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Rudd Adoption Research Program

Theses and dissertations on adoption.

Christian, C.L. (1995). Birthmother role adjustment in fully-disclosed, mediated and confidential adoptions. Unpublished masters thesis, University of Texas at Austin.

Fravel, D.L. (1995). Boundary ambiguity perceptions of adoptive parents experiencing various levels of openness in adoption. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Minnesota.

Ross, N. M. (1995). Adoptive family processes that predict adopted child behavior and self-esteem. Unpublished master's thesis, University of Minnesota.

ten Broeke Balke, T. W. (1996). The percceptions of the role of birthfathers in adoption: A New Zealand perspective. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Minnesota.

Gusukuma, I. (1997). Intercountry adoption: The experiences and adjustments of families adopting children from Latin America, China, and the United States. Unpublished doctoral dissertation: University of Texas at Austin.

Kohler, J.K. (1999). Adopted adolescents' preoccupation with adoption: The impact on adoptive family dynamics. Unpublished master's thesis, University of Minnesota.

Christian, C. L. (2000). Grief resolution of birthmothers: The impact of role development and varying degrees of openness. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Texas at Austin.

Esau, A. L. (2000). Family contexts of birthmother identity and intimacy development. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Minnesota.

van Dulmen, M. H. M. (2001). The family as context for the development of close peer relationships among adopted adolescents. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Minnesota.

Dunbar, N. (2003). Typologies of adolescent adoptive identity: The influence of family context and relationships. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Minnesota.

Von Korff, L. (2004). Openness arrangements and psychological adjustment in adolescent adoptees. Unpublished masters thesis, University of Minnesota.

Wolfgram, S. M. (2005). Predicting contact over time between adoptive parents and birthmothers in the open adoptive kinship network. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Minnesota.

Perry, Y.V. (2006). "Comparing:" A Grounded theory of adoptive mothers' lay beliefs about genetics. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Minnesota.

Newell, J.E. (2008). Openness to experience: Links to communicative and structural openness in adoptive kinship networks. Unpublished masters thesis, University of Minnesota.

Von Korff, L. (2008). Pathways to narrative adoptive identity formation in adolescence and emerging adulthood. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Minnesota.

Skinner-Drawz, B. (2009). Adoptee information seeking: Changes between adolescence and emerging adulthood and the impact of adoption communicative openness. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Minnesota.

Musante, D. (2010).  Family predictors of negative instability in adopted emerging adults. Unpublished masters thesis, University of Massachusetts Amherst.

Grant-Marsney, H. (2011). Adolescents’ attachment to adoptive parents: Predicting attachment styles in emerging adulthood. Unpublished masters thesis, University of Massachusetts Amherst.

Garber, K. (2013). “YOU were Adopted?!”: An Exploratory Analysis of Microaggressions Experienced By Adolescent Adopted Individuals. Unpublished masters thesis, University of Massachusetts Amherst.

Musante, D. (2014). Individuation as an adolescent developmental task: Associations with adoptee adjustment. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Massachusetts Amherst.

Grant-Marsney, H. (2014). Emotion in adoption narratives: Links to close relationships in emerging adulthood. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Massachusetts Amherst.

Lo, A. Y. H. (2017). Adoptive parenting cognitions, compatibility, and attachment among domestically adoptive families. Unpublished masters thesis, University of Massachusetts Amherst.

Cashen, K. K. (2017). Understanding relational competence in emerging adult adoptees: A new way to conceptualize competence in close relationships. Unpublished masters thesis, University of Massachusetts Amherst.

Altamari, D. K. (2018). Associations between peer attachment and positive adoption affect throughout adolescence and emerging adulthood. Unpublished honors thesis, University of Massachusetts Amherst.

Carlson, K. K. (2021). Use of mental health services and internalizing symptoms in domestic adoptees. Unpublished honors thesis, University of Massachusetts Amherst.

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Understanding adoption: A developmental approach

As children grow up, they develop a positive sense of their identity, a sense of psychosocial well-being ( 1 ). They gradually develop a self-concept (how they see themselves) and self-esteem (how much they like what they see) ( 2 ). Ultimately, they learn to be comfortable with themselves. Adoption may make normal childhood issues of attachment, loss and self-image ( 2 ) even more complex. Adopted children must come to terms with and integrate both their birth and adoptive families.

