literature of uttarakhand essay

THE LITERARY MIRROR

Uttarakhand Folk Literature and Youth

“The Kumaon of Uttarakhand attracts the lyrical genre of folk literature. Historically it is also believed that scriptures and Vedas were composed in Uttarakhand and the epic ‘Mahabharata’ was written. ‘Rishikesh’ Is widely considered the yoga capital of the world.”

By Vikash Saxena, India

Literature which is called the mirror of society. Literature spreads the mold of transparency in the society and the sentiments that create confusion. Uttarakhand region has contributed to the language and definition of India since time immemorial. The literature nurtures a person’s personality, leads him to the right path. Uttarakhand which is also called ‘T he Land Of Gods’ . There is a close connection between the youth and literature of Uttarakhand. The mountains, rivers, valleys, etc. combined with literature, form the basis of a new positive and energetic thinking, that is, there is a different trend towards literature in Uttarakhand. In the city of Gods, the mind bathes in holy water and gives birth to a new creation. This is the result of cleanliness and natural love. Uttarakhand has many schools, colleges at primary and higher levels. Where as per rules the youth is made interesting towards literature.

Literature is presented to the youth in a very creative form.Folk literature is well accepted in Indian literature. Folk literature is that age-old literature, which is naturally derived from tradition. Which does not have one author, whom the whole world considers to be its own. Folk literature is oral literature. This type of oral literature is very popular in Uttarakhand as a folk tale. This literature is actually mass literature. In which direct experiences of life experiences and beliefs are found.

It is generally divided into three classes – poetry, champu (prose-verse) and prose. The nature, distortion and culture of the folk are openly reflected in the folk tales predominantly popular in prose genres.In ancient times there were no means of entertainment. The folk singers used to narrate folk songs to the villagers throughout the night. Malsai, Ramail, Jagar etc. are popular in this. Even in the present day folk songs are heard in the night wake. Loktokis, idioms and riddles (anan) are still in vogue in Uttarakhand’s folk literature.

At present, young Uttarakhand is keen on literature. Young writers, poets etc. are emerging. Along with the national language Hindi, youth are also creating literature in Kumaoni and Garhwali, literary workshops and competitions are being organized at university and college level. Due to which the younger generation is serving literature at national and international level.

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Shaping Historical, Regional and Cultural Consciousness: A study of Oral traditions and Folklore of Uttarakhand

2022, Young Researchers' Conference on Indian Literature organzied by Department of Languages, Presidency University, Bengaluru

Situated in the north-Indian Himalayan region and popularly known as the Land of Gods, Uttarakhand has a rich cultural history and heritage. Himalayan communities are known for their rich oral traditions that persist exceptionally lively in rural and urban contexts. The oral narratives of Uttarakhand that include folktales, fairytales, legends, proverbs, and mythologies provide a deep understanding of the history and culture of the state. From time immemorial oral traditions have passed on from generation to generation, and it continues to do so to transmit custom, culture and philosophy of life of Uttarakhand. This not only gives meaning to native people's life and their belief system but also provide a cultural identity to them. The present paper critically analyses oral and folklore tradition of Uttarakhand to understand how these narratives apart from establishing a popular source of history, infuse a sense of belongingness among the natives and contributes to shaping their cultural consciousness.

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Essay on Uttarakhand

Students are often asked to write an essay on Uttarakhand in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Uttarakhand

Introduction.

Uttarakhand, often referred to as ‘Devbhumi’ or ‘Land of the Gods’, is a beautiful state in northern India. It’s known for its natural beauty, sacred Hindu temples, and captivating hill stations.

Uttarakhand is bordered by Tibet to the north, and Nepal to the east. The state is divided into two divisions: Garhwal and Kumaon, with 13 districts in total.

The culture of Uttarakhand is rich and diverse. Folk dances like Garhwali and Kumaoni are popular. The cuisine is nutritious and unique, featuring dishes like Aloo ke Gutke.

Uttarakhand is a major tourist destination, boasting attractions like the Valley of Flowers, Nainital, and the Char Dham pilgrimage.

250 Words Essay on Uttarakhand

Uttarakhand, often referred to as ‘Devbhoomi’ or ‘Land of the Gods,’ is a state in northern India renowned for its diverse geography and rich cultural heritage. Nestled in the lap of the Himalayas, this region is characterized by its pristine natural beauty, vibrant traditions, and spiritual significance.

Geographical Diversity

Uttarakhand’s geographical diversity is striking, with its terrain ranging from high-peak Himalayan mountains to fertile plains. The state is divided into two distinct regions: Garhwal and Kumaon. The former is known for its rugged topography and sacred pilgrimage sites, while the latter boasts lush valleys and picturesque hill stations.

Cultural Richness

Uttarakhand is a cultural melting pot, home to various ethnic groups, each with their unique traditions and languages. The state’s cultural richness is reflected in its music, dance, cuisine, and festivals. The famous Chipko movement, a non-violent resistance to deforestation, also originated from here, demonstrating the locals’ deep-rooted respect for nature.

Spiritual Significance

Uttarakhand holds immense spiritual significance for Hindus. It houses the Char Dham – four sacred shrines of Yamunotri, Gangotri, Kedarnath, and Badrinath. These sites attract millions of pilgrims annually, contributing significantly to the state’s economy.

Uttarakhand’s unique blend of natural beauty, cultural richness, and spiritual heritage makes it a fascinating study. As we continue to explore and understand this state, we uncover the myriad ways in which human cultures interact with and shape their natural environments. Despite the challenges posed by geographical constraints and environmental concerns, Uttarakhand continues to thrive, embodying resilience and diversity in the face of adversity.

500 Words Essay on Uttarakhand

Uttarakhand, often referred to as the ‘Land of the Gods’, is a state in the northern part of India. It is renowned for its scenic beauty, religious significance, and rich cultural heritage. The state is nestled in the lap of the Himalayas, and it is this geographic location that lends Uttarakhand its unique charm and allure.

Geographical Significance

Uttarakhand is divided into two regions: Garhwal and Kumaon. Both regions are blessed with stunning landscapes, encompassing snow-capped peaks, lush green valleys, serene lakes, and vibrant wildlife. The state is home to several prominent peaks of the Himalayas, including Nanda Devi, Trisul, and Kedarnath. The rivers Ganga and Yamuna, considered sacred in Hinduism, originate from the glaciers of Uttarakhand.

Ecological Importance

Uttarakhand is an ecological paradise with a rich diversity of flora and fauna. The state houses several national parks and wildlife sanctuaries, including the Jim Corbett National Park, the oldest national park in India, and the Valley of Flowers, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. These protected areas play a crucial role in conserving the region’s biodiversity and promoting eco-tourism.

Cultural Heritage

The cultural heritage of Uttarakhand is as diverse and vibrant as its landscapes. The state is known for its unique music, dance forms, art, and handicrafts. It is also the birthplace of the Chipko Movement, a significant ecological movement in India’s history that emphasized the importance of forest conservation.

Religious Significance

Economic aspects.

Tourism is a major contributor to Uttarakhand’s economy. The state’s natural beauty, wildlife, and religious sites attract tourists from across the globe. Agriculture also plays a vital role in the state’s economy, with the majority of the population engaged in farming. In recent years, the state has seen significant growth in industries such as pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, and information technology.

Uttarakhand, with its rich cultural heritage, stunning landscapes, and religious significance, offers a unique blend of natural beauty and spiritual solace. The state’s commitment to preserving its biodiversity and promoting sustainable tourism is commendable. Uttarakhand, indeed, is a microcosm of India’s incredible diversity and cultural richness.

