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What do hood and gown colours mean at graduation?

When University of Edinburgh students graduate, McEwan Hall is awash with a rainbow of bright colours. But what do these gown and hood colours signify?

Twice a year at the University of Edinburgh, we get to celebrate the successes of our students at their graduations. These ceremonies are held in the spectacular surroundings of McEwan Hall in the centre of Edinburgh.

One thing you may notice about these ceremonies is the variety of colours worn by our graduating students. These colours relate to the subject and type of degree students are about to receive.

Academic gowns and hoods

Academic dress at the University of Edinburgh is made up of a gown and a hood. Most of our graduates wear a black ‘masters’ gown.

However, there are different gowns for those receiving some of our doctorates.

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) and Doctor of Clinical Dentistry (DClinDent) graduates wear a gown with a blue lining and red border. And those receiving a Doctor of Medicine (MD) or Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS) degree wear a scarlet robe.

A ‘masters’ gown (left), a Doctor of Philosophy gown worn by PhD and DClinDent graduates (centre), and a scarlet Doctor robe worn by MD and DDS graduates (right).

These gowns are worn with ceremonial hoods corresponding to the specific award students will be receiving.

Postgraduate certificates and diplomas

Students graduating with a postgraduate certificate (PgCert) or a postgraduate diploma (PgDip) wear a University Blue hood lined with white and bordered with red.

This qualification is usually given to students who have completed one of our shorter online programmes – typically one or two years of part-time study.

Hood worn by students graduating with a Postgraduate Certificate (PgCert) or a Postgraduate Diploma (PgDip).

Read more: What’s the difference between a PgCert, a PgDip and a masters degree?

Masters degrees

Students who have completed a masters programme are awarded one of our masters degrees.

The name of a student’s award depends on the subject they studied. Most masters programmes in the College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine lead to the award of Master of Science.

But there are some exceptions.

Students graduating with a Master’s in Advanced Clinical Practice or a Master’s in Conservation Medicine are awarded a Master of Veterinary Science (MVetSci) degree. This hood is lined with light maroon and bordered with the same green as the MSc hood.

And students graduating with many of our surgical masters will receive the degree of Master of Surgery (ChM). The ChM hood is lined with crimson silk without a border.

There is also a separate hood for Masters in Medical Sciences (MMedSci) graduates. This hood is lined with crimson and bordered with green.

Hoods worn by students graduating with Master of Science (MSc), Master of Veterinary Science (MVetSci), Master of Medical Science (MMedSci) and Master of Surgery (ChM) degrees.

Two other masters programmes that lead to their own unique awards are the Family Medicine and Public Health ( online or on campus ), which lead to the awards of Master of Family Medicine (MFM) and Master of Public Health (MPH), respectively.

MFM graduates’ hoods are lined with crimson while those of MPH graduates are lined with saffron yellow; both hoods are bordered with deep turquoise silk.

Hoods worn by students graduating with Master of Family Medicine (MFM) and Master of Public Health (MPH) degrees.

Taught programmes in dentistry

Students who complete a full time taught programmes in Endodontology, Orthodontics, Paediatric Dentistry or Prosthodontics are awarded a Doctor of Clinical Dentistry (DClinDent) award. This hood is lined with crimson and bordered with red silk. As this is a doctoral award, DClinDent graduates wear the PhD robe.

Some of these programmes also allow students to study for a shorter period and receive a Master of Clinical Dentistry (MClinDent) degree. This hood is lined with white and bordered with red silk.

Hoods worn by students graduating with Master of Clinical Dentistry (MClinDent) and Doctor of Clinical Dentistry (DClinDent) degrees.

Research programmes

As well as taught programmes, the University of Edinburgh also offers research degrees.

Those studying one of our Master of Science by Research (MScR) programmes wear the same hood as other MSc graduates.

Most students who complete a doctoral research programme receieve a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) award. They wear a hood lined with blue silk shot with brown and bordered with three inches of red silk.

We also offer a research programme in Medicine. This is a degree undertaken by clinically qualified staff normally during their postgraduate medical training and leads to the qualification of Doctor of Medicine (MD). MD graduates wear the scarlet Doctor robe and a black hood with appended cape, lined and faced with crimson silk.

Another research degree we offer is the part-time Dental Surgery programme, which leads to the award of Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS). As well as the scarlet Doctor robe, DDS graduates wear a black hood lined with crimson and bordered with white silk.

Hoods worn by students graduating with Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Doctor of Medicine (MD) and Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS) degrees.

Undergraduate programmes

Students graduating from most undergraduate programmes in the College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine receive a bachelors degree. Hoods for these awards differ by the inclusion of a white artificial fur border.

The typical bachelors degrees awarded by the College are Bachelor of Medical Science (BMedSci), Bachelor of Science (BSc), Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery (BVM&S) and Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBChB).

Hoods worn by students graduating with Bachelor of Medical Science (BMedSci), Bachelor of Science (BSc), Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery (BVM&S) and Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBChB) degrees.

What about caps?

Unlike many other universities, Edinburgh graduates don’t wear the square academic caps or mortarboards typically associated with graduations.

But as part of the graduation ceremony, the Principal doffs the head of each student with a cap called the Geneva Bonnet. According to university legend, this cap was made using material from the breeches of the Scottish religious reformer John Knox.

Which qualification are you graduating with?

Let us know what you will be graduating with, along with a photo of your colourful hood, on our social media channels.

Remember to use the hashtag #EdinburghGrad or tag one of our channels!

• Instagram: @edinburghmedicalschool and @thedickvet
• X/Twitter: @EdinUniMedicine and @TheDickVet
• Facebook: Edinburgh Medical School and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies
• LinkedIn: Edinburgh Medical School and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies

Posted by CMVM Postgraduate

22 November 2023

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What’s the difference between a PgCert, a PgDip and a master’s degree?

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The origins of today’s academic dress including the robe, hood and classical cap trace back to the first universities in medieval times. Students wore long, sober clothing reflecting their status in society and identifying them as scholars.Whilst fashions changed, the sense of purpose and propriety evoked by formal academic dress along with practicalities of marking students out in a crowd ensured that the traditional garments were kept.

Many Oxbridge colleges, schools and some ecclesiastical services still use the gown and hood, however it is more commonly seen at degree ceremonies.

“Ede & Ravenscroft continues to supply academic dress to institutions around the world combining an attention to historical detail with a modern touch.”

Please book your graduation outfit at least 21 days before your Ceremony.

