best websites for engineering research papers

28 Best Academic Search Engines That make your research easier

If you’re a researcher or scholar, you know that conducting effective online research is a critical part of your job. And if you’re like most people, you’re always on the lookout for new and better ways to do it.

This article aims to give you an edge over researchers that rely mainly on Google for their entire research process.

Table of Contents

#1. Google Scholar

Google Scholar is an academic search engine that indexes the full text or metadata of scholarly literature across an array of publishing formats and disciplines.

#2. ERIC (Education Resources Information Center)

ERIC (short for educational resources information center) is a great academic search engine that focuses on education-related literature. It is sponsored by the U.S. Department of Education and produced by the Institute of Education Sciences.

ERIC indexes over a million articles, reports, conference papers, and other resources on all aspects of education from early childhood to higher education. So, search results are more relevant to Education on ERIC.

ERIC is a free online database of education-related literature.

#3. Wolfram Alpha

Wolfram Alpha is a “computational knowledge engine” that can answer factual questions posed in natural language. It can be a useful search tool.

Wolfram Alpha can also be used to find academic articles. Just type in your keywords and Wolfram Alpha will generate a list of academic articles that match your query.

#4. iSEEK Education

iSEEK is a search engine targeting students, teachers, administrators, and caregiver. It’s designed to be safe with editor-reviewed content.

iSEEK Education is free to use.

#5. BASE (Bielefeld Academic Search Engine)

CORE is an academic search engine that focuses on open access research papers. A link to the full text PDF or complete text web page is supplied for each search result. It’s academic search engine dedicated to open access research papers.

#7. Science.gov

#8. semantic scholar, #9. refseek.

This is one of the free search engines that feels like Yahoo with a massive directory. It could be good when you are just looking for research ideas from unexpected angles. It could lead you to some other database that you might not know such as the CIA The World Factbook, which is a great reference tool.

#10. ResearchGate

A mixture of social networking site + forum + content databases where researchers can build their profile, share research papers, and interact with one another.

#11. DataONE Search (formerly CiteULike)

#12. dataelixir , #13. lazyscholar – browser extension, #14. citeseerx – digital library from penstate, #15. the lens – patents search , #16. fatcat – wiki for bibliographic catalog , #17. lexis web – legal database, #18. infotopia – part of the vlrc family, #19. virtual learning resources center, #21. worldwidescience.

Over 70 countries’ databases are used on the website. When a user enters a query, it contacts databases from all across the world and shows results in both English and translated journals and academic resources.

#22. Google Books

A user can browse thousands of books on Google Books, from popular titles to old titles, to find pages that include their search terms. You can look through pages, read online reviews, and find out where to buy a hard copy once you find the book you are interested in.

#23. DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals)

#24. baidu scholar, #25. pubmed central, #26. medline®.

MEDLINE® is a paid subscription database for life sciences and biomedicine that includes more than 28 million citations to journal articles. For finding reliable, carefully chosen health information, Medline Plus provides a powerful search tool and even a dictionary.

Defunct Academic Search Engines

#27. microsoft academic .

Microsoft Academic

#28. Scizzle

Final thoughts.

There are many academic search engines that can help researchers and scholars find the information they need. This list provides a variety of options, starting with more familiar engines and moving on to less well-known ones.

10 thoughts on “28 Best Academic Search Engines That make your research easier”

Thank you so much Joannah..I have found this information useful to me as librarian in an academic library

You are welcome! We are happy to hear that!

Thank You Team, for providing a comprehensive list of academic search engines that can help make research easier for students and scholars. The variety of search engines included offers a range of options for finding scholarly articles, journals, and other academic resources. The article also provides a brief summary of each search engine’s features, which helps in determining which one is the best fit for a specific research topic. Overall, this article is a valuable resource for anyone looking for a quick and easy way to access a wealth of academic information.

We appreciate your support and thank you for your kind words. We will continue to provide valuable resources for students and researchers in the future. Please let us know if you have any further questions or suggestions.

No more questions Thank You

I cannot thank you enough!!! thanks alot 🙂

Typography animation is a technique that combines text and motion to create visually engaging and dynamic animations. It involves animating individual letters, words, or phrases in various ways to convey a message, evoke emotions, or enhance the visual impact of a design or video. – Typography Animation Techniques Tools and Online Software {43}

Expontum – Helps researchers quickly find knowledge gaps and identify what research projects have been completed before. Expontum is free, open access, and available to all globally with no paid versions of the site. Automated processes scan research article information 24/7 so this website is constantly updating. By looking at over 35 million research publications (240 million by the end of 2023), the site has 146 million tagged research subjects and 122 million tagged research attributes. Learn more about methodology and sources on the Expontum About Page ( https://www.expontum.com/about.php )

Hey Ryan, I clicked and checked your site and thought it was very relevant to our reader. Thank you for sharing. And, we will be reviewing your site soon.

Sounds good! Thanks, Joannah!

Some of the best academic journals that help engineers.

Academic journals are an intrinsic part of being a professional in any field. get your hands on the best research material and updates in your field.

Kashyap Vyas

Some of the best academic journals that help engineers.

If you are an engineer, you would know the importance of being updated with the latest research in your field.

Moreover, as an engineer, it is also interesting to publish your own research in a peer-reviewed journal so that you can get feedback from experts and other colleagues in your field.

If you are passionate about engineering and your field of studying, you must definitely know about all the popular journals with high impact factors so that you have a source of authentic research and news in your subject area.

If you have been researching in your particular engineering field and are looking to publish your findings in a journal with a high impact factor, this list will come in handy for you. You can send your draft to one or more of these journals to get a review done.

Once the paper is approved, it will be published in the journal. Depending on the type of journal, the overall time to publish an article might range between 3 months to 1 year or even more.

However, it is always best to check the impact factor of the journal before selecting it to get your article published or even to consider the veracity of its published work.

Based on a high impact factor, let’s check out some of the best journals for engineers!

1. Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal

best websites for engineering research papers

The Engineering Science and Technology (JESTECH) is an international journal that is published quarterly. It is a peer-reviewed journal that publishes original articles and not the ones that are already published.

The research focus of this journal lies in the field of engineering as well as applied sciences. The main themes or subjects that this journal includes are Electrical Engineering, Computer Science Engineering, Electronics Engineering, Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Material and Metallurgical Engineering and other topics within these broad subjects.

The publishing service to this journal is given by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Karabuk University. Hence, the process of peer reviewing comes under the responsibility of Karabuk University.

The journal publishes papers on high-quality experiments as well as theoretical papers. However, the paper needs to be unique with no prior publication in any other platform.

The Source Normalized Impact Per Paper is 2.018. Hence, the journal holds high credibility in the field.

2. European Journal of Computational Mechanics

European Journal of Computational Mechanics

The European Journal of Computational Mechanics is a mechanical engineering journal that publishes six issues every year. The journal aims to publish innovative research and findings related to methodologies of computational modeling.

The publication of this journal started in 2006. It publishes research studies related to numerical methods as well as their application to simulations of problems related to engineering in materials, structures, fluids, and solids.

It also presents innovative solutions and applications to complex problems that arise in mechanical engineering. Overall, the journal aims to promote interactions within modeling approaches in order to apply them to various areas.

You can also publish review articles about new and upcoming topics related to computational mechanics. The journal is published by Taylor & Francis so the credibility can be highly trusted.

However, the articles in the journal solely have the thoughts and findings of the researchers and Taylor & Francis do not take responsibility for them. Nevertheless, the journal can be a trusted one for research related to Computational Mechanics in Mechanical Engineering.

3. The Journal for Engineering Education

Journal for Engineering Education

The Research Journal for Engineering Education (JEE) is published by Wiley Online Library. It aims to promote knowledge and scholarly research in the field of engineering education.

It focuses on multiple research areas within the five broad areas. The first area is the engineering assessments that cover the topics related to assessment instruments, metrics, and methods.

Second, it includes engineering diversity and inclusiveness that covers the behavioral aspects of engineering and its contribution to products and processes. Third, topics related to engineering learning systems including institutional practices as well as instructional cultures are covered.

Fourth, learning mechanisms in engineering that includes topics related to how learners can develop competencies and knowledge can be seen. Lastly, various engineering epistemologies can be included like what engineering knowledge and thinking comprise of.