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Uttarakhand , state of India , located in the northwestern part of the country. It is bordered to the northwest by the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh , to the northeast by the Tibet Autonomous Region of China , to the southeast by Nepal , and to the south and southwest by the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh . Its capital is the northwestern city of Dehra Dun .

On November 9, 2000, the state of Uttaranchal—the 27th state of India—was carved out of Uttar Pradesh, and in January 2007 the new state changed its name to Uttarakhand, meaning “northern region,” which was the traditional name for the area. Area 19,739 square miles (51,125 square km). Pop. (2011) 10,116,752.

Uttarakhand has a highly varied topography , with snow-covered peaks, glaciers, deep canyons, roaring streams, beautiful lakes, and a few patches of dusty plains in the south. Some of the highest mountains in the world are found in Uttarakhand. Most notably, these include Nanda Devi (25,646 feet [7,817 metres]), which is the second highest peak in India, Kamet (25,446 feet [7,756 metres]), and Badrinath (23,420 feet [7,138 metres]).

Uttarakhand can be divided into several physiographic zones, all running parallel to each other from northwest to southeast. The northern zone, popularly known as the Himadri, contains segments of the Zaskar and the Great Himalaya ranges, with elevations ranging roughly from 10,000 to 25,000 feet (3,000 to 7,600 metres). Most of the major peaks are located in this zone. Adjacent to and south of the Great Himalayas is a zone containing the Lesser Himalayas , known popularly as the Himachal, with elevations between about 6,500 and 10,000 feet (2,000 to 3,000 metres); the zone has two linear ranges—the Mussoorie and the Nag Tibba. To the south of the Himachal is a stretch of the Siwalik Range . The entire area containing the Himadri, the Himachal, and the Siwaliks is broadly known as the Kumaun Himalayas . The southern edge of the Siwalik Range merges with a narrow bed of gravel and alluvium known as the Bhabar, which interfaces to the southeast with the marshy terrain known as the Tarai . The combined Siwalik-Bhabar-Tarai area ranges in elevation from 1,000 to 10,000 feet (300 to 3,000 metres). South of the Siwaliks are found flat-floored depressions, known locally as dun s, such as the Dehra Dun .

The state is drained by various rivers of the Ganges (Ganga) system. The westernmost watershed is formed by the Yamuna River and its major tributary, the Tons. The land to the east of this basin is drained by the Bhagirathi and the Alaknanda—which join to form the Ganges at the town of Devaprayag—and the Mandakini, Pindar, and Dhauliganga, all principal tributaries of the Alaknanda. To the east again are the southward-flowing Ramganga and Kosi rivers, and draining to the southeast in the same region are the Sarju and Goriganga, both of which join the Kali at Uttarakhand’s eastern border with Nepal .

Uttarakhand has various types of soil, all of which are susceptible to soil erosion. In the north, the soil ranges from gravel (debris from glaciers) to stiff clay. Brown forest soil—often shallow, gravelly, and rich in organic content—is found farther to the south. The Bhabar area is characterized by soils that are coarse-textured, sandy to gravelly, highly porous, and largely infertile. In the extreme southeastern part of the state, the Tarai soils are mostly rich, clayey loams, mixed to varying degrees with fine sand and humus; they are well suited to the cultivation of rice and sugarcane.

The climate of Uttarakhand is temperate, marked by seasonal variations in temperature but also affected by tropical monsoons . January is the coldest month, with daily high temperatures averaging below freezing in the north and near 70 °F (21 °C) in the southeast. In the north, July is the hottest month, with temperatures typically rising from the mid-40s F (about 7 °C) to about 70 °F daily. In the southeast, May is the warmest month, with daily temperatures normally reaching the low 100s F (about 38 °C) from a low around 80 °F (27 °C). Most of the state’s roughly 60 inches (1,500 mm) of annual precipitation is brought by the southwest monsoon, which blows from July through September. Floods and landslides are problems during the rainy season in the lower stretches of the valleys. In the northern parts of the state, 10 to 15 feet (3 to 5 metres) of snowfall is common between December and March.

Four major forest types are found in the Uttarakhand, including alpine meadows in the extreme north, temperate forests in the Great Himalayas, tropical deciduous forests in the Lesser Himalayas, and thorn forests in the Siwalik Range and in parts of the Tarai. According to official statistics, more than 60 percent of Uttarakhand is under forest cover; in actuality, however, the coverage is much less. The forests provide not only timber and fuel wood but also extensive grazing land for livestock. Only a small portion of the state’s total land area has permanent pastures.

Common tree species of the temperate forests include Himalayan cedar (Deodar cedar), Himalayan (blue) pine, oak , silver fir , spruce, chestnut, elm, poplar, birch, yew, cypress, and rhododendron. Tropical deciduous forests of sal, teak, and shisham—all hardwoods—occur in the submontane tract. Thorn forests of dhak (a type of flowering tree), babul (a type of acacia), and various bushes occur in the south.

Uttarakhand has a rich array of animal life. Tigers, leopards, elephants, wild boars, and sloth bears are among the state’s large mammals. Common birds include pigeons, doves, ducks, partridges, peacocks, jays, quail , and woodpeckers. Crocodiles are found in some areas. Lions and rhinoceroses have become extinct in the region. A number of national parks and sanctuaries have been established to preserve Uttarakhand’s wildlife.

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Culture of Uttarakhand – Unveiling the True Essence of Dev Bhoomi

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Table of contents

History of uttarakhand, architecture of uttarakhand, culture of uttarakhand, traditional dresses of uttarakhand , festivals of uttarakhand, music & dance of uttarakhand, traditional food of uttarakhand, art & craft of uttarakhand, occupation in uttarakhand.

Dev Bhoomi, another name for Uttarakhand , has long served as the epicenter of religious and spiritual knowledge. Everywhere there is a celebration of Uttarakhand’s history, culture, and connection to religion. Here, a diverse range of cultures and races live in peace and harmony. The majority of the state is divided into the Garhwal and Kumaon areas. Jaunsaries, Tibetan refugees, and Bokshas are among the other residents.

Megaliths, Paleolithic age stone tools, ancient rock engravings, rock shelters, and other prehistoric artifacts demonstrate that the mountains in the region have been inhabited since prehistoric times. Furthermore, there are archaeological relics that show the presence of early humans. Moreover, there are archaeological remnants that demonstrate the presence of early Vedic practices (about 1500 BCE) in the region. Several lineages have ruled Uttarakhand at various points in time, including the Pauravas, Khasas, Kiratas, Nandas, Mauryas, Kushanas, Kunindas, Guptas, Karkotas, Palas, Gurjara-Pratiharas, Katyuris, Raikas, Chands, Parmars, or Panwars.

The communities are naturally arranged in a long, linear layout to maximise the sun. Buildings are positioned in the graded terraces along the contours to disrupt the ground as little as possible. Stone is typically used for walls, while wood is frequently used for structural support and slate is frequently used for roofing. Cobs, which are hand-built, sun-dried blocks, are sometimes used as load-bearing walls. The buildings’ sloping roofs typically serve as rainwater channels. The chajjas are used over the windows to provide cover and rain protection. In order to conserve natural warmth, floors are kept low. For a similar justification, the height of the doors and windows is maintained extremely low. Due to their insulating qualities, clay and dung are widely used, keeping the rooms warm in the winter and cool in the summer. A mud paste is used to plaster the walls (both internal and external). Garhwal and Kumaon, the two main regions of Uttarakhand, have distinct architecture styles that have developed as a result of the variations in their regional languages, customs, and cultures.