PLACING YOUR ORDER

Q. I'm not sure what degree I am on. A. Unfortunately, we are unable to tell you what you have been studying for, please ask your course tutor or the university or college registry.

Q. How can I confirm that my order has been placed? A. You can see if your order has been placed by accessing the Review / Amend order screen which can be entered from the home page drop down menu.

Q. I am unable to print my confirmation e-mail - can I collect my gown without it? A. It is not imperative that you have the printed copy, but take a note of the number - which can be found on the Review / Amend order screen, as it does speed things up at the ceremony, in any event, our representatives will have detailed lists on the day of your ceremony.

Q. What forms of payment do you accept? A. Credit Cards: Visa, Mastercard  Debit cards: Visa Debit, Maestro and Electron

Q. Can I go into my nearest shop to place my order in person? A.  In order for us to process the orders efficiently, orders should be placed via the website or the Call Centre.

Q. Can I go into my nearest shop to have my measurements taken for my outfit? A.  Sorry we do not provide this service in our shops.

“We will help you put your graduation outfit on, and ensure that you are wearing it correctly.”

ABOUT YOUR GRADUATION OUTFIT

Q. What does 'Height' mean? A. Your height means the measurement from the top of your head to the ground. This can be in metres or feet and inches.

Q. What does full outfit mean? A. Full outfit means all the required items for the award that you are receiving and is usually a gown, hood and hat although this varies according to the institution.

Q. How will I know how to wear the outfit? A. We will help you put it on and ensure you are wearing it correctly.  

WHEN TO PLACE YOUR ORDER

Q. How much notice is required before I book my graduation outfit? A. Please book early to be sure of your order as we cannot always guarantee an order if you leave your booking later than 21 days before your Ceremony (being the date agreed for the Hire outfit to be available). Please check the website to see if the ceremony date option is still available or contact the Call Centre to establish if it is still open to book.

Q. What can I do if I am too late to order my outfit on-line? A. You may be able to place a late order. Go to the enquiry desk in the robing area early on the day of your ceremony and our staff will do their best to help you. We are usually only able to accept cash or cheques at the ceremony. Please note we cannot guarantee we will be able to provide robes for late orders.

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Q. When will my purchased outfit arrive? A. This will depend on the type of outfit you have ordered. The dispatch time will be stated on your shopping basket when placing your order on the internet. Please make a note of this.

Q. Where do I collect my outfit from? A. Your university or college has set aside a special area for you to collect your outfit and put it on. Details are normally given to you in your handout regarding ceremony arrangements. Please confirm with your registry.

Q. Will I receive my purchased accessories with my hire outfit? A. Hire orders will be delivered direct to your graduation ceremony. All purchased orders will be delivered to your specified delivery address (not your institution).

Q. When can I collect my outfit? A. Details will have been given to you by your university or college, however as a general rule Ede and Ravenscroft will normally be available to robe you at least two hours before the ceremony.

Q. What does Extra Time mean? A. The normal hire fee is usually for the ceremony day (or evening if it is just an evening ceremony). This enables you to wear the outfit for your graduation ceremony and have private and official photos taken if you want. If you opt for Extra 7 days hire you can take the robes away from where you had your graduation ceremony and keep them for one week, returning them to us in the postage paid bag provided. Instructions regarding the use of this bag are listed inside the bag. You must obtain proof of posting. You are not allowed to take your outfit out of the United Kingdom.

Q. Can I return my outfit to my nearest Ede & Ravenscroft shop? A.  Please return all postal items as requested to the address as stated in the back of your gown.

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We work hard to ensure that our hoods precisely match university regulations and those manufactured by other suppliers. Fabrics are custom dyed to match university colours and we use a broad variety of fabric finishes and weights so our customers blend in seamlessly.

Each graduation gown we make is made from 70% recycled polyester which is manufactured from recycled plastic waste. This is then blended with 30% viscose for a soft finish. Every graduation gown contains a minimum of 550g of recycled plastic waste, which equates to at least 28 500ml plastic bottles. The final result is a soft fabric that looks and feels like gowns made by any other supplier.

Our mortarboards are made from a soft black felt material with a ribbon finish arround the base of the cap. A flexible cap and 'secure fit' elastic inside the headband ensure all of our mortarboards are a comfortable fit and stay in place on your graduation day.

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Academic dress of the University of Edinburgh

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Academic dress at the University of Edinburgh is compulsory at official ceremonial occasions, such as graduation and the installations of Rector and Chancellor , and otherwise optional, usually only worn for events.

• 1 Undergraduate dress
• 2 Graduate dress
• 4 University officials
• 5 External links

Undergraduate dress

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As with the other 'ancient universities' in Scotland, undergraduates at the University of Edinburgh are entitled to wear an undergraduate gown, made of scarlet Russell cord and cut in the London undergraduate shape. In recent times the undergraduate gown has been worn most commonly by members of the University choir and by students taking part in the traditional festivities surrounding the installation of the Rector.

Graduate dress

Graduates wear the gown of the highest degree conferred upon them with or without the appropriate hood, depending upon the occasion.

Male graduands are required to appear in black or dark coloured clothes, white collars, and white bow ties. Alternatively, either normal or full day Highland Dress may be worn with the appropriate hose. Female graduands are required to wear sleeved black or white dresses, or white blouses and dark skirts or trousers. Colours, apart from the hood, should not be worn.

Graduands for the degree of Doctor of Divinity, Doctor of Laws, Doctor of Medicine, Doctor of Dental Surgery, Doctor of Letters, Doctor of Science, Doctor of Music and Doctor of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery must appear for graduation in a gown of superfine scarlet cloth with loose sleeves.

Graduands for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy appear in a gown of black silk or stuff with long sleeves with three inch red facings down the front. All other graduands must wear a gown of black silk or stuff, with long sleeves, in the Cambridge M.A. shape but with an inverted-T armhole. All graduands must wear the hood appropriate to the degree which they are about to receive. Although academical caps do form part of the dress of the university, they are not worn or carried by graduands at the graduation ceremony; in full dress, Edinburgh doctors wear a black silk velvet 'John Knox' cap. [ citation needed ]

Hoods are of black silk (except Music hoods) in the special simple shape.

