short essay on ocean

Ocean Exploration Facts

Why do we explore the ocean?

Exploration is key to increasing our understanding of the ocean, so we can more effectively manage, conserve, regulate, and use ocean resources that are vital to our economy and to all of our lives..

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We explore the ocean because it is important to ALL of us. Thanks to game-changing technological advancements, we can now look into the ocean like never before. But exploration can only be achieved through cooperation and collaboration, such as the partnership between the NOAA Ocean Exploration, Schmidt Ocean Institute, and Ocean Exploration Trust. Video courtesy of the Schmidt Ocean Institute. Download larger version (mp4, 225 MB) .

Despite the fact that the ocean covers approximately 70% of Earth’s surface and plays a critical role in supporting life on our planet, from the air we breathe and the food we eat to weather and climate patterns , our understanding of the ocean remains limited .

Ocean exploration is about making discoveries, searching for things that are unusual and unexpected. As the first step in the scientific process, the rigorous observations and documentation of biological, chemical, physical, geological, and archaeological aspects of the ocean gained from exploration set the stage for future research and decision-making.

Through ocean exploration, we collect data and information needed to address both current and emerging science and management needs. Exploration helps to ensure that ocean resources are not just managed, but managed in a sustainable way, so those resources are around for future generations to enjoy. Exploration of the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone is important for national security, allowing us to set boundaries, protect American interests, and claim ocean resources.

Unlocking the mysteries of ocean ecosystems can reveal new sources for medical therapies and vaccines, food, energy, and more as well as inspire inventions that mimic adaptations of deep-sea animals. Information from ocean exploration can help us understand how we are affecting and being affected by changes in Earth’s environment, including changes in weather and climate. Insights from ocean exploration can help us better understand and respond to earthquakes, tsunamis, and other hazards.

The challenges met while exploring the ocean can provide the impetus for new technologies and engineering innovations that can be applied in other situations, allowing us to respond more effectively in the face of an ocean crisis, such as an oil spill. And, ocean exploration can improve ocean literacy and inspire young people to seek critical careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.

As a species, humans are naturally inquisitive — curiosity, desire for knowledge, and quest for adventure motivate modern explorers even today. And if all of these examples don’t provide enough reasons to explore the ocean, well, ocean exploration is also just cool (if you need it: proof ).

NOAA Ocean Exploration is a federal organization dedicated to exploring the unknown ocean, unlocking its potential through scientific discovery, technological advancements, and data delivery. By working closely with partners across public, private, and academic sectors, we are filling gaps in our basic understanding of the marine environment. This allows us, collectively, to protect ocean health, sustainably manage our marine resources, accelerate our national economy, better understand our changing environment, and enhance appreciation of the importance of the ocean in our everyday lives.

Related Education Materials

The Okeanos Explorer beats its way into heavy seas.

To Boldly Go

Grade Level: 6-8 Focus: Science/Technology

Students use learning shapes to explore modern reasons for ocean exploration including: climate change, energy, human health, ocean health, research and exploration, technology and innovation, underwater cultural heritage, and ocean literacy. This lesson can be used to acquaint students with the concept of ocean exploration and build a foundation for additional lessons.

Why Do We Explore the Deep Ocean? (pdf, 722 KB)

For More Information

How much of the ocean has been explored?

Why do we explore the water column?

Ocean exploration matters.

ENCYCLOPEDIC ENTRY

Marine pollution.

Marine pollution is a combination of chemicals and trash, most of which comes from land sources and is washed or blown into the ocean. This pollution results in damage to the environment, to the health of all organisms, and to economic structures worldwide.

Biology, Ecology, Earth Science, Oceanography

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Learning materials

Instructional links.

Marine Pollution (Google Doc)

Marine pollution is a growing problem in today’s world. Our ocean is being flooded with two main types of pollution: chemicals and trash.

Chemical contamination, or nutrient pollution, is concerning for health, environmental, and economic reasons. This type of pollution occurs when human activities, notably the use of fertilizer on farms, lead to the runoff of chemicals into waterways that ultimately flow into the ocean. The increased concentration of chemicals, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, in the coastal ocean promotes the growth of algal blooms , which can be toxic to wildlife and harmful to humans. The negative effects on health and the environment caused by algal blooms hurt local fishing and tourism industries.

Marine trash encompasses all manufactured products—most of them plastic —that end up in the ocean. Littering, storm winds, and poor waste management all contribute to the accumulation of this debris , 80 percent of which comes from sources on land. Common types of marine debris include various plastic items like shopping bags and beverage bottles, along with cigarette butts, bottle caps, food wrappers, and fishing gear. Plastic waste is particularly problematic as a pollutant because it is so long-lasting. Plastic items can take hundreds of years to decompose.

This trash poses dangers to both humans and animals. Fish become tangled and injured in the debris , and some animals mistake items like plastic bags for food and eat them. Small organisms feed on tiny bits of broken-down plastic , called micro plastic , and absorb the chemicals from the plastic into their tissues. Micro plastics are less than five millimeters (0.2 inches) in diameter and have been detected in a range of marine species, including plankton and whales. When small organisms that consume micro plastics are eaten by larger animals, the toxic chemicals then become part of their tissues. In this way, the micro plastic pollution migrates up the food chain , eventually becoming part of the food that humans eat.

Solutions for marine pollution include prevention and cleanup. Disposable and single-use plastic is abundantly used in today’s society, from shopping bags to shipping packaging to plastic bottles. Changing society’s approach to plastic use will be a long and economically challenging process. Cleanup, in contrast, may be impossible for some items. Many types of debris (including some plastics ) do not float, so they are lost deep in the ocean. Plastics that do float tend to collect in large “patches” in ocean gyres. The Pacific Garbage Patch is one example of such a collection, with plastics and micro plastics floating on and below the surface of swirling ocean currents between California and Hawaii in an area of about 1.6 million square kilometers (617,763 square miles), although its size is not fixed. These patches are less like islands of trash and, as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration says, more like flecks of micro plastic pepper swirling around an ocean soup. Even some promising solutions are inadequate for combating marine pollution. So-called “ biodegradable ” plastics often break down only at temperatures higher than will ever be reached in the ocean.

Nonetheless, many countries are taking action. According to a 2018 report from the United Nations, more than sixty countries have enacted regulations to limit or ban the use of disposable plastic items. The National Geographic Society is making this content available under a Creative Commons CC-BY-NC-SA license . The License excludes the National Geographic Logo (meaning the words National Geographic + the Yellow Border Logo) and any images that are included as part of each content piece. For clarity the Logo and images may not be removed, altered, or changed in any way.

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February 22, 2024

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National Geographic Education Blog

Bring the spirit of exploration to your classroom.

We’re a Young Explorer and a Scientist, and These Are Our Ocean Stories. What’s Yours?

We’ve teamed up with Esri to officially launch the 2021 ArcGIS StoryMaps Challenge for Restoring Our Ocean . If you’re in high school, college, or otherwise between 18 and 24 years of age we invite you to participate by integrating maps, data, and multimedia content with text to share a narrative about the world’s greatest challenges and inspire us all to find solutions.

National Geographic Young Explorer Shelby O’Neil and Chief Scientist of Esri, Dawn Wright , two of the judges for the challenge, developed a passion for the ocean early in their lives. That passion has guided their work in education, conservation, and mapping. We connected with Shelby and Dawn about what excites them so much about StoryMaps. Read the conversation below, then enter the challenge by creating your own impactful story about ocean health.

National Geographic Society (NG): When in your life did you realize the urgency of ocean conservation and education?

Shelby O’Neil (SO) : When I was in middle school, I learned about keystone species and their importance to our ecosystems. In the process, I learned about the importance of balance in our oceans and saw the drastic unnatural conditions we were creating. From that moment on I was fascinated by the idea that human creations—such as plastic—can take on a life of their own, to the point where they start to negatively affect us even though we created them.

NG: When did you realize the power of mapping?

Dawn Wright (DW) : I realized the true power of mapping as an eight-year-old girl. I was completely enchanted by Robert Louis Stevenson’s Treasure Island . One of the pillars of the story is Captain Flint’s treasure map. Ironically, the details of the map are never actually revealed. It is the sheer idea of the map’s existence, and the possibilities of what it could lead to, that drives Long John Silver and the other characters to the point of obsession. For me, that was incredibly powerful!

I majored in geology as an undergraduate and oceanography in graduate school. During my first round of graduate studies at Texas A&M, I came across a map to my future: the 1977 World Ocean Floor Panorama by Marie Tharp and Bruce Heezen. It was the first map in history to hint at the full scope of what lies beneath the ocean.

I fell more deeply in love with this map when I learned the life story of Marie Tharp. As a researcher at Columbia University in the 1950s and ’60s, she began the world’s first systematic, comprehensive attempt to map the ocean floor. To do so, she translated millions of ocean-sounding records into a single drawing and discovered a rift valley that informed the theory of plate tectonics. For years her contributions were left out of historical accounts because she was a woman, but now Tharp is considered the inventor of marine cartography.

NG: Some people disconnect science from storytelling. What would you say to them? What impact have you seen from connecting the two?

DW : I would say never to disconnect the two if you can help it! In particular, I think sharing your own personal story is crucial as a scientist. Scientists should be willing to share more of themselves, in line with their comfort level, beyond the methodologies and data. As you share more of your own story, people may come to you for advice or inspiration.

StoryMaps have emerged as a powerful storytelling platform to leverage the power of GIS to tell stories about important connections among scientists, resource managers, and policymakers. By connecting science with data, StoryMaps allow scientists to inform, educate, and inspire on a wide variety of scientific and policy issues.

SO : Many people seem to view science as if only a select few are or can be involved in the field. In reality, science and scientists are at the forefront of everything upon which our modern world is built. We know details from past generations because advancements in science and human connectedness have helped bridge the gap and fill in missing information. Science and storytelling are vital to combine because they inform us about the past while helping to predict the future. They can also help people connect to causes and stories beyond their personal experience and develop empathy and passion for issues they didn’t know about previously.

NG: Why does the ocean inspire you?

SO : The ocean inspires me because it has seen so much change, from the forming of Earth to massive geological shifts to all of our ancestors breathing air produced by ocean life . Throughout all of that change, the ocean has stayed resilient to anything we have thrown its way. Now it is our turn to take care of the ocean as it has taken care of us.

NG: How could mapping change the world? How can the power of mapping conserve the ocean?

DW : There is something about a map that opens our eyes in ways that are unparalleled. There are so many of us who have spent minutes or even hours just looking at maps and delighting in personal discoveries. Mapping is also a special kind of language that is truly universal. Mapping can ultimately bring us all together, and that is certainly what we need to change the world.

A data-driven map urges people to see the ocean as a complex system. It allows the viewer to understand why we should save the ocean, where we should start, and what areas are most critically in need of care. Once we see the ocean’s true depth and complexity, we can reduce the risks of exhausting critical resources and improve resource management. More than 80 percent of the ocean floor is unmapped , but to solve issues such as overfishing, habitat destruction, pollution, and biodiversity loss we need comprehensive ocean maps.

NG: Participating in the StoryMaps Challenge empowers young people to promote ocean conversation. How else can young people contribute to ocean conservation right now?

