable, but the costs in terms of pollution, declines in the agricultural sector, and massive urban growth without adequate infrastructure were enormous. Grassroots movements developed to combat problems spawned by the developmental ethos; those movements were limited in their effectiveness.

Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, Japan experienced unprecedented prosperity. Riding massive trade surpluses and producing top-quality products, the economy was regarded as a model for other industrial and postindustrial societies. That economic strength allowed investment in overseas assets. The affluence of ordinary consumers manifested itself in a growing market for luxury items, conspicuous consumption, and very short product cycles. Although work schedules permitted little leisure time, travel became a desired commodity. High levels of disposable income, however, masked the astronomical cost of real estate and the growing division in urban society between the wealthy and the poor.

Political leaders have rarely acknowledged Japan's role as a conqueror of neighboring countries, and the nation has not expressed explicit regret. National self-identity after the war focused instead on the pursuit of peace, and many Japanese stress their own country's losses. Because of the intensity of pacifism in contemporary society, opposition to the military runs very strong, and the article in the constitution that prohibits military involvement is of great symbolic importance.

The Shōwa Emperor died in 1989, succeeded by his son, who became the Emperor Heisei. His coronation and the elaborate Shintō rites that accompanied it were reminders of prewar rituals that evoked unwelcome memories of nationalism. The Heisei period (1989 to the present) began with great hopes that it would usher in the "Japanese century," but the era of prosperity sputtered to a halt. The Heisei period has thus far been a time of unremitting economic stagnation. Simultaneously, the political system has been shaken by the breakup of the long-ruling Liberal Democratic Party in 1993 and by widespread corruption scandals. At the beginning of the twenty-first century, there is a general sense that the postwar model of a stable, prosperous, and well-governed society has run its course.

National Identity. Throughout the Meiji period, the national government attempted to create institutions that would unify the Japanese people as citizens of a new nation-state and erase local identities and regional loyalties. The establishment of a national educational system and a national conscript army, the growth of an efficient transportation system, and the development of mass media significantly hastened the homogenization of regional differences, as did industrialization, urban development, and economic and social change. Today, variations in most aspects of daily life are more likely to reflect urban, suburban, and rural differences than regionalism.

Alternating currents of isolation from and embrace of foreign cultures form a central strand in contemporary conceptions of the national identity. Ideas about Japanese culture frequently weigh the relative contributions of indigenous inspiration and adaptations of foreign practices in forming the national culture.

Ethnic Relations. Several distinct minority populations together total less than 5 percent of the population. The minority populations whose identities have regional dimensions include Korean-Japanese, who are spread across the country but are most prominent in Ōsaka and other parts of the Kansai region; Okinawans, mainly in Okinawa but also with a sizable community in and around Ōsaka: Ainu, most of whom live in Hokkaidō; and the so-called outcaste population, who are found primarily in the Kansai region. There is a small population of Chinese-Japanese, mainly from Taiwan.

The rivalry between the Kantō region (Tōkyō and the surrounding prefectures) and the Kansai region (centered on Ōsaka and Kyōto) is the most prominent expression of regionalism. The two regions are economic and political as well as social and cultural competitors. Tōkyō is the national capital and the center of political, economic, and cultural life; Ōsaka is also a major economic center, and Kyōto was the imperial capital for a thousand years. In describing the opposition between the two regions, people point to different personalities, orientations toward tradition, openness to social change, and ways of expressing emotions. The two regions have markedly different dialects, and linguistic differences are sometimes taken as evidence of cultural sophistication, level of education, politeness, personality, and other social traits.

Urbanism, Architecture, and the Use of Space

Japan today is a highly urbanized society. Cities have a long history, beginning with the first imperial capitals, such as Nara and Kyōto. Those cities were patterned after the Chinese T'ang dynasty capital of Ch'ang-an and reflected the architectural principles of the Chinese imperial court, with walls and gates enclosing a checkerboard grid of streets organized around the institutions of imperial power and centered on an imperial compound.

After the Meiji restoration, many castle towns declined as migration to new centers of industrial and economic opportunity led to a reconfiguration of the urban network. In several "treaty ports," enclaves of Western and Asian traders formed thriving cosmopolitan communities. Industrialization centered on established cities such as Tōkyō and Ōsaka but also on towns and cities that flourished around mining, shipbuilding, and textiles. The corridor along the Pacific seaboard between Tōkyō and Ōsaka gradually emerged as the central axis of the industrial complex.

Almost all the cities were heavily damaged by bombing during World War II. They were rebuilt quickly after the war, and a massive urban migration occurred throughout the 1950s and 1960s as a result of large-scale industrialization and economic development. By the 1960s, urban sprawl had created enormous megalopolises. Roughly a quarter of the population lives in the greater Tōkyō region, and less than 10 percent of the people live in rural areas. During the 1950s and 1960s, the concentration of heavy industrial facilities in densely populated areas caused environmental pollution on an unprecedented scale. Quality of life issues, including population density, environmental pollution, and the quality of the housing stock, continue to be problems.

The earliest forms of architecture are reflected in the austere simplicity of some Shintō shrines. This style is thought to reflect prehistoric influences from Oceania and Austronesia. Its features include floors raised off the ground and steeply pitched roofs with deep overhanging eaves.