B.A. Black silk, lined with white silk and bordered with white fur

B.A. (Divinity) Black silk, lined with white silk, edged with white fur with a one-inch purple ribbon on the white silk

B.A. (Religious Studies) Black silk, lined with white silk, bordered with purple poplin three inches broad, and edged with white fur

B.Com. Black silk, lined with pale primrose yellow silk, and edged with white fur

B.D. Black silk, lined with purple silk, and bordered with white fur

B.Ed. Black silk, lined with pale blue silk and bordered with white fur

B.Eng. Black silk, lined with green silk, bordered with red poplin three inches broad and edged with white fur

B.Med.Sci. Black silk, lined with crimson silk, bordered with green poplin three inches broad and edged with white fur

B.Mus. Scarlet silk, with white silk lining, and edged with white fur

B.Nursing Black gown, black hood with white lining bordered with blue and edged with white fur

B.Sc. Black silk, lined with green silk, and bordered with white fur

B.Sc. Soc Sci Black silk, lined with deep turquoise silk, and edged with white fur

B.Sc. Social Work Black silk lined with mauve silk bordered with white fur

B.Sc. Vet Sci Black silk, lined with green silk, and bordered with white fur

B.Sc. Nursing Black silk, lined with deep turquoise silk, edged with white fur with 2-inch-wide (51 mm) ribbon bordered onto the turquoise

B.Tech. Black silk lined with half Pantone Green and half Reflex Blue

B.V.M&S Black silk, lined with maroon silk bordered with golden yellow poplin three inches broad, edged with white fur

Ch.M. Black velvet, lined with golden silk

D.D. Black cloth, with appended cape, lined and faced with purple silk

D.D.S. Black silk, lined with crimson silk, bordered with white silk three inches broad

D.Clin.Psychol Black cloth lined with silver grey silk bordered with deep turquoise silk three inches broad

Dr.hc' Black cloth, lined and faced with oatmeal coloured silk

D.Litt. Black cloth, lined with royal blue silk shot with maize colour

D.Mus. Rich scarlet cloth, lined with rich white corded silk

D.Psychol. Black silk lined with grey silk

D.Sc. Black cloth, lined with green silk

D.Sc Soc Sci Black cloth, lined with deep turquoise silk

D.V.M&S Black silk, lined with maroon silk bordered with golden yellow poplin three inches broad

Ed.D. Black gown with long sleeves with 3-inch red facings down the front. Black hood with blue lining bordered with red

Edinburgh College of Art: Undergraduate degrees : Bachelor of Arts (BA), Bachelor of Architecture (BArch), Master of Arts MA) Black gown, black hood with blue lining, purple lozenge and gold edging

Edinburgh College of Art: Postgraduate Diploma : (PG Dip) Black gown, black hood with blue lining, purple lozenge and red edging

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LIVE UPDATES: Pro-Palestine Protesters Begin Encampment in Harvard Yard

Editor’s note: This page reflects the news from the pro-Palestine encampment in Harvard Yard on Wednesday, April 24. For the latest news on the encampment, follow our updates for Thursday, April 25 .

Pro-Palestine organizers began an encampment in Harvard Yard on Wednesday to protest the Monday suspension of the Harvard Undergraduate Palestine Solidarity Committee and demand the University divest from Israel’s war in Gaza.

The encampment marks the largest protest on Harvard’s campus since former University President Claudine Gay resigned in early January .

A smaller number of students set up about 13 tents, as hundreds more people rallied in support in front of the John Harvard statue in Harvard Yard.

Starting on Sunday, the University restricted access to the Yard to only Harvard University ID holders in anticipation of pro-Palestine protests, and posted signs informing students that setting up tents or tables in the Yard without permission could subject them to disciplinary action.

The encampment is the latest in a string of widespread student demonstrations at campuses across the country. Students have been arrested for their participation in demonstrations at Yale, Columbia, and New York University. Nearby, at MIT, Emerson College, and Tufts University, students have set up encampments protesting the war in Gaza.

In a Monday interview, interim Harvard President Alan M. Garber ’76 declined to rule out using police in response to student protests, but said there would be a “very, very high bar” before their involvement. University officials have remained firmly in opposition to calls to boycott Israel.

Still, some students at the protests are prepared to be arrested, while another group is willing to face disciplinary action by the Harvard College Administrative Board, according to an organizer at the encampment.

The tents were set up as Harvard University Police Department officers watched, but they have not intervened thus far. The protest has remained peaceful so far.

Harvard spokesperson Jason A. Newton wrote in a statement Wednesday evening that University administrators “are closely monitoring the situation and are prioritizing the safety and security of the campus community.”

Sprinkler Struggles Continue — 4:05 a.m.

As protesters spend their first night in the Harvard Yard encampment, the biggest threat to their stay has not come from administrators or Harvard University police officers, but the Yard’s sprinklers.

Two more sprinklers turned on at the edge of the encampment near Massachusetts Hall. The sprinklers began to hit tents on the edge of the camp before protesters rushed over to covered the sprinklers with buckets and sit on them.

Sprinkler Turns on Inside Encampment — 3:50 a.m.

A sprinkler has turned on within the encampment, in the middle of the tents. A protester covered it immediately with a bucket, and is now seated on the bucket as a puddle forms around it. There is little movement among campers.

“Yellow team needs to come now,” a protester said on a phone call when the sprinkler turned on.

Sprinklers Disturb Sleeping Campers — 2:20 a.m.

As temperatures dipped to 36 degrees, sprinklers near University Hall have begun to turn on — though none on the grass within the encampment.

There is movement throughout the camp as protesters seem to start preparing for more, distributing buckets around various points of the perimeter.

All Quiet on the Encampment Front — 1:50 a.m.

The encampment has grown quiet as the night progresses and protesters are going to sleep. Over 30 tents have now been erected outside University Hall. A few volunteers are making rounds around the perimeter of the encampment.

Earlier in the evening, Dean Thomas Dunne told protesters to follow “quiet hours” which started at 11pm and will last until 7am. Protesters seem to be following Dunne’s guidelines so far.

Overnight Preparations — 11:31 p.m.

Organizers notified those at the encampment that the Yard’s sprinklers will go off at some point in the night, as regularly scheduled. They asked student protesters to bring their and others’ bags out of the encampment so they don’t get wet overnight.

As the weather gets colder into the night, organizers also reminded protestors of the stash of extra blankets and hand warmers. Temperatures are expected to dip into the low 30s overnight.

Harvard College Dean Rakesh Khurana is currently standing at the edge of the encampment and was seen walking near the perimeter.

Harvard Chabad Slams Yard Encampment — 11:28 p.m.

