critical essay questions higher english

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Higher English - critical reading

Critical reading 2023 - section 1 scottish text  (all links open as pdf files).

• 2023 Question paper    (External link to SQA website)
• 2023 Marking instructions   (External link to SQA website)

Candidate 1 - Question 40 (The Way My Mother Speaks by Carol Ann Duffy)

• Candidate 1 Evidence
• Candidate 1 Commentary

Candidate 2 - Question 24 (Jekyll and Hyde)

• Candidate 2 Evidence
• Candidate 2 Commentary

Candidate 3 - Question 48 (Brooklyn Cop by Norman MacCaig)

• Candidate 3 Evidence
• Candidate 3 Commentary

Candidate 4 - Question 12 (Men Should Weep)

• Candidate 4 Evidence
• Candidate 4 Commentary

Critical Reading 2023 - Critical Essays (All links open as PDF files)

Candidate 1 - a view from the bridge, candidate 2 - othello, candidate 3 - lord of the flies, candidate 4 - disabled (poem), critical reading 2022  (all links open as pdf files).

• 2022 Question paper   (External link to SQA website)
• 2022 Marking instructions   (External link to SQA website)

Candidate 1 - 1984 (Novel)

Candidate 2 - smeddum (short story), candidate 3 - the catcher in the rye (novel), candidate 4 - exposure (poem), candidate 5 - dunkirk (film).

• Candidate 5 Evidence

Candidate 6 - The Godfather (Film)

• Candidate 6 Evidence
• Candidates 1 to 6 Commentaries

Critical Reading 2021 - Section 2

• 2021 Question paper   (External link to SQA website)
• 2021 Marking instructions (External link to SQA website)
• Candidate A - Q2 A Streetcar Named Desire
• Candidate B - Q2 A Streetcar Named Desire
• Candidate C - Q13 Psycho
• Candidates A to C Evidence
• Candidates A to C Annotated Evidence
• Candidates A to C Commentaries

Critical reading 2019  (All links open as PDF files)

• 2019 Question paper   (External link to SQA website)
• 2019 Marking instructions   (External link to SQA website)

Candidate 1 - Scottish text: The Slab Boys. Critical Essay: The Great Gatsby

Candidate 2 - scottish text: the telegram. critical essay: romeo and juliet, candidate 3 - scottish text: the cone-gatherers. critical essay: o captain my captain, candidate 4 - scottish text: the strange case of dr jekyll and mr hyde. critical essay: the crucible, candidate 5 - scottish text: in mrs tilscher's class. critical essay: death of a salesman, candidate 6 - scottish text: the strange case of dr jekyll and mr hyde. critical essay: a streetcar named desire, candidate 7 - scottish text: last supper. critical essay: a hanging.

• Candidate 7 Evidence

Candidate 8 - Scottish text: Men Should Weep. Critical essay: My Last Duchess

• Candidate 8 Evidence
• Candidates 1 to 8 Commentaries

Critical Reading 2017  (All links open as PDF files)

Candidate 5 - scottish text: the cone-gatherers, robin jenkins. critical essay: the second coming, w.b.yeats.

• Candidate 5 Commentary

Candidate 6 - Scottish Text: Valentine, Carol Ann Duffy. Critical Essay: Lord of the Flies, William Golding

• Candidate 6 Commentary

Candidate 7 - Scottish Text: Basking Shark, Norman MacCaig. Critical Essay: Othello, William Shakespeare

• Candidate 7 Commentary

Scottish Text 2015  (All links open as PDF files)

Candidate 1 - war photographer, candidate 2 - the cone-gatherers, candidate 3 - men should weep, candidate 4 - the slab boys, critical essay 2015  (all links open as pdf files), candidate 1 - the great gatsby, candidate 2 - death of a salesman, candidate 3 - a hanging, candidate 4 - death of a naturalist, candidate 5 - macbeth, candidate 6 - shutter island, candidate 7 - the rabbit catcher, candidate 8 - a streetcar named desire.

• Candidate 8 Commentary
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Home of The Brave

Higher practice – prose questions.

The following exam questions have been lifted from the old Higher papers. It would be worth your while to take a look at these and practice your critical writing. Remember you must have a clear introduction that sets out what you are going to be looking at, each main paragraph must have a point which is then back up with evidence from the text (preferably a quote). You then need to analyse this evidence, how is it supporting your point? And finally how does this link back to the main argument?

>Choose a novel in which the fate of the main character is important in conveying the writer’s theme. Explain what you consider the main theme to be and discuss how effectively the fate of the character conveys it.

>Choose a novel which has one of the following as its theme: sacrifice; unrequited love; isolation. Discuss the techniques by which the novelist establishes one of these themes and go on to show how, in the end, he or she achieves a satisfactory resolution.