Children who were adopted as infants are affected by the adoption throughout their lives. Children adopted later in life come to understand adoption during a different developmental stage. Those who have experienced trauma or neglect may remember such experiences, which further complicates their self-image ( 1 ). Transracial, crosscultural and special needs issues may also affect a child’s adoption experience ( 2 , 3 ). All adopted children grieve the loss of their biological family, their heritage and their culture to some extent ( 4 ). Adoptive parents can facilitate and assist this natural grieving process by being comfortable with using adoption language (eg, birth parents and birth family) and discussing adoption issues ( 5 ).

The present statement reviews how children gain an understanding of adoption as they grow from infancy through adolescence. Specific issues relevant to transracial adoptions are beyond the scope of this statement and will not be addressed.

INFANCY AND EARLY CHILDHOOD

During infancy and early childhood, a child attaches to and bonds with the primary care-giver. Prenatal issues, such as the length of gestation, the mother’s use of drugs or alcohol, and genetic vulnerabilities, may, ultimately, affect a child’s ability to adjust. The temperament of everyone involved also plays a role.

As a child approaches preschool age, he or she develops magical thinking, that is, the world of fantasy is used to explain that which he or she cannot comprehend. The child does not understand reproduction, and must first understand that he or she had a birth mother and was born the same way as other children ( 2 , 5 ). Even though a child as young as three years of age may repeat his or her adoption story, the child does not comprehend it ( 3 , 5 ). The child must first grasp the concept of time and space, which usually occurs at age four to five years, to see that some events occurred in the past, even though he or she does not remember them. The child must understand that places and people exist outside of his or her immediate environment.

Telling a child his or her adoption story at this early age may help parents to become comfortable with the language of adoption and the child’s birth story. Children need to know that they were adopted. Parents’ openness and degree of comfort create an environment that is conducive to a child asking questions about his or her adoption ( 3 ).

SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN

Operational thinking, causality and logical planning begin to emerge in the school-aged child. The child is trying to understand and to master the world in which he or she lives. The child is a problem solver. He or she realizes that most other children are living with at least one other biological relative ( 6 ). It is the first time that the child sees himself or herself as being different from other children. The child may struggle with the meaning of being adopted, and may experience feelings of loss and sadness ( 1 , 7 ). He or she begins to see the flip side of the adoption story and may wonder what was wrong with him or her; why did the birth mother place him or her up for adoption? The child may feel abandoned and angry ( 1 , 2 ). It is normal to see aggression, angry behaviour, withdrawal or sadness and self-image problems ( 1 , 8 ) among adopted children at this age. The child attempts to reformulate the parts of his or her story that are hard to understand and to compensate for emotions that are painful ( 2 ). As a result, daydreaming is very common among adopted children who are working through complex identity issues ( 5 , 7 ).

Control may be an issue. A child may believe that he or she has had no control over losing one family and being placed with another. The child may need to have reassurance about day to day activities or may require repeated explanations about simple changes in the family’s routine ( 5 ). Transitions may be particularly difficult. The child may have an outright fear of abandonment, difficulty falling asleep and, even, kidnapping nightmares ( 1 ).

It is helpful to explain that the birth mother made a loving choice by placing the child up for adoption, that she had a plan for his or her future. The child may need to hear this statement repeatedly. There is some similarity between the symptoms of grief and symptoms associated with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder; care givers must be wary not to label a child with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder when, in fact, the child’s behaviour is consistent with a normal grieving process ( 9 ). A parent’s patience and understanding are crucial at this point of an adopted child’s life. Parents may be pro-active by educating school personnel about the natural grieving issues related to adoption that their child is experiencing.

ADOLESCENCE

The adolescent’s primary developmental task is to establish an identity while actively seeking independence and separation from family ( 2 ). The adopted adolescent needs to make sense of both sets of parents, and this may cause a sense of divided loyalties and conflict ( 7 ). In early adolescence, the loss of childhood itself is a significant issue. The adopted adolescent has already experienced loss, making the transition to adolescence even more complicated ( 1 , 7 ). This period of development may be difficult and confusing. Adolescents may experience shame and loss of self-esteem, particularly because society’s image of birth parents is often negative ( 2 ).

Adopted adolescents will want to know details about their genetic history and how they are unique. They will reflect on themselves and their adoptive family to determine similarities and differences. They will attempt to ascertain where they belong and where they came from ( 7 ). All adolescents may have a natural reticence about talking to their parents, and adopted adolescents may not share questions about their origins with their parents. They may keep their reflections to themselves. Adopted adolescents’ search for information about themselves is very normal, and parents should not see this as a threat. Instead, parents’ willingness to accept their child’s dual heritage of biology and environment will help their child to accept that reality ( 7 ).