Hence, it can be considered a reliable journal for getting acquainted with or publishing topics that cover engineering education in a profound way.

4. IEEE Engineering Journal

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers/Wikimedia Commons

The IEEE engineering journal is published by the world’s largest organization for technical advancement. The journal aims to publish innovative research related to engineering technology so as to inspire the world and make it more comfortable for everyone.

IEEE offers a range of high-quality publications to facilitate the exchange of information and technical knowledge amongst technology enthusiasts and professionals.

The IEEE Xplore Digital Library archives all the interesting research publications that can be of interest to engineering and technology enthusiasts.

It is a trustworthy name so you can definitely trust the publications of this journal.

5. Energy, Science & Engineering

Energy, Science & Engineering

The Energy, Science & Engineering is a peer-reviewed journal published in collaboration with Wiley Online and Society of Chemical Industry (SCI). As the name suggests, it focuses on research related to energy supply and its use.

With the help of innovative research, the journal aims to inspire people around the world to find innovative solutions to deal with the energy challenges that are faced by people in the 21st century.

It also wants to facilitate collaborative research between engineers, scientists, and researchers globally by reaching out to a wider audience.

It is a multidisciplinary journal that not only appeals to researchers and professionals in the academia but also people working with the government, policymakers, economists, etc.

The topics in the journal range from energy systems, fossil fuels, energy policy, nuclear energy to impact of electricity, heat, and fuels on the environment, economic policies, planning and legislation on energy and much more.

6. SAE International Journal of Engines

SAE International

The SAE International Journal of Engines aims to publish scholarly research on internal combustion and engine science in the field of engineering. The journal wants to become a trusted source for researchers as well as engineers in the field of engine development.

It publishes technical articles and reports that are bound to have a long-term impact on the development and design of engines.

It is a peer-review journal and is recognized internationally so you can trust the research articles and research papers published in the journal.

The main themes of this journal are engine combustion and emissions, engine design and analysis, engine durability and wear, engine efficiency, engine noise, vibration, and harshness. However, the articles are not just limited to these themes.

The SAE International Journal of Engines has also recently partnered with Publons to expand its horizons. The journal serves as an important source for mechanical engineers interested in engines.

7. Advanced Materials

Advanced Materials

Advanced Materials is a journal published by Wiley Online Library. It has been publishing high-quality research articles, top-quality reviews, and reports related to Material Sciences for more than thirty years.

It targets chemists, physicists, metallurgists, ceramicists, engineers, and material scientists. The journal is considered inter-disciplinary and has recently been spectacular in its performance.

It has a new and improved impact factor of 21.95, significantly increasing its value. Its major themes include nanotechnology, superconductors, photovoltaics, solar cells, lasers, sensors, thermoelectric, batteries, nanomaterials, diamond, nanoparticles, nanowires, and much more.

The journal aims to publish articles and cutting-edge research that would benefit scholars, academicians, and students who are interested in enhancing their knowledge in this field. They can also publish their research in this journal to reach out to a wide audience.

8. Nature Nanotechnology

Nature Nanotechnology

Nature Nanotechnology is a journal published every month and has research papers from scientists and researchers in the field of nanotechnology and nanoscience. The journal has a team of professional editors who work full-time and make all the decisions regarding the publications.

The main themes covered by this journal are the production and characterization of structures, cisterns, and designs that allow the control and manipulation of materials and other similar topics.

The journal aims to promote an exchange of ideas between engineers, material scientists, biomedical researchers, chemists, physicists and other researchers interested in this field.

The journal publishes many different types of content, including letters, reviews, articles, perspectives, news and views, commentaries, correspondence, and books & arts. All types of content need to be accepted by the editors to get approval.

Hence, the quality of its publications cannot be contested. It serves as a useful journal for everyone interested in reading about the latest happenings in the field of nanotechnology.

9. Cement and Concrete Research

Cement and Concrete Research

Cement and Concrete Research is a journal published by Elsevier . It aims to publish all the latest research on concrete, cement, cement composites, and all the materials incorporated in cement.

The journal has also partnered with Heliyon, another journal published by Elsevier. Cement and concrete research have an impact factor of 5.430. Therefore, it can be considered a trustworthy journal in civil engineering.

If you would like to learn about cement and concrete research in detail, this journal would be ideal for you. Moreover, publishing your own research in the journal is also quite easy.

All you need to do is follow the referencing and other guidelines required to publish an article in this journal.

Once you ensure that your research follows the themes stated in the journal, you can publish your paper by submitting it online. After reviewing, you will be notified when your paper is published.

Meanwhile, you can even track the progress of the paper. Hence, it is perfect for everyone who is in this field of research.

10. Advanced Science

Advanced Science

Advanced Science is published by Wiley Online Journal. It is an open access journal that covers applied as well as fundamental research in physics, chemistry, material science, life science, medical science, and engineering.

The articles published in the journal are of the highest quality because they go through considerable scrutiny before publication. It targets material scientists, biologists, engineers, physicists, and chemists.

The journal represents a fair selection process for its research paper for publication. So, you can trust the quality of the research.

11. Chemical Communications

Chemical Communications, or ChemComm is one of the fastest growing publishers that offer all the latest information on new research in the area of chemical communications.

It publishes at least 100 issues annually, covering all the major news and areas within the subject.

It also offers the authors a choice to opt for either a single-blind or a double-blind peer review. It has an impact factor of 6.290.

Hence, the papers published in the journal can be relied upon completely. If you are interested in the world of chemistry, this journal can be your go-to place.

Bottom Line

If you are an engineering enthusiast and are constantly looking to expand your knowledge by reading about the latest research in engineering, these top five journals will give you a plethora of options.

Alternatively, if you would like to disseminate information about your research, you can also contact these journals.

It will help you get feedback from peers and reach out to a wider audience.

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ABOUT THE EDITOR

Kashyap Vyas <p>Kashyap Vyas is an entrepreneur, marketer and writer. He holds a Master’s degree in Thermal Engineering with several research papers to his credit. Kashyap primarily authors in-depth content in the science & technology space. You can find more about him on LinkedIn.</p>

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Engineering.com Excellent online source for engineers of all disciplines. Extensive directory, educator's resources, free tools, forum, career center, directories, and even textbook rentals.
NSF Engineering Research Centers National Sciences Foundation factsheets on various supported research and design laboratories.
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Wolfram Alpha A “computational knowledge engine” devoted to helping to bring together data from disparate sources to solve real-world problem computationally.
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arXiv is a free distribution service and an open-access archive for nearly 2.4 million scholarly articles in the fields of physics, mathematics, computer science, quantitative biology, quantitative finance, statistics, electrical engineering and systems science, and economics. Materials on this site are not peer-reviewed by arXiv.

arXiv is a free distribution service and an open-access archive for scholarly articles in the fields of physics, mathematics, computer science, quantitative biology, quantitative finance, statistics, electrical engineering and systems science, and economics. Materials on this site are not peer-reviewed by arXiv.

Stay up to date with what is happening at arXiv on our blog.

Mathematics

Mathematics ( math new , recent , search ) includes: (see detailed description ): Algebraic Geometry ; Algebraic Topology ; Analysis of PDEs ; Category Theory ; Classical Analysis and ODEs ; Combinatorics ; Commutative Algebra ; Complex Variables ; Differential Geometry ; Dynamical Systems ; Functional Analysis ; General Mathematics ; General Topology ; Geometric Topology ; Group Theory ; History and Overview ; Information Theory ; K-Theory and Homology ; Logic ; Mathematical Physics ; Metric Geometry ; Number Theory ; Numerical Analysis ; Operator Algebras ; Optimization and Control ; Probability ; Quantum Algebra ; Representation Theory ; Rings and Algebras ; Spectral Theory ; Statistics Theory ; Symplectic Geometry

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Computing Research Repository ( CoRR new , recent , search ) includes: (see detailed description ): Artificial Intelligence ; Computation and Language ; Computational Complexity ; Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science ; Computational Geometry ; Computer Science and Game Theory ; Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ; Computers and Society ; Cryptography and Security ; Data Structures and Algorithms ; Databases ; Digital Libraries ; Discrete Mathematics ; Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing ; Emerging Technologies ; Formal Languages and Automata Theory ; General Literature ; Graphics ; Hardware Architecture ; Human-Computer Interaction ; Information Retrieval ; Information Theory ; Logic in Computer Science ; Machine Learning ; Mathematical Software ; Multiagent Systems ; Multimedia ; Networking and Internet Architecture ; Neural and Evolutionary Computing ; Numerical Analysis ; Operating Systems ; Other Computer Science ; Performance ; Programming Languages ; Robotics ; Social and Information Networks ; Software Engineering ; Sound ; Symbolic Computation ; Systems and Control

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The top list of academic research databases

2. Web of Science

5. ieee xplore, 6. sciencedirect, 7. directory of open access journals (doaj), get the most out of your academic research database, frequently asked questions about academic research databases, related articles.

