- DOI: 10.54254/2753-7064/38/20240160
- Corpus ID: 270791265
Using Corpus Linguistics as a Tool in Legal Interpretation
- Xiaoqiang Wu
- Published in Communications in Humanities… 26 June 2024
- Law, Linguistics
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Title: scaling synthetic data creation with 1,000,000,000 personas.
Abstract: We propose a novel persona-driven data synthesis methodology that leverages various perspectives within a large language model (LLM) to create diverse synthetic data. To fully exploit this methodology at scale, we introduce Persona Hub -- a collection of 1 billion diverse personas automatically curated from web data. These 1 billion personas (~13% of the world's total population), acting as distributed carriers of world knowledge, can tap into almost every perspective encapsulated within the LLM, thereby facilitating the creation of diverse synthetic data at scale for various scenarios. By showcasing Persona Hub's use cases in synthesizing high-quality mathematical and logical reasoning problems, instructions (i.e., user prompts), knowledge-rich texts, game NPCs and tools (functions) at scale, we demonstrate persona-driven data synthesis is versatile, scalable, flexible, and easy to use, potentially driving a paradigm shift in synthetic data creation and applications in practice, which may have a profound impact on LLM research and development.
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| Subjects: | Computation and Language (cs.CL); Machine Learning (cs.LG) |
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WHAT IS PHONOLOGY
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Aneuk Ajeuwardi
Hikmat Ahmed
This article aims to analyze and discuss phonology material. The problems that will be discussed in this research are: (1) what are the theories in phonology? ,(2) what are vowels ? , (3) what is english consonant ? The research method used is library research method (Pustaka research). Data collection techniques are carried out by collecting data or analytical materials sourced from books, journals, magazines or scientific articles and other documents. The data analysis test was carried out by identifying, reviewing, discussing discussions regarding phonology The result of the research shows that phonology is the science of the vocabulary of language sounds and their distribution. Phonology is defined as the study of language which studies the sounds of the language produced by the human speech apparatus.
Phonology is the study of the patterns of sounds in a language and across languages. Put more formally, phonology is the study of the categorical organisation of speech sounds in languages; how speech sounds are organised in the mind and used to convey meaning. In this section of the website, we will describe the most common phonological processes and introduce the concepts of underlying representations for sounds versus what is actually produced, the surface form. Phonology can be related to many linguistic disciplines, including psycholinguistics, cognitive science, sociolinguistics and language acquisition. Principles of phonology can also be applied to treatments of speech pathologies and innovations in technology. In terms of speech recognition, systems can be designed to translate spoken data into text. In this way, computers process the language like our brains do. The same processes that occur in the mind of a human when producing and receiving language occur in machines.
Bujing Safitri
Language is a system of sound symbols used by humans for communication purposes. Therefore, teaching English essentially has the same scope and purpose cultivate the ability to express thoughts and feelings by using good and correct language so that someone can communicate well and correctly. There are many theoretical studies on this language. One of the studies about phonology. As a prospective educator, you should understand the study about this phonology to be used as a guide to teach lessons English. The author feels the need to compile this paper in order to help authors in particular and readers in generally to know about the boundaries and studies of phonology, some understanding of sound systems, phonetic studies, phonemic studies, English phonological symptoms.
Marie Huffman
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- Published: 24 June 2024
Bound star clusters observed in a lensed galaxy 460 Myr after the Big Bang
- Angela Adamo ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-8192-8091 1 ,
- Larry D. Bradley 2 na1 ,
- Eros Vanzella ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-5228-9326 3 na1 ,
- Adélaïde Claeyssens 1 ,
- Brian Welch 4 , 5 ,
- Jose M. Diego ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-9065-3926 6 ,
- Guillaume Mahler 7 , 8 , 9 ,
- Masamune Oguri ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-3484-399X 10 , 11 ,
- Keren Sharon ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-7559-0864 12 ,
- Abdurro’uf 2 , 13 ,
- Tiger Yu-Yang Hsiao 2 , 13 ,
- Xinfeng Xu ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-9217-7051 14 , 15 ,
- Matteo Messa ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-1427-2456 3 ,
- Augusto E. Lassen ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-3575-8316 1 , 16 ,
- Erik Zackrisson 17 , 18 ,
- Gabriel Brammer ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-2680-005X 19 , 20 ,
- Dan Coe ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-7410-7669 2 , 13 , 21 ,
- Vasily Kokorev ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-5588-9156 22 ,
- Massimo Ricotti 4 ,
- Adi Zitrin ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-0350-4488 23 ,
- Seiji Fujimoto ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-7201-5066 24 ,
- Akio K. Inoue ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-7779-8677 25 , 26 ,
- Tom Resseguier ORCID: orcid.org/0009-0007-0522-7326 13 ,
- Jane R. Rigby ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-7627-6551 5 ,
- Yolanda Jiménez-Teja 27 , 28 ,
- Rogier A. Windhorst 29 ,
- Takuya Hashimoto 30 , 31 &
- Yoichi Tamura ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-4807-8117 32
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- Early universe
- Galaxies and clusters
The Cosmic Gems arc is among the brightest and highly magnified galaxies observed at redshift z ∼ 10.2 1 . However, it is an intrinsically UV faint galaxy, in the range of those now thought to drive the reionization of the universe 2–4 . Hitherto the smallest features resolved in a galaxy at a comparable redshift are between a few hundreds and a few tens of parsecs 5,6 . Here we report JWST observations of the Cosmic Gems. The light of the galaxy is resolved into five star clusters located in a region smaller than 70 parsec. They exhibit minimal dust attenuation and low metallicity, ages younger than 50 Myr and intrinsic masses of ∼ 10 6 M ⊙ . Their lensing-corrected sizes are approximately 1 pc, resulting in stellar surface densities near 10 5 M ⊙ /pc 2 , three orders of magnitude higher than typical young star clusters in the local universe 7 . Despite the uncertainties inherent to the lensing model, they are consistent with being gravitationally bound stellar systems, i.e., proto-globular clusters (proto-GCs). We conclude that star cluster formation and feedback likely contributed to 3 shape the properties of galaxies during the epoch of reionization.
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A highly magnified star at redshift 6.2
Spectroscopic confirmation of a mature galaxy cluster at a redshift of 2
Normal, dust-obscured galaxies in the epoch of reionization
Author information.
These authors contributed equally: Larry D. Bradley, Eros Vanzella
Authors and Affiliations
Astronomy Department, Stockholm University & Oskar Klein Centre, Roslagstullsbacken 21, Stockholm, Sweden
Angela Adamo, Adélaïde Claeyssens & Augusto E. Lassen
Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI), 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD, USA
Larry D. Bradley, Abdurro’uf, Tiger Yu-Yang Hsiao & Dan Coe
Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, INAF, via Gobetti 93/3, Bologna, Italy
Eros Vanzella & Matteo Messa
Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, 4296 Stadium Drive, College Park, USA
Brian Welch & Massimo Ricotti
Astrophysics Science Division, Code 660, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Rd., Greenbelt, MD, USA
Brian Welch & Jane R. Rigby
Instituto de Física de Cantabria, (CSIC-UC), Avda. Los Castros s/n., Santander, Spain
Jose M. Diego
STAR Institute,Quartier Agora - Allée du six Août, 19c, Liège, Belgium
Guillaume Mahler
Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Durham University, South Road, Durham, UK
Institute for Computational Cosmology, Durham University, South Road, Durham, UK
Center for Frontier Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
Masamune Oguri
Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, 1085 S. University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
Keren Sharon
Center for Astrophysical Sciences, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St., Baltimore, MD, USA
Abdurro’uf, Tiger Yu-Yang Hsiao, Dan Coe & Tom Resseguier
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, USA
Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, 1800 Sherman Avenue, Evanston, IL, USA
Instituto de Física, Departamento de Astronomia, Universe Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Augusto E. Lassen
Observational Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, Uppsala, Sweden
Erik Zackrisson
Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study, Linneanum, Thunbergsvägen 2, Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), Copenhagen, Denmark
Gabriel Brammer
Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 128, Copenhagen, Denmark
Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) for the European Space Agency (ESA), STScI, Baltimore, MD, USA
Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, Landleven 12, Groningen, Netherlands
Vasily Kokorev
Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Be’er-Sheva, Israel
Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
Seiji Fujimoto
Department of Physics, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
Akio K. Inoue
Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, (CSIC), Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n., Granada, Spain
Yolanda Jiménez-Teja
Observatório Nacional, (MCTI), Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
Rogier A. Windhorst
Division of Physics, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
Takuya Hashimoto
Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe (TCHoU), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
Yoichi Tamura
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Correspondence to Angela Adamo .
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Adamo, A., Bradley, L.D., Vanzella, E. et al. Bound star clusters observed in a lensed galaxy 460 Myr after the Big Bang. Nature (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07703-7
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IMAGES
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COMMENTS
part of the phoneme system of German, and contrast. systematically with an otherwise similar subsystem, that of the voiceless consonants /p, t, k/. Seen ab-. stractly, a phoneme is nothing but the ...
The central task within phonology (as well as in speech technology, etc.) is to explain the variability and the patterning -- the "behavior" -- of speech sounds. What are regarded as functionally the 'same' units, whether word, syllable, or phoneme, show considerable physical variation depending on context and style of speaking, not to ...
This paper reviews selected eight articles on the issue of phonological knowledge and reading development in both native and English as Second Language (ESL) context. I n finding the trends and patterns across all eight ... answer research question 3, a content analysis was conducted by analyzing their research questions, findings and focus. ...
This phonological analysis investigated the English vowel sounds as the central phenomena represented by letters descriptively and qualitatively. It was supported by the theories proposed by ...
Introduction. This paper addresses several general issues in the connection between morphology and phonology, where morphology is understood to involve generalizations about form and meaning that relate words to one another within a language, and phonology is understood to involve generalizations about the sound patterns in that language.
Although phonetics and phonology both concern the study of speech, linguists have tradi-. tionally considered these as different areas of study. Phonetics subsumes the physical aspects. of speech ...
These two facets of the relationship between phonology and phonetics are discussed in light of their implications for an understanding of phonology and phonetics and their relationship. 1. Introduction. The aim of this paper is to consider the different ways in which phonology and phonetics interact.
Phonology - the study of how the sounds of speech are represented in our minds - is one of the core areas of linguistic theory, and is central to the study of human language. This state-of-the-art handbook brings together the world's leading experts in phonology to present the most comprehensive and detailed overview of the field to date.
Objectives. To understand how stylistic phonetics can help with the interpretation and understanding of meaning. To understand how writers use phonetics and phonology self-consciously to construct meaning. Stylistic phonetics deals with the analysis of sounds in literature, using tools and approaches from linguistics.
See Full PDF Download PDF Chapter 1 - Phonetics and phonology: understanding the sounds of speech Robert Kirchner, University of Alberta Introduction In most fields of study, language is thought of principally in terms of the written word, for it is in this form that we usually make permanent records of important ideas.
1 What is phonology? KEY TERMS. symbol transcriptionPREVIEWThis chapter introduces phonology, the study of t. e sound systems of language. Its key objective is to: explain the difference between physical sound and "a sound" as a. grammar continuous nature of speech. highlight the tradeoff between accuracy and usefulness in.
Overview of the special issue. In this special issue, we gather together six articles which broadly deal with phonetic and phonological aspects of speech disorders in children (pre-school and school-aged) and adults (adolescents and adults) across various languages. What follows is an outline of the main themes underscored in this special issue and a brief introduction to the contributed papers.
The present paper looks at the problems which Iranian learners are deal with through learning English according to the differences between their segmental and suprasegmental patterns in phonology. Comparing the Persian vowel system with that of English reveals some significant differences in the following three areas: 1) the number of vowels, 2 ...
Few concepts in phonetics and phonology research are as. widely used and as vaguely de fi ned as is the notion of promi-. nence. At the crossroads of signal and structure, of stress and. accent ...
The idea is to give students an inicial familiarity vvirh the fascinating and challenging world of sounds "in action', and to encourage them into dose criticai exploration where the issues might not be readily accessible. Key words- Phonetic; Phonology; Pronunciation; Language acquisition; Language teaching; Morphology; Applied linguistics 1.
All the languages in the world sound so different because the way the languages use speech sounds to form patterns differs from language to language. The study of how speech sounds form patterns is. phonology. Phonology tells us what sounds are in a language, how they do and can combine into words, and explains why certain phonetic features are ...
LING 331 Phonology I: Introduction to phonological theory and analysis Course description and objectives Contemporary phonological theory. Aspects of Generative Phonology and basic con-cepts of Optimality Theory will be explored. Advantages and shortcomings of these theories will be discussed. Models integrating notions borrowed from cognitive sci-
ity, Foreign Language Teaching Department. Her research area is Morphology, Morphological Awareness, Lexical Approach in ELT, Bilingua. sm, Multilingualism and Sociolinguistics. She has been currently researching English language te. 18. d Linguistic Studies, 13(1) (2017) 10-26the types of instructions to be provided to respo. dent.
Phonology is the systematic study of the sounds used in language, their internal structure, and their composition into syllables, words and phrases. Computational phonology is the application of ...
Bearing this in mind, this paper aims to delve into pronunciation from a CEFR-oriented perspective by (i) exploring the skills and competences required to be considered as proficient language users with specific reference to phonetics and phonology on part of language learners and (ii) describing the standards of teaching profession with regard ...
Language and Linguistics Compass is a unique linguistics journal publishing topical and significant research ... ever-changing threats to society. This paper reviews the current research landscape on audio deepfakes. We assert that limitations of existing approaches to deepfake detection and discernment are areas where (socio)linguists can ...
Over the past decade, the application of corpus linguistics in legal interpretation has received attention from a group of scholars that engage in legal academics and linguistics. When the law takes into account the distribution of language usage, the application of corpus linguistics can help with addressing legal challenges. Before concluding that corpus analysis is optimally persuasive, the ...
Phonics is a method of teaching learners, particularly children, to read by correlating sounds with symbols in an alphabetic writing system. It therefore merges three language skills-reading ...
View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract: We propose a novel persona-driven data synthesis methodology that leverages various perspectives within a large language model (LLM) to create diverse synthetic data. To fully exploit this methodology at scale, we introduce Persona Hub -- a collection of 1 billion diverse personas automatically curated from web data.
English Phonology. Indi Doley. Phonology is the study of the patterns of sounds in a language and across languages. Put more formally, phonology is the study of the categorical organisation of speech sounds in languages; how speech sounds are organised in the mind and used to convey meaning.
The Cosmic Gems arc is among the brightest and highly magnified galaxies observed at redshift z ∼ 10.21. However, it is an intrinsically UV faint galaxy, in the range of those now thought to ...
designed to give a sketch of major theoretical and methodological approaches in English. linguistics. Linguistic theories are no less superfluous than, for example, Newton's theory of ...