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German Studies: A Research Guide: German Literature

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Resources for German Literature

English language .

• Encyclopedia of German Literature Call Number: Olin Reference PT 41 .E53x 2000 + 2 volumes. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn, 2000. Authors make up the majority of the more than 500 entries, and important writers in the history of German literature from Goethe to Hesse are treated. Inclusion has been extended to contemporary writers such as Aysel Ozakin and Yoko Tawada. Author entries conclude with bibliographies of works by the author, including English translations, as well as secondary scholarship. One or more additional articles follow many author entries, treating specific literary works by that author. Includes bibliographical references and index.
• The Feminist Encyclopedia of German Literature Call Number: Olin Library Reference PT 41 .F46x 1997 Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1997. "In entries for more than 500 topics, the volume surveys literary periods, epochs, and genres; critical approaches and theories; important authors and works; female stereotypes; laws and historical developments; literary concepts and themes; and organizations and archives relevant to women and women's studies. Each entry offers a concise identification of the term, a discussion of its significance, and a bibliography of works for further reading." - amazon.com
• FRANCIS [aka PASCAL FRANCIS] Now bundled with the PASCAL database, the site offers free access to a searchable archive of two databases, FRANCIS (1972-2015) and PASCAL (1984-2015). FRANCIS covers a wide range of multilingual, multidisciplinary information in the humanities (67%), social sciences (30%), and economics (3%). FRANCIS is strong in French studies, religion, the history of art, and literature, with particular emphasis on current trends in European and world literature.
• MLA International Biography New York: Modern Language Association, 1963 - . An international database providing references to scholarly articles from over 4000 journals dealing with languages, literature, folklore and linguistics. It is useful for finding literary criticism of a particular author or work, as well as articles on literary theory, women's studies, popular culture, and performing arts.
• The Oxford Companion to German Literature 3rd edition. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. Available online. Also available in print: Olin Library Reference PT 41 .G23 1997. Designed to be a reliable source of information on the whole sweep of literature from German-speaking countries from the eighth century onwards, the Companion now encompasses the mid-1990s. The entries, arranged in a single alphabetical sequence, cover authors and their major works, as well as historical, intellectual, and cultural backgrounds. The Companion's historical coverage and depth of information--on subjects as various as Kafka and Kleist, Werther and Christa Wolf, Nietzsche and the Nibelungenlied, Jung and Jelinek, Rilke and Die Reformation--makes it a useful reference book for everyone with an interest in the literature and literary culture of the German-speaking world.

