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The Allama Iqbal Open University was established in May, 1974, with the main objectives of providing educational opportunities to masses and to those who cannot leave their homes and jobs. During all these past years, the University has more than fulfilled this promise.

Download AIOU Solved Assignments B.Ed Spring 2023

Here you can Download AIOU Solved Assignments B.Ed for the semester of Spring 2023. AIOU solved assignment Spring 2023 is available here. You can download it for free.

B.ed solved assignment Spring 2023 are mostly searched. Allama Iqbal open university accepts the assignments in docs files. First, you need to know about your tutor, which can be traced from the aiou official website.

To log in to the official website, add your username and password and access your portal. Here is an option to reset your id by using the adit option.

AIOU Solved Assignments B.Ed.

We are providing B.ED (1.5 Years), B.ED (2.5 Years), B.ED (4 Years) Class  Solved Assignments Of Spring 2023. You can download all pdf files of your relevant b.ed subject code below.

B.ED 1.5 / B.ED 2.5 / B.ED 4 Years

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3 Credit Hours Book Assignment Submission Date Autumn 2022

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Aiou solved assignments | aiou solved assignments autumn spring 2022-2023, aiou solved assignments for spring 2022 and autumn 2022 are available for matric, fa, ba, bs (old), associate degree, bsc, b.ed, ma, msc, and m.ed levels. any student can download aiou solved assignment from here. click on the concerned assignment name for the download assignment ., allama iqbal open university all program assignments , c hoose the class:, footer social$type=social_icons.

Students and Resource Persons are directed to ALWAYS join their online workshops through AAGHI LMS workshop link. For each day, there will be a separate link on AAGHI LMS.Please join them according to the day mentioned. For example, for day 3 of your workshop, Click on WORKSHOP03 link on AAGHI LMS.

Assignment submissions for Spring 2023 will be accepted on https://lms1.aiou.edu.pk

• Download and install Microsoft Teams app on your device (PC/Laptop/Mobile).
• Login your Microsoft Teams app using same credential as used for LMS.
• Login your LMS.
• On https://lms1.aiou.edu.pk go to your course as per you workshop schedule and click on the workshop link to join the workshop

Please contact your regional office for Passwords | Username is [email protected] | Registration number is already availabe to students on their admission portal

Dear LMS Users, Please change your password frequently to avoid misuse of your LMS account. Do not share your login credentials with anyone. If you have not yet received your login credentials, please contact your regional LMS Focal Person [ Contact list of Regional Focal Persons ] . Keeping LMS account credentials secure is the sole responsibility of LMS users. For workshop schedule updates please keep visiting https://aiou.edu.pk/workshop-information or check your LMS course page under My Courses.

After confirmation of your admission contact your region to get your LMS username and password.

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Lms user manuals (teachers), check your workshop schedule.

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Learning Management System or LMS as popularly known to all, has over the years proved to be an excellent tool for sharing lectures, assignments, quizzes and feedback from students. It has also been improved progressively and in the recently conducted exams, LMS has proved itself to be comprehensive and flexible enough to allow teachers the freedom to test students using several methods. I have always found the LMS team to be extremely supportive and helpful. Kaleem Saddiqui Director ICT

AIOU LMS is a great platform for online learning activities. I have been using LMS for many years with a wonderful experience. LMS enables me to share course material with my students and to maintain an online repository of all my courses. I am a frequent user of the Turnitin facility provided by AIOU-LMS. Additionally, the course forums in LMS provide a convenient way to make course related announcements. LMS feedback module is a great help for teachers to polish their teaching skills. Online assessment modules of LMS i.e. Assignment and Quiz activities proved to be a great help to evaluate the students especially in the post COVID19 scenario. Arshad Manzoor Additional Director ICT

I have been using LMS (Learning Management System) for the past few years to manage content, assessments, and communication for all my courses. It is an invaluable tool for both faculty and students. Recently we have seen it's importance increase as a critical part of our efforts to deliver our curriculum online. I hope the faculty will use more of its features to help them deliver an even better learning experience for our students. Muhammad Tufail Deputy Director ICT

Learning Management System (LMS) is equally facilitating for faculty and students. It provides variety of options such as, sharing of reading materials, initiation of interactive discussions, maintenance of graded activities and compilation of students’ records. Inter alia, what makes it unique is its user friendly interface. For, beginners quickly understand its basics. Indeed, a remarkable effort by the Team LMS! Azhar ul Islam Assistant Director ICT

Most of the features of AIOU-LMS are not fully explored due to its variety of substantial sub features which are available for interactive learning environment. I would like to emphasize the Quiz module of LMS. In the present situation of online evaluation, the best results can be achieved using the "Calculated" type questions. The questions are created with variable parameters, such that if two students are solving the same question, their correct answer will be different. The purpose of designing such questions is to evaluate the understanding of the correct method or procedure, which is one of the unique feature of LMS. Kamran Mir Assistant Director ICT

AIOU B.ED 1.5, BED 2.5, BED 4 Solved Assignments – Spring 202

If you’re a student of Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU) pursuing B.Ed. 1.5, B.Ed. 2.5, or B.Ed. 4 programs, then you know how important it is to submit solved assignments to pass each course.