DW : One of the most beautiful examples of the power young people have to promote ocean conservation is the recent Virtual Early Career Ocean Professional (V.ECOP) event in support of the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. It was hosted by and for early-career ocean professionals from around the world and a variety of ocean disciplines. Read all about it on the web and on Twitter , and see the event’s beautiful StoryMap here .

There’s plenty for young people to do to assist with marine conservation. But we need to act now—because if there’s no blue, there’s no green, which means there will eventually be no humans. No kidding!

SO : Growing up in the ocean conservation movement, I realized how much power youth have when they use their voices. However, I think we place an unnecessarily large amount of pressure on youth to be the fixers of any problem society faces today. Youth did not create this large mess of ocean plastics, deregulation, oil spills, and everything else we can see with the naked eye. The power young people have mastered is the ability to call out and form communities around topics they are passionate about, such as ocean conservation, and raise the collective consciousness of society. Young people will take on the challenges of tomorrow, ranging from hard conversations to innovative conservation solutions, because even though we didn’t create this mess we are eager to clean it up. That’s why, when creating Jr Ocean Guardians and the No Straw November challenge, I centered both of them on education to improve the systems passed down to my generation. People are welcome to join the conversation around plastics and ocean conversation at any age!

NG: What would you say to young people who live inland or have never seen the ocean? Why does it matter for them to take action toward ocean conservation?

SO : Inland kids are the most forgotten and overlooked ocean conservation powerhouses in the world. As an inland kid, I felt connected to the ocean in a very different way. I grew up on the Central Coast of California, yet I traveled between inland agriculture fields to go to school. While I didn’t always see the ocean, I felt its impact through an extending marine layer and learned that our weather depended on what rolled in over the hills. I always tell inland kids to find ways to connect themselves with the ocean. This can be as simple as understanding how plastic can migrate through waste systems and end up in the ocean. Having inland ocean advocates matters, as they can help shift the social norm for people who often forget about the ocean.

DW : For many of us, when we think about the ocean, it’s a situation of “out of sight, out of mind.” However, the ocean provides over half the oxygen we breathe. It regulates all of our weather patterns, feeds us, and provides for our energy and economy. My good friend Craig McLean of NOAA often says, “If you enjoy breathing, thank an oceanographer!” He often points out that the observations of oceanographers, in combination with atmospheric and land-based observations, are necessary inputs to Earth system prediction models that in turn drive land-based weather forecasts.

All landmasses on Earth, no matter how big, are surrounded by the ocean or seas and could therefore be considered islands. In this light, there’s less of a distinction between islanders and mainlanders. On an ocean planet, we are all islanders.

NG: How can a story impact the ocean—and the world?

DW : People are moved by emotion, and we know from experience that one of the best ways to capture attention and spark emotional connection is to start with “Once upon a time…” A good story can effect change, influence opinion, and create awareness—and maps are an integral part of that storytelling. A StoryMap can instantly give your narrative a stronger sense of place, illustrate spatial relationships, and add visual appeal and credibility to your ideas.

SO : Stories have the ability to spark empathy and passion in anyone who has the opportunity to hear them. As an art form that connects us all, stories throughout history have fueled excitement and have been the backbone of our evolution as a society. It would be unfortunate to think stories do not possess the power to change the world, as they have shaped the world we live in today. A single story about the ocean can spark a deep dive of personal reflection to better understand our relationship with our planet. The ocean has a vast history full of inspiring stories that could fuel and energize any innovator who looks closely enough.

NG: Many young people are taking action for social justice in their communities, especially since last year. What would you say to them about the interconnectedness of social justice action and climate action? How is ocean conservation related to social justice?

DW : I am overjoyed that so many young people are taking action for social justice in their communities. I would also say that climate action is already a form of social justice action. Many of us were deeply affected and inspired by the marine biologist Ayana Elizabeth Johnson’s Washington Post essay, “I’m a black climate expert. Racism derails our efforts to save the planet.” She points out that “the sheer magnitude of transforming our energy, transportation, buildings and food systems within a decade, while striving to reach net zero greenhouse gas emissions shortly thereafter, is already overwhelming. And Black Americans are disproportionately more likely than whites to be concerned about — and affected by — the climate crisis.” In general, we know communities of color are forced to live in close proximity to polluted sites such as highways, landfills, and toxic waste dumps (including along our coasts and lakes). The quality of our natural world matters for every person and living organism on our planet, and where environmental impact is the greatest, so too is human suffering.

For many people, the ocean is a sacred place. I was raised in Hawaii and learned in school and from my friends about the ways of Native Polynesians who treasured and protected their coast and ocean. In fact, the direct involvement of Indigenous peoples in the governance and management of marine protected areas needs to receive more attention. Ocean conservation is directly related to the experience of Indigenous peoples of coastal areas, because it can help them maintain their cultural and ecological values.

SO : When people think of the term “environment,” they may envision a setting similar to a national park, a picture of untouched nature separate from their own identity. In reality we are part of the environment, as we all play vital roles in our own ecosystems. However, some environments are more exclusive than inclusive. Social justice being interconnected with climate action provides us an opportunity to self-reflect and understand systemic racism as it relates to environmental development. This intersectional approach explains why a good chunk of the coastline is owned privately rather than maintained as a community space. The battle over non-accessible coastlines is important for several reasons, including that such exclusivity keeps people from experiencing the beach and developing a sense of empathy for such an amazing and vital life force. Most issues cross campaigns, and we sacrifice progress when we pit environmental reform against social justice reform. They are connected, and both are important.

NG: How might creating a StoryMap be an empowering experience for a young person? Why should they take the time to create one?

DW : Well, for one thing, because it’s fun! I’ve found that StoryMaps provide almost instant gratification. There are so many custom tools and widgets to make your map look immediately professional, something to be really proud of. It’s exciting to create a new map or to add text, photos, or videos to existing web maps or web scenes that you can bring into a StoryMap. Everything is super easy to publish and share in a short amount of time (minutes to hours to a few days, depending on the complexity of what you are trying to build). It can be super empowering to share your story via social media and get positive feedback—lots of likes and shares and hopefully quite a bit of impact!

SO : Having the opportunity to create a StoryMap is a beyond-empowering experience, as it allows the young person to be at the forefront of the future while contributing massively to the present. Time invested in creating a StoryMap is not only beneficial to the individual but also the overall science community, making it a more inclusive space for young people.

NG: If you could map any place, what would it be and why?

DW : Of course as “Deepsea Dawn” I would love to map the many, many places on the ocean floor that are still largely unexplored. We are only about 20 percent of the way there in terms of realizing a fully mapped ocean floor at a level of detail similar to land. Having a map of both the depth and shape of the seafloor is critical not only for the full exploration and understanding of this planet that is still our only home, but also for understanding ocean circulation, tides, tsunami forecasting, fishing resources, sediment transport, underwater geo-hazards, cable and pipeline routing (including submarine cables that carry internet traffic), and much more.

SO : I would love to shrink down to snail size and map out a whole field environment to account for every life-form, ranging from soil bacteria to any mammals that may wander through, to better understand that ecosystem’s balance. It would be nice to focus on the small scale to appreciate the larger scope of life.

Join the global conversation about restoring and protecting our ocean by building and submitting an ocean-focused story to the 2021 ArcGIS StoryMaps Challenge for Restoring Our Ocean .

Young people can further their solution-finding by joining the growing #GenGeo movement—a global community of young people with an insatiable drive to build a sustainable future and thriving planet.

Ocean Pollution - Essay Samples And Topic Ideas For Free

Ocean pollution poses a dire threat to marine ecosystems and human health, driven by activities such as plastic disposal, chemical pollution, and oil spills. Essays could delve into the myriad sources of ocean pollution, exploring the scale and impact of contaminants like plastic debris, heavy metals, and agricultural runoff on marine life and coastal communities. Discussions might extend to the various international and national initiatives aimed at mitigating ocean pollution, including legal frameworks, technological innovations, and community-led conservation efforts. The discourse may also touch on the challenges and prospects of curbing ocean pollution, analyzing the effectiveness of current measures, and proposing holistic strategies that encompass policy, education, and technological advancements to foster a more sustainable interaction with marine environments. We have collected a large number of free essay examples about Ocean Pollution you can find in Papersowl database. You can use our samples for inspiration to write your own essay, research paper, or just to explore a new topic for yourself.

Ocean Pollution as a Major Problem

The Ocean is one of the major reasons why humans survive in this world. The Ocean provides us with water to drink and the fresh air we breathe. That's why the issue of ocean pollution is important and needs to be addressed as soon as possible. We depend on the ocean for so much in our life. Ocean pollution is becoming a major problem. Trash is piling up in our oceans but the question is, where is the trash coming […]

Ocean Pollution for the most Wildlife

The ocean is home to the most wildlife in the entire world. Every day people are destroying life in the ocean by polluting it. There are many different endangered animals in the ocean. Every day they are being killed off by man-made pollutants. The ocean covers more than eighty percent of the Earth so we should protect it by, being more conservative, recycling, and cleaning out the ocean (noaa.gov). Plastic pollution is deeply reflected on humans; over half of the […]

Plastic Pollution in the Oceans

“There is more microplastic in the ocean than there are stars in the Milky Way” (McCarthy). Many Americans consume plastic throughout the year and do not recycle all of it. The beaches are getting dirtier and dirtier but there is not much change going on. The wastes on the beaches, streets, and air are going into the ocean and harming the species. Pollution in the oceans is affecting the sea creatures because surfers are exposed to pathogens, sea turtles develop […]

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Ocean Pollution: Plastic

The topic that I chose to write about is ocean pollution, specifically plastic. I found a very interesting article by National Geographic that makes me wonder just how much plastic we use daily, and how much it affects marine life. According to the article, the Aquarium Conservation Partnership (ACP), comprising twenty-two aquariums in seventeen different states is pushing a campaign called "No Straw November". The campaign is a push to eliminate single-use plastic including plastic straws, bottles, and plastic in […]

Should the Government Regulate Ocean Pollution?