Harvard Chabad Rabbi Hirschy Zarchi called on the University to clear out the encampment in Harvard Yard in a statement posted to Chabad’s X account just before 11 p.m., referring to the protesters as “Jew haters and Hamas lovers.”

Zarchi wrote that he had heard from freshmen students who felt unsafe after hearing chants to “globalize the Intifada,” referring to the Arabic term for uprising. He also wrote that he had received calls from the parents of freshmen who were “frightened” that the encampment was continuing “in brazen defiance to the university’s explicit guidelines.”

Zarchi’s statement came as the first portion of Passover ended on Wednesday evening. When the encampment was first set up on Wednesday afternoon, many observant Jews were not working or using technology.

The Crimson could not independently verify that the phrase “globalize the intifada” was used during the protest. One video posted to X showed protesters chanting: “there is only one solution: intifada revolution!”

Harvard Divinity School student Shabbos “Alexander” Kestenbaum, who is suing the University over allegations of tolerating antisemitism on campus, also slammed the protest in a post on X after Passover ended.

“President Garber: expel these terrorist supporters NOW or resign,” Kestenbaum wrote. “We Jews have had enough of your inaction!”

A University spokesperson did not immediately respond to a request for comment.

DSO Discusses Safety, Rules With Encampment — 9:55 p.m.

Dean of Students Thomas Dunne told protesters to abide by “quiet hours” from 11 p.m. to 7 a.m.

Dunne said protesters should email him if non-Harvard affiliates arrive at the encampment, and he will “work to address” the situation. He added that, for “student safety,” no open flames would be permitted.

A security marshal for the protest emphasized that the protesters intend to remain strictly non-violent, and requested that the DSO provide warning before photographing student IDs.

HOOP Denies Chanting ‘Shame’ at Counter-Protesters — 7:34 p.m.

A spokesperson for Harvard Out of Occupied Palestine denied chanting “shame” at the men draped in Israeli flags.

“It is common practice at our protests to respond to rally speakers with ‘that's right’ or ‘shame,’” a spokesperson wrote. “There was no engagement with counter protesters (which is a policy of our coalition).”

“Any attempt to portray protesters' responses to rally speeches as an engagement with counter protesters is inaccurate and dishonest,” they added.

The Crimson previously reported that while there has been virtually no counter-protesters at Wednesday encampment, two men draped in Israeli flags briefly shouted “free the hostages” during speeches by pro-Palestine organizers. In response, some people in the crowd shouted “shame.”

Encampment Expands — 6:55 p.m.

Organizers have begun setting up eight tents in addition to the original 14 tents that were erected shortly after noon. With the additional tents, the encampment is spreading closer to Johnston Gate.

An organizer said that the tents will allow many more people to spend the night in the encampment. The tents were brought in by volunteers and donated by supporters.

Raging in Support of the Encampment — 6:41 p.m.

Videos of the protests circling on social media caught the attention of Rage Against the Machine guitarist Thomas B. Morello ’86, who encouraged the protesters in an X post Wednesday afternoon.

“Go Crimson! We did the same in 1986,” Morello posted. “Built shantytown in Harvard Yard to force university to divest from companies doing business with apartheid South Africa.”

In the late ’80s, Harvard significantly reduced its holdings in companies with ties to South Africa after sustained student activism demanding the University divest from institutions supporting apartheid — including erecting a shantytown and a symbolic ivory tower in the Yard.

In their manifesto, posted earlier today, Harvard Out of Occupied Palestine cited the South Africa divestment protests as a model for their activism.

“We are part of a rich tradition of students who stood up to U.S. imperialism in Vietnam and Iraq, rallied against apartheid in South Africa, fought for Black liberation in the United States, and built national living wage campaigns on university campuses,” the group wrote. “We understand that all of our historic movements for freedom and justice are intertwined.”

University Is ‘Closely Monitoring’ Encampment — 6:10 p.m.

Harvard spokesperson Jason A. Newton wrote in a statement Wednesday evening that “we are closely monitoring the situation and are prioritizing the safety and security of the campus community.”

Newton’s statement is the first formal communication from the University since the start of the encampment started roughly six hours ago.

Garber has not commented on the protest as of yet. Faculty of Arts and Sciences Dean Hopi E. Hoekstra declined to comment as she walked past the protest, saying she was on the way to pick up her son.

PSC Solicits Drop-Off Donations — 6:05 p.m.

The PSC publicized a Google form via Instagram soliciting drop-off donations and materials including tents, food, water, blankets, and sleeping bags.

The form also asks if responders have any “skills” to contribute, such as art, performance, and political education.

Syd D. Sanders ’24 passed out white roses, donated by an unknown supporter, to protesters inside and outside the encampment. Some roses were attached to the tents.

Brief Downpour Interrupts Teach-In — 5:52 p.m.

A brief downpour interrupted the teach-in. Prince A. Williams ’25, an organizer with the African and African American Resistance Organization and a Crimson Editorial editor, told protestors to head into the encampment.

The teach-in has not resumed although an organizer said he believes it will continue at a later period depending on the rain.

Amid Protests, Students Celebrate Last Day of Classes — 5:47 p.m.

Though pro-Palestine activists have staged an encampment in Harvard Yard, a very different day is unfolding for students elsewhere on campus, who are celebrating the last day of spring semester classes.

“Obviously, certain gates are closed, which makes me go a different route,” Vikram M. Kolli ’27 said. “But the center of campus is always crowded, especially with tourists.”

Many students gathered on Malkin Athletic Center lawn to celebrate the last day of classes with food trucks and music, just down the street from where dozens of students remained camped out.

“I’m not too surprised it’s happened,” Liam H. De Monaco ’24, a student on the MAC lawn, said of the ongoing protests. Still, De Monaco added that his last day of classes has gone largely undisturbed.

Even amidst on-and-off rain, the MAC lawn carnival remained largely festive, as students took advantage of free food and music to toast the semester’s end.

“It’s been pretty good,” Miguel Tejada, assistant director of student programs for the College, said of turnout at the MAC lawn. The event started about two and a half hours after protests began in Harvard Yard.

“Folks coming in and out, just to enjoy themselves, just to enjoy this last day,” he added.

Teach-In Begins — 5:20 p.m.

Protesters are beginning a teach-in titled “A History of Student Protest,” taking place on the grass adjacent to the encampment. More than 30 students are gathered around the grass while organizers distribute paper copies of call and response chants and lyrics to protest songs.