In the sixth century, Chinese architectural styles were adopted, particularly for Buddhist temples and imperial structures. The construction style of such buildings proved to be resistant to earthquakes.

During the aristocratic Heian period, a distinctively Japanese architectural style began to develop. Its features include the use of thick straw mats on floors, the use of sliding and folding screens to partition larger spaces, and the use of verandas and covered walkways to link rooms. Many elements of this architectural style were adapted to more ordinary living circumstances, and by the Tokugawa period, samurai and wealthy merchant homes included many of these elements.

Since World War II, housing has been built along Western lines. Many homes still have traditional elements, but the majority of living space is equipped with generically modern furnishings. Contemporary apartments and condominiums are even less likely than single-family dwellings to have Japanese-style rooms.

Contemporary cultural attitudes toward and uses of space rely on clear distinctions between public and private spaces defined along the dimensions of sight, sound, touch, and smell. In crowded public spaces, bodies are pressed together without comment, while in many private settings it would be unthinkable to touch a stranger.

Within private settings that are used and occupied by a group of people on an ongoing basis, clear spatial patterns reflect the internal hierarchies of social position within the group and between the group and others.

Food and Economy

Food in Daily Life. An extremely varied diet makes use of culinary elements from around the world, including the cuisines of Korea, China, South and Southeast Asia, Europe, and North America. However, notions of "traditional" Japanese cuisine are an important element of cultural identity.

The defining characteristics include ingredients, styles of preparation, and aesthetics. White rice is a staple component of virtually every meal; other typical ingredients include soy products and seafood that is served grilled or raw. Vegetables and seafood are often prepared as pickles. The cuisine does not rely on intense flavorings. Meals ideally contrast flavors and textures among different dishes and include many small dishes rather than a main course. The visual presentation of a meal is important.

During the premodern period, meat was proscribed under the tenets of Buddhism. Vegetarian cuisine prepared in Zen monasteries relied heavily on soy products, including miso soup and tofu.

Since the late nineteenth century, tastes have been influenced by foreign cuisines, many of which have been adapted and absorbed into the national diet. Since World War II, consumption of dairy products, beef, bread, and other Western foods has increased dramatically.

Eating habits have been reshaped by changes in domestic life. Families eat fewer meals together, and sophisticated kitchen appliances have transformed domestic cooking. Food manufactures have created vast numbers of prepared dishes.

Basic Economy. The cornerstone of the economy is high-quality, high-technology manufacturing, with a focus on exports.

Commercial Activities. The wholesale, retail, and service sectors have grown dramatically as domestic standards of living have risen. Despite economic problems in the 1990s, Japan continues to be a major financial market. Primary sectors such as agriculture, fishing, and forestry have declined enormously since World War II. In 1999, less than 5 percent of the labor force was employed in agriculture, compared to 21 percent in manufacturing, 23 percent in the wholesale and retail sectors, and 26 percent in service industries.

Major Industries. Keiretsu —groups of companies that are closely linked through overlapping stock ownership, preferential supply relationships, coordination of economic activities, and extensive subcontracting relationships—play a central role in the economy. The flagships of such groups are heavy industrial firms, banks, and general trading companies, and the largest keiretsu control dozens of firms in sectors that range from mining to mass media.

Since World War II, business and government have maintained extremely close ties. Government agencies set both broad economic policies and measures targeted at specific sectors, and business generally cooperates with government planning. The business establishment has been a major backer of the Liberal Democratic Party, and its successors.

Social Stratification

Classes and Castes. Japanese society has been portrayed as being essentially classless or as having a class structure in which very tiny elite groups and underclasses bracket an enormous number of middle-class people. However, there are significant social differences among rural and urban residents, including family composition, educational attainment, and labor force participation. Within the urban population, social differentiation exists between the white-collar, salaried "new middle class," blue-collar industrial workers, and the self-employed petty entrepreneurial classes of shopkeepers and artisans.

Other marginalized urban social categories include a large floating population of day laborers and migrant laborers, who have been joined by an increasing number of illegal and quasi-legal immigrants from China, Southeast Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East.

Symbols of Social Stratification. One of the most important determinants of social stratification is educational attainment. Japanese people refer to a "credential" society, and educational credentials have often been regarded as the most important criteria for employment and marriage, particularly among the urban middle classes.

Political Life

Government. Japan has been a constitutional monarchy since the Meiji constitution of 1890. In 1947, a new constitution was drafted by advisers to the Allied occupation forces and adopted by the parliament. This constitution guarantees equality of the sexes, extends suffrage to all adult citizens, underscores the emperor's postwar renunciation of claims to divine status, and assigns the emperor a symbolic role as head of state.

Japan's parliament, known as the Diet, consists of the House of Councilors and the House of Representatives. Upper House members are elected from national and local constituencies; Lower House member are elected from local constituencies. The political power of the Lower House is much greater than that of the Upper House; prime ministers are elected from the Lower House, and most cabinet positions are also filled from the membership of that chamber.