The government should regulate ocean pollution due to the fact they are one of the contributing factors to ocean pollution. Ocean pollution affects more than just the waterways. Marine life is decreasing day by day due to the amount of trash that builds up in our oceans. Agricultural fertilizer and climate change have also been afflicted in negative ways by the inconsiderate attitude towards our environment namely the ocean. From nuclear bomb testing to creating the Great Pacific garbage patch. […]

Plastic Pollution in the Ocean

All pollution is bad for the ocean and all the creatures in it. However, there is one material that is highly potent to the ocean, and that is plastic. It has many immensely negative effects on the ocean's wildlife. Thousands of marine animals die each year because of plastic debris. There are many ways that plastic can get to the ocean than you know. This has been an ongoing problem and still has not been stopped. Plastic was founded in […]

Ocean Pollution and a “dead Zone”

There is a “dead zone” the size of New Jersey in the Gulf of Mexico in which aquatic life cannot survive . There is a garbage patch the size of Texas in the Pacific Ocean. Dead zones and garbage patches are just some examples of the horrific effects that water pollution has on the life of all sorts. Every day, millions of sea critters, as well as humans, are victims to a harder life at the hand of pollution. With […]

Fight against Plastic Pollution

Do you ever consider the life of the shopping bag you use to transport your groceries or the plastic straw that seems to come standard now with most beverages? “A bag that is used on average for 15 minutes, yet it could take 100 to 300 years to fragment” according to SAS.org. These often one-time-use plastics do more harm than good when looking at their long half-life and the effects on our environment, even though their implementation into the market […]

Plastic Pollution in the Philippines

The top countries that dispose of the most plastic are all in Asia the Philippines is the third. What is the problem, the Philippines are using too many plastic objects. Who has the pollution affected humans, food sources including, land animals, crops, and wildlife? Solutions what can the Philippines do to help the water pollution and save their and our world. What is the problem? “The Philippines generates 2.7 million tonnes of plastic waste annually and 20 percent – or […]

Pollution in the Pacific Ocean

Pollution has become an ongoing problem throughout the Earth. From air pollution to waste pollution, the Earth is getting destroyed from the carelessness of others. More importantly, plastic is one of the leading problems of waste pollution, as it can take hundreds of years to break down, if at all. As the plastic industries grow, so does the amount of waste that is created, and that trash has to go somewhere. Many don't tend to think about where their trash […]

Campaign against Plastic Pollution

Plastic has become a necessity in man’s life all around the world. Plastics are in everything; your toothbrush, mechanical pencil, cell phone, milk jug, and even your face wash. This “versatile, lightweight, flexible, moisture-resistant, strong, and relatively inexpensive” substance has dire consequences on the ocean environment because it is extremely durable and non-biodegradable (Le Guern, 2018). Consequently, plastic is found floating around in our oceans for decades. Some countries are enforcing taxes, laws, and bans on microplastics (such as plastic […]

Plastic Pollution in Tho Ocean: Facts and Information

To many, the ocean may just serve as a place for water recreation and fishing. However, without the ocean, the Earth would not have the air we breathe. The ocean produces over half the world’s oxygen and absorbs fifty times more carbon than the atmosphere. Covering more than 70 percent of the earth’s surface we truly have only one “World Ocean”. Home to 97 percent of the planet’s water supply saltwater moves from one part of the ocean to another […]

Plastic Pollution and its Effect on the Thermal Capacity of Seawater

The findings of this study indicate that as expected the natural albedo of seawater is susceptible to positive and negative forcing by pollution and natural agents. Comparison of oil and gas pollutants showed inverse temperature change profiles, with the oil sample heating more rapidly and cooling more slowly than seawater, while the plastic sample heated slower and cooled faster than the control. Regarding oil pollution, reports have shown that while a rainbow film of oil over the surface of the […]

Beach Clean-Up Study Shows Global Scope of Plastic Pollution

Have you ever been to the beach and seen trash laying there? Most people who see trash on the beach pick it up and throw it away. But, there are some people who see it and think “It’s just a little bit of trash, I’m sure it’s fine”. If you're one of those people I suggest you stop. There is so much waste in the ocean that destroys the life of marine animals. Not only does it hurt them and […]

Kinds of Pollution: the Future of Environment

Can you stay without light in your life?! Our environment is our light. God created the surroundings in their most beautiful form, but when a shadow got here over this light, our surroundings grew to become darkish and this shadow is us. The environment includes the living and non-living things that an organism interacts with or has an impact on it. Living elements that an organism interacts with are known as biotic elements: animals, plants, etc., abiotic elements are non-living […]

Mercury Pollution in our Ocean

Mercury pollution is everywhere, it's in the air that animals breath and we breath as well. It's also in our land and inside of our beautiful sea. Mercury is a metal that's heavy and is cycled throughout the earth. Mercy pollution is world wide and a global problem. The reason mercury pollution is an issue is because it hurts fish. The fish and shell fish breath in the water through there gills which is inside of the water that they […]

Plastic Pollution in Ocean

Abstract The use of plastic is a part and parcel of modern life. Because of its non-biodegradable nature, plastic garbage creates hazards both on the surface and in the water of seas and oceans. Inhabitants of the oceans are endangered due to plastic pollution. Moreover, the presence of tiny plastic particles in the marine food chain also raises questions about human health and food security. The UN Environment Assembly passed a resolution in Dec. 2017 to eliminate plastic pollution in […]

Plastic Pollution of Earth’s Oceans

Introduction Approximately 300 million tons of plastic is produced every year (Cressey 2016). It's disposable, yet long-lasting nature makes it critical to pose the question “where does all this plastic end up?” A large quantity of the plastic produced eventually ends up floating on the surface of the ocean- some even reach the seafood humans eat (Rochman, 2016). Plastic is a cheap, versatile, disposable material that does not degrade easily, making it a perfect candidate for a variety of uses […]

The Negative Effect of Single Use Plastic

One of the largest producers of plastic wastes in Asia is the Philippines. According to PhilStar Global (2018), about 79 percent of branded plastic residual wastes came from food packaging, followed by household and personal care products with 12 and eight percent, respectively. One of the solutions that the researchers have in mind to minimize producing plastic waste is the banning of single-use plastic. The researchers envision their campus free from single-use plastic and free from its harmful effects on […]

Autoethnography Example: a Personal Journey of Beach Cleanups Across Generations

About a year ago, a group of my friends and myself would go to the beach frequently. We would go just about every weekend. Before settling in and having a good time, we would walk up and down the shore of the beach. We would play a game involving trash that we found on the beach. The game was simple. Whoever found the least amount of trash in 20 minutes would have to run as fast as possible into the […]

How To Write an Essay About Ocean Pollution

Understanding ocean pollution.

Before starting an essay about ocean pollution, it's essential to understand its causes, effects, and the current state of our oceans. Ocean pollution refers to the contamination of the oceans with harmful or potentially harmful materials, like plastic waste, chemicals, and untreated sewage. Begin your essay by outlining the major sources of ocean pollution, which include land-based sources like agricultural runoff, industrial discharges, and coastal activities, as well as ocean-based sources like oil spills and marine debris. Discuss the extent of the problem, highlighting key statistics and studies that reveal the severity of ocean pollution and its impact on marine ecosystems, wildlife, and human health.

Developing a Thesis Statement

A strong essay on ocean pollution should be anchored by a clear, focused thesis statement. This statement should present a specific viewpoint or argument about ocean pollution. For instance, you might discuss the long-term ecological impacts of plastic pollution, analyze the effectiveness of current policies and regulations in reducing ocean pollution, or argue for a specific approach or solution to tackle this global issue. Your thesis will guide the direction of your essay and provide a structured approach to your analysis.

Gathering Supporting Evidence

Support your thesis with relevant data, research findings, and examples. This might include scientific studies on the effects of pollution on marine life, reports from environmental organizations, and examples of successful initiatives to reduce ocean pollution. Use this evidence to support your thesis and build a persuasive argument. Be sure to consider different perspectives and address potential counterarguments to your thesis.

Analyzing the Impact of Ocean Pollution

Dedicate a section of your essay to analyzing the impact of ocean pollution. Discuss various aspects such as its effects on marine biodiversity, the disruption of food chains, the impact on coastal communities, and economic consequences. Explore both the immediate and long-term effects of pollution on the ocean environment and the challenges in mitigating these impacts.

Concluding the Essay

Conclude your essay by summarizing the main points of your discussion and restating your thesis in light of the evidence provided. Your conclusion should tie together your analysis and emphasize the significance of addressing ocean pollution for the health of our planet. You might also want to suggest areas for future research, policy development, or public action to combat ocean pollution.

Reviewing and Refining Your Essay

After completing your essay, review and refine it for clarity and coherence. Ensure that your arguments are well-structured and supported by evidence. Check for grammatical accuracy and ensure that your essay flows logically from one point to the next. Consider seeking feedback from peers, educators, or environmental experts to further improve your essay. A well-written essay on ocean pollution will not only demonstrate your understanding of the issue but also your ability to engage with and analyze complex environmental challenges.

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Home — Essay Samples — Geography & Travel — Beach — My View on The Beauty of the Seashore

My View on The Beauty of The Seashore

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Published: Dec 5, 2018

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Essay on Ocean Pollution

Students are often asked to write an essay on Ocean Pollution in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Ocean Pollution

Ocean pollution: an overview.

Ocean pollution is a grave issue affecting our planet. It involves harmful substances, like plastic and chemicals, entering the ocean, damaging marine life and ecosystems.

Causes of Ocean Pollution

Ocean pollution primarily arises from human activities. Waste, especially plastic, is often dumped into oceans. Oil spills from ships also contribute significantly.

Effects of Ocean Pollution

Ocean pollution harms marine life. Animals ingest plastic or get entangled in it, often leading to their death. It also disrupts the balance of marine ecosystems.

Preventing Ocean Pollution

We can prevent ocean pollution by reducing waste, recycling more, and supporting laws that protect oceans. Everyone’s small efforts can make a big difference.

250 Words Essay on Ocean Pollution

Introduction.

Ocean pollution, a pressing global issue, is the contamination of our seas with harmful substances. This scourge, primarily driven by human activities, poses a significant threat to marine ecosystems and human health.

The primary culprits of ocean pollution are industrial waste, plastic debris, oil spills, and agricultural runoff. Industries often dump waste directly into oceans, releasing toxic chemicals that harm marine life. Plastics, due to their non-biodegradable nature, remain in the ocean for centuries, often ingested by marine animals, leading to their demise. Oil spills have devastating effects, smothering marine life and damaging habitats. Agricultural runoff, rich in fertilizers and pesticides, can cause harmful algal blooms, depleting oxygen levels and creating “dead zones”.

Impacts of Ocean Pollution

Ocean pollution’s impacts are multifaceted. It wreaks havoc on marine biodiversity, leading to population declines and species extinction. It also disrupts the food chain, as toxins accumulate in larger predators through bioaccumulation. In addition, ocean pollution affects human health, as we consume seafood contaminated with toxins.

In conclusion, ocean pollution is a grave issue that demands immediate attention. Sustainable practices, strict regulations, and public awareness are key to mitigating this crisis. As we rely heavily on oceans for sustenance and recreation, it is our collective responsibility to safeguard them for future generations.

500 Words Essay on Ocean Pollution

Introduction: the deepening crisis of ocean pollution.

Ocean pollution, a growing environmental concern, poses significant threats to marine ecosystems and human health. The ocean, which covers over 70% of the earth’s surface, is the lifeblood of our planet. It regulates climate, feeds millions of people, and is home to an incredible array of wildlife. However, the health of our oceans is under severe threat from anthropogenic activities.

The Sources of Ocean Pollution

Ocean pollution stems from numerous sources. The primary culprit is land-based activities, which account for approximately 80% of marine pollution. Industrial effluents, untreated sewage, agricultural run-off, and plastic waste are all discharged into rivers and ultimately flow into the oceans.

Maritime activities are another significant source of ocean pollution. Oil spills from ships, discarded fishing gear, and discharge of ballast water introduce harmful substances into the marine environment.

Impacts on Marine Ecosystems

The impacts of ocean pollution on marine ecosystems are profound and far-reaching. Plastic debris, for instance, entangles and injures marine animals. Many species, including sea turtles and seabirds, mistake plastic for food, leading to ingestion, malnutrition, and often death.

Chemical pollutants, on the other hand, can disrupt the reproductive processes of marine organisms. Heavy metals and other toxic substances bioaccumulate in marine food chains, posing health risks not only to marine life but also to humans consuming seafood.