German Language

• Bibliographie der deutschen Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft Print: Library Annex Z 2231 .B58, Bd. 1-39. Uris Stacks Z 2231 .B58, Bd. 40 to date. Online: (Frankfurt/Main: Stadt- und Universitätsbibliothek, 2003-), 1985 to date.
• Daten deutscher Dichtung: Chronologischer Abriss der deutschen Literaturgeschichte Call Number: Olin Library Reference PT 103 .F87 1991 Frenzel, Herbert A. München: DTV, 1991. 2 volumes. Contents: Bd. 1. Von den Anfängen bis zum Jungen Deutschland -- Bd. 2. Vom Realismus bis zur Gegenwart. Der erste Band beginnt mit dem frühen Mittelalter von 750 bis 1170, läuft weiter über das hohe und späte Mittelalter, die Renaissance von 1470 bis 1600, auch Barock, Aufklärung, Empfindsamkeit, natürlich Sturm und Drang, die Klassik und Romantik, schließlich Biedermaier und Vormärz. Der Realismus ab 1850 leitet den zweiten Band ein, den man gleich zusammen mit dem ersten Band anschaffen sollte. Zu jeder Epoche gibt Frenzel einen historischen Überblick mit wesentlichen Ereignissen auf politischer und geisteswissenschaftlicher Ebene, den Zusammenhang zu zentralen Werken, Vorbildern und ausländischen Einflüssen. Epoche eine Chronologie aller bedeutenden Werke mit Angaben zu Autor, Titel, Inhalt und Bedeutung. [amazon.de]
• Die deutsche Literatur des Mittelalters : Verfasserlexikon, unter Mitarbeit zahlreicher Fachgenossen. Call Number: Olin Reference Z 2230 .S78 1933 Available online as part of Verfasser-Datenbank. First edition: 5 volumes. Berlin: W. de Gruyter, 1933-55. 2nd edition (Olin Reference Z 2230 .S78 1977): 14 volumes--volumes 12-14 are indexes--plus 3 supplement volumes. 1977- . Deutscher Humanismus , 1480-1520 is included as supplements 1 and 2 to the 2nd edition.
• Die deutsche Lyrik in Reclams Universal-Bibliothek Ann Arbor, MI: ProQuest. Full-text electronic version "covers almost 500 years of German lyric poetry and includes the work of over 500 authors from the 15th to the 20th century. Die Deutsche Lyrik in Reclams Universal-Bibliothek is published with the co-operation and support of Philipp Reclam jun., Stuttgart and covers all volumes of German poetry published within Reclams Universalbibliothek since 1945." [English version of home page].
• Deutscher Humanismus, 1480-1520 Call Number: Olin Reference Z 2230 .S78 1977 Available online as part of Verfasser-Datenbank; Print: Included as a two-volume supplement to Die deutsche Literatur des Mittelalters , 2nd edition.
• Deutsches Literatur-Lexikon . Das 20. Jahrhundert: biographisches-bibliographisches Handbuch. Bern: K.G. Saur, 2000- . A major bio-bibliographical dictionary of German writers. The 2000 edition is in progress. The 1966 edition, Deutsches Literatur-Lexikon Biograph.-bibliograph Handbuch is shelved just before it (Olin Reference Z 2230 .K86 1966). It is completed through Bd. 35 (Wolf - Worbs.).
• Frühe Neuzeit in Deutschland 1520-1620, Literaturwissenschaftliches Verfasserlexikon 2 volumes so far. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2011- . In progress. Volume 1: Aal, Johannes to Chytraeus, Nathan. Volume 2: Clajus, Johannes to Gigas, Johannes.
• Handbuch österreichischer Autorinnen und Autoren Judischer Herkunft 18. bis 20. Jahrhundert Call Number: Olin Stacks PT 3826 .J48 H36x 2002 Munich: K.G. Saur, 2002.
• Kindlers neues Literatur Lexikon Call Number: Olin Reference PN 44 .K51 1996 Herausgegeben von Walter Jens; [Chefredaktion, Rudolf Radler]. Studienausgabe. 21 volumes. Mütnchen: Kindler, [1996?], 1988. Originally published as Kindlers Literatur Lexikon . Online title: Kindlers Literatur Lexikon Online . Das große, als Standardwerk anerkannte Literaturlexikon liegt jetzt als broschierte Studienausgabe vor - ein unerschöpfliches Nachschlagewerk fütr den Literaturfreund und -kenner.
• Kritisches Lexikon zur deutschsprachigen Gegenwartsliteratur (KLG) Call Number: Olin Library PT 155 .K92 Ed. Heinz Ludwig Arnold. Munich: Edition Text + Kritik, 1978- . Das KLG auf CD-ROM (Olin Reference Disk PT 155 .K92a) available in the Electronic Text Center (ETC). "Das KLG bietet detaillerte Informationen zu derzeit etwa 750 Schriftstellerinnen und Schriftstellern der deutschsprachigen Gegenwartsliteratur. In ausführlichen Essays werden die einzelnen Werke der Autorinnen und Autoren sowie Werkzusammenhänge und poetologische Grundlagen eingehend analysiert." [Homepage]
• Literaturlexikon: Autoren und Werke deutscher Sprache Call Number: Olin Reference PT 41. L77 Herausgegeben von Walther Killy ; unter Mitarbeit von Hans Fromm ... [et al.] ; beratende Mitwirkung und Bildkonzeption Helmut Kindler. München : Bertelsmann Lexikon Verlag, 1988-1993. 15 volumes. Available online as part of Verfasser-Datenbank "Walter Killys Literaturlexikon ist wohl inzwischen zu einem Standardwerk der germanistischen Nachschlagewerke geworden. In wissenschaftlich fundierten Artikeln, die teilweise, etwa Über Goethe, schon Aufsätzen gleichen, werden Biographien deutscher Schriftsteller und Schriftstellerinnen genauso behandelt wie ihre größten Werke. Zudem gibt es einen literaturgeschichtlichen Überblick, der alleine schon den Erwerb des Lexikons lohnen würde." [amazon.de]
• Metzler Autoren Lexikon: deutschsprachige Dichter und Schriftsteller vom Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart Call Number: Olin Stacks PT 155 .M59 1994 Herausgegeben von Bernd Lutz. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 1994. Das "Metzler Autoren Lexikon" umfaßt 440 Artikel über deutschsprachige Autorinnen und Autoren der Literaturgeschichte und der Gegenwartsliteratur - begeisternd erzählt, sachlich dargestellt - eine kompetente Fundgrube für alle Literaturliebhaber - jetzt als ungekürzte Sonderausgabe nach der zweiten, wesentlich erweiterten Auflage. Das "Metzler Autoren Lexikon", in der zweiten Auflage mit 440 Artikeln, hat sich längst den Rang eines studienbegleitenden Standardwerks erobert. Für seinen Wert spricht, daß die vorhandenen Literaturgeschichten nur punktuell auf den Zusammenhang von Leben, Werk und Wirkung einer Autorenbiographie eingehen. Das "Metzler Autoren Lexikon," an dem nahezu 150 Fachwissenschaftler mitgearbeitet haben, soll das Verstehen von Literatur durch die Beschreibung dieses Regelkreises bereichern und vertiefen. Es hebt sich von den vorhandenen Nachschlagewerken zu biographischen und werkgeschichtlichen Aspekten der deutschen Literatur durch die Lebendigkeit und Eindringlichkeit der Darstellung und die Konzentration auf die wesentlichen Autoren in Geschichte und Gegenwart ab. Die Artikel sind angemessen breit angelegt und enthalten die Daten und Fakten, die einen weitergehenden Eindruck der Autorenpersönlichkeit vermitteln. Die Nennung wichtiger, allgemein zugänglicher Sekundärliteratur vervollständigt den Überblick." [amazon.de]
• Reallexikon der deutschen Literaturwissenschaft: Neubearbeitung des Reallexikons der deutschen Literaturgeschichte Call Number: Olin Reference PT 41 .R28 1997 Gemeinsam mit Harald Fricke, Klaus Grubmüller und Jan-Dirk MÜller; herausgegeben von Klaus Weimar. Berlin; New York: De Gruyter, 1997- [3., neubearb. Aufl.] Das Reallexikon der deutschen Literaturwissenschaft (RLW) ist ein Begriffswörterbuch, das eine umfassende und systematische Bestandsaufnahme des literaturwissenschaftlichen Sprachgebrauchs bietet. Sein eigentliches Ziel ist die Klärung und Präzisierung des wissenschaftlichen Sprachgebrauchs. Daher unterscheidet es im Gegensatz zu anderen Lexika deutlich zwischen Wort-, Begriffs-, Sach- und Forschungsinformation. Es führt in mehr als 900 Artikeln in die Begriffswelt der deutschen Literaturwissenschaft ein. Das klar gegliederte Artikelschema ist eine Innovation: Es führt von einer ersten knappen Definition durch Wort-, Begriffs-, Sach- und Forschungsgeschichte bis zur weiterführenden Literatur.(De Gruyter)
• Verfasser-Datenbank: Autoren der deutschsprachigen Literatur und des deutschsprachigen Raums: Von den Anfängen bis zur Gegenwart [Database of authors: writers of German-language literature and the German-speaking world from the beginning to the present day.] Walter de Gruyter. The Verfasser-Datenbank (Database of Authors) enables cross searching of the standard reference works Die deutsche Literatur des Mittelalters, Deutscher Humanismus 1480-1520, Frühe Neuzeit in Deutschland 1520-1620 and the Killy-Literaturlexikon together online. [Adapted from "Aims and Scope" on the database home page]
• Von wem ist das Gedicht? Eine bibliographische Zusammenstellung aus 50 deutschsprachigen Anthologien Call Number: Olin Stacks PT 1158 .D87 Dühmert, Anneliese. 1. Aufl. Berlin, Haude u. Spener (1969).
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Getting Started

Your best place to start is JHU's German Language + Literature Databases . Particularly useful for general literary research in German are:

• MLA International Bibliography
• Bibliographie der Deutschen Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft
• Klassik Online

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Literary Guides

• The Cambridge History of German Literature
• Columbia Dictionary of Modern European Literature, the Encyclopedia of the Novel and the New Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics (all available via ProQuest Literature Online)
• A Companion to 20th Century German Literature
• An Encyclopedia of German Women Writers 1900-1933
• Encyclopedia of the Novel available via ProQuest Literature Online
• Johns Hopkins Guide to Literary Theory and Criticism
• New Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics available via ProQuest Literature Online
• The Oxford Companion to German Literature
• Quellenlexikon zur deutschen Literaturgeschichte
• Walther Killy Literatur Lexikon
• ACLS Humanities E-Books
• Cambridge Histories Online
• Oxford Scholarship Online
• Literature Resource Center
• Cambridge Companions Online

Books on D-level

The main German Language and Literature collections are found on D-level at MSEL under the following call numbers:

• PM (Compact shelving): Books on German language and literature, cataloged before 7/96.
• PF 1-5999 (Blue Label Section): Books on German language cataloged after 7/96.
• PT 1-4897 (Blue Label Section): Books on German literature cataloged after 7/96.
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• German language portal Guide to German language learning resources at Northwestern.
• Deutsche Literatur des 18. Jahrhunderts Online (18th Century German Literature Online) This link opens in a new window Provides first editions and first published complete editions by German-speaking authors of the 18th century, from the early stages of the age of Enlightenment to the later part of the period.
• Verfasser-Datenbank (Database of German Authors) This link opens in a new window Provides information about literary authors in the German-speaking world from the Middle Ages to the present. Includes online access to the standard reference works Die deutsche Literatur des Mittelalters, Deutscher Humanismus 1480-1520 , Frühe Neuzeit in Deutschland 1520-1620 and the Killy-Literaturlexikon .

• MLA International Bibliography This link opens in a new window Compiled by the Modern Language Association, the MLA International Bibliography lists articles and books in the fields of literature, language, and linguistics in the modern languages, as well as folklore, film studies, literary theory & criticism, dramatic arts, and historical aspects of printing and publishing.
• Datenbank-Paket Duden This link opens in a new window Duden online includes 17 German dictionaries from Duden-Verlag, covering a wide range of topics including German word definitions, orthography and usage, names, word origins, economic and medical terms. Search an individual dictionary or across all 17 dictionaries.
• Pocket Oxford German Dictionary: German-English (4 ed.) German-English dictionary from Oxford Reference.
• Pocket Oxford German Dictionary: English German (4 ed.) English-German dictionary from Oxford Reference.
• Encyclopedia of German Literature Designed to provide English readers of German literature the opportunity to familiarize themselves with both the established canon and newly emerging literatures that reflect the concerns of women and ethnic minorities, the Encyclopedia of German Literature includes a large number of entries on writers, individual works, and topics essential to an understanding of this rich literary tradition. more... less... Drawing on the expertise of an international group of experts, the essays in the encyclopedia reflect developments of the latest scholarship in German literature, culture, and history and society. In addition to the essays, "author" entries include biographies and works lists; and "works" entries provide information about first editions, selected critical editions, and English-language translations. All entries conclude with a list of further readings.

• Hathi Trust Digital Library This link opens in a new window A partnership of more than sixty major research institutions with Google, the Hathi Trust Digital Library includes all the book images from these libraries that have been digitized by Google. Only out-of-copyright images (generally pre-1923) can be displayed, or others where the permission of the copyright holder has been obtained, though both in-copyright and out-of-copyright materials can be searched. Out-of-copyright books can be downloaded by Northwestern users who register with the site.
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Deutsche Literatur im Globalen Buchmarkt. Statistiken, Kontexte und Paratexte

• First Online: 22 April 2022

Cite this chapter

• Corinna Norrick-Rühl 5  

Part of the book series: Globalisierte Literaturen. Theorie und Geschichte transnationaler Buchkultur / Globalized Literatures. Theory and History of Transnational Book Culture ((GLTGTB,volume 1))

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Zusammenfassung

Literatur globalgeschichtlich zu begreifen heißt auch, Literatur einzuordnen in ein weltweites Netzwerk aus Akteure*innen und Unternehmen, die vermittelnd zwischen Autor*innen und Leser*innen stehen. Eine Globalgeschichte der Literatur lässt sich somit nicht von Fragen der Buchwissenschaft abkoppeln. Die deutschsprachige Buchwissenschaft erforscht „zentral das Buch“ sowie auch andere „Medien schriftbasierter Kommunikation“ (Rautenberg 2015, S. 100).

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Norrick-Rühl, C. (2022). Deutsche Literatur im Globalen Buchmarkt. Statistiken, Kontexte und Paratexte. In: Büttner, U., Kim, D.D. (eds) Globalgeschichten der deutschen Literatur. Globalisierte Literaturen. Theorie und Geschichte transnationaler Buchkultur / Globalized Literatures. Theory and History of Transnational Book Culture, vol 1. J.B. Metzler, Stuttgart. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05786-0_7

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German Language & Literature (Advanced Researchers)

Related guides.

• European Studies Resources
• German Language and Literature Resources Selection of resources geared toward beginning researchers.

Main Databases for German Language and Literature

• Bibliographie der deutschen Sprach und Literaturwissenschaft Major bibliographical index covering all periods of German language and literature. Includes citations for journal articles, book chapters, and books. Commonly referred to as Eppelsheimer-Köttelwesch.
• MLA International Bibliography Use the MLA International Bibliography to find scholarly books and articles on modern languages, literatures, folklore, and linguistics. This index has been compiled by the Modern Language Association of America since 1926.
• Academic Search Premier A great place to start your research on any topic, search multidisciplinary, scholarly research articles. This database provides access to scholarly and peer reviewed journals, popular magazines and other resources. View this tutorial to learn how to go from a general idea to a very precise set of results of journal articles and scholarly materials.
• Libraries Search Search the University of Minnesota Libraries to find books, scholarly journal articles, news, magazines, media, and other items in the University's collection. View this tutorial to learn how to go from a general idea to a very precise set of results of journal articles and scholarly materials.

Additional Databases

• Arts & Humanities Citation Index (Web of Science) AHCI covers arts, humanities, and area studies scholarship. Titles of foreign-language works are translated into English, and abstracts are given in English, thereby simplifying and standardizing searching across languages.
• DART Europe e-Theses Portal Access to over 800,00 open access research theses from 617 Universities in 28 European countries.
• Dissertations and Theses Global This link opens in a new window Collection of dissertations and theses from around the world, offering millions of works from thousands of universities. Each year hundreds of thousands of works are added. Full-text coverage spans from 1743 to the present, with citation coverage dating back to 1637.
• DigiZeitschriften Search back issues of German-language scholarly journals.
• FIAF International Index to Film Periodicals Database International Federation of Film Archives (FIAF) inlcudes coverage of hundreds of the world's foremost academic and popular film journals right up to the present day. Many of these key titles are available here in full text including complete runs.
• Film and Television Literature Index with Full-Text Search articles on film and television studies' topics including theory, preservation, restoration, writing, production, cinematography, reviews from "Variety" back to 1914 and more.
• HathiTrust Digital Library This link opens in a new window HathiTrust provides access to millions of books and other materials. Full text searching of most books is available and books in the public domain (generally older books) can be freely viewed and/or downloaded. Books still in copyright have more limited access. Users with print-reading disabilities can apply for special access to digitized works by emailing [email protected].
• Index deutschsprachiger Zeitschriften 1750-1815 Index to 100,000 articles from 195 German-language periodicals from 1750 to 1815.
• International Medieval Bibliography (IMB) Search books and articles useful to the study of the Middle Ages, the period 476-1500 across Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa, covering resources in over 25 languages.
• Iter: Gateway to the Middle Ages and Renaissance Iter is a bibliography of over 230,000 articles and reviews drawn from over 475 medieval and renaissance journal titles. more... less... Includes access to Iter Bibliography; Iter Italicum; Milton: A Bibliography (1624-1799); Bibliography of English Women Writers (1500-1640); French Renaissance Paleography and Gateway to Early Modern Manuscript Sermons
• JSTOR Find full text articles in academic journals or books on the arts, humanities, social sciences, and sciences. JSTOR provides articles from the journal's first issue. In some cases the most recent 2-5 years may not be available. View this tutorial to learn how to go from a general idea to a very precise set of results of journal articles and scholarly materials.
• Kritisches Lexikon zur deutschsprachigen Gegenwartsliteratur (KLG) Bio-bibliographical database of contemporary (post-1945) German-speaking authors.
• Linguistics & Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) Search journals in linguistics and language sciences from 1973 to the present including phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics in journal articles, book reviews, books, book chapters, dissertations and working papers.
• MLA Directory of Periodicals The MLA Directory of Periodicals, produced by the Modern Language Association (MLA), provides detailed information on thousands of journals and book series in the fields of literature, language, linguistics, film, rhetoric and composition, and folklore. Entries cover publication details, contact information, submission requirements and editorial policies, subscription terms, electronic availability and advertising, and useful statistics such as circulation, average number of articles submitted and published, time from submission to decision, and time from decision to publication. All periodicals and book series indexed in the MLA International Bibliography are listed in the directory.
• Gale Literature Criticism Extensive compilation of literary commentary. Imagine centuries of analysis - the scholarly and popular commentary from broadsheets, pamphlets, encyclopedias, books and periodicals - delivered in format that matches the exact look and feel of the print originals. The net result is tens of thousands of hard-to-find essays at your fingertips. more... less... Coverage varies by title. This is not an active subscription. All available content has been previously purchased by University of Minnesota Twin Cities.
• Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations A free catalog of over 5 million electronic theses and dissertations published by an international group of around 175 institutions.
• Performing Arts Periodicals Database Search journals on a broad spectrum of the arts and entertainment industry - including dance, drama, theater, stagecraft, musical theater, circus performance, opera, pantomime, puppetry, magic, performance art, film, television and more. Formerly the International Index to Performing Arts.
• Periodicals Archive Online Major archive of historical volumes of scholarly journals in the arts, humanities and social sciences. Spans more than two centuries of content, 37 key subject areas, and multiple languages.
• Project Muse Search for full-text journals in literary theory, classics, history and cultural studies, philosophy, film, theater and performing arts, political science, and mathematics.
• University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy The University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy (UDC) is a venue for faculty to deposit open access copies of their scholarly work, a showcase for select student works, such as dissertations and honors theses, a home to the Data Repository for the University of Minnesota (DRUM), and centralized, searchable access to institutional digital records including those of the University of Minnesota Archives.
• UMN databases (by title)

Online Bibliographies

• Germanistik Organized by literary or language era, a quarterly bibliography of recent publications in German literature, Germanic languages, and related fields. Some entries include annotations.
• Weimarer Goethe-Bibliographie online From Herzogin Anna Amalia Bibliothek, an international bibliography for works from 1950 to present covering Goethe's life, works, and effect. Searching and browsing possible.
• Goedekes Grundriss zur Geschichte der deutschen Dichtung aus den Quellen (1884-1998) Bibliography of German literature from the Middle Ages to 1830. Includes commentary on periods. Compiled by Karl Goedeke. Availalble via HathiTrust.
• Lexikon deutscher Frauen der Feder : eine Zusammenstellung der seit dem Jahre 1840 erschienenen Werke weiblicher Autoren, nebst Biographieen der lebenden und einem Verzeichnis der Pseudonyme (1898 ed.) Bio-bibliography of German-speaking women authors. Available via HathiTrust
• More bibliographies and finding aids From the European Studies Section of the American Library Association.
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German Language and Literature: Digital Texts

• Articles, and Journals
• Rare Books, Manuscripts & Archives
• Dictionaries, Encyclopedias, Biographies
• Dissertations & Theses
• Digital Texts
• Newspapers and Magazines
• German cinema & film criticism

  Online Mediaeval and Classical Library .  A collection of literary works from classical and medieval times. Each text is accompanied by a brief introduction explaining when it first appeared, which language it was originally written in, who wrote it, and which edition the online text was prepared from. Around 40 texts are available. Some of the site's more notable texts include: Orlando Furioso; the works of Chretien de Troyes; a number of pieces by Geoffrey Chaucer; the Song of Roland; the Nibelungenlied; works by Tasso and Ariosto; the Lay of the Cid; and a number of Icelandic sagas in Old Norse. Books & essays for further reading are also recommended, along with details of other translations available.