However, it can be challenging to complete these assignments on your own, especially if you’re struggling with the course material or have a busy schedule. That’s where our website page “AIOU B.Ed. 1.5, B.Ed. 2.5, B.Ed. 4 Solved Assignments – Autumn 2022” comes in.

We offer comprehensive, high-quality solved assignments for these AIOU programs to help you achieve academic success without the stress and hassle of tackling assignments alone.

B.ED (1.5 Years), B.ED (2.5 Years), B.ED (4 Years) 

3 credit hours book b.ed assignment submission date autumn 2022.

BS Pakistan Studies ODL Solved Assignments – Autumn 2022

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Welcome to the AIOU BS English ODL Solved Assignments page for Autumn 2022! Pursuing a Bachelor of Science degree in English through the Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU) can be a challenging but rewarding experience. As a distance learning student, you may face difficulties in completing your assignments and understanding the course material. That’s why…

All AIOU MSc Economics Solved Assignments – Autumn 2022

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AIOU Solved Assignment No.4 Course Code 200 Autumn 2024

مندرجہ ذیل سوالوں کے جواب مختصر الکھیں۔ ہر سوال کے چار نمبر ہیں۔ غلط قسم کی ڈیزائننگ سے کس قسم کے مسائل جنم لے سکتے ہیں؟ غلط قسم کی ڈیزائننگ سے کئی قسم کے مسائل جنم لے سکتے ہیں، ان میں سے کچھ درج ذیل ہیں مصنوع کی فہم میں کمی: غلط قسم کی ڈیزائننگ…

AIOU Solved Assignment No.3 AIOU 215 Matric 2023

تعلیم کے عمل میں انفرادی اختلافات کی اہمیت کیا ہے؟ان اختلافات کع مد نظر رکھ کربہترین تعلیم کے لیےکون سے طریقے اختیار کیے جا سکتے ہیں؟ مفصل تحریر کریں تعلیم کے عمل میں انفرادی اختلافات بہت اہم ہوتے ہیں، اور ان کو مد نظر رکھنا تعلیمی عمل کی کامیابی کے لئے ضروری ہے۔ ہر بچے…

AIOU BS Urdu ODL Solved Assignments – Autumn 2024

Here you can get BS Urdu solved Assignments. This website is a platform where students of Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU) pursuing a Bachelor of Science (BS) degree in Urdu can find solved assignments in pdf form. BS Urdu assignments serve as a helpful resource for students as they complete their coursework through the Open…

AIOU Solved Assignment No.1 Course Code 303 Autumn 2024

درج ذیل سوالات کے مختصر جواب تحریر کیجیے۔ اقبال نے ابتدا میں کس شاعر سے خط و کتابت کے ذریعے اصلاح لی تھی؟ اقبال نے اپنے اصلاحی منصوبے کی شروعات میں مشہور فارسی شاعر مولانا رومی کے کلام سے خطوط اور کتابت کا استفادہ اٹھایا. اُنہوں نے مولانا رومی کے فکری وارث کو اپنے اندر…

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برائے مہربانی امتحانی مشقیں حل کرنے سے پہلے درج ذیل ہدایات کو غور سے پڑھیے ۔ہدایات برائے طلبامیٹرک، ایف اے اور بی اے پروگرامز

۔1۔ تمام سوالات لازمی ہیں اور تمام سوالات کے نمبر مساوی ہیں البتہ ہر سوال کی نوعیت کے مطابق نمبر تقسیم ہوں گے۔ ۔2۔ سوالات کو توجہ سے پڑھیے اور سوال کے تقاضے کے مطابق جواب تحریر کیجیے۔ ۔3- مقررہ تاریخ کے بعد/تاخیر کی صورت میں امتحانی مشقیں اپنے متعلقہ ٹیوٹر کو نہ بھیجنے کی صورت میں تمام تر ذمہ داری طالب علم پر ہو گی۔ ۔4۔ آپ کے تجزیاتی اور نظریاتی طرزِ تحریر کی قدر افزائی کی جائے گی۔ ۔5۔ غیر متعلقہ بحث / معلومات اور کتب، سٹڈی گائیڈ یا دیگر مطالعاتی مواد سے ہو بہو نقل کرنے سے اجتناب کیجیے۔

Please read the following instructions for writing your assignments.