Climate Change and Ocean Pollution

Ocean pollution also exacerbates the impacts of climate change. Nutrient run-off from agriculture can cause algal blooms, leading to ‘dead zones’ where oxygen levels are so low most marine life cannot survive. These areas are increasing due to global warming, which raises ocean temperatures and lowers oxygen levels.

Additionally, carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels are absorbed by the oceans, causing ocean acidification. This threatens the survival of shell-forming organisms and coral reefs, which are vital for marine biodiversity.

Addressing Ocean Pollution

Addressing ocean pollution requires a multi-pronged approach. At the policy level, stricter regulations are needed for waste disposal and agricultural run-off. International cooperation is also essential to manage pollution from maritime activities.

Technological innovations can also play a key role. For instance, developing more efficient waste management systems and promoting biodegradable materials can reduce the amount of waste entering the oceans.

Public awareness and education are also crucial. By understanding the sources and impacts of ocean pollution, individuals can make more informed choices, such as reducing plastic consumption and responsibly disposing of waste.

Conclusion: The Urgent Call to Preserve Our Oceans

Ocean pollution is a complex and pressing issue that threatens the health of our planet. As we move forward, it is imperative that we view the oceans not as an endless resource and dumping ground, but as a vital ecosystem that needs our protection. Through a combination of policy, technology, and education, we can begin to turn the tide on ocean pollution.

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The Top Ten Ocean Stories of 2020

From the discovery of a giant coral reef pinnacle to a shocking estimate of plastics on the seafloor, these were the biggest marine moments of the year

Danielle Hall

The year in ocean news was filled with stories that inspired awe and wonder, including one on the discovery of new species of squid and another on a broken underwater record set by a whale. But more sobering events also occurred, including a shipwreck that caused a devastating oil spill in the Indian Ocean. And scientists exploring the deep made key finds, such as a spiraled gelatinous creature that may be the biggest animal on the planet. In order to remind you of the biggest saltwater moments of the past 12 months, the National Museum of Natural History’s Ocean Portal team has rounded up the ten biggest ocean stories.

An Oil Spill Devastates Mauritius

In July, a Japanese tanker ran aground on a coral reef off the coast of Mauritius and an estimated quarter of the ship’s 4,000 tons of heavy bunker oil leaked into the surrounding ocean. Though the spill wasn’t one of the biggest in recent years, it made headlines because it occurred in a sensitive hotspot of biodiversity. The oil entered two UNESCO Ramsar sites , wetlands of international importance, including the Blue Bay Marine Park reserve that forms the basis of Mauritius’ tourist-based economy. The coral reefs, mangrove forests and seagrass beds in the affected area will all likely suffer significant damage, including species die offs and chronic health issues. Residents of all ages took it upon themselves to help steer the oil away from shore by building booms made of clothing, plastic bottles and sugar cane leaves. The tanker’s company aims to complete oil cleanup by January, but as seen in other notorious spills, the damage to the ecosystem will likely continue for many years.

Deep Sea Fishes Blend Into the Darkness

An invisibility cloak may seem like a disguise suitable for only science fiction or fantasy, but a few deep sea fishes get close to the real thing. Smithsonian and Duke University scientists found ultra-black fishes—like the Pacific blackdragon, the anglerfish and the black swallower—have a special arrangement of black pigments within their skin that absorb at least 99.5 percent of light. For comparison, black construction paper only absorbs 10 percent. Why would a fish that lives in a place void of sunlight resort to such tactics? Deep sea creatures commonly produce flashy displays of bioluminescence to attract prey, so an ultra-black skin can help fish in the vicinity avoid illumination. Ultra-black coloration can even help hide a predator fish from its own light. This oceanic discovery may spark innovations including ultra-black materials that could be used as camouflage for night ops.

Scientists Observe a Ram’s Horn Squid

The ram’s horn squid’s unique shell often washes ashore on beaches, but before now, scientists had never seen a living individual . While surveying deep sea regions of the Great Barrier Reef, the Schmidt Ocean Institute's remotely operated vehicle SuBastian captured video of the squid about 2,790 feet below the surface. While most living squids have an internal hard-shell remnant known as a pen, the ram’s horn squid has an internal shell shaped more like the external, coiled shell of its cousin the nautilus. The squid swam with its head facing up toward the ocean’s surface, the complete opposite of how scientists believed the animal moved. Often, a shell is used as a floatation device atop the body. The chambered shell works like a submarine’s ballast system , with fluid and gas passing between chambers to adjust internal shell pressure as depth changes. The ram’s horn squid’s perplexing reversal of convention is fitting for an animal that has avoided detection until now, and scientists hope to learn more about how it is able to swim with such a body structure.

A Whale Shatters an Underwater Record

A Cuvier’s beaked whale set the record for the longest dive by a marine mammal when it logged a three hour and 42 minutes plunge, according to a paper published in September . The previous record, held by a Cuvier’s beaked whale in 2014 and heralded as an amazing accomplishment, was two hours and 18 minutes. The recent Cuvier’s beaked whale’s dip was seven times the expected duration for the mammal’s size and metabolism; scientists calculate that species should max out at 33 minutes. The impressive dive is likely at the limit of the animal’s physiological capabilities, as many other individuals tagged in the study dove for an hour or so. To achieve such feats, scientists think Cuvier’s beaked whales likely decrease their heart rates to lower their metabolism and shuttle blood away from certain organs and toward the brain and muscles.

Scientists Discover a New Coral Reef

The largest and most famous coral reef in the world, the Great Barrier Reef, can still amaze even the most traveled ocean explorers. During an expedition off the coast of Australia, researchers aboard the Falkor , a vessel run by the Schmidt Ocean Institute, discovered a massive coral reef pinnacle that reached a height taller than the Empire State Building. Offshore and separate from the rest of the reef system, this tower of limestone emerges from the deep seabed and acts as a substrate for coral and sea life to grow and flourish. Nearly a third of a mile tall, the structure rises to within 130 feet of the ocean’s surface. The pinnacle is the first new large element of the Great Barrier Reef to be identified in more than a century.

Researchers Accidentally Create the Sturddlefish

Scientists can coax sturgeon eggs to spontaneously grow without the aid of insemination by mixing the eggs with another species’ sperm. To spur sturgeon growth, researchers in Hungary used paddlefish sperm because they thought it would be unable to fuse with the sturgeon eggs. While both fish live their adult lives in coastal waters, paddlefish breed in fresh water in North America and sturgeon breed in fresh water in Russia. The species’ closest common relative existed 184 million years ago. The scientists were wrong. Hundreds of hybrids were born and at least 100 survived for several months. The nicknamed “sturddlefish” has physical characteristics of both the sturgeon and the paddlefish. They are likely sterile and the researchers don’t plan to breed any more, leaving these captive fish as truly one of a kind.

Scientists Find a Gelatinous Titan

Even planet Earth has a few marvels that rival imaginary visions of alien life. The giant sea whorl of 2020 is one of them. This large siphonophore, a gelatinous creature similar to a jellyfish, wowed ocean scientists exploring the deep sea off the coast of Western Australia. A team of researchers from institutes including the Western Australia Museum , the Schmidt Ocean Institute and the Scripps Institution of Oceanography discovered the Apolemia siphonophore while operating a remotely operated vehicle, named SuBastian. From afar, the creature looked like silly string strung in a massive spiraled pattern. Though it was difficult to determine the exact length of the siphonophore, scientists estimated its outer ring was about 154 feet long. According to the researchers who discovered it, it is likely the longest animal ever recorded.

Quiet Oceans Create an Unexpected Opportunity

COVID-19 seems to affect all facets of life, including the study of ocean life. Pandemic related restrictions have significantly decreased ship traffic, one of the major contributors of underwater noise pollution. Now, several, research groups are taking advantage of the quieter than normal seas to study the reactions of whales . Noise pollution is known to drown out whale vocalizations related to mating and hunting. Loud noises from sonar use and sea mining can also harm whale internal ear structures, and may cause the marine mammals to engage in deadly avoidance behavior like deep dives and strandings. Scientists are now collecting hormone and genetic data from biopsy samples during the relative underwater quiet resulting from the pandemic to detect whale health norms. They will then compare what they find to data from samples gathered after noise ramps back up again to further understand how marine commotion may stress the animals.

A Lot of Plastic Sinks

Every year, ocean plastic makes headlines and this year is no different. A new study determined that roughly 15 million tons of microplastics have sunk to the deep sea, which is double the estimated amount of plastic floating at the ocean’s surface. The estimate was based upon a seafloor sampling project off the coast of Australia that recovered sediment. The researchers measured the amount of microplastics in the samples and then used that data to calculate microplastic abundance worldwide. Sadly, the scientists acknowledge that their estimate was conservative, meaning that likely even more plastic sits at the bottom of the ocean.

An Astronaut Notches a Deep Sea First

Taking a dive aboard a submersible to the deepest part of the ocean is a remarkable accomplishment only a few can claim. In 2012, filmmaker James Cameron descended more than 35,000 feet to Challenger Deep in the first solo dive completed. Since then, American explorer Victor Vescovo has visited the Challenger Deep eight times. His submersible, Limiting Factor , has also shuttled other explorers to the location—including Kathryn Sullivan, a geologist and former NASA astronaut. On July 7, 2020, Sullivan became both the first woman to descend to Challenger Deep and the first person to visit it and space.

Get the latest Science stories in your inbox.

Danielle Hall | READ MORE

Danielle Hall is a digital producer at Smithsonian’s Ocean Portal. She has a Master’s in Science Journalism and Communication from Stony Brook University and is an ocean lover and travel enthusiast.

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Essay on the oceans.

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Read this essay to learn about the Oceans. After reading this essay you will learn about: 1. Discovery of the Oceans 2. Relief of the Oceans 3. Salinity 4. Oceanic Deposits 5. Temperature of Ocean Water 6. Movements of Ocean Current.

Contents:

Essay on the Movements of Ocean Current

Essay # 1. Discovery of the Oceans:

The oceans, comprising more than 70 per cent or 140 million square miles of the earth’s surface, have tremendous potential waiting to be developed. Besides being a source of food—fish, mammals, reptiles, salt and other marine foodstuffs—the tides can be harnessed to provide power.

Formal oceanographic investigation began only with the British expedition of the Challenger (1873-1876), the first successful world-wide deep-sea expedition.

Oceanography, the science of the oceans, has become such an important subject in recent years that researches into the deep seas have been conducted by many institutions, universities, government ministries and other international organizations.

The most famous international oceanographic research centre is the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea with its headquarters in Copenhagen. Ocean exploration for the observation and recording of oceanographic data is a very expensive matter.

It involves the operation and maintenance of specially equipped vessels in mid- ocean for long periods, and large-scale oceanographic researches are” thus best undertaken by international bodies. The older echo-sounding techniques have now been replaced by radar sounding and electrical echo devices to find the precise depth; of ocean floors and map the relief of the oceans.

Trained frog-men equipped with modern breathing apparatus are employed to gather valuable information from great depths. Deep sea core samples are obtained by boring for the study of the oceanic deposits—the various kinds of oozes, muds and clays.

Automatic-recording thermometers and other sensitive instruments can be lowered to any required depth by stationary vessels with laboratory facilities for processing any required data.

