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Northern Areas of Pakistan: Nature’s Haven in the Himalayas

by Wego Travel

This article has been reviewed by Wego ’s editorial team to ensure that the content is up to date & accurate.

Updated August 2023

With a culture and history as rich and diverse as its landscapes, the Northern Areas of Pakistan prove as an enchanting destination to admire the magnificence of the land acquired by intense sacrifices. Nestled among the rugged peaks of the Himalayas, these breathtakingly beautiful regions seem almost too stunning to be real. From snow-capped mountains and lush green valleys to crystal-clear lakes and ancient fortresses, this part of the world is a true paradise for nature lovers and adventurers alike.

Prepare yourself for a remarkable adventure as Independence Day arrives on Monday, 14 August 2023. Pack your bags, don your hiking boots, and brace yourself to discover the breathtaking beauty of Pakistan’s northern regions.

Table of Contents

Northern Areas of Pakistan

The Northern Areas of Pakistan are a true gem in South Asia, offering stunning natural beauty and diverse cultural experiences that attract visitors from all over the world. The region is a paradise for nature lovers and adventure seekers. Here is a comprehensive guide to the beauty of the northern areas of Pakistan to help you plan your next adventure in this magnificent region.

Northern Areas of Pakistan list of places to visit

With so much to see and do, planning a trip to Pakistan can be overwhelming. We’ve compiled a list of must-visit places in the region, from picturesque valleys and national parks to breathtakingly beautiful landscapes that will surely captivate you.

Hunza Valley

Nestled deep in the heart of the mighty Karakoram mountain range in Pakistan, a place that is as enchanting as it is mysterious, where the air is crisp and the landscape is painted with a palette of vibrant colours. This is the Hunza Valley, a place where time seems to stand still, and the rhythm of life is dictated by the ebb and flow of the seasons.

As you journey through the valley, you will be struck by the majesty of the towering peaks that rise up on either side, their snow-capped summits glistening in the bright sunshine.

The best destinations to explore in Hunza Valley include:

Khunjerab Pass
Attabad Lake
Summit Gulmit
Borith Lake
Sost Border
Rakaposhi Peak
Baltit Fort
Eagle Nest Duiker

Skardu, the jewel of the Karakoram range in Pakistan, is a place of breathtaking beauty, where the mountains soar to dizzying heights and the rivers run deep and fast. Even as you approach Skardu, the road twists and turns through the valleys, revealing new vistas at every turn, each one more stunning than the last.

One of the most spectacular sights in Skardu is the shimmering blue waters of Satpara Lake, a vast expanse of water that is surrounded by towering mountains and verdant forests. The lake is home to a variety of fish and other aquatic creatures and is a popular spot for fishing and boating.

Some of the must-see locations in Skardu valley are:

Kachura Lake
Satpara Lake
Khaplu Valley
Shigar Fort
Shangri-La Lake

Fairy Meadows

Fairy Meadows is a place of ethereal beauty, where the landscape is otherworldly, and the air is filled with the scent of wildflowers and fresh mountain air. The locals say that the fairies come to dance in the meadows at night, and it’s easy to see why – the place is imbued with a sense of magic and wonder that is truly spellbinding. For the adventurous traveller, Fairy Meadows offers a range of activities, from trekking and hiking to camping and stargazing.

Fairy Meadows has many incredible spots to explore, including

Nanga Parbat
Raikot Bridge
Ganalo Peak

Swat Valley

Hidden in the mountains of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa lies the Swat Valley, a breathtakingly beautiful place where nature and culture come together in a symphony of colour and life. The winding roads leading to the valley are filled with the sweet aroma of wildflowers and the sound of gurgling streams, creating a sense of peace and tranquillity. The Swat Valley is a place of wonder and adventure.

Swat valley boasts a variety of breathtaking locations to see, such as:

Deosai National Park
Kalam Valley

Kumrat Valley

Mahodand Lake
Malam Jabba
Kundol Lake
Saidu Sharif

Neelum Valley

Deep within the heart of Pakistan lies a mystical wonderland of untold beauty and adventure. Nestled within the mighty Himalayan Mountains, the Neelum Valley is a place that is both enchanting and alluring, beckoning visitors from far and wide to explore its majestic landscapes. But the Neelum Valley is not just a place of natural wonders. It is also steeped in history and culture, with ancient forts and temples dotting the landscape.

The top places to visit in Neelum Valley:

Kutton Valley
Sharda Valley
Nanga Parbat Viewpoint

Naran-Khagan Valley

Beyond the majestic mountains of Pakistan lies a land of unparalleled beauty and mystery. The Naran-Khagan Valley in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is a place that will leave you breathless, its rugged terrain and stunning vistas beckoning to the adventurer in us all.

The valley is a land of contrasts, where the sparkling waters of the Naran River give way to the rugged peaks of the Himalayan Range. You can hike through dense forests, climb towering mountains, or simply relax by the river’s edge and watch as the world goes by.

Here are the top attractions at Naran-Khagan Valley:

Babusar Top
Dudipatsar Lake
Lake Saif-ul-Malok
Lulusar Lake
Lalazar Plateau

The Kumrat Valley is a place that will capture your heart and soul, a world of beauty and wonder that will leave you in awe. It is more than just a natural wonderland. It is also a place of magic and wonders, with hidden caves and ancient ruins that will transport you to a world beyond your wildest dreams. You can explore the ruins of long-forgotten temples and marvel at the intricate carvings and frescoes that adorn their walls.

The top attractions at the Kumrat Valley are:

Do Kala Chashma
Jahaz Banda Waterfall
Wooden Canals Thal
Katora Lake
Kumrat Forest
Jandrai Trek
Jahaz Banda Meadows

What is the best time to visit the Northern Areas of Pakistan?

The Northern Areas of Pakistan have a mountainous climate and are generally cooler than the southern areas. Summers (April – September) in the northern areas generally have warm days and cool nights, with temperatures reaching up to 28°C (82.5°F). Winters (December – February) can be quite cold, with temperatures dropping to below 7°C (45°F).

The best time to visit the Northern Areas of Pakistan is during the summer months. The warm days and cool nights make it the ideal time for sightseeing, trekking, and camping. Here is a region-wise split of the best time to visit Northern Pakistan:

Giglit-Baltistan: April-October
Chitral and Northern KPK: April-October
Southern KPK: October-April
Balochistan: October-April

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Travel Guides

Northern Areas Of Pakistan – Complete Guide 2024

January 31, 2024 10:21 am

Table of Content

1 Best Places of Northern Areas
3 Best Places of Baltistan
4 Best Places in Gilgit
5 Northern Areas of Pakistan by Diameter
6 NORTHERN AREAS OF PAKISTAN FAQs
7 Conclusion

Introduction:

The Northern Areas of Pakistan have a global recognition for tourist attractions who visit to witness exquisite landscapes and creations of nature Pakistan is blessed with. The culture and hospitality the Pakistani nation presents are praiseworthy by millions of foreigners who visit Northern Pakistani areas every year.

The best time to visit the Northern Areas of Pakistan is summer. The place becomes a spot of relief for locals who want to enjoy the pleasant weather and gaze at the magnificent sceneries in the hilly areas. During summers, locals from heated Punjab and Sindh visit Northern Areas to get a sigh of calmness with their families and friends.

The Government of Pakistan also played a significant role in clearing the hurdles for the convenience of visitors. They have also invested in the tourism sector to provide necessary services such as hotels, petrol stations, and communication network facilities.

These steps have promoted the tourism culture in Pakistan. So, pack up your bags and plan your trips to experience the admirable tourism Pakistan has to offer.

Best Places of Northern Areas

To assist your tourism, we have listed names of Northern Areas of Pakistan, which are summarized among the most famous places to visit on earth.

The valleys in the Northern areas of Pakistan portray a heavenly sight with mesmerizing sceneries of Lakes and Mountains. These places have no comparison in their culture and beauty of landscapes; therefore, these places are a must recommendation to visit:

1. Chitral Valley

The blissful green valleys and steep mountains of Chitral will make you fall in love with the place at first sight. The east border of Gilgit Baltistan is closer to Chitral.

Chitral valley is situated with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa districts Swat and Dir. Chitral Valley has the world’s most beautiful landscapes and massive glaciers with mountains, making it an adventurous place for hikers and mountain climbers.

The weather at Chitral valley is considered to be the most intense weather across the country. Therefore, tourists visit the place during summer preferably.

Chital is also known for Kalash valley and the locals who possess a rich culture with legitimate dressing. When it comes to tourism, Chitral is given a strong sense of adventure, making it an attractive site in the list of Northern areas of Pakistan.

2. Swat Valley

SWAT is also known as the Switzerland of Pakistan as it gives a heavenly sight similar to the landscapes of Switzerland. Swat is situated near the Swat River, which is 247 Kilometers away from the capital Islamabad. Swat shares borders with Gilgit in the north and Chitral in the northwest.

The beautiful plains and high peaks of Swat give you a view of paradise on earth. Even with a low temperature, Swat valley has fertile land to grow vegetables and fruits.

The natural beauty of Swat includes lakes, rivers, waterfalls, and high mountains, which attract a massive number of tourists every year. To get the vibe of an adventure, climbers and hikers visit Swat during winters when the weather is harsh and cold.

The greenish forests and pleasant forecast provide a natural habitat for wildlife. A trip to Swat would make your summer holidays worthy of the atmosphere and heavenly beauty the valley offers.

3. Azad Jammu & Kashmir

The beautiful liberated area of Kashmir holds a beautiful glance at first sight. Azad Kashmir is located in the North East of Pakistan. Kashmir is only 82 kilometers away from the capital Islamabad.

The valley gives a beautiful view of Deep forests and snow-covered peaks. Neelam Valley is the most beautiful valley of Kashmir, surrounded by forests and freshwater streams.

River Jhelum and Neelam lead to the biggest city of Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad. The view of the river streaming between the mountains can be enjoyed from a high peak. It’s an excellent point for spending your weekends or going for a long drive if you are not willing to travel far away.

4. Naltar Valley

Naltar Valley represents the magnificent carpet of green meadows and enormous, beautiful peaks. The valley is situated opposite Normal Valley, and in the distance, it is 90 kilometers away from Hunza Valley or 47 kilometers away from Gilgit.

Naltar Valley consists of five beautiful lakes giving a vibrant look and enhancing the mountains’ beauty.

The altitude of the mountains is pretty high, so it seems suitable for alpine ski slopes, and the ski slope gives a gesture of enthusiasm. You may be able to find a tour package that includes a ski resort and residential accommodation.

5. Naran Kaghan

Naran Kaghan is probably the most famous tourist destination point of all among the northern areas of Pakistan. Naran is 10,000 ft above sea level, and the atmosphere is pretty harsh in winter. You may find the best accommodation facilities here, such as places like Pine Park Shogran.

The site is recommended for a visit during summer as the temperature is enjoyable. Also, there is less chance of snowfall.

The bazaar of Naran is filled with tourists during summer, and you may find a range of hotels and restaurants. The valley itself is covered in pine trees and streams falling, flowing straight from the glaciers. Naran is known for the Lake Saiful Malook, just 7 kilometers away from Naran, an excellent point of attraction for tourists. The greenish-blue lake is surrounded by mountains covered in snow and presents a scene from heaven.

6. Fairy Meadows

Fairy Meadows gives you a sight of heaven on earth as there is no match to the beauty its snow-covered mountains offer. Fairy meadows are 50 kilometers of drive from Chilas to Raikot bridge.

Fairy Meadows is preferable for hiking; the trail towards the fairy meadows is pretty dangerous. So, to reach the destination, jeeps are available.

One may feast their eyes while staring at the beautiful and enormous Nanga Parbat, one of the highest peaks in Pakistan. The rocky paths and ice-covered mountains offer a scenic view as you are living a dream in heaven.

Fairy Meadows is recommended to visit in summer as around winter, and there is a chance of land sliding, which may cause disastrous accidents.

Best Places of Baltistan

The Ghanche district stands apart with its beautiful valleys and high summits. The community has gorgeous peaks and waterfalls that give a soothing feel at first sight. The forest presents a mesmerizing scenery in autumn roads covered in yellow leaves.

The River Braldu originates from the Baltoro glacier, which is situated in the Ghanche district. The abstract colors with golden sunlight, turquoise water from the river, and yellowish leaves in the forest portray an aesthetic of a beautiful valley.

It seems more like a scene out of a painting and unreal to bare eye. All these sceneries offer a sense of serenity to those who visit the place.

Shigar is on 20 minutes drive from Skardu city. Welcomed by the wooden bridge at your drive from Skardu, the Shigar valley can be viewed from the bird’s eye view at Shigar viewpoint. The development has been improvised in the Shigar valley to promote tourism.

The worthy place to visit at Shigar is the Shigar Fort which represents the true heritage of the region. Shigar fort was restored to promote cultural and economic values.

You may find many monuments. The restoration project also offers luxury accommodation of international standard that provides an exquisite tourism experience.

3. Kharmang

Kharmang is situated in the northeast of Ghanche District and 120 kilometers away from Skardu. The Kharmang valley is among the five most famous valleys in Pakistan.

The waterfalls falling from the tall mountains assist the streams flowing through the mountains. Khamosh Waterfall is one of the most beautiful waterfalls of Gilgit, which is found in Kharmang valley.

Vast green valleys and snow-covered peaks present the natural beauty the valley of Kharmang has been blessed with. The fertile agricultural land offers up to 8 types of different apples which are grown here. Locals of Kharmang are great at hospitality who are always ready to welcome visitors and tourists.

Skardu district represents some of the major tourist attractions in Pakistan. Skardu city is the capital of the Skardu District.

Skardu valley stands apart in its beauty and attracts numerous mountaineers looking for adventure. The 8000 meters high peaks are uncovered in this valley. The suitable time to visit the valley is from April to October between the summers.

The best way to reach the destination is through flight services offered by PIA. The valley is covered in snow during winters. Therefore, it is not possible to visit during the season.

The primary source of attraction at Skardu is Lake Satpara which glances at shining blue water and fishing for tourists who visit the place.

The district of Roundu has some beautiful valleys which offer a quality sight of their own. The valley of Tormik holds great importance due to its beautiful streams of flowing freshwater and vast green plains. The valley of Tormik lies on the link road of Gilgit and Skardu.

The fields are built like playgrounds to play polo which is their regional game. The mesmerizing altitude offers a pleasant temperature during the summers, and therefore it is the best time to visit the place for tourists.

Best Places in Gilgit

Ghizer lies in the western part of Gilgit, which is believed to be split into two parts. The beautiful Ghizer valley is a fantastic site for tourists where they can spend some quality time. The Khalti lake, which is famous for trout fish, encourages fishing in the chilly water.

Tourists can swim and camp at the site, and the green and vast meadows offer mesmerizing beauty. The place itself provides peace of mind to those who visit with its out-of-the-world sceneries.

The colorful Hunza Valley is a hidden gem in the northern areas of Pakistan. The travelers and tourists show a great deal of interest in the natural landscapes of Hunza.

There are numerous places to visit in Hunza, including Altit Fort, Attabad lake, and Shimshal valley. The rough, icy mountains enhance the beauty of Hunza valley, which seems like a giant white wall made of snow.

