physical fitness essay pdf

An official website of the United States government

The .gov means it’s official. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

The site is secure. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

• Publications
• Account settings

Preview improvements coming to the PMC website in October 2024. Learn More or Try it out now .

• Advanced Search
• Journal List
• Sports (Basel)

Physical Activity and Sports—Real Health Benefits: A Review with Insight into the Public Health of Sweden

Christer malm.

1 Sports Medicine Unit, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden; [email protected]

Johan Jakobsson

Andreas isaksson.

2 Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Solna, Sweden; [email protected]

Positive effects from sports are achieved primarily through physical activity, but secondary effects bring health benefits such as psychosocial and personal development and less alcohol consumption. Negative effects, such as the risk of failure, injuries, eating disorders, and burnout, are also apparent. Because physical activity is increasingly conducted in an organized manner, sport’s role in society has become increasingly important over the years, not only for the individual but also for public health. In this paper, we intend to describe sport’s physiological and psychosocial health benefits, stemming both from physical activity and from sport participation per se. This narrative review summarizes research and presents health-related data from Swedish authorities. It is discussed that our daily lives are becoming less physically active, while organized exercise and training increases. Average energy intake is increasing, creating an energy surplus, and thus, we are seeing an increasing number of people who are overweight, which is a strong contributor to health problems. Physical activity and exercise have significant positive effects in preventing or alleviating mental illness, including depressive symptoms and anxiety- or stress-related disease. In conclusion, sports can be evolving, if personal capacities, social situation, and biological and psychological maturation are taken into account. Evidence suggests a dose–response relationship such that being active, even to a modest level, is superior to being inactive or sedentary. Recommendations for healthy sports are summarized.

1. Introduction

Sport is a double-edged sword regarding effects on health. Positive effects are achieved primarily through physical activity, which is the main part of most sports. Many secondary effects of sport also bring health benefits, such as psychosocial development of both young [ 1 ] and old [ 2 ], personal development [ 3 ], later onset, and less consumption of alcohol [ 4 , 5 ]. Finally, those who play sports have a higher level of physical activity later in life [ 6 ], and through sport, knowledge of nutrition, exercise, and health can be developed [ 7 ]. Negative effects include the risk of failure leading to poor mental health [ 8 , 9 ], risk of injury [ 10 , 11 ], eating disorders [ 12 ], burnout [ 13 ], and exercise-induced gastrointestinal tract discomfort [ 14 ]. In sport, there are unfortunately also reports of physical and psychological abuse [ 15 ]. Negative aspects are more common in elite-level sports, where there is a fine balance between maximum performance and negative health. A somewhat unexpected effect of sport participation is that people submitting to planned training in some cases perform less physical activity compared to those who are exercising without a set schedule. One explanation can be a reduced spontaneous physical activity in the latter group [ 16 ]. Because physical activity is increasingly executed in an organized manner [ 17 , 18 , 19 ], sport’s role in society has become increasingly important over the years, not only for the individual but also for public health.

In this paper, we describe the health effects of sport from a physiological and psychological perspective, related both to physical activity and added values of sport per se. Initially, brief definitions of various concepts related to physical activity and health are given. This is then followed by: (1) A brief description of how physical activity and training affect our body from a physiological perspective; (2) a report on the health effects of physical activity and training; and (3) sport’s specific influences on the various dimensions of health. We chose to discuss the subject from an age-related perspective, separating children/adolescents, adults, and the elderly, as well as separating for sex in each age group.

2. Definitions of Physical Activity, Exercise, Training, Sport, and Health

Definitions and terms are based on “Physical activity in the prevention and treatment of disease” (FYSS, www.fyss.se [Swedish] [ 20 ]), World Health Organization (WHO) [ 21 ] and the US Department of Human Services [ 22 ]. The definition of physical activity in FYSS is: “Physical activity is defined purely physiologically, as all body movement that increases energy use beyond resting levels”. Health is defined according to the World Health Organization (WHO) as: “[…] a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” [ 21 ].

Physical activity can occur spontaneously (leisure/work/transport) or organized and be divided according to purpose: Physical exercise is aimed primarily at improving health and physical capacity. Physical training is aimed primarily at increasing the individual’s maximum physical capacity and performance [ 23 ]. Physical inactivity is described as the absence of body movement, when energy consumption approximates resting levels. People who do not meet recommendations for physical activity are considered physically inactive and are sometimes called “sedentary”. Sport can be organized by age, sex, level of ambition, weight or other groupings [ 24 ]. Sport can also be spontaneous [ 7 , 17 ] and defined as a subset of exercises undertaken individually or as a part of a team, where participants have a defined goal [ 7 ]. General recommendations for physical activity are found in Table 1 , not considering everyday activities. One can meet the daily recommendations for physical activity by brief, high-intensity exercise, and remaining physically inactive for the rest of the day, thereby creating a “polarization” of physical activity: Having a high dose of conscious physical training, despite having a low energy expenditure in normal life due to high volumes of sedentary time. Polarization of physical activity may lead to increased risk of poor health despite meeting the recommendations for physical activity [ 25 , 26 , 27 ]. During most of our lives, energy expenditure is greater in normal daily life than in sport, physical training, and exercise, with the exceptions of children and the elderly, where planned physical activity is more important [ 28 ].

Recommendations regarding physical activity for different target groups. Note that additional health effects can be achieved if, in addition to these recommendations, the amount of physical activity increases, either by increasing the intensity or duration or a combination of both.

Compiled from FYSS 2017 ( www.fyss.se ) and WHO 2017 ( www.who.int ).

3. Aerobic and Muscle-Strengthening Physical Activity

Physical activity is categorized according to FYSS as: (1) Aerobic physical activity and (2) muscle-strengthening physical activity. Physical activity in everyday life and exercise training is mainly an aerobic activity, where a majority of energy production occurs via oxygen-dependent pathways. Aerobic physical activity is the type of activity typically associated with stamina, fitness, and the biggest health benefits [ 29 , 30 , 31 ]. Muscle-strengthening physical activity is referred to in everyday language as “strength training” or “resistance training” and is a form of physical exercise/training that is primarily intended to maintain or improve various forms of muscle strength and increase or maintain muscle mass [ 32 ]. Sometimes, another category is defined: Muscle-enhancing physical activity, important for maintenance or improvement of coordination and balance, especially in the elderly [ 33 ]. According to these definitions, muscle-strengthening activities primarily involve the body’s anaerobic (without oxygen) energy systems, proportionally more as intensity increases.

Exercise intensity can be expressed in absolute or relative terms. Absolute intensity means the physical work (for example; Watts [W], kg, or metabolic equivalent [MET]), while relative intensity is measured against the person’s maximum capacity or physiology (for example; percentage of maximum heart rate (%HR), rate of perceived exhaustion (RPE), W·kg −1 or relative oxygen uptake in L·min −1 ·kg −1 (VO 2 )). In terms of recommendations to the public, as in Table 1 , the intensity is often described in subjective terms (“makes you breathe harder” for moderate intensity, and “makes you puff and pant” for vigorous intensity) [ 27 ]. While objective criteria such as heart rate and accelerometry will capture the intensity of activity, they may not distinguish between different types of physical activity behaviors [ 34 ]. FYSS defines low intensity as 20%–39% of VO 2 max, <40 %HR, 1.5–2.9 METs; moderate intensity as 40%–59% of VO 2 max, 60–74 %HR, 3.0–5.9 METs, and vigorous intensity as 60%–89% of VO 2 max, 75–94 %HR, 6.0–8.9 METs. Absolute intensity, however, can vary greatly between individuals where a patient with heart disease may have a maximal capacity of <3 MET, and an elite athlete >20 MET [ 35 ].

4. How does the Body Adapt to Physical Activity and Training?

Adaption to physical activity and training is a complex physiological process, but may, in the context of this paper, be simplified by a fundamental basic principle:” The general adaptation syndrome (GAS)” [ 36 , 37 , 38 ]. This principle assumes that physical activity disturbs the body’s physiological balance, which the body then seeks to restore, all in a dose-related response relationship. The overload principle states that if exercise intensity is too low, overload is not reached to induce desired physiological adaptations, whereas an intensity too high will result in fatigue and possibly overtraining. Thus, for adaptation to occur, greater than normal stress must be induced, interspersed with sufficient recovery periods for restoration of physiological balance [ 39 ]. During and immediately after physical exercise/training, functions of affected tissues and systems are impaired, manifested as temporarily decreased performance. You feel tired. In order to gradually improve performance capacity, repeated cycles of adequate overload and recovery are required [ 40 ]. In practice, positive effects can be seen after a relatively short period of a few weeks, but more substantial improvements if the training is maintained for a longer period.

As a rule of thumb, it is assumed that all people can adapt to physical activity and exercise, but the degree of adaptation depends on many factors, including age, heredity, the environment, and diet [ 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ]. The hereditary factor (genetics) may be the most critical for adaptation [ 45 ]. The degree of adaptation also depends on how the person in question trained previously; a well-trained athlete usually does not have the same relative improvement as an untrained one. Even if training is thought to be specific to mode, intensity, and duration, there are some overlaps. For example, it has been found that strength training in some individuals contributes to a relatively large positive impact on health and endurance, effects previously associated primarily with aerobic exercise [ 46 , 47 ]. The overload principle may, if applied too vigorously in relation to a person’s individual adaptation ability, have detrimental effects, including reduced performance, injury, overtraining, and disease [ 10 ]. Training is a commodity that must be renewed; otherwise, you gradually lose achieved performance improvements [ 48 ], although some capacities, such as muscle memory, seem to persist for life [ 49 ].

General recommendations for health may be stated, but individual predispositions make general training schedules for specific performance effects unpredictable. All exercise training should be adjusted to individual purposes, goals, and circumstances.

5. Health Effects of Physical Activity and Training

Human biology requires a certain amount of physical activity to maintain good health and wellbeing. Biological adaption to life with less physical activity would take many generations. People living today have, more or less, the same requirements for physical activity as 40,000 years ago [ 50 , 51 ]. For an average man with a body weight of 70 kg, this corresponds to about 19 km daily walking in addition to everyday physical activity [ 52 ]. For most people, daily physical activity decreases, while planned, conscious exercise and training increases [ 19 , 53 ]. Unfortunately, average daily energy intake is increasing more than daily energy output, creating an energy surplus. This is one reason for the increasing number of overweight people, and a strong contributor to many health problems [ 54 ]. More sedentary living (not reaching recommended level of physical activity), combined with increased energy intake, impairs both physical and mental capabilities and increases the risk of disease. Despite this, Swedes (as an example) seemed to be as physically active and stressed but had better general health in 2015, compared to 2004 ( Figure 1 ). Compared to 2004–2007, the Swedish population in 2012–2015 reported better overall health (more county-dots are blue) and less fatigue (smaller county-dots) with similar level of physical activity (~65% indicated at least 30 min daily physical activity) and stress (~13% were stressed).

Selected physical and mental health indicators of a Sweden cohort, in relation to the degree of physical activity for the period of years 2004–2007 ( N = 29,254) and years 2012–2015 ( N = 38,553). Surveyed subjects are age 16 to 84 years old, with data representing median scores of four years, not normalized for age. Y-axis: Percentage of subjects reporting “stressed”; X-axis: Percentage of subjects indicating physical active at least 30 minutes each day. Each dot represents one County (Län), dot-size indicates self-reported fatigue, and color self-reported healthiness of the County. If 70% of the population states they are having “Good/Very good” health, the dot is blue. If less than 70% states they are having good/very good health, the dot is red. The circle indicated with a black arrow corresponds to nation median. The black line connected to the nation circle represents the movement in the X–Y plane from the year 2004 to 2007, and from 2012 to 2015, respectively. Data retrieved from the Public Health Agency of Sweden 2019-04-22 ( www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se ).

Results in Figure 1 may in part be explained by a polarization of who is physically active: Some individuals are extremely active, others very inactive, giving a similar central tendency (mean/median). As physical activity and mental stress are not changed, but health is, the figure indicates that other factors must be more important to our overall health and fatigue. Recently, a national study of Swedish 11- to 15-year-olds concluded that this age group is inactive for most of their time awake, that is, sitting, standing or moving very little [ 55 ]. Time as inactive increased with age, from 67 percent for 11-year-olds to 75 percent for 15-year-olds. The study states that in all age groups, the inactive time is evenly distributed over the week, with school time, leisure time, and weekend. Further, those who feel school-related stress have more inactive time, both overall and during school hours, than those who have less school-related stress.

People active in sports have, in general, better health than those who do not participate in sports, because they are physically and mentally prepared for the challenges of sports, abilities that in many cases can be transferred to other parts of life [ 56 ].

However, there is a certain bias in this statement. Sport practitioners are already positively selected, because sickness and injury may prevent participation. As many health benefits of sport are related to the level of physical activity, separation of sport and physical exercise may be problematic. Regardless, societal benefits of these health effects can be seen in lower morbidity, healthier elderly, and lower medical costs [ 7 , 57 , 58 ].

Health effects of physical activity in many cases follow a dose–response relationship; dose of physical activity is in proportion to the effect on health [ 59 , 60 ]. Figure 2 depicts the relationship between risk of death and level of physical activity, in a Finnish twin cohort, adjusted for smoking, occupational group, and alcohol consumption [ 59 ]. Odds ratio (OR) for the risk of all-cause mortality in a larger sample in the same study was 0.80 for occasional exercisers ( p = 0.002, 95% CI = 0.69–0.91). This dose–response relationship between risk of all-cause mortality and physical activity is evident in several extensive studies [ 60 , 61 , 62 ]. The total dose is determined by the intensity (how strenuous), duration (duration), and frequency (how often). While Figure 2 shows sex differences in death rates, it is likely that sedentary behavior is equally hazardous for men and women, but inconsistent results sometime occur due to inadequate assessment measures, or low statistical power [ 59 , 63 ]. To obtain the best possible development due to physical exercise/training, both for prevention and treatment purposes, a basic understanding of how these variables affect the dose of activity is required, as well as understanding how they can be modified to suit individual requirements. A physically active population is important for the health of both the individual and society, with sport participation being one, increasingly important, motivator for exercise.

Relative risk (odds ratio; OR) of premature death in relationship to level of physical activity, in 286 male and 148 female twin pairs, adjusted for smoking, occupational group, and use of alcohol [ 59 ].

There is strong scientific evidence supporting an association between physical exercise/training and good physical and mental health. For example: A reduction in musculoskeletal disorders and reduced disability due to chronic disease [ 27 , 64 ], better mental health with reduced anxiety [ 65 , 66 ], insomnia [ 67 ], depression [ 31 ], stress [ 68 ], and other psychological disorders [ 69 ]. Physical and mental health problems are related to an increased risk of developing a number of our major public health diseases and may contribute to premature death ( Table 2 ).

Health-related physiological effects of aerobic and muscle strengthening physical activity. Green circle indicates that the activity contributes with an effect, whereas a red circle indicates that the activity has no proven effect. Orange circle indicates that the activity may in some cases be effective.

