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डॉ. एपीजे अब्दुल कलाम (APJ Abdul Kalam)

DR. APJ Abdul Kalam Biography एपीजे अब्दुल कलाम का जन्म तमिलनाडु के रामेश्वरम के धनुषकोडी गांव में 15 अक्टूबर 1931 को हुआ था। उनका बचपन संघर्षों से भरा रहा है। कलाम साहब हमेशा सीखने की कला को महत्व देते थे। वह बचपन में अखबार बेचते थे क्योंकि उनके परिवार के पास ज्यादा पैसे नहीं थे और न ही उनके पिता जैनुलाब्दीन ज्यादा पढ़े लिखे थे।

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What is A.P.J. Abdul Kalam known for?

What organizations was a.p.j. abdul kalam associated with, when and how did a.p.j. abdul kalam enter politics.

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A.P.J. Abdul Kalam

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• Official Site of Dr APJ Abdul Kalam International Foundation
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• BBC News - Abdul Kalam: People’s president, extraordinary Indian

A.P.J. Abdul Kalam served as president of the Republic of India from 2002 to 2007. As president, Kalam promoted the advancement of the national nuclear weapons program. Kalam also devised a 20-year action plan to achieve economic growth through technological development in India.

A.P.J. Abdul Kalam attended the Madras Institute of Technology, where he received a degree in aeronautical engineering in 1960. After graduation he joined the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)—an Indian military research institute—and later the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Kalam’s associations were not limited to research organizations: he was also associated with political groups, such as the National Democratic Alliance (NDA).

A.P.J. Abdul Kalam created the Technology Vision 2020 project in 1998. The project sought to develop India’s economy through technology, particularly as applied to agriculture, and increase the availability of health care and education. In recognition of Kalam’s services to the country and broad popularity, the National Democratic Alliance nominated him for president in 2002.

How many awards did A.P.J. Abdul Kalam win?

A.P.J. Abdul Kalam won many awards, both from the Indian government and from the international community. His most notable awards were the Padma Vibhushan, won in 1990, and the Bharat Ratna, won in 1997, for his contributions to science and engineering and service to the government.

Recent News

A.P.J. Abdul Kalam (born October 15, 1931, Rameswaram , India—died July 27, 2015, Shillong) was an Indian scientist and politician who played a leading role in the development of India’s missile and nuclear weapons programs. He was president of India from 2002 to 2007.

Kalam earned a degree in aeronautical engineering from the Madras Institute of Technology and in 1958 joined the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). In 1969 he moved to the Indian Space Research Organisation , where he was project director of the SLV-III , the first satellite launch vehicle that was both designed and produced in India. Rejoining DRDO in 1982, Kalam planned the program that produced a number of successful missiles, which helped earn him the nickname “Missile Man.” Among those successes was Agni, India’s first intermediate-range ballistic missile , which incorporated aspects of the SLV-III and was launched in 1989.

From 1992 to 1997 Kalam was scientific adviser to the defense minister, and he later served as principal scientific adviser (1999–2001) to the government with the rank of cabinet minister. His prominent role in the country’s 1998 nuclear weapons tests solidified India as a nuclear power and established Kalam as a national hero, although the tests caused great concern in the international community . In 1998 Kalam put forward a countrywide plan called Technology Vision 2020, which he described as a road map for transforming India from a less-developed to a developed society in 20 years. The plan called for, among other measures, increasing agricultural productivity, emphasizing technology as a vehicle for economic growth , and widening access to health care and education.

In 2002 India’s ruling National Democratic Alliance (NDA) put forward Kalam to succeed outgoing President Kocheril Raman Narayanan . Kalam was nominated by the Hindu nationalist ( Hindutva ) NDA even though he was Muslim, and his stature and popular appeal were such that even the main opposition party, the Indian National Congress , also proposed his candidacy. Kalam easily won the election and was sworn in as India’s 11th president , a largely ceremonial post, in July 2002. He left office at the end of his term in 2007 and was succeeded by Pratibha Patil , the country’s first woman president.

Upon returning to civilian life, Kalam remained committed to using science and technology to transform India into a developed country and served as a lecturer at several universities. On July 27, 2015, he collapsed while delivering a lecture at the Indian Institute of Management Shillong and was pronounced dead from cardiac arrest soon afterward.

Kalam wrote several books, including an autobiography, Wings of Fire (1999). Among his numerous awards were two of the country’s highest honors, the Padma Vibhushan (1990) and the Bharat Ratna (1997).

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A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

1931 - 2015 | Delhi , India

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Profile of A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

Real Name : Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam

Born : 15 Oct 1931 | Tamil Nadu

Died : 27 Jul 2015

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A.P.J. Abdul Kalam

A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was an Indian scientist and politician who served his country as president from 2002 to 2007.

(1931–2015)

Quick Facts

Early years, rise to the presidency, death and legacy, who was a.p.j. abdul kalam.

A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was an aerospace scientist who joined India's defense department after graduating from the Madras Institute of Technology. He was a central figure in the development of the country's nuclear capabilities and was hailed as a national hero after a series of successful tests in 1998. Kalam served as India's president for one term from 2002 to 2007, and died of a heart attack on July 27, 2015.

FULL NAME: A.P.J. Abdul Kalam BORN: October 15, 1931 DIED: July 27, 2015 BIRTHPLACE: Dhanushkodi, Rameswaram, India SCHOOLS: Madras Institute of Technology, St. Joseph's College ASTROLOGICAL SIGN: Leo

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born into a Muslim family on October 15, 1931, on the island of Dhanushkodi off the southeastern coast of India. He developed an early fascination with flight by watching birds, which developed into an interest in aeronautics after he saw a newspaper article about a British fighter plane.

Despite his modest beginnings – his dad built and rented boats – Kalam was a bright student who showed promise in science and mathematics. He attended St. Joseph's College and went on to earn a degree in aeronautical engineering from the Madras Institute of Technology.

His hopes of becoming a fighter pilot were dashed when he narrowly missed out on a spot with the Indian Air Force. Kalam instead joined the Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO) as a senior scientific assistant in 1958. After moving to the newly formed Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) in 1969, he was named project director of the SLV-III, the first satellite launch vehicle designed and produced on Indian soil.

Returning to the DRDO as director in 1982, Kalam implemented the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program. He then became the senior scientific adviser to India's defense minister in 1992, a position he used to campaign for the development of nuclear tests.

Kalam was a key figure in the May 1998 Pokhran-II tests, in which five nuclear devices were detonated in the Rajasthan Desert. Although the tests resulted in condemnation and economic sanctions from other world powers, Kalam was hailed as a national hero for his staunch defense of the country’s security.

In 2002, India's ruling National Democratic Alliance helped Kalam win an election against Lakshmi Sahgal and become India's 11th president, a largely ceremonial post. Known as the People's President, Kalam set a goal of conducting 500,000 one-on-one meetings with young people over the course of his five-year term. His immense popularity led to him being nominated by MTV for a Youth Icon of the Year award in 2003 and 2006.

After leaving office in 2007, Kalam became a visiting professor at several universities. He formed the "What Can I Give Movement" in 2011 with the goal of creating a compassionate society, and in 2012, his efforts to improve healthcare led to the release of a tablet for medical personnel to use in remote areas.

On July 27, 2015, Kalam suffered a massive heart attack while lecturing at the Indian Institute of Management and subsequently died at the age of 83.

Kalam was laid to rest on July 30 with full state honors in his native Tamil Nadu. In honor of the scientist and former president, the southeast Indian state government of Tamil Nadu created a "Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Award," which recognizes exceptional individuals who promote the sciences, students and humanities. The government has also established Kalam's birthday (October 15) as "Youth Renaissance Day." Discussion about building a large-scale memorial at his burial site is underway.

Among his many accolades, including honorary doctorates from 40 universities, he was granted the Padma Bhushan (1981), the Padma Vibhushan (1990) and the Bharat Ratna (1997) — India's highest civilian awards — for his contributions in modernizing government defense technology. He also wrote several books, including the autobiography Wings of Fire in 1999.

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DR. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam FORMER PRESIDENT OF INDIA Term of Office: 25th July 2002 - 25th July 2007

Former President Of India

Dr. a.p.j. abdul kalam.

Born on 15th October 1931 at Rameswaram in Tamil Nadu, Dr. Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam, specialized in Aeronautical Engineering from Madras Institute of Technology. Dr. Kalam made significant contribution as Project Director to develop India's first indigenous Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-III) which successfully injected the Rohini satellite in the near earth orbit in July 1980 and made India an exclusive member of Space Club.

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• 24 Jul 07 Thanks Giving Address to the Nation
• 21 Jul 07 Address to the Rashtrapati Bhavan Community, Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi
• 19 Jul 07 Address to the Members of India Islamic Cultural Centre, New Delhi
• 18 Jul 07 Address During the Presentation of the Air India National Rank and Bolt Awards for the Year 2006-07 to…

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APJ Abdul Kalam, Biography, Full Name, Contributions, Awards

Apj abdul kalam, apj abdul kalam contributions.

• Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Awards and Honours

Prelims : General Science

Mains : Achievements of Indians in Science & Technology; Indigenization of Technology and Developing New Technology.

Dr. Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam, commonly known as Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam, was an iconic Indian scientist, aerospace engineer, and visionary leader. Abdul Kalam served as the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007 and is widely celebrated as the "People's President" for his immense contributions to science, technology, and the socio-economic development of India. He played a pivotal role in the development of India's ballistic missile and launch vehicle technology.

Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam, born on October 15, 1931, in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, was an exemplary scientist, statesman, and teacher who played a pivotal role in shaping India's nuclear capabilities, missile technology, and the nation's space endeavours. Kalam breathed his last on July 27, 2015, while delivering a lecture at IIM-Shillong.