(SSC, HSSC & BA Programmes)

1. All questions are compulsory and carry equal marks but within a question the marks are distributed according to its requirements. 2. Read the question carefully and then answer it according to the requirements of the question. 3. Late submission of assignments will not be accepted. 4. Your own analysis and synthesis will be appreciated. 5. Avoid irrelevant discussion/information and reproducing from books, study guide or allied material۔

Rollno Slips / End Term Assesment (Q P) for Semester Autumn 2019

Allama iqbal open university B.Ed Assignment Submission Spring 2022 Last Date

Last Date Of Assignment Submission Aiou Spring 2022 B.Ed for students of Allama Iqbal Open University has been announced. According to the notification, the last date for submission of assignments is 14 October 2022.

Students will not be allowed to sit in the Final Examination if they fail to submit their assignments. The assignments will be uploaded to the university website.

For more information and updates, students can visit the official website of the university or contact their respective regional offices.

AIOU B.Ed Solved Assignments 2022

The students who are pursuing their B. Ed Programs in AIOU, also receive the AIOU Solved Assignments, These Assignments are in PDF Format and you can easily download these files to your Mobile or PC easily., Download your AIOU B.Ed Solved Assignments from the above-mentioned button.,Note: Check AIOU Tutor Letter online by Roll Number [Updated]

AIOU ASSOCIATE DEGREE PROGRAM (ADP) SOLVED ASSIGNMENTS 2021. AIOU Association Degree Programs are for the students who want to pursue their Post Graduate Programs in AIOU, Students of these programs have to perform well in their exams and get good marks in order to get into their desired PG Programs.,These Assignments are in PDF Format and you can easily save these files on your Mobile or PC easily., Download your AIOU Associate Degree Program Solved Assignments from the above-mentioned button.

How to submit AIOU Assignments?

To submit assignments, you have to follow the given steps below.:

1. Go to the Assignment Entry page.

2. Click on the link of the course in which you want to submit your assignment.

3. Enter your Roll Number.

4. Check your Roll Number.

5. If your Roll Number matches with the Roll Number entered in the previous step. Then your assignment is successfully submitted.

6. If you don’t find your Roll Number in the previous step, then go back and re-enter your Roll Number.

Note: To check whether your assignment is submitted or not, check the status on your Assignment Entry Page.

Note: If you have any problem regarding this assignment submission, then you can contact your assigned Tutor.

Note: All assignments are submitted by date and time, so make sure you submit your assignment on time.

AIOU Issues Assignment Submission Schedule 

AIOU ISSUES ASSIGNMENT SUBMISSION SCHEDULE.AIOU University has announced the assignment submission schedule for the spring semester of 2022.AIOU is a leading university in Pakistan offering courses like Bachelor of Arts (BA), Bachelor of Science (BSc), Bachelor of Commerce (BCom), Bachelor of Education (BEd), Bachelor of Science in Computer Science (BSCS), Bachelor of Science in Economics (BSc), Bachelor of Science in Information Technology (BSIT)

Bachelor of Science in Management Sciences (BSMS), Bachelor of Science in Medical Lab Technology (BSMLT), and Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy (BScPh).AIOU University has announced the assignment submission schedule for the spring semester of 2022. The assignment submission schedule for all the courses has been announced. AIOU has also announced the assignment submission date for the course. There is a total of 382 assignment submission dates for various courses.

AIOU Assignment Last Date 2022 Check Online?

AIOU is going to announce the assignment submission date for the year 2022 for both the students of B.ed and B.ed Online. The students can check the assignment submission schedule on the official website. The students are advised to check the dates of the assignment on their own because the assignments are not uploaded on the university website. Also, make sure that you have checked the assignment submission dates on your website.

AIOU SOLVED ASSIGNMENTS 2022

The students are advised to check the solved assignments before they take their exams.

AIOU ISSUES ASSIGNMENT SUBMISSION SCHEDULE  .1st Year Students Can Submit Assignments For  2nd Year Students On 20th April 2022

AIOU has released the assignment submission schedule for all the students of the second year. The deadline for the submissions is 20th April 2020. Students of the first year can start their submissions according to the schedule.

AIOU Assignments Date Revised for Submission 2022

Aiou assignments submission date extended to 2022.

Aiou assignments submission date extended to August 2022.

Aiou assignments submission date extended to September 2022.

