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| 1 July 2024

How to Become a Physical Therapist in 6 Steps

Ranked the seventh best healthcare career by U.S. News & World Report , physical therapy (PT) is rich in opportunity for people who want to help patients live better lives . 1 Physical therapists treat injuries, disabilities and other health conditions through personalized treatment plans that include exercise and hands-on rehabilitation. 2

How do you become a physical therapist? What are the steps to becoming a physical therapist?

A Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) is the entry-level degree for this position, so read on to discover the typical pathway for how to become a physical therapist. 2

Table of Contents:

• Earn a Bachelor’s Degree in a Related Field
• What Degree Do You Need to Be a Physical Therapist?
• Pass the National Physical Therapy Exam (NPTE)
• Obtain a License to Practice
• Complete a Residency (Optional)
• Earn Board Certification (Optional)
• Launch Your Physical Therapy Career With USAHS

Want to know more about our DPT Program?

1. earn a bachelor’s degree in a related field.

Typically, the first step for how to become a physical therapist is to earn a bachelor’s degree, which most DPT programs require for application. 2 Most DPT programs do not require a specific undergraduate degree as long as your coursework satisfies their admission requirements. At the University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences (USAHS), DPT admission course requirements include anatomy, chemistry and physics, which are common prerequisites for this program. 3 Some of the best undergraduate degrees for physical therapy include biology, kinesiology and exercise science.

2. What Degree Do You Need to Be a Physical Therapist?

Next on the list of steps to become a physical therapist, you’ll likely need to complete a DPT degree, which can take about three years. 2

What to Look for in a DPT Program

When looking at DPT programs to become a physical therapist, choose a program that fits your needs.

Ensure your DPT program is CAPTE-accredited . * You can only qualify for the required-for-licensure National Physical Therapy Exam (NPTE) with a degree from an accredited institution. 4

Explore DPT program total cost and financial aid opportunities. Ensure you understand the program’s tuition and fees so you can budget accordingly and apply for relevant scholarships to help offset these costs. Check out USAHS’ tuition information and scholarships page .

Investigate how long the program is. The length of the program determines when you can become a physical therapist and enter the workforce. The typical DPT program lasts about three years, but you may be able to find accelerated programs that allow you to graduate earlier. 2

Visit potential campuses. Ensure the campus is convenient and you feel comfortable there. USAHS offers five different campuses:

• Augustine, Florida

Focus on collaboration. At USAHS, our curriculum is designed to facilitate teamwork as you explore how to become a PT. We bring together occupational therapists (OTs), physical therapists (PTs) and speech-language pathologists (SLPs) to foster an integrated approach we term interprofessional education. Since so many physical therapists work as part of a larger healthcare team, this is an essential skill to learn. 5

Consider program pathways. USAHS offers for how to become a physical therapist to ensure there’s a degree pathway that works for everyone:

• Residential DPT: This is the traditional pathway, which features blended courses that include in-person sessions with online components and weekday on-campus labs. Pursue this pathway at all five USAHS campuses.
• Flex DPT: This pathway for how to become a PT involves online coursework and in-person labs on select weekends. Currently, this pathway is an option at the San Marcos, CA; St. Augustine, FL and Austin, TX campuses.
• Hybrid Immersion*** DPT:  This online and in-person pathway offers a flexible way to become a physical therapist while living almost anywhere in the U.S. It combines live, online coursework and, on average, two immersive, in-person labs per term. Currently, the hybrid immersion*** pathway is available at our San Marcos, CA and Miami, FL campuses.

Why choose USAHS? :

• Student-centered philosophy
• Hands-on learning opportunities and simulation labs
• Access to cutting-edge technology
• Opportunities to engage professionally through conferences and research

Applying to DPT School

Once you’ve picked a DPT program, the next step in how to become a physical therapist is to apply. Getting into physical therapy school is pretty straightforward once you know your program’s admission requirements.

• If required, take the GRE.
• Apply to the DPT program using the Physical Therapist Centralized Application Services (PTCAS). 6
• Submit any required documentation. At USAHS, we require :
• A current resume
• A statement of purpose
• Transcripts showing completion of prerequisite courses
• of 40 volunteer, observation or work hours in a physical therapy setting
• after acceptance into the program

DPT Curriculum

Once you’ve enrolled in the program, the DPT curriculum includes a range of coursework. At USAHS, our curriculum may include classes covering the following areas:

• Patient care
• Biomechanics
• Musculoskeletal
• Neuroscience
• Clinical reasoning

Clinical education, which involves supervised experience in a clinical setting in different areas of physical therapy , should also be part of your curriculum. 2

3. Pass the NPTE

Once you’ve received your NPTE scores, the next and typically final step in how to become a PT is to apply for state licensure. 7 However, requirements may vary by state. For instance, some states require a law exam and a background check to complete the process. 7 Contact your state board of physical therapy for more information about how to become a physical therapist in your state. 13

Remember that if you wish to work as a travel physical therapist or virtual physical therapist , you’ll need a license to practice wherever your patients live. 14

4. Obtain a License to Practice

Once you’ve received your NPTE scores, you’ll typically apply for your state’s license to practice. 6 However, additional requirements may vary by state. For instance, some states require a law exam and a background check to complete the process. 6 Contact your state board of physical therapy for more information about how to apply for a physical therapist license in your state.