At the local level, each prefecture has an elected governor and an elected assembly. Prefectures have limited authority over taxation and legal codes and act primarily as agents of the national government. Cities, towns, and villages have elected chief executives and assemblies. Municipalities also have limited autonomous powers and are primarily providers of daily services. Education, police, and fire protection are organized around municipal units but are controlled or standardized at the national level.

Administratively, the country is divided into forty-seven prefectures that vary in terms of their political structures. There are forty-three ordinary prefectures, three metropolitan prefectures with special administrative powers, and one administrative region for the northernmost island. Lower levels of local government and administration include counties and municipalities that are classified by population size: cities, towns, and villages.

Leadership and Political Officials. Throughout most of the postwar period, the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), a conservative party with close ties to business and the national bureaucracy, dominated national politics. The LDP was in effect a coalition among leaders of semiautonomous factions, and its hallmark was intricate compromises and backroom deals. In 1993, the LDP split apart, and many of its factions have become independent political parties.

At the national level, government ministries wield enormous power. Since the late nineteenth century, the elite levels of the national bureaucracy have been accorded enormous respect. In many areas, ministries set policy and politicians ratify the opinions of the bureaucrats. The prestige and respect accorded to government ministries have plunged since the 1980s in response to the economic downturn and widely publicized incidents of corruption and incompetence.

Military Activity. The constitution of 1947 renounced the use of military force and forbids the state from maintaining armed forces. However, Japan maintains a "self-defense force" with substantial personnel and weaponry, supported by a growing budget.

Social Welfare and Change Programs

There is a long-standing ethos of support for education, public safety, and public health, which have been government priorities since the nineteenth century. However, many aspects of social welfare continue to be the responsibility of families, communities, and other social groups. Traditionally, villages were organized around mutual assistance, and cultural norms still encourage social groups to take care of the needs of their individual members. Care for the elderly was traditionally a family responsibility, but it has become an enormous public issue because of Japan's rapidly aging population and the decline in multi-generational households.

Nongovernmental Organizations and Other Associations

Japanese religious traditions have not emphasized charity or philanthropy. Since the nineteenth century, however, Japanese Christians have been leaders in social reform movements, and many educational, medical, and other institutions have been sponsored by Christian groups. The growth of social movements has been limited because of deferential attitudes toward the state's role in public affairs. Throughout the twentieth century, the government harnessed or supervised the activities of many nominally independent social groups and organizations. During the 1960s and 1970s, citizen movements that confronted the government became common, particularly in response to environmental issues. Since the early 1990s, there has been a dramatic increase in the numbers and range of activities of nonprofit organizations, stimulated in part by skepticism over the efficiency of government, the failure of government agencies to respond to major public issues and emergencies, and the desire to create institutions that will give more autonomy to citizens in shaping social policy.

Gender Roles and Statuses

Division of Labor by Gender. Because of Shintō beliefs about ritual purity and pollution, women were excluded from many aspects of ritual life. Women were not permitted to enter certain sacred spaces, and in some communities were forbidden to board fishing vessels or enter mines or tunnels. Most of these prohibitions have vanished, but in some ritual contexts they continue. For example, women are still excluded from sumō wrestling rings.

Neo-Confucianism defined all social roles in terms of hierarchical relationships; including the domination of husband over wife and of father over children. In the late nineteenth century, when new legal codes institutionalized family norms, the control of husband over wife was codified. In virtually all legal, political, and social contexts outside the home, women were subordinate to the male household head.

The Relative Status of Women and Men. Authority and autonomy for women traditionally were confined to domestic matters. A male household head represented the family to the outside world and controlled its public affairs; within the home, his wife might exercise great control in managing the day-to-day life of the family. Changes in family structure since the end of World War II have eroded the patriarchal domination of households.

Women's social participation also reflects various gendered divides. The Japanese language includes sharply divergent styles of speech for men and women. Women often are expected to use a more polite and formal style of speech that implies deference and observance of the established hierarchy.

Marriage, Family, and Kinship

Marriage. Marriage is generally based on mutual attraction between individuals; this is known as a "love marriage" in contrast to the traditional "arranged marriage" in which a go-between negotiated a match in a process that might give parental opinions more weight than those of the prospective bride and groom. Some vestiges of arranged marriage continue and many couples rely on matchmakers to find mates. Background checks on a prospective spouse and his or her family are routine.

Weddings are almost always held in hotels or wedding halls, with a lavish banquet for several dozen guests. The ceremonies blend elements from Shintō marriage rituals and stylized adaptations of Christian weddings. Weddings are elaborately staged, and the bride and groom typically go through several changes of costume.

Domestic Unit. Most families, especially in urban areas, are nuclear, consisting of the parents and their children. Slightly extended families, such as an elderly parent living with a married couple and their children, are not uncommon, but in general extended kin groups no longer play a major role in people's daily lives.

Inheritance. The primary imperative of the family as a social institution was to survive across the generations. The household head's role ideally was to be steward for a family's intergenerational fortunes, honoring the memories of ancestors who had established the family's position and ensuring that family assets, traditions, and social standing would be passed on intact to an unbroken line of future heirs.

In traditional agrarian life, land was almost never divided, because to do so might imperil the next generation's ability to survive. So in most cases, inheritance was by a single child, usually the eldest son. In the case of an extremely prosperous family, they might be able to establish other children in newly independent family lines, which would remain forever subservient to the original line.