For the observation and measurement of current flow, various kinds of current meters using propellers, vanes or pendulums have been designed. Sealed bottles and other floating objects containing instructions for reporting their precise time and place of discovery are released in large numbers to compute the rate and direction of drift and current flow.

With all these modem techniques at the disposal of the oceanographers, our knowledge of the mysteries of the oceans is greatly increased. But there is still much to be discovered.

Essay # 2. Relief of the Oceans:

The ocean basins are in many ways similar to the land surface. There are submarine ridges, plateaux, canyons, plains and trenches. A section drawn across an ocean (Fig. 92) illustrates the typical submarine relief features.

(i) The continental shelf:

This is, in fact, the seaward extension of the continent from the shoreline to the continental edge marked, approximately, by the 100 fathom (600 feet) isobath (isobaths are contours marking depths below sea level).

The continental shelf is thus a shallow platform whose width varies greatly, from a few miles in the North Pacific off the continent of North America, to over 100 miles off north-west Europe. In some places where the coasts are extremely mountainous, such as the Rocky Mountain and Andean coasts, the continental shelf may be entirely absent.

Off broad lowland coasts like those of Arctic Siberia, a maximum width of 750 miles has been recorded! A width of 20 to 100 miles is generally encountered. The angle of the slope is also variable, and is normally least where the continental shelf is widest. A gradient of 1 in 500 is common to most continental shelves.

Many regard the continental shelf as part of the continent submerged due to a rise in sea level, e.g. at the close of the Ice Age, when the ice in the temperate latitudes melted and raised the sea level by several hundred feet.

Some smaller continental shelves could have been caused by wave erosion where the land is being eroded by the sea as shown in Fig. 93. Conversely such shelves might have been formed by the deposition of land-derived or river- borne materials on the off-shore terrace as in Fig. 94.

The continental shelves are of great geographical significance for the following reasons:

(a) Their shallowness enables sunlight to penetrate through the water, which encourages the growth of minute plants and other microscopic organisms. They are thus rich in plankton on which millions of surface and bottom-feeding fishes thrive. The continental shelves are therefore the richest fishing grounds in the world, e.g. the Grand Banks off Newfoundland, the North Sea and the Sunda Shelf.

(b) Their limited depth and gentle slope keep out cold under-currents and increase the height of tides. This sometimes hinders shipping and other marine activities since ships can only enter and leave port on the tide. Most of the world’s greatest seaports including Southampton, London, Hamburg, Rotterdam, Hong Kong and Singapore are located on continental shelves.

(ii) The continental slope:

At the edge of the continental shelf, there is an abrupt change of gradient to about 1 in 20, forming the continental slope.

(iii) The deep-sea plain:

This is the undulating plain lying two to three miles below sea level, and covering two-thirds of the ocean floor, generally termed the abyssal plain. It was once thought to be featureless, but modern sounding devices reveal that the abyssal plain is far from being level.

It has extensive submarine plateaux, ridges, trenches, basins, and oceanic islands that rise above sea level in the midst of oceans, e.g. the Azores, Ascension Island.

(iv) The ocean deeps:

These are the long, narrow trenches that plunge as great ocean deeps to a depth of 5,000 fathoms or 30,000 feet! Contrary to our expectations, most of the deepest trenches are not located in the midst of oceans. They are more often found close to the continents, particularly in the Pacific Ocean, where several deep trenches have been sounded.

The greatest known ocean deep is the Mariana Trench near Guam Island, which is more than 36,000 feet deep. We can see from this that ocean trenches are greater in magnitude than the highest mountains on land, for the highest peak Mt. Everest is only 29,028 feet.

Other notable ocean deeps include the Mindanao Deep (35,000 feet), the Tonga Trench (31,000 feet) and the Japanese Trench (28,000 feet), all in the Pacific Ocean.

Essay # 3. Salinity of the Ocean:

Almost every known chemical element can be found in varying proportions in the oceans whose most characteristic feature is their salinity, in contrast to the fresh water of lakes and streams. All sea water contains large amounts of dissolved mineral matter of which sodium chloride or common salt alone constitutes more than 77 per cent.

The other more important compounds include magnesium, calcium and potassium, while the rest are distinguishable only in traces of very minute quantities. Due to the free movement of ocean water, the proportions of different salts, remain remarkably constant in all oceans and even to great depths. But the degree of concentration of the salt solution in oceans does vary appreciably in different areas.

This is expressed as salinity, the degree of saltiness of water, either as a percentage or more often in parts per thousand. Variations are shown in salinity distribution maps by isohalines, lines joining places having an equal degree of salinity.

Generally speaking, the average salinity of the oceans is 35.2 %0, about 35 parts of salt in 1,000 parts of water. In the Baltic Sea, where there is much dilution by fresh water and melting ice, the salinity is much lower, only about 7%0. In the Red Sea where there is much surface evaporation and fewer rivers to bring in fresh water, the average salinity increases to 39%0.

In enclosed seas, which are areas of inland drainage, such as the Caspian Sea, the salinity is very- high, 180 %0, and in the Dead Sea of Palestine, a salinity of 250 %0 has been recorded. The highest salinity is perhaps, that of Lake Van, in Asia Minor, with 330 %0.

It is a salt lake, and salts are collected from its shores. The density of the water is so high that in Lake Van or the Dead Sea, it is almost impossible to sink. Beginner-swimmers will find it much easier to float here than anywhere else! The variation of salinity in the various seas and oceans is affected by the following factors.

(i) The rate of evaporation:

The waters fringing the High Pressure Belts of the Trade Wind Deserts, between 20° and 30°N. and S., have high salinity because of the high rate of evaporation caused by high temperature and low humidity. The temperate oceans have lower salinity due to the lower temperature and a lower rate of evaporation.

(ii) The amount of fresh water added by precipitation, streams and icebergs:

Salinity is lower than the average 35 %0 in equatorial waters because of the heavy daily rainfall and high relative humidity. Oceans into which huge rivers like the Amazon, Congo, Ganges, Irrawaddy and Mekong drain, have much of their saltiness diluted and have a lower salinity.

The Baltic, Arctic and Antarctic waters have a salinity of less than 32 %0 because of the colder climate with little evaporation and because much fresh water is added from the melting of icebergs, as well as by several large pole ward-bound rivers, e.g. Ob, Lena, Yenisey, and Mackenzie.

(iii) The degree of water mixing by currents:

In wholly or partially enclosed seas such as the Caspian Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea and Persian Gulf, the waters do not mix freely with the ocean water and they are not penetrated by ocean currents.

Salinity is high, often over 37%0. In areas of inland drainage without links with the oceans, continuous evaporation under an almost cloudless sky causes the accumulation of salts around the shores.

In the open oceans where currents freely flow, salinity tends to be near the average 35 %0 or even a little lower. The range of salinity is negligible where there is free mixing of water by surface and sub-surface currents.

Essay # 4. Oceanic Deposits of the Ocean:

Materials eroded from the earth which are not deposited by rivers or at the coast are eventually dropped on the ocean floor. The dominant process is slow sedimentation where the eroded particles very slowly filter through the ocean water and settle upon one another in layers.

The thickness of the layer of sediments is still unknown. Its rate of accumulation is equally uncertain. Generally speaking, we may classify all the oceanic deposits as either muds, oozes or clays.

(i) The muds:

These are terrigenous deposits because they are derived from land and are mainly deposited on the continental shelves. The muds are referred to as blue, green or red muds; their colouring depends upon their chemical content.

(ii) The oozes:

These are pelagic deposits because they are derived from the oceans. They are made of the shelly and skeletal remains of marine microorganisms with calcareous or siliceous parts. Oozes have a very fine, flour-like texture and either occur as accumulated deposits or float about in suspension.

(iii) The clays:

These occur mainly as red clays in the deeper parts of the ocean basins, and are particularly abundant in the Pacific Ocean. Red clay is believed to be an accumulation of volcanic dust blown out from volcanoes during volcanic eruptions.

Essay # 5. Temperature of Ocean Water:

Like land masses, ocean water varies in temperature from place to place both at the surface and at great depths. Since water warms up and cools down much more slowly than the land, the annual range of temperature in any part of the ocean is very much smaller.

It is less than 10°F for most of the open seas. Generally, the mean annual temperature of the surface ocean water decreases from about 70°F. in equatorial areas to 55°F. at latitudes 45°N. and S., and drops almost to freezing-point at the poles.

The reduction of temperature with latitude is however never constant, because of the interference by warm and cold currents, winds and air masses. Unlike the solid earth, ocean water is mobile and variations in the temperature between different parts of the oceans can be expected.

Water flowing out from the Arctic and Antarctic as cold currents, such as the Labrador Current off north-east Canada, tends to reduce the surface-water temperature. Ports of eastern Canada even at 45°N are thus icebound for almost half the year. In the same way, coasts warmed by warm currents, such as the North Atlantic Drift, have their surface temperature raised. The Norwegian coast, even at latitudes 60° to 70°N. is ice-free throughout the year!

The highest water temperatures are found in enclosed seas in the tropics, e.g. the Red Sea which records a temperature of 85° to 100°F. The Arctic and Antarctic waters are so cold that their surface is permanently frozen as pack-ice down to a depth of several feet. In the warmer summer, parts of the ice break off as icebergs that both dilute the water and lower the surface temperature of surrounding ice-free seas.

The temperature of the oceans also varies vertically with increasing depth. It decreases rapidly for the first 200 fathoms, at the rate of 1 °F. for every 10 fathoms, and then more slowly until a depth of 500 fathoms is reached. Beyond this, the drop is scarcely noticeable, less than 1°F. for every 100 fathoms.

In the ocean deeps below 2,000 fathoms (12,000 feet), the water is uniformly cold, just a little above freezing-point. It is interesting to note that even in the deepest ocean trenches, more than 6 miles below the surface, the water never freezes. It is estimated that over 80 per cent of all ocean waters have a temperature between 35° and 40°F.

Essay # 6. Movements of Ocean Current:

Ocean currents are large masses of surface water that circulate in regular patterns around the oceans, as shown in the world map in Fig. 95. Those that flow from equatorial regions pole wards have a higher surface temperature and are warm currents.

Some of the underlying factors are explained below:

(i) The planetary winds:

Between the equator and the tropics blow the Trade Winds which move equatorial waters pole wards and westwards and warm the eastern coasts of continents. For example the North-East Trade Winds move the North Equatorial Current and its derivatives, the Florida Current and the Gulf Stream Drift to warm the southern and eastern coasts of U.S.A.

Similarly, the South-East Trade Winds drive the South Equatorial Current which warms the eastern coast of Brazil as the warm Brazilian Current.

In the temperate latitudes blow the Westerlies. Though they are less reliable than the Trade Winds, they result in a north-easterly flow of water in the northern hemisphere, so that the warm Gulf Stream is driven to the western coast of Europe as the North Atlantic Drift.

In a similar manner, the Westerlies of the southern hemisphere, drive the West Wind Drift equator wards as the Peruvian Current off South America and the Benguela Current off southern Africa. The planetary winds are probably the dominant influence on the flow of ocean currents.

The strongest evidence of prevailing winds on current flows is seen in the North Indian Ocean. Here the direction of the currents changes completely with the direction of the monsoon winds which come from the north-east in winter and south-west in summer.