5.1. Effects on Physical Health

The effects of physical activity and exercise are both acute (during and immediately after) and long-lasting. Effects remaining after a long period of regular physical activity have far-reaching consequences for health and are described below. For example, some muscle enzymes’ activity can be quickly increased by physical exercise/training but just as quickly be lost when idle [ 118 ]. Other changes remain for months or years even if training ends—for instance, increased number and size of muscle fibers and blood vessels [ 49 , 119 , 120 ]. Good health, therefore, requires physical activity to be performed with both progression and continuity. Most of the conducted physical exercise/training is a combination of both aerobic and muscle strengthening exercise, and it can be difficult to distinguish between their health effects ( Table 2 ).

To describe ill-health, indicators of life expectancy, disease incidence (number), and prevalence (how often) are used [ 121 ]. In describing the relationship between physical activity and falling ill with certain diseases, the dose–response relationship, the effect size (the risk reduction that is shown in studies), and the recommended type and dose of physical activity are considered [ 122 ]. Table 3 shows the relative effects of regular physical activity ton the risk of various diseases (US Department of Human Services, 2009). The greatest health gains are for people who move from completely sedentary to moderately active lifestyles, with health effects seen before measurable improvements in physical performance. Previously, most scientific studies collected data only on aerobic physical activity. However, resistance exercise also shows promising health (mental and physical) and disease-prevention effects [ 123 , 124 , 125 , 126 , 127 ].

Disease prevention effects of regular physical activity.

Compiled from US Department of Health and Human Service, https://health.gov/paguidelines/report/ [ 62 , 146 ] 1 : Risk reduction refers to the relative risk in physically active samples in comparison to a non-active sample, i.e., a risk reduction of 20% means that the physically active sample has a relative risk of 0.8, compared to the non-active sample, which has 1.0. 2 : In general, general recommendations for PA that are described and referred to herein apply to most conditions. However, in some cases, more specific recommendations exist, more in depth described by the US Department of Health and Human Service, amongst others [ 62 ]. 3 : Evidence is dependent on cancer subtype; refer to US Department of Health and Human Service [ 62 ] for in-depth guidance. PA = Physical.

Aerobic physical activity has been shown to benefit weight maintenance after prior weight loss, reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome, normalize blood lipids, and help with cancer/cancer-related side effects ( Table 2 and Table 3 ), while effects on chronic pain are not as clear [ 29 ].

Muscle-strengthening physical activity has, in contrast to aerobic exercise, been shown to reduce muscle atrophy [ 128 ], risk of falling [ 75 ], and osteoporosis [ 74 ] in the elderly. Among the elderly, both men and women adapt positively to strength training [ 129 ]. Strength training also prevents obesity [ 130 ], enhances cognitive performance if done alongside aerobic exercise [ 131 ], counteracts the development of neurodegenerative diseases [ 132 , 133 , 134 ], reduces the risk of metabolic syndrome [ 135 ], counteracts cancer/cancer-related side effects [ 135 , 136 ], reduces pain and disability in joint diseases [ 137 ], and enhances bone density [ 137 , 138 ]. The risk of falling increases markedly with age and is partly a result of reduced muscle mass, and reduced coordination and balance [ 76 , 139 , 140 ]. A strong correlation between physical performance, reduced risk of falls, and enhanced quality of life is therefore, not surprisingly, found in older people [ 141 ]. Deterioration in muscle strength, but not muscle mass, increases the risk of premature death [ 142 ] but can be counteracted by exercise as a dose–response relationship describes the strength improvement in the elderly [ 122 , 143 ]. Recommendations state high-intensity strength training (6–8 repetitions at 80% of 1-repetition maximum) as most effective [ 144 ]. Muscle strengthening physical activity for better health is recommended as a complement to aerobic physical activity [ 29 ]. Amongst the elderly, vibration training can be an alternative to increase strength [ 145 ].

5.2. Effects on Mental Health

Mental illness is a global problem affecting millions of people worldwide [ 147 ]. Headache, stress, insomnia, fatigue, and anxiety are all measures of mental ill health. The term “ ill health ” constitutes a collection of several mental health problems and symptoms with various levels of seriousness. Studies have compared expected health benefits from regular physical activity for improvement of mental health with other treatments, for example, medication. Most recent studies show that physical activity and exercise used as a primary, or secondary, processing method have significant positive effects in preventing or alleviating depressive symptoms [ 31 , 148 , 149 , 150 , 151 ] and have an antidepressant effect in people with neurological diseases [ 152 ]. Training and exercise improve the quality of life and coping with stress and strengthen self-esteem and social skills [ 69 , 153 ]. Training and exercise also lessen anxiety in people who are diagnosed with an anxiety- or stress-related disease [ 68 ], improve vocabulary learning [ 154 ], memory [ 155 , 156 ], and creative thinking [ 157 ].

The same Swedish data as used in Figure 1 show that between the years 2004–2007 and 2012–2015 anxiety, worry, and insomnia decreased but were not obviously correlated to the slightly increased level of physical activity in the population during the same period. Thus, in a multifactorial context, the importance of physical exercise alone cannot be demonstrated in this dataset.

Some of the suggested physiological explanations for improved mental health with physical activity and exercise are greater perfusion and increased brain volume [ 107 , 158 ], increased volume of the hippocampus [ 106 ], and the anti-inflammatory effects of physical activity, reducing brain inflammation in neurological diseases [ 159 ]. Physical exercise may also mediate resilience to stress-induced depression via skeletal muscle peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), enhancing kynurenine conversion to kynurenine acid, which in turn protects the brain and reduces the risk for stress-induced depression [ 153 ]. Further, increased release of growth factors, endorphins, and signaling molecules are other exercise-induced enhancers of mental health [ 69 ].

6. How Sport Affects Health

Sport’s main purposes are to promote physical activity and improve motor skills for health and performance and psychosocial development [ 56 ]. Participants also gain a chance to be part of a community, develop new social circles, and create social norms and attitudes. In healthy individuals, and patients with mental illness, sport participation has been shown to provide individuals with a sense of meaning, identity, and belonging [ 160 , 161 ]. Whether the sport movement exists or not, training and competition including physical activity will happen. Sport’s added values, in addition to the health benefits of physical activity, are therefore of interest. Some argue that it is doubtful, or at least not confirmed, that health development can come from sport, while others believe that healthy sport is something other than health, reviewed in depth by Coakley [ 162 ]. In a sporting context, health is defined as subjective (e.g., one feels good), biological (e.g., not being sick), functional (e.g., to perform), and social (e.g., to collaborate) [ 163 ]. Holt [ 56 ] argued that the environment for positive development in young people is distinctly different from an environment for performance, as the latter is based on being measured and assessed. That said, certain skills (goal setting, leadership, etc.) can be transferred from a sporting environment to other areas of life. The best way to transfer these abilities is, at the moment, unclear.

Having the goal to win at all costs can be detrimental to health. This is especially true for children and adolescents, as early engagement in elite sports increases the risk of injury, promotes one-dimensional functional development, leads to overtraining, creates distorted social norms, risks psychosocial disorders, and has the risk of physical and psychological abuse [ 15 , 164 ]. Of great importance, therefore, is sport’s goal of healthy performance development, starting at an early age. For older people, a strong motivating factor to conduct physical activity is sports club membership [ 165 ]. One can summarize these findings by stating sport’s utility at the transition between different stages of the life; from youth to adulthood and from adulthood to old age. There, sports can be a resource for good physical and mental health [ 166 ].

Today, a higher proportion of the population, compared to 50 years ago, is engaged in organized sports, and to a lesser extent performs spontaneous sports ( Figure 3 ), something that Engström showed in 2004 [ 17 ] and is confirmed by data from The Swedish Sports Confederation ( www.rf.se ). Of the surveyed individuals in 2001, 50%–60% of children and young people said they were active in a sports club. The trend has continued showing similar progression to 2011, with up to 70% of school students playing sports in a club. Furthermore, the study shows that those active in sport clubs also spontaneously do more sports [ 167 ]. Similar data from the years 2007–2018, compiled from open sources at The Swedish Sports Confederation, confirm the trend with an even higher share of youths participating in organized sports, compared to 1968 and 2001 ( Figure 4 ).

Spontaneous sport has decreased over the last decades, to the advantage of organized sport. Data compiled from Engström, 2004, The Swedish Research Council for Sport Science.

Data compiled from open sources report Sport Statistics (Idrotten i siffror) at The Swedish Sports Confederation for the year 2011 ( www.rf.se ).

Taking part in sports can be an important motivator for physical activity for older people [ 165 , 166 ]. With aging, both participation in sports ( Figure 4 ) and physical activity in everyday life [ 168 ] decreases. At the same time, the number of people who are physically active both in leisure and in organized sports increases (The Public Health Agency of Sweden 2017; www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se ). Consequently, among elderly people, a greater proportion of the physical activity occurs within the context of sport [ 8 , 28 ]. Together, research shows that organized sports, in clubs or companies, are more important for people’s overall physical activity than ever before. Groups that are usually less physically active can be motivated through sport—for example, elderly men in sport supporters’ clubs [ 169 ], people in rural areas [ 170 ], migrants [ 171 ], and people with alternative physical and mental functions [ 172 ]. No matter how you get your sporting interest, it is important to establish a physical foundation at an early age to live in good health when you get older ( Figure 5 ). As seen in Figure 5 , a greater sport habitus at age 15 results in higher physical activity at 53 years of age. Early training and exposure to various forms of sports are therefore of great importance. Participation creates an identity, setting the stage for a high degree of physical activity later in life [ 173 ].

Odds ratio (OR) of physical activity at age 53 in relation to Sport habitus at age 15. Sport habitus (“the total physical capital"), including cultural capital, athletic diversity, and grades in physical education and health are, according to Engström [ 173 ], the factors most important for being physically active in later life. For a further discussion on sport habitus, the readers are referred to Engström, 2008 [ 173 ]. Numbers above bar show the 95% confidence interval. ** = significant difference from “Very low”, p < 0.01. *** = p < 0.001.

7. Sport’s Effects on the Health of Children and Young People

The effects of participation in organized sports for children and young people are directly linked to physical activity, with long term secondary effects; an active lifestyle at a young age fosters a more active lifestyle as an adult. As many diseases that are positively affected by physical activity/exercise appear later in life, continued participation in sport as an adult will reduce morbidity and mortality.

It must be emphasized that good physical and mental health of children and young people participating in sport requires knowledge and organization based on everyone’s participation. Early specialization counteracts, in all regards, both health and performance development [ 174 , 175 ].

7.1. Positive Aspects

According to several reviews, there is a correlation between high daily physical activity in children and a low risk for obesity, improved development of motor and cognitive skills, as well as a stronger skeleton [ 176 , 177 ]. Positive effects on lipidemia, blood pressure, oxygen consumption, body composition, metabolic syndrome, bone density and depression, increased muscle strength, and reduced damage to the skeleton and muscles are also described [ 178 , 179 ]. If many aspects are merged in a multidimensional analysis [ 8 , 173 ], the factors important for future good health are shown to be training in sports, broad exposure to different sports, high school grades, cultural capital, and that one takes part in sport throughout childhood ( Table 4 ).

Compiled health profiles for men and women at the age of 20 years, depending on participation in organized sports at the age of 5, 7, 8, 10, 14, and 17 years.

Classification with repeated latent class analysis creates three groups for girls and boys, respectively: Children who never participated (girls only), participated, quit prematurely, or began late (only boys) in sports. Arrows indicate whether participation in sports at young age has an effect on health at 20 years of age. Green up arrow is positive, red down arrow negative, and a horizontal black double arrow shows that sport had no significant effect. Modified from Howie et. al., 2016 [ 8 ].

Psychological benefits of sports participation of young people were compiled by Eime et al. [ 1 ], where the conclusion was that sporting children have better self-esteem, less depression, and better overall psychosocial health. One problem with most of these studies, though, is that they are cross-sectional studies, which means that no cause–effect relationship can be determined. As there is a bias for participating children towards coming from socially secure environments, the results may be somewhat skewed.

7.2. Negative Aspects

As Table 4 and Table 5 show, there are both positive and negative aspects of sports. Within children’s and youth sports, early specialization to a specific sport is a common phenomenon [ 175 ]. There is no scientific evidence that early specialization would have positive impact, neither for health nor for performance later in life [ 175 ]. No model or method including performance at a young age can predict elite performance as an adult. By contrast, specialization and competitiveness can lead to injury, overtraining, increased psychological stress, and reduced training motivation, just to mention a few amongst many negative aspects [ 174 , 175 ]. Another important aspect is that those who are excluded from sports feel mentally worse [ 8 ]. As there is a relationship between depressive episodes in adolescence, and depression as adults [ 116 ], early exclusion has far-reaching consequences. Therefore, sports for children and young people have future health benefits by reducing the risk of developing depression and depressive symptoms, as well as improved wellbeing throughout life.

Positive and negative aspects with sport (at young age).

While some degree of sport specialization is necessary to develop elite-level athletes, research shows clear adverse health effects of early specialization and talent selection [ 180 ]. More children born during the fall and winter (September–December) are excluded [ 181 ], and as a group, they are less physically active than spring (January–April) children, both in sports and leisure ( Figure 6 ). In most sports and in most countries, there is a skewed distribution of participants when sorted by birth-date, and there are more spring children than fall children among those who are involved in sport [ 182 , 183 , 184 , 185 , 186 ]. Because a large part of the physical activity takes place in an organized form, this leads to lower levels of physical activity for late-born persons (Malm, Jakobsson, and Julin, unpublished data). Early orientation and training in physical activity and exercise will determine how active you are later in life. Greater attention must be given to stimulating as many children and young people as possible to participate in sport as long as possible, both in school and on their leisure time. According to statistics from the Swedish Sports Confederation in 2016, this relative-age effect persists throughout life, despite more starting than ending with sport each year [ 18 ].

The figure shows the distribution of 7597 children aged 10 years and younger who in 2014 were registered as active in one particular, individual sport in Sweden (data compiled from the Swedish Sport Confederation, www.rf.se ). Spring, Summer, and Fall represent January–April, May–August, and September–December, respectively.

When summarize, the positive and negative aspects of sport at a young age can be divided into three categories: (1) Personal identification, (2) social competence, and (3) physiological capacity, briefly summarized in Table 5 . A comprehensive analysis of what is now popularly known as “physical literacy” has recently been published [ 187 ].

7.3. Relevance of Sports

Sports can make children and young people develop both physically and mentally and contribute with health benefits if planned and executed exercise/training considers the person’s own capacities, social situation, and biological as well as psychological maturation. In children and adolescents, it is especially important to prevent sports-related injuries and health problems, as a number of these problems are likely to remain long into adulthood, sometimes for life. Comprehensive training is recommended, which does not necessarily mean that you have to participate in various sports. What is required is diverse training within every sport and club. Research shows that participation in various sports simultaneously during childhood and adolescence is most favorable for healthy and lifelong participation [ 8 , 173 , 188 , 189 ].