APJ Abdul Kalam Early Life and Education

• Rameswaram roots: Dr. Kalam hailed from a modest background in Rameswaram. His father, Jainulabudeen, was a boat owner, and his mother, Ashiamma, was a housewife.
• APJ Kalam pursued a bachelor's degree in physics in 1954 fromTiruchirappalli.
• APJ Abdul Kalam received a degree in aeronautical engineering fromMadras Institute of Technology .

APJ Abdul Kalam Career

Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam began a distinguished career that expertly combined science, technology, and defence, leaving an imprint on history.

• DRDO: Kalam began his career as a scientist at the Aeronautical Development Establishment of the Defense Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) in 1960.
• After joining the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) in 1969, Kalam oversaw the development of SLV-III , India's first satellite launch vehicle.
• Project Devil and Project Valiant aimed to create ballistic missiles using the SLV program's successful technology.
• In 1982, Kalam oversaw the development of several successful missiles, including the Agni and Prithvi missiles, earning him the title of "Missile Man of India. "
• He played a significant political and technological role during the Pokhran-II nuclear tests in 1998.
• He was the first scientist- President of India, with no political background.

Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam's contributions spanned various domains, making him a symbol of India's scientific excellence and technological advancements.

Space Technology

• This achievement catapulted India into an exclusive club of space-exploring nations.
• PSLV: He was in charge of the evolution of ISRO 's launch vehicle programme, specifically the PSLV (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle) configuration .

Defence and Missile Technology

• Development of ballistic missiles: Kalam oversaw the projects Devil and Valiant, which aimed to develop ballistic missiles using the technology developed for the successful SLV programme.
• IGMDP: Dr. Kalam's leadership in the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program (IGMDP) led to the development of the Agni, an intermediate-range ballistic missile and Prithvi, a surface-to-surface missile, reinforcing India's defence capabilities.
• Despite criticism, his unwavering pursuit of scientific excellence laid the groundwork for India's nuclear and space capabilities.
• It resulted in a significant reduction in the price of coronary stents , with a price reduction of more than 50% compared to when it was previously imported.
• Kalam-Raju Tablet: In 2012, Kalam and Soma Raju collaborated on the development of a rugged tablet computer for better healthcare administration in the country's rural areas. It was known as the Kalam-Raju tablet.'
• Literature: Aside from his scientific and political contributions, Kalam was an accomplished author, having written acclaimed books such as “Wings of Fire” , “My Journey”," Indomitable Spirit", “Ignited Minds” , India 2020 and many more, which continue to inspire generations.
• He worked to empower Indian youth and encourage them to take up careers in science and technology.
• Social justice: Kalam was also a champion of social justice and equality. He worked to improve the lives of marginalised and disadvantaged groups in India.
• Technology Vision 2020: As Chairman of the Technology Information, Forecasting, and Assessment Council and an eminent scientist, he led the country with the help of 500 experts to arrive at Technology Vision 2020, which provides a road map for India's transition from developing to developed status.

Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Awards and Honours

Dr. Abdul Kalam's unparalleled contributions to S&T and his dedication to advancing the nation have earned him numerous accolades and recognitions.

• Von Braun Award from the National Space Society
• Indira Gandhi Award for National Integration
• Veer Savarkar Award
• Padma Bhushan, Padma Vibhushan
• Bharat Ratna in 1997
• He received honorary doctorates from 30 universities and institutions.
• His birthday is celebrated as "Youth Renaissance Day" in Tamil Nadu 
• The new bacteria was discovered on the filters of the International Space Station by researchers at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, who named it Solibacillus Kalamii in honour of Abdul Kalam.
• Wheeler Island , a national missile test site in Odisha, was renamed Abdul Kalam Island.

APJ Abdul Kalam UPSC PYQs

Question 1: "If a country is to be corruption-free and become a nation of beautiful minds, I strongly feel that there are three key societal members who can make a difference. They are father, mother and teacher." – A.P.J. Abdul Kalam (UPSC Mains 2022)

APJ Abdul Kalam FAQs

Q1. Who was Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam?

Ans. Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam was an accomplished scientist renowned for his contributions to science and technology, particularly in the fields of space technology and missile development. He served as the President of India from 2002 to 2007.

Q2. What was Abdul Kalam famous for?

Ans. For his contributions to the development of ballistic missile technology, he was famously known as the "Missile Man of India." Kalam served as the Prime Minister's Chief Scientific Adviser and DRDO Secretary from 1992 to 1999.

Q3. What are Dr. Kalam's notable achievements in the field of space technology?

Ans. Dr. Kalam's notable achievements in the field of space technology include the successful development of India's SLV-III and PSLV.

Q4. Why is Kalam called the Missile Man of India?

Ans. Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam, the former President of India, is known as the 'Missile Man of India' for his contribution to developing India's missile projects, the Prithvi and Agni missiles. He also played a significant role in developing the first indigenous satellite launch vehicle.

Q5. Where is Abdul Kalam Island located?

Ans. Abdul Kalam Island is located off the coast of Odisha. This island is home to the integrated missile test range. The island was originally named after the English Lieutenant Wheeler, but in September 2015, it was renamed after the former President of India, Dr. Abdul Kalam.

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Cultural India

A. p. j. abdul kalam.

11 th President of India (July 25, 2002 – July 25, 2007)

Date of Birth : October 15, 1931

Place of Birth : Rameswaram, Ramnad District, Madras Presidency, British India

Parents : Jainulabdeen (Father) and Ashiamma (Mother)

Spouse : Remained Unmarried

Education : St. Joseph’s College, Tiruchirappalli; Madras Institute of Technology

Profession: Professor, Author, Scientist

Died : July 27, 2015

Place of Death: Shillong, Meghalaya, India

Awards : Bharat Ratna (1997), Padma Vibhushan (1990), Padma Bhushan (1981)

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam, better known as APJ Abdul Kalam, was an illustrious scientist turned statesman who served as the 11 th President of India from 2002 to 2007. Kalam spent more than forty years as a science administrator and scientist mainly at the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) and Defence Research and the Development Organization (DRDO). He was closely associated with the military missile development efforts and civilian space programme of India. For his work on launch vehicle technology and development of ballistic missile, he was given the pseudonym of ‘The Missile Man of India.’ In 1998, he played a prominent role in Pokhran-II Nuclear Tests.

In 2002, he was elected the 11 th President of the country and became widely known as the ‘People’s President.’ After serving his presidential term he pursued what he loved most – teaching, writing and reading. For his achievements and contributions as a scientist, he was honoured with the ‘Bharat Ratan Award,’ India’s highest civilian honour.

He left for the heavenly abode on July 27, 2015, while delivering a lecture at the Indian Institute of Management (IIM) Shillong. He was laid to rest with full state-honours and his funeral was attended by thousands of people including national-level dignitaries.

Photo Credit : https://www.thetalentedindian.com/dr-a-p-j-abdul-kalam-earth-received-an-honored-guest-but-a-visionary-is-laid-to-rest/

APJ Abdul Kalam was born into a poor Tamil Muslim family in the pilgrimage town of Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, on October 15, 1931. His mother, Ashiamma, was a housewife and his father, Jainulabdeen, was an imam of a local mosque and a boat owner. He was the youngest in the family with four elder brothers and a sister.

Though, the family was not financially affluent yet all the children were raised in an atmosphere that was full of love and compassion. In order to add to the family’s income, Kalam had to sell newspapers during his early years.

He was an average student during his school, but possessed a strong desire to learn and was very hard working. He loved mathematics and spent hours studying the subject. He pursued his education from ‘Schwartz Higher Secondary School,’ and then graduated from ‘Saint Joseph’s College, Tiruchirappalli,’ in 1954. He wanted to become a fighter pilot but his dream could not be fulfilled as here were only eight positions available in the IAF and he secured the ninth place.

As A Scientist

In 1960, he graduated from the ‘Madras Institute of Technology,’ and joined as a scientist at the ‘Aeronautical Development Establishment,’ after becoming a member of the ‘Defence Research and Development Service.’ Kalam also worked under the eminent space scientist Vikram Sarabhai while he was a part of ‘INCOSPAR’ committee. Kalam was transferred to the ‘Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)’ in 1969. He became the project head of the country’s foremost Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-III). In July 1980, SLV-III deployed the ‘Rohini’ satellite successfully near-earth orbit under Kalam’s leadership.

Kalam was a part of a number of projects, including ‘Project Devil,’ in 1970. Though the project was not successful, yet it laid the foundation for the development of the ‘Prithvi Missile,’ in 1980. He was also associated with ‘Project Valiant.’

In 1983, Kalam returned to DRDO as its chief as he was asked to lead the ‘Integrated Guided Missile Development Program’ (IGMDP).

In May 1998, he played a key role in carrying out ‘Porkhran-II’ nuclear tests by India. The success of these nuclear tests made Kalam a national hero and his popularity went skyrocketing.

As a technical visionary, he made several recommendations in the fields of technological innovations, agriculture, and nuclear energy to make India a developed nation by 2020.

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As President

In 2002, Kalam was chosen the Presidential nominee by the ruling National Democratic Alliance (NDA), and he was elected the President. He became the 11 th President of India on July 25, 2002 and served the position till July 25, 2007.

He also became the third President of India to have received ‘Bharat Ratna’ before assuming the office of the President.

Due to his style of working and interaction with common people, especially the youth, he was affectionately called ‘The People’s President.’ According to Dr. Kalam, the most arduous decision he had taken during his tenure was that of signing the ‘Office of Profit Bill.’