Aiou assignments submission date extended to October 2022.

Aiou assignments submission date extended to November 2022.

Aiou assignments submission date extended to December 2022.

Aiou assignments submission date extended to January 2022.

Aiou assignments submission date extended to February 2022.

Aiou assignments submission date extended to March 2022.

Aiou assignments submission date extended to April 2022

conclusion:

Thank you for reading our article on “AIOU Solved Assignment 2022”, We hope that the information in this article is useful and helpful. We would like to hear your feedback.

AIOU ASSOCIATE DEGREE PROGRAM (ADP) SOLVED ASSIGNMENTS 2022. AIOU Association Degree Programs are for the students who want to pursue their Post Graduate Programs in AIOU, Students of these programs have to perform well in their exams and get good marks in order to get into their desired PG Programs.

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AIOU Assignments Schedule spring 2022 Matric, FA,BA,BS,B.ED,MA

 last date of assignment submission aiou spring 2022 matric fa , ba.

•  The assignments are also included in every educational program but the number of assignments depends on the degree. It is a golden opportunity for every student to get high marks in assignments just by following the guidelines of solving assignments according to the question papers.
• You must keep in mind the last date for the completion of the assignment and receive it at your Tutor's address before the deadline. I will advise you to keep visiting our portal to get the additional updates regarding the revision or extension of the last date or assignment date

AIOU Assignments Schedule spring 2022 BA

AIOU Assignment Schedule 2022 for BA and ADE Associate Degree Programme

AIOU Assignment Schedule Spring 2022 for B.ED Programs

AIOU Assignment Schedule Spring 2022 for BS Programs

AIOU Assignment Schedule Spring 2022 for MA Med MSc and PGD Programs

How to submit AIOU Assignment in 2022

• To submit AIOU assignments, go to  http://assignment1.aiou.edu.pk/login/index.php 
• Please submit your assignment to your LMS account within the specified deadlines. 
• If you have any objections or questions about LMS, or account accreditations, please contact your local office.
•  If it’s not too much difficulty, please keep in mind that the understudy is not qualified to appear in the Final Examinations unless he/she obtains the expected good scores on the task’s section.

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AIOU B.ed Solved Assignments Spring 2022

We share solved assignments for the ease of Students. Here I am going to share AIOU B.ed Solved Assignments Spring 2022.

To download B.ed Solved Assignment Spring 2022 visit our website and also share it with your friends.

You can also download aiou workshops quiz spring 2022 by clicking here

یہ اسائنمنٹس صرف اور صرف آپ سٹوڈنٹس کی رہنمائی کے لیئے ہیں۔ آپ یہاں سے کاپی نہ کریں

To download AIOU assignment question papers for the Spring 2023 semester, you can follow these steps:

Visit the website  www.assignmentghar.com . Make sure you have a stable internet connection and a web browser installed on your device.

On the homepage of the assignment Ghar website, navigate to the “Assignments” section. You can typically find this section in the main menu or under the “Academics” or “Students” tab.

Look for the Spring 2023 semester assignments. Usually, the assignments for each semester are categorized separately. Click on the appropriate link or tab related to the Spring 2023 semester.

Once you’re on the Spring 2023 assignments page, you may find different courses or programs listed. Select the specific course or program for which you want to download the assignment question papers.

After selecting the course, you should see a list of assignments for that particular course or program. Look for the assignment question paper you need and click on its download link or button. The file will typically be in PDF format.

Depending on your web browser settings, the file will either be downloaded automatically to your default “Downloads” folder or you will be prompted to choose a location to save the file. Select a suitable location on your device where you want to save the assignment question paper.

Once the download is complete, you can open the downloaded PDF file using a PDF reader or viewer software, such as Adobe Acrobat Reader or any other compatible application installed on your device.

By following these steps, you should be able to download the AIOU assignment question papers for the Spring 2023 semester and access them on your device for reference and completion of your assignments.

You can download Urdu key books, solved assignments, of all the programmes ( Matric, FA, BA, ADE, MA, M.ED, B.ED) of ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UNIVERSITY. You can also download Science, English, Computer, Mathematics, Urdu, Pak study and Islamiyat lesson plans for MA,M.ED and B.ED programmes. For other information of ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UNIVERSITY you can also visit my channel ( AIOU INFO CENTER )

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Friday, January 10, 2020

Aiou bed 1.5, bed 2.5, bed 4 solved assignments - spring 2023.