The Paun, Katuyari, Pawar, and Chand traditions were represented by the king who ensured the prosperity and security of the temples. The kings of Uttarakhand have a preference for building big temples that are often composed of wood and stone and embellished with fine carvings. Temples were occasionally decorated with elaborate peeth and aipan patterns. Both of them are rangoli-style patterns, the first constructed around the gods’ seated area and the second inside a temple’s sanctum sanctorum.The best attire and jewellery that could be found in the area were added to the deity’s sculpture, which was either made of stone or metal. The architecture of the temples was often created in the Nagara or Garhwal styles.

Uttarakhand is renowned for having exquisite Kumaoni and Garhwali cultures. What clearly distinguishes them are the diverse customs, faiths, fairs, festivals, folk dances, and music.

Garhwali, which also contains a number of dialects such as Jaunsari, Marchi, Jadhi, and Sailani, is the main language spoken here. In Garhwal, people come from all castes and ethnicities. They include the tribes of Garhwal, which include the Jaunsaris, Jadhs, Marchas, and Van Gujars, who live in the northern regions, and the Rajputs, who are thought to be of Aryan heritage.

Kumaiya, Gangola, Soryali, Sirali, Askoti, Danpuriya, Johari, Chaugarkhyali, Majh Kumaiya, Khasparjia, Pachhai, and Rauchaubhaisi are among the 13 dialects spoken in Kumaon. The Central Pahari languages constitute this linguistic family. Kumaon is particularly well-known for its folk literature, which features stories, heroes, heroines, and bravery as well as figures from the Ramayana and Mahabharatha. The most well-known dance style in Kumaon is called Chhalaria, and it has a connection to the area’s martial traditions. Even now, these traditional dance styles are still performed as part of the festivals that are all enthusiastically observed.

Garhwali costumes have brilliant colours, heavy fabrics, and distinctive patterns. Men dress in a kurta, pyjamas, and a koti over the kurta. A Koti is a type of wool garment created in the Garhwal region to ward against the chilly winds.

The women cover their faces with brightly coloured headscarves, a flowy shirt, and a vibrant Koti on top of that. At these occasions, a Ghagra or lehenga made of wool or cotton is also worn. In Kumaoni customs, the bride dons the pichora, a crimson and holy golden headdress, at weddings. Both Kumaoni and Garhwali women wear long naths made of gold, red, and velvet. The “gul band” is a necklace worn by Garhwali

There are three ways to celebrate Kumaoni Holi: Baithki Holi, Khari Holi, and Mahila Holi. This festival’s distinctive characteristic is the amount of music used to commemorate it.

A ceremony called Harela marks the arrival of monsoon weather. This festival is observed by Kumaon community members from July to August during the Shravan month. Bhitauli, which is observed in the months of Chaitra, or March–April, comes after this festival. Women sow seeds in the ground throughout the festival, and by the time it is over, they have reaped what is known as the harela harvest.

On the fifteenth day of the Baisakh month, which lasts from late March to early April, the Jageshwar fair is held in the temple of Lord Shiva in Jageshwar. At the fair, people swim in the Brahma Kund pool as a form of worship.

One of Uttarakhand’s largest and most well-known festivals is the Kumbh Mela. This event, known as the mela, lasts for three months and only occurs once every four years, rotating between Allahabad, Haridwar, Ujjain, and Nasik—that is, only once every 12 years in any one location.

Uttarakhand music refers to Kumoan and Garhwali songs. This region’s music is likewise influenced by nature. It discusses people’s lifestyles and cultural heritage. It also relates to festivals, religious rites, traditional stories, historical people, natural beauty, and so on. Dholkis, daur thalis, bhankoras, masakbhajas, paintings, harmoniums, and other traditional instruments are employed. Some well-known popular songs include “Bajuband,” which tells of love and sacrifice, “Chhura,” another type of love song, “Basanti,” about the seasons, “Jagars,” about legendary characters, “Khuded,” about a woman’s sorrows, and “Mangat,” which are songs sung during ceremonial ceremonies.

Kumaon and Garhwal in Uttarakhand execute numerous dance arts to worship their gods and goddesses. The greatest time to observe the performing arts of the Uttarakhand people is during festivals and fairs, when these dances contribute to the celebratory charm. The Bhotiya dance is the most prominent dance of the Bhotiya tribe. The dancers dress in traditional clothing and execute rituals throughout this performance. Another popular Uttarakhand dance that visitors appreciate is the Langvir Nritya, in which acrobats are solely performed by males. This dancing spectacle is enhanced by musicians playing various instruments. Barada Nati folk dance, Nritya Pandava, Dhurang, Dhuring, Chhura, and Chapeli are all major dance genres.

Uttarakhand’s food, like its people, is simple but excellent. Kumaon and Garhwal, two separate areas, provide palates of flavorful foods that are also strong in nutrients. The state’s cuisine is carefully selected to not only thrill the taste senses but also to make the most of the resources available. A well-balanced flavour is the key to traditional Uttarakhandi cuisine, which is primarily prepared over a low fire and includes lentils. While Kumaon and Garhwal are split into various regions, their culinary styles and ingredients are similar. There are also numerous foods that are widespread in both areas but have distinct names. Along with the changing of the seasons, the state’s culinary preferences also alter. For example, while Mathir and Til Laddus or Madua Rotis are popular in the winter, Dubkas and Chholia Rotis are popular in the summer.

The state’s distinctive lentils and a variety of barley and buckwheat flours are the primary ingredients of Uttarakhand cuisine, which are also known for their delectable flavour and aroma. Garwhal meal is prepared with just the right amount of spices, luring one to savour it. Phanu, Kafuli, Thechwani, Chainsoo, etc are examples of Garhwali cuisine. Aaloo Gutuk, Dubke, Thathwani, Kaapa, Sisunaak Saag, etc are among the delightful delicacies of Kumaon. Side dishes are as significant in Uttarakhand and are consequently made with great care. Bhangeera ki Chutney, Mooli Thechuwa, and Hara Namak are some of the sides that complement the flavour of main course meals. The melting-in-your-mouth deserts of Uttarakhand, such as Singal-Puha, Jhangora ki Kheer, Singodi, and Baal Mithai, round out the gourmet excursion. 

The state of Uttarakhand is home to a wide variety of art and craft, all of which need close examination. Several different arts and crafts, including painting, woodcarving, jewellery, candlemaking, and ornamental temples, have contributed to Uttarakhand’s rich cultural legacy. The most well-liked craft in the state of Uttarakhand is wood carving. Each Garhwali home has a finely made wooden entry gate.

Among the most impressive wood-carved structures are the Chandpur fort, Srinagar Temple, Pandukeshwar, Devi Madin, and the Temple of Devalgarh. Then there are the fine arts, which include Peeth, Aipan, and miniature paintings. Even though Mughal art had a strong effect on miniature painting, Uttarakhand has its own unique painting style known as the Garhwal Style. Aipan and Peeth, on the other hand, are folk arts that women generally perform in their homes.

A lot of people know Uttarakhand for its ornaments. The copper smiths in the area known as Tamtas are renowned for producing some of the most exquisite and gorgeous copper decorations in addition to the regional silver and gold ornaments. They produce gorgeous pieces that showcase their superb craftsmanship.

women that resembles the modern choker.

Agriculture plays a key role in Uttarakhand’s economy, as it does in most of India, making it the state’s primary profession. Subsistence farming is practised in the majority of Uttarakhand due to its colourful topography and varied agro-climatic endowments. Mixed cropping is employed in Uttarakhand’s steep regions, while single crops are cultivated there. In Uttarakhand, a variety of crops are cultivated extensively, including wheat, coarse cereals, pulses, soybeans, and oil seeds.

There are numerous cultures and festivals in Uttarakhand. Here, residents from all across the nation have made permanent homes, enriching the region’s cultural heritage. It is the ideal location for anyone who wishes to learn more about Hinduism or enjoy the mesmerising Himalayan scenery.