(ii) Temperatures:

There is much difference in the temperature of ocean waters at the equator and at the poles. As warm water is lighter and rises, and cold water is denser and sinks, warm equatorial waters move slowly along the surface pole wards, while the heavier cold waters of the polar regions creep slowly along the bottom of the sea equator wards.

(iii) Salinity:

The salinity of ocean water varies from place to place. Waters of high salinity are denser than waters of low salinity. Hence waters of low salinity flow on the surface of waters of high salinity while waters of high salinity flow at the bottom towards waters of low salinity.

For example in the Mediterranean region, there is great difference in salinity between the waters of the open Atlantic and those of the partially enclosed Mediterranean Sea. The less saline water of the Atlantic flows on the surface into the Mediterranean, and this is compensated for by an outflow of denser bottom water from the Mediterranean.

(iv) The earth’s rotation:

The earth’s rotation deflects freely moving objects, including ocean currents, to the right. In the northern hemisphere this is a clockwise direction (e.g. the circulation of the Gulf Stream Drift and the Canaries Current). In the southern hemisphere it is an anti-clockwise direction (e.g. the Brazilian Current and the West Wind Drift).

A land mass always obstructs and diverts a current. For instance, the tip of southern Chile diverts part of the West Wind Drift northwards as the Peruvian Current. Similarly the ‘shoulder’ of Brazil at Cape Sao Roque, divides the west-flowing equatorial currents into the Cayenne Current which flows north-westwards and the Brazilian Current which flows south-westwards.

Short Paragraphs on Ocean and Seas
Ocean Energy: Essay on Ocean Energy Resources Present in India

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Short Essay On The Pacific Ocean

The Pacific Ocean is very broad. It is home to many exotic plants and unique sea creatures such as fish that can camouflage themselves, crustaceans, mollusks, and many more. It has more than 25,000 islands and there are many plant-looking things in the Pacific that are actually not plants. The Pacific Ocean and the living things in it are examples of God’s power. The Pacific is the largest ocean on the earth. It covers over 60 million square miles (Gonzales 5). The Pacific Ocean borders Asia, Australia, North and South America; it goes from the Arctic Circle in the North to the Southern Ocean in the South (Gonzales 6). The climate is different in parts of the Pacific Ocean. North Pacific has long cold winters and short cool summers, where as South Pacific has cool winters and mild summers (Gonzales 6). Waves …show more content…

The earth’s climate gets warmer which could lead to extinction of species (Gonzales 39). Due to the atmosphere changes, there is more carbon dioxide in the air which could fall into the ocean making the water acidic which is called Acidification. Acidification weakens shells of mussels, snails, and other shellfish (Gonzales 39). Unfortunately there is a great deal of pollution in the Pacific. The pollution consist of things such as trash, oil, and sewage. Pollution kills ocean life almost instantly (Gonzales 40). Overfishing is another problem. It is caused when fish do not reproduce as fast as they are caught. An example of overfishing is commercial fishing. Commercial fishing is where companies package and sell large amounts of fish (Gonzales 412). Depletion is when a species population becomes very small due to pollution and overfishing. It can lead to extinction (Gonzales 42). Although things are hurting the Pacific, it is good to know that there are many people and charities helping the Pacific including the thousands of Islands that are in

Examples Of Invasive Species Affecting The Everglades Ecosystem

The increase in the changes of climate is affecting the delicate coral reefs. Coral reefs depend on a balanced temperature to thrive. The increased water temperature due to global warming are causing the coral to become bleached. They turn white and die. This also kills the wildlife and algae that live in them.

Personal Narrative Essay: Whaling In Hawaii

Hello, are you doing, fine without me? I am doing fine with my new job. Currently we are stopping nearby the island of Hawaii. We came here whaling to restock the supplies and to rebuild our food supplies, because recently we’ve only eaten 2 pieces of crackers. Sorry for not following your warnings, but I really wanted to start my dream job.

Atlantic World Essay

The Atlantic world from 1492 to 1750 experienced economic and social transformations due to new contacts among the major continents that bordered the Atlantic Ocean. Western Europe, Africa, and the Americas saw dramatic economic and social changes caused by the slave trade, the increase of trade, and the Europeans “discovery” of America. The Atlantic world experienced great Economic changes created by the new global connections established between continents that allowed the expansion of trades, slave trades, and the claiming of land. Due to the new found connections the participants of trade all over the world brought home new goods, mainly from Europe, and materials previously never seen before or goods they were in need of.

Rhetorical Analysis Of Sarah Freeman's Article 'The Ethicalist'

Sarah Freeman’s article in The Ethicalist explains the negative effects humans have on the ocean. These negative effects include plastic pollution, global warming, and worst of all, overfishing. Overfishing occurs when a fish species is wild caught faster than it can reproduce. This leads to fewer fish in the ocean, meaning less marine biodiversity (Freeman). After Freeman spends most of her article explaining how the oceans are suffering, she then starts talking about what can be done to prevent a baren sea.

The Great Pacific Garbage Patch Essay

Nowadays debris is an integral part of humanity life. Mankind thinks about how to make the product easier and cheaper to use, but nobody cares what happens with waste after it was used. We contaminate the environment with every decade increasingly: muddied air and water, global warming are an output of human life. The worst thing is that from such attitude other living beings are dying. Millions of animals and birds cannot withstand such environmental changes; their populations become smaller and, eventually, disappear altogether from the face of the earth.

Compare And Contrast Ocean Vs Space Exploration

Ocean V. Space Exploration The ocean covers more than 70% of the Earth, yet we’ve explored only around 5% of it. This means there is so much more to explore in the ocean. The one reason we haven’t explored as much of the ocean is because of space. Space is wildly more popular, and has proven its worth with many advancements.

What Is The Effect Of Pollution On Marine Life

About 71 percent of our planet Earth is covered by water, and the majority comes from the oceans (about 96.5 percent of all Earth’s water). It remains as the most expansive, diverse, and mysterious places on planet Earth. But it is being threatened by the pollution by people and nature itself. By polluting the habitat of marine organism will indirectly affect the ecosystem of the marine life. Marine life is dying and as the result the oceanic ecosystem is threatened.

Synthesis Essay About Water Pollution

Water Pollution is a huge environmental problem that has serious effects on marine habitats, animals, and water quality. BP1: The world's marine habitat has been getting worse because of how bad the pollution has gotten. “ Over 80% of marine pollution comes from land based activities “ (source 5 ). This quote explains how most of the water pollution is caused by human activity. “ Plastic litter does not degrade, can be expected to last in the oceans for hundreds of years “ ( source 6 ).

Persuasive Speech On Global Warming

Name: Khalid Albaiji Section: SC135 TOPIC: Global Warming GENERAL PURPOSE: To Persuade SPECIFIC PURPOSE: To persuade my audience to aware them about the harmful effects of Global Warming and encourage the audience to help make a difference to stop global warming.

Persuasive Speech On Overfishing

1. 90-100 million tons are killed and wiped off the planet each year. Consisting of some of the most beautiful creatures on the planet. Fish are a primary food source to 3.5 billion people worldwide and the depletion of the species is leaving millions of people hungry. Over fishing is a huge problem that needs to be stopped.

Persuasive Essay On Ocean Animals

Are they impacting it in a bad or good way?The national geographics state that, “Hurricanes and typhoons, storm surges, tsunamis and the like can cause massive, though usually temporary, disruptions in the life cycles of ocean plants and animals. Human activities, however, are significantly more impactful and persistent.” (https://www.nationalgeographic.com)Humans are destroying the ocean, but they’re not the only thing that is destroying. Yes we cant stop those from happening but we cans top putting things inside witch is destroying our earth, mixed in with mother nature, we definitely need to stop. With what “mother nature” can do we cant risk anything happening to the ocean (which is actually talking, could potentially destroy the earth.)What are we doing, and how are they impacting the earth?The same site acknowledges that, “sea turtles swim around the worlds warm oceans and nest on the beach.

Consequences Of Overfishing

Hence, overfishing threatens coastal nations down to the local level, devastating communities whose dominant sources of labor and revenue hinges on healthy, plentiful stocks of fish. Also, marine life imbalance may affect the targeted fishing of top predators such as billfish, sharks and tuna that eventually disturbs marine communities. In fact, it is causing increased abundance of smaller marine animals at the bottom of the food chain. This in turn has impacts on the rest of the marine ecosystem, such as the increased growth of algae and threats to coral reef health.

Ocean Descriptive Essay

The ocean… The sound of the waves applauding and hugging the shore. The internal sounds of the body out in the world’s biggest swimming pool. The echo of my sister’s laughter. The salty smell so strong that one can taste it dancing on ones taste buds.

Potential Use Of Big Data In Ocean Pollution Analysis

Marine pollution such as presence of organic matter in the ocean can result in the condition known as hypoxia or oxygen depletion and this can have adverse effect on the marine life including plant and animals and fish. Death of these fish can result in loss of millions of US dollars that are generate from the fishing industry. Marine pollution can also result in presence of foul smell resulting from the decomposing sewage being directed to the ocean and this has the effects to hinder recreational activities taking place in the sea as well as cause discomfort and breathing problem to the surrounding population (Laura, 11).marine pollution can also result in danger to human health. The human swimmers and water sport lovers can become endangered by swimming in the polluted marine waters (Laura,

Marine Pollution Essay

The ocean is nowadays undergoing numerous environmental issues that further lead to marine pollution. Marine pollution is a very serious environmental issue that most of the countries of the world encounter. Aquatic littering is considered as one of the major causes of marine environment. The misleading use of the marine environment is extremely impacting the marine life and ecosystems. Moreover, the total amount of toxins and debris discharged by human beings is incredibly increasing in today 's world.

More about Short Essay On The Pacific Ocean

Student Essay: Plastic In Our Oceans

Plastic in Our Oceans

We use plastic everyday: In the form of bags to bring groceries in from the car, containers or bags to pack lunch, and even plastic water bottles. What would you think if I told you that most of this plastic is being dumped into our oceans? Well, it is. Every minute a garbage truck of plastic is being dumped into our oceans. Every day hundreds of animals are dying because plastic poisons or traps them- even seaweed and coral reefs are being destroyed. Plastic is destroying the oceans piece by piece but we can stop that. The oceans need our help, the animals need our help, and the environment does too.

Plastic is Destroying Our Oceans

Think of the oceans: The blue abyss of water, the colorful fish swimming in their homes, the waves breaking and rippling at the surface, and the coral reefs overflowing with blue sharks and rainbow fish. Picture the seaweed shimmering in the sunlight, spreading through the water in rays of golden light, dappling the sandy sea floor with shifting patterns of yellow and gold. All this is in danger because of plastic.

Every year at least 8 million tons of plastic are dumped into the oceans. That is the equivalent dumping a garbage truck into our beautiful oceans every minute. According to the Earth Day Network’s article End Plastic Pollution ‘There is more plastic than natural prey at the surface of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.’

Have you ever heard of ‘ the Great Pacific Garbage Patch’? Yes, that’s a thing. A ‘garbage patch’ is an area of the ocean where the plastic build up is so bad, it can span for over 5 million square miles. “That is the equivalent of the area of the U.S. plus India” (Sea Turtle Conservancy).

