reality of phd in india

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• 03 June 2024

How India can make PhD training more satisfactory for scholars

• Shubha Tole

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Lab members at the Tole lab in TIFR cheer as a PhD student uploads her manuscript for submission to a journal. Credit: Vijay Shinde

PhD students worldwide have a wide range of descriptions for their training experience, from exceptionally rewarding to difficult or even traumatic. Blogs on this subject alert prospective students that finding an advisor with a good match of expectations, mentoring, and working styles is more important than the research topic itself. However, students are often not well equipped to “assess'' prospective advisors.

In India, socio-culturally it is almost heretical to question the abilities of a prospective advisor. It’s a big ask to expect a young person to have the experience and maturity to gauge how an established scientist in a position of authority may turn out as an advisor. After they sign up with a guide, by the time any mismatch of working style or expectations is apparent, they may feel it is too late to ask for change. Their confidence is often low and they end up blaming themselves for any miscommunication. The power differential and the lack of systemic support often makes it impossible to renegotiate the situation. Students feel trapped and demoralized at this stage and the usual handbook of rules and procedures or advice from seniors is inadequate. Students are mostly left to their own devices to figure out how to meet expectations, to benchmark their progress, or to seek help when things go wrong.

On the other hand, prospective advisors have their own challenges. Faculty members are hired based on their research and/or teaching expertise but are expected to develop human resource management and mentorship skills on their own, which they do with varying degrees of success. Training a young student in professionalism, responsibility, and independence is perhaps one of the most challenging and important jobs for an advisor, and these skills do not come easily. Moreover, students change as they progress in graduate school, and require different levels/ styles of mentoring at each stage. If there’s an unhappy student in the lab, this changes the dynamic for the entire lab. Social interactions among the student community may result in an advisor being labeled as “difficult” or “tough” by people who have no direct information about what went wrong. This may have a long-term impact on the research of the lab since new students could be dissuaded from joining based on the “buzz” in the student community which the faculty member has no opportunity to address. A recent survey conducted by the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Graduate School (TIFR) highlighted some of these issues from the students’ perspective, and their inputs resulted in a guidebook about navigating graduate school, including choosing an advisor and resolving academic conflicts. As a first step in promoting a professional advisor-student relationship, TIFR has recently formulated a statement of roles and responsibilities that both sign when a student registers for a PhD.

While a signature does not ensure implementation, it is an important first step because it underscores key elements essential for a productive student-advisor relationship. Scholarly communities must recognize the importance of clearly stated roles and responsibilities, which should trigger discussions and mentorship training programmes that lead to more fulfilling PhD journeys for both students and advisors.

The statements in the document should seed the idea that graduate school is not an extension of college, but a period in which adult trainees take charge of their own learning parameters guided by an advisor who understands that mentorship is a job requirement and acquires necessary skills. Framing the advisor-trainee relationship as one between two colleagues at different stages in their careers will promote interactions that are respectful, collegial, and professional despite the power differential between them.

These discussions can be extended to include the roles and responsibilities of thesis advisory committees that ideally should mediate resolutions if things go wrong. However, these committees are often perceived as unwilling to interfere in what is regarded as a sacrosanct student-advisor equation, even though its parameters are not well defined. A signed statement of roles and responsibilities is a beginning towards raising awareness of these issues.

Measures such as these should be important steps towards meaningful change in graduate student training, a vital component of India’s research ecosystem.

doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d44151-024-00077-9

[Shubha Tole ([email protected]) is the Dean of Graduate Studies at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai.]

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PhD in India 2024 – Cost, Duration, and Eligibility for Admission

Complete guide to phd in india: duration, costs, eligibility, and recent updates 2024.

Embarking on a PhD journey in India is a significant academic and professional pursuit. Aspiring research scholars often have questions regarding the duration of a PhD, the associated costs, eligibility criteria, and recent developments in the field. In this comprehensive guide, ilovephd aims to address these queries and shed light on the essentials of pursuing a PhD in India.

How many years is a PhD in India?

A PhD program in India typically takes around 3 to 5 years to complete, depending on various factors such as the discipline, research area, individual progress, and university regulations.

The duration may vary, but it is important to be prepared for a substantial commitment of time and effort.

How much does a PhD cost in India?

The cost of pursuing a PhD in India varies across institutions. Generally, public universities offer PhD programs with minimal or subsidized tuition fees. Private universities may have higher fees.

It’s advisable to explore funding options such as scholarships, fellowships, or research grants provided by government bodies, funding agencies , or individual institutions to support your PhD journey.

What qualifications are required for a PhD in India?

To pursue a PhD in India, a candidate typically needs a postgraduate degree (Master’s or equivalent) in a relevant field. It is important to note that specific eligibility criteria may vary between universities and disciplines.

Additionally, universities often require candidates to clear entrance exams or interviews and meet minimum academic standards to be considered for admission.

What is the age limit for a PhD in India? Is 25 too old to start a PhD?

In most cases, there is no strict age limit for pursuing a PhD in India. As long as you meet the eligibility criteria and demonstrate the necessary academic qualifications, you can pursue a PhD at any age.

Therefore, 25 is certainly not too old to start a PhD Many scholars begin their doctoral studies later in life, bringing valuable experiences and perspectives to their research.

Can I do a Ph.D. without the National Eligibility Test (NET)?

While the National Eligibility Test (NET) is a common requirement for lectureships and research fellowships in India , it is not mandatory for all PhD programs. Some universities may have their own entrance exams or selection processes.

It is important to check the specific requirements of the university or institution where you plan to pursue your PhD

Who is eligible for direct PhD admission?

Direct Ph.D. admission is a pathway for exceptional candidates who have completed their undergraduate studies and wish to pursue a PhD without a Master’s degree.

However, this option is typically available to a limited number of candidates, and universities may have specific criteria and guidelines for direct PhD admissions. It is advisable to consult with individual institutions to understand their policies regarding direct Ph.D. admissions.