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Culture of Uttarakhand - Traditions, Festivals and More

Garhwali culture.

Kumaoni Culture

Festivals of uttarakhand.

• Kumaoni Holi  is celebrated in three forms namely Baithki Holi, Khari Holi and Mahila Holi. The unique feature about this festival is that it is celebrated with a lot of music. 
• Harela is a festival that marks the beginning of the rainy season or monsoon. The people belonging to the Kumaon community celebrate this festival during the month of Shravana, i.e., July-August. This festival is followed by Bhitauli, which is celebrated in the month of Chaitra, i.e., March - April. It revolves around agriculture where women sow seeds in the soil and by the end of the festival they reap the harvest which is called harela.
• Jageshwar fair is carried out in the temple of Lord Shiva in Jageshwar on the fifteenth day of Baisakh month which is the period extending from late March to early April. People take a dip in the pool known as Brahma Kund as a kind of belief during the fair. 
• Kumbh Mela is one of the biggest and the most popular festival of Uttarakhand. This mela is a 3-month long festival and takes place once in every four years rotating between Allahabad, Haridwar, Ujjain, and Nasik, i.e., only once in 12 years in any one place. 

Folk Dance and Music of Uttarakhand

• Barada Nati  is the popular dance of Jaunsar Bhawar area in Dehradun district 
• Langvir Nritya  is an acrobatic dance form performed by the men
• Pandav Nritya  is the narration of Mahabharatha in the form of music and dance
• Dhurang & Dhuring  are popular folk dances of the bhotiya tribals.

Folk songs include:

• Basanti  is composed to welcome the spring season
• Mangal  is sung during the marriage ceremonies
• Jagars  is used during the worship of ghosts  
• Bajuband  talks about the love and sacrifice of the shepherds,
• Khuded  talks about the suffering of a woman who gets separated from her husband
• Chhura  talks about the experience of the shepherds and the advice passed on by them to the younger generation.

Food Of Uttrakhand

• Urad Dal ke pakode which are spicy pakoras prepared from different pulses.
• Phanu made from dals
• Jhangore ki kheer which is a sweet dish prepared with Jhangora.
• Chainsoo which is made from black gram dal.
• Bhang ki chutney which is a sour-tasting chutney prepared from roasted bhang and cumin seeds mixed with lemon juice.

Traditional Dresses Of Uttarakhand

Traditional dress of men, traditional dress of women.

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Uttarakhand's Unique Culture and Traditions

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Uttarakhand, the northernmost state of India, is steeped in history and culture. It’s home to the Himalayas—the tallest mountain range in the world, and home to its highest peak—Everest, which stands at 29,029 feet (8,848 meters). The majestic mountains draw tourists from around the world every year who wish to see this natural wonder up close. The mountains themselves are stunning, but it’s the culture of Uttarakhand that makes it truly special.

Let’s talk about some of the unique culture and traditions of Uttarakhand

1. Art and Architecture

The art and architecture of Uttarakhand is unique and deeply rooted in the culture and traditions of the region. The most prominent type of architecture found in Uttarakhand is the Hindu temple. These temples are often adorned with intricate carvings and beautiful sculptures. The temples are not only places of worship but also serve as cultural centers where people can come to learn about their heritage and traditions. In addition, traditional crafts such as woodcarving, stone carving, metal working, terracotta work, pottery making and hand weaving are still practiced today in Uttarakhand.

2. Language, Literature, and Sports

The Uttarakhand region has its own unique culture and traditions, which are reflected in its language, literature, and sports. The native language of Uttarakhand is Hindi, but there are also many regional dialects spoken in the area. The literature of Uttarakhand is rich and varied, with many traditional folk tales and poems. Sports are also an important part of the culture of Uttarakhand, with cricket and football being the most popular. Other popular sports include kabaddi, volleyball, wrestling, boxing, and kho-kho. Almost every village has a playground where people play their favorite games together.

3. Cuisine & Dress

Uttarakhand is known for its unique cuisine, which is a blend of Kumaoni and Garhwali dishes. The most popular dish is dal bhat, which is a lentil soup served with rice. Another popular dish is Aloo Gobi, a potato and cauliflower curry. The people of Uttarakhand also wear traditional clothing, such as the dhoti for men and the sari for women.

4. Handicrafts & Handlooms

The hill state of Uttarakhand is blessed with a rich culture and tradition. One of the most important aspects of Uttarakhandi culture is its handicrafts and handlooms. The state is home to a number of skilled artisans who create beautiful handicrafts using traditional methods. These crafts are not only works of art, but also have a deep symbolic meaning. 

For example, the wooden toys made in the Kumaon region are believed to bring good luck. Similarly, one can find beautiful examples of stone and terracotta art all over the state. Woodcarving, embroidery work, pottery-making, needlework and carpet weaving are some other popular forms of arts that you will come across in Uttarakhand.

5. Climate and Geography

Uttarakhand is a state in the northern part of India. It is often referred to as the Land of the Gods due to the many Hindu temples and pilgrimage sites located throughout the state. The state is home to the Himalayan Mountains, which provide a unique climate and geography. This combination of factors has resulted in a culture that is quite different from other parts of India. 

For example, most people who live in Uttarakhand are Hindu, but there are also some Buddhist monks who have made their homes here. In addition to these two major religions, there are also a number of people who practice Islam or Christianity. There are also tribes living in the hills such as the Bhotiya, Raji, and Kumaon that have retained their ancient belief systems. Many customs from these groups can be seen at festival times when villagers visit each other’s homes with gifts and foods for an evening feast known as bhoj

6. Uttarakhand Wedding

A typical Uttarakhand wedding is a lavish affair with plenty of food, music, and dancing. The bride usually wears a red sari, while the uttarakhandi groom dons a traditional sherwani. The wedding feast typically includes dishes such as kadhi (a yogurt-based soup), aloo gobi (potatoes and cauliflower), and saag (spinach). After the meal, the guests often enjoy watching folk dances such as the ghoomar or Nati. In fact, these types of dances are so popular in Uttarakhand that they are used in courtship rituals.

Uttarakhand is a culturally rich and diverse state in India. From the iconic temples of Char Dham to the serene beauty of Nainital, Uttarakhand has something for everyone. The state is also home to a number of unique traditions, such as the Kumaoni wedding ceremony, which is a must-see for any visitor. If you're looking to experience something truly special, make sure to add Uttarakhand to your list of places to visit. Looking for an Uttarakhandi groom or Uttarakhandi bride? Contact uttarakhandshadi.com .

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• Kumaoni Language And Literature
• Uttarakhand

Kumaonis speak languages belonging to the Aryan family, although some of them speak the dialects of the Tibeto - Burmese family. The influence of the Kols, Munds, Kinnar - Kirats, Dard - Khasas is also to be seen in these dialects. Almost all Kumaonis can speak Hindi and except for the Shaukas of Darma, Biyans and Chaudans, the Banrajis of Askot and Chalthi; the Tharus, Boksas, Punjabis and Bengalis, they also use Kumaoni.

Kumaoni Language

 G.A. Grierson has mentioned the use of 13 dialects in Kumaon. These are Johari, Majh Kumaiya, Danpuriya, Askoti, Sirali, Soryali, Chaugarkhyali, Kumaiya, Gangola, Khasparjia, Phaldakoti, Pachhai, and Rauchaubhaisi. All the dialects of Garhwali and Kumaoni are called Central Pahari group of languages. To the east of these, people speak Khaskura (Nepali), to the west, Western Pahari (Himachali), to the south, Western Hindi, and to the north, languages belonging to the Tibeto - Burmese family.