Remember that if you wish to work as a travel physical therapist or virtual physical therapist , you’ll need a license to practice wherever your patients live. 12

5. Complete a Residency or Fellowship (Optional)

Once you have your license, you can practice or choose to take a few extra steps in the process of how to become a PT to deepen your knowledge. 2

You may pursue a clinical residency or fellowship after getting your license. These optional programs are designed to increase the quality of your patient care and deepen your knowledge of best practices. 15 Research also shows that fellow-trained physical therapists may achieve greater treatment effect sizes than therapists without residency or fellowship training. 16

A clinical residency is a post-professional learning experience centered on developing knowledge, skills and responsibilities of advanced physical therapy practice . 15 These typically last one year and help prepare a physical therapist for board certification. 7 The American Board of Physical Therapy Residency & Fellowship Education (ABPTRFE) currently offers residencies in the following areas 15 :

• Cardiovascular & Pulmonary
• Clinical Electrophysiology
• Orthopaedics
• Women’s Health
• Wound Management

A clinical fellowship is a post-professional learning experience, but the goal is to expand a physical therapist’s knowledge, skills and responsibilities in a specific subspecialty. 15 The candidate will need to have already completed a residency or specialty certification, or they must have board certification in the specialty area. 15

ABPTRFE currently offers fellowships in the following areas 15 :

• Critical Care
• Hand Therapy
• Neonatology
• Neurologic Movement Disorders
• Orthopaedic Manual Physical Therapy
• Performing Arts
• Sports Division 1
• Upper Extremity Athlete

The application and admissions process for residencies and fellowships vary based on individual state requirements , so if you wish to follow these steps to become a physical therapist, consult each program’s admission guidelines. 17 , 15

6. Earn Board Certification (Optional)

Another option in the process of becoming a physical therapist is getting board-certified through the American Board of Physical Therapy Specialties (ABPTS). 18 , 2 Earning your board certification involves passing an exam and completing the required hours of clinical work within your chosen specialization. 7

Employers prefer to hire board-certified physical therapists. 19 Many physical therapists who become board-certified may see a salary increase or non-financial rewards such as promotions or increased authority and responsibility, although this depends on the setting.

Currently, ABPTS offers board certification in the following areas: 20

Board certification applications are due no later than September 30. 21 You’ll also need to complete specialty-specific requirements. 22

Now that you know how to become a physical therapist, learn more about what it entails to be a physical therapist. Read through the questions and answers below.

What Do Physical Therapists Do?

A physical therapist is a healthcare professional who prescribes a treatment plan to improve a patient’s mobility and manage any discomfort or pain associated with movement. 23 They may ask patients to perform exercises or show them how to use adaptive equipment, such as a cane. 5

They work as part of a healthcare team that may include other physical therapists, surgeons, doctors, physician assistants and specialists.

Where Do Physical Therapists Work?

Physical therapists typically work in the following settings : 24

• Offices of physical, occupational and speech therapists and audiologists
• Home healthcare
• Nursing or residential care facilities

Some physical therapists are self-employed or may offer virtual physical therapy services, while others may work as travel physical therapists and work where needed.

Launch Your Physical Therapy Career with USAHS

USAHS has been a leader in physical therapy education since its founding in 1979 and is now the largest physical therapy school in the United States.**

Our student-first philosophy means you’ll experience an immersive education and graduate as a practice-ready professional. Hands-on simulation labs and state-of-the-art technology combined with our unrivaled faculty practitioners will prepare you to offer high-quality patient care now and in the future.

Learn more about our DPT degree program and apply today .

*The University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences is accredited by the WASC Senior College and University Commission (WSCUC), 1080 Marina Village Parkway, Suite 500, Alameda, CA 94501, (510) 748-9001, www.wscuc.org .

For programmatic accreditation, https://www.usa.edu/about/accreditation/ .

**Based on total DPT degrees conferred during 2020-2022, as reported by the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS). Data is captured by IPEDS through interrelated surveys conducted annually by the Department of Education’s National Center for Educational Statistics (NCES).

*** The University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences (USAHS) is seeking approval from the Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education (CAPTE) for an expansion of its Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) program at its San Marcos, CA, and Miami, FL, campuses with a Hybrid Immersion model. Approval of the expansion programs is required prior to implementation.

Applicants interested in the Hybrid Immersion DPT format should contact an enrollment advisor using the request for information form on our site .