Whether you are writing a thesis , dissertation, or research paper it is a key task to survey prior literature and research findings. More likely than not, you will be looking for trusted resources, most likely peer-reviewed research articles.

Academic research databases make it easy to locate the literature you are looking for. We have compiled the top list of trusted academic resources to help you get started with your research:

Scopus is one of the two big commercial, bibliographic databases that cover scholarly literature from almost any discipline. Besides searching for research articles, Scopus also provides academic journal rankings, author profiles, and an h-index calculator .

Coverage: 90.6 million core records
References: N/A
Discipline: Multidisciplinary
Access options: Limited free preview, full access by institutional subscription only
Provider: Elsevier

Web of Science also known as Web of Knowledge is the second big bibliographic database. Usually, academic institutions provide either access to Web of Science or Scopus on their campus network for free.

Coverage: approx. 100 million items
References: 1.4 billion
Access options: institutional subscription only
Provider: Clarivate (formerly Thomson Reuters)

PubMed is the number one resource for anyone looking for literature in medicine or biological sciences. PubMed stores abstracts and bibliographic details of more than 30 million papers and provides full text links to the publisher sites or links to the free PDF on PubMed Central (PMC) .

Coverage: approx. 35 million items
Discipline: Medicine and Biological Sciences
Access options: free
Provider: NIH

For education sciences, ERIC is the number one destination. ERIC stands for Education Resources Information Center, and is a database that specifically hosts education-related literature.

Coverage: approx. 1.6 million items
Discipline: Education
Provider: U.S. Department of Education

Search interface of ERIC academic database

IEEE Xplore is the leading academic database in the field of engineering and computer science. It's not only journal articles, but also conference papers, standards and books that can be search for.

Coverage: approx. 6 million items
Discipline: Engineering
Provider: IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)

ScienceDirect is the gateway to the millions of academic articles published by Elsevier, 1.4 million of which are open access. Journals and books can be searched via a single interface.

Coverage: approx. 19.5 million items

The DOAJ is an open-access academic database that can be accessed and searched for free.

Coverage: over 8 million records
Provider: DOAJ

JSTOR is another great resource to find research papers. Any article published before 1924 in the United States is available for free and JSTOR also offers scholarships for independent researchers.

Coverage: more than 12 million items
Provider: ITHAKA

Start using a reference manager like Paperpile to save, organize, and cite your references. Paperpile integrates with PubMed and many popular databases, so you can save references and PDFs directly to your library using the Paperpile buttons:

Scopus is one of the two big commercial, bibliographic databases that cover scholarly literature from almost any discipline. Beside searching for research articles, Scopus also provides academic journal rankings, author profiles, and an h-index calculator .

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Collection 12 March 2023

Top 100 in Engineering - 2022

This collection highlights our most downloaded* engineering papers published in 2022. Featuring authors from around the world, these papers showcase valuable research from an international community.

You can also view the top papers across various subject areas here .

*Data obtained from SN Insights, which is based on Digital Science's Dimensions.

yellow colored robotic arms working on car production line

Generation mechanism and prediction of an observed extreme rogue wave

Johannes Gemmrich

Wireless power transfer system with enhanced efficiency by using frequency reconfigurable metamaterial

Dongyong Shan
Haiyue Wang
Junhua Zhang

Mining logical circuits in fungi

Nic Roberts
Andrew Adamatzky

Cuffless blood pressure monitoring from a wristband with calibration-free algorithms for sensing location based on bio-impedance sensor array and autoencoder

Bassem Ibrahim
Roozbeh Jafari

The footprint of ship anchoring on the seafloor

Sally J. Watson
Geoffroy Lamarche

Dental tissue remineralization by bioactive calcium phosphate nanoparticles formulations

Andrei Cristian Ionescu
Lorenzo Degli Esposti
Eugenio Brambilla

Neuromorphic chip integrated with a large-scale integration circuit and amorphous-metal-oxide semiconductor thin-film synapse devices

Mutsumi Kimura
Yuki Shibayama
Yasuhiko Nakashima

Near-infrared photoluminescence of Portland cement

Sergei M. Bachilo
R. Bruce Weisman

Investigating physical and mechanical properties of nest soils used by mud dauber wasps from a geotechnical engineering perspective

Joon S. Park
Noura S. Saleh
Nathan P. Lord

Control of blood glucose induced by meals for type-1 diabetics using an adaptive backstepping algorithm

Rasoul Zahedifar
Ali Keymasi Khalaji

Cysteine metabolic engineering and selective disulfide reduction produce superior antibody-drug-conjugates

Renée Procopio-Melino
Frank W. Kotch
Xiaotian Zhong

An optimizing method for performance and resource utilization in quantum machine learning circuits

Tahereh Salehi
Mariam Zomorodi
Vahid Salari

The structure of microbial communities of activated sludge of large-scale wastewater treatment plants in the city of Moscow

Shahjahon Begmatov
Alexander G. Dorofeev
Andrey V. Mardanov

Characterization of 3D-printed PLA parts with different raster orientations and printing speeds

Mohammad Reza Khosravani
Filippo Berto
Tamara Reinicke

Hard polymeric porous microneedles on stretchable substrate for transdermal drug delivery

Aydin Sadeqi
Sameer Sonkusale

Ultrasounds induce blood–brain barrier opening across a sonolucent polyolefin plate in an in vitro isolated brain preparation

Laura Librizzi
Francesco Prada

Deep learning-based single image super-resolution for low-field MR brain images

M. L. de Leeuw den Bouter
G. Ippolito

Effective treatment of aquaculture wastewater with mussel/microalgae/bacteria complex ecosystem: a pilot study

Yongchao Li
Weifeng Guo

Ultrasound-guided femoral approach for coronary angiography and interventions in the porcine model

Grigorios Tsigkas
Georgios Vasilagkos
Periklis Davlouros

Epidural anesthesia needle guidance by forward-view endoscopic optical coherence tomography and deep learning

Qinggong Tang

PLA/Hydroxyapatite scaffolds exhibit in vitro immunological inertness and promote robust osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells without osteogenic stimuli

Marcela P. Bernardo
Bruna C. R. da Silva
Antonio Sechi

Atrial fibrillation prediction by combining ECG markers and CMR radiomics

Esmeralda Ruiz Pujadas
Zahra Raisi-Estabragh
Karim Lekadir

Small object detection method with shallow feature fusion network for chip surface defect detection

Haixin Huang
Xueduo Tang

High-precision robust monitoring of charge/discharge current over a wide dynamic range for electric vehicle batteries using diamond quantum sensors

Yuji Hatano
Jaewon Shin
Mutsuko Hatano

Driver drowsiness estimation using EEG signals with a dynamical encoder–decoder modeling framework

Sadegh Arefnezhad
James Hamet
Ali Yousefi

A compact two elements MIMO antenna for 5G communication

Ashfaq Ahmad
Dong-you Choi
Sadiq Ullah

Skin wound healing assessment via an optimized wound array model in miniature pigs

Ting-Yung Kuo
Chao-Cheng Huang
Lynn L. H. Huang

Smart textiles using fluid-driven artificial muscle fibers

Phuoc Thien Phan
Mai Thanh Thai
Thanh Nho Do

Tile-based massively scalable MIMO and phased arrays for 5G/B5G-enabled smart skins and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces

Manos M. Tentzeris

A hackable, multi-functional, and modular extrusion 3D printer for soft materials

