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- Transition Words & Phrases | List & Examples
Transition Words & Phrases | List & Examples
Published on May 29, 2020 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on August 23, 2023.
Transition words and phrases (also called linking words, connecting words, or transitional words) are used to link together different ideas in your text. They help the reader to follow your arguments by expressing the relationships between different sentences or parts of a sentence.
The proposed solution to the problem did not work. Therefore , we attempted a second solution. However , this solution was also unsuccessful.
For clear writing, it’s essential to understand the meaning of transition words and use them correctly.
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Table of contents
When and how to use transition words, types and examples of transition words, common mistakes with transition words, other interesting articles.
Transition words commonly appear at the start of a new sentence or clause (followed by a comma ), serving to express how this clause relates to the previous one.
Transition words can also appear in the middle of a clause. It’s important to place them correctly to convey the meaning you intend.
Example text with and without transition words
The text below describes all the events it needs to, but it does not use any transition words to connect them. Because of this, it’s not clear exactly how these different events are related or what point the author is making by telling us about them.
If we add some transition words at appropriate moments, the text reads more smoothly and the relationship among the events described becomes clearer.
Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. Consequently , France and the United Kingdom declared war on Germany. The Soviet Union initially worked with Germany in order to partition Poland. However , Germany invaded the Soviet Union in 1941.
Don’t overuse transition words
While transition words are essential to clear writing, it’s possible to use too many of them. Consider the following example, in which the overuse of linking words slows down the text and makes it feel repetitive.
In this case the best way to fix the problem is to simplify the text so that fewer linking words are needed.
The key to using transition words effectively is striking the right balance. It is difficult to follow the logic of a text with no transition words, but a text where every sentence begins with a transition word can feel over-explained.
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There are four main types of transition word: additive, adversative, causal, and sequential. Within each category, words are divided into several more specific functions.
Remember that transition words with similar meanings are not necessarily interchangeable. It’s important to understand the meaning of all the transition words you use. If unsure, consult a dictionary to find the precise definition.
Additive transition words
Additive transition words introduce new information or examples. They can be used to expand upon, compare with, or clarify the preceding text.
Function | Example sentence | Transition words and phrases |
---|---|---|
Addition | We found that the mixture was effective. , it appeared to have additional effects we had not predicted. | indeed, furthermore, moreover, additionally, and, also, both and , not only but also , , in fact |
Introduction | Several researchers have previously explored this topic. , Smith (2014) examined the effects of … | such as, like, particularly, including, as an illustration, for example, for instance, in particular, to illustrate, especially, notably |
Reference | The solution showed a high degree of absorption. , it is reasonable to conclude that … | considering , regarding , in regard to , as for , concerning , the fact that , on the subject of |
Similarity | It was not possible to establish a correlation between these variables. , the connection between and remains unclear … | similarly, in the same way, by the same token, in like manner, equally, likewise |
Clarification | The patient suffered several side effects, increased appetite, decreased libido, and disordered sleep. | that is (to say), namely, specifically, more precisely, in other words |
Adversative transition words
Adversative transition words always signal a contrast of some kind. They can be used to introduce information that disagrees or contrasts with the preceding text.
Function | Example sentence | Transition words and phrases |
---|---|---|
Conflict | The novel does deal with the theme of family. , its central theme is more broadly political … | but, however, although, though, equally, by way of contrast, while, on the other hand, (and) yet, whereas, in contrast, (when) in fact, conversely, whereas |
Concession | Jones (2011) argues that the novel reflects Russian politics of the time. this is correct, other aspects of the text must also be considered. | even so, nonetheless, nevertheless, even though, on the other hand, admittedly, despite , notwithstanding , (and) still, although, , regardless (of ), (and) yet, though, granted |
Dismissal | It remains unclear which of these hypotheses is correct. , it can be inferred that … | regardless, either way, whatever the case, in any/either event, in any/either case, at any rate, all the same |
Emphasis | The chemical is generally thought to have corrosive properties. , several studies have supported this hypothesis. | above all, indeed, more/most importantly |
Replacement | The character of Godfrey is often viewed as selfish, self-absorbed. | (or) at least, (or) rather, instead, or (perhaps) even, if not |
Causal transition words
Causal transition words are used to describe cause and effect. They can be used to express purpose, consequence, and condition.
Function | Example sentence | Transition words and phrases |
---|---|---|
Consequence | Hitler failed to respond to the British ultimatum, France and the UK declared war on Germany. | therefore, because (of ), as a result (of ), for this reason, in view of , as, owing to x, due to (the fact that), since, consequently, in consequence, as a consequence, hence, thus, so (that), accordingly, so much (so) that, under the/such circumstances, if so |
Condition | We qualified survey responses as positive the participant selected “agree” or “strongly agree.” , results were recorded as negative. | (even/only) if/when, on (the) condition that, in the case that, granted (that), provided/providing that, in case, in the event that, as/so long as, unless, given that, being that, inasmuch/insofar as, in that case, in (all) other cases, if so/not, otherwise |
Purpose | We used accurate recording equipment our results would be as precise as possible. | to, in order to/that, for the purpose of, in the hope that, so that, to the end that, lest, with this in mind, so as to, so that, to ensure (that) |
Sequential transition words
Sequential transition words indicate a sequence, whether it’s the order in which events occurred chronologically or the order you’re presenting them in your text. They can be used for signposting in academic texts.
Function | Example sentence | Transition words and phrases |
---|---|---|
Enumeration | This has historically had several consequences: , the conflict is not given the weight of other conflicts in historical narratives. , its causes are inadequately understood. , … | first, second, third… |
Initiation | , I want to consider the role played by women in this period. | in the first place, initially, first of all, to begin with, at first |
Continuation | , I discuss the way in which the country’s various ethnic minorities were affected by the conflict. | subsequently, previously, eventually, next, before , afterwards, after , then |
Conclusion | , I consider these two themes in combination. | to conclude (with), as a final point, eventually, at last, last but not least, finally, lastly |
Resumption | my main argument, it is clear that … | to return/returning to , to resume, at any rate |
Summation | Patel (2015) comes to a similar conclusion. , the four studies considered here suggest a consensus that the solution is effective. | as previously stated/mentioned, in summary, as I have argued, overall, as has been mentioned, to summarize, briefly, given these points, in view of , as has been noted, in conclusion, in sum, altogether, in short |
Transition words are often used incorrectly. Make sure you understand the proper usage of transition words and phrases, and remember that words with similar meanings don’t necessarily work the same way grammatically.
Misused transition words can make your writing unclear or illogical. Your audience will be easily lost if you misrepresent the connections between your sentences and ideas.
Confused use of therefore
“Therefore” and similar cause-and-effect words are used to state that something is the result of, or follows logically from, the previous. Make sure not to use these words in a way that implies illogical connections.
- We asked participants to rate their satisfaction with their work from 1 to 10. Therefore , the average satisfaction among participants was 7.5.
The use of “therefore” in this example is illogical: it suggests that the result of 7.5 follows logically from the question being asked, when in fact many other results were possible. To fix this, we simply remove the word “therefore.”
- We asked participants to rate their satisfaction with their work from 1 to 10. The average satisfaction among participants was 7.5.
Starting a sentence with also , and , or so
While the words “also,” “and,” and “so” are used in academic writing, they are considered too informal when used at the start of a sentence.
- Also , a second round of testing was carried out.
To fix this issue, we can either move the transition word to a different point in the sentence or use a more formal alternative.
- A second round of testing was also carried out.
- Additionally , a second round of testing was carried out.
Transition words creating sentence fragments
Words like “although” and “because” are called subordinating conjunctions . This means that they introduce clauses which cannot stand on their own. A clause introduced by one of these words should always follow or be followed by another clause in the same sentence.
The second sentence in this example is a fragment, because it consists only of the “although” clause.
- Smith (2015) argues that the period should be reassessed. Although other researchers disagree.
We can fix this in two different ways. One option is to combine the two sentences into one using a comma. The other option is to use a different transition word that does not create this problem, like “however.”
- Smith (2015) argues that the period should be reassessed, although other researchers disagree.
- Smith (2015) argues that the period should be reassessed. However , other researchers disagree.
And vs. as well as
Students often use the phrase “ as well as ” in place of “and,” but its usage is slightly different. Using “and” suggests that the things you’re listing are of equal importance, while “as well as” introduces additional information that is less important.
- Chapter 1 discusses some background information on Woolf, as well as presenting my analysis of To the Lighthouse .
In this example, the analysis is more important than the background information. To fix this mistake, we can use “and,” or we can change the order of the sentence so that the most important information comes first. Note that we add a comma before “as well as” but not before “and.”
- Chapter 1 discusses some background information on Woolf and presents my analysis of To the Lighthouse .
- Chapter 1 presents my analysis of To the Lighthouse , as well as discussing some background information on Woolf.
Note that in fixed phrases like “both x and y ,” you must use “and,” not “as well as.”
- Both my results as well as my interpretations are presented below.
- Both my results and my interpretations are presented below.
Use of and/or
The combination of transition words “and/or” should generally be avoided in academic writing. It makes your text look messy and is usually unnecessary to your meaning.
First consider whether you really do mean “and/or” and not just “and” or “or.” If you are certain that you need both, it’s best to separate them to make your meaning as clear as possible.
- Participants were asked whether they used the bus and/or the train.
- Participants were asked whether they used the bus, the train, or both.
Archaic transition words
Words like “hereby,” “therewith,” and most others formed by the combination of “here,” “there,” or “where” with a preposition are typically avoided in modern academic writing. Using them makes your writing feel old-fashioned and strained and can sometimes obscure your meaning.
- Poverty is best understood as a disease. Hereby , we not only see that it is hereditary, but acknowledge its devastating effects on a person’s health.
These words should usually be replaced with a more explicit phrasing expressing how the current statement relates to the preceding one.
- Poverty is best understood as a disease. Understanding it as such , we not only see that it is hereditary, but also acknowledge its devastating effects on a person’s health.
Using a paraphrasing tool for clear writing
With the use of certain tools, you can make your writing clear. One of these tools is a paraphrasing tool . One thing the tool does is help your sentences make more sense. It has different modes where it checks how your text can be improved. For example, automatically adding transition words where needed.
If you want to know more about AI for academic writing, AI tools, or writing rules make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!
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200+ Linking Words – Full List, Examples
| Candace Osmond
Candace Osmond
Candace Osmond studied Advanced Writing & Editing Essentials at MHC. She’s been an International and USA TODAY Bestselling Author for over a decade. And she’s worked as an Editor for several mid-sized publications. Candace has a keen eye for content editing and a high degree of expertise in Fiction.
Worried that your essay lacks structure and coherence? Perhaps you should use linking words, transition words, or connectors to give it a boost.
Linking words join separate sentences to improve writing flow. You can also find them mid-sentence to connect clauses.
Read on as I show you the definition and types of linking words in English. I also list examples of linking words under every category, and I whipped up a helpful worksheet to test your skills.
What Are Linking Words?
Linking words, transition words, or connecting words in the English language help connect ideas and sentences when speaking or writing.
Linking words and phrases are connectors or transitional phrases. They are also part of formal language, so you’ll find them in academic writing, opinion writing, critical essays, dialectic essays , journalism, and business documents.
Some linking verbs link clauses within a sentence, such as although, in case, and whatever. That means you can find them in the middle of sentences from time to time. Others link two complete sentences, such as besides, as a result, and however.
List of Transition Words
Now that you know the meaning of transition words, let’s look at the usage of transition words in sentences and clauses. Don’t worry, I’ll break it all down for you!
Below, I’ve got a list of linking words and phrases to serve as alternative choices for connecting ideas in writing. Note that there are several types of transition words which we will discuss later.