Kumaon also has a very rich tradition of folk literature, which deals with local/national myths, heroes, heroines, deeds of bravery and various aspects of nature. These songs were written by some anonymous poets. The songs deal with the creation of earth, the deeds of Gods - Goddesses and local dynasties / heroes, as also characters from the Ramayan and the Mahabharat. There are folk songs dealing with the well known love story of Rajula and Malushahi, the courageous deeds of the twenty two Bafaul brothers, the heroism of Sangram Singh Karki and the imaginary lands across the Himalaya as envisaged by the two Ramola brothers. Usually, these songs are based on events from local history and the bharau (ballads) are usually sung during collective agricultural activities (Hurkiabol) and other songs in different social and cultural festivals. 

In some prosperous valleys hurkiabol is still a living folk expression.The pastoral, agricultural and children's songs of Kumaon also express a close relationship between man and his surroundings. In these songs the relations between man and his bullocks are almost human and children too, share a very intimate relationship with nature. In the songs dealing with the flora and fauna of the region, these often assume symbolic proportions. There are many types of folk songs e.g. the invitation songs, Neoli, Bhagnaul, Jhora, Chanchari and Chhapeli. 

In these songs the 'Suva' or the p'arrot symbolizes lovers, while in the 'Riturain' songs – the 'Nyoli' bird is a symbol for brothers and sisters. Neoli is also a style of singing. Even the proverbs of Kumaon are very poetic. Gopidas, Mohan Singh Reethagari, Jait Ram and Chakra Ram Damai were some of the famous folk singers of Kumaon.As far as the written literature of Kumaon is concerned Lok Ratna Pant 'Gumani', Krishna Pandey, Shiv Datt Sati, Gorda, Shyama Charan Datt Pant, Ram Dutt Pant 'Kaviraj', Chandra Lal Chaudhary, Pitambar Pandey, Bachi Ram Arya, Jeevan Chandra Joshi, Kunwar Singh Bhandari etc. are some of the well known names. Today Kumaoni poets and writers are known even outside of Kumaon. The contribution of Kumaon to the Hindi literature and journalism is unique in many ways. 

From Gumani to Sumitra Nandan Pant, Laxmi Datt Joshi to Shailesh Matiyani, Ela Chandra Joshi to Ramesh Chandra Shah, Hem Chandra Joshi to Mrinal Pande and Pankaj Bisht and many others, the contribution of Hindi writing Kumaonis is well known.Similarly the Shauka, Banraji, Tharu and Boksa tribes also have their own folk songs and dances. These are used mainly during festivals and social cultural ceremonies. The most popular dance of Kumaon is the Chhalaria, or Chholia, a dance form related with the martial traditions of the region. The Bhagnaul, Chanchari and Jhora folk songs are accompanied by dancing. Even today one can experience these in fairs and festivals.

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Essay On Uttarakhand In English In 500+ Words {Step by Step Guide}

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Essay On Uttarakhand In English In 500+ Words

Introduction:

Uttarakhand is a state located in northern India. Due to many pilgrimages and Hindu Temples, the state is also called the Devbhumi or the Land of the lord.

The mention of the Uttarakhand state is found in the Vedic books and in the time of the Mahabharata. The state was part of Uttar Pradesh after the Independence of India and then a separate state was created.

Establishment of state:

Uttarakhand is the 27th state of India crafted out from Uttar Pradesh since November 9, 2000. From 2000 to 2006 it was known as Uttaranchal.

In January 2007, keeping in mind the emotions of the local people, the official name of the state was changed to Uttarakhand.

Geography of Uttarakhand:

Uttarakhand shares a border with China, the Far-western Region of Nepal, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, and Haryana. The capital of the state is Dehradun and it is also the largest city of the state.

A small town named Gairsain has been proposed as the future capital due to its geographical location. The Uttarakhand is basically Himalayan ranges with some plane areas.

However, the majority of the areas under this state are covered by the Hill Region. There are forest reserves and sanctuaries here as well. The state has multiple rivers and sources of the major rivers of India such as the Ganga , Yamuna , And many others.

Uttarakhand, at a Glace:

The official languages of the state of Uttarakhand are Hindi and Sanskrit. The languages spoken in Uttarakhand can be divided into two major groups:

Kumaoni and Garhwali which are spoken in Kumaon and Garhwal division respectively. Along with this, A total of 13 languages including Jaunsari are spoken in the state.

The High Court of the state is in Nainital. At present, the state is divided into 13 districts and two divisions (Garhwal and Kumaun). The population of the state is said to be 10,086,29. The area of the state is 53,483 sq. km.

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The state flower of Uttarakhand is Bramhakamal, the state bird is monal, the State animal is musk deer, the state tree is Burans.

The enriched folk culture of Uttarakhand is prevailing since ancient times. The majority of the people practice Hinduism in the state. However, other religions like Islam, Sikhism, Buddhism, Christianity are also found in the state.

Uttarakhand is the second-fastest-growing state in India in terms of economy. Agriculture is the most prominent part of the economy.

The hydropower plants of the state are also a major source of the economy. Tourism is a huge source of income for the people and constitutes a crucial part of the economy.

Major religious and tourist places:

Char Dham or Four Pilgrimages to India are present in the state, Kedarnath, Badrinath, Gangotri, Yamunotri, and many other Hindu pilgrimages are scattered around the state.

Places like Auli and others are known for ice skating and other ice sports. Lakhs of visitors come to Uttarakhand every year.

The valleys of flowers in the state of Uttarakhand make its beauty famous all over the world.

Some of the Important national parks located in the state of Uttarakhand like Jim Corbett National park (Ramnagar) Valley of flowers national park (Nainital) and Ganga ki Devi National park (Chamoli district) are famous all over the world due to their own beauty.

A large number of domestic and foreign tourists come to visit the state with about 80 percent mountainous terrain.

Sri Hemkund Sahib, the main religious place of Sikhs situated in the lap of the Himalayas mountains, is also in Uttarakhand.

Conclusion:

The Uttarakhand state remains a topic of discussion all over the world due to its sacred land and natural beauty and plays an important role in all the special states of India.

The state of Uttarakhand is said to be a boon of the supernatural beauty of nature. Since its foundation, this state is on the path of continuous development on the basis of its hard work.

Hope the state of Uttarakhand touches the heights of development in the same way in the future and achieves a new milestone.

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Books and Their Authors of Uttarakhand

Major books of Uttarakhand :- Information about the main books of Uttarakhand and their authors –

Uttarakhand’s Famous Books and Their Authors

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aaj ik aur baras biit gayā us ke baġhair

jis ke hote hue hote the zamāne mere

Poets/Writers From Uttarakhand

Shamsher Bahadur Singh

• Born : Dehradun
• Domicile : Ahmedabad

Bharat Bhushan Pant

• Domicile : Lucknow
• Died : Lucknow

One of the most prominent contemporary ghazal poets in India

Raza Ali Abidi

• Born : Roorkee
• Domicile : Karachi

Sohail Azad

• Born : Pilibhit
• Domicile : Nainital

Tufail Chaturvedi

• Born : Kashipur
• Domicile : Noida

Zafar Hameedi

• Born : Garhwal
• Domicile : Muzaffarpur

Aadil Rasheed

• Born : Uttarakhand
• Domicile : Delhi

• Born : Udham Singh Nagar
• Domicile : Udham Singh Nagar

Asha Shailly

• Domicile : Uttarakhand

Sweety Joshi

• Born : Almora

Taruna Mishra

• Born : Nainital
• Domicile : Ghaziabad

• Domicile : Dehradun

Altamash Abbas

• Domicile : Roorkee

Amit Shrivastav

• Born : Jaunpur

Anjana Sandhir

Anup Jalota

• Domicile : Mumbai

Anoop Jalota is a popular ghazal and bhajan singer from India. Also known as 'bhajan samrat' he has been bestowed upon with the Padma Shri.