CONCLUSIONS

Children’s interest in adoption varies throughout the developmental stages of childhood and adolescence. As children progress from one stage to another, they gain new cognitive abilities and psychosocial structures. They look at adoption differently and, often, have more concerns or questions. Their questions may diminish until a new cognitive and psychosocial level is reached. Parents can facilitate this developmental process by being knowledgeable and supportive, and by continuing to retell their child his or her adoption story. The grief that their child experiences is real and should not be denied or avoided. Support from knowledgeable health care providers is invaluable in helping adoptive parents and their child. Although this statement has addressed common issues that relate to a child’s perception of adoption, a psychological or psychiatric referral is indicated if the child suffers from depression, or has symptoms that affect his or her day-to-day functioning. Paediatricians and other professionals who care for children should provide anticipatory guidance by counselling parents of adopted children about relevant issues that concern their child’s understanding of his or her adoption.

Good, common sense resources are available to parents. Lois Melina’s Making Sense of Adoption: A Parent’s Guide ( 5 ) is an excellent, practical source of adoption information for parents. Joyce Maguire Pavao’s The Family of Adoption ( 7 ) looks at the entire family’s adoption experience throughout the family life cycle. Also, “Talking to children about their adoption: When to start, what to say, what to expect”, is a brief, yet informative, article for parents that was published in the Adopted Child newsletter ( 6 ).

COMMUNITY PAEDIATRICS COMMITTEE

Members: Drs Cecilia Baxter, Edmonton, Alberta; Fabian P Gorodzinsky, London, Ontario; Denis Leduc, Montréal, Québec (chair); Paul Munk, Toronto, Ontario (director responsible); Peter Noonan, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island; Sandra Woods, Val-d’Or, Québec;

Consultant: Dr Linda Spigelblatt, Montréal, Québec

Liaison: Dr Joseph Telch, Unionville, Ontario (Canadian Paediatric Society, Community Paediatrics Section)

Principal author : Dr Cecilia Baxter, Edmonton, Alberta

The recommendations in this statement do not indicate an exclusive course of treatment or procedure to be followed. Variations, taking into account individual circumstances, may be appropriate.

Adoption: An Essay

What is it like to suddenly be contacted by the birth parents you've never met.

Posted October 27, 2011 | Reviewed by Davia Sills

GUEST CONTRIBUTOR

Adopting an Identity

It's a day just like any other in my freshman year, and my mom tells me my dad cried over the contents of the envelope she just handed to me. I have a hard time believing her, because I've never seen my dad cry and because dads, by the laws of nature, aren't supposed to cry. But the envelope concerns me, and it concerned my dad enough to cry about it.

Pretty soon, I'm crying, and my mom's crying. Our faces are like shiny red beets while tears fall into our open mouths as we try and fail to talk to each other through the tears. We only manage blubbering, guttural noises.

Inside the envelope are letters and pictures. My mom says they're from my biological parents, and that idea doesn't process, because the handwritten letter from my bio-father looks so much like my mom's handwriting that I think she's playing some sort of trick on me. She's not.

I flip through pictures of Chimene and Richard, these accidental lovers, and of the two half-siblings I never knew about. It's surreal; I feel only half awake as I flip among the pictures and wonder who these people are and wonder who I am because of these letters.

I felt out of place in my family. I would see families stockpiled with love. But love felt awkward since I didn't know how to give it, because I didn't, and in some ways still don't, appreciate everything my family does for me.

And I didn't see myself in my parents. They didn't read; they didn't like the kind of movies I like; they didn't share my atheism, my cynicism , or any personality quirks. I didn't understand the concept of all this familial love, because I wasn't sure how to love my parents when I felt disconnected from them.

My mom lingers. I think she feels as though she's obligated to help me along this emotional journey because she's my mom, and that's her job. All I can think about is how similar this is to the moment in the second grade when I was told I was adopted. I laid on the king-sized bed in my parents' room, talking about my day, wide-eyed at the fact that a girl in my grade was adopted. And then my mom told me that the girl and I had similar life stories.