Hunza offers a sight to 4 mighty mountains, which are almost 6000 meters high. The summer trip becomes praiseworthy if Hunza is on your list to stop by.

Hunza is a safe place to travel with the accommodation necessities available at the location. During summers, Hunza is crowded with visitors, and the best time is till October.

Nagar valley is one of the major attractions for tourists besides Hunza. There are some famous peaks which offer a breathtaking site covered in thick snow. One of these peaks is the Rakaposhi Peaks which lies in the Karakoram Mountain range.

There are also glaciers among the vast mountains to enhance the beauty of icy roads and rocky paths. Nagar is also famous for the high-altitude Rush Lake, which has clear dark blue water offering a spectacular view of the mountains.

4. Gupis-Yasin

Gupis Yasin district is represented by the Yasin Valley situated in the east of Ishkoman. It is a unit of Gilgit Baltistan blessed with hard huge rocks and streams of clean blue water.

The valley’s land is fertile, and the land is irrigated well as the valley is situated aside from the river.

5. Gilgit – Capital City

The capital city of Gilgit Baltistan is known for its vast glaciers and unmatched beauty in the eyes of nature. The town is situated near Hunza river and Gilgit river. It became a primary tourist site for trekking and interested many mountaineers across the globe.

Northern Areas of Pakistan by Diameter

Astore is situated in Gilgit Baltistan at an altitude of 2,546 meters (8,353 ft). Astore valley resembles the beauty of Gilgit Baltistan and other valleys of the district. To approach the destination, you can take a 45 minutes flight from Islamabad to Gilgit.

Darel is a remote town in the southwest of Chilas. The village has to offer an aesthetic of houses made of wood. The city is entered by passing through an old bridge over the Indus River. The rugged mountains and green plains are a sight to see in this town.

The clean and green plains of the Tangir give a prestigious experience to visitors and tourists. The fertile land has a lot to offer with the pure blue water streaming in the valley’s lakes. The Government has constructed a Hydropower project to provide electricity to the area, which can improve the tourist attraction.

Chilas is located at the bank of river Indus. Chilas is considered hot and tries as it receives no monsoon rains, and the temperature can reach 52 degrees. But in the winters, it gets intensely cold as low as -10. The place is only 3000 feet above sea level.

NORTHERN AREAS OF PAKISTAN FAQs

Why are northern areas of pakistan famous.

The northern areas of Pakistan are known as famous destination sites across the globe as they match the many European favorite destinations and indeed match their beauty in the aspects of nature. Many of the locations, such as Fairy Meadows, have no match across the globe as it holds the beauty of its own.

What are the northern areas of Pakistan?

Gilgit Baltistan, Hunza, Chitral, Swat, Jammu & Kashmir.

The tourism sector can be promoted on a greater level if the areas and locations portraying heavenly sights can be presented to the world. Introducing a positive image of the country by offering exceptional tourism services to their foreigners can boost the economy. Although investment in this sector and development can be of great benefit in the upcoming future.

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Northern Areas of Pakistan-Facts, Problems and Recommendations

The Northern Areas (NAs) of Pakistan, where a million people reside, and where political, democratic, constitutional and administrative institutions are yet to take roots, also makes a case of intellectual vacuum. A cursory look at the existing literature will reveal that the available studies on NAs do provide valuable information regarding the history, societal conditions, wars between the local Rajas and tales of valour, and about the towering mountain peaks and glaciers. Similarly, enough material is available about the freedom movement of 1947. Then there are books on tourism in NAs, which contain vast and precious information.

Policy Perspectives , Vlm 1, No.1

The national media also casts a similar picture. The hundreds of articles that appear in the newspapers generally lack objectivity even in discussing the historical position of Northern Areas and their relations with the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Obsessed with pre-determined positions, writers discuss the events and historic facts only in supporting their own stances. Barring exceptions one generally finds nothing new but a repetition of cases and arguments.

However, a positive development appeared after 1990 when the national press started anchoring correspondents in the Areas. Periodical diaries of these correspondents became a useful, direct and regular source of information flowing from the Northern Areas to other parts of the country.

May 1999 clash at Kargil focussed world attention on the NAs and it became subject of hot discussion also in the international media. Still quite naturally the focal point remained Pakistan-India relations and the issue of Kashmir. However, the constitutional problems and the constraints faced by the people could not become the subject of general discussion.

Seen in this background, the decision of the Supreme Court of Pakistan (28 May, 1999) about the status of the Northern Areas assumes great importance. The decision has provided clear guidance in constitutional, administrative and legal matters. Supreme Court through its verdict ordered the government of Pakistan to ensure provision of basic rights to the people of Northern Areas within six months. Owing to political instability

and uncertainty, no encouraging progress was however, made to implement the decision within the stipulated period or even later.

In this background this paper looks at the evolution of Northern Areas and its relations with the Islamabad as well as its ties with the Kashmir conflict. Likewise, paper examines the prevalent socio-economic and political situation and suggest some reforms to improve the conditions of the local people.

Northern Areas: Historical Facts

Before partition of the sub-Continent, the state of Jammu and Kashmir with a total area of 84471 square miles, was geographically divided into following three big regions:

Jammu Province (12,378 sq. miles)

Kashmir Province (8,539 sq.)
Frontier Province of Ladakh and Gilgit (63,554 sq)

In 1947, a part of the state gained independence and was called Azad Jammu and Kashmir, which has an area of 5,134 square miles. While 29,814 square miles chunk of the Frontier Province of Ladakh and Gilgit after winning freedom came under the administrative control of Pakistan through an agreement. This is the area now called Northern Areas. The rest of the Frontier province i.e. 3,3740 sq. miles area of Ladakh is under Indian occupation . The Northern Areas of Pakistan are source of global attraction for their heights and vast ranges of K-2, Hindukush, Pamir and the Himalayas.

Constitutional Position

Historically these areas belong to Dogra State of Jammu and Kashmir. On March 29, 1935, the British government took possession of Gilgit Agency from the state government, through a lease agreement for 60 years. The British feared of the Soviet expansionist moves, and therefore wanted to have direct control in the region. During this period the state flag remained hoisted over residency along with the Union Jack. However by August 1, 1947, the areas were returned to the state government , because the British had decided partitioning of the Indian sub-continent.
In the state elections held in 1934, 1937 and 1941, five representatives of these areas were taken in the Jammu & Kashmir assembly. Even in the last state assembly, which terminated in 1947, the areas were represented.
Through a jointly formed armed struggle of the local people, the Gilgit Scouts and the Muslim officers of the Maharaja’s army, the area was liberated on November 1, 1947 and an interim government constituted under Raja Shah Rais Khan of Gilgit. The government of Pakistan was invited through a telegram to take control of the areas. Responding to this request Sardar Muhammad Alam (A tehsildar in the NWFP government at that time) was appointed and sent to Gilgit on 16th November, as government of Pakistan’s political agent.
In April 1949 because of several administrative constraints an agreement was reached between the government of Pakistan and government of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJ & K). Accordingly the administrative control of Gilgit and Baltistan was temporarily transferred to the former. Vide sub-clause 8 of section-3 of this Agreement, the affairs of Gilgit and Baltistan were brought under the control of Political Agent appointed by the government of Pakistan.
In the same year (1949), the United Nations stopped the war in Kashmir and established the Cease-fire Line. Through the Simla Agreement (1972), the same CFL was converted and renamed Line of Control (LoC) with some adjustments. That cease-fire (control) Line was also established in the Northern Areas. It was through that decision that the U.N. observers were posted on the control line and are still there between the Occupied Ladakh and Northern Areas.
Map of the state of Jammu and Kashmir published by the Pakistan’s Ministry of Kashmir Affairs in February 1954 shows Gilgit and Baltistan both in terms of area and population, as part of the state of Jammu and Kashmir . Also the maps published by Survey of Pakistan continued to show the Northern Areas as part of AJ & K as late as up to 1987.
The geographic details and explanation of the areas under Pakistan, as given in the constitutions of 1956, 1962 and 1973, do not cover Northern Areas as part of Pakistan. When Martial Law was imposed in 1958, it was not extended to Northern Areas, because according to the principle stand of Pakistan, these areas (still) did not belong to Pakistan [Their fate was yet to be decided].

Through the Sino-Pak border Agreement of March 2, 1963, certain areas were mutually transferred by adjustment. The agreement contained a clause (article 6) that after the Kashmir dispute was resolved, the government in power in Northern Areas and the Peoples Republic of China will re-negotiate the agreement. The agreement is called Sinkiang-Kashmir Border Agreement.

India lodged protest against the Sino-Pak Agreement. Through its letter dated 16th March 1963, addressed to the President of the U.N. Security Council, India took the stand that the agreement was a violation of the resolutions of the Security Council and the U.N. Commission for India-Pakistan. Pakistan’s position was that Northern Areas were integrated part of the disputed state of Jammu and Kashmir, and their fate is yet to be decided along with the rest of the State, through a plebiscite as provided in the U.N. resolutions. Relevant text of the then Foreign Mister of Pakistan, Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto explaining the Pakistan’s position is reproduced as follows:
My Government is bound by its duty to declare the Security Council that, pending determination of the future of Kashmir, through the will of the people impartially ascertained, no position taken or adjustments made by either of the parties to the present controversy between India and China or any similar controversy in the future shall be valid or affect the status of the territory of Jammu and Kashmir or the imperatives or demilitarization and self determination of the state of Jammu and Kashmir laid down in the resolution of 21 April 1948, 30 March 1951, 24 January 1957, and in resolutions of the United Nations Commissions for India and Pakistan, dated 13 August 1948, and 5 January 1949, which have been jointly accepted by both India and Pakistan and by which both governments, according to their repeated declarations, stand engaged.

“The Boundary Agreement (between Pakistan and China) does not affect the status of the territory of Jammu and Kashmir. It does not affect the imperatives of demilitarization of the state. It does not derogate one jot or title from the right of self-determination of the people. When in the occupied Jammu and Kashmir, the “All Jammu and Kashmir Conference” recommended through a resolution (27 October, 1950), that the future shape and annexation of the state of Jammu and Kashmir be decided through the Constituent Assembly, the Security Council took the decision in its Resolution of 30 March, 1951 (accepted both by Pakistan and India) that such an assembly had no authority to decide the future of the state.

During the hearing of the Indian plane (Ganga) hijacking case started in 1971 and ended on 17 May, 1973, the Attorney General of Pakistan admitted before the Supreme Court of Pakistan that: “No given part of the state of Jammu and Kashmir can decide on its own, to join either Pakistan or India”.
While establishing the constitutional future of the Northern Areas, the full bench of the Azad Kashmir High Court (verdict on Gilgit and Baltistan (N.A.) March 18, 1993) held in a petition filed by Mohammad Miskeen and Haji Bashir Khan of Gilgit and Shaikh Abdul Aziz Advocate of Muzaffarabad:
Northern Areas (Gilgit and Baltistan) are part of Azad Kashmir, historically and constitutionally;
The Azad Kashmir government should establish administrative and legal institutions in these areas.
Under the Provisional Constitutional Act, 1974, the (A.K.) High Court has the right to hear all petitions concerning Azad Kashmir;
And (the Court) also has right to hear cases in all matters pertaining to Northern Areas.
The government of AJ&K appealed against the decision of the High Court in the AJ&K Supreme Court, which announced its decision on 14 September, 1994, stating: “No doubt, that Northern Areas are part of the state of Jammu and Kashmir – but not of Azad Kashmir. Therefore, the government need not take administrative control of these areas.
The Supreme Court of Pakistan ordered the government vide its decision of May 28, 1999, that Northern Areas were constitutional part of the state of Jammu and Kashmir. The government of Pakistan should ensure that basic human rights and other political and administrative institutions are provided in the areas within six months. However, the action should not adversely affect Pakistan’s stand concerning the Kashmir dispute.

The Indian Stand

The Indian Constitution provides that the Northern Areas [of Pakistan] and Azad Kashmir are part of the Indian Union. That is why the Indian Occupied Kashmir Assembly has 25 seats reserved for Azad Kashmir, Gilgit and Baltistan, on the basis of 1941-51 census.
The greater part of Northern Areas – adjacent to Ladakh and Kargil – is administered by India as part of its occupied Kashmir. Members for the Indian Occupied Kashmir assembly are also elected from Ladakh and Kargil. Even ministers are taken from there and the administrative control rests with the government of Occupied Kashmir. Seeing that Ladakh and Kargil are farther away from Srinagar as compared to the distance between Azad Kashmir and Northern Areas, the situation on Pakistan’s side assumes special importance. That India which has even declared the state of Jammu and Kashmir as its integral part treats Ladakh and Kargil as part of the state.

Post Independence Progress

No sooner did Sardar Muhammad Alam took over as Political Agent of Pakistan in November 1947, the Frontier Crimes Regulations (FCR) were enforced over whole of Northern Areas. This was the English law for the tribal areas through which a civil servant exercised all judicial and administrative powers. (It is worth noting that prior to this FCR, the Maharaja of Kashmir in his period had provided an independent judicial system for the areas, and the people could appeal before the Kashmir High Court). Furthermore, a feature of the new system was that the Political Agent was placed under the Political Resident of the NWFP.

In 1950, the federal Government brought the affairs of the Northern Areas under the administrative control of Ministry of Kashmir Affairs and Northern Areas, which remains as such since then. The ministry introduced the post of Political Resident instead of Political Agent. In 1952, a Joint Secretary of the Ministry of Kashmir Affairs was appointed Resident for the Northern Areas . However, no change occurred in essence with the new system, because the administrative and judicial authorities remained centralized, as in the past, in the position of the Resident and no system was designed for political representation. People of the area were not very happy with this state of affairs. Some of the significant responses and developments are as follows:

Colonel Mirza Hasan Khan, the hero of the freedom war, established a party – the Gilgit League – in 1957. This was the first political organization set up at the local level. After the 1958 Martial Law, the organization got banned, and Mirza Hasan joined the Azad Kashmir civil service.
During the sixties an organization was established named “ Gilgit and Baltistan Jamhoori Mahaz ” (Democratic Front). The Mahaz employed means like print media, literature and demonstrations to present with full force the case of political and constitutional rights of the people. It was due to the struggle of this organization that the AJ&K assembly adopted the resolution seeking Northern Areas joining of AJ&K. This organization also got inactive after 1973.
In 1973, “ Gilgit and Baltistan Students Federation ” was organized in Karachi by the students of the area studying in Karachi. Although nothing happened in substance because of this movement, yet the organization played an important role in introducing the problems of the rights of Northern Areas’ people in a Metropolitan like Karachi. After 1976, however the Federation also became inactive and ceased all activities.

The Ministry of Kashmir Affairs introduced some reforms in 1967. Inter alia, a Resident was appointed instead of Political Resident with his headquarter in Gilgit. The tasks of administration, High Court and Revenue Commissioner were all pooled in the body of the Resident.

Under the Resident, there used to be two Political Agents, one each for Gilgit and Baltistan agencies. Each of the Political Agents exercised the following powers simultaneously in his jurisdiction:

District and Session Judge;
District Magistrate;
Revenue Collector;
Commissioner for FCR;
Inspector General, Police;
Chairman District Council
Controlling Officer of Cooperative Society

The above list is well indicative of the powers and authority of the Resident and Political Agent.