Various kinds of fictive kinship modeled on patterns of adoption and relationships between family banches have been used to sustain other kinds of social relationships. Patron-client relationships sometimes are referred to as parent-child ties, and may involve elaborate formal rituals of bonding. Traditional artistic life is structured around master-apprentice relationships that involve adoption and the establishment of lineages.

Patterns of traditional kinship still shape the social conventions of family life. The traditional family system was organized around a multigenerational household with a single central authority: the male household head. Inheritance of a family's estate and succession to a family's occupation, social position, and obligations devolved to a single child. In most regions, this involved inheritance and succession by the oldest son. All other children were expected to leave the natal household and become members of another family system through marriage or adoption. In terms of social participation, the household was considered as a single unit rather than the sum of its members.

Socialization

Infant Care. Infants and young children are doted on, and child rearing is a considered a very important responsibility for women in their twenties and thirties. Many women give birth to their first child after little more than a year of marriage, and married couples without children are uncommon.

Child Rearing and Education. Child rearing involves a high degree of physical and emotional interaction between mother and child; fathers are less involved. Traditionally, sons were favored over daughters, and the oldest son was raised quite differently from the other sons. Particularly close bonds between oldest sons and their mothers were not uncommon. In modern urban nuclear families, close psychological ties between mothers and children are extremely common.

Childhood socialization is guided by the widespread belief that a child is a passive and malleable being; innate talent or ability is less important than is its being properly shaped, particularly by maternal influences. These attitudes carry over into the early years of education. Differentiation of students by academic ability does not take place until the end of elementary school, and the emphasis in primary education is on social integration, self-discipline, and the fundamental skills of reading, writing, and arithmetic.

Responsibility for curriculum standards and textbook approval lies with the Ministry of Education, which must approve public and private educational institutions. There are two levels of pre-school: nursery school from about three years of age and kindergarten from about five years of age. Compulsory education begins at about age six with elementary school, which lasts for six years, followed by three years of middle school. Mandatory education ends with middle school, but most students go on to high school.

Entrance examinations are generally are required for admission to all levels of private schools and for public schools beyond elementary school. At better schools, these exams can be extremely competitive. In preparation for college entrance examinations, sometimes for high school, and occasionally even at lower levels, a student may leave school to devote an entire year to studying at an examination academy.

The examination system is a source of anxiety for children and their families (pushy mothers are dubbed "education mamas"). Bullying among students is a common problem. A related problem is the reintegration of students who have studied overseas.

Higher Education. Half of high school graduates receive an advanced education. There are 165 public and 460 private universities and four-year colleges and almost 600 two-year colleges. A college degree is a prerequisite for most middle-class occupations, and many companies formally restrict their recruiting to graduates of specific universities. This creates enormous pressure to enter top-ranked schools. High schools are evaluated in terms of their success in placing their graduates prestigious universities. For many students, college is seen as an opportunity to take a break from years of preparation for examinations, and college life often is regarded as a relaxing interlude before one starts a career.

Etiquette can be a full-time occupation, especially in the context of traditional artistic pursuits, such as the tea ceremony, where its principles are incorporated as elements of performance. Even in more prosaic circumstances, many points of etiquette are elaborately codified, including an extensive vocabulary and grammar for polite conversation; specific principles for the selection, presentation, and reciprocation of gifts; and standards for bowing and exchanging name cards. Many people find the intricacies of etiquette daunting, and books that offer advice on these situations are steady sellers. Etiquette hinges on principles of proportional reciprocity in social hierarchies based on determinations of relative status between superior and subordinate. These relative statuses may reflect an individual's age, gender, or social role or may reflect relationships among different social institutions.

Religious Beliefs. Shintō is the contemporary term for a system of gods and beliefs about the relationship between people, the natural environment, and the state. Shintō teaches that Japan is uniquely the land of the gods. The religion has no formal dogma or scripture. During much of Japanese history, Shintō and Buddhism have coexisted and influenced each other. Shintō is closely linked to the imperial family and a nationalist ideology.

The sects of Buddhism popular in Japan have emphasized the accessibility of salvation and enlightenment of ordinary people. These include: esoteric Buddhism (e.g., the Shingon and Tendai sects) that teach mystical practices as a means of apprehending the sacred; the so–called " Pure Land Sects" that teach that prayer and devotion to Buddhist saints offer a means for salvation, through divine intercession; and Zen, which teaches that enlightenment can be obtained through meditation in which one attains an intuitive spiritual revelation or catharsis through intensive, introspective contemplation, negating the intellect (and the attachments, desires, and obsessions that human thought embodies) precisely through the effort to think through insoluble puzzles of life. The one major branch of Japanese Buddhism that does not have close connections to Chinese Buddhist traditions are the various sects of the Nichiren tradition which developed an intensely nationalistic ideology and a militant orientation to proselytizing that is uncharacteristic of other Japanese Buddhist sects.