Dr. Rakesh Joshi

• Domicile : Garhwal

Harbhajan Singh Sodhi Bismil

Kanchan Dobhal

• Born : New Tehri

Kanval Ziai

• Born : Sialkot
• Died : Dehradun

Mehshar Afridi

Mohit Negi Muntazir

Naaz Muradabadi

• Born : Mussoorie
• Domicile : Moradabad

Priya Malik

Rashid Arfi

Sagheer Ashraf Warsi

Shaariq Qamar

Shagufta Rahman

Shankar Swaroop Bhatnagar

Sonu Kakkar

Swami Ram tirth

• Born : Gujranwala
• Died : New Tehri

Syed Tufail Ahmad Manglori

• Died : Roorkee

vatsal rohilla

Yamit Punetha Zaif

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Uttarakhand PCS Exam Notes

UKPCS Prelims and Mains Notes-UKPSC Test Series

History and Culture of Uttarakhand

• PRESS & MAGAZINES of Uttarakhand
• PRE HISTORY of Uttarakhand
• Archaeological sites of Uttarakhand
• HISTORY OF MODERN Uttarakhand after Independence
• Famous Fairs and Festivals of Uttarakhand
• Introduction of History of uttarakhand
• Tehri Estate : History of Uttarakhand
• Sceduled Tribes: History of Uttarakhand
• Role of Uttarakhand in National Moments
• Peoples Moments: History of Uttarakhand
• Gurkha British War: History of Uttarakhand
• Freedom Moments : History of Uttarakhand
• Parmaras ; Short Introduction History of Uttarakhand
• Kuninda Kingdom : History of Uttarakhand
• Katyuri kings:History of Uttarakhand
•  Chand Dynasty of Kumaon: History of Uttarakhand
• Ancient Tribes of Uttarakhand History
•  History of Uttarakhand ;An Introduction

Uttarakhand History can be traced back to the Prehistoric Period , with the development of Civilization in the Ancient History of Uttarakhand. We have Bifurcated the History of Uttarakhand into four sections for the systematic study for UKPCS Exam by our students. Uttarakhand History plays a crucial role in not only Uttarakhand PSC Prelims Exam but even UKPCS Mains Exam. Uttarakhand History Notes are designed by UKPCS Toppers and other civil servants. Detail Notes can be browsed at the following links

Detailed Notes for Uttarakhand History

Specifically designed Notes for Uttarakhand History can be Bought at minimum price in PDF or Printed format

• History of Uttarakhand from Vedic age to Gupta Period
• Major dynasties of Uttarakhand
• Former Pricely States of Uttarakhand and Zamindaris
• British Rule in Uttarakhand
• Feudatory States in Uttarakhand
• Freedom Movement in Uttarakhand
• Revolt of 1857 in Uttarakhand
• Workers, Peasant and Tribal Movements in Uttarakhand
• Constitution of Uttarakhand
• Handicraft of Uttarakhand
• Art Forms of Uttarakhand
• Painting of Uttarakhand
• Uttarakhand Folk Dance
• Folk Songs of Uttarakhand
• Languages and Literature of State
• Fairs and Festivals of Uttarakhand
• PRESS & MAGAZINES of Uttarakhand
• Coming Soon

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FAQs on History and Culture of Uttarakhand

What are the ancient names of Uttarakhand?

Uttarakhand was known by various names in ancient texts:

• Kedarkhand: Referred to the Garhwal region.
• Manaskhand: Referred to the Kumaon region.
• Devabhumi: “Land of the Gods,” referencing the numerous religious sites and mythological significance.

Which dynasties ruled Uttarakhand in ancient and medieval times?

Several dynasties have ruled Uttarakhand throughout history:

• Kuninda Kingdom: (2nd century BCE to 3rd century CE) An ancient Himalayan kingdom.
• Katyuri Dynasty: (7th to 11th centuries CE) Ruled over Kumaon and Garhwal.
• Chand Dynasty: (10th to 18th centuries CE) The most prominent dynasty, ruling Kumaon.
• Panwar Dynasty: (9th to 19th centuries CE) Ruled over Garhwal.

How did the British influence Uttarakhand’s history?

A3: The British gained control of Kumaon and Garhwal in the early 19th century after the Anglo-Nepalese War. They established administrative systems and infrastructure, leaving a lasting impact on the region.

When did Uttarakhand become a separate state?

Uttarakhand was carved out of Uttar Pradesh and became a separate state on November 9, 2000.

What are the major languages spoken in Uttarakhand?

A1: The main languages spoken in Uttarakhand are:

• Garhwali: Spoken in the Garhwal region.
• Kumaoni: Spoken in the Kumaon region.
• Hindi: The official language of the state.

What are the main festivals celebrated in Uttarakhand?

Uttarakhand has a rich tradition of festivals, some of the most popular ones include:

• Kumbh Mela: A major Hindu pilgrimage held every 12 years in Haridwar.
• Phool Dei: A spring festival celebrating the blossoming of flowers.
• Bhitauli: A festival honoring brothers and sisters.
• Ganga Dussehra: Celebrating the descent of the River Ganges to Earth.
• Nanda Devi Raj Jat Yatra: A long pilgrimage in honor of the goddess Nanda Devi.

What is the traditional attire of Uttarakhand?

Traditional attire varies across regions:

• Garhwali: Men wear dhoti, kurta, and topi (cap), while women wear ghagra (long skirt), choli (blouse), and odhni (veil).
• Kumaoni: Similar to Garhwali attire, with some regional variations.

What are some famous folk dances of Uttarakhand?

Uttarakhand has a rich folk dance tradition, some popular dances include:

• Barada Nati: A dance of the Jaunsar-Bawar region.
• Langvir Nritya: An acrobatic dance performed by men.
• Pandav Nritya: A dance narrating the epic Mahabharata.
• Chholiya: A sword dance performed during festivals.

What are the main architectural styles found in Uttarakhand?

Uttarakhand’s architecture reflects its history and cultural influences. Some notable styles include:

• Katyuri style: Temples with intricate carvings and sculptures.
• Chand style: Palaces and forts with elaborate designs.
• Colonial style: Buildings constructed during the British Raj.
• Traditional houses: Built using local materials like stone and wood.

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Culture Of Uttarakhand – Traditions, Festivals And More

Culture and Heritage of Uttarakhand

Uttarakhand, also known as the Land of Gods, is home to a rich and vibrant culture that is steeped in tradition and history. The region has a diverse cultural heritage, influenced by its unique geography, climate, and religious beliefs. Here is a brief overview of the culture of Uttarakhand, including its traditions, festivals, and more.

Traditions:

Uttarakhand’s culture is deeply rooted in tradition, and the region has preserved its rich cultural heritage over the centuries. The people of Uttarakhand are known for their warm hospitality and simplicity, and many of them still follow traditional customs and practices, such as wearing traditional attire, cooking local cuisine, and practicing local art forms.

Uttarakhand is known for its vibrant and colorful festivals, many of which are celebrated with great fervor and enthusiasm. Some of the popular festivals include:

Kumbh Mela: Held once every 12 years, the Kumbh Mela is one of the largest religious gatherings in the world. Millions of devotees gather at the banks of the Ganges river to take a holy dip and seek blessings.

Bikhauti Mela: Celebrated in the town of Haridwar, the Bikhauti Mela is a unique festival that symbolizes the victory of good over evil. It is celebrated during the month of Chaitra (March-April) and attracts a large number of devotees.

Nanda Devi Raj Jat Yatra: This is a 19-day pilgrimage that takes place every 12 years, where devotees undertake a difficult trek to reach the Nanda Devi temple in the Himalayas.