Is it okay to do a PhD without a Master’s degree?

While a Master’s degree is generally the standard qualification for pursuing a PhD, some universities in India offer integrated PhD programs that allow students to directly enter the Ph.D. track after completing their undergraduate studies.

However, this option may be limited to certain disciplines or institutions. It’s important to research and identify institutions that offer such programs if you wish to pursue a PhD without a Master’s degree.

What are the recent rules for PhD admissions in India?

The rules and regulations for Ph.D. admissions in India are subject to change and can vary between universities and disciplines.

It is advisable to stay updated with the guidelines provided by individual universities and regulatory bodies such as the University Grants Commission (UGC) or the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) to ensure compliance with the latest requirements.

25 Tips to Join PhD in India

25 tips to help you join a PhD program in India:

• Research your field of interest thoroughly to identify potential research areas and topics.
• Explore various universities and research institutes in India that offer PhD programs in your chosen field.
• Check the eligibility criteria and admission requirements of each institution you are interested in.
• Take note of application deadlines and ensure you submit your application well in advance.
• Prepare a strong statement of purpose (SOP) that highlights your research interests, goals, and why you are interested in pursuing a Ph.D.
• Contact potential supervisors or faculty members whose research aligns with your interests to discuss your research proposal.
• Prepare for entrance exams that may be required for admission, such as the UGC-NET, GATE, or university-specific entrance exams.
• Enhance your academic profile by participating in research projects, publishing papers, or presenting at conferences.
• Build a strong recommendation letter portfolio by reaching out to professors or mentors who can attest to your academic abilities and research potential.
• Seek out scholarships, fellowships, or research grants offered by government bodies, universities, or funding agencies to fund your Ph.D.
• Familiarize yourself with the research facilities, laboratories, and resources available at the institutions you are considering.
• Attend research seminars, workshops, and conferences related to your field to stay updated with the latest developments and network with researchers.
• Develop good communication and writing skills, as they are essential for presenting research findings and publishing papers.
• Create a well-structured and feasible research proposal that clearly outlines your research objectives, methodology, and expected outcomes.
• Be prepared for interviews or presentations as part of the selection process, where you may need to defend your research proposal or discuss your academic background.
• Gain teaching experience by assisting professors or taking up teaching assignments to enhance your profile for future academic positions.
• Connect with current Ph.D. students or alumni of the institutions you are interested in to gain insights into the program and research environment.
• Stay updated with any changes in the rules, regulations, or policies related to Ph.D. admissions in India.
• Develop a strong work ethic and time management skills, as PhD programs require dedication, self-discipline, and long hours of research.
• Consider the location and infrastructure of the institution, ensuring it suits your research needs and provides a conducive environment for learning.
• Explore interdisciplinary opportunities and collaborations to broaden your research scope and gain different perspectives.
• Discuss funding options and financial support with the institutions you are applying to, and be prepared to seek external funding if necessary.
• Keep track of your research progress and maintain regular communication with your supervisor or mentor.
• Attend preparatory courses or workshops on research methodology or academic writing to enhance your research skills.
• Finally, be passionate, persistent, and proactive in pursuing your PhD dream. Embrace the challenges, stay motivated, and enjoy the journey of knowledge creation.

Remember, each institution may have its specific requirements and procedures, so it’s crucial to carefully review their official websites or contact the admissions offices for accurate and up-to-date information.

10 Steps to Join PhD in India

Here are 10 steps to join a PhD program in India:

• Research your field: Explore different research areas and identify your specific field of interest for pursuing a PhD in India.
• Shortlist institutions: Identify universities or research institutes in India that offer PhD programs in your chosen field.
• Review eligibility criteria : Check the eligibility requirements of the institutions you are interested in, including minimum educational qualifications and entrance exam scores.
• Prepare application documents: Gather the necessary documents, such as academic transcripts, recommendation letters, statement of purpose (SOP), and research proposal.
• Prepare for entrance exams: If required, prepare for entrance exams like UGC-NET, GATE, or university-specific exams. Familiarize yourself with the syllabus and exam pattern.
• Apply to institutions: Submit your applications to the shortlisted institutions within the specified deadlines. Pay attention to the required application fees and submission procedures.
• Attend interviews (if applicable): Some institutions may conduct interviews or presentations to assess your research aptitude and fit for the program. Prepare well for these interactions.
• Secure funding: Explore funding opportunities such as scholarships, fellowships, or research grants. Check if the institutions offer any financial support or external funding options.
• Accept an offer : After receiving acceptance letters from the institutions you applied to, carefully evaluate and select the most suitable offer based on research facilities, faculty expertise, funding, and overall fit.
• Complete admission formalities: After accepting an offer, complete the necessary admission formalities as specified by the institution. This may include submitting additional documents, paying fees, and fulfilling any other requirements.

It’s important to note that the specific steps and procedures may vary between institutions. Therefore, always refer to the official websites and admission guidelines of the institutions you are applying to for accurate and up-to-date information.

Pursuing a PhD in India is a rewarding and intellectually stimulating endeavor. Understanding the duration, costs, eligibility criteria, and recent developments is crucial to navigating the process effectively.

By considering these factors and conducting thorough research, aspiring Ph.D. scholars can embark on their academic journey confidently and clearly.

Remember to contact universities or institutions directly for specific information and seek guidance from mentors or faculty members who can provide valuable insights into the PhD application process in your chosen field. Good luck with your Ph.D. pursuit!

Also Read: Best 100 Institutions to Study PhD in India – 2024

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Top 7 Career Opportunities in India after PhD in 2024

A PhD or Doctor of Philosophy is the highest academic qualification offered to an individual following a course of study. The term PhD originates from the Latin term ‘Philosophiae Doctor’ and represents competition of individual research in a field of interest. The doctoral research degree paves the path for a wide range of opportunities. It is a 3 to 8 years course that helps you become competent at presenting your thesis based on independent research of a topic.