Confucianism, Taoism, and shamanism have also influenced Japanese religion. Confucianism established ideal relations between ruler and subject, husband and wife, father and child, older brother and younger brother, and friend and friend. Although the cultural legacies of neo-Confucianism are still evident in social patterns of hierarchy and deference, neo-Confucianism did not survive beyond the nineteenth century in Japan. Taoism is a Chinese philosophical tradition that emphasizes the spiritual and mystical connection between human beings and nature. Shamanism involves mystical and ecstatic contact through mediums between the supernatural and the human world.

Since the sixteenth century, religious life has been influenced by Christianity. Frances Xavier visited the country in 1549 to initiate Catholic missionizing. By the early seventeenth century, there were an estimated three hundred thousand Catholics. The Tokugawa regime expelled the Catholic clergy in 1614 and tried to eliminate the Catholic community. However, communities of "hidden Christians" maintained their faith in isolation and secrecy. In 1870, the ban on Christianity was lifted. Although, only about 1 per cent of Japanese today consider themselves Christian, a number of intellectuals and political figures in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries adopted Christianity. Liberal American Protestantism influenced progressive reformers and established many private universities; Catholic universities and hospitals are equally prominent.

After World War II, many new religious sects were founded and existing sects expanded enormously. Today there are hundreds of religious sects, a dozen of which are prominent. The Sōka Gakkai, an offshoot of Buddhism, has several million adherents and in the 1960s formed a conservative national political party. Buddhist and Shintō beliefs are central for most "New Religions," but many sects also incorporate eclectic elements from religions around the world.

Rituals and Holy Places. O-Shōgatsu, the New Year's holiday is the major holiday season of the year and is a time for ritual reaffirmations of social obligations. O-Bon in mid-August marks the season when the spirits of the deceased return to their homes, and many people go to their hometowns to clean graves and celebrate memories of the departed. Infants often are taken to Shintō shrines thirty days after their birth, and the holiday Shichigosan in November is an occasion for children to be honored at shrines. Shintō includes beliefs about unlucky ages, and many shrines offer purification rituals to ward off ill fortune for people passing through those dangerous years. Community celebrations generally echo Shintō observances of the agricultural cycle. Local festivals vary, but most center on the celebration of the tutelary deity of a specific village, town, or neighborhood. Today local festivals are often expressions of community sentiment rather than religious events.

Medicine and Health Care

Medical practice includes sophisticated biomedical research facilities and advanced training of physicians. An extensive system of national health insurance provides access to high quality health care for almost all people through a combination of public hospitals and physicians in private practice.

East Asian medical traditions, including herbal therapy, acupuncture, and moxibustion, are widely practiced and incorporated into popular and professional medical conceptions of health and illness. Traditional East Asian medicine is based on holistic principles that view the human organism in terms of its integration with the social and physical environment. The goal of these treatments is to restore or enhance flows of ki (energy or spirit) within the body and between the human body and its environment. Foods, weather conditions, types of activity, human relations, and organs of the body are regarded as possessing varying qualities of in and yō , and if these qualities are out of balance, the flow of energy within the body is impaired. A healthy body must maintain a dynamic balance, and the goal of therapy is to preserve or restore that balance by introducing countervailing elements. Treatment ideally addresses all the aspects of a person's condition from diet and sleep to exercise, personal habits, and work.

Although traditional East Asian medicine is still widely practiced, since the late nineteenth century, the dominant form of medicine has been Western-oriented biomedicine.

Secular Celebrations

In the premodern calendar, a sequence of holidays occurred on numerologically auspicious days (such as 1 January, 3 March, 5 April); these remain popular holidays.

Other important traditional holiday seasons include O-ch gen and O-seib, in late June and late December, respectively, when one is expected to repay social obligations and exchange gifts with colleagues.

The following national holidays are observed: 1 January, New Year's Day; 15 January, Adult's Day; 11 February, National Foundation Day; 21 March, spring equinox; 29 April, Green Day; 3 May, Constitution Day; 5 May, Children's Day; 20 July, Ocean Day; 15 September, Respect for the Aged Day; 21 September, the autumnal equinox; 10 October, Sports Day; 3 November, Culture Day; 23 November, Labor Thanksgiving Day; 23 December, Emperor's Birthday.

The week between 29 April and 5 May is known as Golden Week because of the three successive national holidays. Many businesses close for the entire week, and vacation travel peaks during this period.

Several Western holidays, including Christmas and Valentine's Day, have become very popular secular holidays. Valentine's Day in particular has been adapted to conform to the Japanese gift-giving etiquette of reciprocity.

The Arts and Humanities

Support for the Arts. Support for and appreciation of artistic activities is widespread in terms of popular participation and governmental encouragement. From the high school level onward, there are public and private schools that emphasize training in the arts, and there are many arts colleges and academies in which students can prepare for careers as professional artists.

The Ministry of Education is responsible for most official support and patronage of the arts, including arts education in the schools and museums, libraries, and other institutions. The ministry generally takes a conservative stance that favors traditional arts and crafts and "high culture."

One interesting aspect of Japanese arts policy is the designation of "national treasures " by the Ministry. National treasures include great works of art—paintings, sculptures, or architectural masterpieces—but also include art forms and artists. Many folk crafts, for example, have been designated as "intangible cultural properties," and sometimes specific individual artists—a noted potter, or a weaver, or a sculptor—will be designated as a "living national treasure."