Welcome to our website. If you are a student of Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU) and pursuing BED 1.5, BED 2.5, BED 4, ADE program, then you have come to the right place. We offer solved assignments for BED 1.5, BED 2.5, BED 4, ADE program that you can download easily from our website. Apart from this, we also have helping books available for purchase that can assist you in preparing for your exams. To stay updated with our latest resources, we recommend that you subscribe to our AIOU Studio 9 YouTube channel, where we regularly upload informative videos related to AIOU and its programs.

Passing Policy:

To pass a subject, you need to get at least 50% marks in the final exam and 50% marks on all the work you did throughout the course. This includes assignments, workshops, quizzes, and the final exam. The final result is calculated by giving 20% weightage to assignments, 30% weightage to workshops and quizzes, and 50% weightage to the final exam.

BED 1.5, BED 2.5, BED 4, ADE program

Solved Assignments of Spring / Autumn 2023.

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مجھے بی ایڈ کے سیکینڈ سمسٹر خزاں 2019 کے مندرجہ ذیل ایسائمنٹس چاھیے 8634 8635 8636 8637 بہت مھربانی ھوگی

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ASLAM O ALIKUM BROTHER, HOPE YOU ARE FINE DUE TO OUR KIND PRAYERS. PLZ UPLOAD M.A EDUCATION ASSIGNMENT CODES ARE 6502 AND 6506

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Allama Iqbal Open University AIOU has announced an assignment schedule for Spring 2022 for the online submission of assignments. This assignment schedule is for MA M.ed MSc and PGD Programs. Online Submission of Assignments is compulsory now for all students of AIOU. This assignment schedule is for the Spring 2022 Semester.

AIOU is a well-known university for its distance learning program. With the development in the IT sector, AIOU has also adopted an online method for the submission of assignments.

AIOU Assignment Schedule Spring 2022 for MA M.ed Msc and PGD Programs

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AIOU Assignment Schedule 2022 for Online Submission

Visit enrollment.aiou.edu.pk to submit assignments of AIOU. Kindly submit your assignment within given dates on your LMS account just well before the due date. If there should arise an occurrence of any objection/question with respect to LMS, account accreditations contact your local office. If it’s not too much trouble, note that the understudy isn’t qualified to show up in the Final Examinations except if he/she acquires the expected good grades on the task’s part.

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AIOU Course Code 1424-1 Solved Assignment Spring 2022

ASSIGNMENT No. 1

DOWNLOAD BUTTON IS GIVEN AT THE END

Q.1   Read pages 1-14 carefully (the content is related to ‘academic writing’ and various types of ‘essays’) and briefly answer the following questions (in your own words).                 

• What is ‘academic writing’? How is it different from other types of writing?

Academic writing is the style of writing we use in the field of academics. Research projects, term papers, conference papers, essays, abstracts, reports, etc. in various disciplines are written in this style. The main difference between academic writing and other styles of writings is that it is more formal and structured. Academic writing also has its own set of rules and structures. The target audience or the readers of academic writing is the scholars of the same discipline.

Academic writing is generally objective, concise and impersonal. It is also more complex than general writing and may consist of technical jargon. Precision is also another very important factor in academic writing.  Punctuation and grammar  should be strictly followed. Contractions (don’t, can’t, etc.),  slang  or informal words, clichés, unnecessary filler words such as really, very, etc. should also be avoided in academic writing.

Referencing and citations  is another major difference in academic writing. In academic writing, the writer is expected to support his argument by citing evidence by other sources. However, this evidence from other sources always has to be properly attributed according to an accepted style guide such as  APA, MLA ,  Chicago and Harvard referencing .

Writing for non-academic and no-technical purposes can be described as general writing. This is the style of writing we use in our day to day life. Diary and journal entries, letters, emails, newspaper articles, advertisements, posters, etc. are all written in a general writing style. Although general writing also requires correct spelling and grammar, it is not as strict as academic writing. In addition, there are no restrictions on the use of slang, contractions, clichés and other words. General writing can be informal, formal or semi-formal, but it’d be simpler and easier to understand than academic writing. There is also no need to use strict referencing and citation in general writing. Academic Writing  is used in research projects, conference papers, essays, abstracts, reports, etc.

General Writing  is used in letters, emails, newspaper articles, diary and journal entries, etc. Academic Writing  uses formal, objective, concise language. General Writing  uses informal, semi-formal language.

• What is ‘analysis essay’? Write an analysis essay on ‘Internet’.

An analytical essay is a piece of writing that provides substantive analysis of a topic. Analysis papers can be written about art, music, literary works, current events, historical events, politics, scientific research, and philosophy, among other topics. Analytical essays are common in academic settings, and they also appear in magazines, newspapers, academic journals, trade journals. A good analytical essay can explain and contextualize basic information for the benefit of a reader. Analytical essays serve two purposes, one for the reader and one for the writer. High school teachers and college professors assign analytical papers to help their students grow as writers and thinkers. Analytical papers boost a student’s writing skills and enhance their comprehension of a particular topic.