Agreement/Addition/Similarity
Linking words may help the reader understand additional comments or ideas in a statement. They may also express agreement or similarities. These words are also called additive transition words, commonly found in expository essays and narrative essays.
- In the first place
- As a matter of fact
- In like manner
- In addition
- Not only, but also
- Coupled with
- In the same way
- In the same manner
- First, second, third
- Not to mention
- In the light of
- By the same token
- Additionally
- Correspondingly
- Furthermore
- Comparatively
- At the same time
- Together with
- Identically
Here are some examples of additive linking words in a sentence.
- The group found that a constructivist approach leads to higher test scores. Moreover, essay examinations show higher levels of learning.
- The resort has tennis courts. Furthermore, it has an Olympic pool.
Negative Ideas
Some linking words come in pairs to join negative ideas.
- Not, neither
- Neither, nor
Here are sentence examples of linking words showing negative ideas.
- I haven’t seen Lory, neither have I talked to her friend.
- I neither drink nor smoke.
Opposition/Limitation/Contradiction
Whereas some linking words show an extra idea, these transition phrases and words express contrasting ideas in writing.
- Although this may be true
- In contrast
- (and) still
- Notwithstanding
- Different from
- Of course…, but
- On the other hand
- On the contrary
- Be that as it may
- Nonetheless
- Even so/though
- Nevertheless
- In spite of
Here are some sentences with linking words of opposition.
- The short story can be analyzed using a functionalist lens. However, its historical theme is better understood with a critical perspective.
- As much as I want to go, I must take care of my sister.
Some linking words show relationships between ideas by accepting an idea with reservation instead of showing complete opposition. Here are some examples.
- All the same
- Regardless of this
- Up to a point
Here are some sentence examples.
- Many citizens opposed this unfair policy, which the president nevertheless enacted.
- I like him even if we have different views in life.
Cause/Condition/Purpose
You may also use linking words in your writing piece to show conditions and purpose for a logical flow of ideas. Words like reason get the reader ready to understand why. These words are commonly found in hypothesis essays.
- In the event that
- Granted (that)
- Provided that
- On (the) condition (that)
- For the purpose of
- With this intention
- With this in mind
- In the hope that
- Inasmuch as
- To the end that
- For fear that
- In order to
- Seeing/being that
- The researchers used this method so that the results would be valid, reliable, and aligned with the objectives.
- I will not be attending the seminar due to a high fever.
Examples/Support/Emphasis
You can also use transition words in your piece of writing that show examples or support of an idea.
- In other words
- To put it differently
- For one thing
- In particular
- As an illustration
- In this case
- For example
- For instance
- For this reason
- To put it another way
- To demonstrate
- That is to say
- With attention to
- By all means
- To emphasize
- To enumerate
- Particularly
- Significantly
- Specifically
- Surprisingly
- Important to realize
- Another key point
- On the negative side
- First thing to remember
- Must be remembered
- To point out
- Point often overlooked
- She visited several cities, namely Portland, Jacksonville, Charleston, and Hartford.
- Transition words improve writing flow. For instance, we use further to add extra ideas related to the previous statement.
Effect/Consequence/Result
You might also spot transitional devices for essays that show consequences, results, and effects.
- As a result
- In that case
- Under those circumstances
- Accordingly
- Consequently
Consider the examples below.
- We watered the plant for seven days. In effect, it grew three inches taller.
- Because she didn’t study for the test, Anna failed and had to retake it.
Conclusion/Summary/Restatement
These words and phrases show transitions between sentences to show conclusions. You’ll find these words in essay conclusions of different essay types.
- In simple language
- In explanation
- In lay terms
- In a nutshell
- As can be seen
- In simple terms
- Generally speaking
- All things considered
- As shown above
- In the final analysis
- In the long run
- In either case
- Given these points
- As has been noted
- In any event
- On the whole
- By and large
- For the most part
- In conclusion
- To summarize
Note that in lay terms and in explanation are formal alternative choices to “ in a nutshell.”
Here are some examples.
- Matter is a material that occupies space and has mass. In simple language, it is any physical substance.
- I don’t want to climb the corporate ladder. After all, money isn’t everything.
Time/Chronology/Sequence
Linking words’ other role in writing is to show sequence or chronology. Under the time category, these phrases add a meaning of time. You can find these words in an essay introduction when the writer explains how the paper is structured.
- In due time
- From time to time
- At the present time
- Sooner or later
- Up to the present time
- To begin with
- Straightaway
- In the meantime
- In a moment
- Without delay
- All of a sudden
- At this instant
- First, second
- By the time
- Immediately
- Occasionally
- I watched the movie on television. Eventually, I fell asleep.
- First, fill the pan with water. Then, bring it to a boil.
Space/Location/Place
The following transition words are famous adverbial expressions that limit or modify space. Some of these words and phrases are also transition words of time.
- In the middle of
- To the left/right
- In front of
- On this side
- In the distance
- In the foreground
- In the background
- In the center of
- Adjacent to
- Opposite to
Below are sentence examples using transition words of space.
- My house is located behind the building.
- To the left of the supermarket is a flower shop.
Common Mistakes With Transition Words
Transition words help you create a flow of arguments for readers to understand what you’re saying. But misused transition words and phrases will make your writing unclear. Avoid these mistakes to give your readers a better experience.
Starting a Sentence With So, And, and Also
Both so and and are coordinating conjunctions, which means they can start independent clauses that stand on their own. But it’s not recommended to use these words and also as sentence starters in formal writing. For example:
- Incorrect: Also, there are unauthorized charges on my credit card account.
- Correct: Furthermore, there are unauthorized charges on my credit card account.
Combination of Transition Words And/Or
When writing an essay, avoid English transition words and/or because it makes your paper look messy. Instead, consider whether you need both connectors or only one of them. If you need them both, try this alternative.
- Incorrect: boat and/or plane.
- Correct: boat, plane, or both.
Using As Well As as Alternative to And
As well as has a different meaning from the transition word and. And means you’re listing something of equal importance. Meanwhile, as well as is for additional, less essential information. Here’s an example.
- Incorrect: In this paper, I discuss my movie analysis as well as provide recommendations for improvement.
- Correct: In this paper, I discuss my movie analysis and provide recommendations for improvement.
Archaic Words
Your writing may not make any sense to readers if you overuse archaic transition words like therewith .
For example, hereby means as a result. We can replace it with more modern and explicit phrasing expressing how the current statement is connected to the previous statement.
Linking Words Summary
A linking word is a term that connects different ideas in your text, whether they are contrasting, supporting, or adding. They can improve your writing and help it flow better, I promise!
Regardless of the style of writing, every piece of writing contains linking words to show perfect transitions. I hope my guide on the definition and list of transitions helps you use these words and phrases correctly. Memorize each category, and don’t overuse them in essays.
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The Ultimate List of Linking Words for Your Essay
Let’s face it: You can’t write an essay (or any other writing piece) without linking words.
Also known as connecting words or transition words, they serve to make your writing flow and help those reading your work follow the flow of your thoughts, ideas , and arguments .
This post is your guide to linking words and their role in writing. Not only will you learn the types of these words, examples, and reasons to use them, but you’ll also get a massive list of transition words and phrases as well as linking words PDF to download and use whenever necessary.
Table of Contents:
What are Linking Words?
Why use transition words in essays, linking words examples, addition/agreement/similarity, contrast/contradiction/limitation/opposition, comparison/concession/condition, clarification, cause/effect/result, emphasis/example, generalization, illustration, location/place/space, reason/reference, time/sequence, summary/conclusion/restatement.
- The Ultimate List of Linking Words: Download
Linking words are lexical items (words and phrases) we use to connect ideas in writing and get a reader to the next sentence or paragraph.
They aren’t about essay writing only:
Whether you write a fiction book, marketing content , academic works, autobiography , or poems, you’ll need to connect ideas. That’s what transition words do:
They link your thoughts and arguments into a chain to show how they relate to each other. Also known as transition words, these phrases often start a sentence or a paragraph. However, you’ll also use them in the middle of sentences to bring ideas together.
The most common places for linking words in essays are:
- the start of a paragraph
- the start of a sentence introducing a new idea or extending an argument
- the beginning of a concluding statement
Essay linking words is an integral part of academic writing. Put it simply, you can’t write a paper without using them; otherwise, your writing won’t make any sense for readers.
Transition words for essay serve to:
- connect ideas in writing
- create a flow of thoughts and arguments for readers to understand what you want to say
- guide readers from one idea to another, demonstrating how they relate to each other
- hook readers and encourage them to read the next sentence or paragraph
- add more information
- support or contrast a point
- show the result, conclude, demonstrate an effect of this or that point
Using essay maker and connecting words, each sentence and paragraph must pass readers on to the next one. These connecting words serve as an instrument to guide readers from one thought or point to the next.
Linking words examples are many, and it’s clear why: every piece of writing contains tons of connecting and transition words. Let’s take an essay sample from Bid4Papers writers to see the example of linking words in academic writing:
This one was an essay introduction .
Now, why not take a step further and look for essay linking words in essay conclusions ?
Types and List of Linking Words to Use in Essays
Below you’ll find the ultimate list of transition words for essays by categories. Choose the role you need a word to play (reason, contrast, emphasis, restatement, etc.) and consider the corresponding table of transitions.
If you need the whole transition words list in one place, jump to the next category of this post to find the downloadable linking words pdf.
And now, for connecting words categories:
These words serve to add info to what you’ve previously stated, demonstrate the commonality between arguments, and support your thoughts.
in the first place again moreover in like manner also of course in the same fashion/way identically correspondingly not to mention additionally just as… so too apart from this last | not only … but also to as well as in addition then likewise first, second, third uniquely similarly to say nothing of too along with further moreover | as a matter of fact and together with coupled with equally comparatively in the light of like furthermore as by the same token besides coupled with not to mention |
Linking words for contrast is your instrument to show how things are different and provide counterarguments. They work best in persuasive and critical essays.
however nevertheless nonetheless in contrast/in comparison while whereas conversely differing from even so although this may be true otherwise albeit besides be that as it may | still although / even though though on the other hand on the contrary alternatively in opposition instead nor different from at the same time even though then again regardless | but yet despite / in spite of as opposed to contrarily contrary to rather though unlike of course …, but albeit above all in reality after all |
These lexical items will help you if you need to provide conditions to your statements, show how things are different/similar, or accept a point with reservation.
similarly likewise also compare(d) to / with not only…but also alike equally in a similar manner in common still another although this may be true as on the condition that only if admittedly all the same even though however despite | like just as just like as with both by the same token in like manner in the same way because of even if given that since then unless although and still and yet nevertheless nonetheless | similar to same as compare correspondingly either equal most important resembles similarly granted that if in that case when whenever while be that as it may even if even so up to a point |
These words will help you with personal or narrative essays: They are linking words in opinion writing that indicates you’re going to explore ideas in more detail.
Expository essays will win with these words too.