Iek Man Lei
Yan Yan Shery Huang

Techno-economic analysis of rooftop solar power plant implementation and policy on mosques: an Indonesian case study

Fadhil Ahmad Qamar

Seismic wave simulation using a 3D printed model of the Los Angeles Basin

Sunyoung Park
Changsoo Shin
Robert W. Clayton

Banana stem and leaf biochar as an effective adsorbent for cadmium and lead in aqueous solution

Gaoxiang Li
Xinxian Long

Potential risk assessment for safe driving of autonomous vehicles under occluded vision

Denggui Wang
Jincao Zhou

Natural quantum reservoir computing for temporal information processing

Yudai Suzuki
Naoki Yamamoto

A compact and miniaturized implantable antenna for ISM band in wireless cardiac pacemaker system

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Mapping the wildland-urban interface in California using remote sensing data

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Hidden costs to building foundations due to sea level rise in a changing climate

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Experimental study of reasonable mesh size of geogrid reinforced tailings

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Stromal-vascular fraction and adipose-derived stem cell therapies improve cartilage regeneration in osteoarthritis-induced rats

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Planar ultrasonic transducer based on a metasurface piezoelectric ring array for subwavelength acoustic focusing in water

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Sample-efficient parameter exploration of the powder film drying process using experiment-based Bayesian optimization

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Predicting the splash of a droplet impinging on solid substrates

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Designing a new alginate-fibrinogen biomaterial composite hydrogel for wound healing

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Flexible, self-powered sensors for estimating human head kinematics relevant to concussions

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Technical feasibility analysis and introduction strategy of the virtually coupled train set concept

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Ultrasound does not activate but can inhibit in vivo mammalian nerves across a wide range of parameters

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Iron oxide nanoflowers encapsulated in thermosensitive fluorescent liposomes for hyperthermia treatment of lung adenocarcinoma

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Design and implementation of compact dual-band conformal antenna for leadless cardiac pacemaker system

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Enhancing the decoding accuracy of EEG signals by the introduction of anchored-STFT and adversarial data augmentation method

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Propagation rules of shock waves in confined space under different initial pressure environments

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Multi-fidelity information fusion with concatenated neural networks

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Portable magnetic resonance imaging of patients indoors, outdoors and at home

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Combined effects of body posture and three-dimensional wing shape enable efficient gliding in flying lizards

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Bio-actuated microvalve in microfluidics using sensing and actuating function of Mimosa pudica

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Uncovering emergent phenotypes in endothelial cells by clustering of surrogates of cardiovascular risk factors

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Degenerative joint disease induced by repeated intra-articular injections of monosodium urate crystals in rats as investigated by translational imaging

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High gain DC/DC converter with continuous input current for renewable energy applications

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Sensitive asprosin detection in clinical samples reveals serum/saliva correlation and indicates cartilage as source for serum asprosin

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Scalp attached tangential magnetoencephalography using tunnel magneto-resistive sensors

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Accurate determination of marker location within whole-brain microscopy images

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The Top Academic Journals for Engineers

Read a summary or generate practice questions using the INOMICS AI tool

Academic journals are a place for researchers to read the latest research findings, publish their own works, and to comment on and discuss various scholarly topics. They are usually periodic publications that are peer-reviewed and focus on specific topics such as nanotechnology or material science. In the engineering field alone, there are numerous scientific journals dedicated to specific disciplines such as mechanical engineering, civil engineering, and chemical engineering.

Check out our engineering job listings

1. Procedia Engineering

Procedia Engineering was first launched in 2009 and publishes open access collections of conference proceedings. The journal covers a variety of engineering topics including chemical, mechanical, civil, and aerospace, and is available for the international audience. Since it is an electronic journal, it allows conference delegates to publish in a timely manner and has a wide online circulation via Science Direct to allow for maximum exposure.

Researchers interested in publishing in Procedia Engineering should have a paper about current engineering topics that is also relevant to an international audience. Additionally, official templates in Latex and Microsoft Word formats are available to help speed up the publication process. Accepted articles can be published online within six weeks of acceptance.

2. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

This journal publishes papers about heat and mass transfer research, which deals with the movement of fluid particles and can be categorised into mechanical and chemical engineering. The goal of these research papers is to increase our understanding of heat and mass transfer processes via different types of surfaces as well as how these properties apply to engineering problems.

To be accepted for publication, research papers should contain original research that is analytical and experimental, and applies to engineering problems. Some sample topics include new measuring methods for transport property data, environmental applications of heat and mass transfer, and energy engineering.

3. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering

Rock mechanics deals with the mechanical behaviour of rocks and their reactions to the surrounding physical environment. This journal covers topics related to rock mechanics research and engineering geology. Research papers containing field research and testing methods, computation and analysis of observed data, and structural behaviour of rocks can be submitted for publication.

Additionally, the paper should contain descriptions that bridge the gap between scientific knowledge and practical applications for rock engineering purposes. Specific topics of interest include the design and construction of underground structures, dam foundations, rock slope stability research, as well as large-scale mining and tunneling projects.

4. Nature Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology is an interdisciplinary branch of science dealing with the manipulation of materials on an atomic scale. This journal is aimed towards researchers working in this field to connect and contribute to the overall advancement of nanotechnology. It helps chemists, physicists, material scientists, engineers, and other researchers to share their ideas on the latest developments in nanotechnology research.

Accepted research papers should contain information on the design and characterization of nanostructures, devices that manipulate and control atomic and macromolecular levels, and computational models. Additionally, the journal also publishes news and research highlights from other academic journals along with review articles, commentaries, and book reviews. Some specific research areas include carbon nanotubes and fullerenes, molecular machines and motors, nanofluidics, nanomagnetism, nanomedicine, nanoparticles, quantum information and more.

5. Powder Technology

This is a journal that focuses on the science of particulate systems both wet and dry. Research papers containing the formation, characterisation, and limitations of particulate solids systems can be submitted for publication.

Additionally, there are no limitations on the exact size of the particles. They can be as little as on a nanoscale level and as big as mined or quarried rock-sized materials. Some former topics published by the journal include the formation of particles by precipitation, the handling and processing operations, delivery of particulate products to the body, and applications of particles in chemicals, foods, pigments, and functional materials.

6. Langmuir

Langmuir is a non-dimensionally homogeneous unit of measurement dealing with the amount of exposure to a surface. This journal, which is appropriately named after the Langmuir unit, publishes research papers on colloids, surfactants, dispersants, emulsions, and other interface-related topics of materials. These materials can be small and large and include nanomaterials, gels, liquid crystals, and polymers.

To be accepted for publication, a paper must focus on the science of materials where the interface dominates the structure and function of the overall product. The research results should also advance our understanding of interfaces in topics such as the surface chemistry of colloids, bio-interfaces, charge transfer at interfaces and more. Applications of various devices such as sensors and photonic crystals are also included in its scope of publication.

7. Building And Environment

This journal is designed for the international audience and publishes original research papers as well as review articles on technology and research related to the built environment. Specifically, tools used in building science, building design, building operation systems, and environmental performance of buildings are all part of the scope of this journal.

To be accepted for publication, research articles should contain new knowledge that has been verified through quantitative processes and careful analysis. Topics covered should include smart technologies for high-performance buildings and cities, building performance in visual, acoustic, and thermal areas, decision-making tools, and ways to lower environmental impacts.

8. Coastal Engineering

This is another journal intended for the international audience. Specifically, it is for engineers who work near oceans and coasts where unique solutions are needed to deal with coastal geography and weather patterns. Research papers containing original studies and experiments on scientific advancements in topics such as harbour engineering, wave and current studies, estuary hydraulics, and offshore structures can be submitted for publication. Additionally, papers containing mathematical models and ideas related to the construction of structures as well as mitigating environmental problems can also be submitted. All research papers should have one or more paragraphs related to the engineering applications of the main topic.

9. Applied Energy

This journal provides a place for researchers to share information on the latest research and developments related to energy. Technologies such as energy conversion, energy conservation, optimisation of resources for energy use, and sustainable energy systems are all part of the scope covered in this journal.