Williams, an organizer with the African and African American Resistance Organization, led chants and songs using a microphone.

“How’s our morale?” he called, to responses of “It’s high, it’s high, and it’s our duty to maintain.”

History of Science lecturer Erik Baker, who has taught courses on the history of activism, also spoke at the teach-in.

Though the teach-in was originally scheduled for 3 p.m., it began a little after 5 p.m. Protesters have remained in the Yard for more than five hours.

Otto’s Pizza was donated around 2 p.m., according to protesters. It included toppings such as black olives and sliced mozzarella cheese.

Encampment Sees Little Pro-Israel Pushback — 5:13 p.m.

There are few counter-protesters at the encampment — a notable difference from rallies in the past, which drew at least a small group of pro-Israeli protesters.

The absence is likely due to the restrictions on entry to the Yard, which is limited only to Harvard University ID holders.

Earlier during the larger rally at noon, two men with Israeli flags draped around them stood with the crowd and shouted “free the hostages” during speeches. Protesters chanted back “shame.”

One counterprotester has remained on the scene almost five hours in, observing at a distance.

Nathan B. Gershengorn ’26, the president of Harvard Hillel, declined to comment. He remained observing the encampment from a distance.

Demonstration Settles Down — 4:42 p.m.

As the encampment has settled down, protesters are standing among the tents and conversing in groups. Students are freely ducking in and out under the ropes that typically fence off the grass in the Yard and now serve as a perimeter for the encampment.

HGSU Warns Student-Workers Not To Stop Work Amid Demonstration — 4:24 p.m.

In an email to members, United Auto Workers-Harvard Graduate Student Union warned that student-workers could face disciplinary action if they violated Article 34 of the HGSU contract, which forbids work stoppages.

“If you violate this clause of the contract, you may face work-related discipline,” the union wrote. “This doesn’t mean it will always happen, but they have the right to. The union also cannot, per this clause, encourage you to engage in any such actions.”

They added that student-workers suspected of violating the contract would be notified in writing by the University and are entitled to union support through the disciplinary process.

“Our union fully respects the right of our workers to dissent, protest, and fight to make this world a more just place for us all,” the union wrote in the email. “The union has, since October of last year, democratically decided through several votes to endorse ceasefire and divestment resolutions and the divestment petition that the encampment is currently protesting in support of.”

Students Pray at Harvard Yard Encampment — 4:24 p.m.

The protesters set up a makeshift prayer tent by holding up keffiyehs in a row so members of the group could pray without being seen. A man started filming the barricade but observed from a distance.

The students are praying Asr, the third Muslim prayer in a sequence of five daily prayers. It usually occurs between noon and sunset. An organizer said they held up the keffiyehs to protect students’ privacy.

Security Turns Away Tourists, Affiliates From Entering Harvard Yard — 4:22 p.m.

As pro-Palestine organizers mounted their encampment in Harvard Yard, Securitas guards limited entry only to Harvard University ID holders, turning away several visitors and at least one Harvard affiliate who forgot her ID.

A Securitas guard stationed at Widener Gate told The Crimson that he had stopped people from entering who were not Harvard affiliates, saying “no visitors, no other people.”

One protester said that their friend — who did not have a Harvard ID — was barred from entering to join the encampment.

The security restrictions have impacted Harvard affiliates as well. A junior fellow at the Harvard Society of Fellows said she forgot her ID at home and was not allowed to enter the yard.

“I was going to show my Harvard official email or a photo of my ID but apparently today that’s not allowed,” she said, adding that the restrictions inconvenienced her commute to a meeting.

A Securitas employee at the gate instructed her to call HUPD if she wanted to enter without a physical ID.

“I don’t think this is fair on any member of the community that they deem to protect and respect,” the junior fellow said.

A tourist visiting the square — who was turned away from the yard — said he and his friends were “intimidated by the security guards.”

Harvard Out of Occupied Palestine Releases Demands — 4:07 p.m.

In a post on Mondoweiss, a progressive Jewish news website, Harvard Out of Occupied Palestine outlined their demands for Harvard to disclose and divest from any institutional or financial investments in “Israel, the ongoing genocide in Gaza, and the occupation of Palestine.”

They also called for the University to drop disciplinary action against student organizers “and commit to ending the weaponization of disciplinary policy,” following the suspension of the Palestine Solidarity Committee on Monday.

“In the past seven months, our protests against the intensifying genocidal campaign in Gaza have been met with repression, administrative targeting, willfully racist attacks (including from politicians and faculty members), and arbitrary policy changes designed to silence our voices,” the group wrote. “We will not be deterred. By launching this demonstration, we renew our commitment to protest Harvard’s moral, institutional, and financial complicity in the genocide of Palestinians.”

The American Civil Liberties Union of Massachusetts also denounced the suspension of the PSC in a Wednesday letter, accusing Harvard of unfairly targeting the PSC. Harvard College Dean Rakesh Khurana defended the decision on Tuesday and said the College enforces policy in a content-neutral manner.

Harvard has also repeatedly rejected calls for a boycott of Israeli institutions — something Garber repeated in a Monday interview .

In their statement, HOOP wrote that their demonstration, which mirrors pro-Palestine demonstrations sweeping the country, “is grounded in Palestinian values of sumoud — Arabic for steadfastness — and love for life.”

“The whole world is watching a genocide unfold before its eyes. We raise our voices to join the chorus of millions demanding an immediate and permanent ceasefire in Gaza, an end to the occupation, and a free Palestine from the river to the sea,” they wrote.

Protesters Prepare for Rain, Wind — 3:55 p.m.

As forecasts suggest impending rain in Cambridge, protesters are reorganizing the encampment, condensing tents in front of the John Harvard statue.

Two tents nearly blew away as wind picked up in the Yard. “We gotta stake ’em,” one organizer yelled to the group.

Organizers have stocked large quantities of food and water as a small group of students prepare to stay the night in the encampment.

In an Instagram post, the Palestine Solidarity Committee and Harvard Out of Occupied Palestine wrote that the artists behind “Leaf Litter,” an installation in Harvard Yard for the Harvard Arts First Festival, took down their piece in solidarity with the protesters.

“THIS is what solidarity looks like,” the groups wrote. “Grateful for our comrades — no business as usual until DISCLOSURE + DIVESTMENT is met!”

Organizers Tell Protesters To Not Speak With Administrators — 3:33 p.m.