There is a breadth of skills students acquire while pursuing a PhD. It elevates your ability to critically analyse a subject, display intellectual maturity, gain in-depth knowledge of a specific field and publish a valid thesis. 

In this article, we’ll take a look at the best job opportunities after PhD that are available to students in different industries—academia, government sector, entrepreneurship, consultancy, and so on. If you are looking for PhD admission for 2024, please read further. 

What is the career outlook for PhD holders in 2024?  

Based on my experience and insights, job opportunities after phd in india appear promising in 2024. Their advanced research and analytical skills are in high demand across various sectors. In academia, opportunities abound as they can pursue careers as professors or researchers. The corporate sector offers avenues for success in roles related to research and development, data science, and consulting. Government agencies value their expertise in policy analysis and implementation. Additionally, for those inclined towards entrepreneurship and innovation, there are opportunities to venture into new territories. Overall, the year 2024 presents an encouraging landscape for PhD holders in India, offering diverse career paths and the potential to make meaningful contributions in their respective fields.  

Top Job Opportunities after PhD

1. academics, a. faculty position.

One of the most commonly opted choices after a PhD is teaching, primarily due to the uncanny similarity between academia and what an individual must do to acquire the degree. The degree practice and teaching involve teaching, researching, and nurturing your acquired knowledge.

If you are interested in landing a faculty position or taking up the teaching path, plenty of institutions are keen on having a PhD holder in their faculty, especially in developing countries.

The PhD holders have a niche of their own in the domain or topic they have spent time researching about. They have made a good number of contributions to the field of study, so they have a firm hold on the subject.

So the PhD holders as faculty seem to be a natural fit, as they can impart the knowledge mentioned in the curriculum and much beyond that. They can open their students’ minds to concepts they would not usually be exposed to and thus help them develop a frame of mind that is inquisitive and has a strong foundation.

Some of the skills that the faculty must possess to impart the education smoothly are an excellent hold of the subject, communication skills, analytical skills, people management, understanding of human behavior, assessment skills, empathy, etc.

The profession of teaching is considered one of the best, high paying and most successful one. The compensation varies according to the subject, institution, experience, etc. On average, after PhD salary in India of a faculty is  12.0 lakhs per annum. The average salary bracket ranges from 1.3 lakhs per annum to 30.0 lakhs per annum (Source).

b. Post Doctorate

You can also choose to stay in the same university for varying periods (from one to four years) and get an extended project based on the one you did earlier. You might also work on publishing your erstwhile researched product.

The significance of a post-doctorate is many. They take on individual or group research projects that are impactful. Their research and findings help society, government education, industries, etc.

A post-doc has the autonomy of their day. Some of the skills that are required from a post-doc are the nature of being inquisitive, research skills, documentation, verbal and written communication, a good hold of the subject matter, people skills, team management, etc.

The salary for a post-doc may vary depending on factors such as the institution, domain, research topic, experience, etc. On average, a postdoctoral researcher procures the compensation of 10.0 lakhs per annum. The salary ranges from 3.0 lakhs per annum to 40.0 lakhs per annum (Source). People have apprehension about “ What comes after PhD ?” Post-doctorate can be considered an option.

c. Adjunct Position

An adjunct position is a non-tenure position in universities; they are professionals who don’t carry the title of a professor but make valuable contributions to the faculty. In some universities, professionals in Adjunct positions work overtime and bear numerous educational responsibilities.

d. Teaching

PhD holders can teach at institutions offering undergraduate courses where they are looking for staff with a PhD who can carry out practical research.

PhD candidates can be assistant professors by teaching undergraduate courses or being a part of committees that help form academic and organisational policies and perform research to achieve tenure.

There exists a myth that PhD courses are designed to PAVE the path for individuals to become professors at the university level. However, the horizons of a PhD degree spread farther than simply academia, so it’s wrong to assume so. 

Here’s looking at the different verticals where PhD holders can chart a rewarding career. 

2. Government Jobs

The government job sector is ideal for patriotic and passionate people who want to serve the country. Since the government is always on the lookout for creative and skilled people, professionals who love researching and put their skills to good use can rely on the government sector. 

PhD holders carry a unique, innovative perspective that allows them to view complex problems, understand them and make practical, diplomatic choices.

There are several opportunities here, starting from the military sector (e.g. military research). If you are interested in politics, you can opt for a policymaker position in state and central government. You can also be a minister if you can work your way up with innovative diplomatic ideas.

First, the PhD holders are eligible to sit in the government exam. They are highly qualified professionals who give a learned and deeper perspective to the government professionals that helps in better decision-making. They can work in various departments of the government, such as policy making, rural development, transportation, scientific research, military, international relations, etc. One can procure various PhD jobs in India in the government sector.

3. Entrepreneur

In today’s world, the entrepreneurship sector is growing exponentially. Since information and technology are accessible to everyone, there’s a growing shift towards startups, self-employment, and innovation. PhDs holders carry the potential to be first-grade innovators/entrepreneurs.

Research shows that PhDs and entrepreneurial journeys are way more similar than they seem, and hence, students who have PhD degrees are very likely to thrive when they get into entrepreneurship.

Apart from various similarities between the entrepreneurs and PhDs, there is one common similarity between these two, and that is innovation and research skills. Both of these professionals identify a problem persisting in society and develop a model that solves it. So naturally, the PhD holders seem as a fit progression to entrepreneurship.

Some of the skills required for a successful entrepreneur are identifying problems, critical thinking, problem-solving, business management, creativity,  team management, self-starter attitude, communication skills, networking, etc.

4. Consultancy

The skillset required to be a consultant includes maintaining large amounts of data. Plenty of companies rely on MBA professionals and PhD holders for consultancy due to the increasing influence of technology in the real world.

Large consultancy firms hire PhD holders from all different fields. The idea is to leverage valuable data and glean helpful insights to empower business decision-making. 

