example of conclusion of essay

17 Essay Conclusion Examples (Copy and Paste)

Chris Drew (PhD)

Dr. Chris Drew is the founder of the Helpful Professor. He holds a PhD in education and has published over 20 articles in scholarly journals. He is the former editor of the Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education. [Image Descriptor: Photo of Chris]

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Essay conclusions are not just extra filler. They are important because they tie together your arguments, then give you the chance to forcefully drive your point home.

I created the 5 Cs conclusion method to help you write essay conclusions:

I’ve previously produced the video below on how to write a conclusion that goes over the above image.

The video follows the 5 C’s method ( you can read about it in this post ), which doesn’t perfectly match each of the below copy-and-paste conclusion examples, but the principles are similar, and can help you to write your own strong conclusion:

💡 New! Try this AI Prompt to Generate a Sample 5Cs Conclusion This is my essay: [INSERT ESSAY WITHOUT THE CONCLUSION]. I want you to write a conclusion for this essay. In the first sentence of the conclusion, return to a statement I made in the introduction. In the second sentence, reiterate the thesis statement I have used. In the third sentence, clarify how my final position is relevant to the Essay Question, which is [ESSAY QUESTION]. In the fourth sentence, explain who should be interested in my findings. In the fifth sentence, end by noting in one final, engaging sentence why this topic is of such importance.

Remember: The prompt can help you generate samples but you can’t submit AI text for assessment. Make sure you write your conclusion in your own words.

Essay Conclusion Examples

Below is a range of copy-and-paste essay conclusions with gaps for you to fill-in your topic and key arguments. Browse through for one you like (there are 17 for argumentative, expository, compare and contrast, and critical essays). Once you’ve found one you like, copy it and add-in the key points to make it your own.

1. Argumentative Essay Conclusions

The arguments presented in this essay demonstrate the significant importance of _____________. While there are some strong counterarguments, such as ____________, it remains clear that the benefits/merits of _____________ far outweigh the potential downsides. The evidence presented throughout the essay strongly support _____________. In the coming years, _____________ will be increasingly important. Therefore, continual advocacy for the position presented in this essay will be necessary, especially due to its significant implications for _____________.

Version 1 Filled-In

The arguments presented in this essay demonstrate the significant importance of fighting climate change. While there are some strong counterarguments, such as the claim that it is too late to stop catastrophic change, it remains clear that the merits of taking drastic action far outweigh the potential downsides. The evidence presented throughout the essay strongly support the claim that we can at least mitigate the worst effects. In the coming years, intergovernmental worldwide agreements will be increasingly important. Therefore, continual advocacy for the position presented in this essay will be necessary, especially due to its significant implications for humankind.

As this essay has shown, it is clear that the debate surrounding _____________ is multifaceted and highly complex. While there are strong arguments opposing the position that _____________, there remains overwhelming evidence to support the claim that _____________. A careful analysis of the empirical evidence suggests that _____________ not only leads to ____________, but it may also be a necessity for _____________. Moving forward, _____________ should be a priority for all stakeholders involved, as it promises a better future for _____________. The focus should now shift towards how best to integrate _____________ more effectively into society.

Version 2 Filled-In

As this essay has shown, it is clear that the debate surrounding climate change is multifaceted and highly complex. While there are strong arguments opposing the position that we should fight climate change, there remains overwhelming evidence to support the claim that action can mitigate the worst effects. A careful analysis of the empirical evidence suggests that strong action not only leads to better economic outcomes in the long term, but it may also be a necessity for preventing climate-related deaths. Moving forward, carbon emission mitigation should be a priority for all stakeholders involved, as it promises a better future for all. The focus should now shift towards how best to integrate smart climate policies more effectively into society.

Based upon the preponderance of evidence, it is evident that _____________ holds the potential to significantly alter/improve _____________. The counterarguments, while noteworthy, fail to diminish the compelling case for _____________. Following an examination of both sides of the argument, it has become clear that _____________ presents the most effective solution/approach to _____________. Consequently, it is imperative that society acknowledge the value of _____________ for developing a better  _____________. Failing to address this topic could lead to negative outcomes, including _____________.

Version 3 Filled-In

Based upon the preponderance of evidence, it is evident that addressing climate change holds the potential to significantly improve the future of society. The counterarguments, while noteworthy, fail to diminish the compelling case for immediate climate action. Following an examination of both sides of the argument, it has become clear that widespread and urgent social action presents the most effective solution to this pressing problem. Consequently, it is imperative that society acknowledge the value of taking immediate action for developing a better environment for future generations. Failing to address this topic could lead to negative outcomes, including more extreme climate events and greater economic externalities.

See Also: Examples of Counterarguments

On the balance of evidence, there is an overwhelming case for _____________. While the counterarguments offer valid points that are worth examining, they do not outweigh or overcome the argument that _____________. An evaluation of both perspectives on this topic concludes that _____________ is the most sufficient option for  _____________. The implications of embracing _____________ do not only have immediate benefits, but they also pave the way for a more _____________. Therefore, the solution of _____________ should be actively pursued by _____________.

Version 4 Filled-In

On the balance of evidence, there is an overwhelming case for immediate tax-based action to mitigate the effects of climate change. While the counterarguments offer valid points that are worth examining, they do not outweigh or overcome the argument that action is urgently necessary. An evaluation of both perspectives on this topic concludes that taking societal-wide action is the most sufficient option for  achieving the best results. The implications of embracing a society-wide approach like a carbon tax do not only have immediate benefits, but they also pave the way for a more healthy future. Therefore, the solution of a carbon tax or equivalent policy should be actively pursued by governments.

2. Expository Essay Conclusions

Overall, it is evident that _____________ plays a crucial role in _____________. The analysis presented in this essay demonstrates the clear impact of _____________ on _____________. By understanding the key facts about _____________, practitioners/society are better equipped to navigate _____________. Moving forward, further exploration of _____________ will yield additional insights and information about _____________. As such, _____________ should remain a focal point for further discussions and studies on _____________.

Overall, it is evident that social media plays a crucial role in harming teenagers’ mental health. The analysis presented in this essay demonstrates the clear impact of social media on young people. By understanding the key facts about the ways social media cause young people to experience body dysmorphia, teachers and parents are better equipped to help young people navigate online spaces. Moving forward, further exploration of the ways social media cause harm will yield additional insights and information about how it can be more sufficiently regulated. As such, the effects of social media on youth should remain a focal point for further discussions and studies on youth mental health.

To conclude, this essay has explored the multi-faceted aspects of _____________. Through a careful examination of _____________, this essay has illuminated its significant influence on _____________. This understanding allows society to appreciate the idea that _____________. As research continues to emerge, the importance of _____________ will only continue to grow. Therefore, an understanding of _____________ is not merely desirable, but imperative for _____________.

To conclude, this essay has explored the multi-faceted aspects of globalization. Through a careful examination of globalization, this essay has illuminated its significant influence on the economy, cultures, and society. This understanding allows society to appreciate the idea that globalization has both positive and negative effects. As research continues to emerge, the importance of studying globalization will only continue to grow. Therefore, an understanding of globalization’s effects is not merely desirable, but imperative for judging whether it is good or bad.

Reflecting on the discussion, it is clear that _____________ serves a pivotal role in _____________. By delving into the intricacies of _____________, we have gained valuable insights into its impact and significance. This knowledge will undoubtedly serve as a guiding principle in _____________. Moving forward, it is paramount to remain open to further explorations and studies on _____________. In this way, our understanding and appreciation of _____________ can only deepen and expand.

Reflecting on the discussion, it is clear that mass media serves a pivotal role in shaping public opinion. By delving into the intricacies of mass media, we have gained valuable insights into its impact and significance. This knowledge will undoubtedly serve as a guiding principle in shaping the media landscape. Moving forward, it is paramount to remain open to further explorations and studies on how mass media impacts society. In this way, our understanding and appreciation of mass media’s impacts can only deepen and expand.

In conclusion, this essay has shed light on the importance of _____________ in the context of _____________. The evidence and analysis provided underscore the profound effect _____________ has on _____________. The knowledge gained from exploring _____________ will undoubtedly contribute to more informed and effective decisions in _____________. As we continue to progress, the significance of understanding _____________ will remain paramount. Hence, we should strive to deepen our knowledge of _____________ to better navigate and influence _____________.

In conclusion, this essay has shed light on the importance of bedside manner in the context of nursing. The evidence and analysis provided underscore the profound effect compassionate bedside manner has on patient outcome. The knowledge gained from exploring nurses’ bedside manner will undoubtedly contribute to more informed and effective decisions in nursing practice. As we continue to progress, the significance of understanding nurses’ bedside manner will remain paramount. Hence, we should strive to deepen our knowledge of this topic to better navigate and influence patient outcomes.

See More: How to Write an Expository Essay

3. Compare and Contrast Essay Conclusion

While both _____________ and _____________ have similarities such as _____________, they also have some very important differences in areas like _____________. Through this comparative analysis, a broader understanding of _____________ and _____________ has been attained. The choice between the two will largely depend on _____________. For example, as highlighted in the essay, ____________. Despite their differences, both _____________ and _____________ have value in different situations.

While both macrosociology and microsociology have similarities such as their foci on how society is structured, they also have some very important differences in areas like their differing approaches to research methodologies. Through this comparative analysis, a broader understanding of macrosociology and microsociology has been attained. The choice between the two will largely depend on the researcher’s perspective on how society works. For example, as highlighted in the essay, microsociology is much more concerned with individuals’ experiences while macrosociology is more concerned with social structures. Despite their differences, both macrosociology and microsociology have value in different situations.

It is clear that _____________ and _____________, while seeming to be different, have shared characteristics in _____________. On the other hand, their contrasts in _____________ shed light on their unique features. The analysis provides a more nuanced comprehension of these subjects. In choosing between the two, consideration should be given to _____________. Despite their disparities, it’s crucial to acknowledge the importance of both when it comes to _____________.

It is clear that behaviorism and consructivism, while seeming to be different, have shared characteristics in their foci on knowledge acquisition over time. On the other hand, their contrasts in ideas about the role of experience in learning shed light on their unique features. The analysis provides a more nuanced comprehension of these subjects. In choosing between the two, consideration should be given to which approach works best in which situation. Despite their disparities, it’s crucial to acknowledge the importance of both when it comes to student education.

Reflecting on the points discussed, it’s evident that _____________ and _____________ share similarities such as _____________, while also demonstrating unique differences, particularly in _____________. The preference for one over the other would typically depend on factors such as _____________. Yet, regardless of their distinctions, both _____________ and _____________ play integral roles in their respective areas, significantly contributing to _____________.

Reflecting on the points discussed, it’s evident that red and orange share similarities such as the fact they are both ‘hot colors’, while also demonstrating unique differences, particularly in their social meaning (red meaning danger and orange warmth). The preference for one over the other would typically depend on factors such as personal taste. Yet, regardless of their distinctions, both red and orange play integral roles in their respective areas, significantly contributing to color theory.

Ultimately, the comparison and contrast of _____________ and _____________ have revealed intriguing similarities and notable differences. Differences such as _____________ give deeper insights into their unique and shared qualities. When it comes to choosing between them, _____________ will likely be a deciding factor. Despite these differences, it is important to remember that both _____________ and _____________ hold significant value within the context of _____________, and each contributes to _____________ in its own unique way.

Ultimately, the comparison and contrast of driving and flying have revealed intriguing similarities and notable differences. Differences such as their differing speed to destination give deeper insights into their unique and shared qualities. When it comes to choosing between them, urgency to arrive at the destination will likely be a deciding factor. Despite these differences, it is important to remember that both driving and flying hold significant value within the context of air transit, and each contributes to facilitating movement in its own unique way.

See Here for More Compare and Contrast Essay Examples

4. Critical Essay Conclusion

In conclusion, the analysis of _____________ has unveiled critical aspects related to _____________. While there are strengths in _____________, its limitations are equally telling. This critique provides a more informed perspective on _____________, revealing that there is much more beneath the surface. Moving forward, the understanding of _____________ should evolve, considering both its merits and flaws.

In conclusion, the analysis of flow theory has unveiled critical aspects related to motivation and focus. While there are strengths in achieving a flow state, its limitations are equally telling. This critique provides a more informed perspective on how humans achieve motivation, revealing that there is much more beneath the surface. Moving forward, the understanding of flow theory of motivation should evolve, considering both its merits and flaws.

To conclude, this critical examination of _____________ sheds light on its multi-dimensional nature. While _____________ presents notable advantages, it is not without its drawbacks. This in-depth critique offers a comprehensive understanding of _____________. Therefore, future engagements with _____________ should involve a balanced consideration of its strengths and weaknesses.

To conclude, this critical examination of postmodern art sheds light on its multi-dimensional nature. While postmodernism presents notable advantages, it is not without its drawbacks. This in-depth critique offers a comprehensive understanding of how it has contributed to the arts over the past 50 years. Therefore, future engagements with postmodern art should involve a balanced consideration of its strengths and weaknesses.

Upon reflection, the critique of _____________ uncovers profound insights into its underlying intricacies. Despite its positive aspects such as ________, it’s impossible to overlook its shortcomings. This analysis provides a nuanced understanding of _____________, highlighting the necessity for a balanced approach in future interactions. Indeed, both the strengths and weaknesses of _____________ should be taken into account when considering ____________.

Upon reflection, the critique of marxism uncovers profound insights into its underlying intricacies. Despite its positive aspects such as its ability to critique exploitation of labor, it’s impossible to overlook its shortcomings. This analysis provides a nuanced understanding of marxism’s harmful effects when used as an economic theory, highlighting the necessity for a balanced approach in future interactions. Indeed, both the strengths and weaknesses of marxism should be taken into account when considering the use of its ideas in real life.

Ultimately, this critique of _____________ offers a detailed look into its advantages and disadvantages. The strengths of _____________ such as __________ are significant, yet its limitations such as _________ are not insignificant. This balanced analysis not only offers a deeper understanding of _____________ but also underscores the importance of critical evaluation. Hence, it’s crucial that future discussions around _____________ continue to embrace this balanced approach.

Ultimately, this critique of artificial intelligence offers a detailed look into its advantages and disadvantages. The strengths of artificial intelligence, such as its ability to improve productivity are significant, yet its limitations such as the possibility of mass job losses are not insignificant. This balanced analysis not only offers a deeper understanding of artificial intelligence but also underscores the importance of critical evaluation. Hence, it’s crucial that future discussions around the regulation of artificial intelligence continue to embrace this balanced approach.

This article promised 17 essay conclusions, and this one you are reading now is the twenty-first. This last conclusion demonstrates that the very best essay conclusions are written uniquely, from scratch, in order to perfectly cater the conclusion to the topic. A good conclusion will tie together all the key points you made in your essay and forcefully drive home the importance or relevance of your argument, thesis statement, or simply your topic so the reader is left with one strong final point to ponder.

• Chris Drew (PhD) https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/chris-drew-phd-2/ 10 Reasons you’re Perpetually Single
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• Chris Drew (PhD) https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/chris-drew-phd-2/ 21 Montessori Homeschool Setups
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Condensing a 1,000-plus-word essay into a neat little bundle may seem like a Herculean task. You must summarize all your findings and justify their importance within a single paragraph. 

But, when you discover the formula for writing a conclusion paragraph, things get much simpler! 

But, how to write a conclusion paragraph for an essay, and more importantly, how to make it impactful enough? Through this article, we will walk you through the process of constructing a powerful conclusion that leaves a lingering impression on readers’ minds. We will also acquaint you with essay conclusion examples for different types of essays. 

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Let’s start from the beginning: How can you write a conclusion for an essay?

How to write a conclusion for an essay

In order to write an effective conclusion, you must first understand what is a conclusion in an essay. It is not just the summary of the main points of your essay. A well-written conclusion effectively ties together the main ideas of your essay and also pays heed to their broader implications. The objectives of your concluding paragraph are as follows:

• Highlight the significance of your essay topic
• Tie together the key points of your essay
• Leave the reader with something to ponder about

A good essay conclusion begins with a modified thesis statement that is altered on the basis of the information stated throughout the essay. It then ties together all the main points of the essay and ends with a clincher that highlights the broader implications of your thesis statement. 

Now that we’ve understood the basics of how to conclude an essay, let’s understand the key aspects of a good conclusion paragraph. 

1. Restating your thesis statement

If you want to understand how to start a conclusion, you must realize that involves more than just restating the thesis statement word for word. Your thesis statement needs to be updated and expanded upon as per the information provided in your essay. 

There are many ways to start a conclusion. One such method could be to start with the revised version of your thesis statement that hints to the significance of your argument. After this, your conclusion paragraph can organically move on to your arguments in the essay. 

Let’s take a look at an effective way of writing a conclusion for an essay:

If the following claim is your thesis statement:

Virtual reality (VR) is undeniably altering the perception of reality by revolutionizing various industries, reshaping human experiences, and challenging traditional notions of what is real.

The restated thesis statement will be as follows: 

Our analysis has substantiated the claim that virtual reality (VR) is significantly transforming the way we perceive reality. It has revolutionized industries, reshaped human experiences, and challenged traditional notions of reality.

2. Tying together the main points

Tying together all the main points of your essay does not mean simply summarizing them in an arbitrary manner. The key is to link each of your main essay points in a coherent structure. One point should follow the other in a logical format.

The goal is to establish how each of these points connects to the message of your essay as a whole. You can also take the help of powerful quotes or impactful reviews to shed a unique light on your essay. 

Let’s take a look at an example:

VR presents a new paradigm where the distinction between the real and the virtual becomes increasingly blurred. As users dive into immersive virtual worlds, they are confronted with questions about the nature of reality, perception, and the boundaries of human consciousness. 

3. Constructing an impactful conclusion

Most of us are confused about how to end an essay with a bang. The answer is quite simple! The final line of your essay should be impactful enough to create a lasting impression on the reader. More importantly, it should also highlight the significance of your essay topic. This could mean the broader implications of your topic, either in your field of study or in general.

Optionally, you could also try to end your essay on an optimistic note that motivates or encourages the reader. If your essay is about eradicating a problem in society, highlight the positive effects achieved by the eradication of that problem. 

Here’s an example of how to end an essay:

In a world where virtual boundaries dissolve, VR is the catalyst that reshapes our perception of reality, forever altering the landscape of the human experience.

Here’s a combined version of all three aspects:

Our analysis has substantiated the claim that Virtual Reality (VR) is significantly transforming how we perceive reality. It has revolutionized industries, reshaped human experiences, and challenged traditional notions of reality. It presents a new paradigm where the distinction between the real and the virtual becomes increasingly blurred. As users dive into immersive virtual worlds, they are confronted with questions about the nature of reality, perception, and the boundaries of human consciousness. In a world where virtual boundaries dissolve, it is the catalyst that reshapes our perception of reality, forever altering the landscape of the human experience.

Now that we’ve understood the structure of a concluding paragraph, let’s look at what to avoid while writing a conclusion. 

What to avoid in your conclusion paragraph

When learning how to write a conclusion for an essay, you must also know what to avoid. You want to strengthen your argument with the help of a compelling conclusion paragraph, and not undermine it by confusing the reader. 

Let’s take a look at a few strategies to avoid in your essay conclusion:

1. Avoid including new evidence

The conclusion should not introduce new information but rather strengthen the arguments that are already made. If you come across any unique piece of information regarding your essay topic, accommodate it into your body paragraphs rather than stuffing it into your conclusion.

Including new, contradictory information in the concluding paragraph not only confuses the reader but also weakens your argument. You may include a powerful quote that strengthens the message of your essay, or an example that sheds light on the importance of your argument. However, this does not include introducing a completely new argument or making a unique point.

2. Avoid the use of concluding phrases

Your conclusion should hint towards your essay coming to an end, instead of blatantly stating the obvious. Blatant concluding statements undermine the quality of your essay, making it clumsy and amateurish. They also significantly diminish the quality of your arguments. 

It is a good idea to avoid the following statements while concluding your essay:

• In conclusion,
• In summary,

While using these statements may not be incorrect per se, hinting towards a conclusion creates a better impression on the reader rather than blatantly stating it. 

Here are more effective statements you could use:

• Let this essay serve as a catalyst for…
• As we navigate the intricacies of this multifaceted topic, remember…
• As I bid farewell to this subject…

3. Don’t undermine your argument

Although there might be several points of view regarding your essay topic, it is crucial that you stick to your own. You may have stated and refuted other points of view in your body paragraphs. 

However, your conclusion is simply meant to strengthen your main argument. Mentioning other points of view in your essay conclusion, not only weakens your argument but also creates a poor impression of your essay.

Here are a few phrases you should avoid in your essay conclusion:

• There are several methods to approach this topic.
• There are plenty of good points for both sides of the argument.
• There is no clear solution to this problem.

Examples of essay conclusions

Different types of essays make use of different forms of conclusions. The critical question of “how to start a conclusion paragraph” has many different answers. To help you further, we’ve provided a few good conclusions for essays that are based on the four main essay types.

1. Narrative essay conclusion

The following essay conclusion example elaborates on the narrator’s unique experience with homeschooling.

• Restated thesis statement
• Body paragraph summary
• Closing statement

My experience with homeschooling has been a journey that has shaped me in profound ways. Through the challenges and triumphs, I have come to appreciate the unique advantages and personal growth that homeschooling can offer. As I reflect on my journey, I am reminded of the transformative power of this alternative education approach. It has empowered me to take ownership of my education, nurture my passions, and develop skills that extend far beyond the confines of academic achievement. Whether in traditional classrooms or homeschooling environments, it is through embracing and nurturing the unique potential within each of us that we can truly thrive and make a lasting impact on the world.

2. Descriptive essay conclusion

The following essay conclusion example elaborates on the narrator’s bond with their cat.

The enchanting presence that my cat has cannot be ignored, captivating my heart with her grace, charm, and unconditional love. Through the moments of playfulness, companionship, and affection, she has become an irreplaceable member of my family. As I continue to cherish the memories and lessons learned from her, I am reminded of the extraordinary power of the human-animal bond. In their company, we find solace, companionship, and a love that transcends words. In a world that can be challenging and tumultuous, never underestimate the profound impact that animals can have on our lives. In their presence, not only do we find love but also a profound sense of connection.

3. Argumentative essay conclusion

Here’s an essay conclusion example that elaborates on the marginalization of, and acute intolerance towards, LGBTQ+ individuals. 

The journey toward equality for LGBTQ+ individuals is an ongoing battle that demands our unwavering commitment to justice and inclusion. It is evident that while progress has been made, the journey toward equality for these individuals is far from complete. It demands our continued advocacy, activism, and support for legislative change, societal acceptance, and the creation of inclusive environments. The struggle for LGBTQ+ equality is a fight for the very essence of human dignity and the recognition of our shared humanity. It is a battle that requires our collective efforts, determination, and an unyielding belief in the fundamental principles of equality and justice.

4. Expository essay conclusion

This example of an essay conclusion revolves around a psychological phenomenon named the bandwagon effect and examines its potential ill effects on society:

The bandwagon effect in psychology is a fascinating phenomenon that sheds light on the powerful influence of social conformity on individual behavior and decision-making processes. This effect serves as a reminder of the inherently social nature of human beings and the power of social influence in shaping our thoughts, attitudes, and actions. It underscores the importance of critical thinking, individual autonomy, and the ability to resist the pressure of conformity. By understanding its mechanisms and implications, we can guard against its potential pitfalls and actively foster independent thought and decision-making, also contributing to a more enlightened and progressive society.