Elections in Northern Areas conducted for the first time in 1970. These were for the NA Advisory Council consisting of 16 members. It was the first representative body of the Northern Areas. While the Council had the power to sanction development schemes it was almost helpless in all other matters. During its early days, Commissioner N.A. (Resident) used to chair the Council. Later, a change was brought about, and the Federal Minister for Kashmir Affairs became the chairman.
An incident occurred during this period brought a number of changes in the administrative set-up in NAs. The daughter of an officer of the Gilgit Scouts (the law and order agency under the local administration) could not pass a school examination. Her mother visited the school and had bitter exchanges with the Head mistress. The Head mistress complained to the Deputy Commissioner, who suspended her service. A delegation of Tanzeem-e-Millat went to see the Resident Commissioner to get redressed the injustice done to the Head mistress. The Commissioner insulted the delegation. To react, the organization took to the streets with protest rallies and meetings. In response, the administration resorted to firing killing a few demonstrators. This incident turned into a political movement demanding basic rights for the Northern Areas. Because of mishandling by the administration, the element of violence entered into an otherwise peaceful protest movement. The administration got hold of and imprisoned fifteen top leaders of the “Tanzeem”. But people broke the jail and set their leaders free.
During 1972 the then government of Mr. Z. A. Bhutto announced a general amnesty with reference to the above incident. In a package reform it replaced FCR. and instituted a new district Diamir with immediate effect. The President of Pakistan, through his proclamation of August 1972, brought about fundamental structural reforms:
The system of Feudal Lords, Rajas, Mir of Nagar and Agency was abolished;
Gilgit and Baltistan agencies were given the status of districts;
“Resident” and “Political Agent” were re-named Commissioner and Deputy Commissioner, respectively.
With general amnesty and the process of administrative reforms, “Tanzeem-e-Millat” got merged in the Pakistan People’s Party.
In September 1974, Prime Minister Bhutto visited Northern Areas. On the occasion, he declared Ganchi and Ghazar as two new districts and abolished the state of Hunza.

When on July 5, 1977 General Zia ul Haq imposed Martial Law in Pakistan, the Northern Areas were also declared “Martial Law Zone-E” (A to D being the four Provinces). From the administrative viewpoint, this was the first important decision that gave rise to confusion about the constitutional position of the Northern Areas. To this, the contradictory statements made by President Zia about the areas’ future and constitutional position added further confusion. In April 1982, the newspapers reported the President stating: that Gilgit, Skardu and Hunza were not “disputed” areas, but part of Pakistan34. Speaking to correspondents in Quetta on May 9, 1982, he said: “Kashmir has been a disputed issue, but so far as the Northern Areas are concerned, we do not accept them disputed. The President also nominated three individuals of the area, for the Majlis-e-Shura, as observers. Inaugurating the second session of the Shura, President Zia expressed his happiness that representatives from Northern Areas were there. He said “I am not talking of Kashmir; I am talking about the Northern Areas, which make part of Pakistan.”

With the said remarks of the President, the media naturally took up the issue. Various quarters objected the new stand. It was the period when four of the major political parties (Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference, Azad Kashmir People’s Party, Jammu and Kashmir Mahaz-e-Raiy Shumari, and Azad Muslim Conference) had joined in a movement for the restoration of democracy. Leaders of all the four parties sent a jointly signed letter to President Zia on May 4, 1982. The letter explained in sufficient detail the position of the areas: that they belonged to the state, and like the rest of the state constituents, their future position was yet to be decided. That the U.N. Documents provided ample proof and that it has been the principle stand of all past governments in Pakistan. The President’s statements were depriving around 6 to 7 hundred thousands inhabitants of the area of their right to vote in the plebiscite, which will be a great loss to Kashmir and to Pakistan.

Although the President did not reply the letter, but sometimes afterwards conceded in an interview with M.J. Akbar (Editor Weekly Sunday , India), that Gilgit and Baltistan were not part of Pakistan and were as much disputed as the rest of the Kashmir. With this the press discussion ended for the time being. However, while meeting a delegation of the Northern Areas on 15 April, 1985, President Zia-ul Haq again indicated, that: Northern Areas will be given representation before the next meeting of the National Assembly, and that elections for the National Assembly seats will be held in the three Northern Areas districts including Skardu and Gilgit. Also, that the Justice Ministry has been directed and it was considering to remove obstacles in the way of Northern Area’s representation in the National Assembly. After the case review, Northern Areas will be given representation in the National Assembly and the Senate through a notification. However, there was neither any notification made, nor the pronounced representation could be given in the Assembly and the Senate.

A high power Committee was constituted in 1984-85 to settle the future of the Northern Areas. Members of the Committee included the Secretaries of Divisions/ Ministries of Establishment, Finance, Planning, Law, Interior, Education, and Kashmir Affairs and Northern Areas. The Committee soon submitted its report. But it was neither implemented, nor made public.

In the 1988-90 PPP government appointed Mr. Qurban Ali (chairman PPP, Northern Areas) as Advisor to the Prime Minister for Northern Areas.

Later again, during the second PPP regime Federal Cabinet approved a “reform package” for the Northern Areas, on April 25, 1994. The package included following actions:

The membership of the Northern Areas Council was enhanced from 18 to 26. It was decided that members will be elected on the basis of adult franchise ;
To administer Northern Areas, the Federal Minister of Kashmir Affairs, will be the Chief Executive of the Council; To assist C.E; the Council will elect a Deputy Chief Executive;
Three to five members of the Council will be taken as Advisors to C.E. They will enjoy the status of provincial ministers. Their appointment will, however, depend on the C.E’s discretion ;
The post of Judicial Commissioner will be abolished, and a 3-member Chief Court will be constituted under the chairmanship of a retired Judge. Any senior judicial officer belonging to federation or the provincial High Court will be deputed as member of the Chief Court, whereas a District Session Judge from the Northern Areas will also be its member. The Court was however, not authorized to hear writ petitions.

Through the “package”, Northern Areas were turned into de facto province. For the first time, the federal government appointed in the area, a Chief Secretary and four Secretaries.

Under the package, party-based elections were held for the first time in 1994. A member of Pakistan People’s Party got elected as Deputy Chief Executive. PPP and Tahrik-i-Jafaria also sent two Advisors each, while Muslim League (Junejo group) got one seat of Advisor. These Advisors were assigned public departments. Rules of Business were also framed so that official matters could be regulated. Inspite of all this, all the five Advisors including the Deputy CE, generally complained that they had no powers. Authority instead was still exercised by the bureaucracy.

Interesting to note about the “package” was the fact that a non-representative person (C.E.) was made head of the popularly elected Deputy Chief Executive. That adversely affected the credibility of the elected body, and gave the impression that it was only a showpiece.

Financial and administrative powers remained centred in the federal Finance and Establishment Divisions, which the Chief Executive exercised as his exclusive prerogative. Thus the lack of power of the Deputy Chief Executive and the Advisors became evident.

Decision of the Supreme Court of Pakistan (1999)

As explained earlier the constitutional position of the Northern Areas is clear that historically they are part of the state of Jammu and Kashmir. In spite of that there is persistent confusion in the administrative and judicial structure. That has given rise to various problems and the people of the area, as well as in Pakistan, feel un-easy about it. Attempts made through political struggle and dialogue have yielded nothing. That was the back-ground of the petition brought before the Supreme Court of Pakistan by Habib Wahab al-Khairi (founder of Al-Jihad Trust, Rawalpindi), making Secretary, Ministry of Kashmir Affairs and N.A. defendant to the lawsuit. It was pleaded that the Court restores the basic human rights of the people of the area. In its 42-pages judgment of 28 May, 1999, the Supreme Court directed the Government of Pakistan that: “…since the geographical location of the Northern Areas is very sensitive because it is bordering India, China, Tibet and USSR, and as the above areas in the past have also been treated differently, this Court cannot decide what type of Government should be provided to ensure the compliance with the above mandate of the Constitution. Nor we can direct that the people of Northern Areas should be given representation in the Parliament as, at this stage it may not be in the larger interest of the country because of the fact that a plebiscite under the auspices of the United Nations is to be held. The above questions are to be decided by the Parliament and the Executive. This Court at the most can direct that the proper administrative and legislative steps should be taken to ensure that the people of Northern Areas enjoy their above rights under the Constitution.”

“…As regards the right to access to justice through an independent judiciary, it may be observed that the Northern Areas has a Chief Court, which can be equated with a High Court provided it is manned by the persons or the statute who are fit to be elevated as Judges to any High Court in Pakistan. Its jurisdiction is to be enlarged as to include jurisdiction to entertain Constitutional Petitions inter alia to enforce the Fundamental Rights enshrined in the Constitution…”

“…To initiate appropriate administrative/legislative measures within a period of six months from today to make necessary amendments in the Constitution/ relevantstatute/statues/order/orders/rules/notification/notifications, to ensure that the people of Northern Areas enjoy their above fundamental rights, namely, to be governed through their chosen representatives and to have access to justice through an independent judiciary inter alia for enforcement of their Fundamental Rights guaranteed under the Constitution.

The Government’s Initiatives

In the light of the Supreme Court’s decision, the government prepared a package for the Northern Areas. General (R) Abdul Majeed Malik, the then Minister for Kashmir Affairs and Northern Areas made a detailed visit of the area and met important personalities. On October 2, 1999, he announced that government was soon bringing a constitutional reforms package, through which the Northern Areas Council will be turned into Northern Areas Legislative Council.

In order to implement the package through the elected representatives the federal government also announced the holding of elections for the Council and local bodies. The government’s proposed actions were still being discussed, when the Army took over on October 12, 1999. The new government however stood by the decision of elections as scheduled. Elections were held under the supervision of the military. Amendment in the “Legal Frame Work Order 1994” was however, made after about 9 months (7 July, 2000). Main features of the amendment are:

Northern Area Council was renamed “Northern Area Legislative Council”, and was authorized legislation in 40 items;
Council’s membership was raised to 29. Five seats were reserved for women – one elected indirectly, from each district;
“Chief Executive” will not be from amongst the Council members;
Speaker, elected by the majority of the Council members, will preside over council’s meetings;
Council members will no more be empowered to approve development schemes;
Deputy Chief Executive will be authorized to transfer officers of grade 18, but not the Deputy Commissioner or the Superintendent of Police. For that he will have to get prior approval of the Chief Secretary. The Chief Secretary will be authorized to transfer officers upto grade 17.
It was expected that the “package” would lead to the setting up of local government, and powers will be devolved accordingly. However it became clear that the bureaucracy is powerful as usual in the new self-contradicting package. It is obvious that unless the Deputy Chief Executive is not enabled to exercise full financial and administrative powers, he will not be able to show any meaningful performance in public service. The package did provide for apparent protocol for the high authorities, but the real transfer of power and decision-making still does not rest with the elected representatives. That is the highly negative aspect of the package.

Possible Scenarios

What then should be done? Various suggestions made so far by different schools and quarters for the future status of NA are presented here summarily, as follows:
Northern Areas be merged with Azad Kashmir to make “One unit”, and people of the area be given due representations in the Azad Kashmir Assembly and Kashmir Council; The proposal also seeks to expand the AJ&K High court and Supreme court Jurisdiction to NA. Moreover it also suggests to amend AJ&K constitution (1974) making it mandatory to have either PM or President from the NA and necessary legislation to allow rather encourage AJ&K political parties to work in NA.
The N. Areas be made fifth province of Pakistan;
Northern Areas be made self-governing separate unit, like Azad Kashmir;
The Areas be directly administered by the federal government, as done in case of FATA.

Before any meaningful discussion on the above suggestions, we need to know what various political parties, religious groups, both from AK and NAs. the Azad Kashmir government and the federal Ministry of Kashmir had to say about the future of the area. This would help in establishing correct perspective. Religious and Political Parties and their Position As said earlier, facing political vacuum, masses in the Northern Areas could not get generally organized on political lines. This however, made easier their division and organization on sectarian basis. Over the past 55 years, the Sunni-Shia division has become firmly established. Parties speaking for a sect have assumed high importance. Therefore, the position of these sects and groups has become equally important about the future status of the area. We have briefly reviewed the viewpoint of major groups in the following:

Sectarian Groups Shia School of Thought: This school has two sub-groups: Anjuman Ahle-Tashia was established before the Partition (1947) and is registered under Societies Act. Its major activity is establishment and running of madaris and masajid . Since 1980 it also started working for securing Shia political rights. It is quite effective in its community.

Tahrik-e-Ja’fria Pakistan : Tahrik is a sister organization of the said Anjuman Ahle-Tashia ; it may rather be called Anjuman’s political front. In the 1994 setup, two Advisors were taken from Tahrik. The Deputy Chief Executive elected on July 28, 2000, Fida Mohammad Nashad also belong to the Tahrik-e-Ja’fria.

Both the Shia organizations demand to make Northern Areas, the fifth province of Pakistan. They claim that historically the areas never belonged to Kashmir, nor they have anything common in culture. They also argue that it was the people of the Northern Areas who themselves overthrew Dogra Raj and got the areas annexed with Pakistan. Pakistan accepted the annexation, but conditions at that time warranted not to announce it; mainly because the Foreign Office considered that as and when plebiscite is held people of the area will cast their vote in favour of Pakistan.

The two organizations have also expressed apprehension many a time that if made part of Kashmir, Northern Areas will remain backward and disadvantaged, because being less developed they would never be in a position to compete with more developed Kashmiris.

Sunni School of Thought: Tanzeem-e-Ahle-Sunnah wal Jamaat : Established as a social welfare organization in 1980 represents the Sunni sect. Its original purpose was the establishment and administration of Masajid and Madaris . However, when sectarian clashes started in 1980, Tanzeem became the political and religious party of the Sunnis, and was practically accepted in that position as representative of Sunnis.

The organization supports the option that together with Azad Kashmir, the Northern Areas should form one unit. Tanzeem views that by bringing the two areas together, Sunnis will command majority, and otherwise they will remain minority in the Northern Areas.

Ahle-Sunnah also express the fear, that the freedom movement in the occupied Kashmir is passing through a critical phase. Separate identity or administrative structure for the Northern Areas will adversely affect the movement therefore, any such decision i.e. making NAs a separate unit, should be avoided.

Tanzeem-e-Ahle-Sunnah considers that if Northern Areas are merged with Azad Kashmir, the people of the area will have the opportunity of direct participation in the Kashmir struggle, which is their religious obligation. Once freedom won, Azad Kashmir and Northern Areas will ultimately become part of Pakistan. In this background, when the Azad Kashmir High Court gave its verdict that Azad Kashmir government should take over “administrative” control of the Northern Areas, the decision was widely welcomed by the Ahle-Sunnah.

A section of Ahl-e-Sunnah also argues that Northern Areas have very small population (about a million) and therefore making the area a province is not practical.

Political Parties’ stand

Jama’at-e-Islami: Jama’at does not appeal on the sectarian basis. Nevertheless, being an Islamic Movement, a good number of religious-minded people are attached to it. Established initially in AJ & K the Jama’at is the only party active under one organization both in Azad Kashmir and Northern Areas.