Art and Crafts:

Uttarakhand is known for its unique handicrafts and textiles, including carpets, shawls, and woolen garments. The region is also famous for its wood carving, pottery, and basket weaving. Many of these art forms have been passed down through generations and are still practiced today.

Uttarakhand’s cuisine is unique and flavorful, with several local delicacies that visitors can savor during their stay. Some of the popular dishes include bhatt ki churkani, kafuli, chainsoo, and aloo ke gutke. The cuisine is influenced by the region’s geography and climate, with a focus on locally sourced ingredients.

Overall, the culture of Uttarakhand is a reflection of the region’s rich history and diversity, and exploring it can be a rewarding experience for visitors.

How Can you Discovering the cultural heritage of Uttarakhand

Uttarakhand has a rich cultural heritage that is steeped in history and tradition. The state is known for its unique customs, festivals, cuisine, art, and architecture that reflect the region’s history and diversity. Here are some of the ways to discover the cultural heritage of Uttarakhand:

Visit the ancient temples: Uttarakhand is known for its ancient temples, many of which are located in the hill stations. The temples, such as Kedarnath, Badrinath, Gangotri, and Yamunotri, have significant spiritual and cultural importance and attract a large number of devotees from across the country.

Explore the local cuisine: Uttarakhand’s cuisine is unique and flavorful, with several local delicacies that visitors can savor during their stay. Some of the popular dishes include bhatt ki churkani, kafuli, chainsoo, and aloo ke gutke, to name a few.

Attend local festivals: Uttarakhand is known for its vibrant festivals, many of which are celebrated with great fervor and enthusiasm. Some of the popular festivals include Kumbh Mela, Ganga Dussehra, Bikhauti Mela, and Nanda Devi Raj Jat Yatra.

Visit the museums and galleries: Uttarakhand is home to several museums and galleries that showcase the region’s history and culture. Some of the popular museums include the Kumaon Regimental Centre Museum, the Jim Corbett Museum, and the Forest Research Institute Museum.

Explore the handicrafts and textiles: Uttarakhand is known for its unique handicrafts and textiles, including carpets, shawls, and woolen garments. Visitors can explore the local markets and shops to purchase these products and support the local artisans.

Overall, discovering the cultural heritage of Uttarakhand is a rewarding experience that provides insight into the region’s rich history and diversity.

Hope you enjoyed reading this blog.

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Mirroring Change: Literature and Social Transformation

International Seminar

3rd & 4th October 2024

Organized by

Research and Cultural Forum (RCF)

Department of English

Pondicherry University

Puducherry-605014

Host Department : The Department of English at Pondicherry University has been an important educational destination for research scholars and students, ever since it commenced functioning in 1986. Over the years, the department has produced innumerable PhD and M. Phil scholars, in addition to a large number of postgraduate students. The faculty of the department with their different specializations and academic interests are at the forefront of innovative teaching and advanced research varying from contemporary literary, cultural and language studies to theoretical explorations. The department also runs a Post Graduate Diploma in Professional Communication in English, an add-on program, in much demand among students and employees.

Furthermore, the department has also sought to enhance the language and communication skills of students from across the University through Functional

English and other communication-oriented courses. Another hallmark of the department is the Research and Cultural Forum (RCF) which acts as an avenue for scholars and students to showcase their research work and creative abilities. The department has also been at the forefront of organizing seminars, workshops and faculty development programs.

About Research and Cultural Forum (RCF):

Conceived thirty-five years ago as Research and Journal Alert Forum (RJAF) at the Department of English, Pondicherry University, RCF is a platform for research scholars and students of the department to discuss their research findings in various areas related to literature and culture and also present their creative talents. Run exclusively by the research scholars of the department, under the guidance of the faculty members and the support of MA students the forum hosts invited talks, workshops and interactive sessions by experts of national and international repute in the emerging areas of English Studies. The forum was recently renamed Research and Cultural Forum to integrate the department's research and cultural outputs. Now, it proudly undertakes the mission of bringing together and highlighting the role of literature in social transformation through this two-day International Seminar.

About the Seminar:

A Two-Day International Seminar has been planned by the Department of English on the 3rd & 4th of October 2024, with the focus area “Mirroring Change: Literature and Social Transformation”.

Literature has been able to predict, analyze, and critique social, economic and political change for a long time. This, in turn, has contributed to understanding social and political transformation through a medium that has been conventionally seen to be largely imaginative and fictional. While Orwell’s cautionary tale, 1984 predicted the effects of totalitarian regimes and surveillance, Harriet Beecher’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin “helped lay the groundwork for the American Civil War” (Kaufman, 2006: 18). If Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath brought into full view the travails of America during the Great Depression, Munshi Premchand’s Godaan brutally exposed poverty and the evils of the zamindari system in India. Literature has thus been constantly in sync with the changing silhouettes of society.

The conference aims to explore how literature has closely interacted with and mirrored the intricate matrix of the social and political milieu. This interaction has resulted in innumerable texts that have reflected these significant changes and helped us understand an ever-changing world. The wide gamut of social, political, economic, cultural, sociological and anthropological change has prompted the writer to ask questions, show up the mirror and sometimes even offer prescriptions for ills, thus making literature a vehicle for social transformation.  The conference aims to investigate and explore the significant role that literature has played in reflecting these changes, therefore acting as truth-seeker, sentinel, chronicler, and critic, all rolled into one.   

The conference aims to explore the interchange between literature and social transformation across varied arenas and can include, but is not restricted, to the following areas:

•           Political upheaval and social movements

•           Caste, class and hierarchy

•           Reigns, regimes and democracy

•           Marxism and literature

•           Changing dimensions of gender

•           Queer narratives

•           Geographies, borders and migration

•           Indigenous literatures

•           Anthropocene, Ecocriticism and Ecofeminism 

•           Dalit literature and social justice

•           Technology and literature

•           Popular culture and subcultures

•           Medical imperialism and illness narratives

Registration Fee:

Faculty Members:      Rs. 2000

Research Scholars:     Rs. 1000

PG Students:               Rs. 500

Co-authors are required to pay individually.

UG students (participation only): Rs 200

Abstracts can be uploaded through the Google form link

below on or before 30th August 2024.

Registration Link: https://forms.gle/CA78DHY86yfQtzhW9

Your queries may be addressed to rcfseminar202 4 @gmail.com

Important Dates:

Last date for sending abstracts: 30th August 2024

Confirmation of acceptance will be communicated by: 2nd September 2024

Complete papers are to be sent by: 27th September 2024 

Travel and Accommodation:

We hope that you will be able to take care of your travel and accommodation. However, accommodation will be arranged for outstation paper presenters if intimated in advance.

Working lunch and local hospitality will be provided.

Chief Patron :

Prof. K.Tharanikkarasu, Honourable Vice-Chancellor (i/c), Pondicherry University

Prof. Clement S Lourdes, Director, Culture  & Cultural Relations

Prof. Rajneesh Bhutani, Registrar (i/c)

Prof. D. Lazar, Finance Officer (i/c)

Chairperson : Prof. Clement S Lourdes, Dean, School of Humanities

Convener : Dr. T Marx, Prof & Head, Department of English

Faculty Coordinator: Dr. Harpreet Kaur Vohra, Associate Professor

Coordinators: Drishya K, Steward C.

Members:     

                        Prof. Binu Zachariah

                        Prof. K. Reshmi

                        Prof. Lakhimai Mili

Dr. Aiswarya S. Babu

                        Dr. Vidya Sarveswaran

Dr. S. Visaka Devi

Address for Communication:

Steward  C.        