Now that you’ve taken a closer look at different conclusions for essays, it’s time to put this knowledge to good use. If you need to take your essay up a notch and score high, professional essay editing services are your best bet.

Happy writing!

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How to Write a Conclusion for an Essay

The conclusion is the final paragraph of your writing, and it holds significant weight. It allows you to leave a lasting impression on the reader. But how to write a conclusion that effectively summarizes your points and resonates with your audience? 

This article will guide you through the process of crafting a strong conclusion paragraph, step by step. Our term paper writers will break down the key elements and provide clear examples to illustrate each point. By following these steps and referencing the examples, you'll be well on your way to writing impactful conclusions that leave your reader feeling satisfied and informed.

What Is a Conclusion

Conclusion in an essay is the final paragraph or section that wraps up the main points and provides closure to the piece.

Imagine it as the bridge that connects your ideas to a broader significance. A well-crafted conclusion does more than simply summarize; it elevates your points and offers a sense of closure, ensuring the reader leaves with a clear understanding of your argument's impact. In the next section, you will find conclusion ideas that you could use for your essay.

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How to Write a Conclusion

A powerful conclusion not only summarizes but also reinforces your message and leaves a lasting impression. Here's a breakdown of how to write a conclusion for an essay:

• Restate Your Thesis: Briefly remind the reader of your central point. Don't simply copy and paste your thesis statement, but rephrase it using different words.
• Summarize Key Points: Revisit the main arguments or evidence you presented throughout your writing. This reminds the reader of the journey you took them on and ensures they grasp the core takeaways.
• Avoid Introducing New Information: The conclusion is not the place to introduce brand new ideas. Stick to summarizing and reinforcing the existing points.
• End on a Strong Note: Go beyond a simple summary. You can add a final thought, pose a question to spark further reflection, or highlight the significance of your topic.

Read more: Persuasive essay outline . 

The Purpose of a Conclusion

As you already understand, the conclusion paragraph serves a critical function in your writing. It serves as a final push to solidify your message in your readers’ minds. It's also your opportunity to:

• Remind the reader of your central point (thesis) and the key arguments or evidence used to support it. 
• Use this space to offer a final thought, pose a question that prompts further pondering, or emphasize the significance of your topic.

Remember, a concluding paragraph should NOT:

• Introduce New Information: The conclusion is not the place for brand new ideas. Its purpose lies in wrapping up and reinforcing what you've already established.
• Stray from the Thesis: Don't introduce arguments or evidence not discussed earlier in your writing. Maintain focus on the core message you've been building throughout your work.

How Long Should a Conclusion Paragraph Be

Generally, the ideal length depends on the overall length and complexity of your essay. However, it is not the sole factor. A well-written conclusion of 3 sentences can be far more effective than a rambling one that drags on for multiple paragraphs. 

Here are some general guidelines can help you achieve a balance when writing a conclusion:

• In most cases, you can effectively summarize your points and leave a lasting impression within 3-5 sentences.
• Prioritize delivering a clear and impactful message over unnecessary elaboration.
• Proportion matters. A lengthy research paper might warrant a slightly longer conclusion (think 5-7 sentences) to adequately address all the main points. Conversely, a shorter piece like a blog post might require a more concise conclusion (2-4 sentences).

Conclusion Transition Words

The right transition word can smoothly bridge the gap between your main body of text and your conclusion. Here are some transition words for conclusion categorized by their purpose:

7 Tips for Writing a Conclusion

Having grasped the core functions and structure of a conclusion paragraph, let's check out some practical tips to elevate your closing statements. Here are 7 effective strategies to consider from our dissertation writer :

• Vary Your Sentence Structure: Avoid a monotonous string of simple sentences. Use a mix of sentence structures (short, long, complex) to create a more engaging rhythm.
• Connect to the Introduction: For a cohesive feel, subtly tie your conclusion back to your introduction. You can reference an opening question you posed or revisit a key image you mentioned. Consider this tip especially when unsure how to start a conclusion.
• Embrace Figurative Language (Sparingly): There are different conclusion ideas but a well-placed metaphor or simile can help leave a lasting impression. However, use figurative language strategically and avoid clichés.
• Appeal to the Reader's Emotions: Did your writing highlight a pressing issue? Consider evoking emotions relevant to your topic when you want to know how to write a conclusion paragraph that tugs at the reader's heartstrings.
• Consider a Quote (if Relevant): A powerful quote from a credible source can add authority and depth to your essay conclusion. Ensure the quote aligns with your thesis and enhances your message.
• End with a Strong Call to Action (Optional): If your purpose is to persuade or inspire action, conclude with a clear call to action. Tell your reader exactly what you want them to do next.
• Proofread and Revise: Just like any other part of your writing, proofread your conclusion carefully. Ensure clarity and a smooth flow between your main body of text and the closing statement.

By this time, you already know how to write a conclusion for an essay. However, if you still need further guidance, buy essay from our expert writers anytime!

Do’s and Don’ts of Essay Conclusion

Let's now look at some simple tips from our online paper writing service to help you avoid common mistakes when writing a conclusion.

Conclusion Paragraph Examples

Here are three conclusion paragraph examples showcasing how powerful closings are crafted.

Recommended for reading: Nursing essay examples .

In closing, a strong conclusion is a must-have for any piece of writing. It reminds your reader of your main point and leaves them with a lasting impression. Here are some key things to reflect on how to write a good conclusion:

• Restate your thesis in a fresh way.
• Mention your key arguments.
• Leave a lasting thought or question.
• Consider your audience and tailor your ending to them.
• End with a strong statement.

Remember, a good conclusion is not merely about wrapping things up but rather about making your writing truly impactful.

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How To Write A Conclusion For An Essay?

How to write a good conclusion, how to write a conclusion for a college essay.

Daniel Parker

is a seasoned educational writer focusing on scholarship guidance, research papers, and various forms of academic essays including reflective and narrative essays. His expertise also extends to detailed case studies. A scholar with a background in English Literature and Education, Daniel’s work on EssayPro blog aims to support students in achieving academic excellence and securing scholarships. His hobbies include reading classic literature and participating in academic forums.

is an expert in nursing and healthcare, with a strong background in history, law, and literature. Holding advanced degrees in nursing and public health, his analytical approach and comprehensive knowledge help students navigate complex topics. On EssayPro blog, Adam provides insightful articles on everything from historical analysis to the intricacies of healthcare policies. In his downtime, he enjoys historical documentaries and volunteering at local clinics.

• Updated writing tips.
• Added informative tables.
• Added conclusion example.
• Added an article conclusion.
• Essay Conclusions | UMGC. (n.d.). University of Maryland Global Campus. https://www.umgc.edu/current-students/learning-resources/writing-center/writing-resources/writing/essay-conclusions
• How to Write a Conclusion for an Essay | BestColleges. (n.d.). BestColleges.com. https://www.bestcolleges.com/blog/how-to-write-a-conclusion/
• Ending the Essay: Conclusions | Harvard College Writing Center. (n.d.). https://writingcenter.fas.harvard.edu/pages/ending-essay-conclusions

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How to Conclude an Essay (with Examples)

Last Updated: July 22, 2024 Fact Checked

Writing a Strong Conclusion

What to avoid, brainstorming tricks.

This article was co-authored by Jake Adams and by wikiHow staff writer, Aly Rusciano . Jake Adams is an academic tutor and the owner of Simplifi EDU, a Santa Monica, California based online tutoring business offering learning resources and online tutors for academic subjects K-College, SAT & ACT prep, and college admissions applications. With over 14 years of professional tutoring experience, Jake is dedicated to providing his clients the very best online tutoring experience and access to a network of excellent undergraduate and graduate-level tutors from top colleges all over the nation. Jake holds a BS in International Business and Marketing from Pepperdine University. There are 8 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. This article has been viewed 3,220,123 times.

So, you’ve written an outstanding essay and couldn’t be more proud. But now you have to write the final paragraph. The conclusion simply summarizes what you’ve already written, right? Well, not exactly. Your essay’s conclusion should be a bit more finessed than that. Luckily, you’ve come to the perfect place to learn how to write a conclusion. We’ve put together this guide to fill you in on everything you should and shouldn’t do when ending an essay. Follow our advice, and you’ll have a stellar conclusion worthy of an A+ in no time.

Tips for Ending an Essay

• Rephrase your thesis to include in your final paragraph to bring the essay full circle.
• End your essay with a call to action, warning, or image to make your argument meaningful.
• Keep your conclusion concise and to the point, so you don’t lose a reader’s attention.
• Do your best to avoid adding new information to your conclusion and only emphasize points you’ve already made in your essay.

• “All in all”
• “Ultimately”
• “Furthermore”
• “As a consequence”
• “As a result”

• Make sure to write your main points in a new and unique way to avoid repetition.

• Let’s say this is your original thesis statement: “Allowing students to visit the library during lunch improves campus life and supports academic achievement.”
• Restating your thesis for your conclusion could look like this: “Evidence shows students who have access to their school’s library during lunch check out more books and are more likely to complete their homework.”
• The restated thesis has the same sentiment as the original while also summarizing other points of the essay.

• “When you use plastic water bottles, you pollute the ocean. Switch to using a glass or metal water bottle instead. The planet and sea turtles will thank you.”
• “The average person spends roughly 7 hours on their phone a day, so there’s no wonder cybersickness is plaguing all generations.”
• “Imagine walking on the beach, except the soft sand is made up of cigarette butts. They burn your feet but keep washing in with the tide. If we don’t clean up the ocean, this will be our reality.”
• “ Lost is not only a show that changed the course of television, but it’s also a reflection of humanity as a whole.”
• “If action isn’t taken to end climate change today, the global temperature will dangerously rise from 4.5 to 8 °F (−15.3 to −13.3 °C) by 2100.”

• Focus on your essay's most prevalent or important parts. What key points do you want readers to take away or remember about your essay?

• For instance, instead of writing, “That’s why I think that Abraham Lincoln was the best American President,” write, “That’s why Abraham Lincoln was the best American President.”
• There’s no room for ifs, ands, or buts—your opinion matters and doesn’t need to be apologized for!

• For instance, words like “firstly,” “secondly,” and “thirdly” may be great transition statements for body paragraphs but are unnecessary in a conclusion.

• For instance, say you began your essay with the idea that humanity’s small sense of sense stems from space’s vast size. Try returning to this idea in the conclusion by emphasizing that as human knowledge grows, space becomes smaller.

• For example, you could extend an essay on the television show Orange is the New Black by bringing up the culture of imprisonment in America.

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• ↑ https://www.uts.edu.au/current-students/support/helps/self-help-resources/grammar/transition-signals
• ↑ https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/common_writing_assignments/argument_papers/conclusions.html
• ↑ http://writing2.richmond.edu/writing/wweb/conclude.html
• ↑ https://writingcenter.fas.harvard.edu/pages/ending-essay-conclusions
• ↑ https://www.pittsfordschools.org/site/handlers/filedownload.ashx?moduleinstanceid=542&dataid=4677&FileName=conclusions1.pdf
• ↑ https://www.cuyamaca.edu/student-support/tutoring-center/files/student-resources/how-to-write-a-good-conclusion.pdf
• ↑ https://library.sacredheart.edu/c.php?g=29803&p=185935

About This Article

To end an essay, start your conclusion with a phrase that makes it clear your essay is coming to a close, like "In summary," or "All things considered." Then, use a few sentences to briefly summarize the main points of your essay by rephrasing the topic sentences of your body paragraphs. Finally, end your conclusion with a call to action that encourages your readers to do something or learn more about your topic. In general, try to keep your conclusion between 5 and 7 sentences long. For more tips from our English co-author, like how to avoid common pitfalls when writing an essay conclusion, scroll down! Did this summary help you? Yes No

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Conclusions

What this handout is about.

This handout will explain the functions of conclusions, offer strategies for writing effective ones, help you evaluate conclusions you’ve drafted, and suggest approaches to avoid.

About conclusions

Introductions and conclusions can be difficult to write, but they’re worth investing time in. They can have a significant influence on a reader’s experience of your paper.

Just as your introduction acts as a bridge that transports your readers from their own lives into the “place” of your analysis, your conclusion can provide a bridge to help your readers make the transition back to their daily lives. Such a conclusion will help them see why all your analysis and information should matter to them after they put the paper down.

Your conclusion is your chance to have the last word on the subject. The conclusion allows you to have the final say on the issues you have raised in your paper, to synthesize your thoughts, to demonstrate the importance of your ideas, and to propel your reader to a new view of the subject. It is also your opportunity to make a good final impression and to end on a positive note.

Your conclusion can go beyond the confines of the assignment. The conclusion pushes beyond the boundaries of the prompt and allows you to consider broader issues, make new connections, and elaborate on the significance of your findings.

Your conclusion should make your readers glad they read your paper. Your conclusion gives your reader something to take away that will help them see things differently or appreciate your topic in personally relevant ways. It can suggest broader implications that will not only interest your reader, but also enrich your reader’s life in some way. It is your gift to the reader.

Strategies for writing an effective conclusion

One or more of the following strategies may help you write an effective conclusion:

• Play the “So What” Game. If you’re stuck and feel like your conclusion isn’t saying anything new or interesting, ask a friend to read it with you. Whenever you make a statement from your conclusion, ask the friend to say, “So what?” or “Why should anybody care?” Then ponder that question and answer it. Here’s how it might go: You: Basically, I’m just saying that education was important to Douglass. Friend: So what? You: Well, it was important because it was a key to him feeling like a free and equal citizen. Friend: Why should anybody care? You: That’s important because plantation owners tried to keep slaves from being educated so that they could maintain control. When Douglass obtained an education, he undermined that control personally. You can also use this strategy on your own, asking yourself “So What?” as you develop your ideas or your draft.
• Return to the theme or themes in the introduction. This strategy brings the reader full circle. For example, if you begin by describing a scenario, you can end with the same scenario as proof that your essay is helpful in creating a new understanding. You may also refer to the introductory paragraph by using key words or parallel concepts and images that you also used in the introduction.
• Synthesize, don’t summarize. Include a brief summary of the paper’s main points, but don’t simply repeat things that were in your paper. Instead, show your reader how the points you made and the support and examples you used fit together. Pull it all together.
• Include a provocative insight or quotation from the research or reading you did for your paper.
• Propose a course of action, a solution to an issue, or questions for further study. This can redirect your reader’s thought process and help them to apply your info and ideas to their own life or to see the broader implications.
• Point to broader implications. For example, if your paper examines the Greensboro sit-ins or another event in the Civil Rights Movement, you could point out its impact on the Civil Rights Movement as a whole. A paper about the style of writer Virginia Woolf could point to her influence on other writers or on later feminists.

Strategies to avoid

• Beginning with an unnecessary, overused phrase such as “in conclusion,” “in summary,” or “in closing.” Although these phrases can work in speeches, they come across as wooden and trite in writing.
• Stating the thesis for the very first time in the conclusion.
• Introducing a new idea or subtopic in your conclusion.
• Ending with a rephrased thesis statement without any substantive changes.
• Making sentimental, emotional appeals that are out of character with the rest of an analytical paper.
• Including evidence (quotations, statistics, etc.) that should be in the body of the paper.

Four kinds of ineffective conclusions

• The “That’s My Story and I’m Sticking to It” Conclusion. This conclusion just restates the thesis and is usually painfully short. It does not push the ideas forward. People write this kind of conclusion when they can’t think of anything else to say. Example: In conclusion, Frederick Douglass was, as we have seen, a pioneer in American education, proving that education was a major force for social change with regard to slavery.
• The “Sherlock Holmes” Conclusion. Sometimes writers will state the thesis for the very first time in the conclusion. You might be tempted to use this strategy if you don’t want to give everything away too early in your paper. You may think it would be more dramatic to keep the reader in the dark until the end and then “wow” them with your main idea, as in a Sherlock Holmes mystery. The reader, however, does not expect a mystery, but an analytical discussion of your topic in an academic style, with the main argument (thesis) stated up front. Example: (After a paper that lists numerous incidents from the book but never says what these incidents reveal about Douglass and his views on education): So, as the evidence above demonstrates, Douglass saw education as a way to undermine the slaveholders’ power and also an important step toward freedom.
• The “America the Beautiful”/”I Am Woman”/”We Shall Overcome” Conclusion. This kind of conclusion usually draws on emotion to make its appeal, but while this emotion and even sentimentality may be very heartfelt, it is usually out of character with the rest of an analytical paper. A more sophisticated commentary, rather than emotional praise, would be a more fitting tribute to the topic. Example: Because of the efforts of fine Americans like Frederick Douglass, countless others have seen the shining beacon of light that is education. His example was a torch that lit the way for others. Frederick Douglass was truly an American hero.
• The “Grab Bag” Conclusion. This kind of conclusion includes extra information that the writer found or thought of but couldn’t integrate into the main paper. You may find it hard to leave out details that you discovered after hours of research and thought, but adding random facts and bits of evidence at the end of an otherwise-well-organized essay can just create confusion. Example: In addition to being an educational pioneer, Frederick Douglass provides an interesting case study for masculinity in the American South. He also offers historians an interesting glimpse into slave resistance when he confronts Covey, the overseer. His relationships with female relatives reveal the importance of family in the slave community.

Works consulted

We consulted these works while writing this handout. This is not a comprehensive list of resources on the handout’s topic, and we encourage you to do your own research to find additional publications. Please do not use this list as a model for the format of your own reference list, as it may not match the citation style you are using. For guidance on formatting citations, please see the UNC Libraries citation tutorial . We revise these tips periodically and welcome feedback.

Douglass, Frederick. 1995. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself. New York: Dover.

Hamilton College. n.d. “Conclusions.” Writing Center. Accessed June 14, 2019. https://www.hamilton.edu//academics/centers/writing/writing-resources/conclusions .

Holewa, Randa. 2004. “Strategies for Writing a Conclusion.” LEO: Literacy Education Online. Last updated February 19, 2004. https://leo.stcloudstate.edu/acadwrite/conclude.html.

You may reproduce it for non-commercial use if you use the entire handout and attribute the source: The Writing Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Make a Gift

In a short paper—even a research paper—you don’t need to provide an exhaustive summary as part of your conclusion. But you do need to make some kind of transition between your final body paragraph and your concluding paragraph. This may come in the form of a few sentences of summary. Or it may come in the form of a sentence that brings your readers back to your thesis or main idea and reminds your readers where you began and how far you have traveled.

So, for example, in a paper about the relationship between ADHD and rejection sensitivity, Vanessa Roser begins by introducing readers to the fact that researchers have studied the relationship between the two conditions and then provides her explanation of that relationship. Here’s her thesis: “While socialization may indeed be an important factor in RS, I argue that individuals with ADHD may also possess a neurological predisposition to RS that is exacerbated by the differing executive and emotional regulation characteristic of ADHD.”

In her final paragraph, Roser reminds us of where she started by echoing her thesis: “This literature demonstrates that, as with many other conditions, ADHD and RS share a delicately intertwined pattern of neurological similarities that is rooted in the innate biology of an individual’s mind, a connection that cannot be explained in full by the behavioral mediation hypothesis.”  

Highlight the “so what”  

At the beginning of your paper, you explain to your readers what’s at stake—why they should care about the argument you’re making. In your conclusion, you can bring readers back to those stakes by reminding them why your argument is important in the first place. You can also draft a few sentences that put those stakes into a new or broader context.

In the conclusion to her paper about ADHD and RS, Roser echoes the stakes she established in her introduction—that research into connections between ADHD and RS has led to contradictory results, raising questions about the “behavioral mediation hypothesis.”

She writes, “as with many other conditions, ADHD and RS share a delicately intertwined pattern of neurological similarities that is rooted in the innate biology of an individual’s mind, a connection that cannot be explained in full by the behavioral mediation hypothesis.”  

Leave your readers with the “now what”  

After the “what” and the “so what,” you should leave your reader with some final thoughts. If you have written a strong introduction, your readers will know why you have been arguing what you have been arguing—and why they should care. And if you’ve made a good case for your thesis, then your readers should be in a position to see things in a new way, understand new questions, or be ready for something that they weren’t ready for before they read your paper.

In her conclusion, Roser offers two “now what” statements. First, she explains that it is important to recognize that the flawed behavioral mediation hypothesis “seems to place a degree of fault on the individual. It implies that individuals with ADHD must have elicited such frequent or intense rejection by virtue of their inadequate social skills, erasing the possibility that they may simply possess a natural sensitivity to emotion.” She then highlights the broader implications for treatment of people with ADHD, noting that recognizing the actual connection between rejection sensitivity and ADHD “has profound implications for understanding how individuals with ADHD might best be treated in educational settings, by counselors, family, peers, or even society as a whole.”

To find your own “now what” for your essay’s conclusion, try asking yourself these questions:

• What can my readers now understand, see in a new light, or grapple with that they would not have understood in the same way before reading my paper? Are we a step closer to understanding a larger phenomenon or to understanding why what was at stake is so important?  
• What questions can I now raise that would not have made sense at the beginning of my paper? Questions for further research? Other ways that this topic could be approached?  
• Are there other applications for my research? Could my questions be asked about different data in a different context? Could I use my methods to answer a different question?  
• What action should be taken in light of this argument? What action do I predict will be taken or could lead to a solution?  
• What larger context might my argument be a part of?  

What to avoid in your conclusion  

• a complete restatement of all that you have said in your paper.  
• a substantial counterargument that you do not have space to refute; you should introduce counterarguments before your conclusion.  
• an apology for what you have not said. If you need to explain the scope of your paper, you should do this sooner—but don’t apologize for what you have not discussed in your paper.  
• fake transitions like “in conclusion” that are followed by sentences that aren’t actually conclusions. (“In conclusion, I have now demonstrated that my thesis is correct.”)
• picture_as_pdf Conclusions

How to Write a Good Conclusion Paragraph (+30 Examples)

A good conclusion paragraph is the lasting impression you want to leave with your reader.

Here is a quick summary of how to write a good conclusion paragraph:

Write a good conclusion paragraph by summarizing key points, restating your thesis, and providing a final thought or call to action. Ensure it wraps up your main ideas, reinforces your argument, and leaves the reader with something to ponder.

This ultimate guide will walk you through the steps to craft an effective conclusion, along with 30 examples to inspire you.

5 Steps for Writing a Good Conclusion Paragraph

Table of Contents

There are five main steps to writing a good conclusion.

Let’s go through each step

1. Understand the Purpose

The conclusion is your final opportunity to leave an impact.

It should tie together your main ideas, reinforce your message, and give the reader a sense of closure.

Wrap Up Your Main Ideas

The conclusion should succinctly wrap up the main points of your writing. Think of it as a summary that captures the essence of your arguments without going into detailed explanations.

This helps reinforce what you have discussed and ensures that the reader remembers the core message.

Reinforce Your Thesis

Your thesis statement is the foundation of your writing.

In the conclusion, restate it in a new way to reinforce your central argument. This reminds the reader of the purpose of your writing and underscores its significance.

Give a Sense of Closure

A good conclusion gives a sense of closure to the reader. It signals that the discussion has come to an end and that all points have been addressed. This helps the reader feel that the piece is complete and that their time was well-spent.

Leave the Reader with Something to Think About

The best conclusions go beyond merely summarizing the content.