My mom claimed she told me when I was young, but I didn't remember. At 8, I was told I was unique in a way I didn't want to be. We sat in silence for a while, and I wanted nothing more than to go away and cry. So I excused myself and got a Pepsi from the fridge. My mom accompanied me, and I can't remember feeling more sad, embarrassed, and angry in my entire childhood at the fact that she wouldn't leave me alone.

My biological mother uses an abundance of "teehees" in her structurally strange, typed letter because apparently she's funny, and laughter can't be captured on paper. I can't connect with her "teehees." I can't see any humor in the impersonal black ink. I can't connect with a person whose letter is like a resume, a list of altruistic hobbies and likable characteristics. Yet, I look at this paper and see myself in her love of books, her terrible humor. And I feel almost a sense of... relief.

I can't relate to my parents. And now I'm reading about this woman, seemingly so foreign, this woman who's training for the Iraq war and likes to plant, whose first love is God followed by her husband John, this woman who's half like me. Only half, but that's half more than I can say for my parents.

I sift through her computer-paper memories printed in the dull-colored ink. Then I move on to Richard. I already like him. He gave me actual pictures, glossy, without fingerprint smudges, true and genuine, just like his handwritten letter that tells me he took time and effort in this compilation.

I almost feel like an intruder looking at his best friends, his brother, his beard that makes him look like The Dude from The Big Lebowski . Richard begins by feeling obligated to tell me that I wasn't a mistake, that there was a good reason why I was brought up by a different family, blah blah. I don't need comfort from a man I don't know.

But I do know him. It's terrifying to the point where my hands begin to shake.

I know him because I'm the carbon copy of him, from his cheekbones to his aspirations. Our canines are identical, our eyes mirrors, our dimples cousins, our smiles duplicates. As I read the letter, I grow more and more dumbfounded. I want to major in film, and I think NYU is just about the most amazing school there is. So when I read that he majored in film production at NYU, I'm literally scared.

The similarities don't stop there. We're both adopted, we both love movies to no end, we like math, we prefer Judaism to other religions, we're both this, and we're both that. This letter is staring me in the face, telling me that I'm not random, that it's OK to not be like my family because I'm not exactly a part of them.

It's natural to want to believe that humans are independent. We all like to think we have freedom, that we're not controlled by anyone or anything. But science suggests that we are biased creatures with predispositions originating from either our genes or our environments. The nature versus nurture debate has been going since the dawn of psychology. Some say that we are a product of our environments; how we grow up and the conditions we grow up in help determine who we are today. For instance, someone can be a bitter adult due to a poor upbringing or a selfish adult because of a spoiled childhood.

The opposing view of this is that we have genetic predispositions that shape who we are. It's in our genes to like or dislike something; we're already programmed to be a certain way. Scientists have looked into this study by observing twins who have grown up in different environments. Theoretically, if nature wins out, they should be very similar people; however, if nurture is the dominant factor, they would be completely different people.

Homelife, culture, and peers definitely play a role in the makeup of a person. But then there are people like Oskar Stohr and Jack Yufe, identical twins reared apart. One was raised as a Catholic and a Nazi while the other was raised in the Caribbean as a Jew. They both liked sweet liqueur and spicy food, tended to fall asleep while watching television, flushed the toilet before using it, kept rubber bands on their wrists, and had quick tempers. When they met, they were both wearing blue, double-breasted shirts, mustaches, and wire-rimmed glasses.

And this might seem like a freakish coincidence, but it's not an anomaly. Among other examples, there are also the two Jims; twins reared apart named Jim who had sons named James, first wives named Linda and second wives named Betty, dogs named Toy, vasectomies, a woodworking hobby, fondness for Miller Lite, chain- smoking habit, and more similarities they shared.

It seems that nature wins this debate. But I didn't need studies to tell me that. I learned it in a letter.

I don't resent my parents because I'm not able to relate to them. What used to bother me was my brother. It's clear to see that Gerald Singleton King, Jr. is my father's son. They have matching hot-heads and hairlines and a knack for business. My brother borrowed my dad's eyes and my grandpa's height to become who he is. And when you turn to my mom, you can see how G.J. has her social skill and empathetic demeanor.

Then there is me. The shortest person in my entire extended family, the only blue-eyed girl, the sort of person to read Infinite Jest for fun while everyone else has a magazine in their hands. My entire family always told me I was an artist, but I'm pretty sure that's because they didn't know what else to call me.