Organizers have instructed protesters not to talk to Harvard officials if approached. While the group must show their Harvard University ID cards if asked, they do not plan to engage with the University.

As a significant portion of the initial crowd dispersed, the protesters remaining in the encampment held a meeting for the coming day.

When an organizer asked how many protesters intended to stay the night in the encampment, which they have named the “Harvard Liberated Zone,” about 20 people raised their hands.

Netanyahu Releases Statement on Antisemitism at College Campuses — 2:35 p.m.

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu released a two minute video on X comparing the situation at American college campuses to “German universities in the 1930s.”

Speaking in English, Netanyahu said that “antisemitic mobs have taken over leading universities.”

“They call for the annihilation of Israel. They attack Jewish students. They attack Jewish faculty,” he said. “This is reminiscent of what happened in German universities in the 1930s.”

“It’s unconscionable. It has to be stopped,” he added.

Netanyahu attended MIT as an undergraduate, where he cross-registered to take classes at Harvard.

MIT affiliates are also currently staging an encampment to protest the war in Gaza. Harvard pro-Palestine protesters traveled to MIT on Friday to rally in solidarity with students in the encampment there.

Students Prepare for Disciplinary Action — 2:31 p.m.

According to a PSC organizer at the encampment, the pro-Palestine protesters are split into four different levels of risk involvement, with some — the “red team” willing to be arrested.

Another group, the “pink team,” is expecting to face disciplinary action from the Harvard College Administrative Board, the organizer said. A “yellow team” is in charge of coordinating virtually with the protesters and providing supplies, while the “green team” are volunteers taking on little to no risk of being arrested or facing College disciplinary action.

More than 100 protesters remain in the Yard.

Encampment Comes As Jewish Affiliates Celebrate Passover — 2:14 p.m.

The pro-Palestine encampment comes on the second day of Passover.

Harvard Hillel Campus Rabbi Getzel Davis observed the encampment with some students, but said he could not comment due to the holiday, during which observant Jews abstain from working or using technology.

Students Remain at ‘Harvard Liberated Zone’ — 2:11 p.m.

In an Instagram post around 2:07 p.m., the Palestine Solidarity Committee posted a schedule for what they called the “Harvard Liberated Zone,” including a teach-in on the history of student protests, an “art build,” and breaks for dinner and mental health.

The caption of the post read “DAY 1 SCHEDULE,” suggesting that students intend to stay in the Yard for multiple days.

More than 100 students remained cheering as protesters continued dancing around the encampment.

Harvard Medical School instructor Lara Z. Jirmanus, who is affiliated with Faculty and Staff for Justice in Palestine, said no faculty are intending to sleep in the encampment overnight.

“I do believe there are faculty who are committed to staying late in support of the students,” she wrote to The Crimson.

Harvard Police Monitoring As Protesters Prepare to Stay Overnight — 1:49 p.m.

HUPD spokesperson Steven G. Catalano, coming out of University Hall, told The Crimson that HUPD became aware of plans for protest on Wednesday morning and is currently “monitoring the situation.”

The Cambridge Police Department is not involved in the response to the protest, CPD spokesperson Robert Goulston wrote in an email. “We have not had a role, or any resources dedicated to maintaining the closure of Harvard Yard,” he wrote.

Several HUPD officers are stationed at the door of Massachusetts Hall, where interim Harvard President Alan M. Garber ’76 and other top administrators work.

According to a PSC organizer, the group stored encampment equipment in upperclassman Houses over the last three days before smuggling them into Harvard Yard to store in freshman dorms overnight. The equipment was then brought out into the Yard lawn as the protest began.

About 30 people are expected to sleep in the encampment overnight, an organizer estimated. Some organizers have also begun bringing camp toilets to the gathering.

The crowd surrounding the encampment, which numbered more than 500 at its peak, has largely dispersed. Those who remained began line dancing around the encampment while holding hands.

According to a Securitas officer stationed at the back door of University Hall, the Faculty Council — including Faculty of Arts and Sciences Dean Hopi E. Hoeskra — is scheduled to meet at 3 p.m. in the Faculty Room for a regularly scheduled session.

The guard said he has so far not been informed that the meeting is canceled.

Demands, Chanting Ceases — 1:36 p.m.

“We’ll be here until divestment,” an organizer announced to the crowd, which has shrunk since the tents began going up in preparation for the encampment.

“We demand that Harvard University disclose any and all investments, both institutional and financial, in Israel and the ongoing genocide in Gaza and in the occupation of Palestine,” another organizer told the crowd. “We demand that the administration drop all charges against students for their organizing and activism and commit to ending the weaponization of their disciplinary policies.”

“We demand that Harvard divest from all of their investments in genocide and reinvest resources in Palestinian academic initiatives, communities, and culture,” they said.

The chanting then ceased as the group prepared to play a statement from the PSC on their suspension.

One organizer said that students raised $12,000 from alumni to fund the encampment.

Some faculty have also lined up to watch the protest, with some arriving in their Commencement robes and regalia.

History Prof. Walter Johnson Says ‘No Tense Communication’ Between Protesters and Police — 1:20 p.m.

Harvard History professor Walter Johnson, standing by Massachusetts Hall near other professors and HUPD officers, said there has been “no tense communication” between protesters and the police so far. He said he is acting as the police liaison on behalf of protesters.

The protest has been organized and nonviolent, Johnson said. An HUPD officer nearby laughed and agreed that communication has been smooth.

Johnson was a former faculty advisor for the PSC before resigning after the organization published a widely-condemned cartoon with an antisemitic image. Johnson also resigned from his position as a member of the Faculty and Staff for Justice in Palestine.

Organizers were seen carrying sleeping bags and pillows into the encampment.

Encampment Starts Days After PSC Suspended — 1:14 p.m.

The encampment comes two days after Harvard College suspended the Palestine Solidarity Committee for violating college policies on hosting on-campus events with non-Harvard and unrecognized student groups .

In an email to the PSC, the College informed the group that if they failed to “cease all organizational activities for the remainder of the Spring 2024 term,” the group may be permanently expelled. The group had previously been put on probation last month.

“The organization will not be recognized and will not have access to university benefits and services during this time, including but not limited to use of campus space and appropriate use of the Harvard name,” the email said.

The PSC had held a protest last Friday in solidarity with protesters at Columbia University, who were removed by the NYPD last week.

Harvard Faculty for Justice in Palestine Speaks — 12:56 p.m.