I mean in explanation in lay terms to clearly define to explain | in other words in simple terms simply put to put it clearly to put it in another way | simply stated that is to say to break it down to simplify to make plain |
Cause and effect connecting words do what their name says exactly: demonstrating a cause of some point and providing the result of what has been done or started.
if in case granted (that) … then for the purpose of when so that in the hope that while due to in view of while lest hence | provided that as/so long as unless with this intention whenever so as to to the end that for fear that because of so as a result as a consequence (of) for this reason thereupon | given that on (the) condition (that) only/even if with this in mind since owing to inasmuch as in order to as seeing / being that therefore thus consequently forthwith then |
These words are for putting forward your point more forcefully, providing examples.
undoubtedly indeed obviously for instance that is (i.e.) such as chiefly clearly definitely it should be noted naturally never to repeat on the negative side significantly on the positives side to enumerate another key point first thing to remember to emphasize to put it another way truly | generally admittedly in fact including namely specifically especially even importantly obviously of course particularly / in particular truly with this in mind point often overlooked frequently to explain by all means surely in this case to demonstrate for this reason | particularly / in particular especially for example to illustrate above all absolutely in detail in truth indeed positively surprisingly to clarify with attention without a doubt specifically most compelling evidence expressively that is to say with attention to certainly for one thing as an illustration to be sure |
Perfect transition words for hypothesis essays , generalization lexical items serve to make a general statement you’ll then specify and prove in detail.
as a rule broadly speaking commonly mostly normally often | for the most part generally speaking in general/ generally predominately regularly typically | in most cases mainly more often than not on the whole overall |
These words and phrases are for you to provide examples in essays.
as an example of for example/ for instance for one thing like namely on this occasion | illustrated by in another case in the case of proof of this specifically such as | in this case in this situation including to demonstrate to clarify to simplify |
Use these words to provide order and reference or clarify spatial relationships between your points or ideas.
in the middle here further on this side where wherever in the foreground near alongside down beneath adjacent to underneath around | to the left/right there beyond in the distance from around in the background above up beside opposite to under surrounding at the rear | in front of next nearby here and there over before in the center of below among behind between across on top/on bottom adjacent |
These transitional words will help you demonstrate relationships between ideas and provide reasons for what and why has started or occurred.
because of for the purpose of given that seeing that so that with this in mind as applied to as far as concerning the fact that | granted that in fact in order to with this intention with this purpose for considering in connection to in terms with regards to | in view of owing to provided that because since as regarding speaking about/of with respect to examples of these might be: |
Use these words in your essay when you need to indicate the time and order of what you say.
at the present time after henceforth at the same time until meanwhile in due time then first, second as long as forthwith in the meantime by the time in the first place next formerly instantly quickly | from time to time later whenever up to the present time till further until now before in time when straight away in a moment whenever all of a sudden now suddenly presently finally | sooner or later last eventually to begin with since during as soon as hence prior to once without delay about at this instant now that immediately shortly occasionally another |
Restatement words will help you express an alternative to what you previously stated. They work for all essay types, including rhetorical precis and dialectic essays .
Use summary and conclusion transitional phrases to sum up your points and come up with the final paragraph of your writing.
as can be seen after all overall all things considered in conclusion by and large given these points in essence in any event for the most part altogether as noted therefore | generally speaking in fact ordinarily as shown above in short to sum up as has been noted to summarize in either case in the end as you can see to conclude | in the final analysis in summary usually in the long run in brief on the whole in a word on balance all in all in the final analysis finally given these points ultimately |
The Ultimate List of Connecting Words: Download
And now, for the most interesting and practical part:
Below you can find the linking words worksheet that gathers all the most commonly used transitional words in essays. Feel free to download this linking words PDF and refer to it every time you write an essay and experience writer’s block:
Do you need more guides and worksheets like this to assist you with academic writing? Please share your ideas in the comments, and our writers will be happy to help!
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Our Writing Guides
75 linking words for academic writing (+examples)
Linking words play an important role in academic writing: They connect different paragraphs, sections or ideas in a text. Therefore, they considerably improve the readability and argumentation of academic texts such as a thesis, dissertation, essay or journal publication. This list of 75 linking words includes examples of how they can be used in academic writing.
Linking words expressing order and sequence in academic writing
Example: First, I review the existing literature on cross-border collaboration. Second, I explain the methodology …
Example: The event increased public awareness of this issue. Afterwards, politicians debated it more openly.
Example: Before scientists discovered the role of neurons in information processing, they assumed that…
Linking words expressing additions in academic writing
Example: Additionally, the interviewee lamented a lack of attention to his work.
Example: Besides the public outreach component, we wrote a handbook to disseminate the research results in the academic community.
Example: The financial compensation was also appreciated by the study participants.
Linking words expressing cause and effect in academic writing
Example: As the number of studies increases, better conclusions can be drawn.
Example: The literature highlights the importance of age and physical fitness. Consequently, these factors will be investigated further.
Linking words expressing contrasts and comparisons in academic writing
Example: Many scholars have explored this issue. Yet, to date, no inclusive framework exists to explain…
Example: People often stated that they are aware of the rules whereas they behaved as if they did not.
Example: E qually important, however, is the role of personal beliefs in decision-making processes.
If you are looking to elevate your writing and editing skills, I highly recommend enrolling in the course “ Good with Words: Writing and Editing Specialization “, which is a 4 course series offered by the University of Michigan. This comprehensive program is conveniently available as an online course on Coursera, allowing you to learn at your own pace. Plus, upon successful completion, you’ll have the opportunity to earn a valuable certificate to showcase your newfound expertise!
Linking words expressing emphasis in academic writing
Example: Indeed, motivation turned out to be a defining factor of academic success.
Example: More importantly, the findings underscore the importance of conflict resolution.
Linking words expressing illustrations in academic writing
Example: Many interviewees were nervous. For example, when asked to describe the event, some of them started to stutter.
Linking words expressing summaries and conclusions in academic writing
Example: In conclusion, the reviewed literature highlights a clear research gap.
Example: In short, scholars call for more research on climate change mitigation.
Linking words expressing conditionality in academic writing
Example: As long as the conditions do not change, the results should remain stable.
Example: Even if more experiments are conducted, human behaviour remains hard to predict.
Linking words expressing generalisations in academic writing
Example: Commonly, this criterion is used for categorising plants.
Linking words expressing concessions in academic writing
Example: Regardless of their genetic makeup, mice showcased the same symptoms.
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Useful Linking Words and Phrases to Use in Your Essays
By: Author Sophia
Posted on Last updated: October 26, 2023
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Linking words and phrases are used to show relationships between ideas. They can be used to join two or more sentences or clauses.
We can use linking words to give a result , add information , summarize , give illustrations , emphasize a point , sequence information , compare or to contrast idea .
Useful Linking Words and Phrases
In this article, you will learn about the most common linking words and phrases:
Giving a Result
Usage : To provide the result of what has been stated or has occurred
Linking W ords :
- As a result
- As a consequence
- Consequently
- For this reason
- His wife left him. As a result , he became very depressed.
- She has lived in France, and as a consequence she speaks French fluently.
- We do not have enough money. T herefore we cannot afford to buy the new car.
- We do not own the building. Thus , it would be impossible for us to make any major changes to it.
- There has been a great deal of rain and consequently the reservoirs are full.
- The customer was displeased with her meal, hence the chef prepared a replacement.
- For this reason , they are not a good choice for exterior use.
- Due to a broken wing, this bird can’t fly.
Adding Information
Usage : To add to what has been previously stated
Linking Words:
- Additionally / an additional
- Furthermore
- As well as that
- In addition
- In addition to this
- Apart from this
- Additionally , the bus service will run on Sundays, every two hours.
- He said he had not discussed the matter with her. Furthermore , he had not even contacted her.
- We are unable to repair this watch. Also , this is the fourth time this has happened.
- I love wearing earrings. I design and make them too .
- We went to the park today. As well as that , we did some shopping.
- Along with parties and parliaments, elections have lost their charm.
- I can’t afford to go to the concert. Besides , I don’t really like classical music.
- You haven’t paid the rent yet. In addition , you owe me money.
- The report is badly presented. Moreover , it contains inaccuracies.
- John’s grades are terrible because he has been so lazy these days. In addition to this , his relationship to his parents got worse.
- Apart from this paragraph, the report contains a number of sensible initiatives.
Summarizing
Usage : To sump up what has been previously stated
Linking words :
- In conclusion
- To summarize
- To conclude
- In conclusion , walking is a cheap, safe, enjoyable and readily available form of exercise.
- To summarize , this is a clever approach to a common problem.
- The food was good and we loved the music. Altogether it was a great evening.
- His novels belong to a great but vanished age. They are, in short , old-fashioned.
- To sum up , there are three main ways of tackling the problem…
- In summary , this was a disappointing performance.
- Briefly , our team is now one of the best in the world.
- To conclude , I want to wish you all a very happy holiday season.
Giving Examples
Usage : To provide examples
Linking words:
- For example/ For instance
- In this case
- Proof of this
- There are many interesting places to visit in the city, for example / for instance , the botanical garden or the art museum.
- I prefer to wear casual clothes, such as jeans and a sweatshirt.
- Including Christmas Day and Boxing Day, I’ve got a week off work.
- We need to concentrate on our target audience, namely women aged between 20 and 30.
- I think I would have made a difference in this case .
- This building are a living proof of this existence, so we must preserve it.
- I also make other jewellery like rings and bracelets.
Emphasizing a Point
Usage : To put forward a point or idea more forcefully
- Undoubtedly
- Particularly / in particular
- Importantly
- Without a doubt
- It should be noted
- Unquestionably
- Undoubtedly , the story itself is one of the main attractions.
- I don’t mind at all. Indeed , I would be delighted to help.
- Obviously , we don’t want to spend too much money.
- I love silver earrings, in particular ones from Mexico
- The car is quite small, especially if you have children.
- Clearly , this will cost a lot more than we realized.
- More importantly , can he be trusted?
- He’s an absolutely brilliant cook.
- I definitely remember sending the letter.
- We still believe we can win this series without a doubt .
- I’m neve r surprised at what I do.
- It should be noted that if you have something to note, then note it
- Unquestionably , teaching has been a paramount part of his career.
- Above all , this forest is designed for wear and tear.
- This is positively the worst thing that I can even imagine.
Sequencing Ideas
Usage : To indicate the order of what is being said
- First/ firstly (Second/ secondly, Third/ thirdly, Finally)
- At this time
- Subsequently
- Lastly and most importantly
- Last but not least
- First and foremost
- Firstly , I prefer the train because I can see the landscape.
- At this time , the young man leapt into the air and flew off towards sunset.
- They arrived on Monday evening and we got there the following day.
- I had visited them three days previously .
- Your name is before mine on the list.
- Subsequently , new guidelines were issued to all employees.
- Above all , keep in touch.
- Lastly, and most importantly , you should be optimistic.
- Last but not least , I find I seriously cannot relate to women.
- We will continue to focus on our players first and foremost .
Comparing Ideas
Usage: To show how things are similar
- Compare / compare(d) to(with)
- By the same token
- In the same way
- Correspondingly
- Similarly , the basketball and hockey games draw nearly full attendance.
- Equally , not all customers are honest.
- Her second marriage was likewise unhappy.
- She’s just as smart as her sister.
- Working with housecats is just like working with lions or tigers.
- Some people say I have a running style similar to him.
- Having a power is not the same as using the power.
- He gets the ball off quickly compared to two years ago.
- Teenagers should be more respectful; by the same token , parents should be more understanding.
- Alex enjoys telling jokes; in the same way/similarly/likewise ,his son adores funny stories.
- Correspondingly , the roles each of them played were soon different.
Contrasting Ideas
Usage : To show how things are different
- Nevertheless
- On the other hand
- Nonetheless
- Despite / in spite of
- In contrast (to)
- Alternatively
- Differing from
- Contrary to
- Unlike most systems, this one is very easy to install.
- There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the law. Nevertheless , it is important that we try.
- Laptops are convenient; O n the other hand , they can be expensive.
- The problems are not serious. Nonetheless , we shall need to tackle them soon.
- Despite/ In spite of the rain, I went for a walk.
- In contrast to the diligent bee, the butterfly flies hither and yon with no apparent purpose.
- The agency will make travel arrangements for you. Alternatively , you can organize your own transport.
- Northern European countries had a great summer. On the contrary/conversely , Southern Europe had poor weather.
- Even so , many old friends were shocked at the announcement.
- Differing from his white colleagues, he preferred instructing his scholars to the ambition of acquiring personal renown.
- The situation in Ireland is quite contrary to this principle.