8. Sport’s Effects on the Health of Adults and the Elderly

Adults who stop participating in sports reduce their physical activity and have health risks equal to people who have neither done sports nor been physical [ 190 , 191 ]. Lack of adherence to exercise programs is a significant hindrance in achieving health goals and general physical activity recommendations in adults and the elderly [ 192 ]. While several socioeconomic factors are related to exercise adherence, it is imperative that trainers and health care providers are informed about factors that can be modulated, such as intervention intensity (not to high), duration (not too long), and supervision, important for higher adherence, addressed more in depth by Rivera-Torres, Fahey and Rivera [ 192 ].

Healthy aging is dependent on many factors, such as the absence of disease, good physical and mental health, and social commitment (especially through team sports or group activities) [ 193 ]. Increased morbidity with age may be partly linked to decreased physical activity. Thus, remaining or becoming active later in life is strongly associated with healthy aging [ 194 ]. With increased age, there is less involvement in training and competition ( Figure 4 ), and only 20% of adults in Sweden are active, at least to some extent, in sports clubs, and the largest proportion of adults who exercise do it on their own. The following sections describes effects beyond what is already provided for children and youths.

8.1. Positive Aspects

Participation in sports, with or without competition, promotes healthy behavior and a better quality of life [ 166 ]. Exclusion from sports at a young age appears to have long-term consequences, as the previously described relative age effect ( Figure 6 ) remains even for master athletes (Malm, Jakobsson, and Julin, unpublished data). Because master athletes show better health than their peers [ 95 ], actions should be taken to include adults and elderly individuals who earlier in life were excluded from, or never started with sport [ 195 ]. As we age, physical activity at a health-enhancing intensity is not enough to maintain all functions. Higher intensity is required, best comprising competition-oriented training [ 196 , 197 ]. One should not assume that high-intensity exercise cannot be initiated by the elderly [ 198 ]. Competitive sports, or training like a competitive athlete as an adult, can be one important factor to counter the loss of physical ability with aging [ 199 ]. In this context, golf can be one example of a safe form of exercise with high adherence for older adults and the elderly, resulting in increased aerobic performance, metabolic function, and trunk strength [ 200 , 201 ].

8.2. Negative Aspects

Increased morbidity (e.g., cardiovascular disease) with aging is seen also among older athletes [ 202 ] and is associated with the same risk factors as in the general population [ 203 ]. An increased risk of cardiovascular disease among adults (master) compared to other populations has been found [ 204 ]. Unfortunately, the designs and interpretations of these studies have been criticized, and the incidence of cardiac arrest in older athletes is unclear [ 205 ]. In this context, the difference between competitive sports aiming to optimize performance and recreational sports has to be taken into account, where the former is more likely to induce negative effects due to high training loads and/or impacts during training and games. Although high-intensity training even for older athletes is positive for aerobic performance, it does not prevent the loss of motor units [ 206 ].

Quality of life is higher in sporting adults compared to those who do not play sports, but so is the risk of injury. When hit by injury, adults and young alike may suffer from psychological disorders such as depression [ 207 ], but with a longer recovery time in older individuals [ 208 ]. As with young athletes, secession of training at age 50 years and above reduces blood flow in the brain, including the hippocampus, possibly related to long-term decline in mental capacity [ 209 ].

8.3. Relevance of Sport

As for children and young people, many positive health aspects come through sport also for adults and the elderly [ 210 ]. Sport builds bridges between generations, a potential but not elucidated drive for adults’ motivation for physical activity. The percentage of adults participating in competitive sports has increased in Sweden since 2010, from about 20 percent to 30 percent of all of those who are physically active [ 18 ], a trend that most likely provides better health for the group in the 30–40 age group and generations to come.

9. Recommendations for Healthy Sport

• 1. Plan exercise, rest, and social life. For health-promoting and healthy-aging physical activity, refer to general guidelines summarized in this paper: Aerobic exercise three times a week, muscle-strengthening exercise 2–3 times a week.
• 2. Set long-term goals.
• 3. Adopt a holistic performance development including physiological, medical, mental, and psychosocial aspects.
• ○ a. Exercise load (time, intensity, volume);
• ○ b. Recovery (sleep, resting heart rate, appetite, estimated fatigue, etc.);
• ○ c. Sickness (when–where–how, type of infections, how long one is ill, etc.);
• ○ d. Repeat type- and age-specific physical tests with relevant evaluation and feedback;
• ○ e. Frequency of injuries and causes.
• ○ a. Motivation for training, competition, and socializing;
• ○ b. Personal perception of stress, anxiety, depression, alienation, and self-belief;
• ○ c. Repeat type- and age-specific psychological tests with relevant evaluation and feedback.
• 6. Register and interpret signs of overtraining, such as reduced performance over time, while maintaining or increasing exercise load.

Author Contributions

C.M. and A.J. conceived and designed the review. C.M., A.J., J.J. and interpreted the data and drafted the manuscript. J.J. edited the manuscript, tables, and figures. All authors approved the final version.

This work was supported by the Swedish Sports Confederation.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.

To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to  upgrade your browser .

Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.

• We're Hiring!
• Help Center

Importance of Physical Fitness in Human Development

Today, there is a growing emphasis on looking good, feeling good and living longer. Increasingly, scientific evidence tells us that one of the keys to achieving these ideals is fitness and exercises. Getting moving is a challenge because today physical activity is less a part of our daily lives. There are fewer jobs that require physical exertion. We have become a mechanically mobile society, relying on machines rather than muscles to get around. In addition, we have become a nation of observers with more people (including children) spending their leisure time pursuing just that-leisure. Consequently, statistics show that obesity and over weight, the problems that come with high blood pressure, diabetes, cardiac arrest, etc. are on the rise. But statistics also show that preventive medicine pays off, so one should not wait until his/her doctor gives an ultimatum. Every one must take the initiative to get active now.

Related Papers

Journal of Lifestyle Medicine

Gurjant Singh

Sports Medicine

Andrew Hills

International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences

Yasin ERSÖZ

Regular physical activity is one of the most important activities you can do for your health. Because you&#39;re afraid of being harmed, moderate-intensity aerobic activities, such as brisk walking, are generally safe for people if you&#39;re not sure you&#39;re activated or increased your physical activity. This study; why we should do physical activity, risks of ınactive behavior, frequency of physical activity, benefits of physical activity and suggestions for physical activity, aims to create more active people. A high level overview of the reviews of published literature. A systematic search of Web of Science, Medline, Pub-Med, and SPORTDiscus, Physical Education Index was employed to find all relevant studies focusing on human participants. Search terms included “Active People ”, “inactivity”, &quot; Prevalence of Physical Activity &quot; and “physical activity”. It has been suggested that regular PA health-related diseases have an effective primary and secondary preventive st...

BioMed research international

Leonardo Dos Santos

American journal of cardiovascular disease

Emmanuel G Ciolac

Sedentary habits or insufficient activities to promote health benefits can influence the occurrence of chronic diseases. The cardiovascular risk factors arise, at least partially, from the individual-environment interaction during life, and worsen with aging and lack of physical exercise. Health promotion and prevention are among the greatest challenges of public health policies. However, physical activity turns out to be rarely recommended and, thus have a very poor adhesion. In spite of consensus about the benefits of physical activity in both primary and secondary prevention, only 32% of adults and 66% of children and adolescents, according to Healthy People 2010 guideline, practice leisure-time physical activity. Thus, the regular practice of physical activity and healthy habits require changes in basic concepts in government and social policies. The higher involvement of public and private sectors related to health and education, the more expressive would be the reduction in so...

Journal of Nigerian Association of Sports Science and Medicine. Vol. (15), 15-22.

Grace Otinwa

Frontiers in Public Health

Stevo Popovic

European Journal of Sport Sciences

Walter Tokarski

Health is at the top of the social value hierarchies in western industrialized countries. It enables people to actively participate in social processes. In the course of industrialization, humans have been formally educated to be sedentary. The trend towards passivity and predominantly sedentary activities during working hours has resulted in an increase in health problems in the chronic-degenerative field. Curative medicine is reaching its limits with these diseases. In order to achieve an improvement in the health situation, it is necessary to make personal lifestyles more health oriented. The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive inventory of the need for health and the prevention through fitness sports in today&#39;s society, in order to create recommendations for action. The methodology used in this study was a review of the relevant literature. In analysing various research findings, it was discovered that essential to health promotion is preventive orientation and t...

Radenko Matic

RELATED PAPERS

Revista Sociedade Natureza

Julio Ramires

Bernedette Cornelius-Ukpepi

Brigida Brito , Sofia José Santos , Fernando Amorim

Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology

Vicente Alfaro

Iheringia. Série Zoologia

MARCOS PEREIRA

Signe Vanker

SSRN Electronic Journal

rajesh tharyan

Circulation

angela ianaro

Fondation Croix-Rouge française

Domingos Braga

Mastozoología Neotropical

Matias S . Mora

Pediatric Research

paul meyers

Jurnal Niara

Alexsander - Yandra

Vuong Nguyen

IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management

Sara Beckman

Tsinghua Science and Technology

MANUEL JESUS VERA CASTRO

Ensino em Re-Vista

Eliane Rose Maio

HortScience

KÖKSAL AYDINŞAKİR

kerry mullan

Jurnal Penelitian dan Kajian Ilmiah Kesehatan Politeknik Medica Farma Husada Mataram

Wulandari Dewi Susilawati

Critical Care

Nacim Hamroun

Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Science

Asmahan Ali

Diabetes Care

Robert Rapaport

原版的成绩单制作 大学毕业证成绩单学位证留信网认证

RELATED TOPICS

•   We're Hiring!
•   Help Center
• Find new research papers in:
• Health Sciences
• Earth Sciences
• Cognitive Science
• Mathematics
• Computer Science
• Academia ©2024

Want to create or adapt books like this? Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices.

2.7 Conclusion

Engaging in regular physical activity may produce improvements in an individual’s physical health, cognitive performance, and psychological well-being. Physical benefits include, but are not limited to, reduced risk for diseases, and improvements in physical functioning, fitness, and overall quality of life. Literature supports a link between exercise and cognitive benefits related to academic performance, brain function, and aging. Psychological benefits incurred from physical activity pertain to improvements in mood and self-esteem, and potential reductions in stress, anxiety, and depression. Strong scientific evidence indicates that adopting a physical activity regimen may positively impact health. However, individuals react differently to exercise and may face unique challenges and barriers when beginning and maintaining an exercise program. One may engage in behavioral modification strategies to enhance physical activity. Useful strategies include: identifying personally perceived barriers to physical activity, increasing self-efficacy, effectively setting goals, planning for setbacks, and self-monitoring progress.

A Guide to Physical Activity Copyright © 2019 by Eydie Kramer is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

Share This Book

Importance of Physical Fitness Essay

People all over the world are becoming fitness conscious as they have realized that it is the most important and have shifted their priorities from everything else to keep them fit and fine as healthy with wealth. Regular exercise has several benefits it helps the body to get into the desired shape and develops resistance power from gaining additional and excessive weight. It helps a person safe from diseases such as obesity, blood pressure, heart diseases, and high cholesterol. Furthermore, an activity also helps in reducing depression and insomnia by enhancing sleeping routines. Also, such activity is known to produce positive vibes inside a person which in turn increases the person’s confidence. (Hardcastle, 2006)

Fitness training fine-tunes the muscles using and burning calories in the body which also increases the metabolic rate in the body. While an inactive person will have his or her body losing its muscles decreasing the metabolism of the body, resulting in concentration of calories and formation of fat and the person gains weight. Exercises like walking, jogging, running, swimming, doing push-ups and pull-ups, running up a flight of stairs, doing crunches, cycling, etc. not only helps a person maintain an outer strong and toned look but it also help the organs like heart, lungs, liver and other to function properly while giving mental peace. (Hasselfors, Hans, n.d.)

For the community, there can be several initiatives taken to help people exercise regularly and maintain a healthy diet. Being a nutritionist advisor, I can guide people on what types of food are healthy and which types of foods should be avoided. As a social welfare worker, I can organize marathons for social causes where people can participate in the form of marathon exercises and also serve a more worldly cause. By adopting an educationist’s role, I can educate the positive aspects of personal fitness and make people aware of the negatives of not exercising. Also, I can start dancing lessons for young boys and girls where from an early stage not only children learn to dance but also learn to exercise. Furthermore, I can become a sport’s proponent where teaching people to play sports will also help them increase their activity and become fit. (Personal Health Zone, 2009)

The most common type of exercise is walking or running. From a casual stroll to a paced walk every day works the muscles relentlessly. Yet another popular exercise common amongst the younger people is playing sports since most sports involve running and stretching out the body muscles. Aerobics or even dancing is a type of exercise that is fun yet physically strengthening. Although swimming might fall under the banner of sports, most people swim to relax in the water and have a good time, and can exercise their body at the same time. For the more body-conscious people, bodybuilding is a set of exercises that strengthens the muscles by picking weights and putting regular pressure. Carrying excessive loads from to and fro also is a form of exercise. Furthermore, in a computer-related work environment, where repetitive strain injury (RSI) is quite common, people should take regular breaks and stretch out their muscles. People recommend the use of machines available in gymnasiums to flex their muscles. Yet another method of exercising is cycling either on a bicycle or a gymnasium machine. (ADAM, 2004)

Active people tend to outlive those who are inactive. In case of being physically inactive for a long time and then taking drastic measures to lose weight to achieve a good result is not an efficient way, as it will not have a lifelong effect on the body. It is rather recommended to consult the physician and go slowly and step-wise. Alongside maintaining a healthy lifestyle by eating healthy food, avoiding junk and fast food, and exercising regularly mainly in the early morning and late evening as these are the effective times for exercising.

ADAM (2004). Exercise . Web.

Hardcastle, J. (2006). The Importance of Physical Fitness .

Hasselfors, H. (N.D) Fitness Training. Web.

Personal Health Zone (2009). Health and Fitness . Web.

• Chicago (A-D)
• Chicago (N-B)

IvyPanda. (2023, October 31). Importance of Physical Fitness. https://ivypanda.com/essays/importance-of-physical-fitness/

"Importance of Physical Fitness." IvyPanda , 31 Oct. 2023, ivypanda.com/essays/importance-of-physical-fitness/.

IvyPanda . (2023) 'Importance of Physical Fitness'. 31 October.

IvyPanda . 2023. "Importance of Physical Fitness." October 31, 2023. https://ivypanda.com/essays/importance-of-physical-fitness/.

1. IvyPanda . "Importance of Physical Fitness." October 31, 2023. https://ivypanda.com/essays/importance-of-physical-fitness/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . "Importance of Physical Fitness." October 31, 2023. https://ivypanda.com/essays/importance-of-physical-fitness/.