Research Scholars                                                     

Department of English                                              

Pondicherry University                                             

Puducherry-605014                                                   

8589825788, 8270410154                                                                 

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The 100 Best Books of the 21st Century: A Printable List

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The New York Times Book Review I've I want THE 100 BEST BOOKS OF THE 21ST CENTURY read to it read it 1 My Brilliant Friend, by Elena Ferrante 26 26 Atonement, by lan McEwan 2 The Warmth of Other Suns, by Isabel Wilkerson 27 Americanah, by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 3 Wolf Hall, by Hilary Mantel 28 Cloud Atlas, by David Mitchell 4 The Known World, by Edward P. Jones 29 The Last Samurai, by Helen DeWitt 5 The Corrections, by Jonathan Franzen 30 Sing, Unburied, Sing, by Jesmyn Ward 6 2666, by Roberto Bolaño 31 White Teeth, by Zadie Smith 7 The Underground Railroad, by Colson Whitehead 32 The Line of Beauty, by Alan Hollinghurst 8 Austerlitz, by W.G. Sebald 33 Salvage the Bones, by Jesmyn Ward 9 Never Let Me Go, by Kazuo Ishiguro 34 Citizen, by Claudia Rankine 10 Gilead, by Marilynne Robinson 35 Fun Home, by Alison Bechdel 11 The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao, by Junot Díaz 36 Between the World and Me, by Ta-Nehisi Coates 12 The Year of Magical Thinking, by Joan Didion 37 The Years, by Annie Ernaux 13 The Road, by Cormac McCarthy 38 The Savage Detectives, by Roberto Bolaño 14 Outline, by Rachel Cusk 39 A Visit From the Goon Squad, by Jennifer Egan 15 Pachinko, by Min Jin Lee 40 H Is for Hawk, by Helen Macdonald 16 The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay, by Michael Chabon 41 Small Things Like These, by Claire Keegan 17 The Sellout, by Paul Beatty 42 A Brief History of Seven Killings, by Marlon James 18 Lincoln in the Bardo, by George Saunders 43 Postwar, by Tony Judt 19 Say Nothing, by Patrick Radden Keefe 44 The Fifth Season, by N.K. Jemisin 20 Erasure, by Percival Everrett 45 The Argonauts, by Maggie Nelson 21 Evicted, by Matthew Desmond 46 The Goldfinch, by Donna Tartt 22 22 Behind the Beautiful Forevers, by Katherine Boo 47 A Mercy, by Toni Morrison 23 Hateship, Friendship, Courtship, Loveship, Marriage, by Alice Munro 48 Persepolis, by Marjane Satrapi 24 The Overstory, by Richard Powers 49 The Vegetarian, by Han Kang 25 25 Random Family, by Adrian Nicole LeBlanc 50 Trust, by Hernan Diaz I've I want read to it read it

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John McMurtrie crafts ‘Literary Journeys’ for the armchair traveler

John mcmurtrie’s new book is a collection of original essays by a team of more than 50 critics, scholars and writers..

Former Chronicle book editor John McMurtrie is the general editor of “Literary Journeys: Mapping Fictional Travels Across the World of Literature,” due out in September. 

John McMurtrie doesn’t need to venture far to travel the world. 

The Albany writer, editor and book curator arrived at Heyma Yemeni Coffee on University Avenue in Berkeley on a bike he bought on Treasure Island. In his bag, he carried a copy of his new book “Literary Journeys: Mapping Fictional Travels Across the World of Literature,” a collection of essays, illustrations and archival materials.

McMurtrie, the general editor of the project, has explored quite a few places in his life, from France to Yugoslavia to his home in the Bay Area, but still considers himself an avid “armchair traveler.”

“That’s what I love about books, how they’re a window to the world,” McMurtrie told the Chronicle. “There’s nothing like books that can do that.”

“Literary Journeys” compiles original essays by an international team of more than 50 critics, scholars and writers, with an introduction and final installment written by McMurtrie. It begins with Homer’s mythological classic “Odyssey,” makes a stop “On the Road” with Jack Kerouac, moves through magical portals in Mohsin Hamid’s “Exit West” and finishes with Amor Towles’ story of a 10-day road trip in “The Lincoln Highway.”

Beyond the written word, the multicolored visuals, including archival paintings and illustrated maps, aim to bring the literary explorations to life “and to encourage people to explore the books themselves on their own or revisit some that they might have read many years ago,” said Anne Savarese, the book’s editor at Princeton University Press.

“Literary Journeys” compiles original essays by an international team of more than 50 critics, scholars and writers.

Though the volume is international in scope, many entries pass through the Bay Area, McMurtrie noted. Jack London’s “Call of the Wild” opens in Santa Clara, migrants Saeed and Nadia seek refuge in Marin in “Exit West,” and Jules Verne declares that “San Francisco was no longer the legendary city of 1849” in the adventure novel “Around the World in Eighty Days.”

McMurtrie has lived in the Bay Area for 25 years but said he continually sees the region through new eyes. During the pandemic, he began to ride his bike more often, leading him to discover places he never knew existed, such as Berkeley’s Strawberry Creek Park. 

Biking “awakens you to so much. I think it makes you present,” he said. “Being in a car, you’ve got this barrier between you and the world.”

In “Literary Journeys,” McMurtrie isn’t just interested in the destination but the mode of transportation. In his closing essay on “The Lincoln Highway,” for instance, he describes the open road as a “tabula rasa,” or blank slate, for the novel’s central characters to satisfy their individual desires. 

But perhaps more relevant to McMurtrie’s riding habits is H.G. Wells’ comic novel “The Wheels of Chance,” which documents the rise of the bicycle in the 1890s and its relation to a new social mobility for women and the working class. 

Literary Journeys: Mapping Fictional Travels Across the World of Literature Edited by John McMurtrie (Princeton University Press/Elwin Street Productions; 256 pages; $29.95)

“Literary Journeys” book launch: 7 p.m. Sept. 10. Free. Clio’s, 353 Grand Ave., Oakland.

The book “has you thinking about how around the turn of the century, biking became a real big deal,” McMurtrie said. “In a way, biking was eclipsed by the automobile. It’s fun to see how the bike has come back now.”

McMurtrie doesn’t have a formal academic background in literature, having studied political science at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, but he’s well versed in the literary world. He was the Chronicle’s books editor for a decade, before the position was dissolved in 2019, and worked as an editor at McSweeney’s Publishing. Most recently, he’s joined Kirkus Reviews, where he’ll be assigning and writing book reviews and features as the nonfiction editor. 

John McMurtrie joined Kirkus Reviews as the nonfiction editor in August. 

Additionally, McMurtrie works as a curator at Clio’s , a new bookstore and bar in Oakland. The books are arranged chronologically from antiquity to present, creating their own literary journey through time, he noted. 

Timothy Don, founder of Clio’s and the Oakland Book Festival, looks forward to receiving a copy of his friend and colleague’s new project. A scholar in the “history of ideas,” he’s excited to revisit the included books from a new perspective. 

“It’s going to be particularly special knowing that John is the person who’s assembled them and ordered them and put them together,” Don said. “He’s got a very, very light touch and a very intelligent touch as an editor. Everything he does comes out flawlessly.”

Reach Lauren Harvey: [email protected]

Lauren Harvey is an intern on the Chronicle's Datebook team. Harvey is a recent graduate of UC Berkeley, where she studied English, journalism and public health. She previously worked for her campus newspaper, the Daily Californian, as the arts and entertainment editor and special issues editor. Additionally, Harvey’s work appears in Fifty Grande magazine and uDiscover Music, the in-house music magazine at Universal Music Group. In her free time, she enjoys reading, teaching yoga and attending the San Francisco Ballet. In the fall, she will be pursuing her Master of Science in communication data science at the University of Southern California. 

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