Have you ever been snorkeling or scuba diving? Think of all the colorful coral reefs, the beautiful rainbows of striped fish swimming peacefully through the water. Bubbles and seaweed, colors and coral. All this is in danger. Plastic is destroying the oceans, killing the reefs, and hurting the animals that live in the water. Plastic is clouding the ocean with debris and turning blue waves of water to rolling hills of garbage and killing millions of creatures everyday.

Marine Animals Need Our Help

“Over 100 million marine animals are killed each year due to plastic debris in the ocean” (Sea Turtle Conservancy). Some are trapped by plastic floating by and others mistake it for food. In some parts of the ocean, “there is more plastic than natural prey at the surface” (Earth Day Network). But while plastic may not be a natural predator, it is a predator in some ways. While a turtle is swimming along it may become tangled in plastic bags or stray fishing nets, trapping it at the surface, drowning it and starving it. Animals die every day by being tangled in a prison of netting and plastic.

Micro-plastics are small particles of broken-down plastic, some smaller than a fingernail! Many animals in the ocean think the particles are food. When a fish eats plastic it starves because plastic cannot be digested. The plastic stays in the creature’s stomach and prevents it from eating real food. It starves and dies. When some animals eat plastic they hurt more than themselves. In a documentary called ‘Blue Planet’ divers filmed a pod of whales. One mother ate plastic particles instead of krill. When her baby whale nursed, he drank the particles. The baby whale died. His mother tugged him around for days afterwards not wanting to let him go. Many animals can also get trapped in debris and many can be poisoned by plastic particles. Plastic is hurting the animals in the oceans and also the environment.

The Environment is in Danger

Not only are animals being killed by plastic, but also the environment they live in is being damaged. Plastic is killing animals who play a big part in the ecosystem and keeping the oceans clean and healthy. Eventually the effect plastic is having on the environment is going to affect you, one way or another, starting with coral reefs.

All over the oceans, plastic is killing coral. “Coral reefs are home to more than 25% of marine life” (Earth Day Network). Coral reefs are home to a large range of octopuses, sharks, and clown fish. Everything from Great White Sharks to cleaner fish and turtles to blue ringed octopus, depend on the reefs, and plastic is killing their home and disturbing the ecosystem.

Some animals, such as sea turtles, seals, sea lions, whales, and dolphins are going extinct because of plastic pollution and global warming. Seaweed provides a home to seahorses, breeding grounds for fish, and hunting grounds for sharks. But without turtles the seaweed would become overgrown and unhealthy. The green sea turtles eat and clean the seaweed. If sea turtles go extinct there will be no homes for seahorses and no breeding grounds for fish. Sharks will lose a valuable hunting ground too! All of these things are going to affect you. When you eat fish for dinner you will also be consuming the plastic that fish has recently tried to digest and kept in its system. When you go out to snorkel and admire the beautiful reefs or blue abyss of water it will all be clouded with garbage. But we can stop this.

How You Can Help

So now you know that the plastic you use every day is killing animals, disturbing the ecosystem, and filling our oceans with garbage. You may be thinking, “Yes, plastic does hurt the oceans, but it also helps people a lot!” And it does! Plastic is the most lunch for the day, or even the most convenient thing to bring as a water bottle!

But there are alternatives to plastic that are just as good if not better! For packing food you can use Tupperware, or if you think that could be lost or broken, use parchment paper. For bringing groceries in or carrying lunch, use reusable bags-they last longer and are more durable than plastic bags, and many grocery stores give you a discount for bringing your own bags. For carrying water you can get water bottles that won’t leak or spill. You can help the oceans and the animals that live there even more. Professionals, including the Sea Turtle Conservancy, agree the following are good ways to help.

Remember to reduce, reuse, and recycle,
don’t let things blow away,
make sure to secure your trash at the beach so it won’t get blown away,
don’t litter, instead volunteer or support local beach clean-ups and marine animal conservancy!

Remember that you can help prevent plastic from entering the oceans. You can help save a baby whale or a playful pod of dolphins, or sea-weed eating turtles, or even a calm stingray. You can help the ecosystem and the environment by just being a little more conscious of how much you use plastic. You can help save the oceans!

Bibliography

“Information About Sea Turtles: Threats from Marine Debris.” Sea Turtle Conservancy, conserveturtles.org/information-sea-turtles-threats-marien-debris/ . Accessed 19 July, 2018

“Fact Sheet: Plastics In the Oceans.” Earth Day Network, www.earthday.org/2018/04/05/fact-sheet-plastics-in-the-ocean/ . Accessed 19 July, 2018

McCarthy, Joe “9 Shocking Facts About Plastics in Our Oceans.” Ecowatch, www.echowatch.com/transcanada-pipeline-explodes-west-virginia-2576042392.html . Accessed 19 July, 2018

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Ocean Descriptive Essay

I stand at the edge where two worlds collide. The oceans exude power and confindence yet its are the connector to everyone. Here at the ocean, your peace can be found in the middle of this chaotic world. This is where people can lose themselves in the beauty, tranquility and the uncontrollable power of the ocean. I stand on the edge looking forward the ocean seems endless. Some people believe at the horizon there is nothing just a place where the moon, star and the sun hide until they shall return. Scrunching my toes into the damp sand from the high tide. The sand is like rough sandpaper on my bare feet. Whispers of the warm sea breeze as it skips over the lulling waves. The breeze carries the salty aroma that swirls in my nose leaving a feeling of tranquility and safety. Listening to the thundering raspy echo’s of the waves as they churn crumbling into whitewash chaos deafening my ears to whatever else is around me. The squawking of the protectors of the ocean as they circle above, master of catching the upward sea breeze drafts. Watching the waves draw in a breath of air and sighing deeply gradually crawling along each grain of sand stretching itself out thin to reach my feet.The ocean breathes in again as the thin layer of water returns into the depths of the unknown. The sun slowly simmers down into the horizon. The ocean reflecting a amber orange painting on its mesmerizing turquoise canvas. The warmth of the air is replaced by chills. The light salt-water laps

The Sea Inside Essay

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Essay Oceanography

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If you have ever lived in proximity to coastal areas you may have seen coastline erosion first hand. The beaches you frequent during the summer may seem to be getting smaller and smaller every year. Why does your favorite beach seem to be disappearing? Coastal erosion is to blame. The waves, wind, tides and currents all play a part in the mechanism that is coastal erosion. When water and wind batter the shoreline sediments are carried out to sea and deposited on the sea floor or at other points along the coastline. This is called an erosional coastline. This erosion may be very apparent or seem to have happened overnight when it happens due to a large storm or extremely high tide.

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Cannery Row Themes

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Personal Narrative: My Life In Florida

I first encountered the ocean in 1958; I was ten. Being a map enthusiast, I knew exactly where Florida was, and I was excited to swim in the salty Atlantic Ocean. Born and raised next to frigid Lake Michigan I understood a large body of water as well as a sandy beach, but no book or encyclopedia prepared me for understanding the flavor or immensity of an ocean and its adjoining shore. Arriving at the beach I raced across the hot pure white sand to keep my feet from burning, stopping in wonder when I saw ocean waves gently caressing a seashore that seemed to go on and on forever. I knew I was somewhere special.

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How to Write a Short Essay

Last Updated: January 17, 2024 Fact Checked

This article was co-authored by Christopher Taylor, PhD . Christopher Taylor is an Adjunct Assistant Professor of English at Austin Community College in Texas. He received his PhD in English Literature and Medieval Studies from the University of Texas at Austin in 2014. There are 12 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. This article has been viewed 112,146 times.

Essay writing is a common assignment in high school or college courses, especially within the humanities. You’ll also be asked to write essays for college admissions and scholarships. In a short essay (250-500 words), you will need to provide an introduction with a thesis, a body, and a conclusion, as you would with a longer essay. Depending on the essay requirements, you may also need to do academic or online research to find sources to back up your claims.

Picking a Topic and Gathering Research

If you have any questions about the topic, ask your instructor. If your essay doesn't respond to the prompt, you likely won't receive full credit.

Step 2 Choose a single arguable point for your brief essay.

If you're writing an essay for an in-class test or for an application, tailor the essay to the given prompt and topic. Quickly brainstorm a few ideas; for example, think of positive things you can say about yourself for a college-entrance essay.
For example, the topic “depression in American literature” is far too broad. Narrow down your topic to something like “Willie Loman’s depression in Death of a Salesman .”
Or, you could write about a narrow topic like “the increase in the USA’s national debt in the 1950s” rather than a broad topic like “the American economy in the 20th century.”

Step 3 Find 1-2 appropriate secondary sources in an online research database.

Depending on the field in which you’re writing the essay—e.g., hard sciences, sociology, humanities, etc.—your instructor will direct you towards appropriate databases. For example, if you’re writing a high-school or college-level essay for your English class, visit online literary databases like JSTOR, LION, and the MLA Bibliography.
If you're writing the essay for a college or graduate-school application, it's unlikely that you'll need to include any secondary sources.
If you're writing a timed or in-class essay, you may not be able to find research articles. But, still do draw information from texts and sources you've studied both in and out of class, and build from points made in any provided reading passages.

If you’re writing about current events or journalism topics, read articles from well-known news sites like CNN or the BBC.
Avoid citing unreliable websites like blogs or any sites that have a clear bias about the topic they’re reporting on.

Composing the Essay

If you write the essay without outlining, the essay will be poorly organized.

This thesis statement is far too weak: “ Death of a Salesman shows the difficulty of living in America after WWII.”
Instead, hone your thesis to something like: “Arthur Miller uses Death of a Salesman to show that the American Dream is materialist and impractical.”

Step 3 Use your introduction paragraph to explain the essay’s topic.

So, avoid beginning the paragraph by writing something like, “Since the beginning of time, all people have been consumed with the desire for their father’s approval.”
Instead, write something like, “In the play Death of a Salesman , Willie Loman’s sons compete for their father’s approval through various masculine displays."
Then, you can say, "To examine this topic, I will perform a close reading of several key passages of the play and present analyses by noted Arthur Miller scholars."

Step 4 Keep the introduction and conclusion under 75 words each.

In a short essay, the conclusion should do nothing more than briefly restate your main claim and remind readers of the evidence you provided.

Step 5 Use body paragraphs to prove various aspects of your central argument.

So, take the example about Death of a Salesman . The first body paragraph could discuss the ways in which Willie’s sons try to impress him.
The second body paragraph could dive into Willie’s hopelessness and despair, and the third paragraph could discuss how Miller uses his characters to show the flaws in their understanding of the American Dream.

Step 6 Add information from your research sources to strengthen claims.

Always cite your sources so you avoid charges of plagiarism. Check with your instructor (or the essay prompt) and find out what citation style you should use.
For example, if you’re summarizing the inflation of the American dollar during the 1930s, provide 2 or 3 years and inflation-rate percentages. Don’t provide a full-paragraph summary of the economic decline.
If you're writing an in-class essay and don't have time to perform any research, you don't need to incorporate outside sources. But, it will impress your teacher if you quote from a reading passage or bring up pertinent knowledge you may have gained during the class.

Step 7 Ask someone else to read your first draft.