>Choose a novel in which the writer’s method of narration (such as first person narrative, diary form, journal…) plays a significant part. Explain briefly the method of narration and discuss its importance to your appreciation of the text.

>Choose a novel where the method of narration makes an important contribution to the success of the text. Briefly explain the method of narration used by the author and then show in more detail the ways in which it contributes to the overall theme.

>Choose a novel which seems to be bleak and pessimistic. Show how the pessimism is established and go on to discuss the extent to which the pessimism contributes to the overall theme.

>Choose a novel with dark uncertain undertones. Explain the means by which the writer has created the undertones and, in more detail, discuss their contribution to the themes as a whole.

>Choose a novel in which the novelist makes use of more than one location. Discuss how the use of different locations allows the novelist to develop the central concern(s) of the text.

>Choose a novel where characters are affected by certain external forces over which they have little control. Discuss the writer’s use of such forces – social, political, supernatural – and show the extent to which the characters have difficulty in dealing with them.

>Choose a novel in which the novelist makes use of symbols. Describe briefly what they represent and discuss how the use of these symbols helps develop the central concern(s) of the text.

>Choose a novel in which the story’s emotional twists ensure that your interest is held until the end. Briefly explain how these twists involve you in the story and then discuss how they lead to a deeper appreciation of the text as a whole.

>Choose a novel which has a theme of friendship or family relationships. Show how the novelist explores your chosen theme and discuss how this treatment enhances your appreciation of the novel as a whole.

>Choose a novel in which a character experiences a moment of revelation. Describe briefly what is revealed and discuss its significance to your understanding of the theme/s.

>Choose a novel in which a minor character plays an important part. Show how the minor character’s role is established and go on to discuss how that character contributes to either the fate of the main character or to the overall theme of the novel.

>Choose a novel which slowly reveals the strengths of the main character. Show how the writer achieves the revelation and go on to demonstrate how it contributes to the overall theme of the text.

>Choose a novel with a central character you consider to be heroic. Show how the heroic qualities are revealed and discuss how this portrayal of the character enhances your understanding of the text as a whole.

>Choose a novel where the story, interesting for its own sake, nevertheless also comments more generally on human behaviour. Show how the story itself interests you but go on to discuss how the story also has a much more universal appeal.

>Choose a novel where the ending raises more questions than answers. Explain how the novelist prepares us for the ending and go on to discuss its contribution to the novel as a whole. >Choose a novel in which one character’s loyalty or disloyalty to another proves to be decisive. Explain how this arises and go on to discuss why you think it is important to the text as a whole.

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Higher English Help

Useful tips for your english revision., critical essay.

As part of your exam, you’ll have to write two critical essays. Each is worth twenty-five marks, and you get one and a half hours in total, or forty-five minutes each. That’s not a long time. The secret to writing a good essay in this time is planning.

The best way to write an essay at Higher level is to approach it ‘thematically’. This means that the key themes in the text should form the basis of your paragraphs. This will help you to analyse the text, rather than just describing it. Think about it this way – if someone asked you to explain why one football team beat another, and you simply explained what happened on a minute-by-minute basis, that wouldn’t be a very good answer. Instead, if you explained key aspects in which Team A was better than Team B, you would be more concise and give a better answer. That is the thematic approach.

So, when you come to plan your essay, you should aim to write three or four body paragraphs (not including the introduction and conclusion) that are each based around relevant themes. As part of your revision, you should make a ‘spider chart’ of key themes in the text, which you can then apply to the question.There are probably five or six key themes of each text (have a look at the ‘Help with Texts’) section to help you identify the key themes.

To give you an example, in 2012, one of the questions said:

If you were answering using “Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde” as your text, your three key themes might be: 1) The battle between good and evil in humans; 2) Addiction and the loss of control; 3) The contrast between Science and Morality.

Each of these paragraphs will allow you to explore different themes within the text, which means you can focus on analysis of the story, rather than simply describing what’s going on.

The ‘critical’ aspect of a critical essay is the analysis. You should be able to say why the author chose a particular word, event or character. Thinking about the message behind the text is a good place to start. Also, have a look at the author’s biography. Usually their own life experiences influence their writing. For example, Arthur Miller wrote “The Crucible” as a direct allegory of his own experiences of the Communist ‘witchhunts’ of 1950s America.

When it comes to writing your essays in the exam, the best way to divide your time is as follows:

10 minutes planning,

30 minutes writing (6 minutes per paragraph),

5 minutes checking your work.