Jama’at-e-Islami also favours one unit of AK and NA. Jama’at believes that Kashmir will soon be free and if therefore, the two areas are merged in one unit it will strengthen the freedom movement, will make things more difficult for India and thus will bring the freedom target closer. As regards to the grassroots problems Jama’at is of the view that simple constitutional and administrative reforms will not suffice to solve the problems of the area. There is infact, need to bring change at the leadership level in the country at large, and to set a government and a society based on justice (adl).

Pakistan Peoples Party: Pakistan Peoples Party is a considerable force in the Northern Areas politics. It has generally enjoyed good representation in the Northern Area Council. Its principle stand is that government can restore rights of the people without damaging the cause of Kashmir. And, that government should act according to the spirit of the Supreme Court decision.
Pakistan Muslim League: Pakistan Muslim League has also been prominent in the electoral politics of Northern Areas. The party says;
Northern Areas be given a government on the pattern of Azad Kashmir; and
“Chief Executive” should be a local person and elected by the representative members of the Council.

Regional and Nationalist Groups

Nationalist parties have negligible role in the Northern Areas politics. They have neither been successful in playing any significant role in solving the public problems, nor had representation of any size in the N.A. Legislative (or Advisory) Council. However, the Indian media is quite active in projecting and publicizing their views. This special background makes it necessary to understand what is their position and stance on the issue.

Mutahidda Qaumi Party: The party is headed by Major (R) Hussain Shah, who says: “We want to have our own elected Chief Executive. Governance, including judicial, administrative and education system, should rest with the local people. However, Pakistan may retain defense, currency and foreign affairs till the plebiscite is held in Jammu and Kashmir.”
Balawaristan National Front: The Front does not consider NAs to be part of Kashmir. They demand elections in NA under the supervision of United Nations. Claiming that both India and Pakistan do not want to let loose their respective hold over Kashmir and Northern Areas, the BNF suggests a “practical” solution, as they call it, for the world community. Accordingly, Azad Kashmir, Northern Areas, Srinagar, Jammu, and Ladakh are to be declared five separate and independent states and then brought into a “federation”. Plebiscite then be carried under the auspices of the United Nations in all these states to ascertain whether they would; (i) maintain the federation; (ii) join Pakistan; or (iii) join India. The majority vote of each state is to decide its fate58.
Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front: The organization is one of those who exist in all parts of Jammu and Kashmir. Its president in the Northern Areas, Zia-ul Haq says: “Jammu and Kashmir is an indivisible entity. The U.N. Security Councils’ permanent members U.S., U.K, China, France and Russia should form a Kashmir Committee that should work under the supervision of UN Secretary General. The Committee should declare Kashmir free and independent for 15 years. Plebiscite be held after that period, and any majority decision of the people will be acceptable to us.

Other Important Organizations

Northern Areas Bar Council: The NAs Bar Council although not a political party but has an important role in the struggle for basic rights of the people and their constitutional position in NAs. A very important development took place when at the Bar level, lawyers belonging to different parties adopted a joint stand on the issue. Bar’s stand as stated by its President Sher Wali Advocate is as follows:

People of the Northern Areas are unanimous that their basic human rights be restored. The resolution of the Northern Areas High Court Bar Association is fully supported by all the people of Northern Areas. The first priority is that Northern Areas be declared fifth province of the country. Second option may be establishment of a government like AJ & K. If the two proposals are considered impractical, then Azad Kashmir and Gilgit and Baltistan are declared one unit.

No one can deny our commitment, loyalty and sacrifices for Kashmir. It is not possible to overlook the participation of the people of Northern Areas in the plebiscite. Yet, until the plebiscite is held, the Northern Areas should necessarily have an ad-hoc political and democratic structure.

All Parties Mutahidda Council: The Mutahidda Council of 12 political and religious parties says:

Northern Areas be given a provisional constitution like the Azad Kashmir, in the light of the decision of the Supreme Court of Pakistan till the final solution of the Kashmir dispute. Under that constitution, legislative assembly, executive and judiciary be established… Moreover Northern Areas be given representation in the Kashmir Council on party basis. Or else, Azad Kashmir and Northern Areas should have common Senate and there should be one President for both the areas.

AJ&K Leadership: All political parties, including the ruling groups in AJ&K, maintain a unanimous position about Northern Areas. In the context of the future of Northern Areas, frequently held All Parties Conferences expressed consensus position that: “Northern Areas are part of the state of Jammu and Kashmir and may be merged in Azad Kashmir.”

As a matter of fact the Azad Kashmir people and their leadership have deep attachment with the Northern Areas. They oppose declaring the area a province, because that paves the way to division of Kashmir. The question is however pertinent that why did then Azad Kashmir government entered into agreement with government of Pakistan for the latter to take administrative control of the area? The prominent Kashmiri journalist (late) Mir Abdul Aziz makes the following explanation:

Leadership in Azad Kashmir felt that plebiscite was a matter of few months, so there was no harm handing over Northern Areas to Pakistan.

It was in this context that the Azad Kashmir Assembly passed the resolution that says:

In the opinion of this House, it was an historical reality that Gilgit and Baltistan form part of the state of Jammu and Kashmir. And at the end of 100 years Dogra subjugation and establishment of Azad Jammu and Kashmir government, the area was only temporarily handed over to Pakistan to run the administrative affairs, … and that according to the Security Council resolutions, the future of Jammu and Kashmir, including Gilgit and Baltistan, was yet to be decided through a free and fair plebiscite… This House demands from the government of Pakistan, that Gilgit and Baltistan be given representation in the Azad Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly. To provide political and social justice to the people of the area, the Azad Kashmir High Court’s jurisdiction be extended to Northern Areas so that the people of the area avail the benefit of freedom and enabled to shoulder future responsibilities.

The Dilemma

As noted earlier, Pakistan’s official policy seems subject to confusion and uncertainty, particularly after 1980. The main reason being the strategic importance of the Northern Areas and hence a section of the government of Pakistan has always wished that the areas be merged with Pakistan. In particular about Gilgit Agency the Interior and Foreign Ministries have since November 1947, been thinking on these lines. The Interior Ministry argues that the Agency has not been under administrative control of Maharaja Kashmir. The British held and administered these areas like other political agencies of the tribal areas. Hence, with the British gone, Gilgit Agency gets automatically transferred to Pakistan. And, as the people of the area have themselves opted to join Pakistan, the legal requirement has also been met.

Another historic fact is that Khan Abdul Qayyum Khan, the first Chief Minister of NWFP who being a Kashmiri, was himself active in the Kashmir struggle, had proposed in 1947 that Gilgit Agency be transferred to Governor NWFP, like any tribal area thus overtime, the Agency would have become part of North West Frontier Province.

The Foreign Office did not agree to the proposal at that time. It felt that be it for only name sake, but Maharaja Kashmir exercised authority over Gilgit, it should not therefore be considered independent of the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Also, the possibility of plebiscite under the auspices of United Nations was still there. Then why should the Gilgit Agency’s “vote bank” be lost?

The above dilemma still persists, and can be seen in the initiatives of various government organs in their respective spheres. Gilgit Agency is sometimes shown on the survey maps, as part of Pakistan while on some other occasions it is clubbed with the disputed state of Jammu and Kashmir.

The Ministry of Kashmir Affairs blocked political parties of Azad Kashmir to go into Gilgit and Baltistan. Late K.H. Khurshid was not allowed entry into Gilgit. One of the statements by president and the founder of the government of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Sardar Mohammad Ibrahim in this regard is worth noting. He says:

“As and when we tried to go there, we were blocked. Such actions by the Ministry of Kashmir Affairs were considered to mean that people of the two areas (Kashmir and N.A.) should not be let to forge close relations.”

As said, the government of Pakistan was very sensitive because of the strategic importance of the area. Some top-level policy-makers have been privately expressing that there was the possibility of Kashmir getting independent or some such other arrangement that would also include Northern Areas. In such a situation, Pakistan will be deprived of these areas of strategic importance as well. On the other hand, there is the will to liberate whole Kashmir, for which a movement is already there. Therefore, the government of Pakistan seems to have no clear-cut stand and is facing a situation of what to do. As a result the people of the Northern Areas suffer a lot.”

Ministry of Kashmir Affairs’ Position The Ministry/Division of Kashmir Affairs has been enjoying exclusive powers to govern these areas since 1950. Most of the people representing the political leadership of the Northern Areas, are of the view that such extraordinary powers are unique in the country and therefore they blame that constitutional ambiguity about the areas, is being deliberately maintained. They claim that it is this ambiguity that creates a vacuum of political system and gives the bureaucrats an opportunity to directly rule the area. They also view that the general resentment found among the people of Northern Areas is in fact, due to lack of vision of the ministry’s officials resulting in ill-conceived policies and mishandling of various issues by them. As a result the issue of people’s rights remains unsettled.

Another important factor is the, large-scale smuggling being done through the adjacent China border. The local people allege that a number of bureaucrats have their share in the ‘benefits’ arising out of such activities and therefore would never like to leave the present powers they are enjoying67.

Summary and Recommendations Historically Northern Areas belong to the state of Jammu and Kashmir, yet a considerable section of the population of the area prefers to have separate administrative system, rather than joining Azad Kashmir. Three factors can be noted:

Despite being historically part of the same state there has been lack of direct contact between the people of AJ&K and the Northern Areas. As a result, the two have distinctly different cultures and speak different languages;
Over the past 55 years, whether it is politics, economics or education or any other sphere of life, the people of the area have been closely linked with Pakistan. Local people fear that within AJ&K, the Northern Areas will not be enjoying any notable political position. The center of power and authority will be either Srinagar or Muzaffarabad and not the NA;
The local Shia and Ismaili groups oppose integration with AJ&K, because that will considerably decrease their share in the overall population and they will become insignificant. With the massive social and welfare activities being done by Aga Khan Foundation in the Northern Areas these groups see an increased and enhanced role for themselves in future. That has given the Foundation increasing access and influence.

Despite the above-said factors, the reality however is that any move to merge Northern Areas in Pakistan will mean de-facto division of the state of Kashmir. Pakistan will lose all grounds in its principle stance over the dispute of Kashmir and will not be in a position to take the issue to UN or at any other international forum. Any attempt to disregard the unity of the state of Jammu and Kashmir would damage the struggle in Kashmir and would greatly affect the outcome whenever a plebiscite is held. This is also the reason why the persistent demand by Buddhists from the occupied Ladakh to let them join the Indian Union has never been accepted by the Indian government. Similarly, the demands in the three Hindu majority districts of Jammu (Jammu, Oudhampur, Katho’a) for independent status within the Indian Union have also been refused by India.

Any action by Pakistan towards annexing NA. will give India a justification to merge these areas within its Union and Pakistan having itself so conducted, will not be in a position to even protest against India on doing so. As and when plebiscite is held in Kashmir, Northern Areas being part of Kashmir or even if the present status quo is maintained would in all probability mean an additional one million votes for Pakistan. Once merged into Pakistan people of these areas would become irrelevant and will have no vote at all.

There is thus need to look for a way out ensuring the NA people their constitutional rights other than annexing the NA with Pakistan or making them part of AJ&K. The way out should also in no way affect Pakistan’s historic and principle stand on Kashmir nor give India any chance to divide Kashmir.

The history and politics of the area, Pakistan’s stance concerning the Kashmir dispute, and finally the decision of the Supreme Court, bring forth the following points:

Northern Areas be accorded special status. They should remain part of Jammu and Kashmir, yet for local administration, there should be elected legislative Council, and independent judiciary;
People of the Northern Areas be given all those fundamental human rights, that are enjoyed by citizens in any other part of the country or in AJ&K.

Administrative Reforms

Specific reforms are proposed as under:

The “Chief Executive” should be popularly elected and should be a local;
The authority of the Deputy Chief Executive should be properly established. He should be directly accountable to the Prime Minister in the federation, and the local level to the NA Legislative Council;
If the federal government seeks to maintain a non-local and non-representative Chief Executive, then his powers should be symbolic like the provincial governors, and all administrative authority should rest with the Deputy Chief Executive;
All matters pertaining to NA should be transferred to the Secretariat in Gilgit. Exception with regard to strategic affairs is possible and these can be dealt in the federal secretariat;
Financial and administrative powers should be handed over to the Northern Area Council;
Past “packages” could not be properly implemented due to the self-centred difference within the bureaucracy in Islamabad and Gilgit. The losers have been the people of the area. There is need to create harmony within these ranks, and that no one is allowed to join the administration team who favours centralization rather than devolution of authority;
Local officers should be promoted to take charge of the departments. It will improve efficiency and bridge the gap between people and the administration. To this end, the practice of deputation be discouraged.

Mir, G.M. (1996). Jammu-o-Kashmir ki Jughrafiaiy Haqiqtain. Lahore: Maqtaba Dastan Ltd . p. 29.

Sarraf, Justice Yousaf. (1979). Kashmiris Fight for Freedom. Lahore: Feroze Sons. pp. 1293-1294.

Op. cit. Jammu and Kashmir … p. 29.

AJ & K High Court Verdict on Gilgit and Baltistan, p. 4.

Brown, William A. The Gilgit Rebellion . London. p. 219.

Op. cit. Kashmiris Fight for Freedom … p. 1293-1294.

AJ & K High Court Verdict on Gilgit and Baltistan, p. 8-14, and Letter of President of Azad Jammu and Kashmir to President of Pakistan, Daily Jang Karachi, March 26, 1989.

AJ & K High Court Verdict on Gilgit and Baltistan, p.203.

The News , Rawalpindi, September 15, 1994.

Al-Jihad Trust v. Federation of Pakistan 1999, SCMR 1379.

Weekly Kasheer, Rawalpindi, No 6, October 31, 2000.

Human Rights Commission of Pakistan’s Newsletter, January 1994, p.23; see also William A. Brown, p. 219-220.

Dani, Ahmad Hassan. (1989). Northern Areas of Pakistan. Islamabad: National Institute of Historical and Cultural Research. p. 414.

Khan, Amanullah. (1992). Jehde Musalsal . Rawalpindi: S.S. Combined. p. 77-80.

Op.cit, Northern Areas of Pakistan… p. 416

Salik, S.B.A.‘Sakardu Note Book’. The Nation , Islamabad. July 27. 2000.

The organization was established in Gilgit with the name of Tanzeem-e-Millat in 1971. The objective of the organization was to eliminate the state’s system in the Northern Areas and to give NA the status of a province.

Newsletter, p. 23-24.

Op. cit, Ahmad Hassan Dani, p. 419.

S.B.A. Salik, Sakardu Note Book , The Nation, Islamabad, July 27, 2000.

Daily Nawai Waqt, Rawalpindi, April 13, 1982.

G.M. Mir, “Future of Gilgit and Baltistan”, Daily Nawai Waqt, Rawalpindi, October 19, 1982.

Weekly Mag, Karachi, July 1–7, 1982

Op.cit G. M. Mir…

Taj Naeem, “New Reforms Packages for Northern Areas-I” , The Muslim , Islamabad, June 12, 1994.

Taj Naeem, “New Reforms Packages for Northern Areas-II” , The Muslim , Islamabad, June 16, 1994.