Analytical essays also benefit readers. Newspapers and magazines routinely publish critical analysis essays to help their readers make sense of the news of the day. These types of essays enable authors, who may be experts in their fields, to educate their fellow citizens on matters of politics, economics, art, architecture, culture, and many other subjects of importance.

Analysis essay on ‘Internet’

Internet  has already firmly established in the life of modern people. Practically no one can imagine their lives without it, whether they study, work, sit at home or travel around the world. The age when people start using it is on constant decrease, and I will not be surprised if I find out that my 10-year-old neighbor knows how to use it better than me.

Although there are the tendencies I just described, there are certain people who consider this  technology to be harmful  and of no real good to people. Well, what can I say? Those who say so just don’t know what they are talking about, because if they did, they would understand that the  advantages of Internet  usage greatly outweigh the drawbacks it may sometimes have.

First of all,  Internet is a valuable source of information . Yes, people not so long ago succeeded to get education and be informed of the latest news without the web, but does it mean that we should stop using it for information purposes? I don’t think so. Previously people had to spend  many hours in the libraries , writing and rewriting the  necessary information . It took much time and nerves. Today all you have to do if you need some data is access it from your home, sitting in your favorite chair and maybe even listening to music. Isn’t it great? The opportunities it gives to students and all the people who like to be informed are just immense.

Q.2   Read pages 24-30 carefully (the content is about various parts of an academic essay) and write an academic essay (of about 150 words) on ‘My Favorite Subject’.        

My favorite subject among all subjects is English. When I was studying in the primary section then only I loved to study English, as the book was filled up with different interesting stories. We had two books of English up to class 8th. Further, we had one book containing drama. We have separate teachers for teaching us grammar and literature. I eagerly wait for the period of English.

The subject of English helps me in increasing my vocabulary and reading capability. I am fond of reading stories and poems and later on, I use to write it all in my own words. We also have our assignments. We have to perform skits or presentations on the provided topic. I choose to perform a skit and always did the role of the narrator. English is a subject that helps me in improving my writing skills. I wrote many small stories based on my imagination and my story was published in our school library collection.

Q.3   Read pages 31-34 carefully (the content is about formal and informal styles of writing) and decide what type of writing style (formal/informal) is used in the following text and how?                                                                                  

This is a formal writing because the text is of academic point of view.

Q.4   Read Unit 2 which is on ‘sequence’ or ‘chronological order’ (pages 39-72). Sequence is a writing technique that writers use to present information in a step by step manner or in a process or in a sequence (of story, for example).        

Now LINK (connect) sentences (given in the following text) by using appropriate SEQUENCE MARKERS (such as first, secondly, subsequently, then, after, finally, at last etc.). You are required to use at least TEN sequence markers in your answer.

Firstly , the early death of his mother in the Indiana wilderness, then a rude upbringing verging on the ill-mannered, the damage of rough and tumble frontier politics, unbearable mental breakdown resulting from uncertainty in life, all these played their role in the life of Lincoln. Subsequently the hurts of a not altogether happy marriage, and, then the loss of an infant son, all these had added their traces to the life of this great leader.

Q.5   Read the text titled as ‘A Day in the Life of a Nurse’ on pages 56-57 carefully. Also read Exercise-9 given on page 58. Now write down a PARAGRAPH of about 150 words on ‘A Day in the Life of a Bank Manager’. Follow the use of SEQUENCE MARKERS in your answer.

At exactly 5:30 am the alarm clock besides Ms Sarah goes off prompting her out of bed. Ms Mayanja has to rise early because of the nature of her family situation and new position as branch Manager of Equatorial Bank Ltd.

Her husband of 5 years, Sam, works up – country in Gulu, Northern Uganda, for a relief and development NGO and visits over the weekend. This means during his absence Ms sarah has to drop their 5-year-old son, Ali, at Aunt Molly’s kindergarten. Their three- year old, Sobia, is left in the care of a maid.

Quickly, with the help of her maid, she sees that Ali is dressed and readied for school. They sit down to breakfast by 6:30 and by 7:00 am there are both out of the driveway in a jet- blue Toyota Corsa while listening to their favourite morning show on 104.1 Power FM.

After dropping Ali at school, Sarah heads to the Acacia branch of Equatorial Bank and drops in by her normal time of 8 a.m. The first thing she does once in her office is to look at her diary and plot a to – do list.  She always purposes to get through her in- tray before 9 a.m and then go through the day’s errand.

Sarah’s number-one prior­ity is customer service-keeping current customers satisfied and signing up new ones. Privatization has intensified competition in the banking sector.  No longer are the days of sitting back and waiting for corporate customers; the modern banker has to go out scouting for new customers, which is part of Sarah’s job.

To bring in new customers, she tries to make visits each day to potential business clients. Unless she finds the time for such visits, she is unlikely to meet her target of expanding the branch’s business-customer base. Her immediate boss, Mr. Fred Nsereko, the General Manager of Retail banking gave her a target of bringing in 50 new clients with a portfolio worth over $ 2 million each this year. She has already scheduled two important appointments today. One visit will be to Fang Fang restaurant whose proprietor wants to expand her lucrative business.

Another target is lawyers. She has already sent letters to the Uganda Law Society President, Mr. Shafiq Nkuruziza, trying to interest them in a special type of account that lets lawyers purchase Mercedes Benzes on credit. She hopes to find time to visit the Law society offices before Lunchtime, as she has to pick up Ali from school.

Sarah has also a personnel problem to handle in the day. A competitor bank recently recruited one of her assistant managers, Yvonne Nambi, and she has to talk to Human Resource to find her a suitable replacement.  Sarah is happy that her people are competitive but she knows that the bank is weak in succession planning and hopes the Human Resource department devises a way to bridge the effect of these departures.

Sarah has also another personnel problem to handle. Lately, she has observed that Customer Relationship Manager, Musa Byamugisha, seems to be undermining her suggestions. She knows that Musa, who she hears is a relation to a certain Board member, had thought that the promotion would go to him yet in the end it was offered to her. She wonders also if Musa is ignoring her because she is a female and quiet younger than him. But Sarah knows that she was only promoted because of her proven track record. She decides she has to talk to Musa on the issue of insubordination late in the afternoon.

Sarah reviews her in-tray. There is a Memo containing new procedures she is to initiate at the branch, as well as information about new promotions (discounts on traveller’s checks and incentives to open checking ac­counts) that must be implemented. She then opens her Local Area Network mail system. There over 30 mails but she focuses on those addressed to her and near her concern. The rest she can catch up on later.

As she is going through her mail, a credit assistant knocks on the door and enters. Sarah keeps an open door and staff can access her anytime. The credit assistant has a report showing clients with rejected debits, indicat­ing insufficient funds. On the basis of a customer’s account history, Sarah must decide whether to cover a check or let it bounce.

Since this is a Monday, Sarah holds staff meetings at 9 a.m., to review the bank’s performance last week and plans for the week.  The meeting with her senior managers lasts less than an hour, as a rule for there is so much to do in the day.

During the peak time in the middle of the day, Sarah does what she calls Management by Walking Around (MBWA)- pitch­ing in and helping her staff whenever needed. She might review loan applications, talk with customers, or handle special prob­lems, such as the breakdown of an automated teller machine. If cus­tomer lines get particularly long, she works at a teller window. She must also sometimes deal with irate cus­tomers, who may be upset because lines are long or a mistake has been made.

Still, as much as possible, she likes to leave the operations of the branch to her assistant managers. Otherwise, she might get caught up in day-to-day problems and lose sight of her, main task-getting more customers for the bank and meeting her targets. Besides, she also feels the best way to help people grow in confidence is by letting them grow in their jobs.

Q.6   Read the text titled as ‘Planting a Tree: A Step by Step Guide’ on pages 60-61 carefully. Now draw a flow chart for ‘Shopping Online’ and write a paragraph on it by using appropriate SEQUENCE MARKERS.

Q.7   Read the text titled as ‘Pollution’ on pages 98-91 carefully and complete the following tasks briefly:                                                                                    

• Define air pollution.

Air pollution is caused by a combination of gaseous and particulate pollutants such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrogen dioxide emitted from point sources such as factories and motor vehicles that burn fuel. Some gaseous emissions are visible to the eye and sometimes may even diffuse into the atmosphere and become invisible. Particulate pollution, on the other hand, such as soot and black carbon, is always visible.

• Create a diagram illustrating various types of air pollution.
• Explain what causes air pollution?

Certain gases in the atmosphere can cause air pollution. For example, in cities, a gas called  ozone  is a major cause of air pollution. Ozone is also a greenhouse gas that can be both good and bad for our environment. It all depends where it is in Earth’s  atmosphere . When particles in the air combine with ozone, they create smog.  Smog  is a type of air pollution that looks like smoky fog and makes it difficult to see.