If no one agrees to read the essay, read over your own first draft and look for errors or spots where you could clarify your meaning. Reading the essay out loud often helps, as you’ll be able to hear sentences that aren’t quite coherent.
This step does not apply to essays written during a timed or in-class exam, as you won't be able to ask peers to read your work.

Step 8 Revise the first draft into the final essay.

It’s always a mistake to submit an unrevised first draft, whether for a grade, for admissions, or for a scholarship essay.
However, if you're writing an essay for a timed exam, it's okay if you don't have enough time to combine multiple drafts before the time runs out.

Condensing Your Essay

Step 1 Quote only from secondary sources that are related to your topic.

So, if you’re writing about Death of a Salesman , an article about symbolism in Arthur Miller’s plays would be useful. But, an article about the average cost of Midwestern hotels in the 1940s would be irrelevant.
If you’re writing a scholarship essay, double-check the instructions to clarify what types of sources you’re allowed to use.

Step 2 Remove verbiage to keep your essay under the word count.

A common cliche you might find in an essay is a statement like, "I'm the hardest working student at my school."
For example, this sentence is too verbose: “I have been a relentlessly stellar student throughout my entire high school career since I am a seriously dedicated reader and thoroughly apply myself to every assignment I receive in class.”
Shortened, it could read: “I was a stellar student throughout my high school career since I was a dedicated reader and applied myself to every assignment I received.”

Avoid writing something like, “Willie Loman can be seen as having achieved little through his life because he is not respected by his sons and is not valued by his co-workers.”
Instead, write, “Arthur Miller shows readers that Willie’s life accomplishments have amounted to little. Willie’s sons do not look up to him, and his co-workers treat him without respect.”

Step 4 Present only the most relevant argument in your essay.

For example, if you’re trying to prove that WWII pulled the USA out of the Great Depression, focus strictly on an economic argument.
Avoid bringing in other, less convincing topics. For example, don’t dedicate a paragraph to discussing how much it cost the USA to build fighter jets in 1944.

Short Essay Template and Example

Expert Q&A

When composing the text of your essay, resist the temptation to pull words from a thesaurus in an attempt to sound academic or intelligent. Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0
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↑ https://lsa.umich.edu/sweetland/undergraduates/writing-guides/how-do-i-write-an-intro--conclusion----body-paragraph.html
↑ https://mlpp.pressbooks.pub/writingsuccess/chapter/8-3-drafting/
↑ https://www.trentu.ca/academicskills/how-guides/how-write-university/how-approach-any-assignment/writing-english-essay/using-secondary
↑ https://patch.com/michigan/berkley/bp--how-to-shorten-your-college-essay-without-ruining-it
↑ https://writing.wisc.edu/handbook/style/ccs_activevoice/
↑ https://wordcounter.net/blog/2016/01/26/101025_how-to-reduce-essay-word-count.html

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Short Ocean Stories: The Sea, Nautical & Ships

nautical Short Stories About the Sea Ocean ships

These short stories about the sea, the ocean or ships have action that occurs on a boat or near a body of water. Many stories have characters that feel an affinity to the sea or ships. Most often, the setting will be an important part of the plot. There’s a mix of realistic and fantasy stories. See also:

Find a Short Story About the Sea, Ocean or a Ship

“Widow Voyage” by Philip Wylie

Crunch and his companion admire a sea boat, the Evangeline IV. In fact, it doesn’t deserve the praise, as it needs a lot of work. They plan on fixing it up. It needs a new engine, which is an expense they can’t afford. Money they owe will be due in two months. The general opinion is that they didn’t make a good purchase.

This story can be read in the preview of Crunch & Des: Classic Stories of Saltwater Fishing.

The Colomber | Dino Buzzati

When Stefano turns twelve his father takes him aboard his ship. While they’re out sailing, Stefano spots something mysterious. His father turns pale when he sees what it is—a colomber, which is bad news for Stefano. ( Summary )

Read “The Colomber”

“MS. Found in a Bottle” by Edgar Allan Poe

The narrator, a seasoned traveler, boards a ship for the Sunda Islands. He notices signs in the sky and sea of an impending storm. The Captain disagrees. The ship is hit badly. Amid the chaos, he finds another survivor.

This is the seventh story in the preview of Complete Tales and Poems .

“Mr. Arcularis” by Conrad Aiken

Mr. Arcularis goes on a sea voyage to England to help himself recover from an operation. He meets Miss Dean, a beautiful young woman, and they talk. He feels he is falling in love with her.

This story can be read in the preview of The Collected Short Stories of Conrad Aiken .

Dry | Brady Golden

Cashell is on Lake Tanner in a motorboat. It’s a drought year, and the water is low. Earlier, a ski boat was punctured by something and got hung up. His customers had to be brought in by the park ranger. Cashell gets out a mallet and crowbar to break it free. He bangs his hand against the underwater object and suffers an odd injury.

This is the first story in the preview of Fearful Fathoms II: Collected Tales of Aquatic Terror . (25% into preview)

“Dark Waters” by Freeman Wills Crofts

Weller, a lawyer, is panicked when his client, Marbeck, wants his stocks to be sold—the stocks are long gone. Discovery of this fraud will mean prison. Weller can only think of one way out of the situation. If Marbeck were dead, he could falsify papers that would put him in the clear. Marbeck takes a boat across the river to go to Weller’s home for their card game.

This story can be read in the preview of Bodies from the Library: Lost Tales of Mystery and Suspense from the Golden Age of Detection . (82% in)

“Trapped” by Yukari Kousaka

Alarms ring on a vessel doing deep sea research. The divers haven’t come back.

This story can be read in the preview of The Deep: An Anthology of Dark Microfiction . (82% in)

“Falk: A Reminiscence” by Joseph Conrad

An experienced ship commander relates a story from when he was a young captain. He didn’t enjoy the company of his crew, and the previous captain seems to have been involved in some shady dealings. Moored nearby is a ship captained by a man named Hermann. Also on board are his wife and four children, and his nineteen-year-old niece who is perfectly attractive. Falk, another visitor, feels a rivalry toward the young captain over the niece.

This story can be read in the preview of Complete Short Stories . (45% in)

“John Redding Goes To Sea” by Zora Neale Hurston

The villagers thought John was an unusual child, and his mother agreed. He was imaginative and prone to day dreams. He’s drawn to the sea, and wants to leave his small Florida village when he grows up. John’s mother is against it but his father is supportive. When the time comes, John is determined to go. While waiting, he meets Stella and unexpectedly gets married, which puts his plans on hold. ( Summary )

Read “John Redding Goes to Sea”

Ghost Story | Ethan Rutherford

Soren and Hana live in an apartment with their two sons. One night, the boys want a bedtime story, a scary one. He tells them the story of the Seal Lady. When Soren was twelve, he went to Anchorage for the summer to be with his father, who captained a small fishing boat. Before going out one day, Soren walked into the woods and ended up at an out-of-the-way house.

Some of “Ghost Story” can be read in the Amazon preview of Farthest South & Other Stories .

The Sea Raiders | H. G. Wells

A retired man takes an afternoon walk along the English coast. He notices a pinkish form far below surrounded by some kind of animals. He makes his way closer, and is shocked by what he finds.

Read “The Sea Raiders”

Three Skeleton Key | George G. Toudouze

The narrator relates the most terrifying experience he’s had. He was working with two other men in a lighthouse. The night watchman woke everyone at two in the morning. A large ship was sailing right for them. It missed them but then came around and headed for them again. They tried to figure out what was going on. When they examined the ship with their binoculars, they were alarmed at what they saw.

Read “Three Skeleton Key”

The Open Boat | Stephen Crane

Four men are floating in a dinghy after their boat went down. They are rowing and bailing water, trying to make it to shore.

Read “The Open Boat”

A Saucer of Loneliness | Theodore Sturgeon

A man rushes into the sea to help a woman. It’s hard to find her in the tumult, and a panicked search ensues. Years earlier, she had a remarkable experience in a park that affected her deeply.

Read “A Saucer of Loneliness”

Short Stories About the Ocean or Sea, Cont’d

The Sea Devil | Arthur Gordon

A Florida man takes his rowboat out at night to cast his net. He wants to catch some fish, but he catches a manta ray instead.

Read “The Sea Devil”

The Voice in the Night | William Hope Hodgson

A schooner is approached by a small rowboat. The passenger doesn’t want any lanterns out or any direct contact with the crew. He only asks for some food to be floated out to him. He leaves after getting it, but returns soon after.

Read “The Voice in the Night”

Off the Mangrove Coast | Louis L’Amour

Four men steal a boat and set out to sea. One of them, Limey Johnson, knows of a ship that sank of the mangrove coast with fifty thousand dollars in a safe. They will split it four ways—unless something happens to improve each person’s share.

The Seed from the Sepulchre | Clark Ashton Smith

Falmer and Thone are orchid hunters, exploring a tributary of the Orinoco. When Thone falls ill, Falmer continues on to a site where rumor says a treasure was left in some ruins. Falmer returns changed; he is surly, distracted, and uncommunicative. Thone thinks his partner might have picked up a tropical infection. They decide to go back to the main river.

Read “The Seed from the Sepulchre”

After the Storm | Ernest Hemingway

A fisherman comes across a sunken ship and tries to plunder its riches.

Kilifi Creek | Lionel Shriver

Liana, a young woman traveling in Africa, arranges to stay with an older couple in Kilifi. She thinks nothing of imposing on their hospitality. She’s been swimming in Kilifi Creek, a large river by American standards. On the fourth day of her stay, she swims a different route and ends up a bit farther out than she expected.

Soaked in Seaweed: or Upset in the Ocean | Stephen Leacock

Mr Blowhard joins the Saucy Sally as second mate. He leaves with Captain Bilge and the rest of the crew. Everything goes well until the third day when Blowhard is told there was an incident involving the first and third mates.

This is a parody of the sea faring adventure story.

The Edge of the Shoal | Cynan Jones

A man is out fishing in a kayak. He catches only one, which is unusual. He has his father’s ashes with him. He’s near the bay where he and his father used to cook their food, but it’s occupied. He heads out to sea to allow time for the bay to empty. A storm develops.

A Descent into the Maelström | Edgar Allan Poe

While resting after a mountain climb, an older man tells his companion a story. Years ago, he and his two brothers were caught in a hurricane while on a boat.

Read “A Descent into the Maelström”

The Blue Jar | Isak Dinesen

A rich Englishman who only cares about collecting rare China is sailing with his daughter when the ship catches fire. His daughter is left behind in the confusion. She is rescued by a young sailor, and they float in the lifeboat for nine days before being picked up.

“The Blue Jar”

Song for a Lady | Charles Beaumont

A newlywed couple book passage aboard the Lady Anne, an old ship taking its farewell voyage. They receive an inhospitable welcome. The other passengers are British; the couple, being American, assume that is the problem. Two passengers, Burgess and Mckenzie, do their best to convince the couple to cancel their trip.

From Flores | Ethel Wilson

Captain Findley Crabbe commands the fishboat Effie Cee on its way home. He diverts their course when they spot a red flag flying near an isolated Indian family’s home. The sky is overclouded but the weather report is good. A young passenger aboard is eager to get home.

I’ll keep adding short stories about the sea, the ocean or ships as I find more.

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Ocean Pollution - Essay Samples And Topic Ideas For Free

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Essay # 1. Discovery of the Oceans: