presentation culture of pakistan

• Pakistani Culture, Customs, and Traditions

Officially known as the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, Pakistan is a nation that is located in South Asia . The nation has multiple ethnic groups and cultures such as Punjabis, Kashmiris, Muhajirs, Pashtuns, Shinaki, and a few other communities scattered all over the country. Aside from their own cultures, these groups have come to form a new culture that has been heavily influenced by the neighboring countries and their cultures. Pakistan’s culture is unique among the other nations of South Asia. 

The country’s population speaks more than 60 languages . Among them all, Urdu is the national language with a huge portion of speakers at 75%. In addition to being a national language, Urdu is also a symbol of the Muslims as well as the lingua franca (or common language) of the country. Despite Urdu being the main language in the country, only 8% of the population uses it as a primary language. The other official language is English, which is used by the government and for legal matters. For the most part, the masses use a special variation of English that is known as Pakistani English. In addition to these two languages, the constitution recognizes Arabic as an important language in the teaching of Islam.

The most common language is the Punjabi language (44.15% of the population) and is mostly used in Punjab. Other languages include Sindhi (12%), which is mostly spoken in Sindh, Saraiki (10%), which is mostly spoken in Hindko, South Punjab, and the larger Hazara region, as well as other languages. In each of the five provinces of the nation, there is a provincial language that is not recognized by the national law.

Like in most other countries in Asia, the food in Pakistani is influenced by its neighbors. In the case of Pakistan, the foreign influence is from Afghanistan and the Middle East in general. The different regions of the country have differences in cooking styles and techniques. For example, the provinces of Sind and Punjab known for their spicy cuisine that is similar to Indian food. By contrast, northern and western provinces such as Azad Jammu and Kashmir and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa prepare food that is mild and less spicy, which is similar to the cooking styles of Central Asia. Examples of Pakistani foods include the likes of biryani, boiled rice, and kebabs.

In addition to the local cuisines, international styles have affected the nation as well. In fact, fusion food (a mixture of foreign and local recipes) is a common practice, especially in the country’s urban areas. An example of fusion food is Pakistani Chinese Cuisine. Despite all these international effects, the diversity in the country always ensures a wide array of delicacies.

Pakistan has a rich collection of poems classified into different categories such as English poetry, Baluchi poetry, and Pashto poetry. Another category, Sufi poetry, is strongly rooted in the country. Since the region was strongly admired by Persian rulers in older periods, Persian poetry is quite popular as many poems about the region came from Persia. Poetry is not only practiced at the national level but also at the provincial level. Since Urdu became a national language after independence in 1947, most of the poems are now written in Urdu. Some of the renowned poets who have written poems in Urdu include the likes of Ahmad Faraz, Ahmad Nadeem Qasmi, and Faiz Ahmad Faiz.

Celebrations

Pakistan has several celebrations that it observes. Like any other country with a Muslim population, Pakistan observes the holy month of Ramadan . During this month, all Muslims fast from morning until evening and attend the mosques more often. In addition, there are related festivals such as Eid ul-Fitr and Eid ul-Adha to mark the passing of the holy month of Ramadan.

Aside from religious celebrations, the nation also marks Independence Day on the 14 th of every August, which is representative of the day when Pakistan gained freedom from British India. To mark this special day, people gather for national prayers in mosques all over the country. In the morning, those who lost their lives in the fight for independence are remembered by a 21 cannon salute. Other events include singing the national anthem and decorating the cities and buildings.

Recreation and Sports

Field hockey is the officially recognized sport of Pakistan even though squash and cricket are more popular. The national field hockey team has had some success in the Hockey World Cup as it has won the trophy four times. The national cricket team has won the Cricket World cup of 1992 followed by a runners-up performance in 1999. The nation has also played host to the 1987 and 1996 Cricket World Cups. The cricket team has also won other accolades such as 2009’s ICC World Twenty20, the Austral-Asia Cup (three times), and the ICC Champions Trophy in 2017.

Internationally, the nation has participated in the Summer Olympics in sports including field hockey, athletics, shooting, boxing, and swimming. Hockey is the sport in which the Pakistanis have had the most success with after winning three gold medals in 1960, 1968, and in 1984. Since its introduction in 2005, A1 Grand Prix racing has gained some popularity as well. Another sport that is on the rise is soccer.

Architecture

The nation’s architecture goes all the way back to pre-Islamic periods to the post-colonial times. In fact, some of the structures such as the tombs of Bibi Jawindi, and Baha’is-Halim, which are all in the town of Uch Sharif, have been on UNESCO’s tentative list since 2004. Some of the pre-Islamic structures that are available to this day include Mohenjo Daro, Kot Diji, and Harappa. The Muslims introduced some classical techniques that are still available up to this day. Colonial times were dominated by an Indo-European style while post-colonial times are dominated by modern architecture.

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Throughout Pakistan, as in most agrarian societies, family organization is strongly patriarchal, and most people live with large extended families, often in the same house or family compound . The eldest male, whether he is the father, grandfather, or paternal uncle, is the family leader and makes all significant decisions regarding the family and its members. Traditionally, a woman’s place in society has been secondary to that of men, and she has been restricted to the performance of domestic chores and to fulfilling the role of a dutiful wife and mother. However, in the Punjab , cotton picking is exclusively a woman’s job, and women may keep the money thus earned for their own purposes.

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In wealthy peasant and landowner households and in urban middle-class families, the practice of keeping women in seclusion ( purdah ) is still common; when women leave their houses, they typically cover their heads. Among the rural poor, women have duties on the farm as well as in the house and do not customarily observe purdah. Houses of those who practice purdah have a men’s section ( mardānah ) at the front of the house, so that visitors do not disturb the women, who are secluded in the women’s section ( zanānah ) in the rear. Women’s subordinate status in Pakistan also is evident in the practice of “ honour killings ,” in which a woman may be killed by a male relative if she is thought to have brought dishonour on the family or clan.

Among the wealthiest Pakistanis, Western education and modes of living have eliminated purdah, but, in general, even among that group, attitudes toward women in society and the family often have been viewed by outsiders as antiquated. Change has occurred most rapidly among the urban middle-income group, inspired by increasing access to the West as well as by the entry of women into the workforce and into government service. An increasing number of middle-class women have stopped observing purdah, and the education of women has been encouraged. Some women have gained distinction in the professions; some of Pakistan’s leading politicians, journalists, and teachers have been women, and a woman has served as prime minister and as speaker of parliament.

In traditional parts of Pakistan, social organization revolves around kinship rather than around the caste system that is used in India . The baradari ( berādarī ; patrilineage, literally “brotherhood”) is the most important social institution. Endogamy is widely practiced, often to a degree that would be considered inappropriate in Western society; the preferred marriage for a man within many Pakistani communities is with his father’s brother’s daughter, and among many other groups marriages are invariably within the baradari . The lineage elders constitute a council that adjudicates disputes within the lineage and acts on behalf of the lineage with the outside world—for example, in determining political allegiances . In contemporary Pakistan, the question of class distinction based on historic patterns of social interaction has become blurred by the tendency to pretend that one has lineage to a nobler ancestor. However, irrespective of the questionable authenticity of a claim to a particular title, the classification of social status persists.

Pakistani clothing styles are similar in many ways to those found in India. The shalwar - kamiz combination—a long knee-length shirt ( kamiz , camise) over loose-fitting pants ( shalwar )—is the most common traditional form of attire. As a more formal overgarment, men wear a knee-length coat known as a sherwani ; women frequently wear a light shawl called a dupatta . Among conservative Muslim communities, women sometimes wear the burqa , a full-length garment that may or may not cover the face. In earlier generations, the fez hat was popular among Muslim men, but more often the woolen, boat-shaped Karakul hat (popularized by Mohammed Ali Jinnah) is associated with Pakistan; however, many other hat styles are worn, especially in tribal areas. Western clothes are popular among the urban young, and combinations of Western and Pakistani styles can be seen in the streets.

Pakistani cuisine also has affinities with that of India. Curry dishes are common, as are a variety of vegetables, including potatoes, eggplant, and okra. Each region (and, often, each household) has its own preferred mixture of spices—the term masala is used to describe such a mixture. In addition to the many spices that are also associated with other countries of South Asia , yogurt is a common ingredient. Favourite meats include chicken, mutton, and lamb. Lentils are a standard dish, and various types of wheat bread are the national staple. The most common breads are chapati (unleavened flat bread) and naan (slightly leavened). Pakistanis drink a great deal of hot tea (chai), and lassi (a type of yogurt drink), sherbet, and lemonade are popular. As in most Muslim countries, alcoholic beverages are considered culturally inappropriate, but there are several domestic breweries and distilleries.

Muslim Pakistanis celebrate the two major Islamic holidays, Eid al-Fitr (which marks the end of Ramadan) and Eid al-Adha (which marks the end of the hajj), as well as the Prophet Muhammad’s birthday (the religious holidays are based on a lunar calendar and vary from year to year). Mohammed Ali Jinnah’s birthday (December 25) is a celebrated holiday. Independence Day is August 14, and Pakistan Day is March 23 (celebrating the Lahore [Pakistan] Resolution of 1940). There are a number of other major and minor holidays.

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The cultural and ethnic diversity across the four provinces of Pakistan makes this multi-ethnic country stand out. From Punjabis to Sindhis or from Pashtuns to Muhajirs, you will find it all within Pakistan. Pakistan is culturally, religiously, and ethnically a versatile land, and we will discover the true essence and beauty of these distinct cultures and their development through the ages below.

There is an extensive history of Pakistan’s land and how communities/ tribes from diverse backgrounds, with specific cultures and ethnicity, landed in Pakistan, creating a unified yet vicious web of cultures and traditions. Pakistan’s heritage culture reels back to the times of the Indus civilization, approximately five thousand years ago. Since then, the penetration of Islamic ideology has played a considerable role in shaping current Pakistan’s cultural dynamic. The cultural modifications in Pakistan were highly influenced by Arabic-Persian cultures and a few decades back by western cultures.

To date, numerous traditions, celebrations, food, and lifestyle has a hint of western and Indian cultures. Celebrations such as Holi (Hindu celebration), Christmas, and Thanksgiving (western celebrations) have become prevalent in Pakistan. The more we explore the culture of the west, the more we follow them.

Accommodating more than fifteen major ethnic groups, Pakistan is a land of cultural and ethnic heterogeneity. The most notable communities include Punjabis, Sindhis, Pashtuns (Pathans), Balochi, Kashmiris, and Muhajirs (communities that migrated from India to Pakistan during the partition). The core communities for each ethnicity are primarily divided across provinces of Pakistan, i.e., Pashtuns are mainly concentrated in KPK (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa), Sindhis towards South, Punjabis towards East, and Balochis towards South-West. The intermixing of these several cultures, their traditions, and lifestyle are well-developed, and people are intrigued to learn about neighboring cultures within Pakistan.

Although Pakistan’s national language is Urdu, you will discover people communicating in various languages. Pashto, Urdu, Punjabi, Saraiki, and many others. Not to forget, the use of the English language in daily life has increased. If one observes, children are taught to communicate in English when they go to school. The teaching medium in educational institutes is a mix of both English and Urdu.

One remarkable ability in Pakistan’s society households is using two or more languages in homes like Urdu and Punjabi, Balochi and Seraiki, Sindhi and Urdu. It shows the cultural assortment and acceptability of different ethnic groups in our lives. With this artistic growth, the gap between fluent spoken and written Urdu languages rises. It may be a sign of us adopting other cultures at the expense of compromising the command of our national language.

Family Structure

One of the critical features of Pakistani culture can be termed “Collectiveness.” Various communities, families, and associates are highly interlinked and interdependent on one another. Social, political, and professional connections and relations are given immense regard making Pakistan a socially complex society. These loyalties within communities go across generations. The nature of this collectiveness explains the family set-ups in Pakistan. Large, extended families have lived together under one roof for decades, and to date, many family set-ups follow the same tradition.

However, with rising independence and primarily the influence of the western culture, many households have been divided so that each house caters to one particular family. People are inclined towards separate, independent homes to relieve them of financial constraints, have privacy and have a greater focus on their children and upbringing.

Food and Dining Etiquettes

Food is what brings Pakistani families and communities closer. Few traditional Pakistani foods include biryani and karahi. Pakistan is a Muslim country; hence, only halal meat is consumed. Pork or alcohol is not used in meal preparations. Food preparation and cooking style utilizes a lot of spices, rich, vibrant colors, and mouthwatering aromas. Along with desi (traditional) foods, food from other countries and cultures such as Korean, Indian, and American are also consumed regularly and are found on food menus in restaurants within Pakistan.

Dining etiquettes have been a significant part of Pakistani culture and heritage when it comes to food. It has been the same for decades: the entire family sits together (preferably on the floor) and eats. While eating, discussions are generally based around routine life and some words of wisdom from the elders. However, the family dining experience and culture have somehow diminished in the present times. Each family member eats according to their convenience, and the spirit of a close-knit, productive dining table family discussion seems to be lost.

Clothing and Fashion

Each particular culture and ethnic group have its traditional clothing piece which portrays its identity. For instance, in Sindhis, Ajrak is a popular clothing item. However, these conventional clothing pieces are still utilized today but with a touch of modern fashion. The styling and accessorizing of clothes have been a key in cultural growth and development.

The use of jeans and t-shirts is more common than the use of shalwar kameez in daily life. Youth of the nation predominantly revolutionizes lifestyle, getting inspiration from international market and fashion trends and incorporating them into their cultural wear. However, we need to think: Is this exposure adding to the artistic growth or erasing the traces of actual ethnicity of various cultures in Pakistan?

Gender Roles

Traditionally, gender roles were very distinct. Females remained in the households and took care of domestic chores while men used to work and earn money. However, cultural growth has variegated the gender roles. Nowadays, females are working in all sectors of life, including medicine, engineering, aeronautics, and business. Higher female education is given priority across all cultures, contrary to the traditional norms that focus on male education only. Females are gaining financial independence and are encouraged by families. Early marriages have significantly reduced as the focus is shifted to education, employment, and freedom.

Multi-culturalist Pakistan is the new Pakistan. The array of cultures, traditions, and the way they have evolved along the ages is simply beautiful. Exposure to copious cultures is an essential tool for personal growth. It is what defines Pakistan.

Culture is the arts elevated to a set of beliefs. ~Thomas Wolfe

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Also Read: COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS: THE GORILLAS OF CLIMATE CHANGE

Maira Masood is a BS Biosciences student at NUST, Pakistan. She aspires to be a geneticist and wants to play an active part in spreading scientific awareness through writings. 

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The Culture Of Pakistan - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

The Culture Of Pakistan

Characteristics of pakistani culture culture is the combination of tradition and customs collective and individual behaviour ... – powerpoint ppt presentation.

• Culture is the combination of tradition and customs collective and individual behaviour during peace and war. It is the collective way of life in a society.
• Although Pakistani culture in its present shape prominently Islamic but it has been influenced by various cultures of the Sub-Continent to a great extent. That is why it is different then the other culture of Islamic countries.
• Pakistan is an ideological Islamic state. Its very existence is due to Islam. So Pakistani culture is primarily based on the Islamic way of life.
• the social life in Pakistan is very easy to understand. Social customs and traditions are very simple and reflect Islamic touch. People are very conscious about their social tradition and feel pride in following and observing them.
• Dress is an important part of culture. Dress in a completely as nudity is prohibited in Islam. People therefore wear simple and grateful dress.
• Our eating halite, food and social etiquettes are strictly in conformity with Islamic teachings. Muslims eat Halal food
• Many games are played in Pakistan which reflects cultural identity. Wrestling, Hockey, Cricket, Basket ball, Kabaddi and Squash are some of the games played all over the country. Different shows are arranged in rural areas like puppet show, loktamasha, Monkey play show etc.
• our classical literature reflects more or less common background. Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai from Sindh, Rehman Baba from NWFP, Bhulley Shah from Punjab and Gul Khan Naseer from Baluchistan have much in common. They all gave message of love through their poetry and prose.
• Language is one of the basic factor in culture. The regional languages of Pakistan Sindhi, Punjabi, Baluchi, Pushto, Saraiki, Brahvi, Gojri and Hindku are the product of the same cultural background which brought Urdu into existence and later Urdu was adopted as a national language and chief vehicle of cultural and National Society.
• Muslim period was the great era of painting and history writing. The art of Music has been served a lot by the Muslim. The art of music has been served by the Muslim. Nawab Wajid Ali Shah was not only a great admirer of music but himself was a great musician. Similarly, Mian Tensen, a court singer of Akbar who has become a legend. The art of music set the deep impression on the culture of Pakis tan. Emperor Babar was very fond of pair ting. The great painters of Pakistan Gulji and Sadiqain do not require any introduction.
• Love and devotion for calligraphy is the reflection of love and faith of the Muslims. Quran writing good and stylish has been popular amongst the Muslim for all the times. Mehmood Ghaznavi and Aurangzeb, Alamgir were the Master of Calligraphy.
• Many buildings, mijestiforts and great mosques are testimony of Muslims achievement in the field of Architecture. The contribution of Moguls to the field of Art and Architecture will ever remain a brilliant legacy of the Islamic culture. Taj Mahal, an amazing building is recognized as one of the seven wonders of the world.
• The customs of the Muslims of Pakistan are the same every where. Eid-Fitar, Eidul Azha, Eid Milad-un-Nabi and Urs at the shrines of the Saints are held every year.
• From birth to death, social cultures, customs and ceremonies are performed by the individuals. Marriages in Pakistan are generally arranged by the parents. To attend the feral and condolence is also the important part of Pakistani culture which has the Islamic spirit.
• The Muslim society of Pakistan took great influence from Hindu and British culture after long and intimate association. This influence is prominent from the language, literature, art, painting,music, dress and diet, etc. of Pakistan.
• In short, only customs leers the Islamic stamps which points towards the great value of justice, brotherhood, equality and service to man the authority westernization and modernization is not necessary. We should adopt our seven culture.

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Culture of Pakistan

Oct 27, 2022

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pakistani culture and its features

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culture of Pakistan Awais khaliq BS-CS sec D

CHARACTERISTICS: CULTURE is the combination of tradition and customs collective and individual behaviour during peace and war.

HISTORIC BACKGROUND: Although Pakistani culture in its present shaped prominently Islamic but it has been influnced by various cultures of the sub-Continent to a great extent.

Salient Features: 1-DRESS 2-Diet or Nutrition 3-Games & Sports 4-Literature 5-language 6-Arts,crraft and Music

BIG TEXT pakistan is an ideological Islamic state. its very existence is due to Islam.

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Prof. Saleem H. Ali (University of Delaware) was invited to do a TED talk on the idea of a "Minerals Trust for the Green Transition" at the "Big Bets Salon" sponsored by the Rockefeller Foundation. The live presentation was held at the TED World Theater at their headquarters in New York and the video already has over 350,000 views online.

AIPS Members Elena Bashir and John Mock recently contributed to the book Languages of Northern Pakistan: Essays in Memory of Carla Radloff. The book is a collection of writing that covers research on the many languages and cultures in the northern areas of Pakistan and is dedicated to the memory of Carla Radloff, who was a well-known contributor to the study of languages in Northern Pakistan. The book is now available as an E-Book through Oxford University Press.

Sadaf Sajjad received a Teaching Excellence Award: The Piper Professor Nominee Award. Dr. Sadaf Sajjad, a Provost Fellow in Psychology, was granted this statewide award that recognizes outstanding full-time faculty in the teaching profession. Higher education institutions must be invited to submit a nominee and only ten professors are selected to receive this award each year. Congratulations!

Hasan Hameed, a participant in the most recent AIPS Emerging Scholars Symposium in 2022, recently published an article in Modern Intellectual History titled 'Arguing Pakistan in Late Colonial India.'  The article explores the ideas of Shabbir Ahmad Usmani and argues that Usmani viewed Pakistan as a particular kind of Islamic democracy.

Dr. Kamran Asdar Ali, Co-Editor-in-Chief of Critical Pakistan Studies, was recently featured in a video where he presented his aspirations for Critical Pakistan Studies to be a high-standard, first-rate, and top-tier interdisciplinary source of information on Pakistan. Critical Pakistan Studies is a new open-access journal published with the support of Cambridge University Press that tackles broader interdisciplinary issues in addition to Pakistan and Pakistanis.

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People of pakistan.

Pakistan is a diverse country, with a number of distinct ethno-linguistic and cultural traditions. The Punjabis, including Seraiki speaking people, constitute approximately 55% of the population, Sindhis 20%, Pathans 10%, the Mujahirs (those who migrated from India in 1947) 7%, and the Balochis 5%. The other sub-groups include the Hindko speakers in the NWFP and the Brahuis of Balochistan.

Median Age: 24.1 years (male: 24.1 years, female: 24.2 years)

Population Growth Rate: 1.41%

Birth Rate: 21.6 births/1,000 population

Death Rate: 6.3 deaths/1,000 population

Net Migration Rate: -1.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population

Infant Mortality Rate: 50.4 deaths/1,000 live births (male: 53.5, female: 47.1)

Life Expectancy at Birth: 63.39 years (male: 62.4, female: 64.44)

Total Fertility Rate:  2.55 children born/woman

Major Infectious Diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, typhoid fever, dengue fever, malaria, and rabies

HIV/AIDS prevalence rate: 0.1%

People Living with HIV/AIDS: 160,000

HIV/AIDS Deaths: 6,400

Nationality: noun: Pakistani(s), adjective: Pakistani

Ethnic Groups: Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashtun (Pathan), Baloch, Saraiki, Mujahir (immigrants from India at the time of partition and their descendants)

Religions: Muslim 96.4% (Sunni 85-90%, Shi'a 10-15%), other (includes Chirstian and Hindu) 3.6% 

Languages: Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Siraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%, Pashtu 8%, Urdu (official) 8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%, English (official and lingua franca of Pakistani elite and most government ministries), Burushaski, and other 8%

Literacy (age 15 and over can read and write): 57.9% (male: 69.5%, female: 45.8%)

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Pakistan: Media and Culture Through the Ages

By The Citizens Archive of Pakistan

In the history of Pakistan, the media has been an important avenue for culture and entertainment. Radio Pakistan came into being on 13th August 1947, when its first broadcast was an announcement of the creation of Pakistan. Initially only in Lahore, Dhaka and Peshawar, it expanded to Hyderabad, Karachi and Quetta in the 1950’s, leading to a cultural renaissance particularly in the province of Sindh where musicians and writers from different parts of the province became associated with it. Radio Pakistan initiated the process of recording folk and Sufi poetry in the voices of singers who went on to become the most celebrated artists of the country. Radio Pakistan was also used as a medium for the government to broadcast its foreign policy. Since Radio Pakistan could be broadcasted to neighboring countries as well, it was used in disseminating messages of peace and friendship. It also became important during the wars of 1965 and 1971 when news of Pakistan’s victories would be broadcasted to boost morale and instill in the people a sense of nationalism.

Farooq Jehan Taimuri presenting a show on Radio Pakistan

Farooq Jehan Taimuri was the first full time female employee of Radio Pakistan in 1958.  Pakistan has been plagued by cultural and traditional inclinations that prevented women from having leading positions in organizations. By 1988 Pakistan had progressed enough to be the first Muslim nation to have a female Prime Minister in Benazir Bhutto. The appointment of Farooq Jehan Taimuri was an example of equality in the entertainment industry.

Farooq Jehan Taimuri presenting a show with Shamim Ara.

Farooq Jehan Taimuri and Begum Sarwari on Radio Pakistan.

Akbar Khan and Farooq Jehan Taimuri present a program on Radio Pakistan

Presidential Address on Radio Pakistan

This is a picture of Noor Jehan recording a song in the studio of Radio Pakistan. She gained popularity during the 1965 war due to her patriotic songs. Her songs were played on the frontlines and were an inspiration for the soldiers fighting the war against India.   In 1966 Noor Jehan was awarded the Pride of Performance by General Ayub Khan for her contribution to the war efforts.

Noor Jehan singing in the studios of Radio Pakistan

When Pakistan Television (PTV) was launched in 1964 it enjoyed a dominant position in media outlets. Originally only in black and white, colour transmissions were launched in 1976. Classic TV serials of the 1970’s and 1980’s such as Khuda Ki Basti, Shamaand Ankahi were highly successful and are celebrated to this day. The themes of these TV serials were varied, ranging from serious family drama and love stories to satirical commentaries on social issues. However the rule of General Zia-ul-Haq (1977-1988) proved to be a setback to the performing arts of Pakistan. TV serials were censored, and the poetry of famous Sufi poets was banned. Although the era marked a decline of PTV and Radio Pakistan, it is important to note that writers of the time made every effort to express social restrictions and issues of religious intolerance that had become prevalent in society after Zia’s policy of Islamization. An example is the famous TV serial Aangan Terha (Crooked Courtyard) that aired in 1984. The serial was a humorous commentary on societal anxieties and the lack of public tolerance due to President Zia’s policies. However, direct references to Zia’s regime were only made implicitly for fear of persecution. 2002 saw a boom in Pakistani media when President Pervez Musharraf (1999-2008) liberalized the media through an ordinance which allowed the launch of private TV channels. Since then almost fifty channels on entertainment, religion and news have been launched and TV serials have made a comeback on Pakistani TV screens. Although Pakistani media continues to bring inspirational productions to TV screens and the radio, the time when PTV and Radio Pakistan were at their peak is still considered to be the golden age in the history of media productions in Pakistan. TV serials of that era remain immortalized in Pakistan’s cultural heritage as the classics which revolutionized the arts and set the standard for future.

Anarkali was an esteemed production about a love story between Anarkali, a courtesan in the royal court, and Jehangir, the son of Mughal Emperor Akbar.  It started out as a TV play and was such a hit that it was recreated into a film. It helped to increase audience in cinemas during the rule of General Ayub Khan resulting in an increase in consumerism.

Anarkali  - 1960s

A photo of two actors from the TV serial Shama – Rizwan Wasti (extreme right) and Zahoor Ahmed (center right) – discussing matters pensively as two younger men look on from the background during filming.

Shama (Candlelight) - 1968

Javed Shaikh was a part of Shama, a critically acclaimed TV serial, which attracted a lot of attention towards him and enabled him to propel his career as a leading name in the Pakistani film industry.

A female journalist interviews the producer, Qasim Jalali (extreme right) about Shama, which had become a media sensation and a public favourite at that time.

The producer of Shama, Qasim Jalali (extreme right) eyes his surroundings, ensuring meticulous details while standing close to actor Imtiaz Shaikh (extreme left), who played the role of Munshee (book keeper).

The picture shows the cast and crew of ‘Aadhe Chehre’, a TV serial writted by Nusrat Javed, which depicted the socio economic disparities between individuals from different income levels in Pakistan. In this TV serial a young girl from a village moves to the city and feels pressured to conform to urban norms. The TV serial also depicted the costs of breaking taboos, as she was censured heavily by her relatives back home because of her transformation and was accused of shedding her modesty.

‘Aadhe Chehre’ (Half Faces) – 1975

Shoaib Mansoor’s musical program - 1978

The picture shows Bushra Ansari (Left) and Dr. Amjad Pervez (Right) on the set of a musical program. Bushra Ansari’s hairstyle and attire is influenced by Indian Bollywood films starring Sharmila Tagore which became popular in the 1970’s. Many influences of Bollywood and Hollywood could be seen in Pakistani TV serials post 1970, and the presence of an antique car on set is suggestive of a Western influence on stage design and production.

Mahmood Akhtar (left) and Bushra Ansari (right) star in a medical TV serial where Bushra Ansari plays the role of Dr. Fauzia.

Emergency Ward – 1978

‘Ghar Chota Sa’ (A Small Home) – 1978

Rehan Azhar (right) and Bushra Ansari (left) star in a TV serial Ghar Chota Sa, which was a family drama depicting the problems of an ordinary married couple. TV serials which focused on family issues were a great success at the time as they addressed many stereotypes that were prevalent in Pakistani households about the specific role of the husband and wife in a marriage.

Aabginey was a TV serial written by Fatima Surriya Bajiya which narrated the rich history of Islam with stories of Muslim conquerors. The play indirectly helped to motivate respect amongst the public for Islamic clerics who were gaining power through General Zia’s regime (1977-1988).

Aabginey 1978-1979

Eid Show – 1981

The photo shows a special comedy show for Eid festivities. Jamshed Ansari (Left), Qazi Wajid (Middle) and Bushra Ansari (Right) can be seen enjoying themselves while they wait for the cameras to turn on. Well-produced entertainment is highly popular during Eid, the largest holiday season in Pakistan, when families come together and partake in the cultural sphere.

Angan Terha was a satirical TV serial that aired on Pakistan television (PTV).  It had dynamic characters that mocked the lack of public tolerance during General Zia’s rule (1978-1988) and played humour on societal distresses.   Actor Saleem Nasir played the character of a hilarious classical dancer-turned-household servant and acts as the embodiment of social satire and mockery in Angan Terha.

Aangan Terha (Crooked Courtyard) – 1984

Bushra Ansari, Kamran Yousuf, Aasif Raza Mir can be seen in the last episode of Aanghan Terrha, where Aasif Raza Mir plays the role of a thief who has come to rob the old couple, but is treated with so much love and kindness that he apologizes and repents before leaving.

Bushra Ansari and Asaam Qazi star in a TV serial about a young social climber who tricks the daughter of a rich man into marrying him and uses her to get ahead. Eventually his wife realizes that she was just a pawn and leaves him. The drama was widely popular at the time and reflected marital relations in Pakistani society. The TV serial also sent out a powerful message to women of that time, and was viewed as groundbreaking in its depictions of marital relationships in a rapidly transforming and industrialized society.

Sangchoor – 1990

Proofread & Supervised by—Swaleha Alam Shahzada, Executive Director

The Queen of Ghazal: Iqbal Bano

The citizens archive of pakistan, waheed murad, untold stories of pakistan's independence, pakistani women of arts and culture, 1947 through the looking lens, the story share initiative, get to know squash champion hashim khan, remnants of a separation, noor jehan: the queen of melody, the queen of hearts, nasreddin murat-khan (1904-1970).