Op.cit, Taj Naeem … Part-I …

Op. cit, S.B.A. Salik…

“The Decision of Supreme Court of Pakistan,” May 28, 1999 ( Supreme Court Monthly Review , Vol. XXXII, p. 1401

Bahadur Ali Salik, “Northern Areas Package a Joke with People ”, The Nation , June 15, 2000.

Daily Jang Rawalpindi , Sunday Magazine, June 25, 2000, p. 6-7.

Daily Nawai Waqt, Rawalpindi, February 25, 1998, Report of All Parties Conference.

Mir Abdul Aziz, “Rights of the People of Northern Areas,” The Muslim , Islamabad, December 7, 1992.

Verdict on Gligit and Baltistan , p. 18.

Mukhtar Hassan, “Neglected Northern Areas,” daily Jasarat , Karachi, October 24, 1992.

Interview: Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan, Quarterly Channar , Karachi, October 24, 1990.

On the other hand non-Ismailis/Shia groups apprehend in this background that if Northern Areas are made a province, or given such a separate status then (seeing that Shia and Ismailis are already in majority in Wakhan and Chitral), all these areas can in future, be grouped into an “Ismaili State.”

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Northern Areas

Pakistan's northern reaches, often referred to as the "Northern Areas," unveil a breathtaking tapestry of snow-capped peaks, verdant valleys, and ancient cultures. This region, cradled by the majestic Himalayas, Karakoram, and Hindu Kush mountain ranges, is a haven for adventure seekers and nature enthusiasts. Hikers can traverse challenging yet rewarding trails, like the iconic trek to Fairy Meadows nestled at the foot of Nanga Parbat, the "Killer Mountain." The mighty K2, the world's second-highest peak, draws experienced mountaineers for a once-in-a-lifetime challenge. The legendary Karakoram Highway, often dubbed the "Eighth Wonder of the World," snakes through rugged terrain, offering unparalleled scenic journeys with glimpses of glaciers, snow-clad peaks, and remote villages. Beyond the majestic mountains lie fertile valleys like Hunza, a Shangri-La-esque paradise known for its welcoming people, rich apricot orchards, and ancient watchtowers. Gilgit-Baltistan, the heart of the Northern Areas, boasts a unique cultural tapestry influenced by Tibetan, Central Asian, and Islamic traditions. Here, travelers can delve into centuries-old forts like Altit Fort, immerse themselves in the vibrant culture of the Kalasha people, or visit centuries-old mosques and shrines. Nature lovers can explore pristine lakes like Shangri-La Lake and Attabad Lake, formed by a devastating landslide, or spot rare wildlife like Marco Polo sheep and Himalayan brown bears in remote national parks. For those seeking relaxation, peaceful valleys like Skardu offer breathtaking scenery and a chance to unwind amidst nature's splendor. Despite the rugged terrain, warm hospitality awaits in guesthouses and homestays run by welcoming locals eager to share their stories and traditions. The Northern Areas of Pakistan are a true gem, offering a unique blend of adventure, cultural immersion, and breathtaking natural beauty.

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Hunza Valley

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Kaghan Valley

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Chitral Valley

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Northern Areas: A Paradise for Nature Lovers and Adventure Seekers

Fatima Mushtaq

The Northern Areas is an administrative region of Pakistan, with its capital in Gilgit. It is home to the Karakoram Range, which boasts more than sixty peaks with heights above 7,000 meters. Northern Pakistan, also known as Small Pakistan, is a specific tourism region located in the northern and northwestern parts of Pakistan.

It comprises Gilgit-Baltistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and the Pothohar Plateau in Punjab. The Northern Areas are the most remarkable and captivating region of Pakistan, where the three famous mountain ranges, the Hindukush, the Himalayas, and the Karakoram, meet. The northern areas of Pakistan attract tourists due to their abundance of beautiful meadows, snow-capped peaks, mountains, lakes, trees, and glaciers. Geographically, the Northern Areas are administratively divided into two divisions, which are further divided into seven districts. The two Baltistan districts are Ghanch and Skardu, and the five Gilgit districts are Gilgit, Diamer, Ghizer, Astore, and Hunza-Nagar. Gilgit-Baltistan is the northernmost region of Pakistan. The best time to visit the northern areas is from June to August when the weather is warm, and the plants and flowers are in full bloom, providing a great experience for nature enthusiasts. The northern areas are generally cold due to their high altitude, although the temperature is somewhat higher on the Balochistan plateau. The coastal areas are influenced by sea breezes. The northern areas of Pakistan have been a peaceful tourist region for decades, with only a few incidents of harassment reported. Most travelers have had easy and safe experiences in Hunza. Chapursan Valley is a remote and beautiful valley in the northern areas of Pakistan.

The northern areas of Pakistan have several features that attract tourists. They are blessed with plenty of meadows, snow-capped peaks, valleys, mountains, tall trees, lakes, rivers, grassy lands, beautiful weather, and snowfall, among others. It is in this region that the Himalayas, the Hindu Kush, and the Karakoram mountain ranges meet. Hunza Valley is a particularly beautiful tourist destination, offering a rich history, culture, and colorful traditions. The beautiful environment and cool temperatures, even in summer, are among the key attractions. The northern areas allow visitors to witness the beauty of the world and experience different aspects of nature.

Islamabad : The federal territory of Islamabad is considered part of northern Pakistan due to its mountainous region straddling the Himalayas, Karakoram, and Hindu Kush ranges. It is home to some of the highest peaks and longest glaciers outside the Polar Regions.

Murree: A mountain resort city located in the Galyat region of the PirPanjal Range, Murree is known as Pakistan’s most recognized hill station. It offers breathtaking scenery and a cool climate, making it a popular destination throughout the year.

NaranKaghan: Situated along the flow of the River Kunhar, this valley is renowned for its glaciers, crystal-clear lakes, waterfalls, and frosty mountain streams. Naran Valley is adjacent to Kaghan Valley, and both are collectively referred to as Kaghan-Naran.

Hunza: Among the most beautiful areas of Pakistan, Hunza Valley is often called “Heaven on Earth.” It is a mountainous valley located in the region of Gilgit-Baltistan and is known for its snow-capped mountains and rugged landscapes. Hunza Valley is divided into three regions: Upper Hunza, Central Hunza, and Lower Hunza, each consisting of various villages and towns.

Khunjerab Pass: The highest pass in Pakistan, Khunjerab Pass serves as the border between China and Pakistan. Located in the Karakoram Range, it is the highest concrete international crossing point and the highest point on the Karakoram Highway.

Gilgit-Baltistan: A mountainous region bordering Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Azad Kashmir, China, and India, Gilgit-Baltistan is famous for its natural beauty, including snow-capped mountains, cold deserts, and lush forests. It is a popular destination for mountaineers, trekkers, and landscape enthusiasts. Notable peaks in the region include K2, Nanga Parbat, and Rakaposhi.

Fairy Meadows: Located near the base camp of Nanga Parbat in the Diamer District of Gilgit-Baltistan, Fairy Meadows is beautiful grassland known for its stunning views and proximity to the ninth tallest mountain in the world. It is surrounded by alpine trees and offers a picturesque setting.

Skardu: Skardu is a city situated in Gilgit-Baltistan, known for its high mountains, blue waters, and rich cultural heritage. It serves as a gateway to the Gilgit-Baltistan region and offers various attractions, including lakes, forts, and national parks. Skardu is famous among mountaineers and climbers.

Chitral Valley: Located in the northern area of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Chitral Valley is renowned for its natural beauty, simplicity of its residents, and unique culture. It is nestled in the Hindukush range and offers attractions such as forts, polo grounds, and the famous Kalash Valley.

Swat Valley: Known as the “Switzerland of Pakistan,” Swat Valley is celebrated for its snow-capped mountains and scenic landscapes. It has undergone significant security improvements in recent years, making it a popular tourist destination. Mingora, the largest district in Swat, offers attractions like the Swat Museum and Mingora City Bazaar.

Kalam Valley : Located in the northern part of the Swat Valley, Kalam Valley is known for its picturesque beauty, stunning mountains, and proximity to the Swat River. It offers a unique flora and fauna and is a popular destination for nature lovers.

Kumrat Valley: Situated in the Upper Dir district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Kumrat Valley is known for its natural beauty, including lush green forests, snow-capped mountains, rivers, and waterfalls. It attracts tourists with its foggy mountains and captivating scenery.

These are just a few of the many incredible places to visit in the northern areas of Pakistan, each offering its own distinct charm and natural wonders. The Northern Areas of Pakistan, with its administrative capital in Gilgit, is a region of outstanding beauty and captivating landscapes. This specific tourism region comprises Gilgit-Baltistan, Azad Kashmir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and the Pothohar Plateau in Punjab. The Northern Areas are characterized by the convergence of three world-famous mountain ranges: the Hindukush, the Himalayas, and the Karakoram. This region attracts tourists from around the world due to its abundance of stunning meadows, snow peaks, mountains, lakes, and glaciers. The Northern Areas of Pakistan are a treasure trove of natural wonders, cultural heritage, and warm hospitality. With its diverse range of attractions and breathtaking landscapes, this region continues to attract tourists from around the world, providing them with an unforgettable experience amidst the splendor of nature. At the end, I thank to Respected Sir Dr. Muhammad Akram Zaheer for his valuable source of guidance to write this piece. He generously shared his time and knowledge, providing me with valuable feedback and constructive criticism that has significantly improved the quality of my work. His patience, encouragement, and willingness to engage in meaningful discussions have been truly inspiring.

BS Health and Nutrition

University of Okara

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Explore Pakistan’s wildest, most beautiful landscapes

Snowcapped Himalayan peaks, rare brown bears, and otherworldly rock formations dazzle travelers to this stunning part of the world.

From the precipitous peaks of the Karakoram range to the fertile Indus River plain, Pakistan is home to a diversity of stunning landscapes. Two new parks —Himalaya National Park and Nanga Parbat National Park—were designated in 2020, covering more than 2,200 square miles of biodiverse, high-altitude terrain in the northern territory of Gilgit-Baltistan .

Although its spectacular topography and fascinating history date back thousands of years, Pakistan is a relatively young nation, formed in 1947 when Partition split the Indian subcontinent into two separate countries.

Travelers can explore both cultural monuments (lengths of the ancient Silk Road, the ruins of Mohenjo-daro ) and dazzling national parks, alpine lakes, and scenic drives. Here are the best ways to get into that lesser-known, wilder side of Pakistan.

Deosai National Park

Known as “Land of the Giants,” Deosai National Park sits on an alpine plateau backdropped by snow-dusted mountains. Each spring, the lush valley is swept by wildflowers and rare butterflies, earning the name “Summer’s Palace” by locals, who enjoy the wildlife after winter’s thaw.

( Learn why mountain peaks inspire so many travelers .)

This biodiversity hot spot is home to the Tibetan wolf, Himalayan ibex, Tibetan red fox, and golden marmots, but the government granted the park protected status in 1993 to safeguard the critically endangered Himalayan brown bear. The park was also nominated for UNESCO World Heritage status in 2016.

Kaghan Valley National Park

Northern Pakistan’s picturesque Kaghan Valley is a place of fairytales. According to a local legend, a prince of Persia fell in love with a fairy princess on the crystalline waters of Lake Saiful Muluk. But a giant was also enraptured with the princess, and held her captive. One day, the prince escaped with her, and in his fury, the giant flooded the valley and created lakes with his tears. Today, visitors from around the world travel to Kaghan Valley for its mountain scenery, alpine lakes, and clear night skies.

Saiful Muluk lake in Kaghan Valley, Northern Pakistan

Makran Coastal Highway

The Makran Coastal Highway is a scenic drive along Pakistan’s Arabian Sea coast. The route starts in Karachi and runs through Gwadar to the Iran border, and is considered a major infrastructural achievement. Unique, lunar rock formations line a section of the highway known as the Buzi Pass in Hingol National Park. Natural rock sculptures, like the sphinx-shaped “Lion of Balochistan,” can be found along the highway.

Hunza Valley

In the northern territory of Gilgit-Baltistan , icy peaks soar above the Hunza River. Situated on the riverbank and surrounded by glaciers and gorges, the town of Hunza traditionally served as a resting place for travelers descending the Hindu Kush mountains into the Vale of Kashmir. The valley is home to snow leopards , markhors, ibexes, and red-striped foxes.

Tupopdan peaks and meadow along Hunza river in Passu, Northern Pakistan

Hingol National Park

Pakistan’s largest national park extends hundreds of miles along the Makran Coast. While Hingol National Park is renowned for its diverse wildlife—Sindh leopards, chinkaras, honey badgers, and Indian pangolins–it is perhaps best known for its cluster of active mud volcanoes.

( Delve into village life ialong the India-Pakistan border .)

A mix of hot spring activity, gas, and water reacts chemically with the surrounding rocks to form boiling mud. When the mud is expelled, it continuously rebuilds the cones, which are easily eroded. One of the most famous mud volcanoes is Chandragup, a sacred annual pilgrimage site for thousands of Hindus, along with the nearby Hinglaj temple.

Baltoro Glacier National Park

In Pakistan’s eastern Karakoram, Baltoro Glacier is one of the world’s largest valley glaciers. Though difficult to access, it is one of the most highly trafficked regions in Pakistan because of mountaineering destinations including K2, Broad Peak, and the Gasherbrum peaks at its head. The area is not only known for its stunning scenery, but as a life source–a large portion of northern Pakistan’s population depends on meltwater from the Karakoram glaciers.

( Learn how a team of Nepalese climbers summited K2 in winter .)

Neelum Valley National Park

In northern Azad Kashmir, the bow-shaped Neelum Valley is sandwiched between 13,000-foot peaks and blanketed by verdant forest and streams . The small hilltop village of Arang Kel, dotted with traditional wooden houses, is known as the pearl of Neelum Valley. Hiking paths around the valley afford prime views of mountains and waterfalls.

Attabad Lake

Nestled in the Hunza Valley, Attabad Lake’s vibrant turquoise waters cut through the rocky terrain. Although beautiful, the serene landscape has a violent origin story. The lake was formed in January 2010, when a massive landslide at Attabad Village flooded nearby towns, blocked the flow of the Hunza River, and displaced thousands of people. Today, it’s a popular stop for tourists who can take boats out on the water.

This story was originally published April 5, 2018. It has been updated.

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Home → Articles → The Tourism Potential of the Northern Areas in Pakistan

Written by Muhammad Hamza Sharif • August 20, 2021 • 11:47 am • Articles , Pakistan , Published Content

The Tourism Potential of the Northern Areas in Pakistan

Mr Hamza Sharif graduated with a degree in Mechanical Engineering from HITEC University. His areas of interest are geopolitics, current affairs, and history.