Obviously, this doesn’t give you a lot of time to actually write your paragraphs. This will force you to be straight to the point (if you are someone who waffles, then the short writing time is a blessing in disguise). Keep your sentences short when you are writing. This will help you to be direct, and to keep you focused on the question at hand. Try reading past essays out loud to yourself, and seeing where the sentences are too long.

You can keep your topic sentences in particular very short. In fact, it’s best to make them straight to the point. Using the “Jekyll and Hyde” example above, the topic sentence for the first paragraph could be: “The battle between Jekyll and Hyde is symbolic of the battle between good and evil in humans.” This is direct, and shows the reader exactly what you will talk about in the paragraph.

Make sure that you finish each paragraph with a one sentence mini-conclusion that links back to the question. Usually the question is split into two, and the finish of the sentence should refer to the second part of the question. So, using the “Jekyll and Hyde” example, the final sentence of the first paragraph could be: “Jekyll’s growing realisation that he cannot control Hyde forces him to isolate himself, and shows that Jekyll has come to regret his earlier immoral decisions.” Writing a one sentence mini-conclusion will help you when it comes to writing your final conclusions, and will also keep your work focused on the question.

In your paragraphs, the best sentence structure is the P.E.A. approach. This stands for Point, Evidence, and Analysis. Make your point, then back it up with a quotation or an example from the text, and then explain why this is important or relevant to the question. You can practice this simple approach by using the following framework in your revision:

Point – One of the key themes in the text is…

Evidence – This is shown when…

Analysis – This highlights/emphasises….

Although it is best not to use these exact phrases every time, this does give you an idea of how you should approach the content of your paragraphs.

The Introduction

The format of your introduction should be:

1) A synoptic statement about the text (i.e. explaining when it was written, who wrote it, and a one sentence summary of the plot).

2) An explanation of the relevance of the question to the text. For example, using the sample question above, you should say why Dr. Jekyll is good to talk about as to a character who has a changing view of himself.

3) Identify the key themes of the text. In reality, this is you explaining what your paragraphs are going to be. Instead of saying “In this essay I will talk about…”, say “The most important themes are…” and then mention what your paragraphs will be. Be confident in what you are writing!

4) Try and draw your themes together into one ‘mega theme’. This will be the final sentence of your introduction, and so should be short and snappy (to get the reader’s attention). There should be an underlying point that links all of your themes together. For example, using the “Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde” question above, the three paragraphs are all linked by the idea of man’s internal conflict, and the ongoing battle between being ethical and fulfilling desires. This would be the ‘mega theme’.

The Conclusion

Conclusions are really very simple, although a number of students don’t even write one. If you’ve planned your time properly, then you will have time to conclude your argument. Not only is this critical for getting good marks for structuring, but it will allow you to actually answer the question. The format of the conclusion should be:

1) Spend one sentence summing up each of the paragraphs you wrote. The mini-conclusions you wrote will help with this.

2) Draw these all together again using your mega theme.

3) Your final sentence of the entire essay should give a direct answer to the question. Look at how the question is worded and use that to help you phrase your answer. Think about the final sentence as a one-sentence ‘in a nutshell’ answer. An examiner should be able to read just your last sentence to get a sense of what you are arguing. For the “Jekyll and Hyde” example, the final sentence could be: “Ultimately, Jekyll’s changing relationship with Hyde is an allegory for man’s internal conflict, and Stevenson’s belief in man’s capacity for both good and evil.”

Lessons to take away

Work on a ‘spider diagram’ of the key themes in your texts.

Keep your sentences short/read practice essays out loud to yourself.

Remember P.E.A.

Practice writing 10 minute plans.

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Higher English Model Essay: The Crucible (16/20) - Conflict with Surroundings

Subject: English

Age range: 16+

Resource type: Assessment and revision

Last updated

25 January 2021

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This is a Higher English A-grade critical essay which examines Arthur Miller’s play The Crucible in relation to the following question:

*Choose a play in which the main character is in conflict with his or her surroundings. Briefly explain the nature of this conflict and discuss how the dramatist’s presentation of this feature helps you enhance your understanding of the play as a whole. *

The essay has been colour coded to show the different types of sections to an essay. A non-colour coded version is also attached beneath.

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The Crucible Essay and Quote Booklet Bundle: NAT 5/Higher

This bundle contains 5 example Higher English critical essays and 1 example National 5 critical essay. It also contains a booklet of the most significant and useful quotes necessary for studying Arthur Miller's 'The Crucible' with accompanying analysis. This bundle is useful for teaching by example, reference for both students and teacher, and for general information of the play and playwright.

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The Higher English course is assessed on folio writing, a spoken language assessment and a final exam in addition to revision and coursework throughout the year. Structuring your answers and understanding the marking can help you get the best result.

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