• U.S. News & World Report, “Best Health Care Jobs,” U.S. News & World Report, 2024, https://money.usnews.com/careers/best-jobs/rankings/best-healthcare-jobs .
• American Physical Therapy Association, “Becoming a Physical Therapist,” APTA , 2024, https://www.apta.org/your-career/careers-in-physical-therapy/becoming-a-pt .
• American Physical Therapy Association, “DPT Admissions Process,” APTA , DPT 2024, https://www.apta.org/your-career/careers-in-physical-therapy/pt-admissions-process .
• Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy, “Eligibility Requirements,” FSBPT , 2023, https://www.fsbpt.org/Secondary-Pages/Exam-Candidates/National-Exam-NPTE/Eligibility-Requirements .
• U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Physical Therapists: What Physical Therapists Do,” BLS , April 17, 2024, https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/physical-therapists.htm#tab-2 .
• “Physical Therapist Centralized Application Service,” PTCAS , 2023, https://ptcas.liaisoncas.com/applicant-ux/#/login .
• U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Physical Therapists: How To Become a Physical Therapist,” BLS , April 17, 2024, https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/physical-therapists.htm#tab-4 .
• Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy, “Future Key dates and deadlines,” FSBPT , 2023, https://www.fsbpt.org/Secondary-Pages/Exam-Candidates/National-Exam-NPTE/Dates-and-Deadlines/Future-Test-Dates .
• Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy, “National Exam (NPTE®),” FSBPT , 2023, https://www.fsbpt.org/Secondary-Pages/Exam-Candidates/National-Exam-NPTE .
• Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy, “Exam Registration and Payment,” FSBPT , 2023, https://www.fsbpt.org/Our-Services/Candidate-Services/Exam-Registration-Payment .
• Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy, “Retake Exam,” FSBPT , 2023, https://www.fsbpt.org/Secondary-Pages/Exam-Candidates/National-Exam-NPTE/Retake-Exam .
• Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy, “NPTE Exam Year Reports,” FSBPT , 2023 https://www.fsbpt.org/Free-Resources/NPTE-Pass-Rate-Reports/NPTE-Exam-Year-Reports .
• Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy, “Licensing Authorities Contact Information,” FSBPT , 2023, ​​​​ https://www.fsbpt.org/Free-Resources/Licensing-Authorities-Contact-Information .
• American Physical Therapy Association, “About PT and PTA Licensure,” APTA , 2024, https://www.apta.org/your-practice/licensure/pt-and-pta-licensure
• American Board of Physical Therapy Residency & Fellowship Education, “For Physical Therapist Residency & Fellowship Participants or Prospective Participants,” ABPTRFE , 2024, https://abptrfe.apta.org/for-participants .
• Jason Rodeghero, Ying-Chih Wang, et al., “The Impact of Physical Therapy Residency or Fellowship Education on Clinical Outcomes for Patients With Musculoskeletal Conditions,” Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy , January 31, 2015, https://www.jospt.org/doi/10.2519/jospt.2015.5255 .
• American Board of Physical Therapy Residency & Fellowship Education, “Online Directory of Programs,” ABPTRFE , https://accreditation.abptrfe.org/#/directory .
• American Physical Therapy Association, “APTA Specialist Certification – Governed by ABPTS,” APTA , 2024, https://specialization.apta.org/?_ga=2.63550319.1175286054.1700158593-28393261.1699481062
• American Physical Therapy Association, “Employer View of Specialist Certification,” APTA , 2024, https://specialization.apta.org/for-specialists/marketing/employers.
• American Physical Therapy Association, “Become an ABPTS-Certified Specialist,” APTA , 2024, https://specialization.apta.org/become-a-specialist .
• American Physical Therapy Association, “From Application to Celebration: The Path to Your Specialist Credential,” APTA , 2024, https://specialization.apta.org/become-a-specialist/from-start-to-finish .
• American Physical Therapy Association, “Minimum Eligibility Requirements and General Information for All Physical Therapist Specialist Certification,” APTA , 2024, https://specialization.apta.org/become-a-specialist/minimum-requirements .
• Cleveland Clinic, “Physical Therapist,” Cleveland Clinic , March 7, 2024, https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/24625-physical-therapist .
• U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, “ Physical Therapists: Work Environment,” BLS , April 17, 2024, https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/physical-therapists.htm#tab-3 .

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DPT Admissions Process

Are you ready to apply to a doctor of physical therapy program to become a physical therapist ?

The Physical Therapist Centralized Application Service allows Doctor of Physical Therapy program applicants to use a single online application and one set of materials to apply to multiple education programs.

Most, but not all professional DPT programs, participate in PTCAS. Applicants who wish to apply to a nonparticipating PTCAS program must apply directly to the institution using the DPT program's local application. A list of participating programs and nonparticipating programs can be found on the PTCAS Program Directory .

Preparing for the Admissions Process

You should research DPT programs to determine the ones that best meet your needs. APTA does not rank DPT education programs. Programs are accredited by the Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education , which assures quality in physical therapist education.

Checking Prerequisites 

There is not a specific undergraduate major that is required to pursue a Doctor of Physical Therapy Degree. Some common undergraduate majors among doctor of physical therapy students include exercise science, biology, kinesiology, and psychology.

In selecting a college major, consider how you will you satisfactorily complete any prerequisite courses for your designated DPT programs in addition to the college/university's degree and major requirements. Work with your academic and/or pre-PT advisor to plan your course schedule.

Visit the PTCAS directory or the institutional website to determine what courses are required by each institution. DPT programs may require preprofessional (undergraduate) science courses to be completed in a four-year university/college within the seven to 10 years prior to enrollment. Be prepared to identify what classes you have taken (or will take) to fulfill the program's course requirements.

The most commonly required course prerequisites are:

• Anatomy / A&P 1 with lab
• Physiology / A&P 2 with lab
• Biology 1 (not botany or zoology)
• Biology 2 (not botany or zoology)
• General Chemistry 1 with lab
• General Chemistry 2 with lab
• General Physics 1 with lab
• General Physics 2 with lab

Note: Some DPT programs only accept anatomy and/or physiology courses completed in a biology, neuroscience, anatomy, or integrated physiology department. DPT programs may not accept a combined anatomy and physiology (A&P) course or those completed in other departments, such as kinesiology. Visit PTCAS directory to determine what type of anatomy and physiology courses are required for admission.

Other Requirements

Visit PTCAS directory for program-specific admission requirements. These might include:

• Minimum GPA. Most DPT programs have minimum grade point average requirements. These minimum scores vary by institution and may be low as compared with the average GPA of applicants offered admission.
• Graduate Record Examination. Most DPT programs require applicants to complete the GRE. Programs may have minimum acceptable scores and last acceptable test dates. Policies regarding the consideration of multiple sets of GRE scores vary by institution.
• Physical therapy volunteer experience. Many programs require applicants to have volunteer or paid experiences working with patients under the supervision of a licensed physical therapist. The program may specify the settings and types of experiences required. Applicants also may be required to have a licensed physical therapist verify the hours. This experience may be an important factor in the admissions process. Respectfully contact physical therapy clinics, hospitals, long-term care facilities, e.g., nursing homes, and other health care settings in your area to find observation opportunities. (APTA cannot assist you in these efforts.)
• Recommendation/Reference Letters. Many physical therapist programs require one to four letters of reference (also known as "letters of evaluation" or "recommendations") as part of the admissions process. You may need to submit references from a particular individual, such as a physical therapist, science professor, or academic advisor. If references are required, select individuals who meet the program's requirements, know you well, and can speak to your maturity, dependability, dedication, compassion, communication skills, leadership, and any hands-on experience in the field.
• Interview. PT programs may require competitive applicants to visit the campus for an interview or conduct a virtual interview. The interview format varies by institution. Applicants may be required to speak with a single faculty member, a student, a physical therapist, or a panel of interviewers, or participate in an orientation program. If invited, dress in professional business attire. Applicants should be prepared to discuss why they have chosen to pursue a career in physical therapy and how they perceive the role of physical therapists in health care. Those who have researched and gained direct exposure to the profession will be better prepared to respond to the interview questions. During the interview, applicants may be rated on their oral communication skills, professional behaviors and attitudes, ability to interact in a group, knowledge of the profession, ability to solve problems, and motivation to pursue a career in physical therapy. The applicants' written communication skills also may be measured with an on-site essay.
• State residency requirements. Some DPT programs give preference to in-state (resident) students. Out-of-state (nonresident) and foreign applicants may vie for a limited number of positions or may be ineligible for admission, depending on institutional and state policies. Private institutions may offer out-of-state and foreign applicants a greater number of positions within the program than state-supported, public institutions.
• Criminal background checks. DPT programs may ask applicants to disclose any previous felony or misdemeanor convictions as part of the application process. A criminal record will not necessarily prevent an applicant from enrolling in a DPT program; however, failure to disclose any past or pending charges may be grounds for dismissal. DPT programs may require criminal background checks and/or drug tests in order to verify an individual's suitability to participate in experiential education rotations, to confirm a student's eligibility for licensure, and to ensure patient safety. Contact your designated DPT programs directly for specific policies.
• Technical standards and essential functions. APTA doesn’t have any policies or positions regarding the essential skills or technical standards necessary to practice or function as a physical therapist. However, individual DPT programs generally do have these types of policies. A program's technical standards and/or essential skills document may describe the physical, behavioral, and/or cognitive abilities needed to complete the physical therapist curriculum at that particular institution and to competently perform as a physical therapist upon graduation. Contact your designated DPT programs directly regarding program-specific policies.

PTA Before PT

One common question is: "Should I become a physical therapist assistant before becoming a physical therapist?"

PTA programs are not considered to be a steppingstone to a PT education or career. The PTA curriculum differs from that of the physical therapist and does not provide the needed prerequisites required for physical therapist education. Fewer than 2% of enrolled DPT students were previously PTAs.

The Future PT’s Guide to Becoming a Physical Therapist

Whether looking at potential career paths or a career change, becoming a physical therapist can be deeply rewarding.

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Becoming a physical therapist requires a passion for—and quite a bit of schooling in—subjects like anatomy, biology, kinesiology, biomechanics, neuroscience, and exercise physiology (as well as a love of working with people). Though the cost of PT education continues to rise, the rewards of helping people improve function, mobility, and overall well-being are vast. If you’ve got questions about this career path, then we’ve got answers. Read this future physical therapist guide to learn everything you need to know about becoming a physical therapist.

What do physical therapists do?

A physical therapist is an expert in treating patients with neuromusculoskeletal conditions—anything from low back pain and joint injuries to post-stroke symptoms and cerebral palsy. As a physical therapist, you could work with patients of any age to help them:

• Recover from an injury or surgery;
• Improve strength, flexibility, and balance; 
• Learn and grow through developmental milestones; and/or
• Maintain mobility and function as they age.

To accomplish this for a patient, you would:

• Establish good rapport.
• Review the patient’s medical history.
• Perform an initial evaluation to assess the issue or condition and determine if PT would be appropriate.
• If PT is appropriate, create a plan of care detailing the evidence-based treatment type (e.g., exercises, stretches, hands-on therapy, equipment use, and/or a home exercise program), frequency, and duration necessary to help the patient achieve his or her therapeutic goals.
• Follow the treatment protocol detailed in your plan of care (POC) while adhering to all insurance and state rules and regulations.
• Teach the patient —and family members, if appropriate—how to safely perform daily activities and improve their progress with an at-home exercise program.
• Monitor the patient’s progress using outcome measurement tools, adjusting the POC as necessary until the patient reaches his or her goal.

Where do physical therapists work?

Physical therapists may see patients in private clinics, patient homes, hospitals, nursing facilities, schools, or sports arenas. They can work one-on-one with patients or serve as members of a larger care team. Some physical therapists oversee physical therapist assistants or physical therapist technicians (techs) . Physical therapists may work for one clinic in one location—or they may travel to different clinics around the country (travel PTs) or different clinics in a particular region (registry PTs). To learn more about travel PT, check out our travel PT checklist —or you could learn more about registry PT and per diem opportunities .

Physical therapists may also work in non-clinical roles (e.g., as executives in healthcare companies , researchers, directors, teachers, writers, or consultants).

Want to own a physical therapy private practice one day?

Download the PT’s guide to starting a private practice , and you’ll learn everything you need to know about starting a successful clinic—including picking a location with the right amount of curb appeal and crossing your legal t’s and dotting your credentialing i’s.

How do physical therapists find patients?

Traditionally, physical therapists have largely relied on physician referrals to keep their treatment schedules full. In other words, physicians determine which patients are good candidates for physical therapy—and send those patients to a specific physical therapist.

Today, however, some form of direct access exists in all 50 states, making it possible for most therapists to—at the very least—perform an initial evaluation without needing a physician referral first. Thus, many providers are expanding their marketing initiatives to reach patients directly . Given that patients are now responsible for a greater portion of their healthcare costs, many are conducting their own research—specifically, online research—about providers and treatment options instead of relying on a referral from their primary care provider (PCP). That’s why it’s important for physical therapists to have an optimized online presence that includes a professional website , positive online reviews , and an active social media presence . That said, most physical therapists still maintain good relationships with physicians and surgeons and obtain many of their patients through the traditional referral process.

How much money do physical therapists make?

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) , the median pay for physical therapists in May of 2022 was $97,720 per year and $46.98 per hour—with the lowest 10% earning less than $67,900 and the highest earning more than $128,830. 

The industries that hire the most physical therapists are:

*According to the Department of Labor, this category includes offices of chiropractors; optometrists; mental health practitioners (except physicians); physical, occupational, and speech therapists as well as audiologists; and all other health practitioners.