Linking Words for Essays | Images
Below is a handy list of words that are both useful and appropriate to academic language:
Other linking words to give an example or an illustration:
- In this case,
- In another case
- Take the case of
- To illustrate
- As an
- Illustration
- To take another example
- That is
- As shown by
- As illustrated by
- As expressed by
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Sunday 26th of November 2023
Must say extremely helpful . Stranded as I was nd I found this .theeeee best 10 /10
Momovi Burain
Thursday 10th of November 2022
Very very educational
Sunday 16th of October 2022
what the dog doing
Tuesday 23rd of August 2022
good website with good information
Friday 21st of January 2022
dijah said it is goooooooooooooooooood
Transitional Words and Phrases
One of your primary goals as a writer is to present ideas in a clear and understandable way. To help readers move through your complex ideas, you want to be intentional about how you structure your paper as a whole as well as how you form the individual paragraphs that comprise it. In order to think through the challenges of presenting your ideas articulately, logically, and in ways that seem natural to your readers, check out some of these resources: Developing a Thesis Statement , Paragraphing , and Developing Strategic Transitions: Writing that Establishes Relationships and Connections Between Ideas.
While clear writing is mostly achieved through the deliberate sequencing of your ideas across your entire paper, you can guide readers through the connections you’re making by using transitional words in individual sentences. Transitional words and phrases can create powerful links between your ideas and can help your reader understand your paper’s logic.
In what follows, we’ve included a list of frequently used transitional words and phrases that can help you establish how your various ideas relate to each other. We’ve divided these words and phrases into categories based on the common kinds of relationships writers establish between ideas.
Two recommendations: Use these transitions strategically by making sure that the word or phrase you’re choosing matches the logic of the relationship you’re emphasizing or the connection you’re making. All of these words and phrases have different meanings, nuances, and connotations, so before using a particular transitional word in your paper, be sure you understand its meaning and usage completely, and be sure that it’s the right match for your paper’s logic. Use these transitional words and phrases sparingly because if you use too many of them, your readers might feel like you are overexplaining connections that are already clear.
Categories of Transition Words and Phrases
Causation Chronology Combinations Contrast Example
Importance Location Similarity Clarification Concession
Conclusion Intensification Purpose Summary
Transitions to help establish some of the most common kinds of relationships
Causation– Connecting instigator(s) to consequence(s).
accordingly as a result and so because
consequently for that reason hence on account of
since therefore thus
Chronology– Connecting what issues in regard to when they occur.
after afterwards always at length during earlier following immediately in the meantime
later never next now once simultaneously so far sometimes
soon subsequently then this time until now when whenever while
Combinations Lists– Connecting numerous events. Part/Whole– Connecting numerous elements that make up something bigger.
additionally again also and, or, not as a result besides even more
finally first, firstly further furthermore in addition in the first place in the second place
last, lastly moreover next second, secondly, etc. too
Contrast– Connecting two things by focusing on their differences.
after all although and yet at the same time but
despite however in contrast nevertheless nonetheless notwithstanding
on the contrary on the other hand otherwise though yet
Example– Connecting a general idea to a particular instance of this idea.
as an illustration e.g., (from a Latin abbreviation for “for example”)
for example for instance specifically that is
to demonstrate to illustrate
Importance– Connecting what is critical to what is more inconsequential.
chiefly critically
foundationally most importantly
of less importance primarily
Location– Connecting elements according to where they are placed in relationship to each other.
above adjacent to below beyond
centrally here nearby neighboring on
opposite to peripherally there wherever
Similarity– Connecting to things by suggesting that they are in some way alike.
by the same token in like manner
in similar fashion here in the same way
likewise wherever
Other kinds of transitional words and phrases Clarification
i.e., (from a Latin abbreviation for “that is”) in other words
that is that is to say to clarify to explain
to put it another way to rephrase it
granted it is true
naturally of course
finally lastly
in conclusion in the end
to conclude
Intensification
in fact indeed no
of course surely to repeat
undoubtedly without doubt yes
for this purpose in order that
so that to that end
to this end
in brief in sum
in summary in short
to sum up to summarize
Improving Your Writing Style
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Clear, Concise Sentences
Use the active voice
Put the action in the verb
Tidy up wordy phrases
Reduce wordy verbs
Reduce prepositional phrases
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Avoid using vague nouns
Avoid unneccessarily inflated words
Avoid noun strings
Connecting Ideas Through Transitions
Using Transitional Words and Phrases
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- 40 Useful Words and Phrases for Top-Notch Essays
To be truly brilliant, an essay needs to utilise the right language. You could make a great point, but if it’s not intelligently articulated, you almost needn’t have bothered.
Developing the language skills to build an argument and to write persuasively is crucial if you’re to write outstanding essays every time. In this article, we’re going to equip you with the words and phrases you need to write a top-notch essay, along with examples of how to utilise them.
It’s by no means an exhaustive list, and there will often be other ways of using the words and phrases we describe that we won’t have room to include, but there should be more than enough below to help you make an instant improvement to your essay-writing skills.
If you’re interested in developing your language and persuasive skills, Oxford Royale offers summer courses at its Oxford Summer School , Cambridge Summer School , London Summer School , San Francisco Summer School and Yale Summer School . You can study courses to learn english , prepare for careers in law , medicine , business , engineering and leadership.
General explaining
Let’s start by looking at language for general explanations of complex points.
1. In order to
Usage: “In order to” can be used to introduce an explanation for the purpose of an argument. Example: “In order to understand X, we need first to understand Y.”
2. In other words
Usage: Use “in other words” when you want to express something in a different way (more simply), to make it easier to understand, or to emphasise or expand on a point. Example: “Frogs are amphibians. In other words, they live on the land and in the water.”
3. To put it another way
Usage: This phrase is another way of saying “in other words”, and can be used in particularly complex points, when you feel that an alternative way of wording a problem may help the reader achieve a better understanding of its significance. Example: “Plants rely on photosynthesis. To put it another way, they will die without the sun.”
4. That is to say
Usage: “That is” and “that is to say” can be used to add further detail to your explanation, or to be more precise. Example: “Whales are mammals. That is to say, they must breathe air.”
5. To that end
Usage: Use “to that end” or “to this end” in a similar way to “in order to” or “so”. Example: “Zoologists have long sought to understand how animals communicate with each other. To that end, a new study has been launched that looks at elephant sounds and their possible meanings.”
Adding additional information to support a point
Students often make the mistake of using synonyms of “and” each time they want to add further information in support of a point they’re making, or to build an argument. Here are some cleverer ways of doing this.
6. Moreover
Usage: Employ “moreover” at the start of a sentence to add extra information in support of a point you’re making. Example: “Moreover, the results of a recent piece of research provide compelling evidence in support of…”
7. Furthermore
Usage:This is also generally used at the start of a sentence, to add extra information. Example: “Furthermore, there is evidence to suggest that…”
8. What’s more
Usage: This is used in the same way as “moreover” and “furthermore”. Example: “What’s more, this isn’t the only evidence that supports this hypothesis.”
9. Likewise
Usage: Use “likewise” when you want to talk about something that agrees with what you’ve just mentioned. Example: “Scholar A believes X. Likewise, Scholar B argues compellingly in favour of this point of view.”
10. Similarly
Usage: Use “similarly” in the same way as “likewise”. Example: “Audiences at the time reacted with shock to Beethoven’s new work, because it was very different to what they were used to. Similarly, we have a tendency to react with surprise to the unfamiliar.”
11. Another key thing to remember
Usage: Use the phrase “another key point to remember” or “another key fact to remember” to introduce additional facts without using the word “also”. Example: “As a Romantic, Blake was a proponent of a closer relationship between humans and nature. Another key point to remember is that Blake was writing during the Industrial Revolution, which had a major impact on the world around him.”
12. As well as
Usage: Use “as well as” instead of “also” or “and”. Example: “Scholar A argued that this was due to X, as well as Y.”
13. Not only… but also
Usage: This wording is used to add an extra piece of information, often something that’s in some way more surprising or unexpected than the first piece of information. Example: “Not only did Edmund Hillary have the honour of being the first to reach the summit of Everest, but he was also appointed Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire.”
14. Coupled with
Usage: Used when considering two or more arguments at a time. Example: “Coupled with the literary evidence, the statistics paint a compelling view of…”
15. Firstly, secondly, thirdly…
Usage: This can be used to structure an argument, presenting facts clearly one after the other. Example: “There are many points in support of this view. Firstly, X. Secondly, Y. And thirdly, Z.
16. Not to mention/to say nothing of
Usage: “Not to mention” and “to say nothing of” can be used to add extra information with a bit of emphasis. Example: “The war caused unprecedented suffering to millions of people, not to mention its impact on the country’s economy.”
Words and phrases for demonstrating contrast
When you’re developing an argument, you will often need to present contrasting or opposing opinions or evidence – “it could show this, but it could also show this”, or “X says this, but Y disagrees”. This section covers words you can use instead of the “but” in these examples, to make your writing sound more intelligent and interesting.
17. However
Usage: Use “however” to introduce a point that disagrees with what you’ve just said. Example: “Scholar A thinks this. However, Scholar B reached a different conclusion.”
18. On the other hand
Usage: Usage of this phrase includes introducing a contrasting interpretation of the same piece of evidence, a different piece of evidence that suggests something else, or an opposing opinion. Example: “The historical evidence appears to suggest a clear-cut situation. On the other hand, the archaeological evidence presents a somewhat less straightforward picture of what happened that day.”
19. Having said that
Usage: Used in a similar manner to “on the other hand” or “but”. Example: “The historians are unanimous in telling us X, an agreement that suggests that this version of events must be an accurate account. Having said that, the archaeology tells a different story.”
20. By contrast/in comparison
Usage: Use “by contrast” or “in comparison” when you’re comparing and contrasting pieces of evidence. Example: “Scholar A’s opinion, then, is based on insufficient evidence. By contrast, Scholar B’s opinion seems more plausible.”
21. Then again
Usage: Use this to cast doubt on an assertion. Example: “Writer A asserts that this was the reason for what happened. Then again, it’s possible that he was being paid to say this.”
22. That said
Usage: This is used in the same way as “then again”. Example: “The evidence ostensibly appears to point to this conclusion. That said, much of the evidence is unreliable at best.”
Usage: Use this when you want to introduce a contrasting idea. Example: “Much of scholarship has focused on this evidence. Yet not everyone agrees that this is the most important aspect of the situation.”
Adding a proviso or acknowledging reservations
Sometimes, you may need to acknowledge a shortfalling in a piece of evidence, or add a proviso. Here are some ways of doing so.
24. Despite this
Usage: Use “despite this” or “in spite of this” when you want to outline a point that stands regardless of a shortfalling in the evidence. Example: “The sample size was small, but the results were important despite this.”
25. With this in mind
Usage: Use this when you want your reader to consider a point in the knowledge of something else. Example: “We’ve seen that the methods used in the 19th century study did not always live up to the rigorous standards expected in scientific research today, which makes it difficult to draw definite conclusions. With this in mind, let’s look at a more recent study to see how the results compare.”
26. Provided that
Usage: This means “on condition that”. You can also say “providing that” or just “providing” to mean the same thing. Example: “We may use this as evidence to support our argument, provided that we bear in mind the limitations of the methods used to obtain it.”
27. In view of/in light of
Usage: These phrases are used when something has shed light on something else. Example: “In light of the evidence from the 2013 study, we have a better understanding of…”
28. Nonetheless
Usage: This is similar to “despite this”. Example: “The study had its limitations, but it was nonetheless groundbreaking for its day.”
29. Nevertheless
Usage: This is the same as “nonetheless”. Example: “The study was flawed, but it was important nevertheless.”
30. Notwithstanding
Usage: This is another way of saying “nonetheless”. Example: “Notwithstanding the limitations of the methodology used, it was an important study in the development of how we view the workings of the human mind.”