During his tenure as President, he faced criticism for his inaction in deciding the fate of mercy petitions that were submitted to him. Out of the 21 mercy petitions, he acted only on one mercy plea. In 2005, he recommended for President’s rule in Bihar, which also became a controversial decision.

Photo Credit :http://www.youthconnect.in/2014/11/13/12-rare-stories-about-dr-apj-abdul-kalam-will-make-your-day-today/

As An Academician

After the end of his presidential term, he became a visiting professor at the ‘Indian Institute of Management (IIM), Ahemdabad,’ ‘Indian Institute of Management ((IIM), Indore,’ and the ‘Indian Institute of Management (IIM), Shillong.’ He served as a professor of Aerospace Engineering at Anna University, as chancellor at the ‘Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology Thiruvananthapuram,’ an honorary fellow of ‘Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore,’ and an adjunct at a number of other research and academic institutes across the country. He also taught technology at ‘Anna University,’ and ‘Banaras Hindu University,’ and taught information technology at the ‘International Institute of Information Technology (IIIT), Hyderabad.’

With an aim to defeat corruption and bring efficiency, Kalam launched a program for the youth, called ‘What Can I Give Movement,’ in 2012.

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Awards and Achievements

• Kalam was honoured with the prestigious ‘Bharat Ratan,’ ‘Padma Vibhushan,’ and ‘Padma Bhushan’ from the Government of India.
• He was bestowed upon the ‘Indira Gandhi Award for National Integration’ by the Government of India in 1997.
• He was the recipient of Veer Savarkar Award.
• In 2000, he was bestowed with ‘Ramanujan Award’ by the ‘Alwars Research Centre.’
• In 2007, he received the ‘Kings Charles II Medal’ from the Royal Society.
• The ASME Foundation, USA, honoured Kalam with the Hoover Medal.
• He also received honorary doctorate from 40 universities.
• The United Nations recognized Kalam’s 79 th birthday as World Students’ Day.
• In 2003 and 2006, he was nominated for the ‘MTV Youth Icon of the Year.’

Kalam went to IIM Shillong to deliver a lecture on ‘Creating a Livable Planet Earth,’ on July 27, 2015. While climbing a flight of stairs, he expressed some discomfort, but made his way to the auditorium. Only five minutes into the lecture, around 6:35pm IST, he collapsed in the lecture hall. He was taken to ‘Bethany Hospital’ in a critical condition. He was kept in the intensive care unit but lacked signs of life. At 7:45pm IST, he was declared dead due to cardiac arrest.

Kalam’s body was airlifted in an Indian Air Force helicopter and was flown to New Delhi on July 28. Numerous dignitaries and masses paid homage to him at his residence at 10 Rajaji Marg. Kalam’s body, wrapped in the national flag, was then flown to the town of Mandapam, from where an army truck took it to his home town of Rameswaram. His body was displayed at Rameswaram in front of a bus station to allow people to pay their last respect to the departed soul. On July 30, 2015, the former President was laid to rest with full state honours at Rameswaram’s Pei Karumbu Ground. Kalam’s last rites were attended by more than 350,000 people.

Photo Credit : http://agnicollege.blogspot.com/2015/04/dr-kalam-hails-agnis-ignite-2015-step.html

Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam and the Youth

Destiny was seen being benevolent when death beseeched Kalam while he was doing what he wanted to do throughout his life – sharing knowledge. Kalam took the final gasp doing what he loved most, and amongst those whom he loved the most – the youth. His life became a paradigm for the youth of the country. He became a role model and inspiration for the younger generation due to his humble nature, simple and easy going personality, and his ability to connect with young minds.

His Writings

Dr Kalam authored and co-authored a number of instructional and inspirational books, including ‘India 2020: A Vision for the New Millennium,’ ‘Wings of Fire,’ ‘The Luminous Sparks: A Biography in Verse and Colours,’ ‘Mission of India: A Vision of Indian Youth,’ ‘You Are Born To Blossom,’ ‘Ignited Minds: Unleashing the Power within India,’ ‘Guiding Souls,’ ‘Inspiring Thoughts,’ ‘Turning Points: A Journey Through Challenges,’ ‘Transcendence My Spiritual Experiences,’ ‘Beyond 2020: A Vision for Tomorrow’s India,’ and various others.

Photo Credit : https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/a-p-j-abdul-kalam-590.php

Interesting Facts About Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam

• A man who spent approximately five decades in public service that included one stint as ‘The President,’ Kalam owned precious little. He owned no property, TV, fridge, car, AC, but owned approximately 2,500 books, six shirts, a pair of shoes, a wristwatch, four trousers and three suits.
• He never accepted any gifts from anyone, except books.
• He never charged any fee for the lectures that he delivered within or outside the country.
• His love for technology is no secret and he kept an eye on all the latest developments primarily through radio.
• He was a vegetarian and was always happy with what he was served.
• He was a pious soul and particular about his morning prayer, which he never missed.
• He was never seen wearing his religion on his sleeves nor was he seen playing up his humble origins.
• He never wrote his will. However, whatever was left behind was to be given to his elder brother and to grandchildren. Kalam always called his elder brother before going or returning from a significant assignment.
• His autobiography ‘Wings of Fire,’ was initially published in English but has been translated into thirteen languages, including Chinese and French.
• In 2011, Nila Madhab Panda directed a movie based on the life of Kalam, titled, ‘I Am Kalam.’
• Mathematics and Physics were his favourite subjects.

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A.P.J. Abdul Kalam | Biography, Childhood, Facts, & Death

Table of Content

• 1 Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam Summary
• 2 Facts about Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam
• 3.1 Abdul Kalam Childhood
• 4.1 Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam Secretary of the Defence Research
• 5 When did APJ Abdul Kalam’s Death
• 6 Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam’s Family
• 7.1 What was Abdul Kalam famous for?
• 7.2 Did Abdul Kalam have children?
• 7.3 At what age Abdul Kalam died?
• 7.4 What was the Name of Abdul Kalam Father?
• 7.5 Related

Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam Summary

Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam’s  full name was  Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam . Abdul Kalam was the eleventh and first non-political President of India , whom he received from an engineer and scientist because of his special contribution to the state of technology and shape. Did. Abdul Kalam was the President of India from 2002 to 2007 . He keeps looking very good in his eyes and is also called the man with zero. Worked as a scientist for decades and also created many organizations.

Facts about Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam

Who was Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam

Abdul Kalam Childhood

Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam  was born in  Punjab  in 1931 in  Dhanushkodi village ,  Rameswaram ,  Tamil Nadu  fishermen family. He is a Tamil Muslim. His father’s name was Jainulabdeen and his mother name was Ashiamma Jainulabiddin . Abdul Kalam’s father, who belonged to a middle-class family, used to run his house after watching his boat fishermen, and Abdul Kalam had to struggle a lot for his studies. He used to read newspapers from house to house and with that money.

Abdul Kalam used to study the fees of his school and asked his father to blend it with honesty and pride. He learned to live that his mother believed in God and took care of the household chores with three of Kalam Ji. Had an elder brother and an elder sister. Abdul Kalam’s study of typing In 1950, Kalam completed his B.Sc at Rameshwar Elementary School from St. Joseph’s College. Followed by Diploma in Aeronautical Engineering at Madras Institute of Technology in 1954-1957.

In his childhood, his dream was to become a fighter pilot, but with time, his dream changed in 1958. While working as a Technical Scientist in Kalonji Lee DAP, he developed prototypes and Led a team of a scientist for the craft at the very beginning of his career. Now Unnao district Indian He Designed a small helicopter for the army in 1962. He started working in the field in 1968. Between drowning, he worked on many posts in the field of space. And in 1962, Kalam Ji became the first such person in India in this row to head the project of Abdul Kalam. 

The 98th Roshni was successfully Installed for the earth under the leadership of this important contribution. He was also awarded Padma Bhushan, one of the national awards of India, by the Government of India in 1981. Awarded Abdul Kalam ji always credits his success to his mother. He says that His mother taught him to understand the good and the bad, and he says that the tendency towards studies.

Given this, my mother had 14 years of Devgiri for me so that I could fall till 11:00 at night. Yes, if I have not given you, I even got my bag in again. He became the director of difference, and An Integrated Guided Missile Development Program was launched to make Agni Prithvi and Akash Science Abdul Kalam play a very important role in 1998.

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Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam Secretary of the Defence Research

Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam as Defense Minister . Became a consultant and worked in this post till 1999. He was included in the Top Scientists of the Government of India list. The name includes APJ Abdul Kalam for his contribution to the field of science and his fans in 1997. Bharat Ratna was given the biggest honor in 2002.

In 2002, Kalam ji was supported by the Bharatiya Janata Party . Made his candidate in the presidential election, which was supported by all. On 18 July 2002, APJ Abdul Kalam ji took oath for the post of President Kalam ji never joined politics, yet he, Despite the lack of amenities in his life, is sitting for the post of this President of India.

He was not a fan. Reaching the post of President is very inspiring for all of us today’s youngsters APJ Considers Abdul Kalam ji as his mentor. It is not easy to reach such a height by taking birth in a small village. It is not a matter of how. On the strength of his dedication and hard work, he kept moving forward while facing the affair and became a part of the youngsters. One must learn something from his life APJ Abdul Kalam loved children very much.

He always gave good lessons to the youth of his country. He says that the country can fill the whole country whenever he wants. All the people of India know him as Missile Man .

Kalam ji is the President of India who married Didn’t. He was made half the President on the day he came into politics APJ Abdul Kalam, by becoming the President, started a new era that Kalam ji after leaving the post of President of Indian Institute of AP Singh Degree College of Anna University will become the Chancellor of Science and Technology in Ferozepur In addition to becoming a professor, many colleges in the country were called as visiting professors. 