To be considered for publication, the paper should fill the gap between the research on the technology and its implementation in real-life applications. Solutions to solving modelling problems, pollution problems, energy conservation problems, and climate change problems can also be submitted for publication.

10. Progress in Quantum Electronics

The study of quantum mechanics is a branch of physics that works with matter on the smallest scale. Quantum electronics is a sub-branch of quantum mechanics as it only deals with the study of electrons in matter, which is a source of electricity. It is the subject of focus for this journal, which brings together international researchers specialising in quantum electronics and their applications in everyday technologies.

Papers containing both the theoretical and experimental aspects of quantum electronics can be submitted for publication. These papers should contribute to the advancement of quantum electronics engineering and can also contain bio or nanotechnology-related works.

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Search for journal articles, conference papers, and research reports in these databases. For a complete list of databases for General Engineering, please see U-M Library Databases Search .

Engineering Village (Compendex) This link opens in a new window Provides international coverage of engineering and applied science literature in over 5000 journals, conference proceedings, and technical reports.
INSPEC This link opens in a new window Covers the world-wide literature (mainly journal articles and conference proceeding papers) in astronomy, physics, electronics and electrical engineering, computers and control, and information technology.
PubMed @ U-M (with MGet It links) This link opens in a new window Indexes over 4,000 biomedical, nursing, dentistry and related journals, with over 27 million citations in MEDLINE, PreMEDLINE and related databases.
Google Scholar @ U-M (with U-M Ann Arbor MGet It Links) This link opens in a new window Searches for scholarly documents on the web, with the added feature of "Availability at UMichigan" links.
Web of Science (All Databases) This link opens in a new window Cross-search access to: Web of Science, BIOSIS, Zoological Record, MEDLINE, etc.
ProQuest Technology Collection This link opens in a new window Global database combines full text journals with indexing of global literature on technology and applied science, including materials science, aerospace engineering, mechanical engineering, civil engineering, condensed matter physics, computer science and electronic engineering.
Scopus This link opens in a new window International multi-disciplinary indexing & abstracting database for scientific, medical, technical, and social sciences.
NTRL (National Technical Reports Library) This link opens in a new window Serves as the largest central resource for government-funded scientific, technical, engineering, and business related information available.

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A Guide to Engineering Research

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What is a Library Database?

Library databases are online collections of resources and can include a variety of formats as well as levels of quality. There are general databases such as the Quick Search and discipline specific databases such as IEEE Xplore.

General databases cover most subjects and index a variety of publications including scholarly (or peer-reviewed) journals, newspapers, and magazines. Subject specific databases specialize in a subject area and tend to include scholarly journals and books.

You may need to find specific types of sources, such as patents, standards, or conference proceedings. Certain databases focus on the type of resource, as well as they discipline.

Engineering Resources

Engineers regularly consult several different types of information sources, as these sources have different qualities and uses. The best sources to consult will depend on your information need. Employers value employees who know which sources to consult for a particular information need, and how to find those sources efficiently.

Engineers share their research findings primarily through journal articles and conference papers , but also through technical reports , patents , standards , websites , trade publications , and dissertations and theses .

Journal articles and conference papers are especially important because:

These publications contain research results that establish new facts and move the discipline forward.
These are original research.
These publications contain the most current research.
Information in most journals has undergone a peer-review process to help ensure accuracy and reliability. Some conference papers are also peer-reviewed.
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Top 13 Websites For Research Papers For Engineers, MTech Students

Hello guys, welcome back to our blog. Here in this article, we will share the top 13 websites for research papers for engineers, and MTech students, and how to download research papers or the best websites for research papers.

If you have any electrical, electronics, and computer science doubts, then ask questions . You can also catch me on Instagram – CS Electrical & Electronics .

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Top 13 Websites For Research Papers

The most important stage in preparing a scientific report is conducting research. The assessor is always motivated by scientific work that has been well investigated. For credibility, it must also contain true and accurate information. It just takes a few clicks to look for scientific materials thanks to the growth of the Internet sector, or web resources.

13. Google Scholar

Very few scientists throughout the world are unaware of this website. It is a Google subsidiary that serves academics. Access to virtually infinite internet research resources is made possible by this search engine. One of the greatest online tools for academics throughout the world is Google Scholar. But a large portion of its services is compensated. It is also linked to Google Books, where a variety of accessible online literary texts are available for research.

12. Frontiers in Psychology

This online repository of academic articles specializes in the field of psychology. Since psychology itself spans a wide range of academic fields, the website isn’t truly limited to just one particular topic. In any case, it is the leading supplier of online psychology research papers and excels in this sector. Additionally, it has a significant cross-cultural design. This makes it possible to obtain papers from all around the world, not just those from the US and Europe.

11. Science Direct

As its name implies, this is another academic website that specializes in the sciences. Science Direct is the best resource for science students, offering everything from journal articles and research papers to the most recent news in the field. Additionally, it includes a user-friendly database that is quite simple to explore. The biological sciences, health sciences, physical sciences, engineering, and social sciences are some of its main subfields.

10. Purdue OWL

Here, OWL, or Online Writing Laboratory, is used. Additionally, this laboratory is operated by the University of Purdue, as the phrase from the predecessor says. One of the most dependable sources for research papers in this website, which is home to millions of research papers and has a strong academic foundation. Its primary focus is on writing, regardless of whether it has an artistic, intellectual, or technological foundation.

This academic search engine, which gathers articles and abstracts from almost all digital sources, focuses only on the medical sciences. It contains approximately 33 million citations and abstracts from biomedical literature. Therefore, this is perfect for biology and medical students who are planning out and compiling the specific material they wish to refer to. Additionally, PubMed is a fantastic resource for finding reliable citations.

08. ResearchGate

The sciences are served by ResearchGate. It was first introduced in Germany and functions as both a social networking site and a place to locate and discuss academic articles. Scientific nerds will love this social media platform! You can request access to a researcher’s publications, as well as pose and respond to inquiries and inquiries. It serves as a significant center for scholars to connect and work together virtually.

About 12 million journal articles, essays, books, photos, and original materials from 75 humanities and social science areas are collected on this website. Jstor also offers free access, which you may later switch to a subscription plan for at a very affordable fee. In essence, it serves as a link between students and the academic community, including libraries. In other words, it links the supply and demand chains in academia, especially in the social sciences.

06. CiteSeerx

An online academic journal and digital library, CiteSeerx provides knowledge in the area of computer science. It utilizes an independent citation indexing method to index academic resources. Students looking for information on computers and information sciences will find this academic database to be of great use.

05. Microsoft Academic Research

Another notable search engine for academic resources is Microsoft Academic Research. It was created by Microsoft Research and currently contains over 48 million articles from over 20 million writers. It indexes a variety of scientific periodicals, including those in biology, engineering, social science, and computer science.

04. Bioline International

The peer-reviewed academic articles on public health, food and nutritional security, food and medicine, and biodiversity are available on Bioline, one of the most reliable and genuine search engines. It offers free access to peer-reviewed publications published in developing nations. It encourages the communication of ideas via scholarly resources. It was established in 1993 and now publishes 70 publications in 15 different nations, providing knowledge on topics including crop science, biodiversity, public health, and global development.

03. Directory of Open Access Journals

Another free search engine for academic and scholarly materials is the Director of Open Access Journals (DOAJ). The directory provides information on a wide range of subjects related to science. With more than 8,000 journals on various themes available, it is one of the most comprehensive sources of scientific databases. Each journal has undergone extensive peer review.

02. New Journal of Physics

An academic database with physics as its main subject is available through the online scientific search engine New Journal of Physics. The Institute of Physics and the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft jointly formed it in 1998. The search engine provides academic publications with physics as their main focus, covering a wide range of subjects.

The world’s largest technical professional organization is termed IEEE. It consists of more than 423,000 members in over 160 countries. It connects open-source students with the biggest prestigious global community through publications, conferences, Technology standards, and Professional and educational activities.

Students can get rolled in this too. The members of IEEE inspire a global community to innovate for a better tomorrow by innovating something new. IEEE is the trusted voice for computing, engineering, and technology information around the globe.

In conclusion, the academic databases and directories described above are some of the most reliable search engines for scientific research. They provide information on perhaps every significant field of science, including biology, computer and technology, environmental science, social science, and other academic study fields.