They leave the reader with a final thought or reflection that stays with them. This could be a call to action, a prediction about the future, or a thought-provoking question that encourages further reflection on the topic.

2. Summarize Key Points

Briefly summarize the key points discussed in the body of your text.

Avoid introducing new information. This helps the reader recall the main ideas.

Brief Summary

The summary should be concise and to the point. Highlight the main ideas discussed in your writing without going into detailed explanations. This helps refresh the reader’s memory of your key points.

Avoid New Information

Introducing new information in the conclusion can confuse the reader. The conclusion is not the place to present new arguments or data. Stick to summarizing what has already been discussed.

Recall Main Ideas

Summarizing the key points helps the reader recall the main ideas of your writing. This reinforces the message and ensures that the reader takes away the most important information from your piece.

“In conclusion, adopting sustainable practices, reducing waste, and promoting renewable energy are essential steps towards a greener future.”

3. Restate the Thesis

Restate your thesis in a new way. This reinforces your argument without sounding repetitive.

Restate, Don’t Repeat

Restating the thesis means expressing it in a new way.

Avoid repeating it verbatim.

Instead, rephrase it to reinforce your argument and show that you have successfully argued your point throughout the piece.

Reinforce the Argument

Restating the thesis helps reinforce your central argument. It reminds the reader of the purpose of your writing and underscores its significance.

Provide Closure Restating the thesis in the conclusion gives a sense of closure.

It signals that the discussion has come full circle and that you have addressed your initial argument.

“By implementing these strategies, we can significantly reduce our carbon footprint and protect our planet for future generations.”

4. Provide a Final Thought

Offer a final thought or reflection to leave a lasting impression. This could be a call to action, a prediction, or a thought-provoking question.

Final Thought or Reflection

A final thought or reflection can leave a lasting impression on the reader.

It shows that you are not just summarizing your points but also offering a deeper insight or perspective.

Call to Action

A call to action encourages the reader to take the next step.

It motivates them to act based on the information or arguments presented in your writing.

Prediction or Question

A prediction about the future or a thought-provoking question can engage the reader and encourage further reflection. This leaves the reader with something to think about even after they have finished reading.

“As we move forward, it’s crucial to remember that every small effort counts. Together, we can make a difference.”

5. Use a Call to Action (if applicable)

If your piece is meant to persuade or encourage action, include a call to action. This motivates the reader to take the next step.

Motivate the Reader

A call to action motivates the reader to take the next step.

It encourages them to act based on the information or arguments presented in your writing.

Encourage Action

Including a call to action is especially important in persuasive writing. It encourages the reader to act on the information provided and make a change or take a specific action.

Provide Clear Steps

A good call to action provides clear steps for the reader to follow.

It should be specific and actionable, guiding the reader on what to do next.

“Join us in making a positive change. Start today by reducing your plastic use and spreading awareness about environmental conservation.”

Check out this video about how to write a good conclusion:

How to Write a Good Conclusion for an Essay

Writing a good conclusion for an essay involves summarizing your main points, restating your thesis, and providing a final thought or reflection.

Here’s how:

• Summarize Main Points : Briefly recap the key points discussed in the body of your essay.
• Restate Thesis : Paraphrase your thesis statement to reinforce your argument.
• Final Thought : Offer a final insight, question, or call to action to leave a lasting impression.

This approach ensures your essay feels complete and leaves the reader with a clear understanding of your argument.

How to Write a Good Conclusion for an Argumentative Essay

A strong conclusion for an argumentative essay should not only summarize the main points and restate the thesis but also emphasize the importance of your argument.

Follow these steps:

• Summarize Arguments : Briefly outline the main arguments presented.
• Restate Thesis : Rephrase your thesis to highlight its significance.
• Address Counterarguments : Acknowledge opposing viewpoints and reinforce why your argument is stronger.
• Call to Action : Encourage the reader to take action or reconsider their position.

How to Write a Good Conclusion for a Research Paper

Crafting a good conclusion for a research paper involves summarizing your findings, discussing their implications, and suggesting future research.

Here’s a guide:

• Summarize Findings : Recap the key results of your research.
• Discuss Implications : Explain the significance of your findings and how they contribute to the field.
• Restate Research Question : Reiterate the research question and how your findings address it.
• Suggest Future Research : Propose areas for further investigation.

This format provides a comprehensive and thoughtful conclusion that underscores the importance of your research and its potential impact.

30 Examples of Good Conclusion Paragraphs

Let’s explore some good examples of good conclusions.

Example 1: Environmental Essay

“In conclusion, the preservation of our natural resources is not just a necessity but a responsibility we owe to future generations. By taking small steps today, we can ensure a healthier planet tomorrow.”

Example 2: Technology Article

“As we embrace the advancements in technology, it is vital to remain vigilant about privacy and security. Staying informed and proactive can help us navigate the digital landscape safely.”

Example 3: Health and Wellness Blog

“Ultimately, achieving a balanced lifestyle requires dedication and mindfulness. By prioritizing our well-being, we can lead healthier and more fulfilling lives.”

Example 4: Business Report

“In summary, the market analysis indicates a positive trend for our product. With strategic planning and execution, we can capitalize on these opportunities and drive growth.”

Example 5: Education Essay

“In the end, fostering a love for learning in students is the key to their success. By creating engaging and supportive educational environments, we can inspire the next generation of leaders.”

Example 6: Travel Blog

“To conclude, exploring new destinations enriches our lives and broadens our perspectives. Embrace the adventure and discover the beauty of our world.”

Example 7: Personal Development Article

“In the final analysis, personal growth is a lifelong journey. Embrace challenges, learn from experiences, and continue striving to become the best version of yourself.”

Example 8: Marketing Case Study

“In closing, the data clearly shows that targeted marketing strategies significantly improve customer engagement and sales. By refining our approach, we can achieve even greater success.”

Example 9: Historical Analysis

“In conclusion, the events of the past continue to shape our present and future. Understanding history is essential to making informed decisions and avoiding past mistakes.”

Example 10: Scientific Research Paper

“Ultimately, the findings of this study contribute to our understanding of the subject and open the door for further research. Continued exploration in this field is vital for advancing knowledge.”

Example 11: Political Commentary

“In the end, civic engagement is crucial for a functioning democracy. Stay informed, participate in discussions, and exercise your right to vote.”

Example 12: Fashion Blog

“To wrap up, fashion is a powerful form of self-expression. Embrace your unique style and let your wardrobe reflect your personality.”

Example 13: Food Blog

“In conclusion, cooking at home not only saves money but also allows you to experiment with flavors and ingredients. Start your culinary journey today and discover the joys of homemade meals.”

Example 14: Sports Article

“Ultimately, teamwork and perseverance are the foundations of success in sports. Keep pushing your limits and strive for excellence on and off the field.”

Example 15: Literature Analysis

“In summary, the themes explored in this novel resonate with readers and offer valuable insights into the human condition. Its timeless message continues to inspire and provoke thought.”

Example 16: Parenting Blog

“In the end, raising children requires patience, love, and commitment. Cherish the moments, and remember that every effort you make shapes their future.”

Example 17: Finance Article

“To conclude, financial planning is essential for securing your future. Start today by setting clear goals and creating a budget that aligns with your aspirations.”

Example 18: Career Advice Blog

“In conclusion, building a successful career takes time and dedication. Stay focused, seek opportunities for growth, and never stop learning.”

Example 19: Fitness Blog

“Ultimately, regular exercise and a balanced diet are key to maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Stay motivated, and remember that every step counts towards your fitness goals.”

Example 20: DIY Blog

“In summary, DIY projects are a rewarding way to personalize your space and learn new skills. Get creative and start your next project today.”

Example 21: Relationship Advice

“In the end, strong relationships are built on communication, trust, and mutual respect. Nurture your connections and strive for harmony in your interactions.”

Example 22: Pet Care Blog

“To wrap up, responsible pet ownership involves understanding your pet’s needs and providing them with a loving home. Invest in their well-being, and they’ll reward you with unconditional love.”

Example 23: Environmental Science Paper

“In conclusion, addressing climate change requires global cooperation and immediate action. Every effort counts, and together we can create a sustainable future.”

Example 24: Technology Review

“Ultimately, this gadget offers impressive features that enhance convenience and efficiency. Consider it for your next tech upgrade.”

Example 25: Psychology Article

“In summary, understanding human behavior is crucial for improving mental health and well-being. Continue exploring this fascinating field for more insights.”

Example 26: Gardening Blog

“In the end, gardening is a therapeutic and rewarding hobby that connects us with nature. Start your garden today and enjoy the benefits of fresh produce and beautiful blooms.”

Example 27: Home Improvement Article

“To conclude, home improvement projects can significantly enhance your living space and increase property value. Plan carefully and enjoy the transformation.”

Example 28: Social Media Marketing

“In conclusion, effective social media marketing requires consistency, creativity, and engagement. Develop a strategy that resonates with your audience and watch your brand grow.”

Example 29: Automotive Review

“Ultimately, this vehicle combines performance, style, and safety. Take it for a test drive and experience its capabilities firsthand.”

Example 30: Music Blog

“In summary, music has the power to evoke emotions and bring people together. Explore different genres and find the soundtrack to your life.”

Tips for Writing a Strong Conclusion

Here are some simple but good tips for writing a powerful conclusion:

• Keep it Concise – A good conclusion should be short and to the point. Avoid unnecessary details and focus on wrapping up your main ideas.
• Use Clear Language – Ensure your language is clear and easy to understand. Avoid jargon and complex sentences.
• Be Consistent – Maintain the same tone and style as the rest of your text. Consistency helps create a seamless reading experience.
• End on a Positive Note – Whenever possible, end with a positive or uplifting message. This leaves the reader with a good impression.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

There are some common mistakes that many writers make when crafting their conclusions.

• Introducing New Information – Don’t introduce new ideas or arguments in the conclusion. This can confuse the reader and dilute your main points.
• Being Vague – Avoid vague statements that don’t add value. Be specific and clear in your summary.
• Repetitiveness – Don’t repeat the same points over and over. Restate your thesis and key points in a new way.
• Ignoring the Thesis – Make sure to tie your conclusion back to your thesis. This reinforces your argument and gives a sense of closure.

Final Thoughts: How to Write a Good Conclusion Paragraph

Writing a good conclusion paragraph is essential for creating a cohesive and impactful piece of writing.

By summarizing key points, restating the thesis, providing a final thought, and using a call to action, you can craft a strong conclusion that leaves a lasting impression.

Use the 30 examples provided to inspire your own writing and ensure your conclusions are always effective and engaging.

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How to Write a Conclusion for an Essay: 10 Examples of Conclusion Paragraphs

How to write a conclusion for an essay? When it comes to writing an essay, the conclusion is often overlooked as just a summary of the main points. However, a strong conclusion can leave a lasting impression on the reader and tie together all the ideas presented in the essay. In this article, we will explore different strategies for writing an effective conclusion and provide some examples to help you get started.

How To Write a Conclusion for an Essay

Understanding the Purpose of a Conclusion

A conclusion is an essential part of any essay, and it serves a crucial role in summarizing your arguments and providing closure to your readers. In this section, we will discuss the role and importance of a conclusion in an essay.

Role of a Conclusion

The primary role of a conclusion is to bring closure to your essay by summarizing your arguments and restating your thesis statement. It is the final opportunity to leave a lasting impression on your readers and persuade them to take action or think differently about the topic.

Additionally, a conclusion can also provide a sense of completion to your essay by tying up any loose ends and addressing any counterarguments or opposing viewpoints. It should leave your readers with a clear understanding of your position and the significance of your arguments.

Importance of a Strong Conclusion

A strong conclusion can make a significant impact on the overall effectiveness of your essay. It can leave a lasting impression on your readers and persuade them to take action or think differently about the topic.

A weak or poorly written conclusion, on the other hand, can undermine the credibility of your arguments and leave your readers with a sense of confusion or dissatisfaction. It can also fail to provide closure to your essay and leave your readers with unanswered questions or unresolved issues.

To ensure that your conclusion is strong and effective, you should consider the following tips:

• Restate your thesis statement in a new and compelling way.
• Summarize your main arguments and provide a clear and concise summary of your essay.
• Address any counterarguments or opposing viewpoints and explain why your position is the most valid.
• Provide a call to action or suggest further research or exploration on the topic.

In conclusion, a conclusion is an essential part of any essay, and it serves a crucial role in summarizing your arguments and providing closure to your readers. A strong conclusion can leave a lasting impression on your readers and persuade them to take action or think differently about the topic. By following the tips provided in this section, you can ensure that your conclusion is strong and effective.

How to Write a Conclusion for an Essay

Restating the thesis.

One of the most important elements of your conclusion is restating your thesis. This means that you should rephrase your thesis statement in a way that reminds the reader of the main point of your essay. By doing so, you can help ensure that your reader leaves with a clear understanding of your argument.

Summarizing Main Points

In addition to restating your thesis, it can be helpful to summarize the main points of your essay. This can help tie together any loose ends and ensure that your reader understands the full scope of your argument. When summarizing your main points, be sure to be concise and avoid repeating information that you have already covered.

Closing Statement

Finally, you should include a closing statement in your conclusion. This should be a sentence or two that leaves a lasting impression on your reader. You may want to consider ending with a thought-provoking question, a call to action, or a memorable quote. Whatever you choose, make sure that it is relevant to your essay and leaves a lasting impression.

Writing Techniques for Effective Conclusions

Using a quote.

One way to add impact to your conclusion is to use a relevant quote. This can be a quote from a famous person, a line from a poem or song, or even a quote from one of the sources you’ve used in your essay. The key is to choose a quote that adds depth and meaning to your conclusion.

For example, if you’re writing an essay about the importance of education, you might conclude with a quote from Nelson Mandela : “Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.” This quote not only reinforces the importance of education but also adds a powerful emotional element to your conclusion.

Posing a Question

Another effective technique for writing a conclusion is to pose a thought-provoking question. This can be a rhetorical question or a question that requires further exploration. The goal is to leave your reader thinking about the topic long after they’ve finished reading your essay.

For example, if you’re writing an essay about climate change, you might conclude with a question like: “What kind of world do we want to leave for future generations?” This question encourages your reader to consider the long-term implications of climate change and can leave a lasting impact.

Making a Prediction

Finally, you can use your conclusion to make a prediction about the future. This can be a prediction about the topic you’ve been discussing or a prediction about the impact your essay will have on the reader. The goal is to leave your reader with a sense of hope or inspiration.

For example, if you’re writing an essay about the importance of volunteer work, you might conclude with a prediction like: “As more people become involved in volunteer work, we can look forward to a brighter, more compassionate future.” This prediction not only reinforces the importance of volunteer work but also leaves the reader feeling inspired to make a difference.

Conclusion Paragraph Examples

Example from a literary essay.

In a literary essay, your conclusion should tie together the various themes and motifs that you’ve explored throughout your essay. Here’s an example of a strong conclusion from a literary essay:

“Overall, the use of symbolism in ‘The Great Gatsby’ highlights the stark contrast between the facade of the American Dream and the harsh reality of life in the 1920s. Through the use of the green light, the valley of ashes, and the eyes of Doctor T.J. Eckleburg, Fitzgerald demonstrates the emptiness and corruption that lies at the heart of the American Dream. By exposing the hollowness of this ideal, Fitzgerald challenges us to consider what truly gives our lives meaning.”

Example from a Research Paper

In a research paper, your conclusion should summarize your findings and explain the implications of your research. Here’s an example of a strong conclusion from a research paper:

“In conclusion, our study provides evidence that regular exercise can have a significant impact on reducing the risk of heart disease. Our findings suggest that individuals who engage in regular physical activity are more likely to maintain healthy blood pressure and cholesterol levels, as well as reduce their risk of developing other chronic diseases such as diabetes and obesity. These findings have important implications for public health policy and highlight the need for increased efforts to promote physical activity.”

Example from an Argumentative Essay

In an argumentative essay, your conclusion should summarize your main argument and leave your reader with a clear understanding of your position. Here’s an example of a strong conclusion from an argumentative essay:

“Based on the evidence presented, it is clear that the use of performance-enhancing drugs in professional sports is both unethical and dangerous. While some argue that these drugs are necessary to remain competitive in today’s sports landscape, the risks associated with their use far outweigh any potential benefits. It is up to us as a society to take a stand against this practice and demand that our athletes compete on a level playing field, free from the influence of performance-enhancing drugs.”

Frequently Asked Questions

What are some effective ways to end a conclusion?

One effective way to end a conclusion is to restate the thesis statement in a different way. You can also summarize the main points of your essay and leave the reader with a final thought or a call to action.

How can I write a strong conclusion for a research paper?

To write a strong conclusion for a research paper, you should briefly summarize the main points of the paper and restate the thesis statement. You can also suggest avenues for further research or provide a final thought that leaves a lasting impression on the reader.

What are some words or phrases that can be used to conclude an essay?

Some words and phrases that can be used to conclude an essay include “in conclusion,” “to sum up,” “therefore,” “thus,” “finally,” and “in summary.” However, it’s important to use these words and phrases appropriately and not overuse them.

Can you provide some examples of a conclusion paragraph for a project?

Sure, here’s an example of a conclusion paragraph for a project:

“In conclusion, this project has shown that renewable energy is a viable alternative to fossil fuels. By harnessing the power of wind, solar, and hydroelectricity, we can reduce our dependence on non-renewable resources and mitigate the effects of climate change. While there are still challenges to be overcome, such as cost and infrastructure, the potential benefits of renewable energy make it a promising option for the future.”

How do you write a conclusion for an argumentative essay?

To write a conclusion for an argumentative essay, you should summarize the main points of your argument and restate your thesis statement. You can also provide a final thought or call to action that encourages the reader to take a particular course of action or consider a different perspective.

What is the purpose of a conclusion paragraph in an essay?

The purpose of a conclusion paragraph in an essay is to provide a sense of closure and completeness to the reader. It should summarize the main points of the essay and restate the thesis statement in a different way. Additionally, it can leave the reader with a final thought or a call to action.

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Learn about the elements of a successful essay conclusion.

The conclusion is a very important part of your essay. Although it is sometimes treated as a roundup of all of the bits that didn’t fit into the paper earlier, it deserves better treatment than that! It's the last thing the reader will see, so it tends to stick in the reader's memory. It's also a great place to remind the reader exactly why your topic is important. A conclusion is more than just "the last paragraph"—it's a working part of the paper. This is the place to push your reader to think about the consequences of your topic for the wider world or for the reader's own life!

A good conclusion should do a few things:

Restate your thesis

Synthesize or summarize your major points

Make the context of your argument clear

Restating Your Thesis

You've already spent time and energy crafting a solid thesis statement for your introduction, and if you've done your job right, your whole paper focuses on that thesis statement. That's why it's so important to address the thesis in your conclusion! Many writers choose to begin the conclusion by restating the thesis, but you can put your thesis into the conclusion anywhere—the first sentence of the paragraph, the last sentence, or in between. Here are a few tips for rephrasing your thesis:

Remind the reader that you've proven this thesis over the course of your paper. For example, if you're arguing that your readers should get their pets from animal shelters rather than pet stores, you might say, "If you were considering that puppy in the pet-shop window, remember that your purchase will support 'puppy mills' instead of rescuing a needy dog, and consider selecting your new friend at your local animal shelter." This example gives the reader not only the thesis of the paper, but a reminder of the most powerful point in the argument!

Revise the thesis statement so that it reflects the relationship you've developed with the reader during the paper. For example, if you've written a paper that targets parents of young children, you can find a way to phrase your thesis to capitalize on that—maybe by beginning your thesis statement with, "As a parent of a young child…"

Don’t repeat your thesis word for word—make sure that your new statement is an independent, fresh sentence!

Summary or Synthesis

This section of the conclusion might come before the thesis statement or after it. Your conclusion should remind the reader of what your paper actually says! The best conclusion will include a synthesis, not just a summary—instead of a mere list of your major points, the best conclusion will draw those points together and relate them to one another so that your reader can apply the information given in the essay. Here are a couple of ways to do that:

Give a list of the major arguments for your thesis (usually, these are the topic sentences of the parts of your essay).

Explain how these parts are connected. For example, in the animal-shelter essay, you might point out that adopting a shelter dog helps more animals because your adoption fee supports the shelter, which makes your choice more socially responsible.

One of the most important functions of the conclusion is to provide context for your argument. Your reader may finish your essay without a problem and understand your argument without understanding why that argument is important. Your introduction might point out the reason your topic matters, but your conclusion should also tackle this questions. Here are some strategies for making your reader see why the topic is important:

Tell the reader what you want him or her to do. Is your essay a call to action? If so, remind the reader of what he/she should do. If not, remember that asking the reader to think a certain way is an action in itself. (In the above examples, the essay asks the reader to adopt a shelter dog—a specific action.)

Explain why this topic is timely or important. For example, the animal-shelter essay might end with a statistic about the number of pets in shelters waiting for adoption.

Remind the readers of why the topic matters to them personally. For example, it doesn’t matter much if you believe in the mission of animal shelters, if you're not planning to get a dog; however, once you're looking for a dog, it is much more important. The conclusion of this essay might say, "Since you’re in the market for a dog, you have a major decision to make: where to get one." This will remind the reader that the argument is personally important!

Conclusion paragraphs

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Essay Writing Guide

How To Write A Conclusion

Last updated on: Jun 28, 2024

How to Write a Conclusion - Examples & Tips

By: Nova A.

13 min read

Reviewed By: Rylee W.

Published on: Mar 26, 2019

Do you find yourself struggling to write a strong conclusion while writing essays or academic papers, leaving your work feeling unfinished?

The conclusion is the opportunity to leave a final impression on your readers and effectively wrap up your arguments. Yet, many students struggle to find the right balance between summarizing their main points and delivering a powerful closing statement.

But fear not, as we're here to help! 

In this blog, we will provide you with a comprehensive guide on how to write a compelling conclusion. We will share valuable techniques and strategies to ensure your conclusion leaves a memorable impact, providing a sense of closure and reinforcing the significance of your work. So, let's dive into the blog!

On this Page

What is a Conclusion?

In the context of academic or formal writing, a conclusion refers to the final part of an essay, research paper, or any other written piece. It serves as a summary of the main points discussed and provides a final perspective or judgment on the topic.

The purpose of a conclusion is to: 

• Summarize the main points and arguments presented in the text.
• Restates the thesis statement or main argument.
• Provides closure to the piece of writing.
• Leaves a lasting impression on the reader.
• Demonstrates the significance or implications of the ideas discussed.
• Avoids introducing new information or arguments.
• May offer recommendations, propose further areas of research, or provide a call to action.
• Encourages reflection and deeper understanding of the topic.

Remember writing a conclusion does not mean simply repeating all the points but providing a broader implication of the discussed topic while sticking to the main idea.

Conclusion Outline

Here's an outline for structuring a conclusion:

How to Write a Conclusion?

In this section, we will outline the essential steps to help you craft an engaging and impactful conclusion.

1. Restate the Thesis Statement and Introduction

Begin your conclusion by revisiting the thesis statement and the key points introduced in the essay's introduction. This ensures a cohesive ending that reinforces the main idea and purpose of your work.  Consider tweaking the wording and incorporating the main idea from your thesis statement to create a seamless connection.

2. Create a Connection between the Opening and Closing

Maintain continuity in your essay by linking the ending to the introduction. Reflect on the main points discussed initially and demonstrate how they have been addressed and expanded upon in the body of your work.  This connection enhances the overall flow and coherence of your essay.