Albert K. Wimmer Anthology of Medieval German Literature. An online collection of texts, compiled and edited by Professor Albert K Wimmer, with introductions to and commentaries of each text. Spanning the centuries between 750 and 1500, this anthology represents a valuable contribution to the field, updating and building upon its predecesor, 'An Anthology of German Literature 800-1750' by Peter Demetz and WTH Jackson.

The 16th century

CAMENA : Lateinische Texte der Frühen Neuzeit is a website hosted by the University of Mannheim, which makes available Latin poetry by 50 major German writers from the early modern period. It forms part of a larger resource entitled MATEO (see German literature online ).

The Newberry Library (Chicago) Center for Renaissance Studies

Princeton Renaissance Studies

Author-specific collections of German literature online

Bertolt Brecht A searchable online edition of Brecht's complete works, following the Große kommentierte Berliner und Frankfurter Ausgabe .

J. W. von Goethe This database consists primarily of the Weimar Edition of Goethe's works, originally published between 1887-1919 by Hermann Böhlau.

Heinrich Heine A major digitalization project of Heine's works and letters that combines the Düsseldorfer Heine-Ausgabe and the Heine-Säkularausgabe.

Franz Kafka A searchable edition of Kafka's prose works and diaries.

Nietzsche Online  Complete online access to the editions, interpretations and reference works on one of the most important philosophers. Users thus obtain access to a comprehensive database containing the research results of the last forty years. Apart from the authoritative editions of the works (KGW) and the letters (KGB), the database Nietzsche Online contains all De Gruyter publications on Nietzsche. Due to the cross-referencing to the full texts and the further interpretations, the headwords of the Nietzsche dictionary have become an even more indispensable basis for the research and understanding of Nietzsche's work.

Friedrich Nietzsche . Nietzsches Werke: Historisch-Kritische Ausgabe (Past Masters Database)

Friedrich Schiller This electronic edition of the Nationalausgabe of Schiller's works comprises all his writings, from his poetry, plays, translations, and minor prose works to his historical and philosophical writings, letters and conversations.

17th and 18th Centuries Digital Resources

• zvdd: Zentrales Verzeichnis Digitalisierter Drucke A central index of digitized German material from the 15th to the 21st century.
• VD18: Verzeichnis der im deutschen Sprachraum erschienenen Drucke des 18. Jahrhunderts VD18 is a retrospective national bibliography of German printed works from 1701-1800. It offers high-resolution digital scans and is frequently updated by libraries throughout Germany.
• Wolfenbütteler Digitale Bibliothek (WDB) Selected digital facsimile items from the Herzog August Bibliothek in Wolfenbüttel. Emphasized are those works which are rare, outstanding, frequently used, or currently most relevant for research. The site is continually updated with new additions.
• VD17:Verzeichnis der im deutschen Sprachraum erschienenen Drucke des 17. Jahrhunderts VD17 is a retrospective national bibliography of 17th century German printed material. The database is based on print holdings in many German libraries. Newly digitized items are listed in the database.
• Retrospektive Digitalisierung wissenschaftlicher Rezensionsorgane und Literaturzeitschriften des 18. und 19. Jahrhunderts aus dem deutschen Sprachraum Full text of journals and newspapers of the 18th & 19th centuries from German-speaking regions. This site is an outstanding resource for researchers in German History and German Studies - with tables of contents from the journals and selected scanned articles readily available. The site also has its own search engine to find authors & works. A second platform with full digital scans is also being developed by the same organization: http://ds.ub.uni-bielefeld.de/viewer/
• German Journals of the 18th Century Companion platform to the "Retrospektive Digitalisierung wissenschaftlicher Rezensionsorgane und Literaturzeitschriften des 18. und 19. Jahrhunderts." This site offers fully digitized scans and will eventually be merged with the larger collection above.
• DTA: Deutsches Textarchiv The goal of the DTA is to digitize a large cross-section of printed works in modern New High German, ranging from ca. 1600 to 1900. Images and electronic full-text are available online, the latter can be downloaded as HTML, XML or TCF. The DTA presents almost exclusively the first editions of the respective works. Currently (June 2014), there are 1300 texts dating from 1600–1900 online, and about 800 in preparation.
• GJZ18: Scholarly Journals in the Age of Enlightenment Still in progress, this site offers a systematic view of German scholarly review organs of the 18th century. Drawing on the results of the Systematisches Register zu deutschsprachigen Rezensionszeitschriften 1700-1784 the store of material to be made accessible comprises 128 periodicals and contains original contributions, reviews and scholarly news as well as all facets of critique.
• Zedler's Universal-lexikon Zedler's Grosses vollständiges Universal-Lexicon aller Wissenschaften und Künste was the greatest encyclopedia developed in 18th century Europe. It was the first encyclopaedia to include biographies of living people, and also the first to be worked on by editors who were specialists. The "Zedlersches Lexikon" comprises 64 volumes + 4 supplements, with about 750,000 articles on 62,571 pages.
• Textgrid Extensive collection of works up to the beginning of the 20th century. Especially strong in literature. Most texts are marked up in XML and TEI.

The 19th century

Dichterhandschriften des Poetischen Realismus is a so-called cyber-index of modern German poetry, which provides a comprehensive global archival research guide to the poetry, personal papers and prose written by German poets from the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries. Authors are listed in alphabetical order. Each has his or her own page, with links to different institutional collections that preserve their writings. The site is in German and published by Harold B. Lee Library of Brigham Young University, Utah.

19th century German stories (Web editions for language learning & literary study). Collection of 19th & some 18th century German stories, images, and teaching materials.

The 20th & 21st centuries

International Dada archive (University of Iowa). The Archive holds a comprehensive collection of textual documentation related to the Dada movement. Users may access the International Online Bibliography of Dada in order to search the Archive. On the site's Digital Dada Library, users may access scanned versions of original periodicals, books, leaflets & other ephemera related to the movement. Additional details on a number of individual Dadaists are also available: listed here are figures such as Tristan Tzara, Paul Éluard, Max Ernst, and Man Ray. Where possible, links are provided to digital versions of their works held in the Archive.