I always wanted to do something different, and I'm not sure if that's because I was already labeled as different or because I genuinely wanted to. But then my brother went to Brown University and then to Stanford. I had no room to do something awesome because my brother was better; my brother was biological.

It took me a while to stop comparing myself to G.J. I stepped back and remembered: Yeah, I'm different. We don't share the same biological source, so how can my brain cells compare to his?

And I have to remember. It doesn't happen often, but I have to remember that my parents aren't useless. I know I take them for granted; every suburban teenager does.

If they didn't raise me Christian, I wouldn't have found my voice through atheism. If they didn't provide for me well, I wouldn't feel the need to provide well for others. If they didn't teach me the laws of the world, I wouldn't know how to rebel against them. While I found solace in the letters, I had to remember—have to remember—that my ability to relate to strangers doesn't compromise the fact that my parents are, and always will be, superior because they raised me.

Richard is rather poignant. All bio-fathers should be as cool as Richard. No one has ever told me that I'm special the way Richard is telling me I'm special. He writes, "Your existence in this world means a lot to me. It's difficult to put into exactly the right words, but it's kind of like... When you were born, it validated my existence. No matter what I did or did not accomplish from that point forward, there would always be you."

I think I needed Richard's letter more than Chimene's letter. Maybe that's because I was able to relate to him so well, and I needed a father figure to relate to. My dad always had my brother; they bonded over sports and muscle. And I had my mom, which was fine.

But I think I rejected my dad a lot, not only because he was sports-crazed, and I wasn't, but also because I only ever remember the bad things about him. Like the time he threw mashed potatoes in my hair at Thanksgiving. Or whenever he would yell something rude at me, then adopt a gentlemanly Southern accent for his customers on the phone. Or when I called 911 when he collapsed unconscious on the stairs and never received a thank you.

I'm not saying I needed a father figure or that Richard would fulfill that gap I (perhaps) have in my psyche left over from an unrequited relationship that was never really formed. The bottom line is, it's nice to hear that I'm special.

My mom told me she's scared that when I'm upset, I lock myself in my room and look at the battered envelope and dream of a life with a family that would accept me. I don't. I hadn't even touched the envelope for a second time until last week, trying to write this paper and remember why my bio-parents are still important to me.

I wanted to meet them when I was younger. I wanted to live a different life when Hinsdale was too small or too dull for me. I dreamed of the day I would turn 18 and find them wherever they were lurking. It frightened me to think that there were people walking and talking and living out there who came together under erroneous circumstances of which I was a product.

I struggled with the idea that I had two sets of parents, four sets of grandparents, double order of everything, and I'd never get the chance to know half of them. It didn't seem fair that there were two people whose blood I shared living normal lives without me. I never grasped the phrase "blood is thicker than water," because I didn't know whose blood ran in my veins.

I understand my mom's fear that I might get along with my bio-parents if I met them and abandon her to have a hunky-dory relationship. But I think my mom's fear is irrational. She's my mom. It's not as though I'd go running off with some woman I didn't know only because she gave birth to me.

My biological mother wasn't the person I talked to every day after school about my day. She wasn't the person that drove me to all the soccer games I never even played in. She wasn't the person who bought my Christmas presents, who wasn't afraid to touch me when I got the flu because I was stubborn and didn't want a flu shot, who searched online for weeks to find a replacement for my striped Ralph Lauren comforter that I ripped unintentionally while taking a nap. Chimene had nothing to do with my life, nor did she have the right to, because she had never been a part of my life.

I don't know whether or not I want to meet them now. I'm not sure I could stand the humility. "Oh, hi, my name is Maz, and I think I'm your daughter." Yeah, I'm sure Hollywood has already covered that conversation.

And I feel as though I'd be an inconvenience. Out of nowhere, a daughter of sorts comes into their lives. I know they basically plopped right down into my life with that envelope, but I needed to know who they were; I needed just a little bit of information about them in order to accept myself and the differences between my family and me.

If we reversed the scenario, if I contact them, I would feel obligated to keep talking to them, or else it would be too awkward to have a potentially life-changing encounter, only for communication to fizzle out after one or two meetings. And I'm sure that's a hassle, for both them and me, as well as my parents. I don't think my mom could handle it; all her fears would come creeping back, and horrid little ideas would form in her mind in my absence.

But, most importantly, I don't see the point in getting to know my bio-parents anymore. When I was little, I nearly begged for a different life. And now I'm off to college in a semester—I'm forced to have a different life. I don't feel that longing anymore, the sort of longing that requires endless amounts of hoping and pining for something not quite in your reach.