This was about “ Top 13 Websites For Research Papers “. I hope this article may help you all a lot. Thank you for reading.

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Global Journals of Research in Engineering welcomes original research papers and articles on traditional and emerging domains of engineering. It is a double-blind, peer reviewed, international journal encouraging studies in fields but not limited to mechanical and automotive engineering, aerospace, robotics, civil engineering and chemical science.

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The Ultimate Guide to Writing a Research Paper

Few things strike more fear in academics than the accursed research paper , a term synonymous with long hours and hard work. Luckily there’s a secret to help you get through them. As long as you know how to write a research paper properly, you’ll find they’re not so bad . . . or at least less painful.

In this guide we concisely explain how to write an academic research paper step by step. We’ll cover areas like how to start a research paper, how to write a research paper outline, how to use citations and evidence, and how to write a conclusion for a research paper.

But before we get into the details, let’s take a look at what a research paper is and how it’s different from other writing .

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What is a research paper?

A research paper is a type of academic writing that provides an in-depth analysis, evaluation, or interpretation of a single topic, based on empirical evidence. Research papers are similar to analytical essays, except that research papers emphasize the use of statistical data and preexisting research, along with a strict code for citations.

Research papers are a bedrock of modern science and the most effective way to share information across a wide network. However, most people are familiar with research papers from school; college courses often use them to test a student’s knowledge of a particular area or their research skills in general.

Considering their gravity, research papers favor formal, even bland language that strips the writing of any bias. Researchers state their findings plainly and with corresponding evidence so that other researchers can consequently use the paper in their own research.

Keep in mind that writing a research paper is different from writing a research proposal . Essentially, research proposals are to acquire the funding needed to get the data to write a research paper.

How long should a research paper be?

The length of a research paper depends on the topic or assignment. Typically, research papers run around 4,000–6,000 words, but it’s common to see short papers around 2,000 words or long papers over 10,000 words.

If you’re writing a paper for school, the recommended length should be provided in the assignment. Otherwise, let your topic dictate the length: Complicated topics or extensive research will require more explanation.

How to write a research paper in 9 steps

Below is a step-by-step guide to writing a research paper, catered specifically for students rather than professional researchers. While some steps may not apply to your particular assignment, think of this as more of a general guideline to keep you on track.

1 Understand the assignment

For some of you this goes without saying, but you might be surprised at how many students start a research paper without even reading the assignment guidelines.

So your first step should be to review the assignment and carefully read the writing prompt. Specifically, look for technical requirements such as length , formatting requirements (single- vs. double-spacing, indentations, etc.) and citation style . Also pay attention to the particulars, such as whether or not you need to write an abstract or include a cover page.

Once you understand the assignment, the next steps in how to write a research paper follow the usual writing process , more or less. There are some extra steps involved because research papers have extra rules, but the gist of the writing process is the same.

2 Choose your topic

In open-ended assignments, the student must choose their own topic. While it may seem simple enough, choosing a topic is actually the most important decision you’ll make in writing a research paper, since it determines everything that follows.

Your top priority in how to choose a research paper topic is whether it will provide enough content and substance for an entire research paper. You’ll want to choose a topic with enough data and complexity to enable a rich discussion. However, you also want to avoid general topics and instead stick with topics specific enough that you can cover all the relevant information without cutting too much.

3 Gather preliminary research

The sooner you start researching, the better—after all, it’s called a research paper for a reason.

To refine your topic and prepare your thesis statement, find out what research is available for your topic as soon as possible. Early research can help dispel any misconceptions you have about the topic and reveal the best paths and approaches to find more material.

Typically, you can find sources either online or in a library. If you’re searching online, make sure you use credible sources like science journals or academic papers. Some search engines—mentioned below in the Tools and resources section—allow you to browse only accredited sources and academic databases.

Keep in mind the difference between primary and secondary sources as you search. Primary sources are firsthand accounts, like published articles or autobiographies; secondary sources are more removed, like critical reviews or secondhand biographies.

When gathering your research, it’s better to skim sources instead of reading each potential source fully. If a source seems useful, set it aside to give it a full read later. Otherwise, you’ll be stuck poring over sources that you ultimately won’t use, and that time could be better spent finding a worthwhile source.

Sometimes you’re required to submit a literature review , which explains your sources and presents them to an authority for confirmation. Even if no literature review is required, it’s still helpful to compile an early list of potential sources—you’ll be glad you did later.

4 Write a thesis statement

Using what you found in your preliminary research, write a thesis statement that succinctly summarizes what your research paper will be about. This is usually the first sentence in your paper, making it your reader’s introduction to the topic.

A thesis statement is the best answer for how to start a research paper. Aside from preparing your reader, the thesis statement also makes it easier for other researchers to assess whether or not your paper is useful to them for their own research. Likewise, you should read the thesis statements of other research papers to decide how useful they are to you.

A good thesis statement mentions all the important parts of the discussion without disclosing too many of the details. If you’re having trouble putting it into words, try to phrase your topic as a question and then answer it .

For example, if your research paper topic is about separating students with ADHD from other students, you’d first ask yourself, “Does separating students with ADHD improve their learning?” The answer—based on your preliminary research—is a good basis for your thesis statement.

5 Determine supporting evidence

At this stage of how to write an academic research paper, it’s time to knuckle down and do the actual research. Here’s when you go through all the sources you collected earlier and find the specific information you’d like to use in your paper.

Normally, you find your supporting evidence by reading each source and taking notes. Isolate only the information that’s directly relevant to your topic; don’t bog down your paper with tangents or unnecessary context, however interesting they may be. And always write down page numbers , not only for you to find the information later, but also because you’ll need them for your citations.

Aside from highlighting text and writing notes, another common tactic is to use bibliography cards . These are simple index cards with a fact or direct quotation on one side and the bibliographical information (source citation, page numbers, subtopic category) on the other. While bibliography cards are not necessary, some students find them useful for staying organized, especially when it’s time to write an outline.

6 Write a research paper outline

A lot of students want to know how to write a research paper outline. More than informal essays, research papers require a methodical and systematic structure to make sure all issues are addressed, and that makes outlines especially important.

First make a list of all the important categories and subtopics you need to cover—an outline for your outline! Consider all the information you gathered when compiling your supporting evidence and ask yourself what the best way to separate and categorize everything is.

Once you have a list of what you want to talk about, consider the best order to present the information. Which subtopics are related and should go next to each other? Are there any subtopics that don’t make sense if they’re presented out of sequence? If your information is fairly straightforward, feel free to take a chronological approach and present the information in the order it happened.

Because research papers can get complicated, consider breaking your outline into paragraphs. For starters, this helps you stay organized if you have a lot of information to cover. Moreover, it gives you greater control over the flow and direction of the research paper. It’s always better to fix structural problems in the outline phase than later after everything’s already been written.

Don’t forget to include your supporting evidence in the outline as well. Chances are you’ll have a lot you want to include, so putting it in your outline helps prevent some things from falling through the cracks.

7 Write the first draft

Once your outline is finished, it’s time to start actually writing your research paper. This is by far the longest and most involved step, but if you’ve properly prepared your sources and written a thorough outline, everything should run smoothly.

If you don’t know how to write an introduction for a research paper, the beginning can be difficult. That’s why writing your thesis statement beforehand is crucial. Open with your thesis statement and then fill out the rest of your introduction with the secondary information—save the details for the body of your research paper, which comes next.

The body contains the bulk of your research paper. Unlike essays , research papers usually divide the body into sections with separate headers to facilitate browsing and scanning. Use the divisions in your outline as a guide.

Follow along your outline and go paragraph by paragraph. Because this is just the first draft, don’t worry about getting each word perfect . Later you’ll be able to revise and fine-tune your writing, but for now focus simply on saying everything that needs to be said. In other words, it’s OK to make mistakes since you’ll go back later to correct them.

One of the most common problems with writing long works like research papers is connecting paragraphs to each other. The longer your writing is, the harder it is to tie everything together smoothly. Use transition sentences to improve the flow of your paper, especially for the first and last sentences in a paragraph.