PhD and other advanced degrees help students shine in consultancy since there is a massive requirement for specialised expertise in today’s age. Therefore, if you have a PhD, consultancy is a very prominent job opportunity that can be highly rewarding.

There are various reasons for being a consultant professional as a PhD holder, as they have a high capacity for critical thinking. They are skillful for effectively and scientifically solving problems. The PhD holders can effectively analyse the data and come to conclusions. The companies hire the PhD holders for the level of expertise they bring. Usually, they are hired at the same level as MBA professionals. This may vary depending on the companies, level of skill sets, location, and other factors.

5. Digital Media Company

The job description is to prepare reports providing a comprehensive analysis and context on various topics. It also includes preparing reports on artistic and cultural events. A PhD course equips you to be an individual with excellent writing and research skills. These are extremely handy when pursuing a writing job opportunity at media company.

Unlike a regular digital marketing professional a PhD holder would come up with a much deeper perspective and understanding. They would be having the in depth knowledge of the funcitonings. 

There is an option available to do PhD in digital marketing, these professionals would come up with understanding on the culture, society, ethnicities, human behaviour and many more. There are various options available fo r phd jobs as   there are various firms and companies that employe the professionals.

6. Research Associate

As the word suggests, a research associate job position requires you to gather data to determine whether consumers or companies find a product or service desirable or appealing.

For this job position, the skills you acquire during your PhD study (presentation and research skills) prove to be highly influential; these are the skills that help you excel in research.

Switching from academic research to corporate research, where the information acquired via research is used well, is a choice most professionals make these days since academic research can get monotonous and underwhelming at times.

The research associates are responsible for various tasks such as gathering of data, preparing data, analysing, reporting, research and may more. They identify the problem and then go about their workf to find solutions for the problem.

It is considered as one of the most sought- after jobs one can go for. There are various industries and fields one can go ahead to make a career fro themselves. These researches make a positive contribution to the society in various fields such as history, science, art and culture, society, policy making, etc.

Usually there is no degree after PhD is required to become a research associate a PhD suffices. Moreover, the profession as a research associate is high paying and is a stable career. 

7. Product Manager

The job profile of a product manager includes overseeing every aspect of the development, growth, maintenance, and improvement of a product.

Companies prefer PhD holders over other UG PG holders for positions that require overseeing or handling end-to-end tasks since a PhD equips you to handle multitasking effortlessly.

The role of a product manager doesn’t stop after product formulation and release. It extends to maintenance, improving product performance, devising marketing strategies, and enhancing product efficiency by bringing in new methods that can replace older ways. Online PhD programs offer you offer flexibility to manage your work and other commitments.

 A product manager is required to be aware of the customer’s needs and manage to address the gap by innovating the product. They are responsible for making the product better that helps in taking the business forward. 

In order to all of that, they are required to be equipped with certain skill sets that understands th ehuman behavioru, mindsets of people coming from different geographies and age groups. And according to various factors, inculcate the innovations in such a way that the product feels relatable to the target audience. But most importantly, they should also be having the business acumen that helps them in aking decisions that benefits the business.

The profession as a product manager is considered as high paying and on average the salary goes up to 16.3 lakhs per annum. The average salary ranges from 6.0 lakhs per annum to 35.0 lakhs per annum (Source). This salary bracket may differ due to various factors such as geographical location, skill sets, experience, type of company, etc.

Check out upGrad’s Global Doctor of Business Administration from the ACBSP-accredited Swiss School of Business and Management. The 36-months program caters to 75+ nationalities and provides 12+ specialisations and 70+ faculty industry collaborations to help you succeed. There are 1:1 thesis supervisions to ensure you exploit your potential in your domain of choice. 

The minimum requirement to pursue this degree is a Master’s Degree (or equivalent) or 5+ years of work experience. Don’t wait, sign up and book your seat today!

Is it easier to find a career opportunity with a PhD degree?

Based on my own experience and observations, pursuing a PhD, although demanding in terms of time and effort, can significantly broaden your career horizons. PhD holders are highly esteemed for their specialized knowledge, exceptional research skills, and critical thinking abilities. They find ample opportunities in academia, securing coveted positions as professors and researchers. Moreover, industries such as healthcare, finance, and technology highly value PhDs, often offering them lucrative roles in research and development, data analysis, and leadership.  

However, the ease of finding suitable job opportunities after phd in india can vary based on factors like your field of study and location. In India, PhD graduates can unlock diverse and rewarding career paths with the right set of skills and effective networking. The investment in higher education pays off in the form of fulfilling and promising professional opportunities.

T he landscape of job opportunities after a PhD in India in 2024 appears promising and diverse. The demand for highly skilled and specialized professionals continues to grow across various sectors. Whether you aspire to excel in academia, contribute to cutting-edg e research, or significantly impac t the corporate world, a PhD opens doors to numerou s avenues. The key lies in leveragin g your unique expertis e , networking effectively, and staying attuned to emerging trends in your field. With the right strategy and dedication, you can embark on a fulfilling and rewarding career journey, making your investment in a Ph .D. an asset in the dynamic Indian job market.  

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Communication skills can effectively drive career potential since PhD holders are expected to deliver out-of-the-box thinking, management, and creative ways of solving problems via critical thinking. Developing communication skills is crucial in showcasing and presenting your ideas to technical and non-tech teams convincingly.

PhD holders have the upper hand over Master’s or Bachelors's students across industries due to their high-end skill sets that include critical thinking, problem-solving, and effective decision making. In addition, their unmatched research skills and data management abilities make them an obvious choice for a host of high-profile roles across industries.

The average salary of PhD holders ranges between ₹ 6,00,000 and ₹ 12,00,000 per year, depending on the field of choice, experience, and skillsets. The average base salary for a PhD holder working as a professor is ₹16,73,000 per year, approximately ₹90k per month).

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Applications are invited for admission to Full time PhD in Public Health at Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar (IIPHG).