See also:- APJ Abdul kalam Facts

When did APJ Abdul Kalam’s Death

The Manifesto For Change Mission India Sparing Shot My Journey Dentist India You Want bloom We all must read it once. Only then will it know  APJ Abdul Kalam  is greater than we think. Apart from this, many universities moved to Shillong in 2015. Come Shillong Abdul Kalam ji’s health deteriorated during a function where he was lecturing to the college’s children.

Then suddenly, he fell, and after that, he was admitted to Shallow Hospital his condition Due to being fragile, he got his admission, took his last breath, and said goodbye to the world. After this sad news, the primary teacher of 7 days was announced at the age of eighty-four In. I had said goodbye to the world, after his death, on July 28, and he brought him from Guwahati to Delhi.

He was kept for darshan here in Gaya Delhi, where all the big leaders came and paid tribute. In 2015 he was taken to his village by a bus 3 narrated the last rites of Kalam ji in his village. With the passion and passion of Abdul Kalam, the Missile Man, the country got many missiles on its own and made them powerful. To make India clean, missiles like Prithvi and Agni gave the country. Abdullah wants to make the country powerful but self-reliant in technology and education.  

Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam’s Family

People Also Ask?

What was abdul kalam famous for.

India knows Abdul Kalam as Missile Man. Abdul Kalam wants to make India no 1 in Technology.

Did Abdul Kalam have children?

Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Memorial Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, India

At what age Abdul Kalam died?

Did not have children on his own

What was the Name of Abdul Kalam Father?

Abdul kalam’s Father name was Jainulabiddin Marakayar.

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``WINGS OF FIRE'': Autobiography of A P J Kalam, India's`` Missile Man'' President

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APJ Abdul Kalam Biography: Inventions, Achievements, Death Date, Quotes, Full Name, Education & other details

Apj abdul kalam death anniversary is being observed on july 27. know more about apj abdul kalam's  inventions, death date, achievements, education, early life, family and other details. .

APJ Abdul Kalam Biography: Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam was an Indian aerospace scientist who served as the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007. He was born on October 15, 1931,  raised in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, and studied Physics and aerospace engineering. APJ Abdul Kalam was elected as the 11th President of India in 2002 with the support of both the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party and the then opposition Indian National Congress party. Also referred to as ‘People’s President’, APJ Abdul Kalam returned to his civilian life of education, writing, and public service after serving only one term.

APJ Abdul Kalam Biography

APJ Abdul Kalam Early Life, Education

Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam was born on October 15, 1981, to a Tamil Muslim family in the pilgrimage center of Rameswaram on Pamban Island. It was then in the Madras Presidency under British India and is now in the State of Tamil Nadu.

APJ Abdul Kalam’s father Jainulabdeen Marakayar was a boat owner and imam of a local mosque while his mother Ashiamma was a housewife. His father also owned a ferry that took Hindu pilgrims back and forth between Rameswaram and the now uninhabited Dhanushkodi.

APJ Abdul Kalam was the youngest of four brothers and one sister in his family. His family had been wealthy Marakayar traders and landowners, with numerous properties and large tracts of land. With the opening of the Pamban Bridge to the mainland in 1914, however, the businesses failed and the family fortune and properties were lost over time, apart from the ancestral home.

APJ Abdul Kalam Education

Apj abdul kalam as a scientist.

After graduating from the Madras Institute of Technology in 1960, APJ Abdul Kalam joined the Aeronautical Development Establishment of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) as a scientist after becoming a member of the Defence Research and Development Service. He started his career by designing a small hovercraft, however, remained unconvinced by his job at DRDO.

In 1969, APJ Abdul Kalam was transferred to the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) where he was the project director of India’s first Satellite Launch Vehicle which successfully deployed the Rohini satellite in near-earth orbit in July 1980.

APJ Abdul Kalam was also invited by Raja Ramanna to witness the country’s first nuclear test, Smiling Buddha, as the representative of TBRL, even though he had not participated in its development.

Get here current GK and GK quiz questions in English and Hindi for India , World, Sports and Competitive exam preparation. Download the Jagran Josh Current Affairs App .

• What is the full form of APJ in APJ Abdul Kalam? + Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam is the full name of Dr. Kalam.
• Why is Dr. APJ Abdul kalam is known as the Missile Man of India? + APJ Abdul Kalam is known as the Missile Man of India for his work on the development of ballistic missiles and launch vehicle technology.
• Where was Dr. APJ Abdul kalam born? + Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam was born on October 15, 1981 to a Tamil Muslim Family in the pilgrimage center of Rameswaram on Pamban Island.
• What are the other names given to Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam? + APJ Abdul Kalam is also known as "People's President" and "Missile Man of India".
• Why is Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam famous? + Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam is the Indian scientist who played a leading role in the development of India's missile and nuclear weapon programs.
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In this article, we will be discussing the Biography of A P J Abdul Kalam. He was a prominent Indian scientist who served as the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007. Renowned for his pivotal role within the nation’s civilian space programme and military missile development, he was called the Missile Man of India. He made his contributions to India’s Pokhran-II nuclear tests in 1998 which established him as a national hero. An alumnus of the distinguished Madras Institute of Technology, Kalam began his career as a scientist at the Aeronautical Development Establishment of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). He was later transferred to the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) where he served because of the project director of India’s first Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-III). He has joined DRDO later and became closely involved in India’s space programme. he served because the Chief Scientific Adviser to the Prime Minister within the 1990s before becoming the President of India in 2002. Immensely popular during his term, he earned the moniker of People’s President. Dr. Kalam was honoured with several awards including the Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian honour, for his great contribution to the Nation’s space and nuclear programmes . 

EARLY LIFE - Biography of A.P.J.Abdul Kalam | Educational Qualification of APJ Abdul Kalam.

Dr. Kalam was born in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu on 15 October 1931 into a Muslim family . His father Jainulabudeen was a ship owner while his mother Ashiamma was a housewife. Kalam had four elder siblings. Even though his ancestors had been wealthy traders, the family had lost most of its fortunes by the 1920s and was poverty-stricken by the time Kalam was born. As a young boy he had to sell newspapers to support his family’s income.

Even though the family wasn’t financially well-off, the youngsters were raised in an environment stuffed with love. In one in every of the books which Kalam wrote decades later, he fondly remembered how his mother would lovingly feed her own quota of food to the kids and go hungry herself.

Kalam was an honest student and always curious to find out more about how things happened. When he was ten years old, one in every of his teachers, Siva Subramania Iyer, took the scholars to the seashore and asked them to watch the birds on the wing. Then the teacher gave the kids a theoretical explanation, which plus the live practical example, cast a deep influence on young Kalam’s mind. That very day the boy realised that his life’s calling had something to try to to with flight. After completing his studies at Schwartz Higher middle school, he enrolled at Saint Joseph’s College, Tiruchirappalli, graduating in science in 1954. Pursuing his childhood dream, he travelled to Madras to review aerospace engineering in Madras Institute of Technology.

During his third year, he was assigned a project to style a low-level airplane along with some other students. The project was a difficult one and on top of it, their guide gave them a really tight deadline. The young men worked hard under immense pressure, and eventually managed to complete target within the deadline. The guide was thoroughly impressed by Kalam’s dedication. At this juncture, Kalam aspired to become a combat pilot. However he couldn’t realise this dream.

KALAM AS SCIENTIST & PRESIDENT OF INDIA | APJ Abdul Kalam Educational Qualification

Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam earned his degree in 1957 and joined the Aeronautical Development Establishment of the DRDO as a scientist in 1958.

In the early 1960’s , he has worked with the Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) under the renowned space scientist Vikram Sarabhai. He also designed alittle hovercraft for DRDO India .

Dr. Kalam visited to NASA’s Langley Center in Hampton. He has also visited Virginia; Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland & Wallops Flight Facility in 1963-64.

Inspired by this visit, he began acting on an expandable rocket project independently at DRDO in 1965.

However, he wasn’t much satisfied together with his work on DRDO and was happy to be transferred to the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) in 1969.

Dr. Kalam served as the project director of the SLV-III and successfully designed and indigenously produced India’s first satellite launching vehicle.

In the 1970s, he began making efforts to develop the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV). Developed to permit India to launch its Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellites into Sun-synchronous orbits, the nation’s PSLV project was an eventual success; it absolutely was first launched on 20 September 1993.

A.P.J. Kalam also directed several other projects, including Project Devil, within the 1970s. Project Devil was an early liquid-fueled missile project aimed toward producing a short-range guided missile. The project wasn’t a hit within the long-term and was discontinued within the 1980s. However it led to the later development of the Prithvi missile within the 1980s. He was also attached the Project Valiant which aimed toward the event of intercontinental missile. like Project Devil, this project too wasn’t successful in itself but played a job within the development of the Prithvi missile shortly.

In the early 1980s, the Integrated missile Development Programme (IGMDP), an Indian Ministry of Defence programme managed by the DRDO in partnership with other government organisations was launched. He was requested to rejoin DRDO India as the Chief Executive of the IGMDP in 1983. The programme, which received tremendous political support, aimed toward the concurrent development of 4 projects: Short range surface-to-surface missile (code-named Prithvi), Short range low-level guided missile (code-named Trishul), Medium range guided missile (code-named Akash) and Third-generation anti-tank missile (code-named Nag).

The IGMDP, under the able leadership of Kalam proved to be a convincing success and produced variety of successful missiles including the primary Prithvi missile in 1988, and therefore the Agni missile in 1989. because of his achievements because the director of the IGMDP, A.P.J. Abdul Kalam earned the nickname of “Missile Man.” His increasing involvement with governmental agencies led to his appointment because the Scientific Adviser to the Defense Minister in 1992. In 1999, he was appointed because the Principal Scientific Adviser to the govt of India with the rank of cabinet minister.