Literarisches Leben   Literary database & online resource for German language literature from Germany, Austria & Switzerland. The site gives a helpful annual historical chronicle of relevant social & cultural events in these countries from 1945 to 2000. A search engine will bring up publication & personal information on themes & authors according to relevant years. Users can also search for literary events within a particular time span. They can additionally run searches on winners of different literary prizes.

German Literary Expressionism Online . This database provides access to the contributions of 151 journals from the early 20th century in full text. 

General collections of German literature online

Bibliothek deutscher Klassiker Covers the works of major authors spanning eleven centuries and includes historical, philosophical, theological, political and art history texts. Collections of essays, speeches and other non-literary material add context and background material.

Deutsche Gedichte Online database of German poetry hosted by the Universität Freiburg. The site makes available hundreds of poems, all of which are in the public domain and users can browse them by author. Poets whose works are published on the site include: Theodor Fontane; Johann Wolfgang von Goethe; Heinrich Heine; Friedrich Hölderlin; Nikolaus Lenau; Christian Morgenstern; Eduard Mörike; Rainer Maria Rilke; Joachim Ringelnatz; Friedrich Rükert; Paul Scheerbart; Friedrich von Schiller; and Theodor Storm.

Die deutsche Lyrik An unparalleled publication of German poetry online. No other single collection covers the same volume of German poetry in electronic format; the collection starts with works from the 15th century and follows the development of German poetry up to the beginning of the 20th century.

German Emblem Book Ongoing project at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign aiming to digitize their internationally renowned collection of over 600 emblem books written from 1540-1800.

German Literature Collections Brings together six individual German literature resources into one searchable portal: Brecht's works , Goethe's works , Kafka's works , Schiller's works , Die Deutsche Lyrik , and Bibliothek deutscher Klassiker .

MDZ: Digital Library of the Bavarian State Library, Munich : Munich Digitization Center (MDZ) handles the digitization and online publication of the cultural heritage preserved by the Bavarian State Library and by other institutions. It provides one of the largest and fastest growing digital collections in Germany, now comprising more than 900,000 titles available online

Projekt Gutenberg-DE Thousands of texts by various German-speaking authors, from all genres and literary periods. Only writings whose copyright has expired, i.e. whose author has been dead for more than 70 years, are represented in this collection. Texts cannot be downloaded, they are only available for online perusal.

Sophie: A digital library of early German women's writing A growing digital library of fiction written by German women between 1740 and 1923.

Textgrid . Extensive collection of works up to the beginning of the 20th century. Especially strong in literature. Most texts are marked up in XML and TEI.

Vorleser.net  Audio presentations of a wide range of literature in German. Users can listen to full-texts or extracts read aloud, downloadable in mp3 format. There are around 500 works by over 150 authors available. Some texts are also available to read online. Some of the authors featured include: Theodor Fontane; Franz Kafka; Theodor Storm; Goethe; Heinrich Heine; and Rainer Maria Rilke. There are also short biographies of authors.

Zeno Searchable full-text portal for world literature by more than 700 authors from Antiquity to the 20th century. Many forgotten authors and out-of-print books.

• Digi20, digitized monographs from the Bavarian State Library Over 4000 digitized monographs, mostly social science and humanities titles, from the second half of the 20th century. In cooperation with several major German academic publishers.

Period-specific collections of German literature online

Bibliothek deutscher Klassiker This series has been in publication since 1981. It covers the works of major authors spanning 11 centuries and includes historical, philosophical, theological, political and art history texts. Collections of essays, speeches and other non-literary material add context and background material.

Lyrikline Internet platform on which contemporary poems can be read and listened to both in their original languages and various translations. At the moment lyrikline.org presents 690 poets, 6238 poems, 55 mother tongues and 7589 translations into 52 languages.

Manuscripta Mediaevalia: digitalisierte Handschriften Browsable manuscripts (page images) from the Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg and other German libraries.

MATEO : Mannheimer Texte online Digital versions of Early Modern primary sources held at the University of Mannheim (site not updated since 2008).

18 th Century German Literature Online Full-text online access to first editions and first published complete editions by more than 600 German-speaking authors of the 18th century.

Freiburger Anthologie (Lyrik der Klassik ) An online anthology of German poetry written during the "Classical period" (1720-1890). Goethe, H ölderlin and Schiller are some of the names represented particularly well in this collection.

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Selected Journals in German Literary Studies