Application form for Provisional Registration for PhD

Eligibility

A candidate shall be eligible to register for the Ph.D. Degree after he/she has obtained

• Master’s Degree in relevant field which includes Public Health, Medicine, Social Sciences and allied subjects in which he/she wishes to pursue research with at least 55% or equivalent grade from any University in India, recognized by the University Grants Commission (UGC). Relaxation of 5% marks, from 55% to 50%, or an equivalent relaxation in grade may be allowed for those belonging to SC/ST/OBC (Non-creamy layer)/ differently-abled.
• Any foreign university/higher educational institute recognized by UGC and with equivalent grade. Bachelor Degree where the total duration of education and training is equivalent to Master’s degree (at least 5 years’ duration), e.g; MBBS, BDS etc, will be considered eligible provided they have relevant work experience in Health/ Development/ Hospital/ Allied sector for more than 1 year.

Classification / categorization of Ph.D. Scholars.

The status of the students admitted to Ph.D programmes shall be classified under any one of the following categories:-

Full Time Research Scholar

I. Self-Financed Indian Nationals/Foreign Nationals and those Indian Nationals joining the programme on study leave granted by their employers. II. The scholars who are receiving assistantship/ scholarship/ fellowship from UGC/ ICSSR/ DST/ CSIR/ DBT/Industry etc. or other funding agency. III. Sponsored candidates IV. Foreign Nationals joining with any fellowship or ICCR award.

The full time scholars are required to work on regular basis during their entire Ph.D. programme.

Duration: minimum 3 years and maximum 7 years.

• Note1: The duration for relaxation can be of 1 year in case of candidates holding Post Graduate Degree (MD/MS) in the field of Medicine, considering that they spent a total of 8.5 years of education after 12th standard, compared to 5 years for other masters
• Note2: The maximum duration is relaxable by two years for women candidates and candidates with 40% or more disability
• Note 3: Women candidates are allowed maternity leave, or child-care leave, once during the entire duration of their MPhil/PhD programmes for up to 240 days.

Seats will be based on availability of guides

Fees to be paid to IIPHG

• The fees mentioned above will be subject to revision/change by the University from time to time.
• The fees once paid shall not be adjusted or refunded under any circumstances even, if the candidate cancels his/her admission.
• The fees mentioned above does not include Hostel and food
• The full time candidates must have adequate Medical insurance coverage at their own cost. If they are not having existing health insurance policy, IIPHG will facilitate obtaining one.

Important Dates of Admission: (Admissions will be done twice a year if seats are available)

Availability of Application at http://www.iiphg.edu.in

Exemption from Entrance Test

The candidates having one of the following qualifications shall be exempted from the requirement of appearing at the Entrance Test:

• Qualified in the UGC – NET / SET, UGC-JRF, CSIR-JRC, ICAR, ICMR, DBT, DST or any other Examinations considered equivalent by the Ph.D Admission Committee.
• M.Phil Degree holder from any University recognized by UGC with 55% marks in aggregate
• Candidates who are awarded fellowship/scholarship for pursuing PhD program by the State/Central Government agencies or collaborating institute for this specific program.
• Candidates holding MD/MS degrees in Medicine.

However, the candidates who are exempted from appearing for the Entrance Test will have to appear for Personal Interview and submit other required documents.

For further Details, please visit the website www.iiphg.edu.in & www.phfi.org or contact:

Dr. Vijay V. Panchdhane Assistant Registrar Senior Scale (Academics) INDIAN INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC HEALTH GANDHINAGAR University established under IIPHG Act 2015 of Gujarat State Opposite Air Force Head Quarters, Near Lekawada Bus stop, Gandhinagar-Chiloda Road, Lekawada, CRPF.P.O, Gandhinagar – 382042, Gujarat, INDIA PhoneNo :079-66740700 E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] URL: www.iiphg.edu.in , www.phfi.org

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Top PhD Colleges in India 2024

India is home to some of the best Ph.D colleges which offer the degree in various disciplines such as management, science, arts and humanities, engineering, information technology etc. Ph.D is one of the most versatile courses and there are different streams that you can look at while planning to attain a Ph.D. degree . To get into one of the top Ph.D colleges in India, one has to appear in different Ph.D entrance exams which are course/ field specific. Given below is the detailed information about top PhD colleges in India, fee structure, eligibility and other important information.

The PhD colleges in India are approved either by AICTE, UGC or NAAC. The admission process may vary from college to college. Some of the popular Ph.D colleges in India are IITs, IIMs, Delhi University, and private universities like O.P. Jindal Global University, Amity University, Lovely Professional University and others. Apart from Ph.D courses, these colleges offer UG, PG, diploma and M . Phil courses as well. For PhD admissions in India, you can appear in entrance exams such as UGC NET, JRF, GATE, etc. The requirement for appearing in an entrance exam will depend upon the field or stream of PhD study and choice of the college. Most of the PhD colleges in India offer hostel facility for both male and female students as the completion of the entire research may take years. Apart from regular PhD courses, many universities in India also offer part-time PhD courses which can be pursued alongside taking up industry jobs.

The students can opt for them as per their convenience. There are many job profiles available for scholars after completing their PhD course or fellowship. From professors to research scientists, there are many career options available for PhD degree holders. The number of seats for each course and the selection criteria is also given in detail in the respective colleges listed below. The best PhD colleges in India assure great placement opportunities for the students. Go through the details to find out the facilities each campus offers.

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• Ph.D. (Doctor of Philosophy)

Showing 1197 PhD Colleges in India

Iim ahmedabad.