3. Revise and Summarize the Main Points

If your essay comprises multiple body paragraphs exploring a complex topic, take the opportunity to revise. Condense the main points discussed in each paragraph.  Rather than simply summarizing, emphasize the significance and relevance of these points to the overall topic.

For instance , if your essay focused on the causes of obesity, highlight the main reasons and their implications in your concluding sentence.

4. Provide an Insight and Call to Action

Make your conclusion thought-provoking by offering insights or suggesting further action related to the topic. This leaves a lasting impact on your readers and encourages them to contemplate the subject matter beyond your essay. 

For example, you can conclude by stating, " Taking proactive measures such as monitoring your calorie intake using dedicated apps can contribute significantly to the fight against obesity ."

Want to craft a conclusion in under 5 minutes? Check out this video!

Types of Conclusion

When it comes to writing conclusions, there are various types that you can employ based on the purpose and nature of your essay or paper. Here are some common types of conclusions:

• Summary Conclusion: This type of conclusion provides a concise summary of the main points discussed in the essay or paper. It briefly restates the key arguments or findings without introducing new information.
• Synthesis Conclusion: A synthesis conclusion goes beyond summarizing the main points and aims to connect different ideas presented in the essay. It emphasizes the relationships and connections between various arguments or evidence.
• Call to Action Conclusion: In a call-to-action conclusion, the writer encourages the reader to take a specific course of action. This type of conclusion is often used in persuasive essays or argumentative essays.
• Implication or Significance Conclusion: An implication or significance conclusion discusses the broader implications and significance of the essay's findings or arguments. It explains the relevance and impact of the topic in a larger context, highlighting its importance and potential consequences.
• Future Research Conclusion: When writing a research paper, a future research conclusion suggests potential areas for further exploration or study. It identifies gaps in the existing research and proposes questions or topics that could be addressed in future research endeavors.
• Personal Reflection Conclusion: A personal reflection conclusion allows the writer to share their own thoughts, insights, or experiences related to the topic. It adds a personal touch and perspective to the conclusion, helping to create a deeper connection with the reader.

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Helpful Conclusion Examples

Here are some good conclusion examples:

Research Paper Conclusion Example

‘How to write a conclusion for a research paper ?’

Here is a research paper conclusion example that begins with restating the problem discussed in the paper and ends with a call to action.

Report Conclusion Example

‘How to write a conclusion for a report ?’

Reports serve different purposes, such as providing a deeper understanding of a subject and motivating readers to take action. They can cover various forms of content, including book reviews and general reports.

Here is a sample report conclusion;

Thesis Conclusion Example

‘How to write a conclusion for a thesis ?’

Argumentative Essay Conclusion Example

How to write a conclusion for an argumentative essay ?

Persuasive Essay Conclusion Example

‘How to write a conclusion for a persuasive essay ?’

Example of Conclusion For Assignment

How To Write a Conclusion In An Essay

How To Write a Conclusion Sentence

How To Write a Conclusion To a Paper

Good Conclusion vs Poor Conclusion

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Tips to Write a Good Conclusion

Here are some tips to write an effective and great conclusion:

• End the essay and conclusion with a positive note .
• Remind the importance of your idea or research question.
• Link back to the themes discussed in the introduction.
• Summarize the main points without repeating them.
• Propose a course of action and implications of your arguments.
• Do not introduce any new information at this stage.
• Don’t include every single detail shared in the body.
• If your essay isn’t in the first person, don’t end with your personal thoughts .
• Avoid using sentences such as “I’m no expert, but this is my opinion…”
• Don’t start with phrases such as “To conclude, to sum it up, in conclusion…”
• Don’t share any evidence in this section that should’ve been stated in the body.

Mistakes to Avoid When Writing a Conclusion

Here are the mistakes to avoid when writing a conclusion:

• Introducing new information not previously discussed.
• Repeating the introduction without adding a fresh perspective.
• Being vague or general without depth or precision.
• Neglecting to emphasize the significance or implications of your work.
• Ending abruptly without a clear final thought or statement.
• Ignoring the expectations and needs of your target audience.
• Failing to revise and edit for clarity and impact.

Wrapping Up! Crafting a strong and effective conclusion paragraph is essential to provide coherence and closure to your essay. It should avoid introducing new ideas, themes, or evidence, as this can confuse readers and diminish the impact of your paper. By implementing these guidelines, you can ensure that your assignments conclude on a memorable and impressive note. However, if you still find yourself in need of assistance, don't hesitate to consult the essay experts at 5StarEssays.com. 

Request our " write my essay " service today and let us guide you every step of your writing journey. Reach out to us now!

Frequently Asked Questions

How many sentences are in conclusion.

Usually, a conclusion is two to three sentences long. The aim of a conclusion is to conclude the main ideas and not to introduce any new points for the readers.

What is a concluding sentence in a body paragraph?

In a body paragraph, the last line is the concluding sentence. It provides closure to the paragraph and connects all the ideas together. However, it does not repeat any ideas and transits to the next section or paragraph.

Can you have quotes in your conclusion?

Ideally, no, you must not place any quotes in the concluding sentence. However, quotes could be added here only when you are referencing someone.

Marketing, Law

As a Digital Content Strategist, Nova Allison has eight years of experience in writing both technical and scientific content. With a focus on developing online content plans that engage audiences, Nova strives to write pieces that are not only informative but captivating as well.

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How to write an excellent thesis conclusion [with examples]

Restate the thesis

Review or reiterate key points of your work, explain why your work is relevant, a take-away for the reader, more resources on writing thesis conclusions, frequently asked questions about writing an excellent thesis conclusion, related articles.

At this point in your writing, you have most likely finished your introduction and the body of your thesis, dissertation, or research paper . While this is a reason to celebrate, you should not underestimate the importance of your conclusion. The conclusion is the last thing that your reader will see, so it should be memorable.

A good conclusion will review the key points of the thesis and explain to the reader why the information is relevant, applicable, or related to the world as a whole. Make sure to dedicate enough of your writing time to the conclusion and do not put it off until the very last minute.

This article provides an effective technique for writing a conclusion adapted from Erika Eby’s The College Student's Guide to Writing a Good Research Paper: 101 Easy Tips & Tricks to Make Your Work Stand Out .

While the thesis introduction starts out with broad statements about the topic, and then narrows it down to the thesis statement , a thesis conclusion does the same in the opposite order.

• Restate the thesis.
• Review or reiterate key points of your work.
• Explain why your work is relevant.
• Include a core take-away message for the reader.

Tip: Don’t just copy and paste your thesis into your conclusion. Restate it in different words.

The best way to start a conclusion is simply by restating the thesis statement. That does not mean just copying and pasting it from the introduction, but putting it into different words.

You will need to change the structure and wording of it to avoid sounding repetitive. Also, be firm in your conclusion just as you were in the introduction. Try to avoid sounding apologetic by using phrases like "This paper has tried to show..."

The conclusion should address all the same parts as the thesis while making it clear that the reader has reached the end. You are telling the reader that your research is finished and what your findings are.

I have argued throughout this work that the point of critical mass for biopolitical immunity occurred during the Romantic period because of that era's unique combination of post-revolutionary politics and innovations in smallpox prevention. In particular, I demonstrated that the French Revolution and the discovery of vaccination in the 1790s triggered a reconsideration of the relationship between bodies and the state.

Tip: Try to reiterate points from your introduction in your thesis conclusion.

The next step is to review the main points of the thesis as a whole. Look back at the body of of your project and make a note of the key ideas. You can reword these ideas the same way you reworded your thesis statement and then incorporate that into the conclusion.

You can also repeat striking quotations or statistics, but do not use more than two. As the conclusion represents your own closing thoughts on the topic , it should mainly consist of your own words.

In addition, conclusions can contain recommendations to the reader or relevant questions that further the thesis. You should ask yourself:

• What you would ideally like to see your readers do in reaction to your paper?
• Do you want them to take a certain action or investigate further?
• Is there a bigger issue that your paper wants to draw attention to?

Also, try to reference your introduction in your conclusion. You have already taken a first step by restating your thesis. Now, check whether there are other key words, phrases or ideas that are mentioned in your introduction that fit into your conclusion. Connecting the introduction to the conclusion in this way will help readers feel satisfied.

I explored how Mary Wollstonecraft, in both her fiction and political writings, envisions an ideal medico-political state, and how other writers like William Wordsworth and Mary Shelley increasingly imagined the body politic literally, as an incorporated political collective made up of bodies whose immunity to political and medical ills was essential to a healthy state.

Tip: Make sure to explain why your thesis is relevant to your field of research.

Although you can encourage readers to question their opinions and reflect on your topic, do not leave loose ends. You should provide a sense of resolution and make sure your conclusion wraps up your argument. Make sure you explain why your thesis is relevant to your field of research and how your research intervenes within, or substantially revises, existing scholarly debates.

This project challenged conventional ideas about the relationship among Romanticism, medicine, and politics by reading the unfolding of Romantic literature and biopolitical immunity as mutual, co-productive processes. In doing so, this thesis revises the ways in which biopolitics has been theorized by insisting on the inherent connections between Romantic literature and the forms of biopower that characterize early modernity.

Tip: If you began your thesis with an anecdote or historical example, you may want to return to that in your conclusion.

End your conclusion with something memorable, such as:

• a call to action
• a recommendation
• a gesture towards future research
• a brief explanation of how the problem or idea you covered remains relevant

Ultimately, you want readers to feel more informed, or ready to act, as they read your conclusion.

Yet, the Romantic period is only the beginning of modern thought on immunity and biopolitics. Victorian writers, doctors, and politicians upheld the Romantic idea that a "healthy state" was a literal condition that could be achieved by combining politics and medicine, but augmented that idea through legislation and widespread public health measures. While many nineteenth-century efforts to improve citizens' health were successful, the fight against disease ultimately changed course in the twentieth century as global immunological threats such as SARS occupied public consciousness. Indeed, as subsequent public health events make apparent, biopolitical immunity persists as a viable concept for thinking about the relationship between medicine and politics in modernity.

Need more advice? Read our 5 additional tips on how to write a good thesis conclusion.

The conclusion is the last thing that your reader will see, so it should be memorable. To write a great thesis conclusion you should:

The basic content of a conclusion is to review the main points from the paper. This part represents your own closing thoughts on the topic. It should mainly consist of the outcome of the research in your own words.

The length of the conclusion will depend on the length of the whole thesis. Usually, a conclusion should be around 5-7% of the overall word count.

End your conclusion with something memorable, such as a question, warning, or call to action. Depending on the topic, you can also end with a recommendation.

In Open Access: Theses and Dissertations you can find thousands of completed works. Take a look at any of the theses or dissertations for real-life examples of conclusions that were already approved.

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• Knowledge Base
• Research paper

Writing a Research Paper Conclusion | Step-by-Step Guide

Published on October 30, 2022 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on April 13, 2023.

• Restate the problem statement addressed in the paper
• Summarize your overall arguments or findings
• Suggest the key takeaways from your paper

The content of the conclusion varies depending on whether your paper presents the results of original empirical research or constructs an argument through engagement with sources .

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Table of contents

Step 1: restate the problem, step 2: sum up the paper, step 3: discuss the implications, research paper conclusion examples, frequently asked questions about research paper conclusions.

The first task of your conclusion is to remind the reader of your research problem . You will have discussed this problem in depth throughout the body, but now the point is to zoom back out from the details to the bigger picture.

While you are restating a problem you’ve already introduced, you should avoid phrasing it identically to how it appeared in the introduction . Ideally, you’ll find a novel way to circle back to the problem from the more detailed ideas discussed in the body.

For example, an argumentative paper advocating new measures to reduce the environmental impact of agriculture might restate its problem as follows:

Meanwhile, an empirical paper studying the relationship of Instagram use with body image issues might present its problem like this:

“In conclusion …”

Avoid starting your conclusion with phrases like “In conclusion” or “To conclude,” as this can come across as too obvious and make your writing seem unsophisticated. The content and placement of your conclusion should make its function clear without the need for additional signposting.

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Having zoomed back in on the problem, it’s time to summarize how the body of the paper went about addressing it, and what conclusions this approach led to.

Depending on the nature of your research paper, this might mean restating your thesis and arguments, or summarizing your overall findings.

Argumentative paper: Restate your thesis and arguments

In an argumentative paper, you will have presented a thesis statement in your introduction, expressing the overall claim your paper argues for. In the conclusion, you should restate the thesis and show how it has been developed through the body of the paper.

Briefly summarize the key arguments made in the body, showing how each of them contributes to proving your thesis. You may also mention any counterarguments you addressed, emphasizing why your thesis holds up against them, particularly if your argument is a controversial one.

Don’t go into the details of your evidence or present new ideas; focus on outlining in broad strokes the argument you have made.

Empirical paper: Summarize your findings

In an empirical paper, this is the time to summarize your key findings. Don’t go into great detail here (you will have presented your in-depth results and discussion already), but do clearly express the answers to the research questions you investigated.

Describe your main findings, even if they weren’t necessarily the ones you expected or hoped for, and explain the overall conclusion they led you to.

Having summed up your key arguments or findings, the conclusion ends by considering the broader implications of your research. This means expressing the key takeaways, practical or theoretical, from your paper—often in the form of a call for action or suggestions for future research.

Argumentative paper: Strong closing statement

An argumentative paper generally ends with a strong closing statement. In the case of a practical argument, make a call for action: What actions do you think should be taken by the people or organizations concerned in response to your argument?

If your topic is more theoretical and unsuitable for a call for action, your closing statement should express the significance of your argument—for example, in proposing a new understanding of a topic or laying the groundwork for future research.

Empirical paper: Future research directions

In a more empirical paper, you can close by either making recommendations for practice (for example, in clinical or policy papers), or suggesting directions for future research.

Whatever the scope of your own research, there will always be room for further investigation of related topics, and you’ll often discover new questions and problems during the research process .

Finish your paper on a forward-looking note by suggesting how you or other researchers might build on this topic in the future and address any limitations of the current paper.

Full examples of research paper conclusions are shown in the tabs below: one for an argumentative paper, the other for an empirical paper.

• Argumentative paper
• Empirical paper

While the role of cattle in climate change is by now common knowledge, countries like the Netherlands continually fail to confront this issue with the urgency it deserves. The evidence is clear: To create a truly futureproof agricultural sector, Dutch farmers must be incentivized to transition from livestock farming to sustainable vegetable farming. As well as dramatically lowering emissions, plant-based agriculture, if approached in the right way, can produce more food with less land, providing opportunities for nature regeneration areas that will themselves contribute to climate targets. Although this approach would have economic ramifications, from a long-term perspective, it would represent a significant step towards a more sustainable and resilient national economy. Transitioning to sustainable vegetable farming will make the Netherlands greener and healthier, setting an example for other European governments. Farmers, policymakers, and consumers must focus on the future, not just on their own short-term interests, and work to implement this transition now.

As social media becomes increasingly central to young people’s everyday lives, it is important to understand how different platforms affect their developing self-conception. By testing the effect of daily Instagram use among teenage girls, this study established that highly visual social media does indeed have a significant effect on body image concerns, with a strong correlation between the amount of time spent on the platform and participants’ self-reported dissatisfaction with their appearance. However, the strength of this effect was moderated by pre-test self-esteem ratings: Participants with higher self-esteem were less likely to experience an increase in body image concerns after using Instagram. This suggests that, while Instagram does impact body image, it is also important to consider the wider social and psychological context in which this usage occurs: Teenagers who are already predisposed to self-esteem issues may be at greater risk of experiencing negative effects. Future research into Instagram and other highly visual social media should focus on establishing a clearer picture of how self-esteem and related constructs influence young people’s experiences of these platforms. Furthermore, while this experiment measured Instagram usage in terms of time spent on the platform, observational studies are required to gain more insight into different patterns of usage—to investigate, for instance, whether active posting is associated with different effects than passive consumption of social media content.

If you’re unsure about the conclusion, it can be helpful to ask a friend or fellow student to read your conclusion and summarize the main takeaways.

• Do they understand from your conclusion what your research was about?
• Are they able to summarize the implications of your findings?
• Can they answer your research question based on your conclusion?

You can also get an expert to proofread and feedback your paper with a paper editing service .

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The conclusion of a research paper has several key elements you should make sure to include:

• A restatement of the research problem
• A summary of your key arguments and/or findings
• A short discussion of the implications of your research

No, it’s not appropriate to present new arguments or evidence in the conclusion . While you might be tempted to save a striking argument for last, research papers follow a more formal structure than this.

All your findings and arguments should be presented in the body of the text (more specifically in the results and discussion sections if you are following a scientific structure). The conclusion is meant to summarize and reflect on the evidence and arguments you have already presented, not introduce new ones.

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Mastering Your Argumentative Essay Conclusion: Tips & Techniques

Table of contents

• 1.1 Steps to Writing an Argumentative Essay Conclusion
• 2 How to Restate a Thesis Statement
• 3.1 Know how to structure your paper
• 4.1 Example 1
• 4.2 Example 2
• 4.3 Example 3
• 4.4 Examples 4, 5
• 5 How to Finish an Argumentative Project Conclusion Paragraph

Want to write a perfect conclusion for your paper but don’t know how? Everyone has been there, and it’s never easy. It is the final part of your writing, so by the time you reach it, you have no energy and can’t focus.

Still, the conclusion part is crucial for the success of every paper. You have to give the final answer to the audience by restating your thesis and noting your claims and findings. If you think you can’t write one, you’d better buy an argumentative essay online and solve your problems.

In this article, you will find everything you need to know about a conclusion to an argumentative essay and how to write it.

What to Write in the Conclusion for an Argumentative Essay

To write a conclusion argumentative essay, you first need to recall all the key points of your essay.

Except for those basic points, knowing how to conclude an argumentative essay also requires a few more things:

The first thing to pay attention to is your tone of writing. Make sure it is authoritative yet calm and informative. This way, you will assure readers that your work is essential for the case.

Next is your first sentence. How you start your conclusion does matter. You need to state what you did and why. That will remind the readers once again about what they have read.

After you write it, you will need to point out the key findings of your writing. You must note the important evidence you have written about in your paper. Keep it brief and connect them to your text conclusion.

The last step is to finish the conclusion of your argumentative essay in a meaningful way. Ensure a positive final sentence to make the reader reflect on your work and make them act.

Thus, writing a conclusion for an argumentative essay is a complex process. It can be not easy to come up with a good conclusion on your own, so don’t hesitate to seek  essay assistance if you need it.

Author Note: Make sure not to present any new arguments or claims in the conclusion. This section of your paper is your final opinion. Writing further details, ideas, or irrelevant findings can ruin the text.

Steps to Writing an Argumentative Essay Conclusion

Your conclusion should convincingly summarize your viewpoint. Here’s a simplified way to approach it:

• Briefly restate the importance of your topic.
• Summarize your thesis statement again.
• Acknowledge opposing views to strengthen your argument.
• Suggest actions to be taken or hint at further exploration.

How to Restate a Thesis Statement

• Choose the Right Location:

Place your restated thesis statement where it fits best. Often, it works well at the start of the conclusion, but not always. First, draft a rough conclusion to find the ideal spot. Consider opening with a rhetorical question instead, depending on your paper’s structure.

• Leverage Your Paper’s Content:

Use the full context of your paper to enhance your thesis restatement. Now that your readers have the full information, you can deepen the impact of your argument.

• Clarify the Significance:

Address why your argument matters. Answer the “So what?” question by linking back to the broader implications of your thesis.

• Avoid Common Clichés:

Start your conclusion without clichéd phrases like “In conclusion” or “As this paper has shown.” These phrases can undermine the strength of your restatement.

• Maintain Confidence:

Assert your thesis confidently without hedging with phrases like “It seems like.” However, recognize opposing views respectfully to avoid alienating your readers.

How to Format the Conclusion of an Argumentative Essay?

To format a conclusion, you have to follow a well-established standard. The best essay conclusions include a “lead” (opening statement). Then point out one vital factor from your paragraph. Usually, one point per paragraph, no more, or it will get too bulky. Finally, add an appropriate finale that will serve as a smooth exit of the whole paper, the final sentence.

By using the standard format, you will have an easier time when you have to write an argumentative essay conclusion. You can focus on the facts and tailor them to appeal to readers. That will re-convince them about your point for the case.

Here we can add that the final sentence should not always be smooth and friendly. When your conclusion tone is assertive, write the final part of the finale as a call to action—an attempt to affect the reader and make them want to research. To find out more about the matter or even take a stand with their own opinion.

Know how to structure your paper

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• double-spaced (275 words/page) / single-spaced (550 words/page)
• 0.5″ first line of a paragraph

Knowing the exact way to structure a conclusion in an argumentative essay is crucial. Someone may say that it is not important. But this is one of the first things people pay attention to. So, you have to format the paper and its main points properly. In any assignment, the style of the text adheres to strict requirements. Usually, you can find them by asking your professor or checking the educational institution’s website.

In that sense, you must stick to proper formatting when writing a perfect argumentative essay . To get the best grade, you have to use the  recommended formatting style , which can be APA, AP, or other. So remember, following the proper structure and formatting can make the critical points of your work stand out. As a result, your paper will look better, and your paper results will score higher.

Writing a perfect conclusion for your paper can be difficult, especially when you have no energy and can’t focus. Fortunately, PapersOwl.com is here to help. Our experienced writers can provide you with an excellent conclusion for your paper so that you can confidently submit it.

Essay Conclusion Examples

If you are still trying to figure out what your conclusion should look like, check below. We have prepared how-to-end argumentative essay examples . These can give you an idea about the structure and format of your paper’s final point.

In this particular sample, the case is about global warming. So, the essay’s conclusion has to give a compelling reason why the reader and the public should act and prevent the issue. You must remember that what you write depends on the type of paper and should be unique.

“Throughout our text, we pointed out findings about the impact of global warming. Nature cannot sustain itself in the ever-changing climate. The ice caps melt, and the shorelines deteriorate, thus causing the extinction of both flora and fauna. Due to the persisting crisis, we must take action and use the best methods to protect the future of our planet.”

Some papers involve public policies and morals. In such cases, you must write in a tone that will feel morally right but will support and justify your arguments. Usually, you write such papers when your topic is pointing towards persuasion. Below, you can see an argumentative essay conclusion example for such texts.

“As time goes on, technology has changed how we, as a society, receive and use information. Media’s influence has been increasing throughout the social applications we use daily. The said impacts public opinion, as we can see from the participants in our study group. Most have stated that their primary information source is social media. These media get large funds from private entities to filter your content. This way, you see their ideas and become part of their audience. If you like your news free of filtering and want truthful information, you must act now and ensure your rights.”

At one point or another, you will get an assignment to help with your career objectives. Usually, it is connected to your writing as you have to research specific matters. For example, bring out your point of view and make conclusions. You can quickly implement such tasks in essays like the argumentative one. Thus, you have to be ready to write a conclusion of an argumentative essay that can fit well and is decisive.

“Often, when you get the opportunity to launch a new business, you must grab it. Plan business meetings, solve the x, y, and z obstacles, and speed up the process. Business is about profit, producing more revenue, and creating an easily manageable structure. If you choose to act on a different undertaking, there will be risks a or b, which can lead to overstepping the estimated budgets.”