• Amsterdamer Beiträge Zur Neueren Germanistik German and English language essays on topics in German literature and culture
• ANNO: Austrian Newspapers Online A digitization initiative of the Austrian National Library making available online historical Austrian (German language) newspapers and magazines
• Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur (recent issues) 1874 (vol. 1) through 1995 available at DigiZeitschriften
• DDR-Presse (Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin) Search through 40 years of East German history as printed in the pages of Neues Deutschland, Neue Zeit, and Berliner Zeitung. Registration required
• DigiZeitschriften Collection of German periodicals considered to be among the most important in the following areas of research: Anglistik, Buch- / Bibliothekswesen, Geowissenschaften, Germanistik, Geschichte, Kunst, Mathematik, Musikwissenschaft, Naturwissenschaften, Neuere Philologien, Rechtswissenschaften, Romanistik, Soziologie, and Wirtschaftswissenschaften
• Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek Provides access to many German-language journal titles in numerous subjects with various degrees of full-text access
• The German Quarterly Publishes articles in literary and cultural studies. Also included are book reviews and special reports and forums
• German Studies Review Scholarly journal of the German Studies Association, covering history, literature, culture studies, political science, and interdisciplinary topics
• GiNDok - Open Access für die Germanistik Searchable database to open access Germanistic research texts
• Glossen (onliine journal) Online peer-reviewed scholarly journal on literature, film, and art in German-speaking countries after 1945. Articles, poetry, and prose, written in either German or English
• IASLonline Online edition of the journal Das Internationale Archiv für Sozialgeschichte der deutschen Literatur (International Archive for the Social History of German Literature). Features both theoretical articles on German literature and detailed reviews of recently published books on the same topics
• JSTOR Provides full-text access for more than 1,450 scholarly journals in language and literature, history, and many other humanities and social sciences disciplines. Coverage is generally from 1900-2000, and there is a three- to five-year moving wall embargo for new content
• Liste deutschsprachiger Literaturzeitschriften Wikipedia listing
• Monatshefte Published by the University of Wisconsin Press, this is the oldest continuing journal of German Studies in the U.S. Available online
• New German Critique Covers 20th century political and social theory, philosophy, literature, film, media and art
• Perspicuitas: Internet-Periodikum fuer mediaevistische Sprach- , Literatur- , und Kulturwissenschaft German-language collection of articles, bibliographies, reviews, project announcements, and other scholarly material dealing with medieval German language, literature, and culture. Although it calls itself a "Periodikum", it has neither numbered issues nor a regular schedule: instead, new material that has passed the scrutiny of its editorial board is simply posted when ready
• Rethinking ‘Minor Literatures – Contemporary Jewish Women’s Writing in Germany and Austria A feature of Modern Languages Open this collection "seeks to unmoor German-language Jewish writing from the narrowly defined context of national literatures in which it is often discussed, in an attempt to open it up to considerations around transnational and world literatures"
• Seminar A journal of Germanic studies
• text + kritik Devoted to 20th-century literature, film and music in Germany, Austria, and other German-speaking regions of Europe. Each issue is focused on a different theme or one specific German-language writer
• Transit: A Journal of Travel, Migration and Multiculturalism in the German-speaking World A web-based, refereed, multimedia production originating from the Department of German at the University of California, Berkeley, Transit features articles in all disciplines investigating cultural production, including literature, history, theater, linguistics, social sciences, anthropology, political science, geography, cultural studies, art history, philosophy, religious studies, visual culture, and film studies and the arts
• Viceversa Literatur. Jahrbuch der Schweizer Literaturen Yearbook of Swiss literature includes essays and author profiles. As of 2015, not easily discoverable via article databases; click here for contents of issues
• Zeitschrift für Interkulturelle Germanistik Recognizing that interculturalism as a leading and innovative category of research both in national and international German language and literature studies, this publication provides a scientific forum to discuss research activities in this field
• Zeitschriften der deutschen Aufklärung Full-text access to German journals from the Age of Enlightenment (18th-19th centuries), a digitization project of Georg Olms Verlag and the University of Bielefeld

Graduate Student Journals in German Studies

• Edge University of Massachusetts Amherst
• Focus on German Studies University of Cincinnati
• New German Review UCLA
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The research portal HoWeR is the central research tool of the library. With a few exceptions, you can find all printed and electronic resources available at HWR Berlin. By integrating different databases also found journal articles, videos, patents and trade publications.

In Simple Search , you can use the search box to search for specific titles, author names, or keywords and keywords. After the search, the result list can be further limited and specified via the facets on the left margin.

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To include all grammatical forms of a search term, you can use truncation to reduce the term to its parent. In the search, the * is interpreted as none, one or more letters, so you can find all forms of the search term.

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The HWR Berlin offers a variety of different databases. In addition, there are also numerous freely available offers. See the list of online databases for an overview with access information. Via DBIS (Database Information System) you can see offers from other libraries and database , which were acquired with the support of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) and its partner institutions.

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Newspapers and magazines

Magazines at HWR Berlin are available to you either in printed or digital form. All journals in the library are listed in the HoWeR research portal. Please pay attention to the available publication period. You can find access to digital content directly in the HoWeR entry; just follow the link provided. Printed magazines cannot be borrowed. Use our copying or scanning options. At Schöneberg campus you will find a selection of German and international daily press in printed form, which will be kept for a maximum of one week after publication.

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Printed theses with a release date from 2009 can be submitted via HoWeR with the Input "Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Recht" AND Hochschulschrift AND keyword from the Title to be searched. Final papers of the FB1 in electronic form can be found on our Publication server OPUS.

The Representative for women‘s affairs and gender equality Office collects gender-specific theses by graduates of HWR Berlin at Schöneberg campus in Room 2.57, Badensche Straße 52. A current list with the collection of works from 1997:

• Gender library: collection of gender-specific theses

Here you will find a selection of services for specialist research in criminology, international and interdisciplinary legal research, Political Science, Sociology and Economics. Some of the services may be chargeable.

• Research Service Criminology
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• Research Portal Economics
• Portal of German National Library The portal of the German National Library offers a comfortable online search for the majority of publications from or about Germany - including dissertations - in the catalog of the German National Library. In addition, there are widespread regulations, the database of the German national bibliography, the German exile archive and many more.  
• Resources for Economists on the Internet Project of the American Economic Association, author Bill Goffe  
• German Central Library for Economics Leibniz Information Centre for Economics  
• Bundesamt für Justiz  - Gesetze im Internet (only in german) In this joint project of the Federal Ministry of Justice and the juris GmbH nearly the entire current federal law is provided free of charge in full text

The following selection represents only the most important libraries with business administration literature outside of the HWR Berlin. Please note that in the semester break changed opening hours usually apply. Please ask for these at the given telephone number or inform yourself on the specified website of the institution.

Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund Berlin-Brandenburg Zuse Institute Berlin Takustraße 7, 14195 Berlin https://www.kobv.de/

Freie Universität Berlin Universitätsbibliothek Garystr. 39, 14195 Berlin Tel.: 030-8385-1111 www.ub.fu-berlin.de

Freie Universität Berlin Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Bibliothek, Fachbereich Volks- und Betriebswirtschaftslehre Garystr. 21, 14195 Berlin Tel.: 030-8385-2117 www.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de

Freie Universität Berlin Otto-Suhr-Institut für Politikwissenschaft Garystr. 55, 14195 Berlin Tel.: 030- 8385-5559 (Auskunft) www.polsoz.fu-berlin.de

Technische Universität Berlin Universitätsbibliothek im Volkswagen-Haus Fasanenstr. 88, 10623 Berlin Tel.: 030-314-76101 (Informationscenter) www.ub.tu-berlin.de

Technische Universität Berlin Fachbibliothek Wirtschaft, Recht und Statistik WiWiDok Straße des 1 Juni 135, 10623 Berlin Tel.: 030-314 22601 www.ub.tu-berlin.de

Jacob-und-Wilhelm-Grimm-Zentrum Universitätsbibliothek der Humboldt-Universität Geschwister-Scholl-Straße 1-3, 10117 Berlin Tel.: 030 - 2093-3212 (Wirtschaftswissenschaften integriert) www.ub.hu-berlin.de

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Foreign states targeting sensitive research at UK universities, MI5 warns

Ministers considering more funding to protect important research sites, with China seen as a particular concern

MI5 has warned universities that hostile foreign states are targeting sensitive research, as ministers consider measures to bolster protections.