10.0 - 27 Lacs Fees

EQUIS Accredition

33.4 Lacs Avg Package

• Shortlisted by  2289+  students
• Fees and Courses (6)
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20 K - 8.1 Lacs Fees

NAAC Accredition

1.25 Crore Avg Package

JEE Advanced Exams

• Shortlisted by  2503+  students
• Fees and Courses (123)

NIT Mangalore

15 K - 1.25 Lacs Fees

AICTE Accredition

13.1 Lacs Avg Package

• Shortlisted by  684+  students
• Fees and Courses (59)

IIM Bangalore

9.8 - 25.9 Lacs Fees

• Shortlisted by  1396+  students
• Fees and Courses (13)

15 K - 10 Lacs Fees

21.8 Lacs Avg Package

• Shortlisted by  1500+  students
• Fees and Courses (101)

JIPMER Puducherry

13 - 75 K Fees

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CBSE 12th Exams

• Shortlisted by  927+  students
• Fees and Courses (89)

6000 - 8 Lacs Fees

• Shortlisted by  1098+  students
• Fees and Courses (94)

IIM Kozhikode

3.5 - 20.5 Lacs Fees

AMBA Accredition

23.1 Lacs Avg Package

• Shortlisted by  132+  students
• Fees and Courses (14)

United World Institute Of Design

5.0 - 22 Lacs Fees

UGC Accredition

12 Lacs Avg Package

• Shortlisted by  12681+  students

IIT Roorkee

8980 - 2 Lacs Fees

• Shortlisted by  1285+  students
• Fees and Courses (112)
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NLSIU Bangalore

16 K - 6.65 Lacs Fees

BCI Accredition

• Shortlisted by  1581+  students
• Fees and Courses (16)

Loyola College

22.2 K - 3.24 Lacs Fees

5.25 Lacs Avg Package

• Shortlisted by  6154+  students
• Fees and Courses (86)

IIM Calcutta

2.6 - 31 Lacs Fees

30.9 Lacs Avg Package

UGC NET Exams

• Shortlisted by  629+  students
• Fees and Courses (34)

20 K - 7.9 Lacs Fees

Bar Counci Accredition

7 Lacs Avg Package

• Shortlisted by  378932+  students
• Fees and Courses (396)

Amity University, Lucknow

27 K - 6.54 Lacs Fees

6 Lacs Avg Package

UP 12th Exams

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• Fees and Courses (145)

NIMHANS Bangalore

9480 - 1.56 Lacs Fees

INI CET Exams

• Shortlisted by  39+  students
• Fees and Courses (27)

25 K - 2.01 Lacs Fees

• Shortlisted by  66+  students
• Fees and Courses (7)

The IIS University

6000 - 3.47 Lacs Fees

MHRD Accredition

Rajasthan Pre PG Exams

• Shortlisted by  25018+  students
• Fees and Courses (244)

IIT Hyderabad

10 K - 8 Lacs Fees

20.1 Lacs Avg Package

• Shortlisted by  466+  students
• Fees and Courses (63)

PAU Ludhiana

38.4 K - 7.27 Lacs Fees

3.96 Lacs Avg Package

PAU Entrance Exam Exams

• Shortlisted by  305+  students
• Fees and Courses (54)

Sanskriti University Mathura

30 K - 1.7 Lacs Fees

4.5 Lacs Avg Package

• Shortlisted by  79913+  students
• Fees and Courses (104)

The ICFAI University, Dehradun

30 K - 2.58 Lacs Fees

6.33 Lacs Avg Package

• Shortlisted by  54990+  students
• Fees and Courses (46)

13.2 K - 6.25 Lacs Fees

• Shortlisted by  2639+  students
• Fees and Courses (55)

1.7 - 12.5 Lacs Fees

25.5 Lacs Avg Package

• Shortlisted by  253+  students

NIMS University

20 K - 9 Lacs Fees

• Shortlisted by  82312+  students
• Fees and Courses (523)

NLU Hyderabad

30 K - 8 Lacs Fees

• Shortlisted by  494+  students

SGPIMS Lucknow

27 K - 2.2 Lacs Fees

Other Accredition

16 Lacs Avg Package

NEET PG Exams

• Shortlisted by  153+  students
• Fees and Courses (49)

NIPER Mohali

94.7 K - 1.54 Lacs Fees

PCI Accredition

• Shortlisted by  235+  students
• Fees and Courses (24)

VIT Vellore

3200 - 14.2 Lacs Fees

9.23 Lacs Avg Package

• Shortlisted by  2923+  students
• Fees and Courses (105)

NLU Kolkata

10 K - 3.66 Lacs Fees

• Shortlisted by  103+  students
• Fees and Courses (9)

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• Last updated June 4, 2024
• In AI Origins & Evolution

Indian AI Researchers Should Move Beyond PhDs

Illustration by Nikhil Kumar

• Published on June 4, 2024
• by Mohit Pandey

According to the Global AI Talent Tracker 2.0 by Marco Polo, over the past few years, China and India have significantly expanded their domestic AI talent pool to support the burgeoning AI industry. The percentage of the world’s top AI researchers hailing from China has surged from 29% in 2019 to 47% in 2022. 

Historically a major exporter of top-tier AI researchers, India is now seeing an increase in talent retention. In 2019, the majority of Indian AI researchers with undergraduate degrees sought opportunities abroad. However, by 2022, one-fifth of these researchers chose to work in India.

Though there’s an increase in AI research within India, it seems that most of it has been done by researchers for their PhD thesis. None of it actually comes off for production. Similar thoughts were shared by several researchers when they spoke with AIM . 

There have been research work focusing on LLMs, voice models, and using AI in several fields coming out of Indian universities, but most of them get stuck at the research phase. However, this is slowly changing with several researchers sending their papers to ICML and NeurIPS.

Putting into Work

“None of the research from the universities actually comes out. They just do research in the field like a final year project, and it dies there,” said Mufeed VH , the creator of Devika, who recently got into Y Combinator. 

Researchers should come out of the universities and put their creations into products, or probably build a research lab, such as AI4Bharat .

Similarly, Adithya S Kolavi , the founder of CognitiveLab pointed out that there are also not enough grants in India coming from universities or companies for flourishing research. “You have the VC kind of things, but grants are essential to push research forward. I have not seen that concept flourish in India,” added Kolavi. 