The top-paying industries for physical therapists are:

Location Matters

Keep in mind that the above-noted numbers are national averages. These stats will differ depending on where you live. The states with the highest number of employed physical therapists are:

The top-paying states for physical therapists are:

Download your free copy of the PT Salary Guide.

To find out what physical therapists make in your neck of the woods—including a complete state-by-state and metropolitan area breakdown— download our free salary guide here.

Experience Matters

According to Payscale.com , experienced physical therapists receive a salary 13% higher than the national average, whereas entry-level PTs receive a salary 9% lower. The average entry-level salary for a physical therapist is $69,073.

What kind of job outlook do physical therapists have?

The demand for physical therapy is growing—and will continue to grow —as more people recognize the need for safe, cost-effective, conservative, and long-term treatment options to address neuromusculoskeletal and chronic conditions such as diabetes and obesity. With the opioid crisis falling under the national spotlight, payers and legislators are feeling the pressure to find and deliver alternative treatment options—like physical therapy—to their patients. If that’s not enough, according to BLS , many baby boomers are staying active later in life and thus, require the regular attention of a physical therapist. To that end, physical therapist employment is expected to grow 17% from 2021 to 2031, which is “much faster than the average for all occupations.”

So, what does that mean for you? If you pursue a career in physical therapy, you’ll likely land a job right out of school given that “job opportunities are expected to be good for licensed physical therapists in all settings,” and are “particularly good in acute-care hospitals, skilled-nursing facilities, and orthopedic settings, where the elderly are most often treated.” The outlook is even better if you want to work in a rural area, because most practicing physical therapists already work in “highly populated urban and suburban areas.”

What kind of software do physical therapists use?

Whether working as an individual provider or within a large practice group with other healthcare professionals, an electronic medical record (EMR) to record and store patient health information is the start of simplifying clinical workflows. Ideally, physical therapists will choose an always-up-to-date, cloud-based EMR and practice management platform that’s designed for physical therapists and provides not only defensible documentation, compliance alerts, and a streamlined workflow but also:

• intuitive scheduling functionality and automated appointment reminders that reduce patient cancellations and no-shows by as much as 30%, and patient self-scheduling software that patients are actively seeking to use; 
• fully integrated clinical outcomes tracking with a library of standardized, risk-adjusted tests;
• enhanced multimedia home exercise programs ;
• robust practice intelligence analytics ; 
• comprehensive billing solutions that increase payments per visit by up to 10%; and 

advanced patient engagement and marketing tools.

What does it take to become a physical therapist, personality traits.

A provider’s personality greatly affects a patient’s willingness to complete his or her course of care—and thus, his or her therapeutic outcome. It’s safe to say that a provider’s personality matters. Do you have the personality necessary to be a successful PT? Here are some important traits for a future PT to possess: 

• Compassionate
• People-Oriented
• Conversational
• A Critical Thinker
• A Puzzle-Lover
• Accountable
• A Good Decision-Maker
• Cooperative
• Passionate About Functional Movement and Well-being

Students who are interested in becoming physical therapists must first earn a bachelor’s degree from an accredited university. Then, they’ll go on to earn a doctorate of physical therapy (DPT) from the graduate school of their choice. A growing number of schools accept students directly out of high school for three years of undergraduate coursework plus three years of graduate-level education.

While you don’t have to select a pre-physical therapy or pre-med major, most graduate schools require students to have a significant amount of applicable prerequisite courses in subjects such as chemistry, physics, biology, anatomy, psychology, statistics, mathematics, and English writing. (The Physical Therapist Centralized Application Service has a detailed chart of what each DPT program requires.) Thus, selecting a major with a heavy emphasis on science would be a wise choice (though certainly not mandatory). If you complete, say, a fine arts degree, you may still be able to attend PT school; you might just have to take additional courses to meet the prerequisite course requirements before matriculation. (To learn what your school-of-choice requires, check out its admissions page; for the top-ranked PT programs in the country, scroll to the next section of this page and click the link in the prereqs section of each school.)

Prerequisites

Other prerequisites often include: 

• A solid GPA ( the University of Pittsburgh , for example, only accepts students with a GPA of 3.0 or higher);
• Good Graduate Record Examinations (GRE) test scores taken within the last five years; and
• Adequate exposure to the profession through volunteer or paid experience in a clinic or hospital.

So, if you plan to pursue a career as a physical therapist, you’ll want to keep your grades up in college and practice for the GRE—and you may want to begin applying for physical therapy internships early in your undergraduate career to ensure you can demonstrate a wealth of experience once it comes time to apply to grad school. 

Traditional Residential Programs vs. Alternative Hybrid Models

Most physical therapy programs are full-time, three-year programs—which means you must attend classes at the university campus. There are, however, some alternative DPT programs with a hybrid learning model that enables students flexibility in how they finish their DPT program. These models typically take the shape of:

• a mostly online format , 
• a part-time attendance format, or 
• an accelerated program .

With the growing need for PTs in practice and the industry’s recognition that student debt is a problem, hybrid models have become commonplace in almost every state. Choosing the right type of program for you can take some deliberation, so try Mike Reinold's podcast episode to help steer you in the right direction. 

Each school has its own requirements regarding the coursework you must complete to graduate. For instance, here is a list of courses at the University of Southern California . Overall, the direction of coursework is determined by the Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education (CAPTE) who is responsible for overseeing the maintenance of current programs in physical therapy and accrediting new programs.

Once you receive your DPT, you’ll be ready to sit for your multiple-choice licensing exam: the National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE) . According to the NPTE website, “the NPTE is only one part of the evaluation process used by licensing authorities to assess your competence. Contact your jurisdiction to find out what additional requirements there are, such as taking the jurisprudence exam .”

In other words, be sure to review the requirements for licensure in your state, so you know what to expect before it comes time to graduate as a DPT.