Q.8   Read text titled as ‘Types of Teachers’ on pages 96-98 carefully and answer the following questions briefly:                                                                             

• a) What are the characteristics of a friendly teacher?
• expert communication skills
• superior listening skills
• deep knowledge and passion for their subject matter
• the ability to build caring relationships with students
• friendliness and approachability
• excellent preparation and organization skills
• strong work ethic
• community-building skills
• high expectations for all
• How would you define a friendly teacher?

Some qualities of a good teacher include skills in communication, listening, collaboration, adaptability, empathy and patience. Other characteristics of effective teaching include an engaging classroom presence, value in real-world learning, exchange of best practices and a lifelong love of learning.

Q.9   Read about Cause and Effect’ (as given on pages 107-112) carefully and complete the exercises (given on pages 112-146) in the unit.                                      

         Now write down an ESSAY of about 250 words on the causes and effects of ‘Deforestation’. Follow the use of Cause and Effect relationship in your essay. You can discuss ONE effect of multiple causes and reasons and vice versa (multiple effects of ONE reason).

Deforestation refers to the decrease in forest areas across the world that are lost for other uses such as agricultural croplands, urbanization, or mining activities. Greatly accelerated by human activities since 1960, deforestation has been negatively affecting natural ecosystems, biodiversity, and the climate.

Causes of Deforestation

Agriculture.

Commercial or industrial agriculture (field crops and livestock) cause around 40% of forest loss – in the search for space to grow food, fibers or biofuel (such as soybeans, palm oil, beef, rice, maize, cotton and sugar cane). It is also particularly interesting to note  livestock  is believed to be responsible for about 14% of global deforestation. The main reasons why have to do with the large areas require both to raise livestock but also to grow its (soy-based) food.

New Constructions

The construction of human infrastructures has also been driving deforestation. More specifically, 10% of deforestation can be attributed to new infrastructures that serve the current human lifestyle in four main ways: transportation, transformation and energy generation.

On one hand, roads, rails, ports or airports have been built to move all sorts of goods – from cereals and fruits to spices, minerals or fossil fuels – either directly to trade centers or to transformation sites.

Urbanization

The populational shift that is leading people to move from rural areas to urban areas is also contributing to deforestation (5%, according to FAO). This urban growth – in which  68% of the world’s population  is expected to live in cities by 2050 – is leading to an exponential growth of housing and consumption sites. And as cities become larger so they can host more people, they challenge the natural boundaries surrounding them, often leading to deforestation. This is one of the reasons why deforestation is happening.

Deforestation Effects

Effects of deforestation on biodiversity.

The most known consequence of deforestation is its  threat to biodiversity . In fact, forests represent some of the most veritable hubs of  biodiversity . From mammals to birds, insects, amphibians or plants, the forest is home to many rare and fragile species. 80% of the Earth’s land animals and plants live in forests.

By destroying the forests, human activities are putting entire ecosystems in danger, creating natural imbalances, and putting Life at threat. The natural world is complex, interconnected, and made of thousands of inter-dependencies and among other functions, trees provide shade and colder temperatures for animals and smaller trees or vegetation which may not survive with the heat of direct sunlight. Besides, trees also feeding animals with their fruits while providing them with food and shelter they need to survive.

Local People and Their Livelihoods

Healthy forests support the livelihoods of 1.6 billion people globally , one billion of whom are among the worlds poorest. This means there are many people depending on forests for survival and using them to hunt and gather raw products for their small-scale agriculture processes. But in developing countries such as Borneo, Indonesia, Vietnam, Brazil, or Mexico, land tenure systems are weak. This allows big businesses to get these lands and use them for other ends, disrupting local people’s lives.

Food Insecurity in the Future

Today, 52% of all the land used for food production is moderately or severely impacted by  soil erosion . In the long term, the lack of healthy, nutritious soil can lead to low yields and food insecurity.

Soil Erosion

Deforestation weakens and  degrades the soi l. Forested soils are usually not only richer on organic matter, but also more resistant to erosion, bad weather, and extreme weather events. This happens mainly because roots help fix trees in the ground and the sun-blocking tree cover helps the soil to slowly dry out. As a result, deforestation will probably mean the soil will become increasingly fragile, leaving the area more vulnerable to natural disasters such as landslides and floods.

Climate Change

Firstly, taking down trees means they’ll release back into the atmosphere the CO2 they were keeping. Secondly, fewer trees available means reducing the planet’s overall ability to capture and store CO2. Both these effects negatively contribute to the  greenhouse effect  and to  climate change . As a matter of fact, while  food and agriculture  account for 24% of greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation is estimated to be responsible for 10-15% of all anthropogenic CO2 emissions.

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