Because the thing is, I'm sure my bio-parents are wonderful people. They sound like wonderful people. But I don't need or want their approval. I don't need or want a relationship with them. I know they exist. And that's enough for now.

Paul C. Holinger, M.D., M.P.H. , a psychiatrist and psychoanalyst, is a professor of psychiatry at Rush University Medical Center and author of What Babies Say Before They Can Talk .

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Blog > Essay Advice , Personal Statement > 3 Ways to Approach College Essays About Adoption

3 Ways to Approach College Essays About Adoption

Admissions officer reviewed by Ben Bousquet, M.Ed Former Vanderbilt University

Written by Ben Bousquet, M.Ed Former Vanderbilt University Admissions

Key Takeaway

If you’re adopted, you might be wondering whether you can write your college essay about your experiences as an adoptee.

The answer is simple: absolutely! College essays about adoption aren’t overly common. And because the topic tends to be such a personal one, you don’t have to worry too much about being cliche or general. Reflecting meaningfully on your own experiences is enough.

In this post, we’ll go over three strategies for writing your college essay about adoption, and we’ll talk about two mistakes to avoid.

The first way to approach your college essay about adoption is to focus on the theme of identity. In general, topics related to identity tend to lead to outstanding college essays because they’re inherently personal and vulnerable—two foundational traits of a personal statement . Adoption essays are no different.

When writing about adoption and identity, applicants tend to focus on their identity prior to and after being adopted. For some, a personal statement might detail the journey of reconciling their identity at birth with their identity in their adopted family. For others, it might center on an identity they’ve held all along.

Whatever your story is, you can be authentic in how you present your journey with your identity.

Biology or Psychology

You could also take a more academic approach to your personal statement by exploring your adoption through a biological or psychological framework. This approach may work especially well if you want to go into either field.

Exploring your adoption through a biological or psychological lens might look like an investigation into your own experience of nature versus nurture. Where do you see similarities between you and your adoptive family? Do you have any traits you think are genetic?

With this approach, you can show a keen academic interest in a subject while also exploring your own background and identity.

If you were adopted into a family whose culture differs from that of your birth family, then you might choose to write about your identity through the lens of culture.

The majority of applicants who take this approach write about their journey reconnecting with their birth culture. Others write about what it was like to adapt to a new culture when they were adopted. And others yet discuss the feeling of being in between cultures.

No matter what your own experience has been, you can write a strong essay by reflecting on how your cultures have shaped who you are today.

Two Mistakes to Avoid

While you don’t have to think too much about avoiding cliches, there are two common mistakes to be on the lookout for as you’re writing and revising your personal statement.

Focusing too much on negative or difficult emotions

Adoption can be a challenging subject to write about under any circumstances. In a college essay, it can be especially difficult because the stakes are high and you’re writing for an audience of faceless admissions officers.

While you may have heard that you need a “sob story” to get into college, the truth is that college essays are most successful when they don’t dwell on the negative. That’s not to say that you can’t write about anything difficult that you’ve faced. But you want your admissions officers to have positive emotions when they think back on your file, so your essay should ultimately resolve with some kind of light, hope, or positivity.

Telling a story that is about your adoption, not you

As we’ve already covered, adoption is a solid topic for a college essay. But you don’t want your college essay to be only about your adoption. It should, in the end, be about you .

Whatever you reveal to your admissions officers through your adoption story should serve two purposes: 1) to give insight into who you are, and 2) to reveal something about your core strengths. (If you want to know more about either of those purposes, hop on over to our guide to college essays .)

So don’t simply detail your adoption or focus only on the aspects that have been positive or negative for you. Write about them only for the purpose of telling admissions officers something about yourself.

The bottom line

If you feel so inclined, go ahead and write your college essay about being adopted. You might approach the topic through the lens of identity, biology, culture, or something uniquely your own. Whatever approach you take, make sure to keep the focus on you, not your adoption, and to conclude your essay on a positive note.

Looking for inspiration? Check out our college essay examples . We have a bunch—and they’re all graded and annotated by former admissions officers.

Liked that? Try this next.

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Home — Essay Samples — Life — Family — Adoption

Essays on Adoption

What makes a good adoption essay topics.