Credentialing

If you’re opting to go in-network with insurance companies , then you’ll need to receive credentials from those payers. As explained in our free billing guide, “Some payers— like Medicare —do not allow non-credentialed providers to treat or collect payment from patients for any covered services.” To apply for credentials, you’ll need:

• malpractice insurance,
• a physical clinic location, and
• a license to practice in your state.

If you join an in-network practice, that company may already have an established credentialing process that will help you get credentialed with the right insurance companies.

Post-Graduate Study

If you choose to further your education beyond your doctorate through clinical fellowships or residency programs, you may do so. According to the American Physical Therapy Association (APTA) , these are great ways for “licensed physical therapists to enhance their knowledge and practice.” 

Per the APTA, a clinical residency program is “designed to significantly advance a physical therapist resident's preparation as a provider of patient care services in a defined area of clinical practice. It combines opportunities for ongoing clinical supervision and mentoring with a theoretical basis for advanced practice and scientific inquiry.”

On the other hand, clinical fellowships are offered to physical therapists “who demonstrate clinical expertise in an area of clinical practice related to the practice focus of the fellowship. (Fellows are frequently post-residency prepared or board-certified specialists.)”

Board Certification

If you wish to “build on a broad base of professional education and practice to develop a greater depth of knowledge and skills related to a particular area of practice,” then you may want to consider becoming a board-certified specialist through the American Board of Physical Therapy Specialties (ABPTS) in one of the following areas:

• Cardiovascular and Pulmonary
• Clinical Electrophysiology
• Orthopaedics
• Sports Physical Therapy
• Women's Health

Where should I go to school to become a physical therapist?

While the PT school you choose to attend is ultimately up to you, the APTA urges anyone considering a career as a physical therapist to choose a Doctorate of Physical Therapy program that is accredited by CAPTE —otherwise, you may not be eligible to sit for your licensure exam, and only licensed PTs may practice. With that in mind, below are the US News and World Report’s top-ranked PT schools (all of which are accredited by CAPTE). That said, rankings aren’t everything , so be sure to do your own research on all schools you’re considering, including visiting each one and talking to students about their experience.

According to the Report, “each school's score reflects its average rating on a scale from 1 (marginal) to 5 (outstanding), based on a survey of academics at peer institutions.” (Additional details below were collected from each university, the CAPTE website , Peterson’s , and the PTCAS by the APTA . We make no guarantees as to the accuracy or currentness of this information.)

University of Delaware in Newark, DE

• Contact Phone Number and Email: (302) 831-4576 | [email protected]
• Program Director: Gregory Hicks, PT, PhD | Associate Professor and Chair
• Cohort Size: ~60 students
• Tuition: $1,051/credit hour 
• Acceptance Rate: 26%
• Program: In-person full-time DPT 
• School Type: Public
• Prereqs: Bachelor’s degree +

University of Pittsburgh in Pittsburgh, PA

• Contact Phone Number and Email: (412) 383-6630 | [email protected]
• Program Director: James J Irrgang, PT, PhD, ATC, FAPTA | Professor and Chair
• Cohort Size: ~198 students in the graduate program
• Tuition: $41,796 per year
• Acceptance Rate: 27%
• Program: In-person full-time DPT

Washington University in St. Louis, MO

• Contact Phone Number and Email: (314) 286-1400 | [email protected]
• Program Director: Gammon Earhart, PT, PhD 
• Cohort Size: ~81 students in the graduate program
• Tuition: $20,362 per academic semester | $3,328 to $4,992 per clinical education segment
• Acceptance Rate: 40%
• School Type: Private not-for-profit

Northwestern University in Chicago, IL

• Contact Phone Number and Email: (312) 908-8160 | [email protected]
• Program Director: Julius P. Dewald, PT, PhD  | Chair and Program Administrator
• Cohort Size: ~95 students in the graduate program
• Tuition: $121,688 per year
• Acceptance Rate: 17%

University of Iowa in Iowa City, IA

• Contact Phone Number and Email: (319) 335-9791 | [email protected]
• Program Director: Richard K Shields, PT, PhD, FAPTA  | Professor and Director
• Cohort Size: ~42 students in the graduate program
• Tuition: $7,858 for Iowa residents / $16,608 for non-residents per semester
• Acceptance Rate: unavailable

University of Southern California in Los Angeles, CA

• Contact Phone Number and Email: (323) 442-2900 | [email protected]
• Program Director: James Gordon, PT, EdD, FAPTA | Associate Dean and Chair
• Cohort Size: ~95 in the residential DPT program | ~48 in the hybrid program
• Tuition: $67,389 each for years 1 and 2; $40,715 for the third year
• Acceptance Rate: 16% in 2017 (for the in-person program)
• Program: In-person full-time DPT and full-time hybrid
• School Type: private not-for-profit

Duke University in Durham, NC

• Contact Phone Number and Email: (919) 681-4380 | [email protected]
• Program Director: Chad E. Cook, PT, PhD, MBA, FAAOMPT
• Cohort Size: ~82 students accepted each year
• Tuition: $38,000 per year
• Acceptance Rate: 84% (of early-decision applicants who are interviewed)

Emory University in Atlanta, GA

• Contact Phone Number and Email: (404) 712-5660 | [email protected]
• Program Director: Marie A. Johanson, PT, PhD, OCS | Interim Program Director and Professor
• Cohort Size: ~155 students in the graduate program
• Tuition: $11,100 per semester (as of 2016)
• Acceptance Rate: 25%

MGH Institute of Health Professions in Boston, MA 

• Contact Phone Number and Email: (617) 726-8009 | [email protected]
• Program Director: Julie J. Keysor, PT, PhD 
• Cohort Size: ~118 students in the graduate program
• Tuition: $27,780 for the fall semester of 2023, tuition rates fluctuate by semester
• Acceptance Rate: 19%

The Ohio State University in Columbus, OH

• Contact Phone Number and Email: (614) 292-5922 | [email protected]
• Program Director: John A. Buford, PT, PhD
• Cohort Size: 47-50 students accepted each year
• Tuition: $6,932.40 per semester for Ohio residents / $16,016.40 per semester for non-residents
• Acceptance Rate: 20%

Creighton University in Omaha, NE and Phoenix, AZ

• Contact Phone Number and Email: (402) 280-2662 | [email protected]
• Program Director: Kirk Peck, PT, PhD, CSCS, CCRT, CERP
• Cohort Size: ~61 students in the graduate program
• Tuition: $38,040 for the first year; $56,550 for the second and third years
• School Type: Private

University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill

• Contact Phone Number and Email: (919) 966-4708 | [email protected]
• Program Director: Deborah Givens, PT, DPT, PhD, FAPTA
• Cohort Size: 30-32 students in the graduate program
• Tuition: $9,201 max, per semester for NC residents; $18,347 max, per semester for non-residents
• Acceptance Rate: 33%

What other options are available to me in the PT field?

If you decide not to become a physical therapist—but you enjoy the rehab therapy field—you can also become: 

• an occupational therapist;
• a speech-language pathologist;
• a therapist assistant (PTA, OTA, or SLPA); or
• a therapist technician. 

Or, if you’d rather forego clinical work altogether, you can choose to work in the front or back office of a clinic, performing administrative or billing tasks. Finally, you can apply to work for a leading technology company in the physical therapy space—like WebPT. So while you're here, check out our careers page .

PT vs. PTA vs. Tech

While there is certainly overlap between physical therapists, physical therapist assistants (PTAs), and technicians (a.k.a. aides), there are some important distinctions. For example, in a clinical setting, all three roles work with patients; however, physical therapists are responsible for creating—and overseeing—patient plans of care. Thus, they are the ones who must :

• Interpret patient referrals, 
• Complete all evaluations, 
• Diagnose patient conditions,
• Supervise PTAs and techs,  
• Cosign all PTA-completed notes, and
• Establish discharge plans.

Physical Therapist Assistants

According to the APTA , PTAs “implement selected components of patient/client interventions (treatment), obtain data related to the interventions provided, and make modifications in selected interventions either to progress the patient/client as directed by the physical therapist or to ensure patient/client safety and comfort.” In most cases, payers—including Medicare—will pay for PTA-provided services as long as they adhere to the established supervision and billing requirements ; however, starting January 1, 2022, Medicare will only reimburse 85% of the usual rate for services provided in-part or in-full by a PTA or OTA.

Technicians

Finally, as we explained earlier, “techs help keep the clinic running like a well-oiled machine by cleaning equipment, preparing treatment areas, and assisting patients in moving from room to room—as well as “assist[ing] with clerical duties and paperwork.” According to the APTA , technicians may not perform duties that “require the clinical decision-making of the physical therapist or the clinical problem solving of the physical therapist assistant.” That said, they’re still integral members of the physical therapy team and can have a huge impact on the patient experience—and thus, the practice’s reputation.

Becoming a physical therapist is not necessarily an easy task—some equate it to the rigors of medical school—but the rewards are there in more ways than one. Joining the ranks of physical therapy professionals places you in esteemed standing as an authority in the musculoskeletal system and an expert in movement. Sure there are trials and tribulations just as with any career path, but to quote the NCAA football national champion coach, Jim Harbaugh, “Who’s got it better than us? Nobody!”

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Physical therapists (PTs) are healthcare practitioners who help patients improve their movement abilities. They do this through exercise, stretching, hands-on treatments, and the use of various devices and equipment. In addition to improving mobility, a PT helps manage and relieve pain caused by injuries, disabilities, or other illnesses.

The healthcare services PTs provide can drastically improve the quality of their patient’s lives. If working one-on-one with patients in a medical environment interests you, becoming a physical therapist might be a great career option.

This article will provide a complete overview of everything you need to know about being a physical therapist, including what they do, salary information, how to become one, education requirements, career outlook, and more! 

We Found The Following Schools with Online Physical Therapy Aide Programs

Part one what is a physical therapist.

Physical therapists are healthcare professionals who work one-on-one with patients experiencing mobility challenges and pain. Patients are usually referred to physical therapists by physicians after being diagnosed with a medical condition. But physical therapists also conduct their own physical examination to understand the patient’s overall condition better. From there, they craft a personalized treatment plan.

PTs have expertise in a variety of bodily systems. Most of their work involves the musculoskeletal system. However, it can also include neurological, cardiopulmonary (heart and lung), and integumentary (skin) systems.

Physical therapists also teach exercises appropriate to their patient’s condition and use equipment and other hands-on techniques to provide relief and speed healing. Some of the benefits that a PT can provide their patient with include:

• Restoring range of motion
• Improving balance and posture
• Boosting strength, coordination, fitness, and mobility
• Addressing physical issues induced by obesity
• Assisting with chronic problems such as back pain
• Educating and empowering patients with exercises and stretches to improve healing on their own

The exercises, stretches, manual therapy, and body mechanic lessons a PT introduces can also prevent sports injuries and enhance athletic performance. 

PTs often work within a multidisciplinary team of other healthcare professionals, including physical therapy assistants (PTAs), nurses, and physicians. They also may help teach occupational therapy movements to ensure patients can perform activities of daily living at home.

Part Two What Do Physical Therapists Do?

Physical therapists are experts in movement and range of motion. They help injured or disabled people of all ages enhance their physical abilities with a combination of exercise, education, and hands-on care. 

They may also work with individuals who, though generally healthy, seek assistance in enhancing overall wellness and achieving their fitness goals.

Physical Therapist Responsibilities 

Physical therapists start by examining the patient. From there, PTs can facilitate a treatment plan tailored to the patient’s needs. Some of the patient care responsibilities and duties they perform also include: 

• Reviewing patients’ medical histories and current symptoms
• Observing patients’ movements
• Devising treatment plans
• Sharing goals and anticipated outcomes with patients
• Demonstrating and assigning exercises and stretches to do at home
• Using hands-on therapy and equipment to increase mobility and function
• Recording patient progress
• Modifying treatment plans as needed

Physical Therapist vs Occupational Therapist: What's the Difference?