Many traditional artistic forms and aesthetic genre are regarded as distinctively Japanese: ukiyo-e woodblock prints, dramatic forms such as Nō and Kabuki , landscape gardening, architectural styles, poetic genre such as haiku (the 17-syllable verse form), Zen philosophy, flower arranging ( ikebana ), tea ceremony, and taiko drum music are simply a few examples.

Literature. The very flow of Japanese history is defined in artistic terms, for example in the iconic role of The Tale of Genji , often regarded as the world's first novel, as exemplar of the Heian period (eighth to twelfth centuries) and the sophisticated crystallization of Japanese art and civilization.

Popular culture includes manga (comic books) and anime (animation), both of which are extremely popular and have gained an international audience. New electronic media have diminished the popularity of books, magazines, and newspapers, but the publishing industry is still enormous and rates of readership remain high.

Performance Arts. Many of the traditional arts and crafts which attract the participation of hundreds of thousands of aficionados—such tea ceremony, traditional dance, flower arranging, and the like—are organized around a distinctive institutional pattern, known in Japanese as iemoto . Literally, the iemoto is the master or highest ranking teacher-practitioner of a particular art form and as such he or she heads a particular "school" of that art form. The position of iemoto, which is often hereditary, stands at the official head of hierchies of teachers and pupils in a hierarchical structure based on ranks of proficiency and teaching credentials certified by the iemoto organization. In this system, a pupil studies an art form with an accredited teacher and as he or she achieves greater proficiency, attains ranks that may eventually enable the student to take on lower-ranking pupils on his or her own. Even high-ranking teachers are still considered pupils of still higher ranking teachers, up to the iemoto at the apex, and some portion of each pupil's fees goes to support the teacher's teacher. Iemoto of the leading schools of flower arranging and tea ceremony routinely appear on lists of Japan's wealthiest individuals.

A large and diverse popular music industry is closely tied to television programs; popular stars ("idols") are constantly in the public view on broadcasts several times a day as singers, comedians, hosts, and advertising spokespeople and as subjects of articles in the tabloid press.

The State of the Physical and Social Sciences

Scientific and technological research is a priority of both government and industry, and since the early twentieth century the Japanese have conducted sophisticated research. In some technological fields, particularly in commercial applications of technology, Japan has been a world leader. Scientific research is carried out through universities, government research institutes, and research and development (R&D) laboratories of private industry. High levels of investment in R&D were long regarded as a critical component of industrial success.

In the social sciences, economics and econometrics are the most widespread and highly developed fields. Psychology, political science, sociology, geography, and cultural anthropology are important academic fields, as is social history. The government has an elaborate statistical system that produces detailed data with a high level of reliability. Public opinion polling is carried out by government agencies, the mass media, trade organizations, and academic researchers.

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• Map Slides: Capture the vastness of Japan with detailed maps highlighting key regions, landmarks, and transportation networks.
• Tokyo Theme Slides: Showcase the bustling energy of Tokyo's cityscapes, iconic landmarks like Tokyo Tower, and vibrant street scenes.
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• Business Slides: Impress your clients and colleagues with professional templates featuring clean lines, calming colors, and subtle Japanese-inspired elements.
• Culture Theme Slides: Celebrate the rich heritage of Japan with slides featuring traditional art, festivals, and fascinating customs.
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What are japan powerpoint templates.

These templates are perfectly crafted, readymade slides that feature stunning graphics, maps, photos, and images to illustrate the Japanese culture, such as landmarks, traditions, demography, etc.

Where can we use these Japan PPT Slides?

We can use these slides in any situation where we need a presentation and a Japanese theme is appropriate. These slides are useful for business presentations related to Japanese markets, travel presentations about visiting Japan, educational presentations on Japanese culture or history, personal projects, like sharing vacation photos or designing a Japanese-themed party invitation, etc.

How can I make Japan PPT Slides in a presentation?

You can make these slides in presentations by adding maps and photos. Using pre-designed slides available online is a simple solution for making quick presentations. Our tips and tricks tutorial pages will help you learn to design slides by yourself.

Who can use Japan PowerPoint Templates?

Business professionals, travelers, students, or anyone interested in presenting Japanese culture can use these templates.

Why do we need Japan PowerPoint Slides?

Using these slides can help us create visually appealing presentations that align with Japanese-related topics, like its culture and tradition.

Where can I find Free Japan PPT Templates?

There are several websites to find free templates. Slide Egg is one of the good platforms to find the best slides for your needs.

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GUIDE Guide to Japan's Cultural Heritage Take a look into the traditional Japanese arts

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Geido — the way of art — encompasses many forms of traditional culture

Sado (tea ceremony), kado (flower arranging), shodo (calligraphy) and bonsai are all well-established traditional Japanese arts. Each requires specific movements and fine attention to detail, in an attempt to heighten the artists' and viewers' understanding of and connection to the world. Schedule in some time for a true Japanese experience during your stay.