Market trends suggest that to get into the AI field and then land a research job, PhD is a must in India. “The research scene in India is good, but if you want to get into a good research institute, you require a PhD, especially if you’re a college student like me,” said Kolavi.

Mufeed agreed with Kolavi’s point and said that even though a lot of research on GitHub and X has been done by anonymous people, but since they do not have a PhD, they do not get enough recognition. They are just pursuing it like a hobby to build amazing products. 

“I think in India, kids who are tinkering with this stuff should get the resources to learn more about AI,” he added. “Pretty soon, kids and students would do the same thing as researchers.”

When speaking with AIM , Amit Sheth , the chair and founding director of the Artificial Intelligence Institute at the University of Southern Carolina (AIISC), highlighted that universities like Stanford, Harvard, MIT, help researchers by giving grants to them to move their research to production. 

“Though Indian universities produce some very good engineers, they are very successful in the West. I think it’s time we take a good look at India and see if we can build something like a ChatGPT here,” Sheth said, emphasising the need for India to innovate and ship AI products to the rest of the world, including the West.

Pratik Desai , the founder of KissanAI, shared similar thoughts: “India has never led any fundamental research, but we have a golden opportunity as AI can be a levelling field.” “However, this requires a fundamental shift from coaching, and academia to a change in mindset from parents, and founders to investors,” he added. 

Shift of Focus

During AIM podcastthe discussion with the young researchers of India, it was pointed out that even though universities have clubs or centres of excellence, there is not much that is achieved there apart from researching on a few GPUs and competing in olympiads. “They are good achievements but credentialism is not the point, we need actual results,” said one of the researchers.

One of the reasons that the research in AI does not get into production is the slow rate of adoption within the country. “There is a big gap that can be bridged with more industry and academia collaborations,” said Adarsh Shirawalmath , the founder of Tensoic. 

“College in general has been helpful, but we are lagging a bit in terms of where the SOTA is and what we are doing because some of the professors still might be researching in CNN whereas the SOTA is really ahead,” added Shirawalmath.

When one looks at the curriculum, premier institutions in India, such as the IITs, have been heavily focused on the theoretical aspects of AI. Many of the prominent contributions in the field have also been made by professors from these institutes that have been the bedrock of innovation for several decades.

Vinija Jain , a seasoned ML researcher, who is currently working on building vision language models with cultural awareness, said that Indian researchers need to push forward even more to draw more inspiration for others. “The research from India is not only serving as great research in itself, but also as an inspiration,” said Jain. 

“When you see someone else building something for the community, it motivates you to help and contributes as a building block for further developments,” she added, talking about the growing push for AI research in India, while companies such as OpenAI and Google expand their base into the Indic AI space.

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Microsoft layoffs continue, 1,000 employees across departments to lose their jobs

Microsoft has announced another round of layoffs affecting around 1,000 employees across various departments, including its mixed reality and azure cloud units..

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• Microsoft announces another round of layoffs
• The layoffs have reportedly affected around 1,000 employees
• Mixed reality and Azure cloud units have been impacted

Microsoft made headlines in January last year when it announced cutting down 10,000 jobs. Since then, the company has announced various smaller rounds of layoffs with the last one being in May this year. Now, the Satya Nadella-led tech giant has announced another round of layoffs, reportedly impacting around 1,000 employees across various departments including its mixed reality division and the Azure cloud unit.

One of the most affected areas is the mixed reality department, which contributes to the development of the HoloLens 2 augmented reality headset. Despite these cuts, Microsoft plans to continue selling the HoloLens 2 and supporting its existing customers and partners. The company remains committed to the Department of Defense's Integrated Visual Augmentation System (IVAS) program, which utilizes a modified version of the HoloLens. However, the success of the HoloLens has been limited since its introduction in 2015, and reports of user discomfort have surfaced, prompting continuous updates and improvements.

"Earlier today, we announced a restructuring of Microsoft’s Mixed Reality organization. We remain fully committed to the Department of Defense’s IVAS program and will continue to deliver cutting-edge technology to support our soldiers. In addition, we will continue to invest in W365 to reach the broader Mixed Reality hardware ecosystem. We will continue to sell HoloLens 2 while supporting existing HoloLens 2 customers and partners," Microsoft spokesperson Craig Cincotta told The Verge in an emailed statement.

Cincotta added, "Organizational and workforce adjustments are a necessary and regular part of managing our business. We will continue to prioritize and invest in strategic growth areas for our future and in support of our customers and partners."

In addition to the mixed reality division, significant layoffs are also hitting the Azure cloud unit. Business Insider reported that the Azure for Operators and Mission Engineering teams are particularly affected, with hundreds of jobs being cut. These teams were part of the Strategic Missions and Technologies organisation, established in 2021 to focus on ambitious projects such as quantum computing and space technologies.

Health and Human Services Officials Visit Duke, Discuss Responsible Health Care AI

Duke Health hosted leaders from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Microsoft, and UNC-Chapel Hill on May 23 to talk about next steps in making trustworthy health care artificial intelligence (AI) a reality.  

Introducing a panel discussion that he moderated, Michael Pencina, PhD, chief data scientist for Duke Health, said that AI poses a lot of exciting opportunities but also a lot of unknowns. “The question is — do I want the future my children will live in?”  he said. 

Panelists pointed out the potential for AI to transform health care by freeing up providers to do the most high-value work. They also discussed how to reduce risks such loss of jobs, privacy risks, and introducing unintended biases in algorithms used in clinical care. 

Panelists included: 

• Andrea Palm, Deputy Secretary of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) 
• Micky Tripathi, PhD, National Coordinator for Health Information Technology at HHS 
• S. David McSwain, MD, MPH, System Chief Medical Informatics Officer, UNC Health, and Professor of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine 
• Nicoleta Economou-Zavlanos, PhD, Director of AI Evaluation & Governance, Duke Health 
• David Rhew, MD, Global Chief Medical Officer and Vice President of Healthcare, Microsoft.  