Muhammad Hamza Sharif https://www.paradigmshift.com.pk/author/muhammad-hamza-sharif/ Economy of Pakistan over the Years
Muhammad Hamza Sharif https://www.paradigmshift.com.pk/author/muhammad-hamza-sharif/ Who Do We Blame?
Muhammad Hamza Sharif https://www.paradigmshift.com.pk/author/muhammad-hamza-sharif/ The Media's Role in Society: Impartial Reporting or Circulating Fake News?
Muhammad Hamza Sharif https://www.paradigmshift.com.pk/author/muhammad-hamza-sharif/ Jammu and Kashmir's History: An Introduction to the Issue
Muhammad Hamza Sharif https://www.paradigmshift.com.pk/author/muhammad-hamza-sharif/ Water Shortages in Pakistan: The Urgency for Water Governance

The Mountain Ranges in Pakistan

Pakistan has some of the most beautiful mountain ranges in the world, particularly in its northern areas. These ranges possess immense benefits for the tourism industry of Pakistan. The mountain ranges in Pakistan include:

The Karakoram mountains
The Himalayas
The Hindu Kush mountains,
The Hindu Raj range
The Salt range (located in Punjab province)
The Makran range
The Suleiman mountain ranges
The Kirthar ranges (located in the Baluchistan province)
The Kiran range
The Margalla Hills (located in the capital, Islambad)

These mountain ranges in Pakistan hold great potential for tourism in the state and abroad as well. For mountaineers who love a challenge, the mountain ranges of K2, Trich Mir, Nanga Parbat, Takhtai Sulaimani, Broad Peak, Khyber Pass, Rakaposhi, and many more, in Pakistan have a lot to offer. Pakistan hosts 5 out of the world’s 14 top peaks and around 108 peaks over 7,000 and 6,000 meters, respectively, providing the ideal space and field for all types of mountainous sports.

It is very unfortunate that this sector of tourism has not been arrayed and explored due to a lack of proper attention. Our governments in the past could’ve generated huge revenue through the utilization of this gift from God. If used properly, the mountain ranges in Pakistan would not only help the Pakistani economy but also directly or indirectly help the locals of the area, either by providing jobs or enhancing business opportunities. Currently, somewhat improvised and jerry-built efforts have been made but without any plan, objectives, and placement of resources.

States Generating Revenue from Their Mountain Ranges

If we take into account Nepal and its utilization of its vast mountain range, we can see that it has done tremendous work with its tourism sector. Nepal has been able to profit off of expeditions on Mount Everest drastically. About a million people in Nepal rely upon tourism linked to mountaineering. The revenue generated due to tourism was estimated to be over 700 million USD. From this amount, Mount Everest is almost responsible for 4 million USD in only permit fees.

Another country that benefits from its mountain ranges in Switzerland. Its turnover from hiking and other mountaineering activities is colossal. First of all, it has systematically organized its mountaineering services for the local and foreign tourists. Switzerland can generate a revenue of up to 2.7 billion USD, only from the hiking trips. From this amount, 550 million USD is earned from the hotels and tuck shops that are on the routes for hikers.

Surprisingly, the desert countries of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Oman have converted their mountain ranges—Jebel Hafeet, Al-Hajar and Hatta, and Salalah—into tourist spots. They attract a large number of people interested in trekking and hiking, thus, earning billions of dollars through the tourism industry.

In 2016, the tourism industry in UAE earned $18 billion and in December 2019 this amount increased to $38 billion. It included the revenue generated from trekking, rock climbing, and hiking as well.

The Problem with the Tourism Industry of Pakistan

Pakistan, on the other hand, does earn quite a lot from its tourism sector but this amount can definitely be enhanced. The tourism industry of Pakistan contributes about 7.2% to the GDP . However, this number does not represent the revenue generated only through the northern area’s tourism but rather the amount generated from tourism all across Pakistan.

The main highlight of Pakistan for people from abroad is the mountain ranges in Pakistan, particularly the northern areas. However, the northern areas in Pakistan have not been developed properly by the government to take on large amounts of tourists from Pakistan and across the globe. The poor road networks leading to the northern areas limit the number of people that can visit the breathtaking mountain ranges. Though airports have been built to assist people while traveling, most of the time due to bad weather, flights are canceled.

The road networks in the northern areas themselves are very poorly maintained, which allow stagnant movement of traffic. With the arrival of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), some road networks have been improved, and that has allowed for an upgrade in the experience of the northern areas. Yet, it still requires further attention.

The infrastructure of roads in such areas is usually destroyed due to landslides, so maintenance is key to keeping the traffic moving. The roads in tourist-prone areas should be all-weather roads with all of the safety measures present everywhere and all the time. If we compare with those in Europe, the mountain ranges in Pakistan are wider, more challenging, adventurous, and capable of hosting all types of activities related to mountainous terrain. Unfortunately, they lack road management and affiliated services. On the other hand, countries like Switzerland have very matchlessly built road networks leading to each picnic spot.

Apart from that, the people of Pakistan with an interest in mountain sports or mountaineering, like Ali Sadpara, either lack the appropriate gear or safety insurance. There are no proper government clubs/institutes to cater to their interest and teach them the basics.

Coming onto the services, parts of the northern areas like Gilgit and Skardu still do not have access to sufficient electricity and water. This is another major shortcoming that the government needs to look into. If electricity is not available, then many of the already existing businesses, and those that are yet to be established to cater to the tourism needs, will not be able to function properly and to their full potential.

Hydroelectricity: A Necessity for the Northern Areas

It is understood that Pakistan’s northern areas are a bit out of reach from the center, hence, it is vital that these areas be made self-sufficient. Alternative power generation projects should be introduced, so at least the power shortages of the areas are reduced. The northern areas of Pakistan have the potential of producing 40,000-60,000 MW of hydroelectricity . However, in 2019, the amount of hydroelectricity produced by the Gilgit-Baltistan region was close to

It is very unfortunate that we have not been able to exploit the riches the northern areas have for our power and energy sector. These hydroelectric projects will not only sufficiently power the northern areas but will also be able to contribute, to some extent, to the rest of Pakistan. Recently, work has started on a few projects. Their completion can help boost the tourism industry of Pakistan, which has the potential to earn more than 10 billion dollars in revenue.

India started hydroelectricity generation even when the trend for this kind of power generation was diminishing. It took initiative and continued despite the objections to the construction of such projects. In the recent past, it has pumped in billions of dollars invested in the tourism industry. Unfortunately, Pakistan has remained oblivious to these benefits and the potential of its own people and mountain ranges.

Ali Sadpara

On 28 July Sajid Sadpara, laid his father Ali Sadpara, the national hero and “snow leopard” of Pakistan, to rest along with the other honored mountaineers, John Snorri and Juan Pablo Mohr, who were accompanying Ali Sadpara in his daring ascent.

Without oxygen, attempting to summit K2 is not a task for the faint-hearted. The trio climbing the K2 knew the consequences of the ferocity possessed by the mountain nicknamed the “Savage Mountain “. Ali Sadpara was a daring mountaineer who had a lavish amount of experience in high-altitude mountain trekking . Early in his brooding career, people from abroad would come to climb the peaks in Pakistan, and Ali Sadpara would assist them as a porter with zest, fulfilling his aim of being a legendary mountaineer one day.

Due to his resilience and cheerful temperament, he was someone you’d always want on your team. With inadequate equipment, nonetheless, he would climb the high mountains with them as good company. It was his natural passion to climb, so even with inadequate mountaineering gadgetry, he would ascend the highest and hostile mountains. He serves as a prime example of selflessness, courage, and unwavering determination.

In the year 2019 alone, he had successfully climbed three mountains each with an elevation of more than 8,000 meters. In total, he has climbed 8 out of the top 14 peaks in the world. He was also hoping to climb Mount Everest in the winter of the year 2022. No matter how much praise and tributes we honor him with, there will not be enough words to glorify his triumphs.

The current condition of the tourism industry of Pakistan has not only led to the neglect of the full potential of the state’s mountain ranges but also of the talent that could achieve something great, if nurtured properly.

Recommendations

Ali Sadpara and all other Pakistani mountaineers who have climbed mountains with various expeditions serve as examples of the tremendous potential for mountaineering in the northern areas of Pakistan. Pakistan was able to generate 40 million PKR (250,000 USD) profit from only permit fees for climbing the various challenging mountains in the year 2019. It is a peanut rather than a crumb when compared with the other countries with such mountainous sites.

It could be a huge source of earnings for Pakistan if the government focuses on developing more opportunities for mountaineers in the state. The government should chalk out a consummate blueprint for the development of this area by inviting foreign investment as well. The locals should be backed by easy loans to start small or medium enterprises, with full support and guidance from the government.

Infrastructure Development and Security Precautions

Hotels, motels, tuck/souvenir shops, and restaurants should be built in various parts of the northern areas. This will not only produce revenue but it will attract the tourist business from all over the world. Various adventure clubs should be opened for mountaineers not only for those who come from abroad but also from within Pakistan. Setting up of clubs by professionals will certainly enhance mountaineering sports in Pakistan.

One point which needs more emphasis is that these clubs/organizations should have the capabilities to host and manage the whole package with a complete flawless safety cover, especially for the porters who assist and accompany mountaineers from abroad in climbing and help build up the confidence of the visitors to come again for adventures with new mountaineering players.

In 1954, an Italian K2 expedition team played with the life of a Pakistani porter. Amir Mehdi (the porter) was left for the night on K2 without a tent, enduring temperatures below -50°C. Fortunately, he survived the night and descended the following morning. He had frostbites and all ten of his toes had to be amputated. So keeping in view this incident, the government must make sure a comprehensive policy for security and insurance which include all the facilities required for mountaineers.

Adequate Gear

For athletes, there should be all sorts of gear available to be purchased or even rented. Most importantly, the trekking ropes on some of the challenging mountains such as K2 should be maintained and also renewed within due time, so fatal accidents do not occur due to technical errors.

According to Elia Saikaly —the accompanying filmmaker of Ali Sadpara and his team’s ascent to the K2 in winter—at K2, there are several old ropes that are not functional. Due to them also being present, it is difficult for climbers to distinguish between the new functioning ropes and the old non-functioning ones.

Mountain climbers have to attach their carabiner hook to the rope during ascent and descent. With old ropes acting as dummy supports, if a climber, out of confusion, attaches his hook to them, he could plummet to his death. The government must make sure that all safety precautions are provided to the climbers and there are no loose ends left unattended from the services provided.

Environmental Protection

Another very important factor is the cleanliness and environmental issues. Where ever there are people, there is bound to be trash. It is vital that people who visit these natural sanctuaries are advised to not litter. The government should enforce these laws through fines but also make sure that trash cans are available.

Apart from giving the people the responsibility to clean up after themselves, the government should also deploy cleaners to make sure there are no plastic bags, tin foils, and other domestic waste flying and rolling around.

The government should focus on advertising the opportunities the northern areas of Pakistan have to offer to the world. Like other countries, Pakistan should also roll out commercials to different international media outlets, highlighting the significance and the beauty of Pakistan’s northern areas . It should get in touch with travel agencies all over the globe and offer them good packages on easy terms, so the masses can flow into Pakistan from all over the world.

This will greatly boost the activity in business sectors like the traveling, hoteling, and recreational sectors. This is how the other countries with mountainous attractions are earning billions of dollars through their tourism industry.

Pakistan needs to epitomize and cherish its heroes like Ali Sadpara. It can construct mountaineering training schools and academies and give awards, etc., dedicated to them for the motivation of Pakistan’s local youth who have tremendous potential to excel in sports.

Pakistan has all the right tools to leading in mountain games and be a prosperous nation. The magnificent northern areas of Pakistan are just one part of it. It has all the resources required, and most importantly it has people like the legendary Ali Sadpara and other unsung heroes, who were never afraid of the challenges and difficulties and gave their 101% for a cause they believed in for their nation. To fully utilize the true potential of its mountain ranges, only a bit of attention from the government is required. Once given, in due course, it will all bear its fruits for generations to come.

If you want to submit your articles and/or research papers, please check the Submissions page.

The views and opinions expressed in this article/paper are the author’s own and do not necessarily reflect the editorial position of Paradigm Shift .

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Travel to north now

Explore Northern areas of pakistan

Northern areas of Pakistan in Pictures: A Visual Journey

Immerse yourself in the enchanting landscapes of the Northern Areas Of Pakistan with our captivating Gallery. Explore the wonders of Pakistan Tourism through stunning visuals and find inspiration for your next adventure at TravelToNorthNow .

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Explore the wonders of Northern Areas Of Pakistan and dive into the world of Pakistan Tourism with us. Join our community of travel enthusiasts and explore the breathtaking beauty of this captivating region. Let’s embark on unforgettable journeys together at TravelToNorthNow .

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Embark on a visual journey through the awe-inspiring landscapes and diverse experiences of the Northern Areas of Pakistan with our video collection. Explore the wonders of Pakistan tourism through captivating videos that transport you to this breathtaking region.

Northern Areas Of Pakistan.Travel to north now

Frequently Asked Questions

Explore iconic spots like Hunza Valley, Skardu, and Fairy Meadows. Travel to north now

Summer (May to September) for pleasant weather, or winter (December to February) for snow sports. Travel to north now

Yes, the region is generally safe for tourists, but it’s essential to stay updated on travel advisories. Travel to north now

Accessible by road or air, with options from Islamabad, Lahore, and Karachi. Travel to north now

Savor local dishes like Balti, Chapshuro, and Dumplings, along with international cuisine. Travel to north now

Pack warm clothing, including jackets, hats, and gloves, even in summer. Don’t forget hiking boots, sunscreen, and insect repellent. Travel to north now

Road conditions vary. While some major highways are well-maintained, others, especially in remote areas, may be rough and narrow. It’s advisable to check road conditions before traveling. Travel to north now

Northern Pakistan offers excellent opportunities for trekking, mountaineering, camping, rafting, and paragliding. You can also enjoy wildlife safaris and explore ancient forts and historical sites. Travel to north now

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Prof. Saleem H. Ali (University of Delaware) was invited to do a TED talk on the idea of a "Minerals Trust for the Green Transition" at the "Big Bets Salon" sponsored by the Rockefeller Foundation. The live presentation was held at the TED World Theater at their headquarters in New York and the video already has over 350,000 views online.

AIPS Members Elena Bashir and John Mock recently contributed to the book Languages of Northern Pakistan: Essays in Memory of Carla Radloff. The book is a collection of writing that covers research on the many languages and cultures in the northern areas of Pakistan and is dedicated to the memory of Carla Radloff, who was a well-known contributor to the study of languages in Northern Pakistan. The book is now available as an E-Book through Oxford University Press.

Sadaf Sajjad received a Teaching Excellence Award: The Piper Professor Nominee Award. Dr. Sadaf Sajjad, a Provost Fellow in Psychology, was granted this statewide award that recognizes outstanding full-time faculty in the teaching profession. Higher education institutions must be invited to submit a nominee and only ten professors are selected to receive this award each year. Congratulations!

Hasan Hameed, a participant in the most recent AIPS Emerging Scholars Symposium in 2022, recently published an article in Modern Intellectual History titled 'Arguing Pakistan in Late Colonial India.' The article explores the ideas of Shabbir Ahmad Usmani and argues that Usmani viewed Pakistan as a particular kind of Islamic democracy.

Dr. Kamran Asdar Ali, Co-Editor-in-Chief of Critical Pakistan Studies, was recently featured in a video where he presented his aspirations for Critical Pakistan Studies to be a high-standard, first-rate, and top-tier interdisciplinary source of information on Pakistan. Critical Pakistan Studies is a new open-access journal published with the support of Cambridge University Press that tackles broader interdisciplinary issues in addition to Pakistan and Pakistanis.

Pakistan lies between 23 degrees 35 minutes to 37 degrees 05 minutes North latitude and 60 degrees 50 minutes to 77 degrees 50 minutes east longitude. It touches the Hindukush Mountains in the north and extends from the Pamirs to the Arabian Sea. The country has a total area of 796,095 sq km and is nearly four times the size of the United Kingdom. From Gwadar Bay in its south-eastern corner, the country extends more than 1,800 km to the Khunjerab Pass on China' border. It consists of such physical regions as a) the western offshoots of Himalayas which cover its northern and north western parts of which the highest peak K-2 rises to 8611 meters above sea level; b) the Balochistan plateau c) The Potohar Plateau and salt range and d) The Indus plain, the most fertile and densely populated area of the country. It gets its sustenance from the Indus River and its tributaries.

Climatically, Pakistan enjoys a considerable measure of variety. North and north western high mountainous ranges are extremely cold in winter while the summer months of April to September are very pleasant. The plains of the Indus valley are extremely hot in summer with a cold and dry weather in winter. The coastal strip in the South has a moderate climate. There is a general deficiency of rainfall. In the plains annual average ranges from 16 centimeters in the northern parts of lower Indus plain to 120 centimeters in the Himalayan region. Rains are monsoonal in origin and fall late in summers. Due to the rainfall and high diurnal range of temperature, humidity is comparatively low. Only the coastal strip has high humidity.

Urdu is the national language and is used as a medium of understanding throughout the country. Aside from this, Pakistan is culturally divided into four linguistic provinces. Punjabi is spoken in the Punjab, Sindhi in Sindh, Pashto in NWFP, and Balochi in Balochistan.


Map	State	Language
	Balochistan	Balochi
	Federally Administered Tribal Areas	Pashto
	Khyber Pakhtunkhwa	Pashto
	Punjab	Punjabi
	Sindh	Sindhi

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Travel Guide to Northern Areas of Pakistan

Exploring the untamed beauty: a travel guide to the northern areas of pakistan.

Welcome to Pakistan’s magnificent north, a region filled with majestic mountains, sparkling lakes, verdant valleys, and kind residents. The northern part of Pakistan, which is tucked away in the Himalayas, is a haven for nature lovers, thrill seekers, and those looking for an exceptional travel experience. Let’s take a virtual trip to explore the beauties of Pakistan’s northern regions, from the snow-capped peaks of K2 to the tranquil serenity of the Hunza Valley.

Islamabad: Gateway to Adventure

Islamabad , Pakistan’s capital city, makes for the ideal starting place for your tour. Before proceeding to the northern regions, spend some time viewing the city’s sights, including the Pakistan Monument, Daman-e-Koh, and the Faisal Mosque. Stock up on necessities and get ready for a thrilling excursion.

Fairy Meadows: A Gateway to Heaven

Fairy Meadows , a location right out of a fairytale, is where you first arrive. Located at the foot of Nanga Parbat, the ninth-highest mountain in the world, Fairy Meadows is a lush green meadow encircled by steep mountains. Trek to Nanga Parbat Base Camp to see the magnificent sunrise and take in the unspoiled splendor of this uninhabited sanctuary.

Hunza Valley: A Gem in the Himalayas

Your next stop is the fabled Hunza Valley , sometimes known as Heaven on Earth. Get ready to be mesmerized by Rakaposhi stunning views and Attabad Lake’s alluring blue waters. Discover the historic Baltit and Altit Forts, savor the regional food, and take in the welcoming Hunza culture.

Skardu: Gateway to the Giants

As you continue north, you will come to Skardu , which serves as a gateway to some of the highest mountains in the world, including K2 and Broad Peak. Take an exciting jeep safari to the Shigar and Khaplu Valleys, where you’ll be rewarded with breathtaking scenery and a look at the vibrant culture of the area. Visit the magnificent Shangrila Resort and the storied Kharpocho Fort without fail.

Gilgit: Where Cultures Converge

Continue on your journey to Gilgit, the northern region’s cultural center. This thriving city is well-known for its colorful bazaars, prehistoric rock carvings, and the Gilgit River that runs through it. Investigate the surrounding Naltar Valley, well-known for its vibrant lakes and skiing chances, and get to know the fascinating fusion of cultures that exist here.

Khunjerab Pass: Roof of the World

Without visiting Khunjerab Pass, which is situated on the Pakistan-China border, no travel to the northern regions would be complete. This is one of the world’s highest border crossings, rising above 4,500 meters. Witness the meeting of the two major nations, be in awe of the breathtaking Karakoram Range, and make memories that will last a lifetime.

Conclusion:

We sincerely hope that your virtual tour of Pakistan’s northern regions has sparked a desire in you to discover this undiscovered region of the continent. Your soul will be forever changed by the area’s stunning natural surroundings, diverse cultural heritage, and kind inhabitants. Every nook of this area lures visitors looking for adventure, calm, and a profound connection with nature, from the charming meadows to the majestic peaks. Learn about the charm of northern Pakistan and allow it to leave a lasting imprint on your heart. Travel safely.

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Embassy of Pakistan, Moscow

Northern areas.

The Northern Areas are the most spectacular and fascinating region of Pakistan. The three world’s famous mountain ranges meet here — the Himalayas, the Karakorams and the Hindukush.

The historic Karakoram Pass (5,575 meters), an ancient trading route between the Northern Pakistan and Xinjiang, China, gives its name to the range, which forms the watershed between the Indus and the Central Asian deserts.

BALTISTAN SKARDU

Skardu is the capital of Baltistan. The Balti people are a mixture of Tibetan and Caucasian stock and speak Balti, an ancient form of Tibetan. Due to the similarity of its culture, lifestyle and architecture with Tibet, Baltistan is also known as the «Tibet-e-Khurd» (Little Tibet).

The tourist season in Baltistan lasts from April to October. The maximum temperature here is 27 °C and minimum — in October -8 °C.

The five valleys of Baltistan — Shigar, Skardu, Khaplu, Rondu and Kharmang — are famous for their luscious peaches, apricots, apples, and pears.

What to see?

Kharpocho Fort — is an ancient Fort in Skardu. It was constructed by Ali Sher Khan Anchan, who ruled over Baltistan till the end of the 16th century.

Buddha Rock Carvings date back to the 8th century AD. It is a huge Buddha figure surrounded by small Buddhisatvas located three km from Skardu.

Mountain lakes — Upper Kachura, Lower Kachura and Sadpara Lake — are very famous for fishing and boating.

Shigar Valley is the gateway to the great mountain peaks of the Karakorams, Gasherbrum and K-2 .

Khaplu Valley is a beautiful valley of the Shyok River 103 km east of Skardu. Khaplu is the starting point for most of the trekking and climbing expeditions. Many famous mountains such as Masherbrum, Saltoro, SiaKangri, K-6 , and K-7 are located here.

Chaqchan Mosque is one of the earliest mosques in Baltistan (1504 AD), attributed to Syed Ali Hamdani. There is a Palace of Raja of Khaplu and remains of Thorsikhar Fort.

Situated at an elevation of 1,454 metres along the banks of Gilgit River, a quaint little town of Gilgit has spectacular scenic beauty. For centuries, it had been the capital of various dynasties. Its history goes well beyond the 6th century AD.

Gilgit Bridge is a bridge over the fast-flowing Gilgit River. This is one of the largest suspension bridges in South Asia (182 metres long and 2 metres wide) allowing enough space for one jeep at a time to cross.

A beautiful standing Buddha figure (locally known as «Yashini») is carved on a rock near KargahNullah), 10 km from Gilgit town. It dates back to the 7th century AD.

Remains of a Buddhist monastery and stupas of the 6th century AD were discovered in 1938 and 1956 near Nurpur. There are also ancient rock carvings of animals near the Karakorum University and inscriptions near Danyore.

Built in 1962, Independence Monument is a tribute to the heroes of the liberation movement of 1947–48. A victory monument of Taj Mughal, built 700 years ago, as a reminder of Taj-ud-Din Mughal, a ruler who came to Gilgit Baltistan during the 13th century, AD, is 30 km jeep drive from Gilgit town.

Sher Qila (Lion’s Fort), situated 38 km west of Gilgit, was once the capital of the ancient Kingdom of Punial. It has a polo ground, an old carved wooden mosque and a 150-year-old watchtower, crowned with a pair of Ibex horns.

Gahkuch Headquarters of Ghizer District is an ideal place for trekking, fishing and duck shooting.

Yasin, the main town of the Yasin Valley, 112 km west of Gilgit, is located at the altitude of 2,750 m above sea level. People of Yasin speak Brushisky and Khowar languages. Until the 20th century, Yasin was an important kingdom controlling the shortest and easiest route between the Oxus and the Indus rivers.

The visitors to Hunza are overwhelmed by the rugged charm, the fragrant breeze singing through graceful Poplar trees and the velvet-like green carpet of wheat fields, set against the background of snow-covered , mountains.

The majority of the Hunza people are Ismaili Muslims, followers of His Highness the Aga Khan. The local language is Brushiski, however, Urdu and English are also understood by most of the people.

The former capital of Hunza offers an awe-inspiring panorama of high peaks including Rakaposhi, Spantik, Diran, and Ultar.

The fairy-tale castle of Baltit, above Karimabad, is a Hunza landmark built about 600 years ago. Originally, it was used as the residence of the Mirs (the title of the former rulers) of Hunza.

The Altit Fort is an 800-year-old fort situated in the village of Altit. The Fort was built on a sheer rock-cliff over the Hunza River.

CHITRAL VALLEY

Situated at an average altitude of 1.128 m, Chitral valley is favourite among mountaineers, trekkers, anglers, hunters and anthropologists. Chitral district has Afghanistan on its north, south, and west. A narrow strip of Afghan territory, (Wakhan) separates it from Tajikistan.

Chitral Town lies by the Chitral River at an elevation of 1.518 m. The Shahi Masjid (Royal Mosque), the Mehtar’s Fort and the Khowar houses of the Chitralis are worth seeing.

Garam Chashma (Hot Springs) valley offers scenic beauty, with orchards, fields and snow-clad peaks. The most interesting features, however, are its hot sulphur springs, famous for their healing effects. ‘Hammams’ (baths) have been constructed near the springs for the convenience of tourists.

Kalash Valley is one of the major attractions of Chitral — the home of the Kalash people or «Wearers of the Black Robes», a pagan tribe. Legends say that five soldiers of the legions of Alexander the Great settled in Chitral and are the progenitors of the Kalash.

The Kalash women wear black gown of coarse cloth in summer and hand-spun wool dyed in black in winter. Their picturesque headgear is made of woollen black material decked out with cowries’ shells, buttons and crowned with large coloured feathers.

The Kalash love music and dancing particularly on occasions of their religious festivals.

SWAT VALLEY

The lush green valley of Swat, with its rushing torrents, icy-cold lakes, fruit-laden orchards, and flower-decked slopes is ideal for holidaymakers.

It has a rich historical past, too. This is the land of enthralling beauty, where Alexander of Macedonia fought and won some of his major battles before crossing over to the delta of Indus River.

It was the home of the famous Gandhara School of Sculpture that was an expression of Greco-Roman form in the local Buddhist tradition.

Swat is was also the historical land, where the Muslim conquerors, Mahmud of Ghazni, Babur of Ferghana and Akbar fought their battles preparatory to the conquest of South Asia.

The Swat Museum located in Saidu Sharif contains one of the finest collections of Gandhara art in the world.

Mingora, the twin city of Saidu Sharif, has yielded magnificent pieces of Buddhist sculpture and the ruins of great stupas.

Marghazar, 16 km from Saidu Sharif, is famous for its «Sufed Mahal» — the white marble palace of the former Wali (Ruler) of Swat.

AZAD JAMMU & KASHMIR

Azad Jammu & Kashmir is a land of fascinating people, languages & culture. Its population is composed of different races claiming their descent from Semitic, Mongoloid, Aryans, Persians, Turks & Arabs, speaking different languages like Kashmiri, Pahari, Gojri, Punjabi, and Pushto.

Azad Jammu & Kashmir is famous for its snow-covered peaks, dense forests, winding rivers, and climate varying from arctic to tropical — all join together to make it an excellent tourist attraction.

Muzaffarabad, the capital of the Azad Jammu & Kashmir, is situated at the confluence of the Jhelum &Neelum Rivers. There are two forts, namely, Red & Black Fort, situated on the opposite sides of the river Neelum. Places of interest in and around Muzaffarabad are shrine Pir Chinnasi, located on the top of hills at an elevation of 2,900 metres from where one can get a great view of Muzaffarabad and rural areas around the hidden city.

Northern Pakistan

Welcome to Pakistan

Four incredible reasons to travel the northern areas of Pakistan

“Faeries, come take me out of this dull world, For I would ride with you upon the wind, Run on the top of the dishevelled tide, And dance upon the mountains like a flame.”

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Islamabad, as never seen before

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Northern Areas of Pakistan

Here we go with mesmerizing Northern areas of Pakistan tour packages. Although, Northern areas of Pakistan is the jewel in the best travel destinations of globe. Northern areas tour packages are famous in the world of traveling as it offers tremendous landscape of nature, rich culture and historical traditions, that one can fall in love with Pakistan. So let’s go and check out some of the best travel destinations in the Northern areas of Pakistan.

Pakistan is blessed with astonishing valleys, world highest peaks, dense forests, deep blue water lakes and much more. In 2017 and 2018, Pakistan listed as Best country to travel in world by British Backpacker society. In addition, Forbes listed Pakistan as Best Travel Destination 2019.

Some of best places for travelers to wander are:

Hunza Valley

Skardu valley, naran kaghan valley, neelum valley, fairy meadows.

Chitral Kalasha Valleys

Swat Valley

They valley with the marvelous landscape, culture and traditions, Hunza Valley, lies in the up northern Pakistan near to China. Hunza is famous all around the world for the history and hospitality of the people. All along the year, millions of local and foreign travelers visit this majestic beauty of nature. However this valley is known for the Old Silk route and the historical settlements. Moreover, This place is meant to be the only one from where tourist can experience the beauty of Five famous 7000+ meters peaks in surrounding. Some of the most famous ones are:

Golden (Spantik) peak
Ultar Sar 1
Ultar Sar 2

Except than this there is another famous peak right next to Ultar Sar 1 and 2, Lady Finger or Bublimating Peak. This peak has an elevation of 6,000 m and famous because of it’s shape like lady finger.

Best Season to visit Hunza Valley

Along with the peaks in surroundings, Hunza valley is famous for colorful seasons, specially Autumn and Blossom seasons. As it has different colors of valley with different times. In autumn, one can go mesmerized by watching landscape turning Golden. Furthermore, in Cherry Blossom travelers fall in love with hunza, when whole valley change itself in to white and pink color.

Moreover, Rich culture and traditions becomes another reason for the popularity of Hunza valley. As the valley offers the 1000 years old First Settlement of Silk Route, Ganesh Village. Till now tourists can wander in the historical streets of Silk route village. There is another famous places to see is Attabad Lake. A lake that was formed due to Huge landslide back in 2010. The colors of that water can take you to another world.