Sado — tea ceremony

Dating back over 1,000 years and with heavy Zen influence, the tea ceremony is the ritual preparation and service of matcha. Matcha is a thick, rich-tasting green tea and is often accompanied by traditional sweets to balance the bitter taste. The focus of the ceremony isn't on the drinking but on the process and preparation. Every movement is carefully choreographed, and even the seating arrangement is taken into consideration. As such, there are many etiquette guidelines to be aware of. An instructor or guide will help you to appreciate the many nuances involved.

Ikebana — flower arranging

Ikebana is the sum of many pieces — the flowers, plants, vase and space. Each of these comes together to make a stunning display of temporary art. There are over 300 different styles of arrangements, with the main three being Ikenobo, Sogetsu and Ohara. Ikenobo is the oldest and aims to evoke a natural landscape or a growing plant. Sogetsu is a more free-form style, started in the 1920s. Freely combining any material in unique and dynamic ways, Sogetsu is meant to enhance and be incorporated into any space. Ohara features many distinct styles, from the basic Hana-isho to the Hanamai which plays on three-dimensional interactions. Department stores, restaurants, shops and even train stations will often have displays of ikebana for you to enjoy.

Shodo — calligraphy

Find calligraphy throughout Japan, from storefronts to schools, to public displays. Block, semi-cursive and cursive styles are used for varying effects, along with varying shades and consistencies of ink. As with ikebana, much of the beauty in shodo comes from the use of negative space. Research into joining a class with English-speaking instructors. Or if you're interested purely in the aesthetics, head to a museum, shrine or temple. If you'd like a souvenir to take home, monks at many larger temples spend hours drawing characters and sayings which are sold at reasonable prices in the temple shops.

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Cherry blossoms, mount fuji, samurai, and even anime... yes, we are talking, of course, about japan. this fascinating country, where the highest technology meets the most ancient traditions, is one of the most interesting places in the world. use one of our google slides and powerpoint templates to talk about the land of the rising sun. arigato.

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Shed light on the core values, beliefs, and multifaceted aspects of Japan's culture and societal norms in an exciting way using our Japanese Culture presentation template. These compelling slides feature complete compatibility with MS PowerPoint and Google Slides and will help the presenters put forth their information in an attention-grabbing manner.

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Japanese Culture

Introducing our captivating Japanese Culture presentation template, designed to immerse your audience in the beauty and richness of Japanese traditions. This template features a striking color palette dominated by the elegant pastel red shade, which represents the essence of Japanese culture. With a total of 24 thoughtfully crafted slides, this template offers a comprehensive set of tools to create engaging and informative presentations.

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Our Japanese Culture template is highly versatile and compatible with popular presentation platforms such as PowerPoint, Canva, Google Slides, and Keynote. This enables you to effortlessly customize and personalize your slides, adapting them to suit your specific needs and preferences. Whether you’re giving a lecture on Japanese history, presenting travel recommendations, or organizing a cultural event, this template provides a visually striking backdrop for your content.

Immerse your audience in the unique world of Japanese Culture through the captivating visuals and informative slides of our template. The pastel red color evokes a sense of cultural authenticity and authenticity, allowing you to convey the rich heritage and traditions of Japan with clarity and impact. From tea ceremonies and traditional festivals to the exquisite craftsmanship of Japanese artisans, this template brings the essence of Japanese Culture to life.

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Culture of Japan

Jul 12, 2014

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Culture of Japan. Japan is located in Asia. Japan is an Island. Climate and Terrain. Climate : varies from tropical in the south to cool temperate in the north Terrain : mostly rugged and mountainous with numerous volcanos. Religion.

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Japan is located in Asia

Japan is an Island

Climate and Terrain • Climate: varies from tropical in the south to cool temperate in the north • Terrain: mostly rugged and mountainous with numerous volcanos

Religion • Today many religions are practiced in Japan, but most Japanese follow a combination of Shintoism and Buddhism. • Although religion does not play a major role in the everyday life of the average Japanese, they do have customs and rituals that are observed on special occasions like birthdays, weddings, funerals, and religious holidays.

Japanese Art: Origami • Origami, the art of folding paper to create objects or animals, is a Japanese tradition that is important in many celebrations.

Japanese Art: Ikebana • Ikebana is the unique Japanese art of arranging flowers. It is a very disciplined art form that brings together humanity and nature. It runs completely counter to the concept of a flower arrangement as being just a collection of multicolored blooms and actually puts more focus on stems and leaves

Japanese Art: Ukiyo-e • Ukiyo-e (floating world) is a specific style of Japanese painting produced by woodblock prints which was popular between the seventeenth and twentieth centuries. • This style mostly featured landscape, theater, pleasure quarters, and history motifs. • This art encourages people to live in the moment and to turn their entire focus on the pleasure that is provided by the moon, cherry blossoms, snow, maple leaves, wine, and song. According to the artists of this movement, people should refuse to be disheartened by the burdens of everyday life.

Traditional Clothing Hakama • In recent years, the Japanese have become more accustomed to wearing western clothing. This is likely due to the convenience of western clothes and the global acceptance of western styles and fashions. • However, the Japanese have a rich history of their own unique cultural fashion. Traditional Japanese clothing includes many different types; fundoshi, furisode, hakama, hanten, happi, jinbeit, gūnihitoe, kimono, obi (sashes), samue, sokutai, tomesode, uwagi, and yukata. These garments are made to suit the seasons in which they are worn. • Clothing that has rustic hues and patterns, such as those that feature russet leaves, are preferred for autumn wear. • However, floral designs, such as those that feature cherry blossoms, and more vibrant colors are more common during the spring time. For winter, people who are dressed in kimonos like to wear darker fabric and more layers. Sometimes, people may wear ten layers of clothing.