Rhew said that AI tools that already exist could solve a huge problem in health care:  the unsustainable rise in cost. By summarizing and compiling clinical visits, for example, AI tools can free up providers and improve access to care.

“Now is the chance to think about how to apply AI to reduce administrative burden and streamline care,” he said. “We need infrastructure and mechanisms to do that, and we need to put in place guardrails so we’re not having unintended consequences.”  

Economou-Zavlanos pointed out that mitigating discrimination and bias when using AI tools requires health systems to have a good grasp of the clinical AI algorithms that are in use and who is responsible for evaluating them. Duke’s Algorithm-Based Clinical Decision Support (ABCDS) Oversight framework does that with a registration process, she said. 

Panelists also pointed out that while large health systems such as Duke and UNC have already begun efforts to evaluate AI tools, smaller health systems don’t have the same resources and will need help. “That’s where assurance labs and third-party approaches can be helpful, to offload that burden from those smaller health systems and provide some consistency across multiple health systems,” said McSwain.   

Tripathi agreed that evaluating AI tools will require public-private partnership. “We need to find a way to do this together and make it so that everyone can take advantage of it,” he said, pointing out the importance of partnerships such as the Coalition for Health AI , of which Duke Health is a founding partner.  

Economou-Zavlanos and McSwain both touched on the need to demystify AI for patients and to listen to their feedback and concerns.  

“People with lower levels of health literacy and less trust in health care may opt out, leading to vastly different care for different populations,” McSwain said. “We need to pair opt outs with digital health literacy tools. We have to make sure the information we provide patients is understandable and actionable and accounts for their level of health literacy. If we don’t do that, we will exacerbate the digital divide.” 

While the federal government has issued broad guidelines about AI in health care, such as a final rule passed in April 2024, under Section 1557 of the Affordable Care Act, government and health systems will need to work together to implement such guidelines, Palm said. “We as an enterprise have more work to do certainly to put meat on the bones,” she said. 

Mary Klotman, MD, executive vice President for health affairs at Duke University and dean of the School of Medicine, opened and closed the event. She said she was reassured to see experts from government, academia, and industry focused on both the opportunities and risks of AI. “At the end of the day it is all about the people we serve, and that came across in all of your comments,” she said. 

When the PhD path leads to career struggles

A doctoral degree is a major commitment. Think carefully.

I appreciated reading Kara Miller’s The Big Idea column “PhD: Pretty heavily disappointed” (Business, May 22), about people with doctoral degrees struggling to build careers in academia. It made me think back to a conversation I had when I was about to graduate from high school.

I happened to run into a former track coach of mine, and as we were reminiscing he asked me what I planned as a major in college. “History,” I responded. He said, “Why don’t you take some computer classes also? It never hurts to be able to do something useful.”

I did not reflect on his motivation at the time, but my track coach was a young guy, and he was probably giving me advice straight from his own life, as a parent trying to raise his own young children. I did take computer classes in college and ultimately received a PhD in chemical engineering. I always remember that conversation as being a kind of turning point.

Earning a doctoral degree is a life commitment of great proportion. It can take, as Miller notes, between four and seven years. If we think of working life as roughly between the ages of 22 and 65, then a PhD requires more than 10 percent of a person’s working life. People need to think carefully about that investment.

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Two powerful arguments in favor of the path of science, technology, engineering, and math are that there tend to be more STEM jobs for PhDs, and many universities’ STEM departments are generous in covering their PhD students’ tuition and cost of studies, including a stipend toward food, rent, and other expenses.

Stuart Gallant

Not much has changed in 30 years

As I prepared to graduate in 1995 with a doctor of education degree from the Harvard Graduate School of Education, my mother memorably said to me, “Of my four children, you are the one with the most education and the smallest salary.” Apparently not much has changed in 30 years.

I must congratulate these students, however, on following their passion rather than following the money. I can’t help but think that their lives, though stressful, may contain greater happiness.

Peggy Clark

Lawyers & electricians & philosophers, oh my!

Kara Miller’s column on the career challenges for people with doctoral degrees generated more than 260 comments on Boston.Globe.com. The following is an edited sample of readers’ reactions:

Lots of law school grads are underemployed as well. (PL)

So true, PL. The market in Massachusetts is flooded with talented lawyers seeking work. (Roforma)

Supply and demand, the market at work. (guk)

Investing in education and research in all fields is the hallmark of a society with staying power. Disinvesting from these endeavors signals decline and decay. (Massachusetts citizen)

Electricians, plumbers, mechanics, and other skilled technical professions have no problems getting $100k jobs with great benefits. (ramsen)

Not enough turnover from tenured professors, leaving little space for new faculty. Although the tenured, well-established professors are needed, it’s the junior faculty who are hungry and with new ideas that help build new programs. The whole graduate program model is a bad model. I worked two jobs, had my tuition and some type of minimal student health insurance and could barely cover the rent with my stipend, and the second job paid for everything else. Though I was working on many faculty projects, it was the faculty who said this would be good for me. Never did they say it was also good for them. (TravelerofNJ2)

I just retired from a tenured faculty position in science. I’m in my early 70s. I have colleagues who are still doing what they do well into their 70s, a couple approaching 80. There is no active incentive from the university to move the older faculty on, to make way for a new generation. (Lola-lola)

The next step is for adjuncts to go on strike across the nation and hold colleges and universities accountable. The current system is completely absurd. (Wordsmith2358)

Universities should be required to release disclosure data about the fate of their PhD graduates. (davidman820)

I knew an attorney who managed a Cheesecake Factory. She had worked in food services through school. As an attorney, she really did not make that much money and was not doing the field of law of her choice. How many real estate closings can you do without dying of boredom? She went into management in the food industry and makes the same salary. (Antietem)

It was always a question and puzzling to me why people study philosophy. (Blazer27)

Globe Opinion