Harvard professor Vijay Iyer, a member of Faculty and Staff for Justice in Palestine, called for the University to reinstate the PSC in a speech at the demonstration. FSJP posted on its Instagram condemning Harvard’s suspension of the PSC on Monday.

“We encourage the Harvard administration to refrain from any retaliation against the students,” Iyer said at the protest.

“We stand with the ACLU in standing with the Harvard PSC,” Iyer added. “We reject the university’s use of language and safety to stifle protest.” The Massachusetts chapter of the ACLU sent a letter to Harvard Wednesday calling on the University to reinstate the PSC and claiming the suspension would have a chilling effect on student speech.

Organizers have also begun to arrive on the scene with food, water, and other supplies for the encampment.

Encampment Begins — 12:49 p.m.

Protesters flooded into the Yard from various freshman dorms, cheering and carrying tent equipment. Multiple tents have already been erected on the patch of lawn in front of the John Harvard statue.

The encampment in Harvard Yard comes after similar protests at Columbia University, Yale University, MIT, and more across the country. At Columbia, Yale, and New York University, protesters have been arrested for their participation.

In a Monday interview with The Crimson , Garber said while he would not rule out police response to a protest like the one currently erupting in the Yard, it would require a “very high bar.”

Harvard College Dean Rakesh Khurana declined to comment in a Tuesday interview on whether he would support a potential call from Garber to resort to police response.

‘Time To March’ — 12:30 p.m.

An organizer announced to the now more than 500-person group that it was “time to march.”

Organizers with the Palestine Solidarity Committee — which was suspended by the University on Tuesday — have lined up along all pathways leading to University Hall.

Some other protesters gathered in the Yard with tents, tarps, and sleeping bags, which appear to have been stored overnight in freshman dormitories.

An organizer addressed the crowd, asking them to “break your silence.”

“Our administration has proven time and time again that it cares more about the whims of its donors than the safety of its students,” the organizer said. “It is unsurprising that Harvard, an institution that materially support Israel’s violence, has made yet another move to curb student protest of the Zionist state, even as that entity is an agent of genocide, apartheid, and settler colonialism.”

“We call on you to share our anger as a starting part to continue and constant mobilization,” they continued. “Now more than ever, when Harvard most wants for us to be silent, we have a duty to speak out louder than ever. Free free Palestine.”

According to an HUPD officer stationed on the scene, they have been instructed to keep students safe and allow protests to proceed unless they become violent or destructive.

Protesters Chant — 12:23 p.m.

Protesters engaged in a call and repeat of a portion of the PSC press release in response to Harvard College’s decision to suspend the organization. Previously, the group also chanted, “What do we want? Justice! When do we want it? Now!” and “Shut it down.”

Inside University Hall, the “committee on promotions and appointments” is meeting, per a sign taped to the back door of the building.

The crowd of protesters has also pulled out umbrellas against the rain.

Students Gather at John Harvard — 11:59 a.m.

Roughly 200 students, some donning yellow safety vests, have gathered at the John Harvard statue in preparation of the protest.

Several protesters are also carrying signs emblazoned with the logo of United Auto Workers — the parent union many graduate students and academic workers at Harvard are organized under.

Harvard University Police officers and vehicles have also established presence in the area, though they claim to be stationed for the Arts First Festival, which begins Wednesday. Access to University Hall, which houses administrative offices for the College and Faculty of Arts and Sciences, has been restricted, according to a security guard stationed by the entrance.

—Staff writers Michelle N. Amponsah, Sally E. Edwards, Rahem D. Hamid, Miles J. Herszenhorn, Matan H. Josephy, Cam E. Kettles, Joyce E. Kim, Azusa M. Lippit, Asher J. Montgomery, Tilly R. Robinson, Elias J. Schisgall, Neil H. Shah, and Claire Yuan contributed reporting.

• Schools & departments

English Literature PhD

Awards: PhD

Study modes: Full-time, Part-time

Funding opportunities

Programme website: English Literature

Upcoming Introduction to Postgraduate Study and Research events

Join us online on the 19th June or 26th June to learn more about studying and researching at Edinburgh.

Choose your event and register

Research profile

Doctorate-level study is an opportunity to expand upon your interests and expertise in a community that really values research; and to make an original, positive contribution to learning in literature and related fields.

As the oldest department of English Literature in the UK, based in one of the largest and most diverse Schools in the University of Edinburgh, we are the ideal place for PhD study.

Our interdisciplinary environment brings together specialists in all periods and genres of literature and literary analysis.

Research excellence

Based on our performance in the latest Research Excellence Framework (REF), over 90 per cent of our research and impact is classed as world-leading and internationally excellent by Research Professional. 69 per cent is graded at the world-leading level – the highest of REF’s four categories.

In Times Higher Education's REF analysis, English at Edinburgh is ranked fifth in the UK (out of more than 90 institutions) for:

• the overall quality of our publications and other outputs
• the impact of our research on people’s lives
• our supportive research environment

Given the breadth and depth of our expertise, we are able to support students wishing to develop research projects in any field of Anglophone literary studies. These include American studies, literary and critical theory, the history of the book, gender and sexuality studies, and global Anglophone literatures - where our specialisms include Pacific, African, South Asian, and African-American writing.

We have particular strengths in each of the main periods of English and Scottish Literature:

• Renaissance/early modern
• Enlightenment
• 21st century
• Contemporary

Emergent research themes in the department include the digital humanities, the economic humanities, the environmental humanities and literature and medicine.

• Explore our range of research centres, networks and projects in English and Scottish Literature

Working with colleagues elsewhere in the School of Literatures, Languages and Cultures, and across the wider University, we are able to support PhD theses crossing boundaries between disciplines and/or languages.

• Be inspired by the range of PhD research in the School of Literatures, Languages and Cultures

Over the course of your PhD, you’ll be expected to complete an original body of work under the expert guidance of your supervisors leading to a dissertation of usually between 80,000 and 100,000 words.

You will be awarded your doctorate if your thesis is judged to be of an appropriate standard, and your research makes a definite contribution to knowledge.

• Read our pre-application guidance on writing a PhD research proposal

Go beyond the books

Beyond the Books is a podcast from the School of Literatures, Languages and Cultures (LLC) that gives you a behind-the-scenes look at research and the people who make it happen.

Listen to a mix of PhD, early career and established researchers talk about their journey to and through academia and about their current and recent research.