Language • The Japanese language is spoken by more than one hundred and thirty million people. It belongs to the Japonic (Japanese-Ryukyuan) family of languages. • There is a fairly small inventory of sounds in the language, and the system of pitch-accents is significant. The written language uses three scripts. These are the kanji (Chinese characters), hiragana (for Japanese words), and the katakana (for foreign "loan" words), which are syllable scripts that use modified Chinese characters

Interesting Facts about Japan • 1. Raw horse meat is a popular food in Japan. • 2. Sometimes the trains are so crowded railway staff are employed to cram passengers inside. • 3. Many couples in Japan celebrate Christmas like Valentine's Day. • 4. Poorly written English can be found everywhere, including T-shirts and other fashion items. • 5. More than 70% of Japan consists of mountains, including more than 200 volcanoes. • 6. Mt. Fuji, the tallest mountain in Japan, is an active volcano (although scientists have not reached a consensus on what defines "active"). • 7. Religion does not play a big role in the lives of most Japanese and many do not understand the difference between Shintoism and Buddhism. However, there are also many Japanese who do understand the difference. • 9. There are four different writing systems in Japan; Romaji, Katakana, Hiragana, and Kanji. • 10. Coffee is very popular and Japan imports approximately 85% of Jamaica's annual coffee production. • 11. Japan's literacy rate is almost 100%. • 12. Sumo is Japan's national sport, although baseball is also very popular. • 13. Sumo wrestlers eat a stew called Chankonabe to fatten up. Many restaurants in the Ryogoku district of Tokyo serve this nabe (Japanese word for stew).

Manga and Anime • The Japanese culture has its own unique forms of comic books and animation. Manga (comic books) and anime (animation) are extremely popular in Japan. The earliest animation that is known to have been created in Japan was released in 1917. This early cartoon featured a samurai testing a sword and being defeated. • Japanese animation pioneers included SeitarōKitayama, Jun'ichiKouchi, and ShimokawaOten. The modern style of anime was developed during the 1960s. One of the most influential artists is Osamu Tezuka. He followed the example set by Walt Disney's popular animated films and simplified the techniques they pioneered to save time and money. • Today's anime is both generated by computers and drawn by hand.

Food • While in Japan one can enjoy a wide variety of interesting and delicious dishes, including tako-yaki (grilled or fried octopus), sushi (dish of rice cooked with vinegar topped with seafood -often uncooked) , sashimi (raw fish is sliced and served alone), and tempura (vegetables or seafood that are covered in a light batter and then deep fried ). • A few aspects that set Japanese cuisine apart from other cuisines are it's emphasis on using quality ingredients, particular seasonality, and impeccable presentation.

Traditions: Tea Ceremony • Japanese tea ceremony is a ritual that is heavily-influenced by the teachings of Zen Buddhism. There are two types of the tea gatherings with Ochakai being the simpler form of ceremony. Chaji is the more formal of the two ceremonies. It includes kaiseki (full-course meal), the service of confections, koicha (thick tea), and the thin tea. The chaji tea ceremony can last more than four hours. Tea ceremony has very specific traditions which are followed very closely. If the tea house possesses a bench outside, guests are expected to wait on that bench until the host calls them to come inside the establishment. Guests are then asked to use a little stone basin to wash their hands and mouths to "purify" themselves. After this, the guests head inside, but must remove their shoes before the are allowed to enter. Guests are then seated on a tatami in order from the most prestigious person in the group to the least prestigious. The host lays a charcoal fire in front of them and serves several courses of food and sake to wash it down. After the meal, each guest takes out a little sweet from kasha paper and eats it. Once the sweet is eaten, the guests are all expected to return to the waiting area until they are called again by the host.

Tea Ceremony Continued • The host uses specific movements to clean all of the utensils and then prepares the thick tea. It is proper for the host to have an assistant pour the tea for the guests. The host and the guest exchange bows as the guest drinks from the tea bowl. Then, he repeats this with the second guest. The action is repeated over and over until the last guest has consumed tea from the same bowl as everyone else. Then, the guests admire the tea bowl. Once all of the guests have had a chance to admire the bowl, the host takes the tea bowl out of the room. At this point, the host changes the event from formal to informal and adds more charcoal to the fire. Then, the host prepares individual bowls of the thin tea for each guest in attendance. At this point in the evening, it is finally acceptable for the guests to engage in casual conversations with one another. After the tea has been taken by every guest, the host takes the utensils and cleans them. The guest of honor is supposed to ask the host to let the guests examine the cleaned utensils. Each guests takes a good hard look at the utensils, but handles them with care. The utensils are often very valuable and irreplaceable. Once everything has been examined, it is time for the guests to leave. The host bows to them as they exit through a small doorway concluding the ceremony.

Resources • http://www.facts-about-japan.com • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Japan

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