Vice-chancellors from 24 leading institutions, including Oxford, Cambridge and Imperial College London , were briefed on the threat by the domestic security service’s director general, Ken McCallum, and National Cybersecurity Centre (NCSC) chief, Felicity Oswald.

In addition, the UK government is looking at increased funding to improve security at sensitive sites. Oliver Dowden, the deputy prime minister, announced plans for a consultation on a package of measures that could include looking at key university personnel being given security clearance and a strengthened process to improve the transparency of funding, particularly with foreign institutions.

The measures will be focused on a small proportion of academic work, with a particular focus on research with potential dual uses in civilian and military life.

McCallum told the vice-chancellors that hostile states are targeting universities to steal technology that can “deliver their authoritarian, military and commercial priorities”, the Times reported.

The government ordered a review of protections for higher education in its refreshed foreign and security policy last year amid concerns that hostile states – and particularly China – were gaining undue influence over the sector.

Dowden has previously warned that some universities’ reliance on overseas funding could leave them open to being “influenced, exploited, or even coerced” by a foreign power.

After the security briefing, Dowden said: “For a millennium, our universities have thrived on being open – open to ideas, open to innovation, open to being independent of government.

“This is not about erecting fences, this is about balancing evolving threats and protecting the integrity and security of our great institutions.”

The consultation will explore proposals to protect cutting-edge technology under development in sensitive sectors that are being targeted by states intent on stealing intellectual property to enhance their own economic and military capabilities.

The NCSC and the National Protective Security Authority have also launched a tool to help universities assess their research security.

Michelle Donelan, the science and technology secretary, said: “I believe that universities are on the frontlines of a battle for information.

“Maintaining the UK’s world-leading reputation as an academic superpower relies on having strong safeguards to protect research from those who wish to do us harm.”

Tim Bradshaw, chief executive of the Russell Group of leading research universities, said: “Russell Group universities take their national security responsibilities incredibly seriously and already work closely with government and the intelligence community to help protect UK breakthroughs in fields like AI, which are important to our national interest.

“But we also recognise security is a dynamic and evolving challenge which means we need the right expertise and intelligence to keep pace with this.”

Universities UK chief executive Vivienne Stern said: “For several years, Universities UK has worked with government to ensure that universities are supported and equipped to recognise and mitigate risks to national security.

“This is important and necessary, and we welcome the government’s approach to working hand in hand with us to get the mechanisms right.”

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Most viewed.

A longevity researcher is facing backlash for claiming to 'reverse aging.' Scientists say there's no consensus on what it means.

• Harvard researcher Dr. David Sinclair is facing backlash in the longevity community.
• Critics argue that he took claims about "reverse aging" too far, The Wall Street Journal  reported .
• Longevity medicine is attracting billions in investment from the world's wealthiest execs.

Harvard researcher Dr. David Sinclair has found himself at the center of controversy within the longevity community. 

Sinclair has been a poster child of the longevity movement for years. He's built several biotechnology companies focused on reversing the effects of aging, won acclaim for his research , and cultivated a loyal base of fans who swear by his lifestyle tips .

He's also earned his share of critics who say his research isn't always backed up by sufficient evidence. But over the past months, The Wall Street Journal reported that Sinclair has been battling a new level of backlash from colleagues and researchers who say his claims on curing aging have gone too far.

A matter of semantics?

The controversy began on February 29, when Sinclair's dog-supplement company, Animal Biosciences, issued a press release.

"I am very proud of the teams at NCSU and Animal Biosciences, who, after years of collaborative research and a clinical trial, have developed the first supplement proven to reverse aging in dogs," Sinclair said in the release, according to Newsweek .

Sinclair contends that he was misquoted. "The actual quote that I had approved was 'proven to reverse the effects of aging in dogs,'" he told the Journal, adding, "I felt this was a reasonable statement." 

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Scientists rushed to contest the claim. "The data is not good, you're calling it the wrong thing, and then you're selling it," Dr. Nir Barzilai told the Journal. "The selling is a step too far." Dozens of scientists resigned from The Academy for Health and Lifespan Research — a nonprofit organization of longevity researchers that Sinclair cofounded and headed as president. 

Dr. Matt Kaeberlein — a biologist who was among the throng of resignees — described Sinclair on X as the definition of a "snake oil salesman." 

After careful consideration, I have renounced my membership in the Academy for Health and Lifespan Research ( @ahlresearch ). I find it deeply distressing that we’ve gotten to a point where dishonesty in science is normalized to an extent that nobody is shocked when a tenured… — Matt Kaeberlein (@mkaeberlein) March 3, 2024

Sinclair resigned from the Academy in March, the Journal reported based on an email circulated by the Academy. Barzilai has since taken over as president.

Dr. Sinclair did not respond to a request for comment from Business Insider.

Animal Biosciences reissued a press release walking back the "reverse aging" claim. But scientists in the field say the issue is even more fundamental: There's no way to reverse aging, much less measure it.

The concept of biological age — the true age that our cells, tissues, and organ systems appear to be, based on biochemistry, according to the National Institute on Aging — is gaining traction in longevity circles. Yet, it's still a fuzzy and controversial concept because there's no standard for normal aging . The way we age varies a lot from person to person. 

Experts working to standardize longevity medicine say it could take years before it'll be recognized as an official field like cardiology or neurology, according to the MIT Technology Review . "This is a new field," Andrea Maier of the National University of Singapore and cofounder of the private "high-end" Chi Longevity clinic told MIT Technology Review. "We have to organize ourselves; we have to set standards."

Still, billions of dollars are being funneled into research. Longevity startups drew a global investment of more than $5.2 billion in 2022, according to PitchBook. And those backed by the world's wealthiest executives like Jeff Bezos and Peter Thiel are dedicated to studying cellular aging — and its cures. That means debates about the semantics of aging will only become more relevant to our daily lives.  

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