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Examples 4, 5

As seen, the conclusion of an argumentative essay may reflect your moral choices. In other cases, on a figure of speech and even sensitivity towards an issue.

So, some good argumentative essay topics need an emotional appeal to the reader. It’s important to present your views effectively and respectfully. But, no matter your point, it is crucial to state your ideas without offending anyone else.

“The right to give birth or not is fundamental for women. They must have it ensured. Otherwise, they have no control or option in their social relationships. The analysis showcases how an unwanted pregnancy can influence and determine the life of a young woman and her child. So without guaranteed rights, women are forced to use dangerous methods to retake ownership of their body, and that must change.” “Life is not a choice given by someone. It is a fundamental right guaranteed by the law. In that sense, denying an unborn child’s right to life is identical to denying any other person’s rights. Furthermore, studies have long proven that life begins with its inception. Therefore, carrying out policies of pro-choice is like murder. With that in mind, saving the unborn by speaking out for them is like giving their rights a voice.”

How to Finish an Argumentative Project Conclusion Paragraph

How to end an argumentative essay? A strong conclusion is key. The final sentence should deeply impact your reader, often ending smoothly yet with a call to action that compels them to think or act. In other cases, the call to action is intense. It could be smoother, but its main goal is to influence the audience to contemplate and act.

It should look like, “ If we don’t do it now, we won’t be able to act in the future. ” If your sentence cuts the flow of the whole text, it will not appeal to your reader.  If you are having trouble crafting the perfect conclusion for your argumentative essay, you can always pay for essay help from a professional writer to get the job done right.

Now you understand how to write a conclusion for an argumentative essay, but remember to catch up on the whole paper flow and finish it in the same tone. Use the call to action sentence and exit your essay smoothly while giving the readers ideas and making them think about the case. If you can’t, please check our argumentative essay writing services , which can easily tackle the task. Note that by getting it done by a professional, you can learn from examples. Besides, the text can get done in a few hours.

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• Writing Tips

5 Examples of Concluding Words for Essays

4-minute read

• 19th September 2022

If you’re a student writing an essay or research paper, it’s important to make sure your points flow together well. You’ll want to use connecting words (known formally as transition signals) to do this. Transition signals like thus , also , and furthermore link different ideas, and when you get to the end of your work, you need to use these to mark your conclusion. Read on to learn more about transition signals and how to use them to conclude your essays.

Transition Signals

Transition signals link sentences together cohesively, enabling easy reading and comprehension. They are usually placed at the beginning of a sentence and separated from the remaining words with a comma. There are several types of transition signals, including those to:

●  show the order of a sequence of events (e.g., first, then, next)

●  introduce an example (e.g., specifically, for instance)

●  indicate a contrasting idea (e.g., but, however, although)

●  present an additional idea (e.g., also, in addition, plus)

●  indicate time (e.g., beforehand, meanwhile, later)

●  compare (e.g., likewise, similarly)

●  show cause and effect (e.g., thus, as a result)

●  mark the conclusion – which we’ll focus on in this guide.

When you reach the end of an essay, you should start the concluding paragraph with a transition signal that acts as a bridge to the summary of your key points. Check out some concluding transition signals below and learn how you can use them in your writing.

To Conclude…

This is a particularly versatile closing statement that can be used for almost any kind of essay, including both formal and informal academic writing. It signals to the reader that you will briefly restate the main idea. As an alternative, you can begin the summary with “to close” or “in conclusion.” In an argumentative piece, you can use this phrase to indicate a call to action or opinion:

To conclude, Abraham Lincoln was the best president because he abolished slavery.

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As Has Been Demonstrated…

To describe how the evidence presented in your essay supports your argument or main idea, begin the concluding paragraph with “as has been demonstrated.” This phrase is best used for research papers or articles with heavy empirical or statistical evidence.

As has been demonstrated by the study presented above, human activities are negatively altering the climate system.

The Above Points Illustrate…

As another transitional phrase for formal or academic work, “the above points illustrate” indicates that you are reiterating your argument and that the conclusion will include an assessment of the evidence you’ve presented.

The above points illustrate that children prefer chocolate over broccoli.

In a Nutshell…

A simple and informal metaphor to begin a conclusion, “in a nutshell” prepares the reader for a summary of your paper. It can work in narratives and speeches but should be avoided in formal situations.

In a nutshell, the Beatles had an impact on musicians for generations to come.

Overall, It Can Be Said…

To recap an idea at the end of a critical or descriptive essay, you can use this phrase at the beginning of the concluding paragraph. “Overall” means “taking everything into account,” and it sums up your essay in a formal way. You can use “overall” on its own as a transition signal, or you can use it as part of a phrase.

Overall, it can be said that art has had a positive impact on humanity.

Proofreading and Editing

Transition signals are crucial to crafting a well-written and cohesive essay. For your next writing assignment, make sure you include plenty of transition signals, and check out this post for more tips on how to improve your writing. And before you turn in your paper, don’t forget to have someone proofread your work. Our expert editors will make sure your essay includes all the transition signals necessary for your writing to flow seamlessly. Send in a free 500-word sample today!

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• 15 Great Essay Conclusion Examples
• 18 Outstanding Essay Conclusion Examples

What Is a Conclusion of an Essay: Outline and Purpose

How to write a conclusion paragraph.

• 18 Good Conclusion Paragraph Examples
• Argumentative

Narrative Essay

Effective strategies to conclude an essay, bottom line.

One of the crucial parts of a writing piece is an essay conclusion. it is the last paragraph that creates the final impression from a paper. It is not enough just to summarize what was written in the body part. A writer must make the reader want to continue exploring the problem, share the author’s position, or finally get a clear understanding of an issue . It all depends on the essay type. Our  essay writer  team has come up with essay conclusion examples and useful tips to help students master the art of concluding an essay logically and effectively. Check them out!

Conclusion is the last paragraph of any academic writing, no matter whether it is a school five paragraph essay or college research paper. It is a compulsory structural part of an essay that gives a sense of closure. The purpose of writing a conclusion is to restate the main idea, summarize the key points discussed in the body of the paper showing how they support or prove your thesis, and draw a general conclusion .

What to write in a conclusion paragraph? A typical conclusion outline has three structural components:

• Restated thesis statement.
• Summary of the key points.
• General conclusion or ideas for broader implications of an issue.

Don’t know how to start essay conclusions? No worries! We have prepared useful tips to help you write a good conclusion for your essay. Follow these simple steps:

• Restate the thesis statement . Start your essay conclusion with reminding readers of the main idea of your paper. However, do not just copy-paste the sentence from the introduction paragraph . You should present the same claim but using different words.
• Summarize the main points . Proceed with analysis and summary the key ideas you have discussed in the body paragraphs. Show how these arguments support and prove your thesis statement.
• Sum up the whole essay . After analyzing the major ideas of the paper, draw up a general essay conclusion. If you do not know how to do it, try answering the So-what?-question. In case you write a conclusion for a research paper, you may be asked to identify the knowledge gap. Also, you may specify broader implications of the issue in the larger context for future research.

18 Good Conclusion Paragraph Examples 

We have prepared essay conclusions for different types of papers. Check them out for better understanding of how to write a conclusion.

Argumentative 

The purpose of argumentative paper is to take a stand on an issue. Check these argumentative essay conclusion examples to make your essay convincing.

The purpose of this essay type is to persuade the readers. Look through persuasive essay conclusion examples to understand how to write a conclusion that will help you win over the audience.

Critical thinking is required in this essay type. You should be able to analyze the whole piece of writing to create a strong final paragraph. Have a look at these analysis essay conclusion examples to get a general idea.

Wondering how to write a literary analysis ? Check out our guide.

These essays are easy to write. The purpose of the narrative essay conclusion is to sum up everything described and discussed in the essay.

Expository 

Expository essays aim to describe or explain ideas, notions, phenomena, etc. to the reader. Such papers require research to support the ideas and be able to provide evidence. Check out a conclusion sample of an expository essay.

Are you assigned to write an exposition? Check our blog post to find out what is an expository essay and how to write it successfully.

Look at the English essay conclusion example below. It may refer to any type of paper.

There exist several most common approaches that allow to conclude an essay logically and reasonably. Here they are.

• So what? This is the most common strategy. It presupposes summing up the paper by giving an answer to a short question So-what?
• Giving a larger context. This strategy mainly applies to the research papers. The main idea is to mention the areas of the issue that need further investigation.
• Rhetorical question . It is a provocative and intriguing question that does not need an answer. It gives readers food for thought. However, such conclusions might be not very effective in academic papers.

Also, we would like to remind you that there are some details that should not be included in the conclusion paragraph. Avoid:

• Retelling what was written in the paper
• Presenting new ideas
• Introducing facts or arguments that contradict the info discussed in the essay
• Adding in-text citations
• Copy-pasting sentences from the intro or body paragraphs
• Using phrases like in conclusion, in summary, to sum up, etc.

Essay conclusion is an essential part of a paper. If you miss it or make it weak, your essay will be incomplete. Thus, try your best to conclude an essay with a strong and balanced final paragraph. It should resonate with the essay introduction and body paragraphs, summarize the whole paper, and be written using parallel sentence structures. Have a close look at conclusion sentence examples to ensure you are able to conclude an essay appropriately. If you have some questions or need help with your essay conclusion, you may ask for writing assistance. Experienced writers will help you write a logical and reasonable essay conclusion.

1. What are the components of a conclusion?

Essay conclusion usually has three main parts. They are: restated thesis statement, summary of the key points, and general conclusion. Make sure you include these parts in the final part to conclude an essay appropriately. Mind that just repeating the thesis and ideas will not work. Show your ability to analyze.

2. How to begin a conclusion?

In the last paragraph synthesize and summarize your paper. A reasonable conclusion starts with reminding readers the main idea of an essay. Make sure to paraphrase your thesis statement. Otherwise, it might seem you don’t really understand the point. Also, avoid starting the paragraph with such words as in conclusion, in summary, to conclude, to sum up, etc. It looks primitive and unprofessional.

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How to Write an Essay Outline: Examples, FAQs & Tips

An essay outline is a structured plan that organizes the main points and supporting details of an essay before writing. It guides the flow of ideas and ensures that each section of the essay is logically connected and coherent.

In this article, we'll walk you through the steps to build a strong essay outline. You'll discover how to define your thesis, arrange your main points, and structure your outline for clarity and effectiveness. If you're still having trouble putting your outline together after reading this, EssayService can provide expert help to make sure your essay is well-structured and persuasive!

Basic Elements of an Essay

An essay begins with an introduction, which is followed by one or more body paragraphs that expand on the points introduced. It ends with a conclusion that restates the thesis and summarizes the main ideas from the body paragraphs.

Introduction

The introduction of an essay introduces the topic and engages the reader from the start. It usually starts with a hook—a statement or question that grabs attention. After the hook, some background information is given to provide context for the topic.

The introduction ends with a thesis statement, which clearly presents the main argument or purpose of the essay. This section not only introduces the topic but also outlines what the essay will cover, setting the tone for what follows.

Avoid these pitfalls:

• Don't try to cover too much ground in your introduction.
• Avoid vagueness. Be specific and precise in your language.

Body Paragraphs

The body of the essay is where your main ideas and arguments take shape. Each paragraph should open with a topic sentence that clearly states the main point. This is followed by supporting details like evidence, examples, and analysis that back up the topic sentence.

Smooth transitions between paragraphs are key to maintaining a logical flow throughout the essay. Together, the body paragraphs build and support the thesis by adding depth and detail to your argument.

Remember these tips for effective body paragraphs:

• Begin each paragraph with a clear and concise topic sentence.
• Use specific examples, facts, or quotes to support your point.
• Explain why the evidence is important and how it relates to your argument.

The conclusion of an essay wraps up the argument and reinforces the thesis. It usually starts by restating the thesis and reflecting on the discussion and evidence presented in the body paragraphs. A brief summary of the main points follows, highlighting the key arguments made throughout the essay.

The conclusion should close with a final thought or call to action, leaving the reader with something to think about or a sense of closure. The aim is to make a lasting impression that emphasizes the importance of the essay's conclusions.

Remember these tips:

• Briefly recap the key arguments you've made.
• Leave the reader with a thought-provoking final sentence or a call to action.
• Don't introduce any new ideas or arguments in your conclusion.

How to Write an Essay Outline?

Now, let's dive into the heart of this article and show you how to write an essay outline in just four smart steps:

• Determining your thesis and key arguments
• Organizing points into sections
• Adding supporting details
• Drafting a rough outline

Determine Your Thesis and Key Arguments

Your thesis should present a specific point of view or a central idea that your essay will support or explore. Here's how to identify your thesis:

• Ask a question: What is the main point you want to convey?
• Brainstorm: Jot down ideas related to your topic.
• Refine your ideas: Narrow down your focus and develop a clear argument.

Once you have your thesis, identify the main points that support it. These points should be logical, relevant, and comprehensive.

• Divide your thesis: Break down your thesis into its key components.
• Create a mind map: Visually organize your ideas.
• Ask yourself questions: What are the main reasons for your argument? What evidence supports your claims?

Group Main Ideas into Sections

The best way to organize your main points when writing an essay outline depends on the specific topic and purpose of your essay. Experiment with different arrangements to find the one that works best for you. Here are some strategies for organizing your main points:

Add Details to Each Main Idea

When working on your essay outline, remember to choose supporting details that are relevant, specific, and convincing. The more evidence you can provide, the stronger your arguments will be. Consider these tips for developing supporting details for each one.

• Provide examples: "For example, the Great Depression led to a significant increase in homelessness and poverty."
• Cite expert opinions: "As the renowned historian, Eric Hobsbawm, once said, 'The French Revolution was a watershed moment in European history.'"
• Make comparisons and contrasts: "While both cats and dogs make excellent pets, cats are generally more independent, while dogs are more social."
• Offer definitions: "A democracy is a form of government in which the people have the power to elect their leaders."

Make a Rough Outline

Once you've developed supporting details for each main point, you're ready to create a draft outline. This outline will serve as a roadmap for your essay, guiding you through the writing process.

Here's a basic outline template:

• Background information
• Thesis statement

Body Paragraph 1

• Topic sentence
• Supporting detail 1
• Supporting detail 2
• Supporting detail 3

Body Paragraph 2

Body Paragraph 3

• Restate thesis
• Summarize key points
• Final thought

Remember to:

• Use consistent formatting: Indent supporting details.
• Label sections clearly: Use Roman numerals for main points and letters for supporting details.
• Be flexible: Adjust your outline as needed to accommodate new ideas or changes in your argument.

Essay Outline Examples

Now that you have an understanding of the basic structure of an essay outline let's explore some specific examples tailored to different essay genres. Remember, these are just templates, and you should feel free to adapt each essay outline example to fit your unique needs and writing style.

Argumentative Essay Outline

I. Introduction

• Hook: A captivating opening sentence to grab the reader's attention.
• Background information: Relevant context to the topic.
• Thesis statement: A clear and concise statement of your argument.

II. Body Paragraph 1

• Topic sentence: The main point of this paragraph.
• Supporting evidence: Facts, statistics, examples, or expert opinions to support your argument.
• Explanation: Analysis of the evidence and its relevance to your thesis.

III. Body Paragraph 2

• Topic sentence: The second main point of your argument.
• Supporting evidence: Facts, statistics, examples, or expert opinions.

IV. Body Paragraph 3

• Topic sentence: The third main point of your argument.

V. Counterargument

• Acknowledge opposing viewpoint: Briefly mention a counterargument.
• Refute counterargument: Provide evidence or reasoning to disprove the opposing viewpoint.

VI. Conclusion

• Restate thesis: Reiterate your main argument.
• Summarize key points: Briefly recap the main supporting points.
• Final thought: Leave the reader with a memorable and impactful statement.

Expository Essay Outline

• A. Hook: Start with an engaging statement or fact to grab the reader's attention.
• B. Background Information: Provide context or background information necessary for understanding the topic.
• C. Thesis Statement: Clearly state the main point or purpose of the essay.
• A. Topic Sentence: Introduce the main idea of the paragraph.
• B. Explanation/Detail: Provide a detailed explanation or description of the first point.
• C. Evidence/Example: Include evidence or examples to support the explanation.
• D. Analysis: Explain how the evidence or example supports the topic sentence.
• B. Explanation/Detail: Provide a detailed explanation or description of the second point.
• B. Explanation/Detail: Provide a detailed explanation or description of the third point.

V. Conclusion

• A. Restate Thesis: Restate the thesis in a new way, summarizing the main points of the essay.
• B. Summary of Main Points: Briefly summarize the key points discussed in the body paragraphs.
• C. Final Thought: End with a concluding statement that reinforces the significance of the topic or provides a closing thought.

Persuasive Essays Outline

• Background information: Provide context or history related to your topic.
• Thesis statement: Clearly state your argument or position.
• Main argument: Present your strongest argument in support of your thesis.
• Supporting evidence: Use facts, statistics, examples, or expert opinions to back up your argument.
• Counterargument: Briefly acknowledge an opposing viewpoint.
• Rebuttal: Refute the counterargument with evidence or reasoning.
• Main argument: Present your second strongest argument in support of your thesis.
• Main argument: Present your third strongest argument in support of your thesis.
• Restate thesis: Briefly rephrase your argument.
• Summarize key points: Recap the main supporting arguments.
• Call to action: Encourage the reader to take a specific action or adopt a particular viewpoint.

Final Words

As we sum up this article, let's recap the main steps for writing an outline:

• Determine the main argument or purpose of your essay.
• Break down your thesis into key ideas or arguments.
• Group related ideas together under clear headings.
• Include evidence, examples, and explanations for each main point.
• Arrange everything in a logical order, ensuring a smooth flow from one section to the next.

To ensure your writing is well-structured and effective, rely on EssayService, which is here to help with any type of essay.

Frequently asked questions

• Linford, J. (2014). Essay Planning: Outlining with a Purpose What Is an Outline? How Do I Develop an Outline? https://www.sjsu.edu/writingcenter/docs/handouts/Essay%20Planning%20-%20Outlining.pdf
• ‌ Writing an Outline for your essay | MacOdrum Library . (n.d.). Library.carleton.ca . https://library.carleton.ca/guides/help/writing-outline-your-essay

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Podcast: Experience/Perspective Essay (Diversity Statement) Deep Dive with Former Law School Admissions Officers

In this episode of Status Check with Spivey , Anna Hicks-Jaco speaks with three Spivey consultants—Tom Robinson, former Harvard Law Director of Admissions; Sir Williams, former Wisconsin Law Director of Admissions; and Anne Dutia, former Michigan Law Assistant Director of Admissions—about the relatively new category of law school admissions essays that we're calling " experience/perspective essays " or "E/P essays," many of which are variations on the essays previously known as "diversity statements." They walk through the specifics of what these essays can look like (going through several example prompts), how to approach those different prompts, common mistakes applicants make with these statements, traits of outstanding E/P essays, and more.

This episode is part of an ongoing deep dive series on the main components of the law school application. You can listen to our episode on personal statements   here and our episode on resumes here .

You can listen and subscribe to  Status Check with Spivey  on  ⁠⁠Apple Podcasts⁠⁠ ,  ⁠⁠Spotify⁠⁠ , and  ⁠⁠YouTube⁠⁠ .

Full Transcript:

Anna: Hello and welcome to Status Check with Spivey , where we talk about life, law school, law school admissions, a little bit of everything. I'm Anna Hicks-Jaco, Spivey Consulting's President, and today we'll be doing a deep dive into the essays that were once pretty universally categorized as "diversity statements," but which have now broadened into a wider range of essay prompts and topics—and we'll talk about the reasons for that in the episode—but we're calling that new category of essay "experience/perspective essays," or "E/P essays."

This is a continuation of a series that we're doing where we really delve into the specifics, advice, strategies related to each of the main law school application components. We did an episode on personal statements, we did an episode on resumes, you can find links to both of those in the description—and now we'll be taking a close look at these E/P essays. We'll talk through the various different types and categories that these essays can fall into, common mistakes, traits of really stand-out excellent E/P essays, and more.

I am fortunate to be joined today by three of our fantastic Spivey consultants: Tom Robinson, former Harvard Law Director of Admissions; Sir Williams, former Director of Admissions at the University of Wisconsin Law School; and Anne Dutia, former assistant director of admissions at the University of Michigan Law School. Between the three of them, we have well over 50 years of law school admissions experience on this podcast episode. They have so much great advice and so many insights to share. So without any additional delay, I'll go ahead and let them introduce themselves further.

Anne: Hello, everybody. My name is Anne Dutia, and I have been with Spivey Consulting for about seven years. I practiced law for a few years, and then I worked in admissions at the University of Michigan Law School under the wonderful Sarah Zearfoss. I served as a pre-law advisor and an undergraduate moot court coach. I'm still on the board for the American Moot Court Association as I so strongly believe in the mission and benefit of the activity for pre-law students. I'm a first-gen American and a first-gen law student. And one thing that is probably not immediately evident or even clear to folks who have known me for a long time is that I'm from and still consider Alabama my home. My family lives there, and it's where I did most of my growing up and where I went to college and law school.

Sir: Hello, everybody, I'm Sir Williams. Sir is my given first name. I did not pick it, but if you like it, let me know. I'll pass your compliments along to the chef. I am originally from Chicago, Illinois, born and raised. I went to law school at University of Wisconsin, so I graduated in 2011, practiced for a little bit, and then became Director of Admissions there from 2012 until 2019. And then I've been consulting with the firm; this will be my fifth cycle.

I'm really passionate about good storytelling in the admissions process. These types of special essays, it's one of the favorite parts of my work of helping people apply successfully, because everyone has a story, and everyone's story is interesting if you ask the right questions and if you help them craft good answers to the right questions.

Tom: Hi, everyone. My name is Tom Robinson. I've worked in higher education for about 30 years, and the last seven years have been with Spivey. I spent a few years working in financial aid, undergraduate admissions, international admissions, and about four of my seven years at Harvard working and managing the admissions office in the law school.

Over the years, I've met a lot of international students, and I really enjoy working with them through the law application process. But as a first-generation college student, I think the best thing for me about this job is that I get to sort of reveal the entire process as much as I can and help people navigate it and feel confident about the process as they move forward. So I'm looking forward to talking with you today about the experience and perspective essays.

Anna: Wonderful. Thank you all for being here. I am so lucky to have all of your perspectives on this topic. Let's go ahead and jump right in, because this is a big topic. The first thing that I was hoping to talk about was, baseline level, we are talking about this as "experience perspective essays" or "E/P essays," whereas if we had recorded this same or a similar type of podcast two years ago, we would have been talking about "diversity statements." So I'd like to talk a little bit about how and why diversity statements developed into what we're now calling these E/P essays. Does someone want to give sort of an overview for anyone who might not be familiar with the trajectory of how things have gotten to where they are now?

Anne: I am a moot court nerd, so I will give a little bit of the constitutional history. In 2023, the Supreme Court decided in Students for Fair Admissions v. Harvard that race could not be considered in higher ed admission, except for the military academies. Former lawyer, so I feel like I always have to add in all of those technicalities.

Anna: You never hear anybody bringing that up! Look at you, so nuanced.

Anne: But there was a piece of dicta, and it said that students or applicants can still mention those as long as they talk about the experiences and perspectives that were shaped by their race, and so the experience and perspective essay is a way for students to talk about the things that they would have talked about in diversity essays and are important to them, or informed their experiences, informed their motivations, and may have shaped who they are.