In the late 1990s, he played a serious role in conducting the Pokhran-II, a series of 5 nuclear bomb test explosions at the Indian Army’s Pokhran range in May 1998. Following the success of those tests which elevated Kalam to the status of a national hero, the then-Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee declared India a full-fledged nuclear state. In addition to being a superb scientist, A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was also a visionary. In 1998, he proposed a state plan called Technology Vision 2020 to function an action commit to make India a developed nation by the year 2020. He recommend several suggestions, including nuclear empowerment, technological innovations, and improved agricultural productivity to attain the identical.

In 2002, the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) which was in power at the time, expressed its decision to nominate Dr. Kalam for the 13th President of India . Kalam, being a preferred national figure, easily won the presidential election.

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DR. KALAM AS SCIENTIST

DR. A.P.J ABDUL KALAM

In addition to being a superb scientist, A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was also a visionary. In 1998, he proposed a state plan called Technology Vision 2020 to function an action commit to make India a developed nation by the year 2020. He recommend several suggestions, including nuclear empowerment, technological innovations, and improved agricultural productivity to attain the identical.

He was also attached the Project Valiant which aimed toward the event of intercontinental missile. like Project Devil, this project too wasn't successful in itself but played a job within the development of the Prithvi missile shortly.

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We are committed to spread awareness among new generation, and provides preparation classes for different  entrance exams for new age career opportunities. Ignite India was established in 2006. Ignite Study Points are in across country  including New Delhi , Bangalore, Mumbai, Chennai, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad, Patna etc . 

Objective of this initiative is to guide, mentor and inspire young minds who want to pursue career in the fields of Architecture, Design,  Fashion Design  Fashion, Fine Arts, Interior, Law, Hotel, Management and other new age career opportunities. 

This initiative is managed by design, management and technology professionals and committed to transform India in to the developed nation. We also Organise Annual IGNITE Awards, Ignite Career Fest, Ignite India Miraki and other events throughout the year to spread awareness  among students

We are committed to spread awareness among new generation, and provides preparation classes for different  entrance exams for new age career opportunities. Ignite India was established in 2006. Ignite Study Points are in across country  including New Delhi , Bangalore, Mumbai, Chennai, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad, Patna etc .  This initiative is managed by design, management and technology professionals and committed to transform India in to the developed nation. We also Organise Annual IGNITE Awards, Ignite Career Fest, Ignite India Miraki and other events throughout the year to spread awareness  among students. 

EVENT FOR DR. A.P.J ABDUL KALAM

The IGMDP, under the able leadership of Kalam proved to be a convincing success and produced variety of successful missiles including the primary Prithvi missile in 1988, and therefore the Agni missile in 1989. because of his achievements because the director of the IGMDP, A.P.J. Abdul Kalam earned the nickname of “Missile Man.” Biography of A.P.J.Abdul Kalam

His increasing involvement with governmental agencies led to his appointment because the Scientific Adviser to the Defense Minister in 1992. In 1999, he was appointed because the Principal Scientific Adviser to the govt of India with the rank of cabinet minister. Biography of A.P.J.Abdul Kalam

KALAM AS SCIENTIST IN INDIA

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Fashion & Textile Designer, Educational and Career Counselor. He is an alumnus of NIFT and won the Best Graduation Project Award. He is guiding students from the past 10 years.

Ignite India Education is inspired by the former President of India Bharat Ratna Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam’s vision of “India Beyond 2020”. Our aim is to fulfil his vision by empowering society and transforming India into a developed nation through education.

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Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Biography, Early Life and Education, Family, Wife, Siblings, Career & More

Dr. APJ Abdul  Kalam fondly known as the “Missile Man of India,” was a luminary and an inspiring figure in India’s history. A brilliant scientist and the 11th President of India, Dr. Kalam’s life serves as a testament to the power of dedication, knowledge, and integrity.

His journey from humble beginnings to becoming a renowned aerospace engineer, responsible for India’s missile development and space technology advancements, has captured the imagination of millions.

In this article, we explore the remarkable life of Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, his pivotal contributions to India’s scientific progress, and his enduring legacy as a visionary leader and an inspiration to generations worldwide.

Who was APJ Abdul Kalam?

As the 11th President of India, Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam was an Indian space scientist who led the country from 2002 to 2007. Born on October 15, 1931, he grew up in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, and went to school to study physics and aerospace engineering. Abdul Kalam became India’s 11th President in 2002. The ruling Bharatiya Janata Party and the rival Indian National Congress party backed him.

After only one term, APJ Abdul Kalam went back to teaching, writing, and public service as a civilian. He was also known as the “People’s President.” Read APJ Abdul Kalam’s biography to learn more about his life, including his full name, achievements, ideas, quotes, and other important facts.

APJ Abdul Kalam Biography

APJ Abdul Kalam, whose full name was Dr. Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam, was a great scientist, a creative leader, and one of India’s most beloved people. He was born on October 15, 1931, in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu. Dr. Kalam’s life story inspires people all over the world. From being poor to becoming the 11th President of India, his story shows how hard work, understanding, and a strong love for his country can pay off.

Kalam had a simple childhood but became one of India’s most loved and recognized leaders. He came from a simple home and had many problems when he was young. He was very interested in science and technology and wanted to learn everything he could.

APJ Abdul Kalam Early Life and Education

In his early years, Kalam had to deal with the problems of coming from a low-income family, but his parents taught him the importance of hard work, discipline, and education. From a very young age, he was highly interested in science and technology because he had a very open mind.

The Rameswaram Elementary School was Kalam’s first school, and the Schwartz Higher Secondary School in Ramanathapuram was his next school. It was amazing how well he did in school and was interested in math and science.

In 1950, Kalam got into St. Joseph’s College, Tiruchirappalli, to study physics and get a degree. But in his second year of college, he changed his mind and chose to study aviation engineering instead, which was something he was interested in.

In 1954, Kalam got his degree in aviation engineering from the Madras Institute of Technology (MIT), Chennai (then called Madras). His time at MIT set him up for success as a scientist and aircraft engineer in the future.

After finishing school, Kalam worked for the Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO) and the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). He was essential to India’s missile development program and significantly advanced in creating ballistic missiles.

APJ Abdul  Kalam Physical Stats & More

APJ Abdul  Kalam F amily, Wife, Siblings and More

He was born into a simple Tamil Muslim family in Rameswaram, a small town in Tamil Nadu, India. His father, Jainulabdeen, owned boats, and his mother, Ashiamma, ran the household. His family was a very religious Muslim, and he grew up in a close-knit and helpful home.

The man who raised him, Jainulabdeen Marakayar, owned a boat and was the imam of a nearby mosque. His mother, Ashiamma, ran a home. His dad ran a ferry service that took Hindu travellers back and forth between Rameswaram and the now-desolate Dhanushkodi. Kalam was the youngest of five children. He had four boys and one sister. His family was wealthy and were Marakayar ranchers and traders who owned many homes and large plots of land.

In a family of five, Kalam was the youngest. He had four older brothers and one older sister. Kalam never got married and spent his whole life devoted to his work, job, and service to the country. He was careful with his money and followed strict rules, always thinking about what he owed the country and its people.

APJ Abdul Kalam Career

After attending the Madras Institute of Technology, Kalam worked at the Aeronautical Development Establishment, part of the Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO). At first, he made a small hovercraft. Vikram Sarabhai, a famous Indian space scientist, was Kalam’s boss on the Indian National Group for Space Research (INCOSPAR) group.

Kalam went to the Langley Research Centre in Hampton, Virginia, the Goddard Space Flight Centre in Greenbelt, Maryland, and the Wallops Flight Facility in 1963 and 1964. The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) hired him in 1969. As project head of India’s first satellite launch vehicle, SLV III, he successfully put the Rohini satellite into orbit around the earth

in July 1980. Kalam worked hard on the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and SLV-III projects from the 1970s to the 1990s. Both of them were successful. In 1974, Raja Ramanna invited Kalam when India did its first nuclear test. In the 1970s, Kalam led two projects, Project Devil and Project Valiant, to use SLV systems to make ballistic missiles. Indira Gandhi, who was Prime Minister at the time, gave these projects secret funds.

Kalam was the Prime Minister’s top scientific adviser from July 1992 to December 1999 and the head of DRDO from December 1999 to the present. His job during the Pokhran II nuclear test in 1999 was to lead the project along with Rajagopala Chidambaram.

In the 2002 election for president, the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) put him forward as India’s leader, and the Samajwadi Party (SP) and the Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) backed him.

Getting 89% of the votes, he beat his opponent, Lakshmi Sahgal, a rebel during the Indian Independence Movement and a former Army officer. Kalam became the 11th President of India on July 25, 2002. When Kalam left his job as president in 2007, he became a visiting professor at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, IIM Ahmedabad, IIM Indore, and other places.

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Awards/Honours

• 1981: Padma Bhushan by the Government of India
• 1990: Padma Vibhushan by the Government of India
• 1997: Bharat Ratna by the Government of India
• 1998: Veer Savarkar Award by the Government of India
• 2007: King Charles II Medal by Royal Society, UK
• 2009: Hoover Medal by ASME Foundation, USA
• 2013: Von Braun Award by National Space Society
• 2014: Doctor of Science by Edinburgh University, UK

APJ Abdul Kalam’s Net Worth

He lived a straightforward life. He had 2,500 books, a wristwatch, a Veena, a CD player, a laptop, six shirts, three suits, four pants, and a pair of shoes. He also owned his family home and a small plot of land next to it in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu.