The main difference between physical and occupational therapy is that physical therapists work on improving how well patients can move their bodies. Conversely, occupational therapists focus on improving how well patients perform daily tasks. Though subtle, these differences impact physical vs occupational therapy goals, approaches, and treatment plans.

Check out our comprehensive guide to learn more about how to become an occupational therapist .

Where Do Physical Therapists Work?

You can find PTs working in a variety of healthcare environments, including:

• Nursing homes
• Sports and fitness facilities
• Outpatient clinics
• Private practices
• Home health agencies
• Workplaces 

Physical Therapist Specialties

PTs may specialize in different treatments or conditions, including oncology, orthopedics, or sports medicine. They also work with diverse patient populations - from pediatrics to geriatrics.

Part Three Physical Therapist Salary 

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics , the median annual wage for physical therapists in May 2023 was $99,710, or $49.94 per hour. The highest 10 percent in the profession earned more than $130,870.

Highest Paying States for Physical Therapists

The states that pay the highest mean annual salary are:

Physical Therapist Salary Factors

Many other factors determine salary, including your level of education and years of experience. Most physical therapists are employed full-time and receive additional benefits, including paid time off, health insurance, and tuition reimbursement.

Part Four How to Become a Physical Therapist 

If you want to become a physical therapist, you’ll have to earn both:

• A bachelor’s degree in a science-related field, and 
• Complete a Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) program with accreditation from the Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education (CAPTE)

Physical Therapy Degree Programs

Doctor of Physical Therapy programs generally take three years to complete. There are two ways to get your DPT education.

DPT Option #1: Bachelor’s Degree to DPT Program

The most common route involves earning a 4-year bachelor’s degree in a science-related field. Undergraduate majors most common for those who go to a DPT program include kinesiology, biology, or exercise science.

Then students can apply for and complete a DPT program. This route takes a total of seven years.

DPT Option #2: Accelerated DPT Program

Attend an accelerated 3+3 curriculum or freshman entry program. This route provides three years of required undergraduate courses followed by a three-year DPT program. 

This option can be an excellent route for students who already know that they want to become a PT upon graduating from high school. These programs often guarantee admission into a DPT program following the successful completion of specific undergraduate courses. These programs take a minimum of 6 years to complete.

DPT Application Process

The American Physical Therapy Association created the Physical Therapist Centralized Application Service to facilitate the application process. This simple web-based application takes one completion and then is used to apply to multiple accredited programs.

DPT Coursework

PT coursework will include classroom education in the following subjects:

• Behavioral science
• Biomechanics
• Kinesiology
• Neuroscience Pharmacology
• Pulmonary system
• Cardiovascular system
• Endocrine and metabolic systems
• Musculoskeletal systems
• Communication
• Evidence-based practice

Students will also spend a minimum of 27 weeks gaining hands-on clinical experience as a part of their studies.

Physical Therapy Licensure

After completing a DPT program, graduates must pass a state licensure exam required by their state before practicing as a professional. Every state has its own licensing and continuing education, and it is essential to research your state’s requirements.

Part Five What is the Career Outlook for Physical Therapists?

The BLS projects that opportunities for physical therapists will grow by 15% over the next several years. 

Several factors are responsible for the increased projected job openings, including:

• Increased use of outpatient surgery followed by rehabilitation and therapy
• A greater understanding of the impact that therapeutic protocols can have on the disabled and victims of trauma
• The aging of the baby boom generation leading to more required interventions
• Expanding interest in improving health, mobility, and function on the part of the general public. 

Physical therapy can address all of these needs, improving quality of life and helping people live healthy and active lives.

Part Six What are the Continuing Education Requirements for Physical Therapists?

Every state has its own licensing board that regulates physical therapists. States also have independent policies and procedures related to continuing education requirements. 

The  Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy (FSBPT) maintains a list of each state’s licensing authorities, including links to each state’s practice act. 

Part Seven Where Can I Learn More About Becoming a Physical Therapist?

Several professional PT organizations provide resources about career opportunities, events, and more, such as:

• American Physical Therapist Association (APTA)
• American Council of Academic Physical Therapy (ACAPT)
• American Academy of Orthopaedic Manual Physical Therapists (AAOMPT)
• World Confederation for Physical Therapy (WCPT)

Part Eight Physical Therapist FAQs

 what does a physical therapist do.

• Physical therapists work one-on-one with patients to improve mobility and function and to relieve pain. The individuals that they treat may be recovering from illness, disabled by congenital disabilities, suffering from injuries, experiencing neurological traumas, or other debilitating physical conditions.

How many years does it take to become a physical therapist?

• In most cases, it takes seven years to become a physical therapist. However, some programs offer expedited programs. These programs include a 3-year undergraduate program and a 3-year DPT school.

What is it like to be a physical therapist?

• A career as a physical therapist is both challenging and rewarding. The job can also be physically demanding because PTs provide hands-on treatment and often demonstrate exercises to patients. Most physical therapists enjoy watching their patients make healthy improvements in their quality of life.

How much money does a physical therapist make a month?

• According to the BLS , the average median salary for a physical therapist is $99,710 which equals about $8,309 per month. 

Is physical therapy a stressful job?

• Being a physical therapist can be a stressful job. PTs help people during some of the most challenging times of their lives. For example, many patients may be recovering from a debilitating injury or illness and experiencing some suffering. However, the profession can also be rewarding as patients achieve their treatment goals, have pain relief, and gain mobility and function.

Is it hard to become a physical therapist?

• Becoming a physical therapist requires earning an undergraduate degree and pursuing a rigorous three-year Doctor of Physical Therapy program. The course load is challenging and requires at least six to seven years of study. Also, PTs must have excellent communication skills and possess empathy to succeed in the field.

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