Sir: I was going to say, yeah, I appreciate that background and agree with how Anne described it. So for me, I don't really think that the thrust of what schools are looking for has really changed dramatically. The entire point of the application is to help them get to know you.

And so in the past, they had these prompts that were designed to give folks who've had unique, defining experiences, particularly experiences that may have come about as a function of someone's race or class or gender or some other marginalized and/or protected group, and now I think questions have evolved, because of the Supreme Court case, to be more broad, so that people who don't necessarily have defining experiences in that tight little box because you're part of some underrepresented or otherwise marginalized group, but they just want to know, hey, what have been your experiences? Everybody. What are your experiences? What's your perspective? What's informed it? Ultimately, I think the goal is, to use an analogy, to get more of a multidimensional picture of a person, as opposed to just a straight—maybe a 2D version that could be just your numbers. And maybe your personal statement, again, adds a little depth, but these experience/perspective essays or the diversity statements—those are all designed just to give a different angle, a different perspective on still you. So the goal of getting to know you: unchanged. Just how they frame the question: updated for contemporary times.

Tom: I feel like some of my clients, when I talk to them, are more interested in writing these types of essays than they were when they had the traditional diversity statement title. Because it does feel like, while the schools may still be looking for similar things, students, applicants feel a little bit more licensed to talk about things that aren't related to protected categories or ability or religion or sort of immigration status. And so now they are able to talk about things that are a little bit broader, and they feel like they might have the license to do that.

Anna: Let's get specific here. Diversity statement prompts, I think, certainly had differences between various schools' prompts, but I think by and large they were pretty similar. Now, the range of prompts that law schools are giving applicants under this umbrella term that we are using, "experience/perspective essays," "E/P essays," there are so many different options, and they take many different forms. Some of them are optional; some of them are required; some of them have seven different options for you to choose from; some are just one general, broad prompt.

Let's get into some specifics. Let's talk about what these prompts actually look like. I’m not going to get into specific schools, especially because we're looking at last year's prompts—it's August 7th; most law schools have not released their new applications yet, but we can look at last year's prompts as sort of a general idea of the various categories that these types of prompts can fall into. I think the first and probably the most common—you guys tell me if you disagree—is probably pretty simple and pretty broad.

So, I'm going to read one law school's prompt here. "X Law School is committed to achieving an expansive and inclusive law school community that brings a diverse range of ideas, experiences, and perspectives to our classroom. Tell us how your lived experience informs who you are today." And then plenty of other schools include some examples—whereas in the past, applicants might have limited themselves to certain categories here, law schools are now giving examples that make it clear that this is broader. Some of the examples that other schools have given include financial hardship, educational adversity, special talents, work or community service experience, first generation or immigrant experience, an unusual rural or urban upbringing, foreign residence, military background, unique family and/or personal circumstances, health issues, disability, surviving abuse or complex family circumstances like an incarcerated parent, homelessness, living in foster care, neurodivergence, linguistic barriers, skills built and/or lessons learned. That is a huge range of things that you can talk about when you are answering this type of prompt, and it is broader than it once was.

That's one category. Do you think this is the most common type that most law schools are falling into now? What are your thoughts on this?

Tom: I think that is pretty common, and it does seem a lot broader. I think when an applicant might be applying to 10 or 15 schools, they could get overwhelmed with trying to categorize the different ways that the schools talk about this type of essay, but what I usually encourage them to do is to just think about, these essays, broadly speaking, are talking about how your experiences sort of shape your perspectives, how your perspective might be shaped by your history, all of the experiences that you've had and how that might be something that you utilize either uniquely or not uniquely in the law school environment as a peer, as an attorney, as a student working in a clinic. So how do those experiences shape your perspectives on working with others? Generally speaking, I think if you think about it on that level, students can really come up with some really creative ideas and some strong essays.

Sir: I think it's helpful to remember that there are no right or wrong answers to these questions. Again, they're just designed to prompt you to talk about interesting things that you think the school would want to know. Again, because the school doesn't know who you are outside of the application, they can't narrowly craft their questions to get at your specific experiences. So I think what many schools are trying to do is, again, make it broad enough so that you know that your experiences, your story is welcome. There is a place for it. They want you to talk about it. They're trying to help you help them get to know you better. I'm probably going to keep coming back to that during this conversation, but this is all a big old icebreaker. Getting to know you—okay, I'm not going to sing this time; I promised myself I wouldn't, so.

Anne: But I also think that ultimately it's what we were encouraging our applicants to do with the diversity essays anyway, right? We're not approaching these too differently. I think it just, like Tom said, helps students feel a little bit more comfortable digging into their own experiences and thinking about things they believed the schools traditionally wanted, when, in fact, the schools wanted to hear about all of these things all along.

Anna: Some law schools do require this type of essay, and we'll get into that soon, but these ones that we've just looked at are optional. So, what are your all thoughts? Should everybody write these? Should only certain types of applicants write these? How should listeners determine whether they should write this essay or not?

Anne: One of our very wise colleagues talks about it this way, and I go back to it over and over in that, do you have a viewpoint or insight informed by your experiences or perspective that is less common in the law school classroom or in the legal profession, and would it be valuable, for example, in terms of the questions that you ask, or causes that you pursue? I encourage applicants to really dig into, what are those perspectives and experiences are that are differentiating, and also, how do they help you engage with the law maybe differently than the majority of the folks in law school would?

Tom: Yeah, I think that's a great way to describe it, Anne. And I think some students feel like if they don't have a story about grit and distance traveled, maybe they shouldn't write about it, but I think it's really good to pause and brainstorm. If someone was a caregiver, or if someone had some sort of client relationship that wasn't even related to the law. I read a beautiful essay today about someone who worked in a grocery store. So, you know, ideas about how they connect with others and how they build rapport with people, I think those kinds of topics can be really wonderful for this type of essay. If it's not required by a school, I think maybe you should still consider and really spend some time trying to brainstorm what you might bring to a client relationship, to working with peers, or to helping people tell their stories, or to empowering peers, what kind of role you play in teams—think about that perspective and how that might help an admissions officer get in your corner as they're reading your application.

Anne: Tom, that brings to mind my own personal statement from, let's just say, more than a quarter century ago.

Tom: My statement was handwritten, so it was so long ago.

Anne: But it was what I learned about people and myself from waiting tables, and just how working in the service industry really helped me interact with a wide variety of people and understanding kind of the commonalities, but then also meeting people where they were, and I love how you brought that in with the caregiver. Maybe my essay is not as cringy as I'm remembering it, because I'm sure that I wasn't as good a writer, and I'm sure that I wasn't incorporating all of this great advice, but I am hoping that maybe one day I can find it and polish it up to make it look as good as our clients' might.

Sir: I think there is a very common misconception that, in order to speak to these types of prompts, it has to be coming from a place of, "I've overcome this obstacle," or "There was some sort of drama involved in my process to get to here." I worked with someone who is at a top three school now whose statement really focused on the fact that they grew up in an ethnic enclave in Miami, and being around people that looked like them and had the same faith as them who were like, really successful, just motivated them and said, I don't have any excuse for not being able to achieve anything I want, because there are doctors and there are lawyers and there are all these things that people can do, people who look like me ,who came from where I came from, whose parents came from where my parents came from, they're all doing it. So their way of processing that was "I don't have any excuses," and they pushed themselves to sort of do their very best all the time, and it worked out for them. Now, that doesn't take anything away from anybody who had to overcome major obstacles. But at the same time, for me, it illustrated that this doesn't have to be a sad story. You don't have to manufacture drama. Your law school application is not Shondaland. I love Grey's Anatomy, but I'm there for the drama. They're not coming to your application for the drama, necessarily.

Anne: Insights can be derived from success as well. That's what the schools are interested in; they're interested in the insights you've derived from your experiences.

Tom: Yeah, and I think on the other side of that, Sir, is when someone has a real story of perseverance or they have what a lot of admissions people call "distance traveled"—distance traveled is the concept that you may be entering law school just like hundreds of other people at your school, but maybe you had to cross a lot more distance, a lot more barriers, a lot more challenges you had to encounter to get there. And so, some people who do have grit or perseverance that they could talk about in their essay worry about trying to capitalize on that or be perceived as trying to have some sort of admission advantage because of that. That's something to definitely process with people who are mentors and things like that as you write essays, but it is something that I think is really important to share with admissions committees and talk about that distance traveled and grit and perseverance if that's something that really belongs in the essay. Then certainly I think you should feel comfortable sharing it, because admissions officers also want to know that. So it doesn't have to be there. If it's part of your experience, then definitely share it. That can be really helpful.

Anna: We've been doing this as a series where we're doing a deep dive into the various different application components. We did one on personal statements. We did one on resumes. And I think a big theme throughout both of those episodes has been authenticity. And it's such a big theme in all of the content that we put out, honestly. And I think that's important to remember here. If it is your authentic experience and what your life experiences have led you to this point and who you are today, and those experiences have been difficult and hard to get through, you've encountered adversities that most other people have not—if that's an authentic part of who you are, then you should write about it. If it's not, then don't fabricate it. Don't make it up. You don't have to.

So we've been talking about these optional E/P essays. Let's look at a required essay prompt. Most schools do not, but some schools are requiring this general type of essay, and I think that is a different category that people have to think about, especially if they ultimately determine, "I don't think I'm going to write these optional ones."

I'm going to read out one law school's required experience or perspective essay prompt. It reads, "The admissions committee makes every effort to understand who you are as an individual and potential X Law School student and graduate. Please share how your experiences, background, and/or interests have shaped you and will shape your engagement in the X Law School community and the legal profession."

Let's talk about that a little bit. This essay is required. How do you all advise applicants to start brainstorming how they want to answer this question? Especially if they maybe took a look at those optional prompts and decided, I don't think it makes sense for me to submit this. But for schools that require it, now they have to choose a topic. They have to figure out what to write about. How do we brainstorm?

Sir: I take a very linear, logical, and maybe boring approach to this. I say, "What is it that I want people to remember about me when they put this thing down?" Whenever I start writing something in the context of a law school application or an application generally. So if I'm making a statement, I have to be really clear on what I'm trying to communicate; everything else will flow from that. If you're not really clear why you're telling a story, you will very easily—and I know this from personal experience as a rambler—you will get lost in that story, and you won't remember why you started. No one else is going to remember why you started or where you were going, and it's messy. It doesn't have to be that way. So the easiest thing—I'm not saying it's easy to execute, but maybe a simple way to start—is to figure out, okay, so they're asking me to talk about my experiences or background and things that have shaped me. Okay, well, what do I want to say? What has shaped me, and what was the impact? What did it actually do? So what was the event, person, or thing, and what was the outcome? How did it change me? And then the next part could be, okay, and then why is that relevant to this law school experience?

Because if you approach it from that frame, you can take almost any experience, I think, and make it relevant. If you're thoughtful, then you'll be able to not just pick any experience but your best experience. I'll give you a super quick example. I sold women's shoes at Nordstrom all five years of college. Knowing what I know now, I feel like I could crush one of these statements just talk about selling women's shoes, and people would say, "Well, what does selling women's shoes have to do with the law?"

Anne: Like waiting tables?

Sir: Right, waiting tables, watching paint dry, requires a lot of attention to detail and a lot of focus and commitment. I know it sounds marketing-y and spin-y. And I'm not saying you have to be that dramatic, but again, there really are really cool, interesting stories about things that you might feel are just very mundane and normal. "Yeah, I commuted an hour and a half to school every day each way. It's not a big deal. It's just what I had to do." Wait a minute, what? Stop! Let's talk about that. That's different.

Anne: I think people have a lot of trouble seeing themselves as other people see them and what might be interesting or extraordinary about them. Like, commuting an hour and a half to school every day, or even both ways—that's a lot. And also, thinking about what that person did during that time or what they did when traffic held them up, I think those kinds of things are interesting. If we're going to go back to an analogy, that "distance traveled" is harder than, you know, somebody who lived on campus, and they didn't have that time to study or to go visit with professors in office hours. They were missing out on that time because they had to invest that time traveling.

Tom: Yeah, I think that's very true. And changing gears a little bit, I think sometimes it's, if you are looking at your overall school list and there are a couple of schools on there that require a life experience or perspective essay, then maybe start there. A lot of people might write their personal statement or statement of purpose first. Think about the life experiences essay and really put some time into it, because you might find something, just as Sir and Anne have been describing, that is really compelling from a very simple job or responsibility that you had, and that thing might then come out and be a great essay, and if it is, you can use that for multiple schools, even the ones where these essays are optional. That can also obviously save you time. Columbia last year added an optional perspective/life experience essay, but they also had other essays, so you might be able to use the essay more broadly for lots of different schools.

And, sometimes, it is a process, so you'll find a brainstorming partner and try to think through what the topics could be. I had a client who was really struggling to find a topic, and he settled on something related to intuition, like interpersonal intuition was his topic—I don't want to, you know, obviously get too into that, but it ended up being a wonderful essay, and I think it was something fresh and authentic.

And I guess another piece of advice with this, and this kind of goes with what Sir and Anne have been saying too, is that it's good to understand what a school wants out of this prompt, but don't try to write what you think they want to hear. And I think those are different things. So, what they want is to build a class that's full of people who can bring different attributes, and those attributes in these essays can be really broad, as we've talked about. But at the same time, don't try to tell them what you think they want to hear. Try to look within yourself and come up with a topic from there. That's when things like caregiving or intuition or common moments in your life or something you do naturally could be really relevant to how you might work with clients in the future. Those types of things can, I think, add a more personal, more emotional touch to your application. So, you know, this essay can really be an advantage for folks.

Anne: One thing that we talked about in the personal statement deep dive was self-awareness. And I think that's also really important for this essay. Having some self-awareness or spending some time with self-examination and thinking about where you've come from, the trajectory that you're on, and the insights that are derived from those. I think that the best essays, in general, whether they're personal statements or experience essays, are those that demonstrate that self-awareness and how you're situated in the world and what that means for you. Honestly, that's really hard when you've only been alive 20 years, right? With homework and tests and the rest of your life, people don't have a whole lot of time to sit there and gaze at their navel and think about their lives. I recommend engaging in at least a little bit of that to think about what kind of insights you can offer and then maybe work backwards as to the experiences and perspectives that developed those insights.

Anna: All excellent advice. I think it's all contributing to that multidimensional picture, as Sir was saying, of who you are and what you're bringing to a law school.

So, another way that law schools incorporate asking about your experience or your perspective is by actually incorporating it into the personal statement prompt. This is more uncommon, I think. Last year, there was at least one law school that did it this way, where instead of having separate essays for "here's your personal statement" and "here's where we're asking about your experience or perspective," they basically combined it and said, "Here's your personal statement; it can be up to five pages"—and I'm guessing none of you would encourage people to write that full five pages, but I won't put words in your mouth—and basically said, okay, talk about your interests and motivations for law school, your typical personal statement type prompt, but then also folded in elements of asking about your experience or your perspective.

So, what is your advice for applicants who, maybe they've written a personal statement; maybe they've even written one or a few versions of an experience or perspective essay. They have these two separate narratives. What advice do you have for combining those into one sort of cohesive essay? Or do they even need to combine it into a cohesive essay? Could it maybe just be, "and here's this other topic that I want to talk about," without really combining them?

Sir: I think that both are possible. Obviously, you have to pay attention to the instructions that the schools provided, but oftentimes, your stories and experiences tie into these big universal things. And so combining two things that don't seem like they're connected is really just an exercise in thinking about, okay, what is the common denominator? And I'm not going to go long with this math analogy because I suck at it and I hate it, but that's really kind of what it comes down to.

And so I love that we're having this whole conversation and we've talked about three or four different types of prompts so far, because for me, again, at the end, they're all getting toward a similar thing. And so, if you've ever seen a really good politician, they'll agree to go on anyone's show. The questions that they're going to be asked are almost an afterthought to the talking points they have in their head when they go into it. So no matter what questions you ask me, I'm going to make sure that you know that I love puppies and that if I get elected there's going to be Kool-Aid coming out of the water fountain. It doesn't matter what question you ask me. I'm going to make sure I say those things. That's how my team has prepared me. And so similarly, I think coming into an application, it's really helpful if you're thinking about, no matter what question I encounter, I'm going to share this thing about me. I look at these different prompts as different vehicles I have to choose from. Am I going to be driving a Ford today or a Toyota? It doesn't matter. They have four doors or two doors and wheels, and they're going to get you where you need to go. It takes a lot of that sort of, I think, anxiety out of it, about "Oh, I don't know what they're going to ask. They could ask me 20 different things." I have to be very careful, because I want to say that it doesn't matter what they ask you—no, it does. You have to follow directions. But thinking a little bit deeper beyond the surface level of what the question is, and thinking about why they're asking the question, can sometimes help with that brainstorming. "What would they possibly get about me from my answer to this question?" And that can help you get really warm or hot about where you should focus your attention and storytelling effort.

Anne: And Sir, I think that's great advice for interviews as well.

Tom: That's true.

Anna: So I'd like to talk about a couple more categories of prompts that applicants might encounter when they are searching, "Okay, where is the place that I can put my experience perspective type of essay?" One of those types is pretty similar to the first category that we talked about, where it's just giving you the optional opportunity to talk about your experience or perspective, and that is law schools that give a broadly-defined addendum prompt that may be used for an experience or perspective essay.

So traditionally, law school addenda have been pretty limited in the subject matter that law schools are looking for: explaining your LSAT score if you think they need additional context on that, explaining your undergraduate GPA if they need additional context on that, explaining any character and fitness issues. Those were sort of the three main categories of addenda, with, of course, tons of little one-off situations where, you know, this one individual has to include this information, so they include an addendum. But a few schools have broadened their addendum prompt to specifically ask for this experience and perspective type of information from applicants.

So that's just something that I think applicants should look out for if they are going to an application and wondering where to put this essay, is that, it might be under the addendum, even if that's not what an addendum typically in the past would have included. So just be aware of that. And that, I think the considerations are very similar for the first category that we talked about, where it's just an optional, typical type of experience/perspective essay.

Another type of situation that I would like to flag is that—most schools did not do this, but at least a couple of schools did not include any essay or prompt that specifically got at or used any type of language to indicate experience, perspective, this type of essay that previously might have been a diversity statement and now is broader. For at least one of those schools, we talked to their dean of admissions, and they specifically told us, the addendum slot is where you would put that essay, even though they don't specifically let you know. So that's another thing that I want to flag for applicants to be aware of, is that even if you don't see a specific prompt for it, it could make sense in the addendum spot. Now, certainly read over the instructions carefully. If they specify, "these are the only things we want to see in an addendum," don't do it that way. But if a law school leaves it open-ended, which I think some law schools did so very intentionally, of saying "this can be used to address any of the many topics you may wish to include," that might be an appropriate place for your experience or perspective essay.

Tom: I totally agree, and I think in the past, I would always advise folks to be very careful, be very brief with addenda. Now, with this sort of inclusion of a broader addendum, even, you know, that could fit the life experience essay, I think that makes sense. And if you already have a strong essay that you've written for one of the other schools because it was required or because you wanted to, yeah, definitely consider doing that. And the school might wonder why you didn't.

Sir: I think the flipside of the coin is that some of these prompts actually say, "Use your best judgment," which is code for, "We're judging you based off of the decisions you're making"—

Sir: —which is code for, don't include your thesis. I know you think it's interesting, but the application is already like 30 pages long. When you think of all of the essays and resumes and transcripts and letters of recommendation, it's not good judgment to drop your master's thesis in there, or that 32-page, single-spaced response that you wrote because you felt like it was brilliant. That's where, again, talking to people that like, know and love you but who will also be honest with you, can be a good thing. Like Tom was saying, you have to fight this urge, maybe, not to talk about things that you should, because maybe you don't think they're that interesting, but then you have to also be aware of the other side of the coin. I won't name that side of the coin, but there is a name for it. And the application process—it's all about you, in doses. Brevity is a virtue when it comes to applications, I often think, again as long as you're including everything that should be there.

Anne: We used to talk about application files that landed with a "thud" back when we were reading paper applications.

Tom: Right.

Anna: And that is not a positive thing.

Anna: So, let's talk about another type of prompt, and honestly, at this point, it starts to get really divergent. There are lots of different types of ways that law schools can ask this question, that law schools did ask this question last cycle; there might be ways that they're going to ask it this upcoming cycle that we aren't even anticipating. But I'd like to look at one school's prompt that did it in a way that is slightly different from the way that a lot of other schools did it, which is that they gave a bunch of different options for things to talk about, some of which are pretty squarely within the experience/perspective type of essay, and some of which are different, and some of which offer opportunities to talk about totally separate things. And they give a pretty short word limit, 250 to 500 words per prompt, for these optionals.

So I'm just going to read this out. "Our admissions process is guided by the view that a law school class that includes actively engaged students who possess a variety of skills, personal qualities, and life experiences helps to advance the law school's mission, improves the learning process, and enriches the educational experience for all. Please write one or two short essays from the list below."

The options that they give include, "What does the rule of law mean to you, and what special background or experience do you have that may help you contribute to its advancement or that underscores its importance to you personally?" Second one they have is, "The promise of equal justice is fundamental to our legal system. Why is equal justice important to you personally, and what personal experiences or knowledge do you have that may help you to become an effective advocate for equal justice under law?" Their third prompt is, "Exposure to a diversity of perspectives and experiences can enhance one's ability to deliver effective professional services. Please describe any opportunities you have had to serve clients or your community, either through work or on a volunteer basis, and how your own exposure to different perspectives and experiences helped you." Their fourth option is, "Lawyers are members of a learned profession and are often called to serve the public in a variety of ways. Please describe your interest in public service and any experience that you have had to prepare you for a life of service in the public interest." Fifth one they give you: "Please describe your interest in learning the law in an open, rigorous, and collaborative environment. Why is a commitment to the free expression of ideas so important in the learning process?" And their last option is, "What does ethical leadership mean to you? Please provide examples of how you have prepared yourself to become an ethical leader."

Okay, so let's say an applicant comes to any of the three of you and says, "Hey, we've written these experience/perspective essays; I've adapted it for different schools; we've written this personal statement. Now I've come across this huge thing. What advice do you have?" I know to some extent it's going to depend on the individual, but what advice generally do you have for approaching this type of very broad essay prompt that really gives you a variety of different options for how you want to talk about various topics that might be relevant to you?

Anne: I like that they are fairly narrowly tailored questions, so even if you had to write a new essay, I think that, for people who enjoy writing, this could be an interesting exercise. For people who want to, I think, use essays that they've already written, number three or number five tend to be ones that they could adapt what they've already written. I actually like this prompt, because I think that it allows students to explore or share facets of their experience that they maybe wouldn't have considered otherwise.

Tom: One pitfall that could happen with this particular school is, if you have a perspective or life experience essay that you already like, then you might be tempted to submit it as part of your "different perspectives" prompt the school offers. But I think it's really important to, what all of us have been talking about, which is "read the instructions." Because a lot of life experience/perspective essays don't exactly answer this particular prompt, because it says, please describe any opportunities you've had to serve clients in your community on a volunteer basis, so they're kind of looking for a particular population that you've been serving with that perspective. It's not just sort of a copy-and-paste and bring in a general perspective essay and put it here. So it's really important to pay attention to that prompt. It is an opportunity to maybe reuse that essay in a practical way, but then also look at the other essays and think about maybe there's something else—a shorter 250 words, for example—that you might want to include as well.