APJ Abdul Kalam Death

Kalam gave a talk at the Indian Institute of Management in Shillong on July 27, 2015. He felt uneasy while going up the flight’s stairs, but he felt better quickly after taking an hour to rest on the plane. It happened at 6:35 p.m. while he was teaching a class lesson. Someone rushed him to Bethany Hospital, which is not far away. He went to the ICU. But at 7:45 p.m., he took his last breath and died from a heart attack.

Interesting facts

• Kalam became President of India in 2002, taking over from K.R. Narayanan.
• Many people respected APJ Abdul Kalam for being humble and caring about the country’s well-being. He was the first scientist to be President.
• During his time as President, Kalam was known for supporting technology and new ideas and working to improve education, especially in rural areas.
• APJ Abdul Kalam had a lot of ambition. He thought that India could become a developed country by 2020. He wrote many books about India’s growth, such as India 2020: A Vision for the New Millennium. These books motivated a whole group of young people to work hard to make India a developed country.
• APJ Abdul Kalam was also known for being humble and easygoing. He never wanted power or money, and although he did many great things, he stayed grounded.
• People often saw Kalam taking a bike or walking to work. He was known for being easy to reach and friendly.
• In the past, APJ Abdul Kalam said, “I am not a politician; I am a normal Indian citizen.” But as President, it’s my job to encourage and motivate the people of this great country.
• Many young people in India and around the world looked up to Kalam. He thought schooling was essential and told young people to never give up on their dreams.
• Someone once told me, “You must dream before your dreams can come true.”
• Kalam also cared a lot about science and technology and thought India could become a world leader in new ideas.
• Abdul Kalam thought science and technology could help fix some of the world’s most significant issues, like disease, poverty, and food.
• It was for his work in India’s military and space program that Kalam received many awards and honours, including the Bharat Ratna, which is India’s top civilian award, in 1997.
• In 2007, the Royal Society in the UK gave APJ Abdul Kalam the King Charles II Medal. In 2008, the ASME Foundation in the USA gave him the Hoover Medal.

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• APJ Abdul Kalam Biography For School Project, Check History & Career as a Scientist

APJ Abdul Kalam Biography: APJ Abdul Kalam, the "Missile Man of India," was one of the most beloved and respected figures in Indian history.Read more about APJ Abdul Kalam Biography below.

Table of Contents

APJ Abdul Kalam Biography

APJ Abdul Kalam Biography is very essential for students to know about our 11th President of India. APJ Abdul Kalam, also known as the “Missile Man of India,” was one of India’s most adored and revered figures. Kalam, who was born on October 15, 1931, in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, was a scientist, engineer, and politician who was instrumental in the creation of India’s missile and space programmes. APJ Abdul Kalam is well renowned for his humble demeanor, dedication to education and young, and strong love for his nation. Full APJ Abdul Kalam Biography is discussed next part of this article.

A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Childhood and Family

• APJ Abdul Kalam was born to a Tamil Muslim family in the small town of Rameswaram, located on an island off the southeastern coast of India.
• His father, Jainulabdeen, was a boat owner and imam at a local mosque, while his mother, Ashiamma, was a housewife. Kalam was the youngest of four siblings, and his family lived in relative poverty.
• Despite his humble beginnings, APJ Abdul Kalam was a bright student who excelled in mathematics and science. He studied physics at St. Joseph’s College in Tiruchirappalli and graduated in 1954.
• Afterward, he moved to Madras and studied aerospace engineering at the Madras Institute of Technology. In 1958, APJ Abdul Kalam earned a degree in aeronautical engineering and joined the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) as a scientist.

A. P. J. Abdul Kalam History

• Kalam’s career as a scientist began in earnest in 1965 when he joined the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).
• In 1969, APJ Abdul Kalam was transferred to the Defence Research and Development Laboratory (DRDL) in Hyderabad, where he worked on the development of India’s first satellite launch vehicle (SLV-III).
• The SLV-III was a remarkable achievement for India, as it made India the sixth country in the world to have a satellite launch capability.
• Kalam’s biggest achievement, however, came in 1983 when he became the director of the DRDO’s Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP).
• Under his leadership, the programme developed five missile systems, including the Agni, Prithvi, Akash, Nag, and Trishul missiles.
• These missiles were significant for India as they gave the country a credible deterrent against its neighbors, particularly Pakistan and China.
• APJ Abdul Kalam was widely recognized as the “Missile Man of India” for his role in developing these missile systems.
• Kalam’s contributions to Indian science and technology did not end with the missile programme. APJ Abdul Kalam also played a critical role in the development of India’s nuclear program.
• In 1998, India conducted its first nuclear tests under Kalam’s guidance, making India a nuclear power.
• Aside from his scientific achievements, Kalam was also a devoted educator and mentor to young people.
• APJ Abdul Kalam believed that education was the key to unlocking India’s potential and that every child deserved the opportunity to receive an education.
• APJ Abdul Kalam frequently spoke at schools and universities, inspiring students with his words and encouraging them to pursue their dreams. Kalam also authored several books, including his autobiography “Wings of Fire,” which became a bestseller in India.

Political Career of Abdul Kalam

In 2002, APJ Abdul Kalam was elected as the President of India, succeeding K.R. Narayanan. He served as the President for five years, from 2002 to 2007, and was widely regarded as one of India’s most beloved presidents. During his presidency, Kalam focused on issues such as education, healthcare, and rural development. APJ Abdul Kalam frequently traveled across India, meeting with ordinary citizens and listening to their concerns. Kalam was known for his humble demeanor, his unassuming nature, and his deep love for his country.

Biography of APJ Abdul Kalam “The Missile Man of India”

APJ Abdul Kalam, also known as the Missile Man of India , was an inspirational figure who served as the 11th President of India. Born on October 15, 1931, in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, Kalam had a humble beginning and rose to become one of the most respected and admired personalities in India.

APJ Abdul Kalam was the youngest of four siblings and had a difficult childhood. His father was a boat owner and had to work hard to make ends meet. However, Kalam’s parents instilled in him a love for education, and he was a bright student from a young age. He completed his schooling from Schwartz Higher Secondary School and went on to study physics at St. Joseph’s College, Tiruchirappalli. He later completed his aeronautical engineering degree from the Madras Institute of Technology.

APJ Abdul Kalam Career as a Scientist

APJ Abdul Kalam began his career as a scientist in the 1960s in DRDO and worked for India’s civilian space program and military missile development program. APJ Abdul Kalam played a key role in India’s development of ballistic missile technology and was known for his contributions to the design and development of India’s first indigenous satellite launch vehicle, SLV-III.

• Kalam was unconvinced by his decision to work for the DRDO. In 1969, Kalam was assigned to ISRO as the project director for India’s first satellite vehicle launch.
• In July 1980, the satellite vehicle successfully launched the Rohini satellite into near-Earth orbit.
• Between the 1970s and 1990s, Kalam got government LV and SLV projects.
• He oversaw two projects, Project Devil and Project Valiant, which intended to create ballistic missiles using the technology developed by the successful SLV programme.
• Kalam persuaded Indira Gandhi to seek hidden money for these aerospace initiatives. In the 1980s, his studies and vast knowledge garnered him and the country significant honors.
• In 1992, Kalam was appointed as the defense minister’s scientific advisor, a position he held for five years until being promoted to the position of main scientific advisor to the government.
• His pivotal role in the country’s nuclear weapons tests in 1998 cemented India’s status as a nuclear power. Kamal proposed a national plan dubbed Technology Vision 2020, which he described as an excellent method to alter India’s status from developing to developed in 20 years.
• The plan envisioned the nation’s progress through the use of new technology, the expansion of healthcare facilities, and a focus on mass education.

Abdul Kalam Sir as 11th President of India

• Sir Kalam was the genuine 11th President of India. From July 25, 2002 until July 25, 2007, he served as President of the United States.
• Because of his tremendous contributions to the well-being of the people and the country, he was sometimes referred to as the people’s President.
• In a presidential election in 2002, he was elected with a big margin of victory. The nomination of the National Democratic Alliances for President was supported by the Samajwadi Party and the National Congress Party.
• NOTE – According to the English Settlement Act of 1701 in 1701, the “office of profit” means that no one who is a professional setup process under the royal family or who has an agreement with or is receiving a pension from the prince has the ability to work for the “House of Commons.” The royal family will have no influence over administrative conditions as a result of this.
• After saying his goodbyes at the office, he relocated and began his career as a visiting professor at the Indian Institute of Management in Shillong. He taught Aerospace Engineering at Anna University in Tamil Nadu.

Awards Received by APJ Abdul Kalam

In 1992, Kalam became the Chief Scientific Adviser to the Prime Minister of India and also served as the Secretary of the Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO). He was awarded the Padma Bhushan in 1981 and the Padma Vibhushan in 1990 for his contributions to the Indian space program and the military.