• Olympic Cycling Champion in the UAE
• The Cycling Studio Project in the Fitness Industry
• Annotated Bibliography: Sport Cycling
• Swimming and Its Health Advantages
• Cycling Culture in France
• Free Swimming Policy Within the UK
• The Abu Dhabi Cycling Tour: Strategic Risk Management Plan
• Competitors of Pole Dancing: Pole Dancing Schools
• The Cycling Process: Physical Issues
• Domestication of Water: History of Swimming Pools
• Health Benefits of Yoga and Pilates
• The Importance of Physical Exercises for Adults
• Fitness Trends: Group Exercising Provides Better Results
• Weight Training: Principles and Recommendations
• Why Do People Exercise

Home — Essay Samples — Nursing & Health — Physical Exercise — Overview of the Benefits of Physical Fitness

Overview of The Benefits of Physical Fitness

• Categories: Physical Exercise

About this sample

Words: 1541 |

Published: Apr 8, 2022

Words: 1541 | Pages: 3 | 8 min read

Table of contents

Weight control and reduce the risk of obesity, it can make you feel happier, it is good for muscles and bones and also increases energy levels, it can help reduce the risk of chronic diseases, it improves skin health, it boosts brain health and memory, increases relaxation and sleep quality and reduces pain of chronic diseases, ensures better sex life and improves quality of life.

• Caspersen, C. J., Christenson, G. M., & Pollard, R. A. (2018). Status of the 1990 physical fitness and exercise objectives--evidence from NHIS 1985. Public health reports, 101(6), 587.
• Pandolf, K. B., Burse, R. L., & Goldman, R. F. (2017). Role of physical fitness in heat acclimatisation, decay and reinduction. Ergonomics, 20(4), 399-408.
• Ekelund, L. G., Haskell, W. L., Johnson, J. L., Whaley, F. S., Criqui, M. H., Sheps, D. S., & Lipid Research Clinics Mortality Follow-up Study. (2016). Physical fitness as a predictor of cardiovascular mortality in asymptomatic North American men. New England Journal of Medicine, 319(21), 1379-1384
• Pohjonen, T. (2014). Age-related physical fitness and the predictive values of fitness tests for work ability in home care work. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 43(8), 723-730
• Rasmussen, F., Lambrechtsen, J., Siersted, H. C., Hansen, H. S., & Hansen, N. C. (2010). Low physical fitness in childhood is associated with the development of asthma in young adulthood: the Odense schoolchild study. European Respiratory Journal, 16(5), 866-870.

Cite this Essay

Let us write you an essay from scratch

• 450+ experts on 30 subjects ready to help
• Custom essay delivered in as few as 3 hours

Get high-quality help

Dr Jacklynne

Verified writer

• Expert in: Nursing & Health

+ 120 experts online

By clicking “Check Writers’ Offers”, you agree to our terms of service and privacy policy . We’ll occasionally send you promo and account related email

No need to pay just yet!

Related Essays

3 pages / 1154 words

2 pages / 959 words

2 pages / 1117 words

3 pages / 1261 words

Remember! This is just a sample.

You can get your custom paper by one of our expert writers.

121 writers online

Still can’t find what you need?

Browse our vast selection of original essay samples, each expertly formatted and styled

Related Essays on Physical Exercise

World Health Organization. (n.d.). Mental disorders affect one in four people. Retrieved from https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/beauty/fitness-wellbeing/a28917865/the-mental-health-benefits-of-boxing/

In this essay on the benefits of exercise, we will explore the multitude of advantages that regular physical activity can offer. Exercise is not merely a means to improve physical appearance; it is a powerful tool that can [...]

High blood pressure is a significant health concern affecting adults worldwide. This quantitative essay employs a research investigation approach to examine the effects of physical activity on blood pressure levels in adults. [...]

Sports are an essential part of many people's lives, providing not only physical exercise but also valuable life lessons in discipline and resilience. Among the various sports available, running stands out as a particularly [...]

My physical goals include increasing my fitness levels as well as weight loss. I would like to work on strengthening my body through gym and yoga whilst also embarking on a cardio routine that will mainly include running and [...]

First, what exactly is flexibility? When you hear the word flexibility, you probably think of a contortionist or gymnast, but the technical definition is being able to move your joints through their whole range of motion. [...]

Related Topics

By clicking “Send”, you agree to our Terms of service and Privacy statement . We will occasionally send you account related emails.

Where do you want us to send this sample?

By clicking “Continue”, you agree to our terms of service and privacy policy.

Be careful. This essay is not unique

This essay was donated by a student and is likely to have been used and submitted before

Download this Sample

Free samples may contain mistakes and not unique parts

Sorry, we could not paraphrase this essay. Our professional writers can rewrite it and get you a unique paper.

Please check your inbox.

We can write you a custom essay that will follow your exact instructions and meet the deadlines. Let's fix your grades together!

Get Your Personalized Essay in 3 Hours or Less!

We use cookies to personalyze your web-site experience. By continuing we’ll assume you board with our cookie policy .

• Instructions Followed To The Letter
• Deadlines Met At Every Stage
• Unique And Plagiarism Free

Physical Fitness Essay

Essay on Physical Exercise | Importance of Physical Exercise | Essay in .... Benefits of Exercise Essay | Essay on Benefits of Exercise for Students .... ⇉Importance of Physical Fitness Essay Example | GraduateWay. Reflection Essay On Fitness Free Essay Example. Essay On Importance Of Physical Exercise – Telegraph. Read less

Recommended

More related content, similar to physical fitness essay, similar to physical fitness essay ( 20 ), more from sandra hughes, more from sandra hughes ( 20 ), recently uploaded, recently uploaded ( 20 ).