Anna: Great advice from both of you. I'd like to look at a couple more prompts. Believe it or not, there are more types still yet to come.

We've talked a lot about prompts that have broadened the scope of what they are looking for from what previously would have been a diversity statement. There are some schools that narrowed what they're looking for and get very specific as far as the type of essay that they're looking for. One of these types of essays is really focused on adversity. So we've talked a lot about the variety of different ways that your identity, your perspective, your experiences have informed who you are and how you can talk about those, and they don't have to be about adversity, they don't have to be about hurdles that you had to cross—but some schools do get very specific and ask for that.

I'm going to read one law school's prompt that sort of falls within this category. They say, "We recognize that some applicants have faced and overcome particular challenges in life thus far. In this optional section, we invite you to share any information about adversity or challenges that you would like us to consider about your personal life experiences. This may include socioeconomic challenges, educational challenges, health issues, disability, immigration status, surviving abuse, or complex family circumstances like an incarcerated parent, homelessness, living in foster care, or others. This is not an inclusive list, but simply an opportunity, if you wish, to share any additional aspects of your background that may give us a deeper understanding of your strengths and who you are."

Thoughts/advice on this type of prompt? Because it is narrower than those that we've been talking about.

Sir: Even with this one, they're sort of narrow up front and signaling "these are the types of things we had in mind," then even they at the end put this catch-all, "this is not an inclusive list. You can go off the rails here if you want. But be careful; we are judging you." Any additional aspects of your background that may give us a deeper understanding of your strengths and who you are—at the end of the day, they want to know about these things, not just because you can check a box, not just because you can claim membership in a group, but they're curious about how these parts of your background—and in this case, primarily adversities—how they've strengthened you and made you who you are. So why are you so passionate about this justice issue? It's an opportunity to help make sense of all of the other information you've provided about yourself in the application process. It provides context for why, during college, maybe you weren't as focused on your grades as you could have been, because there was other more important stuff going on, like college was a means to an end: get the degree so I can support my family. "C's get degrees"—that's not exactly the mantra you want to march into your law school applications with, but at the same time, though, I advise people when I'm talking with them, I always say, look, it's about making your application make sense. It's not that people have to agree with your decisions, but they do want them to make sense. They want them to resolve in the way that musical chords do. When you put certain notes together, it just sounds right, and if you put stuff not together, you don't have to know anything about music to say, "that just sounds weird." It's unsatisfying. I often tell people, when you're faced with an optional prompt, really be thinking about, is this sort of adding to the harmony? Is this sort of completing something that was maybe left unresolved, a question that came up, or is this just you wanting to talk more? Because if you want to talk more, talk to me, but leave it out of the application.

Anna: If you were talking to an applicant, they came to you and they had written their experience or perspective essay for other schools, and it was of the nature of the sort of one that you were talking about earlier with the applicant who lived in Miami and had this joyful experience of his culture and his identity. In this hypothetical, the essay is all that tone; it's about the positive aspects and doesn't really touch on adversity at all. In this type of situation, would you advise that applicant to submit it anyway, given that they do have that sort of catch-all at the end? Would you advise them to try to adapt it or write something completely different? I think this is a situation that some applicants are probably going to come across.

Sir: It would be case-by-case. My default would probably be, if you don't really have any adversity to talk about, let's not. But let's not end the conversation there; let's talk a little bit more. Because some people might view exactly those things you described—growing up in an enclave with a bunch of people that looked like you and feeling sheltered—they might describe those as negatives, as adversity. Think of the immigrant kid whose parents are just so focused on success in America, "You're going to be a STEM major. That's all you can do. Are you going to be a doctor or an engineer? Which one? Because all this other stuff, I haven't heard of that, and that doesn't count. I don't care about what you want to do personally." You could have been a straight-A engineering student, but you could just be very unfulfilled. And so even though it was a sort of boon, it was an adversity and a thing that you had to overcome, too, the ability to speak truth to power and tell the person that's maybe funding the degree that you don't want that. I would get really specific into that person's circumstances. I would feel comfortable assessing and giving them advice on, like, maybe what I would do if I were in their shoes. But I would also be careful not to supplant my judgment for theirs. If they feel strongly about it, then let's figure out a way to make it work. If they feel strongly about not wanting to do it, I'm absolutely not going to force it, because then I think that forcing them to do it, it'll come through.

Anne: I think that's wonderful, Sir, because it's the digging into the way that somebody told the story originally and requiring them to see it maybe from a slightly different angle, or even appreciate their lived experience in a way that's a little bit different from how they had originally thought about it, because our story and what we go through, I think, changes with the more life that we live and how we think about what we've been through, and something that we thought was wonderful at one point or awful at one point, we may re-evaluate with kind of greater life experience.

Tom: I agree with what you both said. And applicants probably put a higher bar for grit and perseverance, like what qualifies as something that I should write about. Sir, I think your example of someone feeling intense family pressure to do one thing or another, from a cultural perspective or from a personal family perspective, that can be really intense. I've definitely had international clients, particularly women from East Asia, write about social pressures and expectations. "You have to be married before you're 30." These are things that are really intense for some applicants. "A professional role is not really what this is meant for, and even investment in a legal education is wasteful." I'm not trying to say parents are awful, but there are some pressures that are really there about having children and raising a family, and how does law school fit into that? So people can write about these things after they reflect on them, as you were saying, Anne.

Anne: Tom, one of my favorite diversity statements—that was the type of essay when we wrote it—was a young woman who reflected on having wonderful, supportive, loving family and lots of extended family all around, and their greatest ambition for her was that she could make a perfectly round tortilla, because that meant that she would be a good manager of her home, or she would be able to be a good housewife. And one of the harder things she had to do was break away from that and show that she could still do this but also have the career that she wanted. So I love that you showed how even loving, supportive, kind of Pollyanna-like life experiences can have expectations that people have to work against.

Anna: The only thing I would add there is that writing about your family, or writing about experiences that you've had in the framework of challenges or adversities, does not take away from the positive and wonderful things about your family. I think a lot of applicants can sometimes feel guilty or bad about writing about things under that framework of adversities and challenges, because they're thinking to themselves, you know, "no, my family loves me; they've done all these wonderful things for me; I shouldn't be talking about the difficulties that I've experienced in that context, because they've been so great," and feeling like it is a slight against them or takes away from any of the positive things that they have gotten from their family, from their parents. So I just wanted to flag that you should not feel that guilt, and that talking about things from a multitude of different perspectives, just because you have this one side doesn't take away from the other side, doesn't take away from all of the positives. So do look at it in a nuanced way and think about things in ways that you might not have in the past, but recognize that that doesn't invalidate anything else about your identity, or your family, or your culture.

Sir: Quickly, one of our colleagues, Jordana, I think she writes a blog; she definitely writes LinkedIn posts about basically being, like, a recovering perfectionist. And it's so fascinating because, on the outside, these really high-performing people that seem to get all the things, it'd be really easy to assume that they get all the things and that life is great because of it. But the other side of that coin is really intense, very high expectations, sometimes unrealistic, and that in and of itself can be a real barrier. Right now we're in the midst of the Olympics; there are so many stories of that there. You look at Simone Biles pulling out of the Olympics, and everybody's like, "Oh, my God, what are we going to do? I can't believe," but it's like, wait a minute. Or 100 meters, the marquee track and field event, and there's so much pressure on the U.S. favorite to win the whole thing, and when they don't, they're not even talking about the person who won. It's "this person lost"—that's got to be terrible. Your reward for being consistently good is that people are always asking you what's next. It's like, "Oh my god, you graduated from college; that's so wonderful, so when are you getting married?" "Oh, you're married, that's great, so when are you having kids?" "Oh, you've got kids, so when are you having another one?" Wait! What? What's happening here?

Tom: You're stressing me out!

Sir: Like, wow.

Anne: You're making me reevaluate some of my life story!

Sir: Like Anne was saying, sometimes it takes a little bit of sitting and stewing and maybe talking to people that you trust who know you well. But there often, almost always is a story in there somewhere. It's just about being in the space to sort of realize it and maybe shift your thinking a little bit so that you can see it. And if you can't do that for yourself, which most people can't, find a partner who can help you do that.

Anna: Great advice.

So there is one last category of prompt that I would like to talk about—and this one is pretty different from most of the other prompts that we've been talking about—and this is the prompt that specifically gets at "communicating across differences" or working with people who have different perspectives from you or who you disagree with.

So I'll read one school's prompt that, this was their only prompt of this nature; they did not have another sort of experience/perspective essay type option. And this school said: "At X Law School, we value the ability to communicate constructively across differences, even when the stakes are high or the differences significant. Please discuss a time when you encountered a viewpoint that contrasted with your own and explain how you responded. Would you do anything different if the same thing happened today?"

That's one very specific way of framing it. I think some other schools have either one option, or this is their main option, where it's similar, not necessarily the exact same framing. So, as with all of these, read every school's instructions carefully and be sure you are answering the question that they ask. But for this type of prompt generally, about communicating across differences and having these ideological differences with your peers or with people with who you're working with, what advice do you give applicants for this one? Because it is so different.

Tom: I think law schools, like many other places, many other schools and universities across the country, are trying to figure out how to encourage communication and how to help people understand what it means to disagree and disagree well.

Law schools train people to disagree, advance the best arguments, and to problem-solve and use strategy. But at the same time, it seems like, in some cases, people are talking past each other; people are not communicating. So they want to really emphasize right from the very beginning that these are priorities for them. They want people to disagree, but they want them to do it well.

When I was at HLS, and I don't know if they are still using this quote, but Dean Manning used to say, "Listen generously and disagree strenuously"—he would say that at orientation, he would say that in writing, and I think it might have been partially from RBG, a Ruth Bader Ginsburg quote as well. But the idea is, what they really want to emphasize and see among their students is the ability to disagree well, to not burn a bridge in order to win an argument or to score a point even if no one's listening. I think these essays, if you're keeping that in mind, this can be a real opportunity to show them that you can do that. It doesn't have to be a major disagreement, but it could be, and it's all about how you disagree and how you try to listen and what you can illustrate around those points through these essays.

You know, I think there might be more of this type of thing from schools, either during interview questions—because also this year I've noticed it in interview questions, not just in writing for a couple of schools—so I think it's something that schools are really interested in, and they want to hear applicants talk about real-life situations where they've disagreed. Maybe they didn't change anyone's mind. Maybe they changed their own mind, which is always, I think, a gift when someone can educate you. All those themes can come through in these essays if you think of the right examples and do them well.

Anne: Law school discussions can get heated, especially when you're talking about hot button issues. I think law schools are really interested, can you disagree with someone without being disagreeable? And can you try to get to a common understanding, or are you someone who digs in and isn't willing to listen to others? To be clear, you do not want to communicate that if you are. But I think what they're looking for are people who can really listen to others, as well as staying grounded in their own beliefs and communicating those, and seeing if there's any way forward with arriving at a common understanding. And I think that's what these types of questions are designed to uncover.

Sir: I look at this type of question, and I go back to, why they would possibly be asking me this question? What positive things about me could they glean from my answer to this question if I do it right? And maybe it's an opportunity to signal that I'm mature and self-aware, that I understand people and I have some empathy and I can play well with others. In this world, particularly in this country where our last few elections have been pretty close, it's not hard to imagine a scenario when you're going to have people that strongly disagree with you on really significant things. To Anne's point, what you can't do is signal your worst impulses. "Oh, I sat there and cried like a baby, and then I punched that guy out." That's not going to get you admitted. It might get you committed, but not admitted. So I think it's about figuring out, like, all right, this question is an opportunity again for me to say one more thing, for me to give them a little more information about who I am. What are those best qualities and virtues that I want to put forward? Now that I've got those locked in, what's the best story I can tell, the best example I can give within these limited parameters, one to two pages? What can I talk about that's really going to bring people to this conclusion without me even having to explicitly say it? "I'm really smart and mature and well-adjusted and I can play well with others." You can't say those things, because no one's going to believe you, but if you tell the right story, they'll come to the conclusion on their own. And then it feels like their idea. And now you've got somebody rooting for you in the process.

Anna: All great advice. Let me throw out another hypothetical. Let's say an applicant comes to you all, and they have a specific element of their identity, you know, maybe it's their race or ethnicity, maybe it's that they were an immigrant, maybe it's their gender identity or their sexuality, they have some element of themselves that is really important to who they are, and that they want to communicate that to law schools because it is really important to who they are. Do you recommend, in a situation where this kind of seems to be the only prompt that is vaguely in the realm of experience/perspective, do you recommend that they find a way to incorporate that information into this essay, that they find a way to incorporate it into some other essay, or somewhere else in the application? What's your advice for someone coming across this difficult question?

Tom: Personally, I think it gets back to authenticity. I did have a client, she was on a trip with someone, and they were walking from one place to another, and they were from very different backgrounds, and they had very different beliefs. So it was in the context of their own sort of identities, and there was a dialogue—maybe it was a disagreement—and that was a place where it sort of naturally fit that she could share some of her own identities, so I think that would feel authentic. If it feels artificial at all... I was probably one of the more generous readers of essays when I was working directly in admissions. You know, I would read an essay and think, "Oh, that was beautiful," and someone else could read it and say, "Well, that seems a little contrived." People have different responses, and I do feel like admissions people have read thousands of essays, and they will see something that isn't authentic. So you have to be careful if you're trying to get that sort of life experience content into an essay like this.

Anna: Great advice, Tom, for this type of situation. As with all of this, it's so nuanced, it's so individual.

Our team looks extremely closely at law schools' applications and what they're specifically asking for and the options that they give applicants. Those are sort of the main categories that we identified this past cycle. Now, will there be new categories this upcoming 2024–2025 cycle? Maybe. But I think we covered the bases of what most schools are going to be asking.

I'd like to talk a little bit more broadly, now that we've gone through those specific types of prompts. What are some common mistakes or pitfalls that applicants fall into when they are going to write this type of essay?

Sir: I'll quickly jump in. I think I said it before, but sometimes people feel that it needs to be sad or bad or high drama, and so again that forces them to either make something up entirely or embellish a normal situation. And I think it's a mistake, but it's also a missed opportunity. I think Tom has said a few times "authenticity," and that really is it. They want to get to know the real you. And again, that doesn't mean oversharing, so, which kind of ties into another mistake for people where it is true, and life really has been that dramatic. This essay, in specific, it shouldn't be like a therapy session. You really have to be cognizant of why you're telling the story, because if you're telling it to generate pity and make people sad, you're going to tell it a specific way. But if you're just telling it to give context for you being great and fine where you are, if you're telling it for the purpose of "distance traveled," that story looks different, even though it's the same base story.

Anne: I think, just to build on that, don't assume that the conclusion is a given. Help the reader understand what you want the takeaway to be. That doesn't mean that you have to hit them over the head with a hammer, but guide them to what you want that conclusion to be. Do your experiences make you particularly compassionate, overall, or with a certain population of people? Or could it make you a champion for this particular group? Could it make you a source of support for others similarly situated, either in law school or the legal community or the broader community? Are you going to be a thought leader, right? Are you going to be out there asking questions that other people don't think to ask? Leave the reader with some sense of how this experience has primed you to engage with the law and to use the law to make the changes you want to see in the world.

Tom: I really like what you both said there. And one of the things that I've seen—I was reading maybe 15 or 20 perspective essays for a different sort of project I'm working on, and one of the things I noticed is that, in some essays, even really good ones, there's a significant amount of the territory of the essays on other people, and I think some essays can be about others. That could be for a couple of reasons. Maybe the applicant is just nervous to talk about themselves really in a personal way. Maybe they've been trained to speak in the third person, and only talk in data and research, and suddenly this sort of self-revelatory essay, whether it's about something as simple as empathy or something really important to them in a more dramatic way, it's really important for the essay to be about the applicant, and that sounds silly to say, but often, someone's experience can be really shaped by a parent or a grandparent or an important person in their lives, and it's important to share that person's background, but it's also critical to get right into why that changed you, how that changed you, what it meant to you, how you interpreted what happened. It's okay if the first draft is a whole page about another person, but the last draft shouldn't be. As you get into it, really draw those lines from what you learned from that person or what you learned from that situation, and also connect them to how that shapes your contributions in law school. A lot of people think, "I heard that I shouldn't talk about other people, so I'm not going to do it at all." That's maybe an overreaction. I hear that a lot; there are some podcasts out there, "Don't talk about other people in your essays." I don't think that's a problem at all, unless you're doing it too much. And there's not a lot of territory, so you can't do very much, but it's not necessarily, in my opinion, a negative thing to talk about someone who's been a mentor or inspired you.

Anna: Another common mistake that I would add with these essays is that, because they are so different from one another now, because there's such a wide variety of these types of prompts, I think one mistake that applicants can make is just submitting the same type of essay without looking over those different prompts, without addressing the specific questions that are being asked. Many of these have very different length requirements. Some will allow you up to two pages. We talked about the personal statement that was allowed up to five pages. Some of them are 300 words. So there's a huge variety of what law schools are asking for with this sort of umbrella of "E/P essays." That's one common mistake is not to pay attention to those differences and make sure that you are following the instructions and answering the questions asked. Any other mistakes?

Sir: I just want to underline yours, I think it was a really good one, Anna, that people underestimate the importance of following instructions. That's a big folly. I mean, law is all about instructions. Whole documents and lives can turn on a word, an "if," or a "but," and so the people reviewing your application, if they weren't intimately involved with creating the application form, they've certainly read that application form several hundred times. So without even trying, they're very sensitive to exactly what their application is asking. And so, to the extent that you turn in something that doesn't fit, or if you decide to be cute and make your margins eight tenths of an inch instead of an inch, like, they're going to instantly know it, just because they've been exposed so much. Following instructions to me is critically important, because you never know if you're just going to meet that weirdo in the process who's just going to be like, "Oh, trash, because your margins were too big." That's not fair, and it's not normal, but you don't know. So don't play that game.

Anne: What I always say is, you want them predisposed to liking you, so you don't want to either overstay your welcome by writing too much or trying to stretch what they've asked for.

Tom: Picking up what Sir said, too, is the header—because the essay prompts, either a number or the title of it could be different from school to school, it could be just "Addendum 2" or whatever—so that should change. You might be tempted to have a PDF that's just your perspective essay. Just make sure the header is really specific to the school's instructions. Some schools have really specific instructions, some schools have none, but just tailor it to each school's general prompt.

Anna: Great advice, and one of those little things that people don't necessarily have on their radar but that they should.

I'd like to end on discussing some of the traits of really excellent, standout, A+ experience or perspective essays. You all have one admissions cycle of experience reading these types of essays, and then many more cycles of admissions experience reading diversity statements. So based on all of that experience reading thousands of essays that are either within this category or could fall within this category, what are the common attributes among the ones that are just really stand-out excellent?

Sir: They tend to be really thoughtful and intentional. It just feels just right. It's weird, but it's satisfying in a way. It's like Anne was saying, you didn't stay too long, you didn't give me too much detail, you weren't glib. It's just balanced, I guess, is the one-word response to it. That it's just well thought out and balanced. And I think that's possible for everybody, because no one is forcing you—in theory—no one's forcing you to turn your applications in on a specific day. There was a time constraint in terms of how much time you had to study for the LSAT, but this, with these essays, in theory you have unlimited time, or at least more, and so I think that the expectations are higher than they would be for your LSAC writing sample, for example, because again, that was contemporaneous and it was timed, and they sprung that on you. No one sprung these prompts on you. I think people have a right to be persnickety about you following instructions and making sure that it's just the best work that you can muster.

Tom: I guess my response to that question blends the last topic we were on, which is problems that you can encounter writing these essays. Sometimes an applicant might have 2 or 3 parts of themselves they want to talk about in an essay, and they might present it sort of as part 1, part 2, part 3. Whenever I see that in an essay, I always want to think about, what's the through-line? What's the synthesis? What have you learned from it? What can you teach—you've had these experiences, whether it was working in a restaurant, or being a caregiver, or being the target of discrimination, what's the thing that ties it together for you—something that you can teach the reader? As an admissions officer, when I read an essay and I learn something, I'm talking about it at dinner the next night. And those are the essays that, for me, stand out, and they often have a through-line that someone has taken time to think about, "Oh, these concepts sort of connect for me." I think that can just be really powerful. So I always love it when I learn something from an essay, especially from a diversity or life experience essay. And I think, as all three of us have said, don't underestimate yourself. Look inside, and tell the story that you have inside, not necessarily what you think admissions officers want to hear.

Anne: So, I can't build on what my colleagues already said so well, so I'm going to go in a slightly different direction and say that, make sure that this essay complements what you're saying in your personal statement. It can't be a complete departure. The readers are reading all of your documents at the same time. Make sure that it all fits together. If you're covering something even briefly that you covered in your personal statement, you don't have to give as much time or add as much detail. You can refer to it and move on. With the best E/P essays, they're ones that are authentic and personal, but they also fit in with the rest of the application and help the reader understand who you are on a deeper level.

Anna: Great advice. I think that's a wonderful place for us to end as well. Thank you all again for your time. This has been a long one, but I think we got into so many different nuanced situations and advice and looking at these different prompts. I hope that it's valuable for any applicants who are approaching these different types of essays. Thanks everyone, and thank you to our listeners. If you found this helpful, please like, subscribe, and we'll hope to see you next time. Bye, everybody!

Tom: Bye, everybody.

Sir: Bye, everybody.

Anne: Bye, everyone. Thanks!

School of Nursing

Triple alumna shares leadership lessons and insights from a distinguished nursing career.

August 27, 2024

Author: Moira Neve

Jeniece Roane, Ph.D., vice president of operations for the Children's Hospital of Richmond at VCU offers a glimpse into the experiences that have shaped her journey in and beyond the classroom.

Not every nurse gets to build a hospital as part of their career, but Jeniece Roane, Ph.D., RN, NE-BC, (B.S. ‘93, M.S. ‘07, Ph.D. ‘24), has done just that. The three-time alumna has made a mark on improving health care for children, perhaps most visibly in the child-centered design of the Children’s Hospital of Richmond at VCU (CHoR) where she is the vice president of operations.

Recently honored by the school with the Paul A. and Veronica H. Gross Achievement in Nursing Award, Roane, who began her career in a pediatric intensive care unit, has been a dedicated member of the VCU healthcare community since 1997. In reflecting on this pivotal phase of her career, she shared valuable insights into the leadership lessons and academic accomplishments in nursing.

How did your experiences as a pediatric nurse inspire you to advocate for improvements in healthcare environments for children?

I'm a triple alumna of the VCU School of Nursing, but I actually started out as a pharmacy major before choosing to become a nurse due to my passion for directly engaging with patients and making a meaningful impactful difference in their care experience. Additionally, as long as I have been able to remember I have had a love for children, and so being able to marry this care with then specializing in pediatrics very early on in my career really was the impetus for becoming a nurse practitioner.

I earned my bachelor's, master’s and then most recently my Ph.D. from the VCU School of Nursing. With every step, with every degree that I've gone on to pursue, my goal has been to help me develop new skills that will help me improve the health outcomes for children. If I were to really hone in and reflect are the experiences that led me down this path, led me to pursue both my masters and my Ph.D., I think that it my experiences as a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) nurse. As a PICU nurse, you are put in these positions where you're working with families that many times right didn't even know that an ICU existed let alone finding themselves needing the services of the ICU. Those experiences and then later a role as a nurse manager really helped shape my advocacy skills. On the one hand, you have to advocate as a part of the medical team. Also, as a PICU nurse you build relationships with family members at a very critical juncture in their child's life, and find yourself stepping in frequently to serve as a parental advocate and support. It's those experiences in the PICU that really shaped me and changed me as a nurse. 