When it comes to writing an adoption essay, choosing the right topic is crucial. A good adoption essay topic should be thought-provoking, relevant, and engaging. It should inspire the reader to think critically about the issues surrounding adoption and showcase the writer's unique perspective.

To brainstorm and choose an essay topic, start by considering your personal experiences and interests. Reflect on your own views on adoption, and think about any relevant experiences or stories that you can draw from. Consider the different aspects of adoption that interest you, such as the emotional impact on children, the legal aspects of adoption, or the challenges faced by birth parents.

When choosing an adoption essay topic, it's important to consider the audience and the purpose of the essay. Think about what you want to communicate to the reader and what message you want to convey. A good adoption essay topic should be relevant and timely, addressing current issues and debates in the field of adoption.

Overall, a good essay topic is one that is thought-provoking, relevant, and engaging. It should inspire the reader to think critically about the issues surrounding adoption and showcase the writer's unique perspective.

Best Adoption Essay Topics

• Open vs. Closed Adoption: Understanding the Differences
• The Impact of Adoption on Birth Parents
• The Emotional Journey of Adopted Children
• Transracial Adoption: Navigating Identity and Culture
• The Legal and Ethical Issues in International Adoption
• The Role of Foster Care in the Adoption Process
• LGBTQ+ Adoption: Overcoming Barriers and Challenges
• Adoption and Mental Health: Understanding the Psychological Effects
• The Stigma of Adoption: Breaking Down Stereotypes and Myths
• The Role of Social Media in Adoption: The Pros and Cons
• The Economics of Adoption: Exploring the Costs and Financial Implications
• Single Parent Adoption: Challenging the Traditional Family Structure
• The Adoption Process: Navigating the Paperwork and Legalities
• The Impact of Adoption on Sibling Relationships
• The Role of Support Groups in the Adoption Community
• The Future of Adoption: Trends and Innovations
• The Intersection of Adoption and Education: Navigating School Systems
• Birth Parents' Rights: Exploring Advocacy and Legal Protections
• The Impact of Adoption on Mental Health Professionals: Challenges and Solutions
• The Role of Technology in the Adoption Process: The Digital Age of Adoption

Adoption essay topics Prompts

• Imagine you are a social worker tasked with matching a child with their forever family. Describe the process you would use and the factors you would consider.
• Write a personal essay about your experience with adoption, whether as an adopted child, birth parent, or adoptive parent. Reflect on the emotional journey and the impact it has had on your life.
• Research and analyze the impact of transracial adoption on a child's sense of identity and belonging. Discuss the challenges and benefits of transracial adoption from the perspective of both the child and the adoptive family.
• Explore the ethical and legal implications of international adoption. Discuss the challenges of navigating different legal systems and cultural norms when adopting a child from another country.
• Imagine a world where adoption is the norm and biological parenthood is the exception. Write a speculative essay exploring the social, cultural, and emotional implications of such a society.

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Adoption is a process whereby a person assumes the parenting of another, usually a child, from that person's biological or legal parent or parents. Legal adoptions permanently transfer all rights and responsibilities, along with filiation, from the biological parents to the adoptive parents.

Contemporary adoption practices can be open or closed. Open adoption allows identifying information to be communicated between adoptive and biological parents and, perhaps, interaction between kin and the adopted person. The practice of closed adoption seals all identifying information, maintaining it as secret and preventing disclosure of the adoptive parents', biological kin's, and adoptees' identities.

Infertility, health concerns relating to pregnancy and childbirth, wanting to cement a new family following divorce or death of one parent, compassion motivated by religious or philosophical conviction, to avoid contributing to overpopulation out of the belief that it is more responsible to care for otherwise parent-less children than to reproduce, or to ensure that inheritable diseases are not passed on.

There are 135,000 children adopted annually within the United States. As of now, there are more than 107,000 children eligible and waiting for adoption in foster care. There are more adoption agencies in the U.S. than any other country, and Americans adopt the most children globally. A full 40% of all adopted children are a separate race or ethnicity than their adoptive family.

Relevant topics

• Family Values
• Foster Care
• Parenting Styles
• Marriage and Family

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Adoption Theses Samples For Students

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Do you feel the need to examine some previously written Theses on Adoption before you start writing an own piece? In this open-access collection of Adoption Thesis examples, you are given a thrilling opportunity to discover meaningful topics, content structuring techniques, text flow, formatting styles, and other academically acclaimed writing practices. Using them while composing your own Adoption Thesis will surely allow you to finalize the piece faster.

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