APJ Abdul Kalam Biography: Interesting Facts

• Kalam was elected as the President of India in 2002, succeeding K.R. Narayanan.
• APJ Abdul Kalam was the first scientist to hold the position of President and was widely admired for his humble nature and his commitment to the welfare of the nation.
• During his tenure as President, Kalam was known for his efforts to promote education, particularly in rural areas, and for his advocacy of technology and innovation.
• APJ Abdul Kalam was a great visionary and believed that India could become a developed nation by 2020. He wrote several books on India’s development, including India 2020: A Vision for the New Millennium, and inspired a generation of young people to work towards making India a developed nation.
• APJ Abdul Kalam was also known for his humility and simplicity. He never sought power or wealth and remained grounded despite his many achievements.
• Kalam was often seen riding a bicycle or walking to his office and was known for his accessible and friendly nature.
• APJ Abdul Kalam once said, “I am not a politician, I am an ordinary citizen of India. But as President, I have a responsibility to inspire and motivate the people of this great nation.”
• Kalam was a role model for many young people in India and around the world. He believed in the power of education and urged young people to pursue their dreams and never give up.
• APJ Abdul Kalam once said, “You have to dream before your dreams can come true.”
• Kalam was also a great advocate of science and technology and believed that India could become a global leader in innovation.
• APJ Abdul Kalam believed that science and technology could be used to solve some of the world’s biggest problems, including poverty, hunger, and disease.
• Kalam’s contributions to India’s space program and military were recognized with numerous awards and honors, including the Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian award, in 1997.
• APJ Abdul Kalam was also awarded the King Charles II Medal by the Royal Society, UK, in 2007, and the Hoover Medal by the ASME Foundation, USA, in 2008.

APJ Abdul Kalam Biography for School Project

Early Life and Education: A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, known as the “Missile Man of India,” was born on October 15, 1931, in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu. His full name was Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam. He came from a modest background, with his father, Jainulabdeen, being a boat owner, and his mother, Ashiamma, a housewife. Despite financial challenges, Kalam was a bright student, showing an early fascination with science and technology.

Kalam’s educational journey began at Schwartz Higher Secondary School in Ramanathapuram. He later attended St. Joseph’s College, Tiruchirappalli, where he graduated in physics in 1954. Driven by his passion for aerospace engineering, he enrolled at the Madras Institute of Technology (MIT). His dedication and hard work at MIT were evident, setting the foundation for his illustrious career.

Career in Science and Technology: After graduating from MIT in 1960, Kalam joined the Aeronautical Development Establishment of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). His career took a significant turn when he moved to the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) in 1969. At ISRO, Kalam played a crucial role in the development of India’s first satellite launch vehicle, the SLV-III, which successfully deployed the Rohini satellite in orbit in 1980. This achievement marked India’s entry into the space club.

Kalam’s work in the field of rocketry earned him the nickname “Missile Man of India.” He was pivotal in the development of ballistic missile technology, including the Agni and Prithvi missiles. His contributions were not limited to missile development; he also played a key role in India’s nuclear tests at Pokhran in 1998, which established India as a nuclear power.

Presidency and Later Life: In 2002, Kalam’s immense popularity and vision for India’s future led to his election as the 11th President of India. Known as the “People’s President,” he served from 2002 to 2007. During his presidency, Kalam emphasized the importance of education, youth empowerment, and rural development. He traveled extensively across the country, inspiring millions with his speeches and connecting with people, especially the youth.

After his presidency, Kalam continued to engage with the public as an educator and author. He was a visiting professor at several prestigious institutions, including the Indian Institute of Management (IIM) Shillong, IIM Ahmedabad, and IIM Indore. His books, such as “Wings of Fire,” “Ignited Minds,” and “India 2020,” are widely read and reflect his vision for India’s development.

Legacy and Impact: Dr. Kalam passed away on July 27, 2015, while delivering a lecture at IIM Shillong, doing what he loved most—interacting with students. His death was mourned across India, and he was accorded a state funeral.

A.P.J. Abdul Kalam’s life is a testament to the power of hard work, perseverance, and a passion for learning. He inspired a generation to dream big and work towards making those dreams a reality. His vision for India as a developed nation continues to guide and inspire policymakers, scientists, and young people.

Kalam’s legacy lives on through the numerous educational and scientific initiatives that bear his name and the countless lives he touched through his work and words. His humility, dedication, and visionary outlook make him a beloved figure in Indian history and a role model for generations to come.

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Who was APJ Abdul Kalam?

APJ Abdul Kalam was an Indian scientist, politician, and writer who served as the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007. He was born on October 15, 1931, in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, and was known as the "Missile Man of India" for his work on the development of ballistic missile technology.

What were APJ Abdul Kalam's major accomplishments?

APJ Abdul Kalam made significant contributions to India's missile development program, including the development of the Agni and Prithvi missiles. He also played a key role in the nuclear tests conducted in Pokhran in 1998. In addition, Kalam was a noted writer and authored several books, including his autobiography "Wings of Fire."

What was APJ Abdul Kalam's philosophy on education?

APJ Abdul Kalam was a strong proponent of education and believed that it was the key to India's development. He emphasized the need for a holistic approach to education that focused on the development of both the mind and the body. Kalam also believed in the importance of innovation and creativity in education.

What was APJ Abdul Kalam's legacy?

APJ Abdul Kalam is remembered as a visionary leader who inspired millions of people with his message of hope, hard work, and perseverance. He was a humble and down-to-earth person who remained committed to his ideals throughout his life. Kalam's legacy continues to inspire people in India and around the world, particularly in the fields of science and technology, education, and public service.

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Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Biography, Birth, Full Name, Awards, Death

Know about the inspiring life of Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam, renowned as the Missile Man of India. Learn about his early life, education, presidency, contributions to science, and his legacy. Download the biography in PDF.

Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam was the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007. He was born on May 15, 1931, in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, and studied physics and aeronautical engineering. In 2002, he became India’s President After his term as President, Abdul Kalam went back to teaching, writing, and helping the public

Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam, was an extraordinary scientist, visionary leader, and one of India’s most beloved personalities.Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam had a fascinating journey. He started by contributing to India’s space and missile programs and later became the President of India. Dr. Abdul Kalam’s life journey serves as an inspiration to millions around the globe. In this article, we will see the biography of APJ Abdul Kalam Azad.

Dr APJ Abdul Kalam-  A Brief Introduction

Here is a brief introduction about the Dr APJ Abdul Kalam;

He hailed from a simple family and faced numerous challenges in his early life. However, he had a strong desire for knowledge and an insatiable curiosity about science and technology.

APJ Abdul Kalam Biography

Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam, India’s beloved former President and eminent scientist, was born on October 15, 1931, in the island town of Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, India. His birthday often celebrated as Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Jayanti people and especially students remember him and his contribution on the Abdul Kalam birthday.

APJ Abdul Kalam- Early life of APJ Abdul Kalam

Dr Abdul Kalam was born into a humble Tamil Muslim family in the temple city of Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu. His father, Jainulabdeen, was a boat owner and also served as an imam in a local mosque.  In APJ Abdul Kalam family His mother, Ashiamma, took care of the household. Among his siblings, Kalam was the youngest, with four brothers and one sister. 

APJ Abdul Kalam with his mother House of Abdul Kalam in Rameshwaram

APJ Abdul Kalam childhood was not happy as other child had despite having ancestors who were once wealthy traders and landowners, Kalam’s family faced financial difficulties. The opening of the Pamban Bridge led to significant losses in their business of ferrying pilgrims and trading groceries. Consequently, Kalam’s family struggled to make ends meet, and at a young age, he had to sell newspapers to help support them.

APJ Abdul Kalam Education

• Young Abdul Kalam had average grades in school, he was very hard working and had an immense desire to learn. He finished his secondary studies at Ramanathapuram’s Schwartz Secondary School.  
• In 1955, he graduated from Saint Joseph’s College in Tiruchirappalli with a diploma in physics. Later, he continued his education in Madras, got a diploma in aircraft engineering from the Madras Institute of Engineering. He aspired to become a military pilot but at the time he applied to the Indian Air Force (IAF) he was not selected because there were only eight slots available in the Indian Air Force, and he ended up being ninth in line.

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APJ Abdul Kalam- As a Scientist in DRDO

After graduation, he worked as a scientist for both the Defense Research Service in defense research and development organization (DRDO) in 1958 and later the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). He played a crucial role in India’s missile development program, making significant contributions to the development of ballistic missiles. He became known as the “Missile Man of India” for his significant contributions to India’s defense capabilities, particularly his work on the development of ballistic missiles like Agni and Prithvi.

Dr Abdul Kalam Biography As a Scientist in ISRO

In 1969, he moved to ISRO, where he served as the project director for India’s first satellite vehicle launch. The launch successfully placed the Rohini satellite into orbit around the Earth in July 1980.

Between the 1970s and 90s, Abdul Kalam played a crucial role in government projects, including LV and SLV. He led projects known as Project Devil and Project Valiant , aiming to develop ballistic missiles using technology from the successful SLV program. 

Kalam successfully persuaded Indira Gandhi to allocate secret funds for these aerospace projects. His expertise and research during the 1980s earned both him and the nation significant acclaim.

APJ Abdul Kalam As a Chief Executive in Integrated missile Development Programme (IGMDP)

In the early 1980s, a program called the Integrated Missile Development Programme (IGMDP) began in India. It was managed by the Ministry of Defence and run by DRDO, along with other government groups. In 1983, Kalam was asked to lead this program.

The IGMDP had strong political support and aimed to work on four projects at the same time:

• Prithvi: A short-range surface-to-surface missile.
• Trishul: A short-range low-level guided missile.
• Akash: A medium-range guided missile.
• Nag: A third-generation anti-tank missile.

Dr Abdul Kalam did a great job leading IGMDP. They successfully created different missiles, including the main Prithvi missile in 1988 and the Agni missile in 1989. Because of his success in leading IGMDP, A.P.J. Abdul Kalam earned the nickname “Missile Man.”

APJ Abdul Kalam As a Scientific Advisor

• In 1990: APJ Abdul Kalam became the Scientific Adviser to the Defense Minister.
• In 1992: Abdul Kalam served as the Chief Scientific Adviser to the Prime Minister and Secretary of the Defence Research and Development Organisation from July 1992 to December 1999. 