Best Places in Hunza

Some of best places that travelers should have in their list while traveling to Hunza Valley are:

Rakaposhi View point
Attabad Lake
Passu Cones and Glacier
Eagle Nest View point (Duiker Top)
Ganesh Village
Altit and Baltit Forts
Khunjerab Pass (Pak-China Border)

Up in the extreme Northern areas of Pakistan lies the astonishing Valley of Skardu. A huge valley to explore a lot of undiscovered sites. Skardu Valley is known to be Little Tibet in World, although if a traveler visit this piece of heaven, they can see the people of skardu looks similar to Tibetan. However the language of locals over here is also similar to Tibetan. This beautiful destination is well known amongst the hikers, mountaineers and climbers. As this valley offers world toughest hiking routes and World highest peaks. Some of most famous peaks and treks are:

Gasherbrum 1
Gasherbrum 2
Snow Lake (Lukpe Lawo)

Along with this there are some other famous peaks in the far northern Skardu Valley like Trango towers and Haldi Cones. Whereas, Trango towers are above 6000 meters and Haldi cones are more than 7000 meters.

Best Season to visit Skardu

Surrounded by the Eight Thousanders of world, Skardu Valley is famous for the different colors of season among travelers. Some of best times to visit the beautiful destination are Cherry Blossom, Spring and Golden (Autumn) Season. During the Spring, travelers can explore most of the valley because of pleasant weather. Furthermore, in fall time it changes in to Golden just like someone has put the golden shawl on it. Whereas in blossom, nature paints this valley into white and pink to catch the hearts of wanderers.

Moreover, the valley has similar culture like Tibetan. Skardu has some UNESCO world heritage sights to experience the rich culture. Along with this, travelers can wander on the heights of Deosai plateau. Deosai plains is second highest plateau in World and famous for the beautiful landscape and wildlife on the rood of the world. In addition, travelers can have a thriling ride in Safranga and katpana Cold Desert (World Highest Cold Desert). One can fall in love with the magnificent landscape of this Giant Skardu valley of Pakistan.

Best Places in Skardu

Some of best sights to wander in while traveling to Skardu are:

Shangrila (Lower Kachura) Lake
Upper Kachura Lake
Khaplu valley and Palace
Chanqchan Mosque
Shigar Valley and fort
Deosai Plateau
Basha Valley
Katpana Cold Desert and Lake
Safranga Cold Desert
Soge Valley
Mantokha Waterfall

In the Himalayan mountain range of Pakistan lies the mesmerizing Naran Kaghan Valley of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. The valley is known to be the best travel destination in Northern Areas of Pakistan surrounded by dark Alpine forest. Millions of travelers visit this beautiful sight all along the year to have best time. This place is famous for its fairy tale stories lakes, moreover sightseeing destinations with all modern facilities and hotels. Although this valley has some of best hiking trails and Jeep tracks. These thrilling jeep rides and hiking trails leads tourists to some of beautiful lakes and passes.

Best Season to Visit Naran Kaghan Valley

Naran Valley is open only for 8 months from April to November throughout the year. However, In other four months, This majestic valley is closed for everyone because of heavy snowfall. Moreover, Weather condition in Naran remains cold all along the year. But the best time to travel this site is Summer. In Summers, tourists can easily travel to any part of Naran Valley.

Best Places to Visit in Naran Valley

Some of best travel sights that one can visit and fall in love with Naran Kaghan valley are:

Lake Saif Ul Malook
Lulusar Lake
Babusar Top (4,173 m)
Noori Top and Lake (3,959 m)
Dudipatsar lake
Lalazar Plateau

Situated near the border of India, Neelum Valley in Azad kashmir region of Pakistan. However, this place is famous for it beautiful dense forests, waterfalls, crystal clear lakes, valleys and much more amongst the tourists. The river coming from India to Pakistan with the name Neelum, gives the valley a Name of Neelum. This valley has some of the best and adventurous Jeep rides of Pakistan to enjoy with a lot more to explore. Mostly the local tourists from Pakistan visit this astonishing beauty of Azad kashmir.

Best Season to Visit Neelum Valley

Although road to Neelum valley remains open all along the year, because of border with India. Best time time to visit this heavenly beautiful valley are winter and spring season. In winters, a lot of tourists comes to enjoy the beautiful snowfall in the mountains of Kashmir. However in winters, travelers can hike to beautiful lakes of Neelum valley. Weather remains pleasant all the year.

Best Places to visit in Neelum Valley

Some of best places to see while visiting Neelum valley of Azad Kashmir Pakistan are:

Kutton Waterfall
Sharda Valley
Sharda Peeth
Ratti Gali Lake
Chitta Katha Lake

Another most famous travel destination in Pakistan is Fairy Meadows around the foreign travelers. Fairy Meadows lies in Gilgit Baltistan of Pakistan under the Shadows of mighty Nanga Parbat peak (8,126 m), Second Highest mountain in Pakistan. Nanga Parbat is most famous amongst the climbers and mountaineers around the world specially Germans and Polish. The peak is commonly known with the title “The Killer Mountain”. Fairy meadows is the first camp of Nanga parbat with the mesmerizing view of peak and surroundings dark alpine forest.

Best Season to Visit Fairy meadows

Summer is the best time to travel towards astonishing Fairy meadows. As in summers one can have different and breathtaking views of destinations and the peak. However in winters, everything is closed in Fairy meadows due to massive snowfall. During summer one can see the beautiful meadows and lake surrounded by the village. Moreover, one can trek towards Biyal Camp to have some more beautiful views. Biyal camp supposed to be the first Base Camp of Nanga Parbat.

Chitral Kalasha Valley

Chitral Valley lies in the Far northern areas of Pakistan near Wakhan Corrider. Known for rich culture, traditions and festivals and much more, Chitral Kalasha Valley is one of the best travel sight in Pakistan because of unique culture and religion. The valley been visited by millions of travelers throughout the year, specially at the time of festivals. A huge number of tourists from all around the world come to enjoy the festival of Kalash people. Moreover, surrounded by Hindukush mountain range, Chitral valley has a lot of beautiful sites and much more to explore.

Best Season to Visit Chitral Valley

Although Chitral valley remains open throughout the year, but some of the best seasons to travel there is Spring and fall. In Autumn season, whole valley covers it self with the beautiful golden color, giving a strong impact on travelers to love it. However in spring time, one can explore most of the area because of pleasant weather. Moreover, in spring there are some most festivals by Kalash people to explore there culture, specially the Chillum Joshi festival. Chillum Joshi festival comes with the start of Spring season, also named as Spring Festival.

Best Places to Visit in Chitral Valley

There are a lot of places that should be visited while traveling towards Chitral Valley. Some of most famous ones are:

Ayun Valley
Shahi Qilla
Bamburat Valley
Chitral National Park
Shandur Top
Shandur Lake
Kalash Valley

High in mountains of Northern areas of Pakistan, lies the beautiful Swat valley. A valley that was once named as Switzerland of Pakistan by the Queen Elizabeth ||. The valley that presents the travelers with the rich culture, colorful traditions and astonishing landscape. Swat valley famous for the hospitality and history all around the globe. This place is full of mesmerizing attractions for the travelers to have an unforgettable experience of life. Moreover, Swat valley once was the capital of Buddhism religion. Every year a huge number of tourists travels to this destination from all over the world.

Best Season to Visit Swat Valley

The Swat Valley, Famous for dense forests, deep blue water lakes, lush green valleys and much more. As Swat valley remains open all year to receive the travelers to enjoy the serenity of nature. There are some best season that one should travel towards this places in Northern areas of Pakistan. Cherry Blossom and Autumn season, whereas winters are also the favorite season amongst travelers from Pakistan. However in Fall and in Blossom season, color of this beautiful valley changes to give an eye catching view of nature.

Best Places to visit in Swat Valley

Kalam Valley
Malam Jabba
Mahudand Lake
Saifullah Lake
Ushu Dense Forest

These were some of the most famous travel destinations in northern areas of Pakistan. Furthermore, there are a lot more of sights like valleys, lakes, meadows and much more to explore in the northern areas of Pakistan.

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Israel-Hamas War Day 319 | Report: IDF Attacks Deep Inside Lebanon After Dozens of Rockets Fired at Northern Israel

Netanyahu doubts deal, insists Israel's control of Gaza-Egypt border; Hamas criticizes U.S. proposal ■ IDF says over 100 rockets, drones fired from Lebanon; some intercepted, others fell in open areas ■ Biden: Working 'around the clock' for Gaza cease-fire, hostage deal ■ Cease-fire talks to be held in Cairo on Thursday and Friday, Egyptian FM says; Israeli source says date not yet set ■ Waiting period for Iranian retaliation 'could be long,' IRGC spokesperson says

RECAP: Netanyahu says Gaza cease-fire deal is uncertain; Revolutionary Guards spokesperson says wait for Iranian retaliation 'could be long'
Waiting period for Iran's retaliation against Israel 'could be long', Revolutionary Guards spokesperson says
IDF says it killed approximately 40 terrorists in southern Gaza
Hamas says Biden surrendered to Israel's dictates, new proposal deviates from previous one group agreed to

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Bernie Sanders jabs AIPAC in strident DNC address: Billionaires should not be able to buy elections

Sen. Bernie Sanders called to "end this horrific war in Gaza, bring home the hostages and demand an immediate cease-fire" during his remarks at the Democratic National Convention on Tuesday.

The Jewish Vermont senator has repeatedly described Israel's actions in Gaza as ethnic cleansing while calling Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu a war criminal, saying "not another nickel of U.S. taxpayer support" should back Israel's war in Gaza.

Sanders additionally attacked the American Israel Public Affairs Committee, though without mentioning AIPAC by name, for its significant and unprecedented spending in Democratic primaries targeting progressive lawmakers.

"At the top of the to-do list is the need to get big money out of our political process. Billionaires in both parties should not be able to buy elections, including primary elections," Sanders said. "For the sake of our democracy we must overturn the disastrous Citizens United Supreme Court decision and move toward public funding of elections," he added.

Schumer invokes 'rising antisemitism' in DNC broadside against Donald Trump

Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer, the highest ranking Jewish elected official in American history, directly invoked his religion and rising antisemitism in his desire to defeat Donald Trump.

"I want my grandkids — and all grandkids — to never face discrimination because of who they are. But Donald Trump — this is a guy who peddles antisemitic stereotypes," he said. "He even invited a white supremacist to Mar-a-Lago."

Schumer noted Trump's "prejudice goes in all directions. He fuels Islamophobia and issued a Muslim ban as president," highlighting how he was wearing a blue square as a symbol to "stand up against antisemitism and all hate."

Clashes, arrests reported during pro-Palestine rally outside Israeli consulate in Chicago

Hundreds of pro-Palestinian demonstrators and pro-Israel counter-protesters are currently being separated by riot police outside the Israeli consulate in Chicago. Police are believed to have already made several arrests.

Sirens sound in northern Israel

Qatar committed to mediating Gaza ceasefire talks, foreign minister tells Blinken

Qatar Foreign Minister Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman Al Thani affirmed to U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken that his country is committed to its role as a mediator in the Gaza ceasefire talks, along with Egypt and the United States, the Qatari foreign ministry said on Wednesday.

Qatar will continue efforts and communication to end the war, the ministry said in a statement.

Rabbi Sharon Brous tells DNC: Israelis and Palestinians deserve to live in peace

Rabbi Sharon Brous , one of the most prominent liberal rabbis in America, implored that both Israelis and Palestinians deserve to live in peace during an invocation prayer opening the Democratic National Convention's second night .

"My faith is sustained by a redemption story. A people beleaguered and bereft, traversing the desert on a journey from degradation to dignity, from darkness to life. Holy One, help us right America's redemption story, a story of ceaseless striving toward a true multiracial democracy rooted in equal justice, where every person is treated as unique, mighty and worthy of love," she said.

"In this story, politics is not a vehicle for repression, bigotry or personal profit, but a call to service. This story counters extremism with capaciousness and compassion," she continued. "It rejects the inevitability of war, affirming that every one of us, Muslim and Jew Christian, black, white, Latino, AAPI, queer and straight, Israeli and Palestinian, deserves to live in dignity and in peace."

Brous added "some say that this story is impossible, but we know that the God of redemption specializes in the impossible, and so must. May we be guided by hope, joy and a fierce moral imagination."

Reports: Israeli military attacks deep inside Lebanese territory

The Lebanese newspaper Al-Mayadeen, which is affiliated with Hezbollah, reported late Tuesday that the Israeli military has attacked near the city of Baalbek and in the Beqaa Valley, some 100 kilometers north of the border with Israel.

Blinken discusses Gaza cease-fire, hostage deal with British counterpart

U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken spoke Tuesday and British Foreign Secretary David Lammy discussed "the importance of completing the ceasefire and hostage release deal in Gaza, bringing the hostages home, and increasing the flow of humanitarian assistance," according to the State Department. They also discussed the need to deescalate tensions in the region.

Netanyahu urged to 'move quickly' on Gaza cease-fire in talks with British counterpart Starmer

British Prime Minister Keir Starmer emphasized the need to "move quickly" to secure a ceasefire and release hostages in Gaza during talks with his Israeli counterpart Benjamin Netanyahu on Tuesday.

Starmer welcomed Israel's support for the U.S.-backed proposal for a cease-fire, while both leaders agreed that "regional de-escalation was in everyone's interests," according to his office at 10 Downing Street.

Starmer also expressed his "sincere" condolences to the Israeli people and the loved ones of the six hostages recovered in Gaza on Tuesday, including 51-year-old British-Israeli Nadav Popplewell .

A Downing Street spokeswoman said of the call: "The prime minister started by expressing his sincere condolences to the Israeli people and the loved ones of the six hostages recovered in Gaza this morning, including British national Nadav Popplewell.

"The leaders discussed diplomatic efforts to secure a ceasefire and the release of hostages, and the prime minister welcomed Israel's support for the American 'bridging proposal' and emphasized the need to move quickly.

"Regional de-escalation was in everyone's interests, as the impact of miscalculation would come at great costs for all sides, the leaders agreed. The UK was steadfast in its support for Israel's right to self-defense and would continue to work with partners to uphold regional security, the prime minister added.

"The prime minister also urged Prime Minister Netanyahu to ensure greater access to detainees held by Israel, the increased delivery of aid to Gaza and to ensure international law was upheld at all times. The leaders agreed to stay in close touch."

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Sources Say Latest Deal Proposal Excludes Permanent Israeli Presence on Egypt-Gaza Border

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COMMENTS

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Gilgit-Baltistan (/ ˌ ɡ ɪ l ɡ ɪ t ˌ b ɔː l t ɪ ˈ s t ɑː n,-s t æ n /; Urdu: گِلْگِت بَلْتِسْتان [12] listen ⓘ) [a], formerly known as the Northern Areas, [13] is a region administered by Pakistan as an administrative territory and consists of the northern portion of the larger Kashmir region, which has been the subject of a dispute between India and Pakistan ...
Northern Areas of Pakistan: Nature's Haven in the Himalayas
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Fatima Mushtaq. The Northern Areas is an administrative region of Pakistan, with its capital in Gilgit. It is home to the Karakoram Range, which boasts more than sixty peaks with heights above 7,000 meters. Northern Pakistan, also known as Small Pakistan, is a specific tourism region located in the northern and northwestern parts of Pakistan.
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Northern Areas of Pakistan: Nature’s Haven in the Himalayas

Northern Areas of Pakistan

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