Even after the body is written, you still need to know how to write a conclusion for a research paper. Just like an essay conclusion , your research paper conclusion should restate your thesis , reiterate your main evidence , and summarize your findings in a way that’s easy to understand.

Don’t add any new information in your conclusion, but feel free to say your own personal perspective or interpretation if it helps the reader understand the big picture.

8 Cite your sources correctly

Citations are part of what sets research papers apart from more casual nonfiction like personal essays . Citing your sources both validates your data and also links your research paper to the greater scientific community. Because of their importance, citations must follow precise formatting rules . . . problem is, there’s more than one set of rules!

You need to check with the assignment to see which formatting style is required. Typically, academic research papers follow one of two formatting styles for citing sources:

MLA (Modern Language Association)
APA (American Psychological Association)

The links above explain the specific formatting guidelines for each style, along with an automatic citation generator to help you get started.

In addition to MLA and APA styles, you occasionally see requirements for CMOS (The Chicago Manual of Style), AMA (American Medical Association) and IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers).

Citations may seem confusing at first with all their rules and specific information. However, once you get the hang of them, you’ll be able to properly cite your sources without even thinking about it. Keep in mind that each formatting style has specific guidelines for citing just about any kind of source, including photos , websites , speeches , and YouTube videos .

9 Edit and proofread

Last but not least, you want to go through your research paper to correct all the mistakes by proofreading . We recommend going over it twice: once for structural issues such as adding/deleting parts or rearranging paragraphs and once for word choice, grammatical, and spelling mistakes. Doing two different editing sessions helps you focus on one area at a time instead of doing them both at once.

To help you catch everything, here’s a quick checklist to keep in mind while you edit:

Structural edit:

Is your thesis statement clear and concise?
Is your paper well-organized, and does it flow from beginning to end with logical transitions?
Do your ideas follow a logical sequence in each paragraph?
Have you used concrete details and facts and avoided generalizations?
Do your arguments support and prove your thesis?
Have you avoided repetition?
Are your sources properly cited?
Have you checked for accidental plagiarism?

Word choice, grammar, and spelling edit:

Is your language clear and specific?
Do your sentences flow smoothly and clearly?
Have you avoided filler words and phrases ?
Have you checked for proper grammar, spelling, and punctuation?

Some people find it useful to read their paper out loud to catch problems they might miss when reading in their head. Another solution is to have someone else read your paper and point out areas for improvement and/or technical mistakes.

Revising is a separate skill from writing, and being good at one doesn’t necessarily make you good at the other. If you want to improve your revision skills, read our guide on self-editing , which includes a more complete checklist and advanced tips on improving your revisions.

Technical issues like grammatical mistakes and misspelled words can be handled effortlessly if you use a spellchecker with your word processor, or even better, a digital writing assistant that also suggests improvements for word choice and tone, like Grammarly (we explain more in the Tools and resources section below).

Tools and resources

If you want to know more about how to write a research paper, or if you want some help with each step, take a look at the tools and resources below.

Google Scholar

This is Google’s own search engine, which is dedicated exclusively to academic papers. It’s a great way to find new research and sources. Plus, it’s free to use.

Zotero is a freemium, open-source research manager, a cross between an organizational CMS and a search engine for academic research. With it, you can browse the internet for research sources relevant to your topic and share them easily with colleagues. Also, it automatically generates citations.

FocusWriter

Writing long research papers is always a strain on your attention span. If you have trouble avoiding distractions during those long stretches, FocusWriter might be able to help. FocusWriter is a minimalist word processor that removes all the distracting icons and sticks only to what you type. You’re also free to choose your own customized backgrounds, with other special features like timed alarms, daily goals, and optional typewriter sound effects.

Google Charts

This useful and free tool from Google lets you create simple charts and graphs based on whatever data you input. Charts and graphs are excellent visual aids for expressing numeric data, a perfect complement if you need to explain complicated evidential research.

Grammarly goes way beyond grammar, helping you hone word choice, checking your text for plagiarism, detecting your tone, and more. For foreign-language learners, it can make your English sound more fluent, and even those who speak English as their primary language benefit from Grammarly’s suggestions.

Research paper FAQs

A research paper is a piece of academic writing that analyzes, evaluates, or interprets a single topic with empirical evidence and statistical data.

When will I need to write a research paper in college?

Many college courses use research papers to test a student’s knowledge of a particular topic or their research skills in general. While research papers depend on the course or professor, you can expect to write at least a few before graduation.

How do I determine a topic for my research paper?

If the topic is not assigned, try to find a topic that’s general enough to provide ample evidence but specific enough that you’re able to cover all the basics. If possible, choose a topic you’re personally interested in—it makes the work easier.

Where can I conduct research for my paper?

Today most research is conducted either online or in libraries. Some topics might benefit from old periodicals like newspapers or magazines, as well as visual media like documentaries. Museums, parks, and historical monuments can also be useful.

How do I cite sources for a research paper?

The correct formatting for citations depends on which style you’re using, so check the assignment guidelines. Most school research reports use either MLA or APA styles, although there are others.

This article was originally written by Karen Hertzberg in 2017. It’s been updated to include new information.

Best Universities for Engineering in the World

Updated: February 29, 2024

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Below is a list of best universities in the World ranked based on their research performance in Engineering. A graph of 999M citations received by 45.8M academic papers made by 6,684 universities in the World was used to calculate publications' ratings, which then were adjusted for release dates and added to final scores.

We don't distinguish between undergraduate and graduate programs nor do we adjust for current majors offered. You can find information about granted degrees on a university page but always double-check with the university website.

1. Massachusetts Institute of Technology

For Engineering

2. Stanford University

3. University of California - Berkeley

4. Harvard University

5. University of Tokyo

6. University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

7. Tsinghua University

8. University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign

9. University of Cambridge

10. University of Toronto

11. Georgia Institute of Technology

12. University of Washington - Seattle

13. Cornell University

14. University of California - Los Angeles

15. Pennsylvania State University

16. University of Texas at Austin

17. Kyoto University

18. Imperial College London

19. University of Wisconsin - Madison

20. University of Oxford

21. National University of Singapore

22. Zhejiang University

23. Osaka University

24. Tohoku University

25. University of California-San Diego

26. University of Minnesota - Twin Cities

27. Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne

28. Shanghai Jiao Tong University

29. Nanyang Technological University

30. University College London

31. University of Maryland - College Park

32. Princeton University

33. Johns Hopkins University

34. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich

35. Columbia University

36. University of Hong Kong

37. Ohio State University

38. California Institute of Technology

39. University of Pennsylvania

40. Harbin Institute of Technology

41. Northwestern University

42. Carnegie Mellon University

43. Delft University of Technology

44. Purdue University

45. University of Manchester

46. University of British Columbia

47. Texas A&M University - College Station

48. University of Florida

49. Peking University

50. University of California - Santa Barbara

51. Catholic University of Leuven

52. University of Southern California

53. University of Science and Technology of China

54. Huazhong University of Science and Technology

55. Tokyo Institute of Technology

56. University of California - Davis

57. Yale University

58. Seoul National University

59. Pierre and Marie Curie University

60. University of Arizona

61. Xi'an Jiaotong University

62. Technical University of Munich

63. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

64. University of New South Wales

65. McGill University

66. University of Alberta

67. University of Sydney

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Modular, scalable hardware architecture for a quantum computer

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Quantum computers hold the promise of being able to quickly solve extremely complex problems that might take the world’s most powerful supercomputer decades to crack.

But achieving that performance involves building a system with millions of interconnected building blocks called qubits. Making and controlling so many qubits in a hardware architecture is an enormous challenge that scientists around the world are striving to meet.

Toward this goal, researchers at MIT and MITRE have demonstrated a scalable, modular hardware platform that integrates thousands of interconnected qubits onto a customized integrated circuit. This “quantum-system-on-chip” (QSoC) architecture enables the researchers to precisely tune and control a dense array of qubits. Multiple chips could be connected using optical networking to create a large-scale quantum communication network.

By tuning qubits across 11 frequency channels, this QSoC architecture allows for a new proposed protocol of “entanglement multiplexing” for large-scale quantum computing.

The team spent years perfecting an intricate process for manufacturing two-dimensional arrays of atom-sized qubit microchiplets and transferring thousands of them onto a carefully prepared complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) chip. This transfer can be performed in a single step.

“We will need a large number of qubits, and great control over them, to really leverage the power of a quantum system and make it useful. We are proposing a brand new architecture and a fabrication technology that can support the scalability requirements of a hardware system for a quantum computer,” says Linsen Li, an electrical engineering and computer science (EECS) graduate student and lead author of a paper on this architecture.

Li’s co-authors include Ruonan Han, an associate professor in EECS, leader of the Terahertz Integrated Electronics Group, and member of the Research Laboratory of Electronics (RLE); senior author Dirk Englund, professor of EECS, principal investigator of the Quantum Photonics and Artificial Intelligence Group and of RLE; as well as others at MIT, Cornell University, the Delft Institute of Technology, the U.S. Army Research Laboratory, and the MITRE Corporation. The paper appears today in Nature .

Diamond microchiplets

While there are many types of qubits, the researchers chose to use diamond color centers because of their scalability advantages. They previously used such qubits to produce integrated quantum chips with photonic circuitry.

Qubits made from diamond color centers are “artificial atoms” that carry quantum information. Because diamond color centers are solid-state systems, the qubit manufacturing is compatible with modern semiconductor fabrication processes. They are also compact and have relatively long coherence times, which refers to the amount of time a qubit’s state remains stable, due to the clean environment provided by the diamond material.

In addition, diamond color centers have photonic interfaces which allows them to be remotely entangled, or connected, with other qubits that aren’t adjacent to them.

“The conventional assumption in the field is that the inhomogeneity of the diamond color center is a drawback compared to identical quantum memory like ions and neutral atoms. However, we turn this challenge into an advantage by embracing the diversity of the artificial atoms: Each atom has its own spectral frequency. This allows us to communicate with individual atoms by voltage tuning them into resonance with a laser, much like tuning the dial on a tiny radio,” says Englund.

This is especially difficult because the researchers must achieve this at a large scale to compensate for the qubit inhomogeneity in a large system.

To communicate across qubits, they need to have multiple such “quantum radios” dialed into the same channel. Achieving this condition becomes near-certain when scaling to thousands of qubits. To this end, the researchers surmounted that challenge by integrating a large array of diamond color center qubits onto a CMOS chip which provides the control dials. The chip can be incorporated with built-in digital logic that rapidly and automatically reconfigures the voltages, enabling the qubits to reach full connectivity.

“This compensates for the in-homogenous nature of the system. With the CMOS platform, we can quickly and dynamically tune all the qubit frequencies,” Li explains.

Lock-and-release fabrication

To build this QSoC, the researchers developed a fabrication process to transfer diamond color center “microchiplets” onto a CMOS backplane at a large scale.

They started by fabricating an array of diamond color center microchiplets from a solid block of diamond. They also designed and fabricated nanoscale optical antennas that enable more efficient collection of the photons emitted by these color center qubits in free space.

Then, they designed and mapped out the chip from the semiconductor foundry. Working in the MIT.nano cleanroom, they post-processed a CMOS chip to add microscale sockets that match up with the diamond microchiplet array.

They built an in-house transfer setup in the lab and applied a lock-and-release process to integrate the two layers by locking the diamond microchiplets into the sockets on the CMOS chip. Since the diamond microchiplets are weakly bonded to the diamond surface, when they release the bulk diamond horizontally, the microchiplets stay in the sockets.

“Because we can control the fabrication of both the diamond and the CMOS chip, we can make a complementary pattern. In this way, we can transfer thousands of diamond chiplets into their corresponding sockets all at the same time,” Li says.

The researchers demonstrated a 500-micron by 500-micron area transfer for an array with 1,024 diamond nanoantennas, but they could use larger diamond arrays and a larger CMOS chip to further scale up the system. In fact, they found that with more qubits, tuning the frequencies actually requires less voltage for this architecture.

“In this case, if you have more qubits, our architecture will work even better,” Li says.

The team tested many nanostructures before they determined the ideal microchiplet array for the lock-and-release process. However, making quantum microchiplets is no easy task, and the process took years to perfect.

“We have iterated and developed the recipe to fabricate these diamond nanostructures in MIT cleanroom, but it is a very complicated process. It took 19 steps of nanofabrication to get the diamond quantum microchiplets, and the steps were not straightforward,” he adds.

Alongside their QSoC, the researchers developed an approach to characterize the system and measure its performance on a large scale. To do this, they built a custom cryo-optical metrology setup.

Using this technique, they demonstrated an entire chip with over 4,000 qubits that could be tuned to the same frequency while maintaining their spin and optical properties. They also built a digital twin simulation that connects the experiment with digitized modeling, which helps them understand the root causes of the observed phenomenon and determine how to efficiently implement the architecture.

In the future, the researchers could boost the performance of their system by refining the materials they used to make qubits or developing more precise control processes. They could also apply this architecture to other solid-state quantum systems.

This work was supported by the MITRE Corporation Quantum Moonshot Program, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. Army Research Office, the Center for Quantum Networks, and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program.

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Scaling up the quantum chip

MIT researchers have fabricated a diamond-based quantum sensor on a silicon chip using traditional fabrication techniques (pictured), which could enable low-cost quantum hardware.

Quantum sensing on a chip

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Prompt engineering guide.

Prompt engineering is a relatively new discipline for developing and optimizing prompts to efficiently use language models (LMs) for a wide variety of applications and research topics. Prompt engineering skills help to better understand the capabilities and limitations of large language models (LLMs). Researchers use prompt engineering to improve the capacity of LLMs on a wide range of common and complex tasks such as question answering and arithmetic reasoning. Developers use prompt engineering to design robust and effective prompting techniques that interface with LLMs and other tools.

Motivated by the high interest in developing with LLMs, we have created this new prompt engineering guide that contains all the latest papers, learning guides, lectures, references, and tools related to prompt engineering for LLMs.

🌐 Prompt Engineering Guide (Web Version)

We've partnered with Maven to deliver the following live cohort-based courses on prompt engineering:

LLMs for Everyone (Beginner) - learn about the latest prompt engineering techniques and how to effectively apply them to real-world use cases.

Prompt Engineering for LLMs (Advanced) - learn advanced prompt engineering techniques to build complex use cases and applications with LLMs.

Happy Prompting!

Announcements / Updates

🎓 New course on Prompt Engineering for LLMs announced! Enroll here !
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Prompt Engineering - LLM Settings
Prompt Engineering - Basics of Prompting
Prompt Engineering - Prompt Elements
Prompt Engineering - General Tips for Designing Prompts
Prompt Engineering - Examples of Prompts
Prompt Engineering - Zero-Shot Prompting
Prompt Engineering - Few-Shot Prompting
Prompt Engineering - Chain-of-Thought Prompting
Prompt Engineering - Self-Consistency
Prompt Engineering - Generate Knowledge Prompting
Prompt Engineering - Prompt Chaining
Prompt Engineering - Tree of Thoughts (ToT)
Prompt Engineering - Retrieval Augmented Generation
Prompt Engineering - Automatic Reasoning and Tool-use (ART)
Prompt Engineering - Automatic Prompt Engineer
Prompt Engineering - Active-Prompt
Prompt Engineering - Directional Stimulus Prompting
Prompt Engineering - Program-Aided Language Models
Prompt Engineering - ReAct Prompting
Prompt Engineering - Multimodal CoT Prompting
Prompt Engineering - Graph Prompting
Prompt Engineering - Function Calling
Prompt Engineering - Generating Data
Prompt Engineering - Generating Synthetic Dataset for RAG
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Prompt Engineering - Graduate Job Classification Case Study
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We have published a 1 hour lecture that provides a comprehensive overview of prompting techniques, applications, and tools.

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Modular, scalable hardware architecture for a quantum computer
We are proposing a brand new architecture and a fabrication technology that can support the scalability requirements of a hardware system for a quantum computer," says Linsen Li, an electrical engineering and computer science (EECS) graduate student and lead author of a paper on this architecture.
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Prompt engineering is a relatively new discipline for developing and optimizing prompts to efficiently use language models (LMs) for a wide variety of applications and research topics. Prompt engineering skills help to better understand the capabilities and limitations of large language models (LLMs).