Your dissertation focused on "Nurse-Led Home Visitation and Parental Reasoning About Child Discipline." Could you share what initially sparked your interest in this topic and how it influences your work at the Children's Hospital?

As a PICU nurse, I saw, and frankly had the misfortune of having to care for, children who were abused. My Ph.D. work focuses on trying to understand what interventions might be most effective at reducing the incidence of child maltreatment. Those PICU years were formative not only in who I became as a bedside nurse, but in creating the foundation for who I am today and what I hoped that I would accomplish by pursuing my Ph.D.

What was it like to transition in your career from being in nursing school, to working as a pediatric nurse, to finishing the Ph.D. program, and now to step into such an important leadership role within the VCU Health System?

When I started the program, I was the nursing director for Women’s and Children’s Health. As I moved through the program, along the way I was promoted to associate vice president for Women’s and Children’s Health. Then, during COVID, I was asked to step up to an interim position while I was still in the program as the chief nursing officer (CNO) for the medical center. Once we found a permanent CNO, I went back to my role as vice president of operations for the Children’s Hospital.

The support I received from the faculty of the School of Nursing has just been incredible. Honestly, reflecting on navigating the undergraduate program, the graduate program and then my Ph.D. program, I have had incredible support from my advisors and the faculty, and from the dean at the time. Dean Jean Giddens served as dean for most of my Ph.D. program, and provided amazing support throughout the time of my entire academic pursuits. 

One way was that they were incredibly flexible: my dissertation topic was not a typical subject area that a nursing student might pursue, but my committee and advisors worked very closely with me to ensure that I was able to focus on an area that I wanted, while still meeting expectations, completing the rigorous coursework required of me, moving into the dissertation phase, and completing my dissertation. Without a doubt, I feel that I was very supported by the VCU Nursing School community.

What advice would you give to current students in the VCU Nursing School?

It took me eight years to complete my Ph.D. I think this is important for other students who are in this program to understand and know because it is easy to watch other people who are on this journey. Some people move pretty quickly and others move slowly. 

What I tried to remember and encourage everyone to remember is, your journey is your journey. Your work is your work. If you're going to make a meaningful impact, you have to embrace whatever the timeline is so that you can produce a quality research project. I took my time. 

What was it like stepping up into your role during COVID-19?

It was definitely challenging, but that's really where I think the support, particularly from my advisor Terry Jones , Ph.D., was pivotal for me. As I was contemplating whether or not I was going to accept this interim appointment, she and I met to talk about what it would mean for my Ph.D. journey. Together we crafted a plan for how I could still progress, while taking on this demanding role right at the height of COVID. This was before[the] Delta [variant], this was before [the] Omicron [variant], this was before we even had vaccines. Stepping up to this interim role was challenging, but I think with the support of Dr. Jones as well as my colleagues I really felt like they gave me the space to be able to fulfill my role, but also carve out time to continue to progress within the program. I would also add, having a really special husband and supportive friends and family goes a long way as well, because without that support and grace, I don’t know if I would've been able to do it all.

Yes, are there challenges everyday? Sure there are. But for me, when you are working for a group of people that share a common mission–and for us that is being organized and focused around providing care for children–I don’t think there is anything better than that. It is an honor to get to come in and do this work everyday.  Jeniece Roane, Ph.D.

What drew you to your current role?

Well I think that for us for those of us who have really dedicated our careers to caring for children, particularly if you've been here in the city of Richmond (I've been at VCU at the medical center since 1997), we have always felt like we needed a place that was dedicated to a space dedicated to caring for children. To now have an entire tower that is dedicated to the care and enhancing the well-being of children has been a game-changer: not only for the children and their families in the region, but also for our teams. We have always provided exceptional care, and now we have the environment that reflects the exceptional care that they have always provided. 

What is your favorite thing about your role at CHoR?

For me, serving in this role as vice president of operations, the greatest joy that I have is getting to see and support our team members, and helping to remove barriers for them that might impede their ability to deliver their very best care everyday. It is being able to see the joy my team gets from working in a place that is dedicated to the delivery of care for children. Yes, are there challenges everyday? Sure there are. But for me, when you are working for a group of people that share a common mission–and for us that is being organized and focused around providing care for children–I don’t think there is anything better than that. It is an honor to get to come in and do this work everyday. 

How does it feel to have the new CHoR Tower?

It feels like a dream that has come true. Not every story is a happy story, but to see children and families in this environment where every detail was thought about, debated, fine tuned, with a child and a family in mind, that brings me so much joy that it is difficult to articulate. When you’ve dedicated your career to children, and come from an environment where you had [only] one level dedicated to children’s in-patient services within the adult hospital, to now three in-patient units, plus an emergency department, growing child-life programs, spaces that have been crafted so we can carry out high and specialty care like bone-marrow transplants, a dedicated trauma bay, and all our personnel that help us deliver on that promise to take care of children, it really is something special to be a part of. I am grateful to have played a small role in this work. There are people that never get to build a new hospital as part of their career, so to be able to influence the decisions that are made and knowing that the decisions have an impact on how care is delivered today is really special. 

What is your favorite space in the tower?

That’s a hard question, but I think it's probably going to be a space that hasn't come online yet, but is in the works. The new Child Life Zone is expected to open in late summer 2024, and this zone will be one of 15 child life zones across the country that is supported through a partnership with Garth Brooks Foundation, called Teammates for Kids. We are able to bring the space to fruition through a philanthropy. We've got a donor from the community that has pledged two million dollars to help bring the space online. This Child Life Zone helps us try to “normalize” the experience of a child that is in the hospital. There's nothing normal about that, but spaces like these help us distract the child and the family from what they are going through. These Child Life Zones are filled with all kinds of places for children to be engaged, to be creative, and to step away from the stressors of the bedside in order to just be a child, even just for a few short minutes. The work that our Child Life team has done to think through all the details, and work to make this zone unique and special to VCU and to CHoR has brought this space to life.

I am grateful to have played a small role in this work. There are people that never get to build a new hospital as part of their career, so to be able to influence the decisions that are made and knowing that the decisions have an impact on how care is delivered today is really special.  Jeniece Roane, Ph.D.

The other space is the Ronald McDonald House Charity Space. We have the first house in a hospital, the first of its kind in the Commonwealth of Virginia. We have partnered with Ronald McDonald Charities to build out a four bed suite where parents can come down and find some time to lay down, step away from the bedside, and get some rest. There is also a kitchenette that enables parents to get some food, there's an outdoor terrace on it so there's space for parents to step outside without having to physically leaving the building, there’s laundry for parents to utilize, and the house is staffed and manned by a Ronald McDonald House Charities staff. That level of support and care our families can receive with a trusted partner like the team at Ronald McDonald House Charities makes this one of my favorite aspects of the space. This space also sets our building and the care that we're delivering apart from what we were able to do previously, and sets us apart from other places that deliver children’s care.

Looking ahead, what are your goals and vision for the future of the Children's Hospital of Richmond, and how do you plan to achieve them?

We are actually preparing to expand services here, so I would say that is what I'm most excited about. We have seen double digit growth in almost every service–our emergency department visits, acute pediatric care volume, pediatric intensive care volume, our operating room volume–since we built the tower. We knew that we were going to likely need some additional space to build out over time, and so there's plenty of shell space here in the tower. We're in the discussion and design phase right now for adding 18-20 additional beds for our neonatal intensive care unit. Next, we are going to be building out a second floor of acute care pediatric services. It is very busy within the children’s space, so I am very excited that I will be working together with our teams to build those spaces out.

Ana Sayfa > Blog > Tez Açıklaması Deneme Örnekleri

Tez Açıklaması Deneme Örnekleri

• Smodin Editör Ekibi
• Güncellenmiş: Ağustos 30, 2024
• İçerik ve Yazım Hakkında Genel Kılavuz
• Yazma İçin Adım Adım Talimatlar

Bir deneme yazmak zor görünebilir, ancak sağlam bir tez ifadesi bunu daha kolay hale getirebilir. Bir tez ifadesi, herhangi bir denemenin önemli bir parçasıdır. Okuyucunuza ana fikrinizi net bir şekilde anlamasını sağlar. Amaç, okuyucuyu yazınıza daldıran güçlü, özlü ancak ilgi çekici bir ifade sunmak olmalıdır. Güçlü bir tez ifadesi, makalenize güçlü bir başlangıç ​​yapın !

İyi bir tez cümlesini neyin oluşturduğunu keşfetmek için bu kapsamlı kılavuzu geliştirdik. Farklı tez cümlesi deneme örneklerini ele alacağız ve size güçlü bir cümle yazma adımlarını göstereceğiz. İster bir araştırma makalesi, ister argümantasyon denemesi veya politika teklifi yazıyor olun, sağlam bir tez cümlesi anahtardır.

Tez Beyanı Nedir?

Basitçe söylemek gerekirse, bir tez ifadesi tüm makalenizi özetler. Genellikle makalenin girişi olarak bilinen ilk paragrafın sonunda görünür. Teziniz spesifik, öz ve açık olmalıdır.

Bir ana fikri ifade etmeli ve yazınıza rehberlik etmelidir. Örneğin, makaleniz iklim değişikliğini açıklıyorsa, teziniz "İklim değişikliği küresel ekosistemler için önemli bir tehdit oluşturmaktadır." iddiasında bulunabilir.

Bir Tez Açıklaması Nasıl Yazılır: Örnek ve Neler Dahil Edilmelidir

Bu bölümde, süreçte size yardımcı olması için bir örnekle birlikte bir tez ifadesinin nasıl yazılacağını ele alıyoruz. Aşağıda, bir tez ifadesi derlerken dahil olan adımlardan bazılarını listeledik.

Bir Soruyla Başlayın

Her iyi tez cümlesi bir soruyla başlar. Konunuz hakkında neyi keşfetmek veya karar vermek istediğinizi düşünün. Örneğin, "İnternet eğitim üzerinde olumlu veya olumsuz bir etkiye sahip miydi?"

İlk Cevabınızı Yazın

Biraz araştırma yaptıktan sonra sorunuza basit, geçici bir cevap yazın. Bu, araştırma ve yazma sürecinize rehberlik edecektir. Örneğin, "İnternet eğitim üzerinde olumlu bir etkiye sahip olmuştur."

Tez Açıklamanızı Geliştirin

Son teziniz nihayetinde okuyucuya bu pozisyonu neden benimsediğinizi anlatmalıdır. Makalenizden ve argümanınızın temel noktalarından ne öğreneceklerini ayrıntılı olarak açıklayabilir ve açıklayabilirsiniz.

Örneğin, "İnternetin eğitim üzerindeki olumlu etkisi, bilgiye daha kolay erişim sağlaması nedeniyle olumsuz etkilerinden daha ağır basmaktadır. Öğrenciler ve öğretmenler için farklı bakış açılarına maruz kalma ve esnek bir öğrenme ortamı buna katkıda bulunmaktadır".

İyi Bir Tez Açıklaması Örneği

İyi bir tez ifadesi öz, tutarlı ve tartışmalıdır. Ana fikrinizi açıkça belirtmeli ve belirli kanıtlarla desteklenmelidir. Aşağıdaki iyi tez ifadesi örneğine bir göz atın:

"Birçok kişi iklim değişikliğinin doğal bir olay olduğuna inansa da kanıtlar, insan faaliyetlerinin iklim değişikliğinin hızlanmasına önemli ölçüde katkıda bulunduğunu gösteriyor."

Bu ifade açık, öz ve tartışmalıdır. Kanıtlarla desteklenebilecek güçlü bir pozisyon sunar.

Tez Bildiri Türleri

Teziniz, yazdığınız makalenin türüne uymalıdır. İşte farklı tez cümlesi türlerinin bazı örnekleri.

Argümantasyon Tezi Beyanı

Bir de tartışmacı kompozisyon , tezinizin güçlü bir duruş sergilemesi gerekir.

“Hükümet, iklim değişikliğiyle mücadele için karbon emisyonlarına ilişkin daha sıkı düzenlemeler uygulamalı.”

Tartışmalı bir makale, kanıt ve muhakeme gerektiren açık, tartışmalı bir iddiada bulunur. Bu tez, makale boyunca kanıtlarla desteklenecek açık bir argüman sunar.

Açıklayıcı Tez Beyanı

Bir de Açıklayıcı makale Teziniz bir konu veya sürecin gerçeklerini açıklamalıdır.

“Braille alfabesinin icadı, görme engelli insanların bağımsız olarak okuyup yazabilmelerini sağlayarak hayatlarını iyileştirdi.”

Bu ifade Braille'in etkisini herhangi bir tavır almadan açıklıyor.

Farklı Türdeki Makaleler İçin Tez Açıklaması Deneme Örnekleri

Etkili bir tez cümlesi yazmanın nasıl yapılacağını anlamak için bazı tez cümlesi örneklerine bakalım.

Örnek 1: Tartışma Makalesi

Konu: Gözetimin toplum üzerindeki etkisi

Tez cümlesi: "Gözetleme genellikle olumsuz olarak görülse de, kamu güvenliği üzerindeki olumlu etkileri olumsuz yönlerinden daha ağır basmaktadır."

Bu tez, makale boyunca kanıtlarla desteklenecek açık bir argüman sunmaktadır.

Örnek 2: Açıklayıcı Makale

Konu: İnternetin tarihi

Tez cümlesi: "İnternet, bilgilere anında erişim sağlayarak ve insanları küresel olarak birbirine bağlayarak iletişimde devrim yarattı."

Bu ifade, internetin iletişimi nasıl değiştirdiğini herhangi bir argüman sunmadan açıklıyor.

Her iki örnekte de tez ifadeleri açık ve öz olup, makale için bir yol haritası sunmaktadır.

Örnek 3: Analitik Makale

Konu: Sosyal medyanın ruh sağlığına etkisi

Tez ifadesi: "Sosyal medya, kaygıyı artırarak, gerçekçi olmayan vücut imajlarını teşvik ederek ve sosyal bağlantıları güçlendirerek ruh sağlığını etkiler."

Analitik bir tez ifadesi, bir fikri incelemek ve yorumlamak için parçalara ayırır. Bu örnek, sosyal medyanın etkisini ayrıntılı analiz için belirli bileşenlere ayırır. Analitik bir makale, karmaşık konuları ayrıntılı inceleme ve analiz için bileşenlere ayırır.

İyi Bir Tez Açıklamasının Özellikleri

Etkili bir tez ifadesi, iyi yapılandırılmış bir makalenin omurgasıdır. Tez ifadesi örnekleri, güçlü ve zayıf tez ifadeleri arasındaki farkları göstermeye yardımcı olur. İşte iyi bir tez ifadesinin temel özellikleri.

En iyi tez ifadeleri kısa ve öz olmalıdır. Gereksiz sözcüklerden kaçının. Örneğin, "Bu makalede, iklim değişikliğinin acil ilgi gerektiren kritik bir konu olmasının nedenlerini tartışacağım" demek yerine, "İklim değişikliği, küresel ekosistemler üzerindeki ciddi etkisi nedeniyle acil ilgi gerektiriyor" diyebilirsiniz. Bu, tezinizin net ve odaklı kalmasını sağlar.

Amaç, beyanı kamuoyuna duyurmaktır. sonuç noktası mümkün olduğu kadar etkili bir şekilde.

Belirli Kanıt

Akademik yazıda, tez ifadeniz belirli kanıtlarla desteklenmelidir. Sadece bir iddiada bulunmakla kalmamalı, aynı zamanda onu destekleyen kanıtlara dair bir ipucu da sağlamalıdır. Örneğin, "Ormanların yok edilmesi ve fosil yakıt tüketimi gibi insan faaliyetleri iklim değişikliğine önemli ölçüde katkıda bulunur" ifadesi, makalenin bu belirli faaliyetleri tartışacağını gösterir.

Güçlü bir tez ifadesi ana fikrinizi açıkça belirtir. Denemenizin ana noktasını anlaşılması kolay bir şekilde iletmelidir. Örneğin, "Yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları karbon emisyonlarını azaltmak ve iklim değişikliğiyle mücadele etmek için olmazsa olmazdır" denemenin ana fikrini açıkça belirtir.

Kaçınılması Gereken 3 Yaygın Hata

Koruyucuya Göre Öğretmenler, öğrencilerin sürekli olarak deneme yazma konusunda sorunlar yaşadığını gözlemliyor. Bunun nedeni, yazma konusunda temel becerilerin eksikliği veya denemelerini ve tez ifadelerini derlerken belirli hatalar yapma olasılıkları gibi çeşitli nedenler olabilir.

Aşağıda öğrencilerin tez cümlesi yazarken yapabilecekleri yaygın hatalardan bazılarını listeledik.

1. Çok Geniş Olmak

Çok geniş bir tez ifadesi odaklanmayı kaybeder ve net bir argüman sağlamada başarısız olur. Örneğin: "İklim değişikliği kötüdür" çok geniştir. Bunun yerine, odak noktanızı daha spesifik bir şeye daraltın, örneğin "İklim değişikliği, taşkın sıklığını artırarak kıyı şehirlerini önemli ölçüde etkiler."

2. Ayrıntılara Girmemek

Belirsiz bir tez ifadesi belirli ayrıntılar vermez ve okuyucunun argümanınızı anlamasını zorlaştırır. Örneğin, "İklim değişikliği çevreyi etkiler" ifadesi çok belirsizdir. Daha kesin bir tez, "İklim değişikliği kutuplardaki buzulların erimesini hızlandırır ve deniz seviyelerinin yükselmesine yol açar" şeklinde olabilir.

3. Sadece Bir Gerçeği Belirtmek

Harika bir araştırma makalesinde, bir argümandan ziyade bir gerçeği ifade eden bir tez ifadesi tartışmaya açık değildir. Örneğin, "İklim değişikliği vardır" bir gerçek ifadesidir ve tartışmaya açık değildir. Daha tartışmalı bir tez, "İklim değişikliğinin gelecek nesiller üzerindeki etkilerini azaltmak için acil eylem gereklidir" olurdu.

Zayıf Bir Tez İfadesini Nasıl Güçlendirebilirsiniz

Tez cümleniz zayıfsa onu nasıl güçlendirebileceğinizi burada bulabilirsiniz:

• Konunuzu bağlamlandırın: Konunuzun daha geniş bağlamını anlayın. Bu, odak noktasını daraltmanıza ve daha spesifik hale getirmenize yardımcı olur.
• Tartışmaya açık hale getirin: Tezinizin tartışılabilir bir şey olduğundan emin olun. Güçlü bir tez genellikle bir konu hakkında net bir duruş sergiler.
• Kanıtla destekleyin: Tezinizi belirli kanıtlarla desteklemeye hazır olun. Bu, ifadenize güvenilirlik ve güç katar.

Zayıf Bir Tezin Örneği

"İnternet faydalıdır" gibi zayıf bir tez ifadesi çok geneldir ve özgüllükten yoksundur. Makale için herhangi bir yön sağlamaz ve okuyucuların makalenin neyi ele alacağı konusunda belirsiz kalmasına neden olur. Zayıf bir tez ifadesi:

• Odaklanma eksikliği: "İnternet faydalıdır" ifadesi, internetin nasıl veya neden faydalı olduğunu belirtmez. Bu odaklanma eksikliği okuyucuları şaşırtabilir ve destekleyici argümanlar geliştirmeyi zorlaştırabilir.
• Belirli bir konuya odaklanmıyor: Bu tez aşırı geniş kapsamlı olup, belirli bir yönüne odaklanmadan çok fazla olası konuyu kapsıyor.
• Tartışmaya yer bırakmaz: Tartışmaya açık bir iddia sunmaz. Güçlü bir tez, başkalarının itiraz edebileceği bir iddiada bulunmalı, argümantasyon ve tartışma için bir temel sağlamalıdır.

Örneğin, "İnternet faydalıdır" şeklindeki zayıf teze dayanan bir deneme, net bir yapı veya argüman olmadan çevrimiçi alışveriş, sosyal medya ve araştırma gibi çeşitli konularda dolaşabilir. Bu, okuyucuların denemenin ana noktasını veya amacını kavramasını zorlaştırır.

Güçlü Bir Tezin Örneği

"İnternet, bilgi ve kaynak zenginliğine erişim sağladığı için eğitim için yararlıdır" gibi güçlü bir tez ifadesi, spesifiktir ve kanıtlarla desteklenen net bir argüman sunar. Ayrıca makalenin neyi tartışacağını da belirtir ve bu da okuyucuyu yönlendirmeye yardımcı olur.

Bu nedenle güçlü bir tez cümlesi şu özelliklere sahip olmalıdır:

• Net bir odak noktası oluşturun: Bu tez, makalenin internetin eğitimsel faydalarına odaklanacağını belirtir. Bu netlik, okuyucuların makalenin amacını en başından itibaren anlamalarına yardımcı olur.
• Konuya girelim: Tezde "zengin bir bilgi ve kaynağa erişim"den bahsediliyor. Bu nedenle, internetin nasıl yararlı olduğuna dair belirli bir bakış açısı sunuyor ve bu da makalenin kapsamını daraltmaya yardımcı oluyor.
• Tartışmaya açık bir iddia ekleyin: Bu ifade, tartışılabilecek bir iddiada bulunur. İnternetin eğitim için yararlı olduğunu varsayar. Ancak, bunun doğru olduğu belirli yollar olduğunu da ima eder. Bu nedenle, ifade tartışma ve analiz için kapıyı açar.
• Makaleye rehberlik edin: Bu güçlü tez, makale için bir yol haritası sunar. Aşağıdaki paragrafların, internetin bilgiye erişim ve kaynak kullanılabilirliği yoluyla eğitimi nasıl kolaylaştırdığını araştıracağını ileri sürer.

Sıkça Sorulan Sorular

Tez cümlesinde neler yer alır.

Tez cümlesi, makalenizin ana fikrini özetleyen bir cümledir. Genellikle ilk paragrafın sonunda görünür.

Bir tez cümlesi birden fazla cümleden oluşabilir mi?

İdeal olarak, bir tez cümlesi bir veya iki cümle uzunluğunda olmalıdır.

Tez cümlemi nereye yerleştirmeliyim?

Tez cümleniz, makalenin girişi olarak bilinen ilk paragrafın sonunda yer almalıdır.

Smodin.io ile Tez Açıklamalarınızı Geliştirin

İyi bir tez ifadesi, makalenizin omurgasıdır. Yazınızı yönlendirir ve okuyucunuza ne beklemesi gerektiğini söyler. Bu örneklerde ana hatlarıyla belirttiğimiz adımları izleyerek güçlü bir tez ifadesi yazabilirsiniz.

Yazma becerilerinizi geliştirmeye ve ilgi çekici makaleler oluşturmaya hazır mısınız? Smodin'in AI yazma aracıyla yazınızı geliştirin. İster bir araştırma makalesi, ister bir argümantasyon makalesi yazıyor olun, Smodin güçlü bir tez cümlesi oluşturmanıza yardımcı olabilir. Şimdi Smodin.io'ya katılın ve yazınızı bir üst seviyeye taşıyın.