• 1. Physical Fitness Essay Embarking on the task of writing an essay on physical fitness entails navigating a multifaceted terrain that requires a blend of research, personal insight, and effective communication. The difficulty lies not only in articulating the significance of physical fitness but also in presenting a comprehensive overview that caters to a diverse audience. To begin with, delving into the scientific aspects of physical fitness demands a meticulous exploration of various disciplines, including physiology, anatomy, and sports science. This necessitates a deep understanding of the human body's response to exercise, the benefits of regular physical activity, and the potential risks associated with a sedentary lifestyle. The integration of credible sources and up-to-date research adds a layer of complexity to the process, requiring the writer to sift through a vast sea of information to discern reliable and relevant data. Moreover, the personal dimension of the essay adds another layer of intricacy. Articulating the subjective experiences and motivations that drive individuals towards physical fitness demands a delicate balance between anecdotal evidence and broader societal trends. Crafting a narrative that resonates with readers while avoiding excessive subjectivity can be challenging, as it requires a nuanced approach to storytelling. Communication skills also play a pivotal role in the difficulty of this task. Translating complex scientific concepts into accessible language without oversimplifying is a delicate art. The writer must strike a balance between technical accuracy and readability, ensuring that the essay appeals to both experts and laypersons. Additionally, organizing the information in a coherent and logical manner poses yet another challenge, as the essay must flow seamlessly from one point to the next. In conclusion, writing an essay on physical fitness demands a synthesis of scientific knowledge, personal insight, and effective communication skills. Navigating this intricate terrain requires a writer to immerse themselves in diverse fields, carefully balance objectivity and subjectivity, and skillfully convey complex ideas to a broad audience. It is a task that necessitates dedication, research prowess, and a keen understanding of both the physiological and personal dimensions of physical fitness. For those seeking assistance in crafting similar essays or exploring a broader range of topics, various resources are available, including online writing services likeHelpWriting.net. These platforms offer a wealth of expertise and support to help individuals navigate the challenges of essay writing and produce high-quality, tailored content. Physical Fitness EssayPhysical Fitness Essay
• 2. Compare And Contrast Atrahasis And Evan Almighty Atrahasis and the movie Evan Almighty both describe floods that are forewarned by a god. Both discuss the stories of men warned by a god and require them to build a boat that will help them escape the perils of a flood. However, these stories are different because of the reason for the flood, how they are told of the flood, and what the flood actually consists of. The movie Evan Almightydraws from the story of flood in the Bible. In the movie, Godbegins to foreshadow to Evan that he will have a larger purpose, until he directly tells Evan that there will be a flood. God foreshadows this to Evan by sending him materials and directions on how to build an ark. Evan at first is very uncomfortable with the idea of a flood and building an ark, but then he gains confidence in his mission and builds the ark, even though he is mocked by people around him. However, the flood ends up being a misconstrued dam that breaks and floods his new, expensive community. A huge wave from the dam swallows his neighborhood and brings him directly to the cause of the misconstrued dam. The beliefs of gods in each story are very different. Mainly because in Atrahasis there is a presence of multiple gods but in Evan Almighty the story is surrounded by the idea of a monotheistic version of God. In Atrahasis, there are many gods mentioned, including the three high gods and the lesser gods beneath them. This a huge difference, especially when it comes to the storyline. In Atrahasis, there are multiple
• 3. Spruce Budworm Research Paper Spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens)) outbreaks have an important effect on succession of balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) and spruce (Picea spp.) stands in eastern Canadian forests (MacLean 2004). Spruce budworm feeds repeatedly on annual shoots of balsam fir and spruce and leads to large scale growth reduction and mortality (MacLean and Ostaff 1989). When overstory tree mortality occurs from defoliation, it creates gaps that allow understory plants to get an opportunity to release (Osawa 1994; Kemball et al. 2005). Defoliation also changes the competitive interactions between host fir spruce and non host species and may release the latter. Research by Su et al. (1996) revealed that different hardwood content in stands influences balsam fir defoliation and mortality caused by spruce budworm. Defoliation and mortality are less in stand with high hardwood content than in stands with low hardwoods (MacLean 1980; Bergeron et al. 1995; Su et al. 1996). This results in higher canopy openness in stands with high conifer content than in high hardwood content ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The absence of a balsam fir seedling bank prior to the outbreak could be due to unfavorable litter or soil conditions (Greene et al. 1999), higher competition by shrubs prior to the outbreak (Kneeshaw and Bergeron 1999), and the absence of seed trees. Absence of a seedling bank or death of the seedling bank during an epidemic will lead to lack of fir recruitment (Bouchard et al. 2007). But in research by Spence and MacLean (2012) there was a different result: in immature stands the intolerant hardwood regenerations post disturbance (4% 27%) was higher than pre disturbance (0%). But the percentage of intolerant hardwood regeneration eventually decreased (from 19% 44% to 4% 25%). This suggests that in immature stands may still have a higher balsam fir composition over
• 4. Global Warming On Polar Bears Research Paper Brenda Ceja Block G: Biology May 24, 2015 The Effects of Global Warming on Polar Bears Introduction Global warming is the recent and ongoing rise of temperature on a global scale. Over the past century, the Earth s average temperature has risen 1.4В°F (Carlowicz, 2010). Global warming is the effect of an excessive amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Greenhouse gasses trap heat from escaping back into space to keep the Earth from freezing, this is called the Greenhouse Effect. An excessive amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap too much heat, thus, causing Earth s temperature to rise. The Earth s rise in temperature is melting ice in its colder regions. Many animals who live in the Arctic Circle, the lands surrounding ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The melting sea ice is also affecting the polar bear s main prey, seals, forcing the bears to turn to alternate, less nutritious food sources. Once sea ice forms in the winter, seals use the ice to create dens to give birth to their pups. In these months, polar bears use sea ice as their hunting grounds to find seal dens. Now that Seasonal Ice is forming later and melting earlier (IPCC, 2013), seals have less time to build dens and give birth. Consequently, polar bears have less time to hunt their preferred prey of seal pups. They must spend more time on land hunting other animals of less nutritional value. Organizations like Sea World Parks have reported male polar bears occasionally eating newly born polar bear cubs because they cannot find other food to eat. Lack of nutritional food leads to a reduced body size. Polar bears are becoming thinner and weaker from not eating enough (Rode, Amstrup, Regehr 2010). They have to swim longer distances to find ice to hunt upon, causing many cubs to die because they are not yet strong enough. In the Hudson Bay, the average polar bear weight has decreased by 15% and the population has decreased by 20% (National Wildlife Federation). In the summer when there is no ice, polar bears in the Hudson Bay go onto land to fast until the ice reforms. Now that ice is
• 5. Misquainted And Walking In Early Years A). Changes in crawling and walking in early days were seen to be due to the maturity of neural structures. Now a days, they are also giving contribution to infant s adaptive abilities as they move through the environment as they grow. Infants begin to experiment crawling at 7 to 8 months of age and continue to crawl until they begin to walk on their own. As they become better at crawling they begin to pull themselves up and take steps while supporting on to something such as, the couch or a coffee table. At first they are wobbly but as they progress they begin to be more stable and exploring becomes more flexible. At about 12 months infants begin to walk without the support of on object and tend to fall often as they still need a lot of practice. Once their legs are strengthen and their limbs are better coordinated they become more stable and fall less frequently. They also begin to pick up... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... A topic that relates to crawling and walking is implications for parents and caregivers. These topics go hand in hand because as infants begin to crawl and walk parents have to encourage them to keep on developing their motor skills. Depending on cultural backgrounds infants will begin to walk and crawl at different paces based on the way their parents have moved them around. As said in our book infants in traditional cultures strapped onto their mother s back, for example, do not appear to crawl or walk later than infants who are not confined in this way and may even begin walking without the benefit of extensive crawling experience (187). In contrast also stated in our book Babies who spend significant amounts of time in walkers or other infant equipment, however, appear to begin walking later than babies who are not placed in those devices (187). As we can see parents influence a lot on when their infant will begin to crawl and walk. Parents should inspire their infant to explore and practice crawling in walking in order for them to enhance their locomotor
• 6. Transnational Identity In Anil s Ghost By Kara Somerville Anil s ghost is an acclaimed novel written by a Sri Lankan born Canadian novelist Michael Ondaatje. The book focuses on major issues of civil war and its effects, human rights, and the nature of one s shifting identity. In this essay I will focus on the way in which the main character Anil Tissera s surroundings affect her cultural identity throughout the story. An article written by Kara Somerville in 2008 provides an interesting insight on the issue of transnational identity, and how different factors tend to affect it. Especially the paragraph about the Indo Canadian immigrants emotional connections to their both home s offers a good viewpoint on Anil s own process of forming her identity. (p.27) The people interviewed all bring up how ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... We are given examples of Anil s growing cultural identity throughout the book, but perhaps one of the most important turning points lies in the Ananda section of the story. In this part Anil, even though she does not get along well with Ananda, is shown to regret the fact that she can not communicate with him or trade any information. However, the most significant moment considering Anil s identity is her dance which we see on page 181. The scene is symbolic not only in the sense of letting go of her past relationship with Cullis, but she is also letting go of her past self solely living in the west. It is described that at this moment Sarath sees a person he has never seen . This could very well be the part where Anil, in a way, finally embraces both sides of her multicultural identity and accepts both her past and present as parts of
• 7. The Discount Travel Websites Of Kayak.com And Sidestep.com With the country in the financial shape that it is presently in, consumers are looking for any and every way to save a buck. Therefore, thoughts of a recession on the horizon makes travelers reconsider their summer vacations. This brings up methods that families and the like can still have some form of vacation. Enter the discount travel websitesof Kayak.comand Sidestep.com. Before making a comparison, it is best to take a look at both sites individually. Kayak Kayak.com is a website that enables potential travelers the opportunity to search for flights, hotels, cars, and cruises from one convenient site. This eliminates the need for a consumer to visit multiple sites to gather this information. It also offers deals that are available for users to take advantage. One is able to look at pricing for any flight available to a destination, and is able to check the price for it on several different sites, including Orbitz, CheapTickets, and even the airline itself. This site offers a listing, a matrix, and a chart in which to view the selected flights. For hotels it offers a listing, a map, or photos. The other unique thing about the site it that it has sliders allow one to move them left or right to narrow the options. One also can remove check marks to omit specific carriers or star rating from the search results. The one downside of using this for flights is that it does not include Southwest Airlines in search results. Sidestep Sidestep.com is another website that
• 8. The Effect Of Fast Track Care On Length Of Stay Patients... Running Head: FAST TRACK CARE Review of Literature The Effect of Fast Track Care on Length of Stay in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery Alisa Ruffner, BSN Fall 2014 University of Tennessee Health Science Center: College of Nursing NSG 819: Evaluation of Practice Introduction Cardiac surgery is among the most frequently performed surgical procedures in the United States. According to the American Heart Association, over 575,000 open heart surgeries were performed in 2005. Until relatively recently, sedation and prolonged ventilatory support through the first twelve to eighteen hours post operatively have been standard. This allowed adequate time for the patient s hemodynamic, respiratory and coagulation physiological ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... How does fast track care compare to conventional care after cardiac surgery? Methods An electronic review of literature was conducted through PubMed, Clinicalkey, and MEDLINE OVID databases. Key words and phrases searched included fast track , cardiac surgery , length of stay , intensive care unit , and protocols . The evidence in the articles were evaluated and examined in the attached table. The evidence was also categorized for quality using the Grade model rating from A to D. Findings The most significant publication found involving fast track care was a Cochrane review entitled Fast track cardiac care for adult cardiac surgical patients . This review examined 25 trials and included over 4,000 patients. The trails included in this review were randomized control trials that compared the use of low dose opioid based general anesthesia versus high dose opioid based general anesthesia, and early extubation using time directed protocols versus usual care for extubation (Zhu, Lee, Chee, 2012). This review examined several outcomes including mortality, post operative complications, time to extubation, ICU length of stay, hospital length of stay, and inpatient costs. The authors concluded, based on these studies, that fast track care was safe for patients undergoing low to moderate risk cardiac surgery. The combination of low dose opioid anesthesia combined with a rapid extubation protocol post operatively is shown to decrease the time on
• 9. What Kids Around The World Eat For Breakfast Analysis *As adapted from Rise and Shine. What Kids Around the World Eat for Breakfast, published in The New York Times by Malia Wollan. All Photos Courtesy of Hannah Whitaker. Original article here. For many of us, a normal breakfast consists of sugar frosted cereal and milk. Yet, all around the world, children start off their mornings with different meals that might seem a little bizarre to the average American. But according to reporter and writer, Malia Wollan: ...we don t put pickle relish on waffles or eat Honey Bunches of Oats for supper [due to] rules of culture, not of nature. In fact, children begin to acquire a taste for pickled or fermented foods early on even before they are born. Scientists call this phenomenon prenatal flavor learning , ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Aricia Aricia 2 8. Phillip Kamtengo, 4 years old, and Shelleen Kamtengo, 4 years old, Chitedze, Malawi Sweet, cornbread like cake (chikondamoyo), boiled potatoes and black tea with a spoonful or two of sugar. Phillip Phillip 2 9. Koki Hayashi, 4 years old, Tokyo Green peppers stir fried with tiny dried fish, soy sauce and sesame seeds; raw egg mixed with soy sauce and poured over hot rice; dish of lotus and burdock roots and carrots (kinpir) sautГ©ed with sesame seed oil, soy sauce and a sweet rice wine called mirin; miso soup; grapes; sliced Asian pear; and milk. Koki KOki 2 10. Oyku Ozarslan, 9 years old, Istanbul Brown bread with green and black olives, Nutella spread, sliced tomato, hard boiled egg, strawberry jam, butter soaked in honey and an assortment of Turkish cheeses (feta like cheese called ezine peyniri; an aged, cow s milk cheese called eski kasar and a variety of cheese made of goat s milk called tulum peyniri). Oyku Oyk,u 2 11. Tiago Bueno Young, 3 years old, SГ Јo Paulo, Brazil
• 10. Chocolate milk, cornflakes, banana cake and a sweet white bread (bisnaguinha ) served with a mild cream cheese
• 11. Schonberger Case Essay Schonberger Case #1: HyGain Telex: Analysis for JIT Production Company Objective The HyGain Telex plan in Lincoln, Nebraska, manufactures antennas. It currently has an U.S. Army contract for Model X32 antennas. The contract requires a production rate of two hundred Model X32s per day. The contract quantity may be changed quarterly. Manufacture of the X32 Analysis of the manufacture of the X32 concentrates on the base, which is a cylinder 6 inches in diameter and 10 inches high (see diagram on page 2). Manufacturing of the base occurs in several stages. Step #FunctionTime (min) 1Holes are molded into the base by use of core plugs2.50 2.1A dozen more holes are drilled then half of them are tapped 0.12 to 1.02 2.2The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Drilled and tapped based were forwarded to assembly by forklift truck, in wire bound pallets holding bout 400 bases. This requires five forklift trips to move on packet release quantity to assembly. (See question 1) The process speed to sales rate is approximately 7 weeks to 1 X32 (7 weeks to 1 unit). This is based on the average identified by applying tap to the based of various X32 over a period of two weeks. However, the quantity requested by the customer can vary according to the month. The pieces to work stations or to operator in the production line or line segment is 2000 to 15 or 400 to 3 based on 15 direct labor employees. (See question 2) Problems The following information was identified during a meeting to brainstorm what can and maybe can t be done to reduce WIP and flow time . В·The drill press requires no setup time; it is a dedicated tool. В·The drill press is fine but tapping head with spindles in the tapes were problems. This impacts manufacturing by an estimated 5 hours a month. В·Assembly sometimes had to wait for bases. This impacted manufacturing by an
• 12. Lab 15-1 Lab Report Lab 15 1 Beam Restriction Effects Patient Account # : 4302016 Patient Name : The Best of 430 DOB: 12/12/2012 MD: Pam Jones Purpose Demonstrate the effects of beam restriction on different knee radiographs using collimation ,on soft tissue thickness to demonstrate the variations of image quality. Hypothesis Using beam restriction methods such as collimation ; will improve the overall image quality on a knee surrounded with soft tissue. Materials Energized DR radiographic unit Phantom knee 8 Saline filled bags 10x12 DR IP w/o grid Image processor Positioning Sponges Exposure Techniques and SID 60 kVp, 4 mAs, 40 SID Procedures Make three exposures using given technical factors on a phantom knee in PA position . Include saline bags in exposures 1 and 2 to demonstrate patient soft tissue thickness.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... CR perpendicular to center of knee and include the saline bags on the lateral sides of the phantom. Open collimator to the size of image receptor including the saline bags. Exposure 2 repeat step 2 and collimate to the edges of phantom knee. Process films and label images. 4. Exposure 3 repeat step 3 w/o including the saline bags (used as a control). Data Exposure 1 phantom knee with saline bags , open collimation to 10x12 IP Exposure Index :173 Contrast : 2.68 Poor Image quality, grainy and unsharp image. Exposure 2 phantom knee with saline bags, tight collimation to knee sides Exposure Index : 210 Contrast : 2.68 Optimum image quality, Less unsharpness compared to exposure 1, visual of bony tissue,fine detail of fibula lining superimposed over Tibia Exposure 3 phantom knee w/o saline bags , tight collimation to knee sides Exposure Index: 230 Contrast 2.68 Optimum Image quality and visual of bony tissue .
• 13. Jerome Symbolism Essay Subsequently, Jerome s reinterpretation of the tetramorph was recognized by Christians throughout Western Europe and became one of the most often depicted symbols in Christian artworks Interestingly, Frederic W. Schlatter dates the dedication of the Apse Mosaic of Santa Pudenziana (fig. 5) in Rome to between 402 and 417 CE., which is only a short time after Jerome s translation of Ezekiel s vision. Believed to be one of the earliest images of the tetramorph in Western Europe, the mosaic s artist portrays the busts of a winged man, a winged lion, a winged ox, and a winged eagle in a heavenly space above the enthroned figure of Christ. Drawing closer attention to the winged lion (Fig. 6), the lion s face resembles a bearded man more than... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The first instinct is to discuss the late Medieval bestiary, but because the bestiary appeared hundreds of years after Christianity became an official religion, it cannot be credited with influencing either Ezekiel or Jerome s creative thought. However, locating the source of the text within the bestiary provides evidence of texts which use animal symbolism that may have contributed to the Christian imagery. To explain, the general consensus amongst scholars is that the second century text, the Physiologus, is the primary source of the text for the Medieval bestiary. Written by an unknown author in Alexandra, it eventually reached western Europe and was translated into Latin during the fourth century. Its contents included a collection of ancient knowledge from Greek, Roman, Egyptian, and Babylonian legends, as well as stories about animals, birds, stones, and beasts. Moreover, the legends and animal stories carried underlying themes of mockery, deadly pretence, trickery, and deception to name a few. Albeit arguable, numerous scholars argue that the Physiologus was one of the most widely read books of the Medieval period after the bible. Given that the Physiologus was translated into Latin during the lifetime of Jerome, it is possible that he was aware of how to us symbolic animal imagery to
• 14. Trauma In The Novel The Suspect By L. R. How Trauma Can Affect Lives Many individuals have flashbacks after experiencing trauma. Survivors of such horrible traumas sometimes can act out in violence, after something triggers them to remember the ordeal. The novel The Suspect by L.R. Wright, offers a realistic account of what goes on in the mind of an individual who has committed murder. Throughout the novel, I made connections to many real life examples of how trauma has affected the lives of criminals and their victims, through either alcohol or mental illness. Individuals affected by this sort of trauma can seek medical or social help in order to be able to learn how to cope with daily living. L.R. Wright starts the novel The Suspect, by talking about how the main character George Wilcox killed his ex brother in law Carlyle Burke in the isolated little community of Sechelt, British Columbia. Wright described the scene of how George killed Carlyle. As George was trying to leave, Carlyle did not like the idea that George was leaving, and was telling him he needed to respect him. When Carlyle started to talk about George s family by saying ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... A Mind For Murder. Wolrd Literature Today Mar/Apr 2015: 16 18. Web. 10 Apr 2017. . Greyhound Bus Killer Not Criminally Responsible. 05 March 2009. CBC News. 28 March 2017. . Lawless, Jill. Remarkable P.D. James Dies at 94;Billiant Writer of Detective Fiction Brought the Gere into Realm of Literature. 28 Nov 2014. Web. 07 Apr 2017. Man Found Not Criminally Responsible For Bus Beheading Gets Absolute Discharge. 10 2 2017. CTV News. 5 4 2017. . Mother of Tim McLean Ends Petition to Change Law. 18 January 2014. CBC Radio Canada. 23 March 2017. . Smith, Will. First and Foremost a Write of Fiction:Revisiting Two Tornoto Novels, Hopkins Moorhouse s Every Man for Himself and Peter Donovan s Late Spring. 2015. British Journal of Canadian Studies; Liverpool. 10 Apr 2017. Wright, L R. The Suspect. United States of America: Felony Mayhem,
• 15. Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald and His Work Essay Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald and His Work By the time F. Scott Fitzgerald published The Great Gatsby in 1925, he had already amassed an impressive literary resume. From his first commercial publication of the short story, Babes in the Woods at age 23 to The Sensible Thing at age 28, Fitzgerald published fourteen short stories, one play, two collections of short stories, and two novels. His first novel, This Side of Paradise, made Fitzgerald a celebrity. The second, The Beautiful and the Damned, was serialized in Metropolitan Magazine. Few American writers published as many well received short stories in the fiction market as Fitzgerald during this time. After publication of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Fitzgerald s maternal grandfather also represented high asperations. He immigrated from Ireland during the pre Civil War era and became a wealthy, wholesale grocer in St. Paul. Although situated economically in an upper middle class, Fitzgerald developed bonds to upper class friends during his childhood, and aspired to experience the kinds of opportunties they enjoyed. The quest to achieve seems to have dominated Fitzgerald since early adolescence. Like many of his friends who attended prep schools in the East, Fitzgerald attended a Catholic prep school in New Jersey between1911 13 where he met Father Sigourney Fay. Fay encouraged his ambitions for personal distinction and achievement. After the death of his maternal grandmother, his family s sizeable inheritance allowed Fitzgerald to attend Princeton University the following year. He reportedly remarked at this time to his friend, Edmund Wilson, I want to be the greatest writer who ever lived,
• 16. don t you ? (Connors 1) During his senior year, Fitzgerald joined the Army, and thinking he would die in the war, rapidly wrote a novel, The Romantic Egotist. He later revised it as This Side of Paradise. After falling in love with a southern bell, Zelda Sayre, the youngest daughter of an Alabama Supreme Court justice, he proposed marriage. Zelda, similar to Daisy s
• 17. Peroneal Tendon Injury Research Paper Your Ankle Pain Might Be Due To A Peroneal Tendon Injury If you have pain on the outside of your ankle, your peroneal tendon might be to blame. This tendon runs from your lower leg to the middle of the outside of your foot. It passes over the outside of your ankle so when this tenon is irritated or injured, you can have pain in your foot and ankle. Here are some of the symptoms of a peroneal tendon injury and treatments that might help. Symptoms Of Peroneal Tendon Injury The peroneal tendon can suffer from degenerative injury as well as an acute injury. If the damage is caused by a sudden increase in activity such as beginning running after being sedentary, you might experience pain in your foot and ankle over the area of the injury. The pain might be worse when you turn your foot from side to side. If you ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... You may be asked to stay off your feet as much as possible and you might even have to wear a cast. Once healing is underway and some of the pain has diminished, you can slowly resume your usual activities. However, you might need to wear a brace for support until your tendon has fully healed. Your podiatrist might also advise you on shoes to wear when you run or play sports and shoes for daily wear. Wearing improper shoes can aggravate a peroneal tendon injury and slow healing. You may go to physical therapy right away for pain management with heat or ultrasound treatments. Once your tendon has partially healed, you might begin exercises that strengthen the muscles that support your ankle. Range of motion exercises are helpful too because they restore full movement of your ankle after it has been held in place in a cast. Once you learn how to do the exercises properly, you can do them at home to help your foot recover quicker. An acute injury might be quicker to heal than a degenerative injury that has caused significant damage to the
• 18. Representation Of African American Films The medium of film and television have not been effectively coding the many American conflicts of the past decades. The roles of superheroes, villains, and antiheroes have always been used in every film and media directly or indirectly, introducing which is which. Since the beginning of modern film, many movies plots and conflicts have revolved around a protagonist or several protagonists faced with an opposing force that is disturbing the order of things, usually another individual bent on malicious intent. A battle between the good and the bad, the heroic and the villainous. Unfortunately, the conflicts between good and bad have not been effectively introduced through this medium. Throughout history, the definition of what is good and what is bad has also changed slightly as a result of the effects of the Sexual Revolution and the Judeo Christian ethic, and this has indeed been reflected in the more modern movies of today.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... As a result, politics, most notably the presidential election, through the medium of television has become very confusing and has turned audience s attention to subjects that do not matter much. In addition, films about racism, particularly towards African Americans, serve only as propaganda to feed SJW rhetoric into the minds of Americans. Furthermore, the lack of films and media coverage of educational reform has made audiences uninformed about this issue. On the other hand, the medium of film has succeeded in providing an effective discussion of income inequality in America. Although film and media has succeeded in providing accurate information about income inequality in America, they have failed in effectively coding the conflicts of politics, racism, and education
• 19. Populist and Progressive Movements Populist And Progressives The Populists and Progressive were two major movements that occurred during the outbreaks of the workers union after the civil war. The populists began during the late 1800s and the progressives began during the 1900s. There are many differences between these two movements, but yet both of these movements have many things in common. During this time, farmers united to protect their interests by creating a major political party. This party was known as the Peoples Party, which became known as the Populist Party. Populists drew their strength from rural areas as many Populists tended to mostly be poor and uneducated. They had ideas such as government ownership of major industries. Progressives, also affected by industrialization, began their movements in order to reestablish their society. The Populists supported labor demands, such as people in the labor force only being allowed to work eight hour workdays. The Populists tried to encourage more governmental control over the banking systems as well as governmental control over the operation of the nation s railroad and communication systems. One of the most controversial Populist demands was the money supply. Farmers saw inflation as a way to improve their way of living as the price level of their crops began to rise. The farmers also planned to expand the money supply at on point. Progressivism began in the early 1900s. Progressivism was mostly centered in the cities and
• 20. How Does Jane Austen s View Of Marriage The world of Jane Austen s, Pride and Prejudice is one in which women s rights were limited due to society s patriarchal point of view. In Jane Austen s world, women suffered on the account of their gender in a class pretension society making it only possible to increase social mobility through the mean of marriage. Austen depicts marriage as an economical business, needed to rescue women from succumbing to a life of poverty and disgrace. In a society that affirm the principle values of marriage as a social institution, Austen shows the many sides of marriage and satirizes marriage that base love on appearances, wealth and class by showing that it only leads to one own misery and unhappiness, whereas true leads to happiness and joy. It is... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Although the interactions leading to Mr. Collins proposal to Charlotte is not present in the film, Charlotte confronts Elizabeth with the news of her engagement. Charlotte insists that Mr. Collin is the best she could hope for. From this scene, it becomes apparent that Charlotte have a textured idea of the future she is choosing. In her eyes, the success of her marriage lies in the comfortable economy of their household which becomes clear when Elizabeth visit Charlotte for the first time. Charlotte has settled into married life and she encourages Mr. Collins to work in the garden and leave her to the enjoyment of their home. As they drink tea in a separate room, Charlotte mentions that they [Elizabeth and her] shall not be disturbed for Mr. Collin allow her to have the room to herself. It becomes clear that Charlotte married solely for the security of the home because she confines herself inside while Mr. Collins stays out. They both finds contentment in their marriage only when they are not in the present of one another. Austen reveals her sensibility for Charlotte as a vestigial character left over from an era of practical marriage rather than a romantic
• 21. Children Of The Lucky Country Case Study Australia, a nation known as The Lucky Country , has an excellent award winning democratic society with a booming economy. It is a land with unique fauna, climate, great golden beaches and natural resources. Despite increasing economic prosperity and technological advancement, many Australian children are not benefiting from the progress. In fact, for some the reality is an actual decline in the vital areas of health, education and opportunity. Although, the trends in infections, survival at birth and in infancy, accidents and deaths in the primary school years, death rates from severe diseases such as cancers, and overall life expectancy have all improved. However, the levels of many problems affecting children and young people are worryingly high and appear to be increasing. Therefore, while death rates have fallen, proportions of children and youth with complex diseases such as asthma, diabetes, overweight and obesity, intellectual disabilities and particularly psychological problems such as depression, suicide and eating disorders have increased. Similar is the trend in premature births and physical disabilities such as cerebral palsy. Such concerns about children and young people in the lucky country were raised by the Australian of the Year 2003, Fiona Stanley and inspired her to write the book, Children of the Lucky Country? Fiona Juliet Stanley is Founding Director of the Telethon Institute for Child Health Research in Perth, Western Australia, Inaugural Chief Executive Officer of the Australian Research Alliance for children and youth, and Professor of Paediatrics, University of Western Australia. She is one of Australia s best regarded paediatricians and epidemiologists and a major force behind improving health conditions in Australia s Aboriginal populations. Fiona Stanley was born in 1946 in New South Wales and moved to Perth, Western Australia with her familyin 1956. Her interest in Science and Medicine developed throughout her childhood and her father, who was one of the world s first virologists and worked on the polio vaccine in the 1950s, heavily influenced her. Dr. Stanley completed her medical degree at the University of Western Australia in 1970. During her studies, she
• 22. Oedipus Hamartia In the play Oedipus the King by Sophocles, Oedipus exemplifies a man whose hamartia is that he does not know himself. Hamartia is a fatal flaw leading to the tragic downfall of a hero, and Oedipus s fatal flaw is how he does not know his real self. In the play, the truth about many parts of his life are revealed; such as how King Polybus and Queen Merope of Corinth are not his real parents, that he was the one who killed King Lauis and caused the plague to the city, and that his prophecy was unknowingly fulfilled because he killed his birth father, King Lauis, and married his birth mother, Queen Jocasta. Oedipuss lack of knowledge about these parts of his life gives rise to his tragic downfall as the hero of Thebes. For instance, a messenger sent from Corinth visits Oedipus and Jocasta, from which they learn that King Polybus has died. His death was due to sickness, not at the hands of Oedipus, so they believe that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... A similar quote made by the author of Guardian of Lost Souls, Pamela Theresa Loertscher, says, Know thyself and all will be revealed. If one knows who they are, all truths must be revealed. This connects to Oedipus hamartia because in order to know who he really is, he had to reveal everything. In Oedipus the King, the truth about who his real parents are, how he was found, and who killed King Lauis were all revealed. The truth divulged the secret of Oedipus adoption, that his birth parents were King Laius and Queen Jocasta, and that he was the one to kill King Lauis. Although Oedipus was finally able to learn about who he really was, the divulgence of these truths caused harm. A known saying states that truth hurts, which relates to Oedipus because his lack of knowledge led to his downfall. Oedipus hamartia is that he does not know himself, and once he learns is when he meets his
• 23. What Is The Theme Of In High Dudgeon Poem or fate . There is none to listen to their wails. In this poem, the poet reflects on the blistering heat wave of 2015 that killed thousands. The people in Andhra are the worst sufferers of this calamity. The protagonist, in In High Dudgeon , sees a cat with a pigeon in its jaws a situation of imminent death. The spectacle makes him highly philosophic: Not able to live it s not possible even to die . Friends no longer continue to be friends and he murmurs a song from a famous Hindi film, Sangam: Dost dost naa rahaa pyaar pyaar naa rahaa . There is deception everywhere; even filial relations have become ungrateful. It also reminds him about daughters, who turn ingrateful like King Lear s daughters: Regan and Goneril. His mental state... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The poet has used his keen scalpel satirically to pierce the sensitivity of the insensitive politicians who rule and have the moral as well as constitutional responsibility to ameliorate the condition of the suffering populace in the country, in particular, and in the world, at large. It is often said that wisdom comes with age. The poems also have good pearls of wisdom for the younger generation to learn; if, and only if, they want to usher into a country Where the mind is without fear and the head is held high (Tagore 20). Of course, these poems are the pouring of a mature mind that has learnt so many lessons from age and experience, and now wants to advise and guide the generations to follow. It has been very pertinently said: the price of wisdom is above rubies (Old Testament, Job, xxviii, 18), and Wisdom is of the soul ... is its own proof (Walt Whitman, Song of the Open Road). However the greatest question is: Is our polity ready to accept it? The book has material worth several research articles besides jolting the sensibility of our insensitive people at the helm of affairs. The book exemplifies the truth that age can cripple body, not
• 24. Liberalism And Ligalitarianism Politics is often discussed on the basis or right and wrong, left and right, and is riddled with false dichotomies, when it really is a much more vivid and complex spectrum than that. There are many different systems of governments and competing ideologies, that are further then divided in their leanings and priorities. Of the first ideologies, Liberalism, is also subcategorized into different interpretations based on how much of liberty is attainable and a governmental presence there should be. It is divided into Classical Liberalism, Social Darwinism, Egalitarian Liberalism, Libertarianism, and Libertarian Anarchism. The reason there is much contention within Liberalism as an ideology on its own, is because all of these factions idealize... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... On the one hand, with the emergence of the nation state and theories of sovereignty in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, ideas of a distinctly public realm began to crystallize. On the other hand, in reaction to the claims of monarchs and, later, parliaments to the unrestrained power to make law, there developed a countervailing effort to stake out distinctively private spheres free from the encroaching power of the state. Natural rights theories were elaborated in the seventeenth century for the purpose of setting limits on state power, both over property and religious conscience(3). Many philosophers such as Locke, Miller, and Paine, and Kant argue for these rights due to the fact that there was a great social awakening and a growing urge to question the legitimacy of leadership. On these basis stood the foundation of classical liberalism. Classical Liberalism prioritizes above all things complete and total individual liberty. Believers in Classical Liberalism assert that it must be served in completeness because any lack of it creates citizens that are willingly dependent on the government. It is imperative to understand that Classical Liberalism does not call for complete anarchy or even no government at all like Libertarian Anarchists do, but rather a small government. Thomas Paine describes this idea as Society in every state is a blessing, but government even in its best state is but a necessary evil; in its worst
• 25. Animal-Assisted Therapy Essay In the field of therapy, there are numerous of therapy available out there for different type of individuals and situations as well. There is one type of therapy that usually contains people and animal, it is animal assisted therapy is a therapeutic approach that brings animals and individuals with physical and/or emotional needs together to perform the therapy. Animal assisted therapytend to be focused on individuals either children or elderly for them to be able to connect with the animal thus feeling comfortable talking with the therapist. Pet therapy works for all ages, whether sick or not (Lanchnit, 2011). Although, this paper, most of the focus is on animal assisted therapy towards children using dogs. Animal assisted therapy ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The animal also has to ensure to be kept up with veterinary checks and the shots are to date. The animal usually stick with one master to perform its job thus the master would own the animal as it is his or her own pet and co worker as well (Weston, 2010). The benefits of animal assisted therapy towards children varies, one of the benefits is to be able to bring out the best out of the child. The animal could connect with the child spiritually and could improve self esteem because the child would finally feel accepted by the animal (Weston, 2010) as this quote stated, A therapy dog may be the first creature who has listened and responded to the child with such enthusiasm and compassion. This can result in the child feeling heard and important (Pichot, 2007 cited in Weston, 2010). The animals are capable of taking the pressure off the child as s/he is going through a difficult experience and being forced to deal with people, the animal can take up the role of being the child s supporter. Animals can be used as a bribe because some children does not want to attend to therapy but is willing to show up because of the animal which is good because in the end the child would be able to receive the therapy s/he needs. Animals that are trained to be assisted therapy animal are capable of switching its beneficial roles to be able to comfort
• 26. Battered Woman s Syndrome Essay The Theories Behind Battered Woman s Syndrome (BWS) Focus Questions 1. How has BWS been used in the legal system 2. What are some of the controversies around BWS Battered Woman s Syndrome is a psychological theory which evolved in the late 1970 s, it was developed by Dr Lenore Walker, a leader in the field of domestic violence. In 1979 Walker conducted a study based on 120 random battered women in the region of Colorado, in order to develop ideas and possibly prove that there are similarities in the way that these women act due to their abuse. There are cases in which the Battered Woman has been led to kill her abuser (almost always her spouse), and the idea behind the study was to identify behavioral patterns, also comparing to the theory of learned helplessness to back up the concept. Ultimately the syndrome of BWS is pulled out in court so these women have some sense of defense as to why these actions may have occurred. Although there are many ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... As Walker is a feminist herself, we can identify how this has rubbed onto the study and why it exists. Their point of view is that over a period of time of abuse the victim will start to develop a set of behavioural patterns, for instance, depression and self isolation, disruptive memories and the inability to leave the relationship which refers to a previous study called Learned Helplessness, which is also applied to Battered Women. It is where a victim is unable to leave the relationship due to mental conditions that have developed, they believe that there is no hope for them outside of the relationship and feel so low about themselves that they don t reach out for help, nor do they think they need help. It is completely psychological and has been proved, even on animals. The animals where subject to several electric shocks in inescapable areas, after time, when there was an opportunity to escape they failed
• 27. What Is The Theme Of Cinderella people just think of books as a form of entertainment, but humans can actually learn from them. For example: Grimm s version of Cinderella, published in 1812, was a favorite tale among children in Germany. Disney s reproduction of Cinderella, published in 1950, was a popular movie among kids in America. Italys translation of Cinderella, published in 1885, was favored story among families in Italy. In each version of Cinderella, Grimm, Disney, and Italy one greater theme stands out among all others. In the Grimm story of Cinderella , there is one vital theme: hate and contempt will get you nowhere in life, when it is simple to be kind. Furthermore, here is some background information before the support to this theme. The king announced a festival for his prince to meet a bride, Cinderella s step mom says to her that she is not coming, she goes to the tree at her mother s grave and asks the dove there for the same beautiful dress every night, she meets the prince at the ball, loses her slipper, prince uses the slipper to find Cinderella, and she tries it on and gets engaged to the prince. In addition to the background information, the support to the theme is when at Cinderella s wedding, her step sisters get their eyes pecked out, of because of how mean they are to Cinderella(7). Now, this story was written in Germany in 1812. Correspondingly, the theme was important to kids during that time in Germany because they didn t have any type of entertainment during
• 28. Dunni Essay Gina Mansour English 111 1/24/2013 The Norton Reader Answers from On Dumpster Diving (pg. 28) 1. Eighner organizes his essay by breaking down how and why scavengers do what they do to survive. He begins his essay with how he became a scavenger and follows that with how to scavenge the best, safest way possible. He communicates how to choose the right dumpsters to dive into, how to determine if food is edible, and whether items are worth holding onto. I believe Eighner chose this type of organization throughout his essay to ease readers into the idea of scavenging through dumpsters. I feel like Eighner is almost trying to convince reader that s scavenging through dumpster is not that bad, so if he shed the activities in a positive ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Answers from Beauty: When the Other Dancer is the Self (pg.44) 1. Walker put the word accident in quotations throughout her essay because her getting shot in the eye by her brother s BB gun was not much of an accident. The story that was told to her parents suggested that a wire was responsible for her eye injury. I truly believe that Walker has come to peace with the accident and its consequences after her daughter had noticed her scar on her eye. She expressed her fear of the day her daughter would be old enough to notice her mother s face was different than everyone else s. Once her daughter had finally observed her physical flaw, she realized that it would not change how her daughter felt about her. 2. Throughout the essay, Walker chooses particular moments in her life to show how much she was affected by her injury throughout her entire life. She selects moments from different ages to show that time never healed how she felt about her injury. At every age, she came across moments that made her feel bad about the way she looked, whether it was from mean kids at school or taking a picture for a cover story. All the experiences she described related to her theme of not changing because although she was going through changes by growing up, her thoughts regarding her injury never did. Once she changed on the outside, she confidence about herself changed as well, so all the experiences she presented shows that she actually had
• 29. Beauty Definition Essay Is it possible to tell or call someone beautiful when meeting them for the first time? Most people judge beauty base on a person s physical appearance. However, true beauty sis base on a person s personality and a how a person treat someone else. The hardest thing is to describe beauty because everyone has their own views about beauty. In my opinion beauty has more to with the way someone see portray themselves. The expression beauty was first used in the 14th century as physical attractiveness, and also goodness, courtesy. The meaning of beauty also came from many places such as: Old French biaute beauty, seductiveness, beautiful person, and Latin bellus pretty, handsome, charming. For the most part, beauty was initially ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Young children come to adapt ways of thinking and feeling about physical beauty from their families first. The show Toddlers Tiaras is an example because it follows families of young contestants in child beauty pageants. Contestants moms train and force their young girls closely resemble their adult counterparts including waxing eyebrows and wearing heavy makeup. Thus, these young girls are shaped to think that beautiful outer look is the only thing to get them to win and gives them what they want. Especially Daisey Mae, an 8 year old pageant pro, said that Facial beauty is the most important thing, in life and in pageants. Beside families, the media plays a significant role in influencing people to view beauty as having good faces and sexy bodies. According to The Wound in the Face by Angela Carter, images from women s magazines give women the ideas of what beautiful faces and bodies are supposed to be looking like. To achieve beauty like models and celebrities, women usually waste tons of money in fixing themselves because they think their bodies are ugly and in need of a makeover. Carter refers to the burden of having to look beautiful which many women and even men today suffer. This burden is wearing heavy makeup masks to conceal their imperfect naked face, undergoing strict diets and painful plastic surgery. In some extreme cases, women even lose their own lives. Another example is the impact of television in
• 30. The Naturalist Argument Every person would like to think that they have free will as if we did not than our existence would be pointless. Expanding on the idea of free will is the core of a naturalist argument against that of an intelligent creator in a traditional Abrahamic sense that is omniscient. Taliaferro outlines this situation aptly stating that If God knows what you will do tomorrow, you cannot do otherwise. But if the future is fixed how can you be free? to outline the structure of the naturalist s point of view (Taliaferro, 34). For instance, if a God who was omniscient knew you were going to eat at the Reitz tomorrow is it really your choice to eat at the Reitz if this God knew you would eat there, and not at Chick fil a? The objection seems to be... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... One of the key benefits of the view that God exists outside of time is that it circumvents the issue of divine foreknowledge as what is past and future for us may be present to god. (Taliaferro, 40). In this view people would still possess free will as even though we perceive time as a line God may see it all at once. So, in our previous example of eating at the Reitz, a God with Divine eternality may know where you ate at yesterday, today, and tomorrow yet this God would possess this knowledge all at once outside of time, as opposed to knowing what you will do while in the past. From a classical theist perspective, this idea provides a strong response not only to the problem of divine foreknowledge, but it also enables the belief that God created time as God would exist outside of time itself. Middle Knowledge is another popular theist response to the problem of divine foreknowledge. Middle knowledge proposes that God is omniscient not because he knows what will happen, but that he knows the choices each living being would make in every circumstance. Middle knowledge escapes the problem of divine foreknowledge, and preserves an omniscient God in a unique
• 31. Chester Barnard Annotated Bibliography Chester Barnard s Contribution Chester Irving Barnard (1886В1961) was a data exchanges, authority and essayist of Functions of the Executive, a convincing twentieth century organization book, in which Barnard showed a speculation of association and the components of directors in associations. Two of his theories are particularly interesting: the theory of force and the speculation of helpers. Both are found in the association of a correspondence system that should be arranged in some vital guidelines: Chester Barnard: Believed that correspondence shapes the structure and inside economy of an association. He records 6 variables which support communication.1. Channels should be known not suggests that whatever channels of correspondence exist
• 32. How Campaigns Are Affected By Public Opinion Returning to the three original polls, these measures of public opinion are useful. Throughout the year, we have discussed how campaigns are affected by public opinion, especially because the debates had just begun. Right now, while candidates are trying to win their respective party nominations, they are going to try to appeal to the opinions of Republicans and Democrats separately. Hillary Clinton and Bernie Sanders are not trying to appeal to the same base as Donald Trumpand Jeb Bush. These polls are meaningful and candidates should be mindful of them, because people care about this issue. The three polls I have examined are similar in numbers, but there is a bit of disparity between the Hart Research Associates and Public Opinion Strategies and CBS News and the New York Times polland the poll done by Quinnipiac University. The percentage of respondents saying that there should be a pathway to citizenship in the poll collaborated on by Hart and Public Opinion Strategies was 47%, but 55% in the Quinnipiac poll, and 61% in the CBS /New York Times poll for the final days of July. A 14% difference seems to be a significant difference, especially when one number is not a majority of the population. Over the time of the debate period, the numbers have stayed in the upper 50s. For that reason, I think that these can be meaningful polls that represent the population as a whole. Overall, opinion seems to tend to be more in favor of letting people stay who came here
• 33. Mexican Wedding Ceremony Mexican Wedding I was fifteen years old when I first saw a wedding ceremony in Mexico. All the people in the church were happy and animated. Everybody was sitting and waiting for the bride to arrive. The groom looked nervous and excited. Finally the bride arrived to the church, everybody was clapping and smiling to her; it was so beautiful to see that two persons were about to join their lives forever. However, nobody could imagine all the effort that the couple did to make the ceremony wedding happen. When a couple wants to marry, the first step to do is to ask for the bride. In Mexico, the tradition is that the groom and his parents visit the family s bride. Usually the meeting is to have permission of her parents and to start planning ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... When the party ends the bride throws the bouquet of flowers to all her single friends, the tradition says that whoever catches the bouquet will be the next to marry. The couple leaves the party together heading to their honey moon. Every culture has their own traditions; Mexico is a country with a lot of them, with influence from catholic religion. A Mexican wedding is a hard and long process from the planning to the reception, but the most important thing is to enjoy the
• 34. Packington Working Conditions Along with the other hundreds of thousands workers in Packington, I experience the gruesome working conditions first hand. When I first arrived in Chicago with my extended family, I acquired the labor of painting advertisements on cans of meat, which was a job that paid me well. Most aspects in my life were going favorably well until the painting factory I worked for pressured their workers to paint cans quickly causing such an extraordinary amount of cans, the factory temporarily shut down. Once the supply of cans were running low, the factory reopened, but my wages were noticeably lower. Because I am invictus, I protested that I was being cheated out of a portion of my wages, which only led to me being fired. After a miserable month of being jobless and searching for anyway I could... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... If we try to change our working futures as individuals, we will never have the best lives we are capable of having, but if we unite as a union to stand up for what we believe in, we can successfully, positively define our futures. Without the union, the working citizens will always be treated like animals, but with the union, workers can one day be treated appropriately. One way in which the union will improve workers lives is by giving benefits, which means a worker take a day off of work without getting fired. This also means if someone happened to get hurt on the job, they could take as much time off as they needed, without their position being replaced. Furthermore, the union will secure workers with less working hours, so they have more time to spend with family and doing personal interests. Along with these examples of what the union will do, it will provide numerous other benefits not mentioned. Together, if we unite as one, we can create a higher quality and optimistic working future through the
• 35. Similarities Between Bordeaux And Burgundy From The Same... Introduction This paper will zero in on compare and contrast two different regions which are Bordeaux and Burgundy in the same field: location, Climate and Terroir, and Grapes. Discuss the early history of the development of each region, including the specific examples. Then review the location, Climate and Terroir, and Grapes that rank the wines as among the best in the world. To conclude, look into the future of each region to analyze prospects for continued success. The history of Bordeaux Wine The history of the Bordeaux wine region dates back to the ancient Romans who were the first people to cultivate, plant vineyards and produce Bordeaux wine. The Romans took over the area in about 60 BC, and it was starting to earn fame for its wines as far back as in 1152 when Henry of England wed Eleanor of Aquitaine, who controlled the region. The Bordeaux appellation was perfect for cultivating grapes for wine. It offered the unique combination of the right soil for growing grapes used in the production of wine coupled with easy access to the Garonne river, which was needed to help ship the wines. Because after a series of attacks on the city in 1206, greater freedom was granted, so it lead to the 12th century became the start of Bordeaux s golden age. Over the centuries winemakers of the region have mastered both the art of blending and have learnt to work with Bordeaux s unique climate and terrain to produce a wide diversity of reds, whites and roses all
• 36. Zyklon B The holocaust was a racist event that killed millions of Jews. The group of people that murdered all these people were called the Nazis. There leader was Adolf Hitler who blamed Germany s problems on the Jews. The main method of killing was gassing. Gassing vans were used because carbon monoxide was projected into inside of van (holocaust education.dk, ushmm.org). Zyklon B is used in pest control, but also in the holocaust, because it turns to a deadly gas when exposed to air (google.com). Gassing Chambers were rooms that were designed for killing Jews, Roma, and the disabled (holocaust education.dk). In five of the six extermination camps gas chambers were constructed with the single purpose of killing Jews, gypsies and other undesirables ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The Auschwitz concentration camp complex was the largest of its kind established by the Nazi regime. It included three main camps. All three camps used prisoners for forced labor. One of them also functioned for an extended period as a killing center. The camps were located approximately 37 miles west of Krakow. They were near the prewar German Polish border in Upper Silesia, an area that Nazi Germany annexed in 1939 after invading and conquering Poland
• 37. Text Message Abbreviations And Language Skills Essay If 1 wr 2 mk der paprz n txtese, wdnt it b g8 m8? Translation: If one were to compose their papers in text messaging lingo, wouldn t it be great mate? From my perspective and hopefully yours as well, the answer to that question would be a capitol no, with a sad face emote. The purpose of this study was to determine if students who texted in excess of fifty times per day displayed below average formal writing skills. PhD Nenagh Kemp from the School of Psychology located at the prestigious University of Tasmania, authored this Australian paper in an attempt to answer if texting has any correlation with writing and spelling: Text message abbreviations and language skills in high school and university students. Dr. Kemp predicts that after controlling for age and texting experience, textism use would predict a small but potentially significant amount of variance in scores of reading, spelling, and possibly also morphological awareness (Kemp, 2012). In contrast to my previous article review, Dr. Kemp placed a higher emphasis on using defined parameters, yielding clear, defined, and controlled data. Kemp stated, The aim of this study was thus to investigate textism use among high school and university students. Specifically, we examined the proportion of textisms, the number of textism categories produced and the consistency with which textisms were spelled, and whether any of these differed between written and texted messages. We also explored the nature of the relationships
• 38. Viva La Vida Coldplay Meaning If you had the choice to be a king, would you take it? The song Viva La Vida, by Coldplay, could possibly change your mind. The lyrics convey multiple messages about power and how easy it is to lose it. The public loved the song, and it stayed on top of the charts long after it was released. Many people who actually paid attention to the deeper meaning of the song learned something from it. There are many interpretations of the song, but the real meaning is about the Roman Catholic Church and King Louis XVI both having a lot of power, then losing it all. The bass guitarist, Guy Berryman, said that the song is a story about a king who s lost his kingdom, and all the albums artwork is based on the idea of revolutionaries and guerillas. It also foreshadows to multiple revolutions that have happened over the years. The song starts off by saying I used to rule the world, seas would rise when I gave the word, meaning he was once a king who had a tremendous amount of power. One minute I held the key, next the walls were closed on me, and i discovered that my castle stands upon pillars of salt and pillars of sand. (9 12) means that all of the power he had took control of his mind, making him do a lot of things he never should have, causing his reign to... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... It taught them about the importance of managing how you use the power you have, and not to let it consume you. It also shows that just because you do something because of your religion, doesn t mean it is always the right the to do. The lines For some reason I can t explain, I know Saint Peter won t call my name. Never an honest word, but that was when I ruled the world. (33 36) show that he fought in the name of Christianity, but he will not be able to enter the promise land because his intentions were deceptive and filled with lies. This song also taught us that we should always be suspicious of people in power, who seem to fight under religion, freedom,
• 39. The British were heavily involved in the colonization of... The British were heavily involved in the colonization of India but more so during their first years there which started at the beginning of the eighteenth century with the East India Trading Company. At first, the British were only part of India through this company and they gained complete control of India after the 1857 rebellion, the Great Rebellion, in which Britain became in complete control of India. Through the East India Trading Company, first receiving a grant when founded in 1600.1 This grant was given to them by the English which allowed them to trade with all of Asia thus almost doubling the areas of which to trade with. Soon the company became the main focal point by the British. However, as time went on the British became... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Once the Sepoy Rebellion had put down, there were other movements made to help the Indians gain control of their country and also to remove the British. The rise of Indian nationalism helped gain government positions for Indians in different bodies of legislation and even helped some Indians be elected to the British House of Commons.4 The India Muslim League also helped with putting Indians into power, and then there was Gandhi who the people of India regarded as their deliverer from the British. During British rule there were hardly any positive changes that happened. The railways were connected so that trading could happen throughout the whole country thus helping local merchants expand their trades.5 However, the increase of trade was probably the only good thing that happened. The British managed to get the Muslims and the Hindus to fight against one another, the British then slaughtered four hundred Indians in 1919, and they were eventually pushed out of India in 1947. The British were able to successful gain control, and colonize, India after the unsuccessful attempt by the Indians to gain independence through the Sepoy Rebellion. With this rebellion Queen Victoria crowned herself Empress of all India, the East India Trading Company was dissolved, and all power transferred to the British Trading Company. The Indians continued to resist through small movements such as Indian nationalism, India Muslim League, and then
• 40. The Origin Of Species By Charles Darwin Charles Darwin is perhaps one of the most well known men of science to this date. He s most known for his theory of evolution and in particular, natural selection. His most famous works, and one of his most controversial works as well, was his book titled On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. Darwin wrote the Origin of Species after an almost five year voyage aboard the H.M.S. Beagle. While aboard the beagle, Darwin was presented with many facts that appeared to shed some light on the origin of species . Darwin has contributed in many ways to the world of science, specifically the history of science. His works and theories can be found today in almost any historical science class. Darwin may not have been the first to talk about evolution, but he certainly is one of the most well known historians of science to have addressed the issue. In his book, The Origin of Species, Darwin described in detail how certain species evolve over time, as well as how his theory of natural selectionhas affected evolution. While on his voyage aboard the H.M.S. Beagle, Darwin observed the various typed of birds of the Galapagos Islands. While doing so, he discovered that the life forms native to those islands bore a striking resemblance to similar species living on nearby continents than to those living on more distant islands. From these observations, Darwin formed his theory of natural selection. In its
• 41. Differences Between Blade Runner And Blade Runner It is the 21st century, a new corporation has made robots that are nearly identical to humans. The police have hired bounty hunters whose job it is to shoot on sight. This is not called execution, it is called retirement. This is the opening crawl of Blade Runner but with a few changes to make it more vague. The changes are not just to prevent plagiarisation, they are to show the similarities between the movie and the book. Many people do not know that Blade Runneris inspired by the novel by Philip K. Dick: Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep. Both the book and the movie have many similarities, but there are also many differences. It is very clear that Blade Runner was only inspired by Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep due to the vast amount of differences between the two. In order to properly compare and contrast the two I will split this up into three sections. The first will discuss the characters, the second will discuss story elements, and the third will discuss the main questions that each pose. This begins the first section. The main similarities lie within the characters that are shared between the stories. In both mediums Deckard is a bounty hunterwho retires androids. Deckard knows what he is doing, but he also gets very lucky in both. He has a very professional demeanor and becomes less dedicated to eliminating the androids as the story progresses. Along with the similarities, there are also a lot of differences. In the book, Deckard has a wife named Iran,
• 42. Essay Issues and Ethics in The Helping Professions Critique of Issues and Ethics Themes in the Helping Professions Workers in the helping professions endure a massive amount of ethical and professional issues. These issues affect the practice of counseling and the relationship with the client. The book Issues and Ethics in the Helping Professions by Corey, Corey, and Hallanan gives many themes that one will encounter throughout their career. The book also gives possible solutions to problems and stimulates different ways to think about issues. The authors of this book provide good knowledge and information for anyone in the helping professions. One theme of the book that stands out is the counselor as a person and a professional. It is impossible to completely separate one s... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Also with regards to therapy for the counselor, it might be beneficial for a colleague to sit in on some sessions with the therapist to make sure their issues aren t affecting their counseling. It can never hurt to get feedback and other perspectives, especially if the therapist is struggling with personal or professional issues. Another beneficial theme of the book is values and the helping profession. A therapists values are part of who they are and it is difficult to ignore them. A complicated issue counselors have is keeping their values from influencing the client and realizing that their task is to help clients identify their beliefs and apply their values to solving problems (Corey et al., 2010). A good point made in this book was for a therapist and client to clarify their values. This way they both have an understanding of each other s values and could be able to recognize when value imposition is occurring. If value conflicts are occurring during therapy it would be a good idea to refer the client to someone who can better understand where the client is coming from. If referral is the only way, then perhaps the counselor should explore their values and involvement in therapy. Along with values is one s religious and spiritual beliefs. Corey et al. (2010) say that therapists should not act as if they are an expert in religion or push their beliefs onto the client. That is understandable but is it really that easy. Say for instance that a clients
• 43. Essay on The Delegation of Managers The Delegation of Managers The Oxford English Dictionary defines Delegation as The action of delivering or assigning a thing to a person or to a purpose. Delegation is very important in the Air Force and military in general. When managers do not delegate, they can become overwhelmed. The concept of delegation can be difficult to master. I was a Contracting Officer for 6 years. During that time, I not only saw delegation within the military structure but also to the contractors we employed. Delegation seems like an easy concept, but not everyone understands it and completes it with confidence. Some managers use delegation to ensure that they are not the only ones to blame in a failure. Some managers will delegate the difficult jobs ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... After market research was completed, we took over until the contract was negotiated and awarded to a company. At that point, most of the responsibility was delegatedto the Quality Assurance Advisor on service type contracts. This individual was in charge of inspecting the contractors and verifying that the work was completed. Each month, the contractor would submit an invoice for payment for that month. The Quality Assurance Advisor would have to sign off on the invoice to ensure that the work was completed and payment is justified. As a Contracting Officer, you are too busy with negotiating other contracts and ensuring that the contractual part of all the contracts are being adhered to. If there are problems, it is usually the Quality Assurance Advisor that brings it to our attention. We can amend the contract or give the contractor a notice, but we can t be at the site every day. For contracts for supplies, the customer requesting and receiving the supplies simply let us know when the item is received and correct. Once we are notified that the contract is complete, we release the payment to the contractor. This type of delegation is necessary for our office. The Quality Assurance Advisors must be recommended by their commander and go through a lot of training before they can claim that title. Some Quality Assurance Advisors are responsible for million dollar contracts.
• 44. Social Interaction At North Korea Sociology has always been the systematic study of social interaction at a variety of levels. For instance North Korea, the culture, politics, education, religion, health and medicine vary differently here in the United States. Escape From Camp 14 and The Orphan s Master Son are two of the books that have provided me with a large amount of information on North Korea. North Korea has a population of 24.9 million people. The founder of North Korea Kim Il Sung, created the country s policy of juche also knows as self reliance. This has made North Korea where they rely souly on themselves. There are very few people in North Korea that are allowed to own motor vehicles. If you are in the government and military officials it is legal for you to own or operate a vehicle. Marajuana, in North Korea is not considered a drug and it recommended to many citizens. People in North Korea are not allowed to have access to anything in the outside world, such as TV, cable, Internet, and cellphones. Culture is learned or shared behaviors, beliefs, values, and material objects that characterize a particular group or society. Escape From Camp 14 shows the culture that Shin lives in is one of which someone in the US today would not have to experience. Shin grew up in a prison camp due to what his family that came before him had done. He lived every day of his life working and starving to death, Believing that there was no other way to life than how he was living. In the book Shin says, ...the
• 45. The Development of Religious Archetecture in New Kingdom... The expansion of the political and economical power during the New kingdom, led to the devotion of resources to the religious architecture; numerous new temples were constructed while the pre existing temples were renovated. Individual Pharaohs endeavored to out do their ancestors, not only in the construction of their own mortuary temples, but also in the establishment of worship temples of their deities. Kings of this period abandoned the pyramid complexity of the earlier ages and constructed their tombs in the Valley of the Kings well away from their mortuary temples due to the increase of robbers; therefore a standardized plan became default for both the worship and mortuary temples. Because of this movement, I believe that the divine... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The turning point of the New Kingdom s architecture was during the reign of Akhenaten, which took place during the Amarna period. During this era, the sun god Aten became superior over all the gods, thus leading to the abolition of the former gods that caused Egypt to have a polytheistic religion. Traditional temples became neglected, whilst Aten temples of differing sharper construction emerged. Although none of the temples of this period survived due to the ravages of later kings, yet (image 7) portrays that the Amarna temples did not follow along the traditional footsteps of previous architecture, instead they were smaller in size, with sanctuaries open to the sun for the direct worship of Aten, with no doors and a large number of altars. During the reign that followed, of Amehotep III and Ramses II, the monotheistic religion returned and many noted changes took place. The tendency of huge royal statues and funerary temples were a common feature as well as the gradual yielding to columns with plant motifs and Osiride pillars, completely transformed the atmosphere of the temples interior. A complete alternation in the interiors of the great halls and courtyards of the temples resulted from the change of supports, columns. Image 8 portrays the evolution of papyrus columns, from the 5th dynasty all the way through the 20th. During the 18th dynasty, the
• 46. The Causes Of World War II The Causes of World War II: The seeds of world war II lies in the instability created by world war I. particularly the instability in Germany in the economic and political conditions due to the harshness of the Versailles treaty and as a result the rise of Adolf Hitler and his Nazi party The effects of the treaty of Versailles: The treaty of Versailles harshness was one of the main causes for the outbreak of World War II. It began in 1919 when Lloyd George of England, Orlando of Italy, Clemenceau of France and Woodrow Wilson from the US met to discuss how Germany will pay for the devastation it cause in World War II. Woodrow Wilson wanted a treaty based on his 14 point hoping that this will bring peace to Europe. Georges Clemenceau ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... They adopted the policy of strong government and control over the economy. By 1935, Mussolini was the dictator of Italy. Fascism was embraced in Germany by the National Socialist German Workers Party, also known as the Nazis. They were advocating the superiority of the German race. On January 1933 Hitler was appointed in a powerful position. Hitler s actions (remilitarization): Adolf Hitler became Chancellor of Germany in January 1933.and began to build up the German army. In 1934 he increased the size of the army and the military service became obligatory. Although France and Britain were aware of these actions, they did not behave against it because they were concerned about the spread of communism in Europe and they thought that if Germany became strong. It will be able to prevent the spread of communism. Hitler also made two major alliances during 1936. The first was called the Rome Berlin Axis Pact and with Mussolini s Italy. The second was called the Anti Comitern Pact with Japan. Hitler s plan was to take back all the territories that had been taken away from Germany. In March 1938, German forces occupied Austria. The Austrian leader hold a referendum asking the people whether they
• 47. Case Study Of The Melamine Milk Crisis In China Preventative crises occur again and again for various reasons. One of the main reasons is because managers and top level business executives desire for profits without regard to sound moral principles (Crandall, Parnell, Spillan, 2014). Unfortunately, this in itself can trigger an organizational crisis. This problem appears in many forms, but the results are usually the same: an organizational crisis of some type, stakeholders who have been hurt, and prevention that would have cost pennies in comparison to the damage done (Crandall et al., 2014). A classic case of unethical decision making and lack of crisis management concerns the MelamineMilk Crisis in China. This case begins with a Chinese company, the Sanlu Group, who was purchasing milk for use in its baby formula. Over time employees of the Sanlu Group discovered the milk their company was purchasing, was tainted with melamine (Crandall et al., 2014). Melamine is a product generally used to make plastics and laminates. Unfortunately, management personnel working for the Sanlu Group was unaware of the tainted substance being illegally added to the milk. However, the melamine product is a life threatening product that can cause kidney stones and renal failure once it is consumed. Although the melamine boosted the protein rating of the milk, it was illegally added to the milk (Crandall et al., 2014). Still unaware of the danger the melamine laced milk was causing to infants, the Sanlu Group continued to purchase the
• 48. The Sea Wolf by Jack London 1 The Themes of The Sea Wolf The Sea Wolf by Jack London can often be seen as a controversial book. It mentions several highly disputed topics such as: morals, religion, and death. Throughout his life the aim and strategy that he used for his books often reflected his past life experiences. His once hard life enabled him to gather extraordinary details into his books that authors were often not privileged to use. The characters one encounters through the various novels, and especially The Sea Wolf are also based off real people that London had met throughout his life. These themes as displayed in the storyline express the hardships of life during the 1800s and on. They portray what people had to do to not only simply get by, but to survive. Jack London s story of his life is an indeed interesting one; going from an average boy with thoughts of various adventures to one of the most influential writers in the United States. Jack London was born as Griffith Chaney on January 12, 1876, in San Francisco, CA. Jack was the son of a unmarried woman, Flora Wellman and William Chaney who was an attorney, journalist and active in the field of astrology. Throughout his childhood his father was never involved with his life. Which contributes to the fact that many of his books revolve around surviving when death seems certain, or one working hard for himself. When Jack was still a young boy, his mother married John London, who was a Civil War veteran. He moved around with his
• 49. Cuban Embargo The embargo on the Cuban American trade was first placed on March of 1958 when Cuba first announced itself as a communist nation. The Kennedy and Eisenhower administration placed the embargo based on their disapproval of the Castro regimes in Cuba and the restriction of Human rights within the country. In 1962, during the Cuban Missile Crisis, the embargo strengthened as the U.S. started to view Cuba as one of its enemies of the Cold War. By now, the U.S. has placed a total embargo, meaning all things Cuban can t enter American and all thing American cannot be exported into Cuba. This embargo was met with approval from both sides of the government and has survived till the present day. The end of the second Great War and the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... should lift its embargo on the Cuban American trade. He believes, like Obama, that lifting this embargo will create a better economic relationship between the two countries but believes that the two countries shouldn t have a strong diplomatic bond. He believes that illegal immigrants should stay out of America and shouldn t enter just because their families reside in the country. Hilary, on the other side, agrees fully with President Obama. She believes that lifting the embargo will provide the U.S. with new opportunities and will restore the economic status of the country. She believes that the stronger diplomatic relationship between the two countries will also allow them to work together in the future to solve greater problems.
• 50. Overall, the relationship between Cuba and America has been a complicated one since the Cold War but over the years, it has slowly become better. Because of that, President Obama has recently suggested lifting the ban on the Cuban American trade and this statement has caused numerous politicians like Trump and Clinton to express their own views and further the discussion of the situation. The conflict is still being
• 51. Pom+ Status Report Project Number: 4aProject manager: Project priority now: 1 Status as of: July 16, 2015 Earned value figures: PVEVACSVCVBACVACf $691,040.00 $497,369.33 $571,200.00 ($193,670.67) ($73,830.67) $1,692,000.00 1,371,965.74 EACVACEACfCPIPCIBPCICTCPI 1,943,171.73($251,171.73)3,063,965.74.8707.2939.29391.07 Project description: Big Kola Company is a soda company which has been slowly losing business to specialized fruit drink markets. In an effort to actively compete with them and regain their customers the CEO has requested that they venture into that market. After much research they have decided on three high margin antioxidant based drinks. They include: cranberry, blueberry,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... With the Need Survey being the only item that started on time it ending late triggered this extension. Project Activities Performance: After analyzing these factors it s fair to judge what went well and what didn t. On the positive side, the project started on time with regards to the Need Survey . In addition the item Nutrition Report was under budget by $1,900, which represents a savings for the project that could either be allocated elsewhere or simply counted as additional funds. When considering factors that didn t go well as far as schedule the project took a steep hit. While the initial item started on time, it ended two days later than was initially planned. This meant that Set product Specs was 2 days late starting. With this project each line item has a predecessor. This means that they cannot start until the previous item is finished. With this every portion of the project was late starting and threw the entire project off. With regards to the cost Need Survey was over budgeted by $6,400 and Set product spec was over budgeted by $11,520. Within the Big Kola Project there were a number of calculations that needed to be made to fully analyze the earned value and other key deciding factor for the success of the project as well as completion of the status report. пѓ PCIB: Percent Complete Index = EV (Earned Value) BAC (Budget Cost at Completion) =$497,369 =