In the late 1990s, he played a big role in the Pokhran-II, where India did five nuclear bomb tests in May 1998. After these successful tests, Kalam became a hero in the country, and the Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee said India is now a full-fledged nuclear state .

APJ Abdul Kalam As a President

In 2002, Dr. Kalam’s remarkable journey reached its zenith when he was elected as the President of India, the highest office in the country. His presidency was marked by his commitment to empowering the underprivileged and engaging with the youth of the nation. 

APJ Abdul Kalam served as the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007. His presidency was characterized by a profound commitment to the welfare of the nation and a deep connection with the people. Kalam’s journey from being a renowned scientist to becoming the nation’s first citizen was a testament to his exceptional intellect, humility, and dedication.

During his term as President, Kalam was affectionately referred to as the “People’s President” due to his approachable and down-to-earth demeanor. He actively engaged with citizens, especially the youth, encouraging them to dream big and contribute to the development of the nation.

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Dr Abdul Kalam Role as President

APJ Abdul Kalam demonstrated his boldness and courage on this designation. One of his most courageous acts as a president was signing the “office of profit”.

• Under the English Settlement Act of 1701 in 1701, the “office of profit” indicates that no individual who is a professional setup process underneath the royal family or who has any arrangement with or is receiving a pension from the prince does have the ability to work for the “House of Commons.” This will give the royal family no influence on administrative conditions.

APJ Abdul Kalam- Award and Achievements

Throughout his career, Abdul Kalam received numerous awards and honors, including the Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian award, for his outstanding contributions to science and technology. Some of his Awards and Achievements are:

Dr APJ Abdul Kalam- After President Tenure

Even after his tenure as President, Dr. Kalam remained an influential figure, dedicating his time to mentoring students and encouraging scientific research. He believed in the power of innovation and technology as catalysts for societal transformation. Kalam’s contributions extended beyond national boundaries, as he actively engaged in global initiatives, promoting peace, sustainable development, and international cooperation.

APJ Abdul Kalam Biography: Books Written by APJ Abdul Kalam

Dr APJ Abdul Kalam wrote numerous books and essay some of them are as follow:

• Wings of Fire
• India 2020 
• Ignited Minds
• Naa Jeevana Gamanam
• Turning Points: A Journey Across Difficulties
• Indominate Spirits
• You Are Born To Blossom

APJ Abdul Kalam Death

Tragically, on July 27, 2015, Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam passed away while delivering a lecture at the Indian Institute of Management, Shillong. His sudden demise was mourned by millions worldwide, and his loss was deeply felt by the entire nation. However, his legacy lives on, inspiring generations to dream big, work hard, and contribute to the progress of society. This day is remembered as Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Death Anniversary.

Abdul Kalam Azad Legacy

APJ Abdul Kalam’s life and achievements serve as a testament to the limitless possibilities that lie within each individual. From a modest background to becoming a revered statesman, his journey reminds us that determination, knowledge, and integrity can transcend barriers and create a lasting impact. Dr. Kalam’s vision for a developed India, his love for education, and his unwavering commitment to the nation continue to inspire and guide us, urging us to strive for excellence and work towards a brighter future.

APJ Abdul Kalam as An Inspiration

Beyond his scientific accomplishments, Dr. Abdul Kalam possessed a deep sense of responsibility toward society, particularly the youth. He firmly believed that the progress and development of a nation are directly linked to the strength of its youth. 

Abdul Kalam ardently advocated for investing in education, nurturing scientific temper, and fostering an entrepreneurial spirit among the youth. He traveled extensively, delivering lectures and inspiring students across the country, emphasizing the importance of education, hard work, and moral values.

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A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Biography For Students and Children

4to40.com July 26, 2024 Biographies for Kids 14,933 Views

A. P. J. Abdul Kalam – Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam (born 15 October, 1931 – died 27 July, 2015) is an Indian scientist and administrator who served as the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007. Kalam was born and raised in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, studied physics at the St. Joseph’s College, Tiruchirappalli, and aerospace engineering at the Madras Institute of Technology, Chennai .

A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Biography

Before his term as President, he worked as an Aerospace engineer with Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Kalam is popularly known as the Missile Man of India for his work on the development of ballistic missile and launch vehicle technology. He played a pivotal organisational, technical and political role in India’s Pokhran-II nuclear tests in 1998, the first since the original nuclear test by India in 1974.

Kalam advocated plans to develop India into a developed nation by 2020 in his book India 2020. He has received several prestigious awards, including the Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian honour. Kalam is known for his motivational speeches and interaction with the student community in India. He launched his mission for the youth of the nation in 2011 called the What Can I Give Movement with a central theme to defeat corruption in India.

Early Life and Education:

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born on 15 October 1931 in a Tamil Muslim family to Jainulabudeen, a boat owner and Ashiamma, a housewife, at Rameswaram, Ramanathapuram District, located in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. He came from a poor background and started working at an early age to supplement his family’s income. After completing school, Kalam distributed newspapers to financially contribute to his father’s income. In his school years, he had average grades, but was described as a bright and hardworking student who had a strong desire to learn and spend hours on his studies, especially mathematics. He was just a simple man with a great fierceful heart in his childhood. After completing his school education at the Ramanathapuram Schwartz Matriculation School, Kalam went on to attend Saint Joseph’s College, Tiruchirappalli, then affiliated with the University of Madras, from where he graduated in physics in 1954. Towards the end of the course, he was not enthusiastic about the subject and would later regret the four years he studied it. He then moved to Madras in 1955 to study aerospace engineering. While Kalam was working on a senior class project, the Dean was dissatisfied with the lack of progress and threatened revoking his scholarship unless the project was finished within the next three days. He worked tirelessly on his project and met the deadline, impressing the Dean who later said, “I [Dean] was putting you [Kalam] under stress and asking you to meet a difficult deadline”. He narrowly missed achieving his dream of becoming a fighter pilot, as he placed ninth in qualifiers, and only eight positions were available in the IAF.

A. P. J. Abdul Kalam: Career as a scientist

After graduating from the Madras Institute of Technology in 1960, Kalam joined the Aeronautical Development Establishment of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (by Press Information Bureau, Government of India) as a scientist after becoming a member of the Defence Research & Development Service (DRDS). He started his career by designing a small hovercraft, but remained unconvinced by his choice of a job at DRDO.Kalam was also part of the INCOSPAR committee working under Vikram Sarabhai, the renowned space scientist.In 1969, Kalam was transferred to the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) where he was the project director of India’s first Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-III) which successfully deployed the Rohini satellite in near-earth orbit in July 1980; Kalam had first started work on an expandable rocket project independently at DRDO in 1965.In 1969, Kalam received the government’s approval and expanded the programme to include more engineers.

In 1963 to 1964, he visited NASA’s Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia; Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland; and Wallops Flight Facility.Between the 1970s and 1990s, Kalam made an effort to develop the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and SLV-III projects, both of which proved to be successful.

Kalam was invited by Raja Ramanna to witness the country’s first nuclear test Smiling Buddha as the representative of TBRL, even though he had not participated in its development. In the 1970s, Kalam also directed two projects, Project Devil and Project Valiant, which sought to develop ballistic missiles from the technology of the successful SLV programme. Despite the disapproval of the Union Cabinet, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi allotted secret funds for these aerospace projects through her discretionary powers under Kalam’s directorship. Kalam played an integral role convincing the Union Cabinet to conceal the true nature of these classified aerospace projects.His research and educational leadership brought him great laurels and prestige in the 1980s, which prompted the government to initiate an advanced missile programme under his directorship. Kalam and Dr V S Arunachalam, metallurgist and scientific adviser to the Defence Minister, worked on the suggestion by the then Defence Minister, R. Venkataraman on a proposal for simultaneous development of a quiver of missiles instead of taking planned missiles one after another. R Venkatraman was instrumental in getting the cabinet approval for allocating ₹ 3.88 billion for the mission, named Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP) and appointed Kalam as the chief executive. Kalam played a major part in developing many missiles under the mission including Agni, an intermediate range ballistic missile and Prithvi, the tactical surface-to-surface missile, although the projects have been criticized for mismanagement and cost and time overruns.

A. P. J. Abdul Kalam served as the Chief Scientific Adviser to the Prime Minister and Secretary of the Defence Research and Development Organisation from July 1992 to December 1999. The Pokhran-II nuclear tests were conducted during this period in which he played an intensive political and technological role. Kalam served as the Chief Project Coordinator, along with Rajagopala Chidambaram, during the testing phase. Media coverage of Kalam during this period made him the country’s best known nuclear scientist.

In 1998, along with cardiologist Soma Raju, Kalam developed a low cost coronary stent, named the “Kalam-Raju Stent”. In 2012, the duo designed a rugged tablet computer for health care in rural areas, which was named the “Kalam-Raju Tablet”.

Presidency:

Kalam served as the 11th President of India , succeeding K. R. Narayanan. He won the 2002 presidential election with an electoral vote of 922,884, surpassing the 107,366 votes won by Lakshmi Sahgal. His term lasted from 25 July 2002 to 25 July 2007. During his term as president, he was affectionately known as the People’s President.

On 27 July 2015, Kalam travelled to Shillong to deliver a lecture on “Creating a Livable Planet Earth” at the Indian Institute of Management Shillong. While climbing a flight of stairs, he experienced some discomfort, but was able to enter the auditorium after a brief rest. At around 6:35 p.m. IST, only five minutes into his lecture, he collapsed. He was rushed to the nearby Bethany Hospital in a critical condition; upon arrival, he lacked a pulse or any other signs of life. Despite being placed in the intensive care unit, Kalam was confirmed dead of a sudden cardiac arrest at 7:45 p.m IST.

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