• Browse Beyond the Books episodes and hear our research community talk about their work

Training and support

Between the School of Literatures, Languages and Cultures (LLC), the Careers Service, and the Institute for Academic Development (IAD), you’ll find a range of programmes and resources to help you develop your postgraduate skills.

You will also have access to the University’s fantastic libraries, collections and worldwide strategic partnerships.

Part of a community

As part of our research community, you will be immersed in a world of knowledge exchange, with lots of opportunities to share ideas, learning and creative work.

Activities range from talks by visiting speakers and work-in-progress seminars, to reading groups, conferences, workshops, performances, online journals and forums, many of which are led by PhD candidates.

Highlights include student reading for the James Tait Black Prizes, Britain's oldest literary awards which typically involve reading submissions across fiction and biography and advising the judges on the shortlists.

• Read an interview with 2022 James Tait Black reader, Céleste Callen

Our graduates tell us that they value the friendliness of the School of Literatures, Languages and Cultures (LLC), the connections they make here and the in-depth guidance they receive from our staff, who are published experts in their field.

A UNESCO World City of Literature, Edinburgh is a remarkable place to study, write, publish, discuss and perform prose, poetry and drama.

Take a PhD with us and you will be based in the School of Literatures, Languages and Cultures (LLC) in the historic centre of this world-leading festival city.

You will have access to the University’s many literary treasures. These include the libraries of:

• William Drummond
• Lewis Grassic Gibbon
• Hugh MacDiarmid
• Norman MacCaig

The Centre for Research Collections holds the W.H. Auden collection; the Corson Collection of works by and about Sir Walter Scott; and the Ramage collection of poetry pamphlets.

It also holds a truly exceptional collection of early Shakespeare quartos and other early modern printed plays put together by the 19th century Shakespearean James Halliwell-Phillipps, the correspondence of Thomas and Jane Welsh Carlyle (the focus of one of the major editorial projects in Victorian studies of the last half-century), and the extensive Laing collection of medieval and early modern manuscripts, as well as letters and papers by - and relating to - authors including:

• Christopher Isherwood
• Rudyard Kipling
• John Middleton Murry
• Walter de la Mare
• George Mackay Brown
• Compton Mackenzie

Many of the University's Special Collections are digitised and available online from our excellent Resource Centre, Computing Labs, and dedicated PhD study space in the School of Literatures, Languages and Cultures (LLC).

Look inside the PhD study space in LLC

In the city

Our buildings are close to the National Library of Scotland (where collections include the Bute Collection of early modern English drama and the John Murray Archive), Edinburgh Central Library, Scottish Poetry Library, Scottish Storytelling Centre, Writers’ Museum and a fantastic range of publishing houses, bookshops, and theatres.

We have strong links with the Edinburgh International Book Festival, which annually welcomes around 1,000 authors to our literary city.

Entry requirements

These entry requirements are for the 2024/25 academic year and requirements for future academic years may differ. Entry requirements for the 2025/26 academic year will be published on 1 Oct 2024.

A UK masters, or its international equivalent, with a mark of at least 65% in your English literature dissertation of at least 10,000 words.

If your masters programme did not include a dissertation or included a dissertation that was unmarked or less than 10,000 words, you will be expected to produce an exceptional research proposal and personal statement to show your ability to undertake research at the level required by this programme.

International qualifications

Check whether your international qualifications meet our general entry requirements:

• Entry requirements by country
• English language requirements

Regardless of your nationality or country of residence, you must demonstrate a level of English language competency at a level that will enable you to succeed in your studies.

English language tests

We accept the following English language qualifications at the grades specified:

• IELTS Academic: total 7.0 with at least 6.5 in each component. We do not accept IELTS One Skill Retake to meet our English language requirements.
• TOEFL-iBT (including Home Edition): total 100 with at least 23 in each component. We do not accept TOEFL MyBest Score to meet our English language requirements.
• C1 Advanced ( CAE ) / C2 Proficiency ( CPE ): total 185 with at least 176 in each component.
• Trinity ISE : ISE III with passes in all four components.
• PTE Academic: total 70 with at least 62 in each component.

Your English language qualification must be no more than three and a half years old from the start date of the programme you are applying to study, unless you are using IELTS , TOEFL, Trinity ISE or PTE , in which case it must be no more than two years old.

Degrees taught and assessed in English

We also accept an undergraduate or postgraduate degree that has been taught and assessed in English in a majority English speaking country, as defined by UK Visas and Immigration:

• UKVI list of majority English speaking countries

We also accept a degree that has been taught and assessed in English from a university on our list of approved universities in non-majority English speaking countries (non-MESC).

• Approved universities in non-MESC

If you are not a national of a majority English speaking country, then your degree must be no more than five years old* at the beginning of your programme of study. (*Revised 05 March 2024 to extend degree validity to five years.)

Find out more about our language requirements:

Fees and costs

Scholarships and funding, featured funding.

There are a number of scholarship schemes available to eligible candidates on this PhD programme, including awards from the Arts and Humanities Research Council.

Please be advised that many scholarships have more than one application stage, and early deadlines.

• Find out more about scholarships in literatures, languages and cultures

Other funding opportunities

Search for scholarships and funding opportunities:

• Search for funding

Further information

• Phone: +44 (0)131 650 4086
• Contact: [email protected]
• School of Literatures, Languages & Cultures
• 50 George Square
• Central Campus
• Programme: English Literature
• School: Literatures, Languages & Cultures
• College: Arts, Humanities & Social Sciences

Select your programme and preferred start date to begin your application.

PhD English Literature - 3 Years (Full-time)

Phd english literature - 6 years (part-time), application deadlines.

Due to high demand, the school operates a number of selection deadlines. We will make a small number of offers to the most outstanding candidates on an ongoing basis, but hold the majority of applications until the next published selection deadline when we will offer a proportion of the places available to applicants selected through a competitive process.

Deadlines for applicants applying to study in 2024/25:

• How to apply

You must submit two references with your application.

The online application process involves the completion of a web form and the submission of supporting documents.

For a PhD programme, you should include:

• a sample of written work of about 3,000 words (this can be a previous piece of work from an undergraduate or masters degree)
• a research proposal - a detailed description of what you hope to achieve and how
• Pre-application guidance

Before you formally apply for this PhD, you should look at the pre-application information and guidance on the programme website.

This will help you decide if this programme is right for you, and help us gain a clearer picture of what you hope to achieve.

The guidance will also give you practical advice for writing your research proposal – one of the most important parts of your application.

Find out more about the general application process for postgraduate programmes: