comparative research design presentation

Causal-Comparative Research Designs

Sep 05, 2014

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Causal-Comparative Research Designs. Causal-Comparative Research Method. The Study of Relationships between Variables Educational research is done to DESCRIBE educational phenomena or to EXPLORE relationships between phenomena

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• causal comparative study
• causal comparative research designs

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Causal-Comparative Research Method • The Study of Relationships between Variables • Educational research is done to DESCRIBE educational phenomena or to EXPLORE relationships between phenomena • The type of relationship of greatest interest to educators is that involving cause and effect • The discovery of cause-and-effect relationships is useful both for theory development and for educational improvement

Causal-Comparative Research Method • The Study of Relationships between Variables • Causal-comparative method is the simplest quantitative approach to exploring cause-and-effect relationships between phenomena • It involves a particular method of analyzing data to detect relationships between variables • The correlational method is another approach to achieve the same goal

Causal-Comparative Research Method • Advantages • AKA “ex post facto research” – causes are studied after they presumably have exerted their effect on another variable (e.g., administer a questionnaire to study the causes of high academic achievement) • Allows us to study cause-and-effect relationships under conditions where experimental manipulation is difficult or impossible • Many relationships can be studied in a single research study (refer to table 10.1)

Causal-Comparative Research Method • Disadvantages • Difficult to establish causality on the basis of the data collected • An observed relationship between variables A and B can mean that A causes B, B causes B, or a third variable C causes both A and B

Causal-Comparative Research Method Table 10.1 Academic Achievement and Extracurricular Participation of Employed and Nonemployed Students

Planning a Causal-Comparative Study • Statement of the Research Problem • Selecting a Defined Group • Selecting Comparison Groups • Data Collection • Data Analysis

Statement of the Research Problem • Speculate about the causes or effects of the phenomenon that interest you (i.e., based on previous research findings and theory, as well as your own observations of the phenomenon • After possible causes and effects have been identified, they should be incorporated into the statement of the research problem • Researcher should attempt to state and test alternative hypotheses about other factors that might explain observed differences between two groups • “Strong inference” vs. “shotgun approach”

Selecting a Defined Group • Define the group that possesses the characteristics one wishes to study • The definition should be precise so that the results of the study can be interpreted meaningfully

Selecting a Comparison Group • Once you have selected a group having the characteristic you wish to study, the next step is to select a group NOT having this characteristic, or having it to a lesser degree • The population from which the comparison sample is to be selected usually is defined so as to be similar to the characteristic-present group except for the variable being studied • Matching: used to equate two groups on one or more extraneous variable so that these extraneous variables do not confound study of causal relationships involving the variables of primary interest to the researcher • Extreme-groups method: involves selecting comparison groups that are at the two extremes of a score distribution on one variable

Data Collection • Standardized tests • Questionnaires • Interviews • Naturalistic observations

Data Analysis • Compute descriptive statistics for each comparison group in the study (e.g., group mean, stand deviation) • Conduct a test of statistical significance (choice of test depends research questions; t-test, ANOVA; MANOVA)

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Comparative Research

Ai generator.

Although not everyone would agree, comparing is not always bad. Comparing things can also give you a handful of benefits. For instance, there are times in our life where we feel lost. You may not be getting the job that you want or have the sexy body that you have been aiming for a long time now. Then, you happen to cross path with an old friend of yours, who happened to get the job that you always wanted. This scenario may put your self-esteem down, knowing that this friend got what you want, while you didn’t. Or you can choose to look at your friend as an example that your desire is actually attainable. Come up with a plan to achieve your  personal development goal . Perhaps, ask for tips from this person or from the people who inspire you. According to the article posted in  brit.co , licensed master social worker and therapist Kimberly Hershenson said that comparing yourself to someone successful can be an excellent self-motivation to work on your goals.

Aside from self-improvement, as a researcher, you should know that comparison is an essential method in scientific studies, such as experimental research and descriptive research . Through this method, you can uncover the relationship between two or more variables of your project in the form of comparative analysis .

What is Comparative Research?

Aiming to compare two or more variables of an experiment project, experts usually apply comparative research examples in social sciences to compare countries and cultures across a particular area or the entire world. Despite its proven effectiveness, you should keep it in mind that some states have different disciplines in sharing data. Thus, it would help if you consider the affecting factors in gathering specific information.

Quantitative and Qualitative Research Methods in Comparative Studies

In comparing variables, the statistical and mathematical data collection, and analysis that quantitative research methodology naturally uses to uncover the correlational connection of the variables, can be essential. Additionally, since quantitative research requires a specific research question, this method can help you can quickly come up with one particular comparative research question.

The goal of comparative research is drawing a solution out of the similarities and differences between the focused variables. Through non-experimental or qualitative research , you can include this type of research method in your comparative research design.

13+ Comparative Research Examples

Know more about comparative research by going over the following examples. You can download these zipped documents in PDF and MS Word formats.

1. Comparative Research Report Template

• Google Docs

Size: 113 KB

2. Business Comparative Research Template

Size: 69 KB

3. Comparative Market Research Template

Size: 172 KB

4. Comparative Research Strategies Example

5. Comparative Research in Anthropology Example

Size: 192 KB

6. Sample Comparative Research Example

Size: 516 KB

7. Comparative Area Research Example

8. Comparative Research on Women’s Emplyment Example

Size: 290 KB

9. Basic Comparative Research Example

Size: 19 KB

10. Comparative Research in Medical Treatments Example

11. Comparative Research in Education Example

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12. Formal Comparative Research Example

Size: 244 KB

13. Comparative Research Designs Example

Size: 259 KB

14. Casual Comparative Research in DOC

Best Practices in Writing an Essay for Comparative Research in Visual Arts

If you are going to write an essay for a comparative research examples paper, this section is for you. You must know that there are inevitable mistakes that students do in essay writing . To avoid those mistakes, follow the following pointers.

1. Compare the Artworks Not the Artists

One of the mistakes that students do when writing a comparative essay is comparing the artists instead of artworks. Unless your instructor asked you to write a biographical essay, focus your writing on the works of the artists that you choose.

2. Consult to Your Instructor

There is broad coverage of information that you can find on the internet for your project. Some students, however, prefer choosing the images randomly. In doing so, you may not create a successful comparative study. Therefore, we recommend you to discuss your selections with your teacher.

3. Avoid Redundancy

It is common for the students to repeat the ideas that they have listed in the comparison part. Keep it in mind that the spaces for this activity have limitations. Thus, it is crucial to reserve each space for more thoroughly debated ideas.

4. Be Minimal

Unless instructed, it would be practical if you only include a few items(artworks). In this way, you can focus on developing well-argued information for your study.

5. Master the Assessment Method and the Goals of the Project

We get it. You are doing this project because your instructor told you so. However, you can make your study more valuable by understanding the goals of doing the project. Know how you can apply this new learning. You should also know the criteria that your teachers use to assess your output. It will give you a chance to maximize the grade that you can get from this project.

Comparing things is one way to know what to improve in various aspects. Whether you are aiming to attain a personal goal or attempting to find a solution to a certain task, you can accomplish it by knowing how to conduct a comparative study. Use this content as a tool to expand your knowledge about this research methodology .

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Causal-Comparative Research Designs

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Educational Research: Causal-Comparative Studies

Figure 3.1. Relationship of Research Design to the Previous Chapters and the Marketing Research Process Figure 3.1Relationship to the Previous Chapter.

© LOUIS COHEN, LAWRENCE MANION & KEITH MORRISON

Chapter 2: Nonexperimental Research Approaches This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited.

Unit 2: Research Methods in Psychology

Causal-Comparative Research

Experimental Methods What is an experiment? Manipulation of one or more variables by the experimenter to determine the effect of this manipulation on another.

Chapter 1 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al Chapter 1 Nature and Purpose of Research.

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6-1 Chapter Six DESIGN STRATEGIES. 6-2 What is Research Design? A plan for selecting the sources and types of information used to answer research questions.

Correlational and Causal Comparative Research

DESIGNING, CONDUCTING, ANALYZING & INTERPRETING DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH CHAPTERS 7 & 11 Kristina Feldner.

Experimental vs. Causal-Comparative Studies Topic 3.

McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Causal-Comparative Research Chapter Sixteen.

The Research Design.

Chapter 8 Experimental Research

Chapter Three Chapter Three.

Research Methods Purpose: To Reach a Specific Goal Describe a phenomenon Predict future or past behavior Control current or future behavior and thinking.

Chapter 2: The Research Enterprise in Psychology

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