Giving examples
Good essays always back up points with examples, but it’s going to get boring if you use the expression “for example” every time. Here are a couple of other ways of saying the same thing.
31. For instance
Example: “Some birds migrate to avoid harsher winter climates. Swallows, for instance, leave the UK in early winter and fly south…”
32. To give an illustration
Example: “To give an illustration of what I mean, let’s look at the case of…”
Signifying importance
When you want to demonstrate that a point is particularly important, there are several ways of highlighting it as such.
33. Significantly
Usage: Used to introduce a point that is loaded with meaning that might not be immediately apparent. Example: “Significantly, Tacitus omits to tell us the kind of gossip prevalent in Suetonius’ accounts of the same period.”
34. Notably
Usage: This can be used to mean “significantly” (as above), and it can also be used interchangeably with “in particular” (the example below demonstrates the first of these ways of using it). Example: “Actual figures are notably absent from Scholar A’s analysis.”
35. Importantly
Usage: Use “importantly” interchangeably with “significantly”. Example: “Importantly, Scholar A was being employed by X when he wrote this work, and was presumably therefore under pressure to portray the situation more favourably than he perhaps might otherwise have done.”
Summarising
You’ve almost made it to the end of the essay, but your work isn’t over yet. You need to end by wrapping up everything you’ve talked about, showing that you’ve considered the arguments on both sides and reached the most likely conclusion. Here are some words and phrases to help you.
36. In conclusion
Usage: Typically used to introduce the concluding paragraph or sentence of an essay, summarising what you’ve discussed in a broad overview. Example: “In conclusion, the evidence points almost exclusively to Argument A.”
37. Above all
Usage: Used to signify what you believe to be the most significant point, and the main takeaway from the essay. Example: “Above all, it seems pertinent to remember that…”
38. Persuasive
Usage: This is a useful word to use when summarising which argument you find most convincing. Example: “Scholar A’s point – that Constanze Mozart was motivated by financial gain – seems to me to be the most persuasive argument for her actions following Mozart’s death.”
39. Compelling
Usage: Use in the same way as “persuasive” above. Example: “The most compelling argument is presented by Scholar A.”
Linking Words And Phrases In English (List With Examples)
In this study guide, you will learn how to use linking words in English. You will discover the meaning of common linking words and learn how to use them in a sentence. Examples are provided to show you the sentence position and use of common linking words in English. Check out the exercises at the end to test your understanding!
What are linking words?
- Meanings & uses
- List with examples
What you will learn:
Discourse markers (‘linkers’) are words or phrases that we use to make links between words in a sentence. These discourse markers are used in both spoken and written English.
Here we will focus on discourse markers in writing and formal spoken English – commonly known as ‘linking words’. Linkers are a way of making connections between ideas and sentences.
Formal and informal linkers
Informal linking words are used in spoken English. You can link your ideas with words and phrases like: I mean , honestly , after all , besides and in any case . It is useful to learn which linking words are most appropriate in formal and informal situations. In an email, you might choose linking words such as so , but , and because . These should already be familiar.
In an essay, you are more likely to choose formal linkers, such as therefore , however , consequently, on the contrary and moreover . There are some linking words that are so formal that you may choose not to use them at all in your writing. Examples include: thus , hence and nonetheless .
Linking words and sentence position
Many linking words are used at the beginning of a sentence, while others can be used in the middle or at the end. Words and phrases connected with sequencing and structure appear at the start of a sentence. Examples include: first , secondly , finally and in conclusion . Adverbs, which express the writer’s opinion, also occur at the start of a sentence, for example evidently and obviously .
Linking words can be used between clauses, in the middle of the sentence. Examples include: words that contrast ideas ( however , although), show consequence ( therefore, as a result), and phrases that add more information ( moreover, furthermore) . A few linking words can be placed at the end of the sentence. Look at the following example: Learning a second language is motivating. It can be very difficult, however .
Punctuation
The use of punctuation with some linking words and phrases is important. Some grammar books provide you with specific rules about punctuation and clauses in a sentence. The most important reason for using punctuation in a sentence is so the reader can understand your intended meaning.
Punctuation, particularly commas , should help the reader to identify clauses in your writing and lead to a clearer understanding of the text. Look at these two example sentences – which is easier to understand?
A: To conclude the cars of the future are likely to be more environmentally friendly however this change may take many years to implement and moreover will require the support of the general public.
B: To conclude, the cars of the future are likely to be more environmentally friendly, however, this change may take many years to implement and, moreover, will require the support of the general public.
Linking words are very important in written texts. Without them, your writing may be disconnected and difficult to read. In English examinations, students are often graded on their ability to write cohesive sentences. Therefore, learning how to use linking words correctly is an important skill in learning English as a second language. The examples below will help you to understand the meaning of linking words in written texts and to improve your own linking skills!
Linking words: meanings and uses
Conjunctions are a familiar group of linking words, which join two clauses in a sentence, such as but , because or however. In fact, linking words have many different functions in a sentence and range from single words to phrases of up to four words. The categories below show the most common types of linking words.
Sequencing First, secondly, subsequently, finally
Words like first , second and finally appear at the start of a sentence. They help the reader to navigate their way through the text. They are used in essays but also in instructions, for example recipes.
Adding information In addition, also, furthermore, what is more
These linking words are used to give additional information or to strengthen our argument.
Comparison Similarly, equally, likewise
We use these linking words to add further examples or to make connections between ideas.
Giving examples For example, for instance, e.g., such as
Use these linking words to give examples.
Consequence Consequently, therefore, as a result, hence
These linking words can be used to describe how one idea logically follows another.
Generalisation On the whole, generally, in general
These linking words are usually positioned at the start of a sentence. They are used before a general statement.
Summing up To sum up, in summary, to summarise, to conclude, in conclusion
These types of phrases are commonly used to start the final section of an essay. They are also used in formal spoken English, for example a speech or the TV news, to signal to the listener that the speech is coming to an end.
Contrasting However, on the other hand, conversely, in contrast, rather, while, whereas
These linking words are used to introduce an idea or argument that contrasts with what has been said before. In an essay, they are useful for introducing, for example, the disadvantages in an advantages and disadvantages essay. The use of rather in this context is very formal.
Stating fact In fact, as a matter of fact, actually
These types of linking words can be used to signal to the reader that the writer’s meaning is different to what the reader expects.
Concession Although, despite, in spite of, even though
These linking words are used to show that we acknowledge another person’s opinion, even if we may not agree with it.
A-Z List of common linking words with examples
The list below includes all the commonly used linking words in written English. Example sentences are also provided to help you understand them in context.
Additionally Additionally , students should complete at least 3 hours of homework per week.
As a result In recent years, few students have studied languages at school. As a result , the number of people taking language courses at degree level has decreased.
But It is important to adjust your mirrors, but do not do this while driving your car.
Consequently John did not study hard for his exams. Consequently , his grades was disappointing.
Conversely People who have no savings often have trouble when applying for bank loans. Conversely , those who already have savings find it much easier to get credit.
Equally Studying languages face-to-face has a positive impact on learning. Equally , online learning can allow students to progress quickly.
Firstly, secondly, etc. Firstly , we’d like to say a warm welcome to all our new undergrads. Secondly , we’d like to remind you that students should attend all lectures on time for the duration of the semester.
For example You should wear suitable clothing for this trip. For example , a waterproof coat and a warm hat.
For instance You can substitute some ingredients in this recipe. For instance , honey can be used instead of sugar.
Furthermore In my opinion, the government should provide adequate guidance on physical exercise. Furthermore , I believe it has a duty to advise the public on health and diet.
Generally (speaking) Generally , working from home is less stressful and more productive than working in a noisy office.
Hence Mark had inherited a lot of money from his grandmother; hence the large house.
However Sports facilities, such as gyms and swimming pools, help people to keep fit. However , people also need motivation to help them improve their health.
In addition As a community, we should do more to improve our wellbeing. In addition , the government should start a new advertising campaign to promote health and fitness nationwide.
In conclusion In conclusion , the advantages of tourism outweigh the disadvantages.
In contrast Working from home can save time and money. In contrast , commuting long distances to work every day can be time-consuming and expensive.
In fact We didn’t enjoy the film. In fact , it was pretty terrible!
In general In general , working from home is more convenient than travelling to the office.
In particular Young children are influenced by the people around them, in particular their parents.
In spite of this Tony was not offered a place at his chosen university. In spite of this , he achieved a first class degree and went on to have a successful career.
Likewise Squirrels feed on hard grains and nuts, using their sharp front cutting teeth to break up their food. Likewise , rats are able to gnaw through hard materials.
Moreover Children from less affluent households were reported to read less. Moreover , children who did not have books in the house were found to be much more likely to have a low reading age.
Nevertheless You should try to eat five portions of fruit and vegetables a day and reduce your fat intake. Nevertheless , any changes you can make to your diet will have a positive effect.
Nonetheless The disadvantages of living in a city include noise and pollution. Nonetheless , the majority of people still choose to live in urban areas.
On the contrary On the contrary , many students chose universities that showed a good standard of teaching rather than a high ranking.
On the other hand Tourism can have a positive effect on the wealth of a country. On the other hand , it can also have a negative impact on the environment.
On the whole On the whole , most students prefer informal tutorial groups to large group lectures.
Rather Rob wasn’t successful in the interview, rather he was given some advice on improving his application.
So I really love Spanish culture, so I’m looking forward to my trip to Madrid next month.
Such as Stringed instruments, such as the violin and the cello, are among the most difficult to learn.
Therefore Sue broke her leg. Therefore , she was unable to attend work for a month.
Thus The availability of high-sugar and high-fat foods has had an impact on people’s health; thus , the rate of obesity is increasing.
To conclude To conclude , a child’s home background has a dramatic effect on their educational achievement.
To summarise To summarise , consumer habits are changing: there has been a marked increase in the amount of clothing and technology sold online during the pandemic.
To sum up To sum up , learning a new skill, like a language, can be challenging, but it is also rewarding.
Similarly Similarly , increasing the price of fuel and raising parking charges may discourage people from driving into city centres.
Still Digital technology has made working from home easier. Still , many people prefer the social contact of going to their workplace.
What is more Too much screen time may affect children’s activity levels. What is more , extended time spent using electronic devices may have a negative impact on their eyesight.
Whereas Boys tend to develop physical skills, such as jumping, at a young age, whereas girls tend to develop fine motor skills.
While While men still make up the largest proportion of students on science courses, the number of women is steadily increasing.
Yet The penalties for breaking the law are high, yet some people continue to commit crimes.
Linking words: exercises
- Which of these groups of linking words show consequence? a. however, although, but b. therefore, so, as a result c. for example, such as d. to conclude, in summary, to sum up
- Which of these groups of linking words are used to contrast ideas? a. however, although, but b. therefore, so, as a result c. for example, such as d. to conclude, in summary, to sum up
- Which linking word does not belong in this group? a. on the whole b. in general c. as a result d. generally
- Which statement is correct? a. Linking words can be positioned at the start, middle or end of a sentence. b. Linking words can be positioned at the start or end of a sentence. c. There are no rules about where linking words can be positioned in a sentence. d. Linking words can be positioned at the middle or end of a sentence.
- Which word is spelled incorrectly ? a. nonethemless b. consequently c. similarly d. likewise
- Which word has a similar meaning to ‘sum up’? a. in conclusion b. in addition c. in contrast
- I eat lots of vegetables, _______________ carrots, broccoli and peppers. a. such as b. similarly c. therefore
- Jason’s income has decreased in recent months, ________ he needs to be careful with money. a. although b. therefore c. however
- The weather here reaches around -10ºC in winter, ________ the summer is quite warm. a. whereas b. so c. in addition
- _____________ measure the dry ingredients and put them in a bowl. a. in spite of this b. first c. hence
- You can use a paper dictionary to check vocabulary. _________, you can use an electronic dictionary. a. in any case b. subsequently c. equally d. for instance
- Eating healthy food can have an impact on your weight and your health. ____________, you should try to limit your consumption of fatty food. a. rather b. in particular c. despite this d. while
- There are many ways to read a book electronically. _________, many people still choose to buy paperback books. a. to sum up b. yet c. for example d. what is more
- Many people like the convenience of working solo from home. _____________, working with other people can be more motivating. a. for instance b. therefore c. nonetheless d. conversely
- Which word does not fit in this group of linking words? a . on the other hand b. nevertheless c. however d. finally
- Which word does not fit in this group of linking words? a. as a matter of fact b. in fact c. whereas d. actually
- Which linking words are used to add information? a. similarly, equally, likewise b. to conclude, in conclusion, in summary c. on the other hand, whereas, however d. in addition, furthermore, what is more
- Which linking words are used to make comparisons? a. similarly, equally, likewise b. to conclude, in conclusion, in summary c. on the other hand, whereas, however d. in addition, furthermore, what is more
- Which linking words are used for summing up? a. similarly, equally, likewise b. to conclude, in conclusion, in summary c. on the other hand, whereas, however d. in addition, furthermore, what is more
- Which linking words are used to contrast ideas? a. similarly, equally, likewise b. to conclude, in conclusion, in summary c. on the other hand, whereas, however d. in addition, furthermore, what is more
————————————————————————————————————–
- nonetheless
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IELTS Preparation with Liz: Free IELTS Tips and Lessons, 2024
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Linking Words for IELTS Writing Task 2
The linking words list below is essential for IELTS writing task 2 for high score. The examiner needs to see a range of linking words in your essay to award you a high score for the criterion of Coherence and Cohesion which is 25% of your marks. You will be checked on your range, accuracy and your flexibility of linking words in IELTS writing task 2. These connecting words are suitable for all types of essay writing as well as GT IELTS writing task 2
These words are often used to either put your paragraphs in order or used inside the paragraph to highlight and organise your supporting points. However, using “Firstly” and “Secondly” to start each body paragraph is considered “mechanical” which means it is like a machine and this isn’t good for people aiming for band 7 and above. So, being flexible using a combination of linking words is better.
- another point to consider
- a further consideration
- another issue
- lastly /last but not least / finally
Adding Information
You will need to support your main points in your IELTS essay. These linkers inform the reader that extra information is about to be presented.
- in addition
- additionally
- furthermore
- not only … but also
Giving Examples
It is often useful to give examples to support your ideas in IELTS writing task 2. Make sure you use this range of linking words to do so.
- for example
- one clear example is
- for instance
- to illustrate
- in other words
To learn how to put examples in sentences for essay writing, please follow this link: How to Add Examples to Essays .
Results and Consequences
These linking devices can be used for solution essays or any essay when you need to explain the consequences of something.
- as a result
- consequently
- for this reason
Highlighting and Stressing
It is important to be clear about what you mean in your essay. These linking words help you stress particular points.
- particularly
- in particular
- specifically
Concessions and Contrasts
You often need to give opposite ideas, particularly for discussion essays so the linking words below will help you show the reader when you want to introduce an opposite point. Also you might want to give exceptions to a rule for a concession.
- nevertheless
- even though
- in spite of
- on the other hand
- by contrast
- in comparison
- alternatively
- another option could be
Reasons and Causes
These connecting words will help you explain reasons and causes for something which is very common in IELTS writing task 2, especially for cause / solution essays.
Giving your Opinion
- in my opinion
- I concur / agree
- I disagree / I cannot accept
Don’t make a mistake with the way you express your opinion. Watch this video for useful tips on giving your opinion and how to avoid mistakes: IELTS ESSAY: WHEN & HOW to give your opinion
Linking Words for Conclusion
Which is the best? In a nutshell, To sum up, To conclude, In conclusion, Rounding off,
Practice with Linking Words
Improve your use of linking words by fill in the gaps below with linking words from the above list.
- . (1) …………………….. of the popularity of Facebook, there has been a rise in online crime, (2) ………….. fraud and identify theft.
- There are a number of drawbacks to people using Facebook as a way of communicating (3) ………………… it is (4) …………….. one of the most common social networking platforms for both individuals and businesses.
- (5) ……………………….. the lack of exercise taken by average people, obesity and other weight related problems are on the rise.
- Unemployment and poverty, (6) ………….. in urban areas, is often deemed to be the cause of the rising crime rate.
- (7) …………… the rise in urban crime, more and more people continue to relocate to cities looking for a better life.
- More children are becoming obese and (8) …………….. schools should be encouraged to provide more sports lessons and outdoor activities.
Click below to reveal the answers:
- You cannot have despite because the preposition of in the sentence prevents this being used.
- like is not possible because it is not suitable for formal writing in IELTS.
- ( you can’t have “because of” because it is at the beginning of a sentence. Never use but or because at the start of a sentence in formal IELTS writing.)
- particularly / especially / specifically
- If you wanted to use the word “although”, you would have to change the sentence structure:
- Although the urban crime rate is rising, more and more people are continuing to relocate to cities looking for a better life.
- therefore / so / for this reason
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Dear Liz I see lots of model essays have linking words at the start of paragraphs. Is that important? Do I need to use a linking word in most sentences? Is the word HOWEVER a higher band score than BUT? Thanks
These are all good questions. Linking words are part of the marking criterion of Coherence & Cohesion, which counts for 25% of your marks. Linking words should be used flexibly if you are aiming for a score over band 6. If you use linking words at the start of all or almost all sentences, this is called “mechanical” use of linking words and that means you are using linking words like a machine (stamping them in the same place each time). When you use linking words that way, it is a feature of band 6. For band 7 and above, you must be more flexible. Not all sentences will need a linking word and not all linking words need to be the first word of a sentence. For body paragraphs, a discussion essay might have two body paragraphs which both start with a linking word, for example “On the one hand …..On the other hand”. This is fine. For for an Opinion Essay, the way you start each body paragraph will depend on the main points and you should aim for flexibility.
One linking word does not have a higher score than the other. Your aim is to use a range. For example, don’t repeat the word “although”, you can use despite or in spite of . When you proof read your essay, look out for repeated linking words and change them before your time is up.
What about “besides” at the beginning of a sentence?
Yes, but in some countries, such as Vietnam, this linking word is very much overused. But it is possible to use it.
Good to know that, thank you!
Maam, can you suggest me some sentence structures for writing both tasks?
See my Grammar E-book for writing task 2 in my store: https://elizabethferguson.podia.com/ . For writing task 1, see my model answers and lessons which you can use to analyse sentence structures yourself.
Hi Liz thanks mam for your extraordinary IELTS free writing task 2. It is very helpful for me. Thank you very much mam and take my love
You’re welcome 🙂
Hi liz, Could you please provide the marking scheme writing and reading module of IELTS or in other words I am asking for the factors on which student’s band score is decided.
You can find those linked in the main sections for Writing Task 1, Writing Task 2 and Reading, which are all linked by the RED Menu Bar at the top of the website. Marking for reading is based on correct or incorrect answers, but for the writing and speaking test, it’s based on marking criteria. You can also find a link by clicking on the TEST INFO option on the RED Menu Bar which shows band score information.
I just saw on the IDP IELTS website it says, “Don’t overuse basic linking words like firstly (instead, try using ‘The first reason for/ The primary reason for this”). Is that really better? Can I continue using ‘firstly’ like you do?
Sincerely, Draven
It is fine to use it. But don’t then use Secondly, Thirdly. When you write like a machine, you get a lower score in Coherence and Cohesion, which counts for 25% of your marks. You could try: Firstly / Another point to consider The first point to consider is / A further consideration it You shouldn’t just learn one option. The linking words you use will depend on the points you want to present. You must learn how to use them flexibily.
liz thank you lot for making all videos. take care of you
Hello Liz, Thank you for this very educative blog. when giving examples in task 2 writing for the academic test, are correct statistics important or can one just use made-up stats?
Your are marked on ideas, supporting ideas, developing ideas, but not numbers. The examiner is not going to check statistical data in task 2. The examiner is marked Task Response, Coherence & Cohesion, Vocabulary and Grammar. This means writing numbers does even help your score that much. Which is better: 1) 75% of people in urban areas feel public transport could be improved. 2) The majority of people living in urban areas feel the public transport could be improved. The second option boosts your vocab score. It is a simple essay based on relevance, not stats and research.
Hi Ms. Liz. Thank you for your lessons 🙂
Thank you very much for your lessons..you deserve to ” The most effective IELTS teacher award ” Thanks once again
It is a misfortune that IELTS mandates the use of linking words for high scores. Especially at the beginning of sentences, linking words quickly tire the reader being pushed around.
If linking words tire the reader, they are not being used properly. You are being tested on using them flexibly in a way that supports the reader.
mam I would like to share a small problem which I facing almost last 10 days in IELTS classes. I’m not good in writing even I don’t know what to write or what to add .and what to think . could you tell me how can I improve .I will looking for your generous response
You can find model essays and tips on the main writing task 2 page of this website for free: https://ieltsliz.com/ielts-writing-task-2/ . But for some people, they need more training. My advanced lessons take you step by step through each paragraph and explain the content of each type of essay. You can find these lessons in my online store: https://elizabethferguson.podia.com/ . You can also find an Ideas for Essay Topics E-book, which contains ideas and vocabulary for topics. You memorise the ideas and adapt them to your essay topic. There’s also a Grammar E-book with many examples of sentence structures to help you. Hopefully all these will help you be clearer about how to tackle an IELTS essay and what to write.
Hi Liz, Can you allocate me some of the pre-ready templates which can be used as a topic statement in starting of the paragraph.
I do not provide them because they are the worst thing to do for your IELTS essay. IELTS does not accept memorised language and the higher band scores are all about flexibility, not templates. Writing task 1 is more formulaic than task 2 because task 1 is a report and most reports are pretty standard. But writing task 2 is all about creating unique sentences connected directly to the topic. This website is about learning and preparing for IELTS the right way.
very clear explanation Liz, Thanks !
Could i use the word “To recapitulate” in position of “To Conclude”? However l really impressed a lot to see your tremendous efforts for students. THANK YOU SOO MUCH MAM. may God bless you. Love from india 🇮🇳
Yes, you can use it but it won’t increase your score.
Teacher Liz, this is just a general question. Will points be deducted if literary words/phrases are used in IELTS Writing (or Speaking). Is literary factor considered informal? Thank you very much! Looking forward to hearing from your
I’m not exactly sure what you mean as you’ve provided no examples. However, to help understand: The writing test is formal. So, this means all informal language will cause you to lose marks. The only exception is the informal letter in GT writing task 1. The speaking test is informal and you can use all types of language and be as casual as you want in chatting to the examiner. But language should be used naturally, not poetically or in an overemphasized manner. You should talk as though you were talking to a friend.
I love you mam your are such a great teacher i appreciate your work 👍
Hey liz, I wanted to ask that for conclusion using “all in all” and “to wrap it up” are correct to use or not ?
They are informal and Writing Task 2 is formal.
Hi, Liz! You said in one of your videos that “to sum up” is rather informal for IELTS writing task 2. Why is it in the concluding linkers list then? Can I use it or not?
It is an option but some examiners think it is too informal. There are no rules in IELTS which have word lists that lower your score. It is examiner interpretation. I do not teach this linking word for a conclusion, but other teachers do. This is why it is in the list. My recommendations are recommendations, not rules.
Hi Liz, all your videos are very helpful to have a quick look on the respective modules. Thank you so much for sharing them.
You’re welcome.
Thanks for response
Hello Liz 👋, is it true that reading books or newspapers will improve our writing skills. If yes, what books or newspapers can you suggest to read.
They will certainly help you develop your writing, but they won’t help you develop your writing for IELTS.
I wonder if I am allowed to use specialized words in writing task 2 (as long as they are related to the task rubrics and the usage and the collocation is contextually appropriate). For instance, if the topic of the essay is “imprisonment”, am I allowed to use words like “criminals set free might resort to recidivism”? what happens if the examiner doesn’t know that term? I already know that IELTS guidelines demand that the underlying assumption in the writing exam be the candidate is writing for an academic “non-specialist” reader. Is this fact in contradiction with using technical terms?
With regards, Reza
It is not a case of being allowed or not allowed. It is about how you use language. If you are pushing high level words into your essay for effect, the language in the essay will become unnatural and will be marked down. So, never aim to impress. However, your example is completely fine. The word “recidivism” is an appropriate word to use for that sentence. Certainly not many candidates will know this word, but it is 100% accurate and appropriate. So, my advice is to use language naturally with the right intent and appropriacy based on your level of English. The examiner will not be specialised in law or other fields – bear that in mind. Your aim here is to hit band score 8 or 9, not to showcase specialised vocabulary. This is a basic English language test, not a test of legal language for example. Pay attention to the context of the essay – it isn’t an essay for a university degree in law. You don’t need to use specialised language to achieve your aim in IELTS. I would not recommend using such specialised language that a layperson would not understand. That isn’t an IELTS rule, it is just logical – use such language as is appropriate for the audience and the context.
Many thanks for the exhaustive response. You’re simply the best in the field, bar none!
I wonder if it is appropriate to use some linking words like ‘Moreover, Furthermore, Further’ to start a new paragraph? or they should be used to link ideas in between the sentence?
Thank you, Micaela
There are no rules about this. Linking is about being logical. I personally use these linking words for within the paragraph to add more information. When starting a new body paragraph I tend to use something more flexible, such as “Another point to consider is ..” – basically indicating the start of a brand new point rather than additional information to an existing point.
Can we use listing linkers (firstly, secondly etc) for inside the paragraphs? Or is it better to use linkers for organising paragraphs?
I believe we should use the additonal information linkers to support our main idea or present extended ideas.
Any thoughts?
Best using them within paragraphs. To each paragraph, try: Firstly, Another point, Finally. But to be honest, you can’t learn formulas like this for task 2. It all depends what your ideas are as to what linking words to use. You need to learn flexibility if you want a high score. Yes, you should use a good range of linking words in your essay.
Hlo madam , tomorrow will be my ILETS exam
Hi Liz, Do we need to use comm a after these linking word . If yes then in what circumstances. For instance if we use these linking words at the start of sentence what will the case. Also what will be case if we use these linking words in middle of sentence ?
This is an aspect of grammar that you need to study in depth. In a few weeks, I’ll be releasing a Grammar E-book. It will explain all of that and much much more.
Can I use ‘For one’ instead of ‘Firstly’? Can I continue using ‘Secondly’ and ‘Finally’ with ‘For one’ or it’s not correct usage?
“For one”, is informal and not suitable for IELTS essays. Be flexible with your use of linking devices but stick with formal ones.
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Linking Words, Connecting Words: Full List and Useful Examples
Linking words (connecting words) are something we need to know in any style of writing, because it helps the reader to follow the flow of what you are saying. Whether it’s an argument in an essay , or an epic scene in a fantasy novel, your reader needs to be able to follow what you are saying. So, what are linking words, why should you bother learning them, and what does it look like in practice? Well, this guide will answer all of those questions!
Linking Words
What are linking words.
Linking words are words that connect ideas together in a piece of writing . It shows that two things are related in some way, or that the point you are making has supporting information. The difference between linking words and simple paragraph starters that we looked at previously, is that linking words can be found at the start of paragraphs, but also in the middle of sentences to connect two ideas together too.
Why Should I Learn Linking Words/Connecting Words?
The answer to this one is fairly straightforward. If you don’t know a variety of linking words to connect ideas together in a piece of writing, then you’re writing won’t make sense. In the very best case here, your reader will become confused and fail to follow the message you are trying to get across in your writing, because the bits of text that should ordinarily fit together, just won’t without the linking words there to connect them.
So, you know what they are and why you need to know them – but what are some examples of linking words? We couldn’t possibly include them all because there are literally hundreds, but hopefully by highlighting some examples and showing their importance in a sentence, you’ll be able to understand the job they do more clearly and focus on learning some other ones for yourself.
Examples of Linking Words
Linking words to add more information.
These words simply add additional information to your sentence or paragraph to show that two ideas are similar. Here are some examples:
- It started to rain and I got soaked – ‘and’ is the linking word that connects the two ideas of the individual being in the rain and getting soaked.
- It can’t be the dog’s fault nor the cat’s – ‘nor’ connects the idea that neither the cat or dog was at fault.
- We could go shopping first then get a bite to eat – ‘then’ shows that both ideas are connected, it also adds some sequence to the sentence by showing the order of things.
Linking Words to Contrast a Point
Sometimes you need to link two ideas together that are actually opposites in terms of what you are trying to say. Here are some words that will help you do that:
- Annie could have gone for a run but she decided she was too tired – ‘but’ connects two ideas that are related, but they oppose one another. She could have gone for a run, but she didn’t.
- It’s my turn to make dinner tonight although a takeout might be easier – ‘although’ provides an opposite argument again, so it links the ideas in a contrasting way.
- Carrots seemed to be the bunnies preferred food. On the other hand , lettuce was chosen second most frequently and the difference was marginal – ‘on the other hand’ shows clearly to the reader that a different point of view is coming.
Linking Words to Support a Point
If you’re trying to prove something or say something happened as a result of something else, then you will need words like the following:
- I failed my test because I didn’t study – ‘because’ gets the reader ready to learn why somebody failed their test.
- I could have done something differently, in fact we all could have – ‘in fact’ shows that the two ideas are linked together and support one another.
- Jack had been sad since his girlfriend broke up with him – ‘since’ is being used here to explain why Jack was sad, so it links the ideas again.
There are many more examples and reasons for using linking words, but if you do some more research into the different linking words that there are, you’ll be able to see how you might use them to connect two ideas together in some way. Remember, they don’t always need to support one another. Sometimes ideas are connected because they oppose one another too.
Learn more with an ultimate guide to transition words and phrases in the English language.
Complete List of Linking Words & Connecting Words
Linking words – result.
Function: To provide the result of what has been stated or has occurred
- Accordingly
- As a consequence (of)
- As a result
- Consequently
- For this reason
Connecting Words – Emphasis
Function: To put forward a point or idea more forcefully
- Importantly
- It should be noted
- Particularly / in particular
- Surprisingly
- To emphasize
- Undoubtedly
- Unquestionably
- With attention
- Without a doubt
Linking Words – Addition
Function: To add to what has been previously stated
- Additionally/an additional
- Apart from this
- As well as that
- Coupled with
- Furthermore
- In addition
- In addition to this
- In the same fashion
- Not only…but also
- Not to mention
- Together with
Linking Words – Reason
Function: To provide reasons for what has been stated or has occurred
- For the purpose of
- Granted that
- In order to
- Provided that
- Seeing that
- With this in mind
- With this intention
- With this purpose
Connecting Words – Illustration
Function: To provide examples
- As an example of
- For example/ For instance
- For one thing
- Illustrated by
- In another case
- In the case of
- In this case
- In this situation
- On this occasion
- Proof of this
- Specifically
- To demonstrate
- To demonstrate/ To clarify
- To simplify
Linking Words – Contrast
Function: To show how things are different
- Alternatively
- As opposed to
- Contrary to
- Despite/in spite of
- Differing from
- In contrast (to)
- In opposition
- Nevertheless
- Nonetheless
- Notwithstanding
- On the other hand
Linking Words – Comparison
Function: To show how things are similar
- By the same token
- Compare / compare(d) to (with)
- Correspondingly
- In a similar manner
- In like manner
- In the same way
- In the spitting image of
- Just as…so too
- Most important
- Still another
Connecting Words – Order
1. Function: To indicate the order of what is being said
- First/ firstly
- Second/ secondly
- Third/ thirdly
- At this time
- Subsequently
2. Function: To mark the end of an ascending order
- Lastly and most importantly
- Last but not least
3. Definition: To mark the beginning of a descending order
- First and foremost…
Connecting Words – Summary
Function: To sum up what has been previously stated
- All things considered
- As demonstrated above
- As shown above
- As you can see
- By and large
- Generally speaking
- Given these points
- In any event
- In conclusion
- In the final analysis
- On the whole
- To conclude
- To summarise
Linking Words – Condition
Function: To provide a condition to what has been stated
- Although this may be true
- In that case
- In the event that
- On the condition that
Connecting Words – Concession
Function: Connecting words and phrases to accept a point or idea with reservation
- All the same
- Although/Even though
- Be that as it may
- Even though
- In spite of
- Regardless of this
- Up to a point
Connecting Words – Generalisation
Function: To make a general statement
- Broadly speaking
- For the most part
- In general/ Generally
- In most cases
- More often than not
- Predominately
Connecting Words – Restatement
Function: To express an alternative to what has been previously stated
- Alternatively stated
- Expressed simply
- In a nutshell
- In other words
- In simple language
- In simple terms
- In summation
- Otherwise stated
- Put differently
- Put in another way
- Said differently
- That is to say
- To put it differently
Connecting Words – Reference
Function: To a relationship between continuing ideas presented in your essay.
- As applied to
- Considering
- In connection to
- Pertaining to
- Some examples of these might be:
- Speaking about/of
- The fact that
- With regards to
- With respect to
Connecting Words – Clarification
Function: To indicate that you will be exploring your ideas in more detail.
- In explanation
- In lay terms
- Simply stated
- To break it down
- To clearly define
- To make plain
- To put it clearly
- To put it in another way
Connecting Words – Space/ Location
Function: To clarify spatial relationships/ provide spatial order and reference.
- At the rear
- Surrounding
- To the left
Linking Words & Connecting Words Chart
Linking Words and Phrases | Video
Learn transition words video with American English pronunciation.
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Linking Words in English: What Are They and Why Do They Matter?
Published on, june 8, 2022, november 15, 2022, this article may contain affiliate links.
Without linking words, your writing will be harder for readers to understand. This article explains linking words and their importance, gives plenty of examples and provides extra guidance on the most confusing ones.
Table of contents
Have a look at these two paragraphs. Which one sounds better?
Paragraph A
There was heavy traffic. Paolo was late to work. His boss was angry with him. He tried to apologise. His boss simply refused to listen.
Paragraph B
Because of the heavy traffic, Paolo was late to work. As a result, his boss was angry with him. However, when he tried to apologise, his boss simply refused to listen.
Did you find that paragraph B sounds much better? The ideas are connected and the text sounds more sophisticated .
In fact, the only difference between the paragraphs is that, in B, we used four simple linking phrases: because of , as a result, however and when .
What are linking words?
Linking words are sometimes called linking phrases (they can be made up of more than one word), connectors or even linkers.
In short, they connect ideas together. We use them in both writing and speaking, but they are most important in writing because they provide structure to your paragraphs.
Linking words can connect two parts of one sentence. They go at the beginning of a sentence or in between the two parts:
Example 1: Although it was summer, George was wearing a thick coat. Example 2: George was wearing a thick coat although it was summer.
Linking words can also connect an idea from the previous sentence (or paragraph) to the current one:
Example: Paolo was late to work. As a result , his boss was angry with him.
Why are linking words important?
Linking words provide a structure to your writing. They also inform the reader or listener of what is to come:
Example. Maria invited all of her friends to the party. Unfortunately …
The word unfortunately here tells the reader to expect bad news regarding Maria’s party. In speaking, this helps the listener to understand the next part of the message.
Lower-level English learners ( CEFR levels A1-A2) rarely use linking words. Learners at intermediate level (B1-B2) use basic linking words. Learners at an advanced level (C1-C2) use a full range of linking words and phrases, including the tricky ones which we will look at in a moment!
Hence, as your English improves to advanced level, you will need to understand and use a wider range of connectors (such as ‘ hence ’).
Examples of linking words
There are hundreds of linking words and phrases in English. It helps to think of them in different categories, so here is a categorised list with one example of each:
Consequence
- As a result
- Consequently
Example: George was late. As a result , his boss was angry.
Additional information
- In addition
- Furthermore
Example: Social media is addictive. Moreover , it has been shown to cause depression.
Cause and effect
Example: Due to the large volume of requests, we are not accepting further applications at the moment.
Contrasting
- Even though
Example: Pedro is very tall. However , his brother is quite short.
Conditional information
Example: We will only proceed if you sign the documents.
Showing a different opinion
- On the contrary
- On the other hand
Example: People think that wine is unhealthy. On the contrary , a glass or two a day can improve longevity.
Clarification
- To be clear
- In other words
Example: These settings will disrupt the adaptive algorithms in the logic subroutines. Simply put , it will cause the computer to stop working.
- Nonetheless
- Nevertheless
Concession , or conceding, means admitting you were wrong or admitting that one part of your statement was problematic.
Example: George doesn’t believe in God. Nevertheless , he cannot explain how the universe came to exist.
- In a nutshell
- On the whole
- All things considered
Example: In this essay, we have seen the many problems related to using coal. All things considered , it is not a suitable form of energy.
Tricky linking words
Here is a list of tricky linking words. These are all words that my own students often ask me to explain.
Because/Because of
These two terms have the same meaning, but the way that we use each one is different.
Because connects two independent clauses . If we wish to ignore confusing grammar terms, this means it joins two complete sentences:
Example: The traffic was bad because it was raining.
Whereas, because of joins one complete sentence to one noun or noun phrase. (A noun phrase is simply a noun made up of more than one word.)
Example: The traffic was bad because of the rain.
More examples:
Example: George lost money because the stock market went down. Example: George lost money because of the stock market.
Conditional sentences are sentences that state a possible condition, usually with the word if , but also with words like unless .
Conditional sentences in English are quite complex. We have the first conditional, the second conditional, the third conditional and even something called the zero conditional!
Let’s look at the second conditional if sentence, the one that causes the most confusion.
Example: If I had wings, I would fly like a bird.
Immediately after the word if, we use a past tense verb… even though the sentence is not in past tense. What tense is it in? Well, that’s the tricky part. A second conditional sentence describes an imaginary situation, so we can’t really say it’s present, past or future. It’s just imaginary.
Note that we use the past tense in one part of the sentence and the modal verb would in the other. Here are some further examples:
Example: If I had a billion dollars, I would be rich. Example: George would be sad if he didn’t have any friends.
When is a pretty straightforward linking word, but it does have one quirk . What do you notice about these sentences?
Example 1: When Rafael visited, we drank root beer. Example 2: When Rafael visits, we drink root beer. Example 3: When Rafael visits, we will drink root beer.
Did you spot it? In the past tense, both sentence parts use a past tense verb. In the present tense, both sentence parts use a present tense verb. But in the future, the verb immediately following when remains in the present tense.
Incorrect : When I will go to Japan, I will visit Mount Fuji. Correct : When I visit Japan, I will visit Mount Fuji.
Why does English have such weird rules? Now that’s a good question!
My students often confuse unless and if . The meaning of unless is something similar to: if…not . This can be very confusing if you do not have a similar word in your own language.
Incorrect : I will take an umbrella unless it is raining. Correct : I will take an umbrella unless it is sunny. ( If it is not sunny)
Even though/even if
We can use even to make though or if stronger.
Be careful not to confuse these two. Even though has the same meaning as though/although , but the word ‘even’ shows that it is surprising or unexpected in some way.
Example: Even though Luigi is Italian, he doesn’t eat pasta.
Even if works the same way. The meaning is the same as if , but surprising or unexpected.
Example: Even if I had a billion dollars, I would still want more.
There are many linking words that look like you could use them to connect two parts of a sentence… but you can’t. However is the most common one.
Note the following examples:
Incorrect : I went to Mikhail’s house, however he wasn’t home. Correct : I went to Mikhail’s house. However, he wasn’t home.
We can use however to connect two ideas , but we cannot use it to join two sentence parts , like we do with but or although . We need to begin a new sentence.
Other words that are used in the same way are moreover , therefore and furthermore .
However, there is a “ workaround ”: semicolons.
Yes, I know, a semicolon is not a ‘word’, but I would like to mention it anyway.
My students often ask me what semicolons are for.
Here’s the answer. We can use a semicolon to connect any two sentences as long as the ideas in each sentence are related.
Let’s see some examples:
Incorrect : I didn’t enjoy the play it was too long. Correct : I didn’t enjoy the play; it was too long.
This is a writer’s trick. If you are not sure which linking word to use, just use a semicolon!
We can also use it to ‘correct’ sentences with however , moreover , therefore and furthermore :
Incorrect : I went to Mikhail’s house, however he wasn’t home. Correct : I went to Mikhail’s house; however, he wasn’t home.
In fact, this is a very common way to use semicolons.
Whatever/However/Whenever
When we add ‘ever’ to these words, we make them more general:
Whoever = anyone that However = any way that Whenever = anytime that Whatever = anything that Whichever = any one that Wherever = anywhere that
Here are some examples:
Example: You can come visit me whenever you want. (You can come visit me anytime that you want.)
Example: Whoever wins the contest will be rich. (Anyone who wins the contest will be rich.)
Example: You can use the information however you want. (You can use the information any way that you want.)
Again, these words are tricky because there may not be a direct translation for them in your own language. Thus, you may not think to use them when speaking English.
However, it is good to push yourself and use structures which are uncommon in your mother tongue. When you do this, you know your English is nearing an advanced level.
Improving your linking words
There are so many more linking words out there. To reach an advanced level of English, you will want to know as many as possible, and then use them in your own English. What is the best way to do this?
I have two tips that are perfect for independent learners:
1 Be curious
Every time you digest information in English, whether it is reading, watching videos or listening to podcasts, be curious. Listen out for linking words that you haven’t heard before.
When you hear a new one, write it down and see if you hear it again. After hearing it two or three times, try using it yourself.
2 Proofread
You do proofread your writing, don’t you?
Proofreading is the perfect time to go back through your text and examine the structure. Is it clear? Or should you add some linking words to help guide the reader?
Follow these tips and you will master linking words before you know it !
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15 Other Ways to Say “I Believe” in an Essay
Marcus Froland
August 24, 2024
Writing essays can be tricky, especially when it comes to expressing your opinions. Many students often overuse the phrase “I believe” in their papers. This can make your writing sound repetitive and less professional. Luckily, there are many other ways to share your thoughts and ideas in an essay.
Using different phrases can make your writing more interesting and show that you have a good grasp of language. It can also help you sound more confident in your arguments. This list will give you some great alternatives to “I believe” that you can use in your next essay. These options will help you express your views clearly and effectively, making your writing stronger overall.
1. In my opinion
Using “In my opinion” is a clear way to express your thoughts and make it known that what follows is your viewpoint. It’s like drawing a line in the sand; on one side are the facts, and on the other is your perspective. This phrase helps you present your thoughts without coming across as overbearing.
For instance, when discussing a novel, you might say, “In my opinion, the protagonist’s development was the most compelling part of the story.” This lets your readers understand that you are sharing a personal insight rather than stating a universally accepted truth. When you are analyzing evidence and need to insert your viewpoint, “In my opinion” provides the necessary framework to introduce your analysis.
Using this phrase can give your essay a personal touch while still keeping it professional. It shows you have put thought into your position and are not asserting it as the only way to view the topic.
2. I contend that
When you say “I contend that,” you’re stating your position with conviction. It’s a formal way of expressing belief, suggesting that you took the time to think about and support your opinion. Use it when you’re ready to stand firm on a particular point.
For example, you might write, “I contend that the proposed solution will significantly improve efficiency.” This shows you’re not just believing something to be true, you’re arguing for it with reason. It’s common in academic writing, where asserting your stance clearly is vital to making a strong argument.
3. From my perspective
When you’re expressing personal insights or views in your essay, the phrase “from my perspective” is a suitable alternative to “I believe.” This expression underscores that you are presenting your own viewpoint rather than stating an absolute fact. Using “from my perspective” allows you to share your stance with confidence while maintaining a sense of respect for possible alternative opinions.
For example, in discussing a literary work, you might write, “From my perspective, the protagonist’s actions are driven by a desire for acceptance rather than greed.” Or in a scientific discussion, you could say, “From my perspective, the experiment’s results suggest a need for further investigation into the cause of the anomaly.” This phrase adeptly positions your take on the matter at hand as a personal interpretation which invites readers to consider your angle without asserting it as the sole possible interpretation.
4. I am confident
When you’re writing an essay and want to present your belief strongly, you might use the phrase “I am confident.” This statement is a powerful alternative to “I believe” and shows a high level of certainty about your position. For instance, instead of writing, “I believe our city should invest more in renewable energy,” you could say, “I am confident that investing in renewable energy is essential for our city’s future.”
Using “I am confident” in your writing can make your argument sound firm. This can be particularly effective when you’re discussing evidence-based conclusions or when you wish to highlight the solid basis of your claims. However, ensure that you use this phrase when your argument is robust and you have the necessary support to back up your confidence.
5. I am convinced that
When you’re certain about your position on a topic, stating “I am convinced that” adds weight to your argument. This phrase suggests that you have thought deeply and arrived at a firm conclusion. In essay writing, it can strengthen your statements and show strong commitment to your view.
For example, if you’re discussing the benefits of renewable energy, you might write, “I am convinced that transitioning to renewable energy sources can significantly reduce our carbon footprint.” This indicates a high level of certainty and can persuade your reader to consider your viewpoint seriously.
It’s especially effective when you have evidence to back up your claim. So when you possess strong, supportive information, employ “I am convinced that” to demonstrate your confidence in your stance.
6. I am of the opinion that
“I am of the opinion that” is a formal way to express your thoughts in writing. Using this phrase, you present your viewpoint as considered and reflective rather than immediate and reactive. When you say “I am of the opinion that,” it suggests you have given the topic thoughtful consideration.
For instance, in an essay discussing environmental policies, you might write, “I am of the opinion that renewable energy sources are essential for sustainable development.” This gives your argument weight and shows that you are not claiming absolute certainty but have a well-thought-out stance.
You can also use it in more subjective discussions. Let’s say your essay analyzes a piece of literature; you could write, “I am of the opinion that the protagonist’s actions symbolize the author’s critique of society.” By choosing this phrase, your analysis is presented as one possible interpretation, inviting readers to consider your perspective.
7. This Suggests
The phrase “this suggests” is a subtle way to present your ideas. When you use it in your essay, you imply that the evidence or facts lead to a certain conclusion. This expression is especially useful when you want to propose an idea without stating it outright. For example, if you’re discussing data in a research paper, you might say, “The rapid increase in temperature this suggests a strong link to human activity.” Here, you’re hinting at a cause without directly saying “I believe.”
By using “this suggests,” you also invite your readers to consider the evidence and follow your line of thinking. This can create a sense of engagement, as you’re guiding them to make connections themselves. For instance, “This suggests that implementing the policy could have beneficial outcomes” is a gentle way of recommending a course of action based on the analysis you’ve provided.
8. I have no doubt that
When you’re sure about something and want to express it strongly in your writing, “I have no doubt that” is a powerful way to do so. This phrase leaves little room for question and indicates a high level of confidence in your statement. For instance, instead of merely suggesting, “I believe teamwork leads to success,” you could assert, “I have no doubt that teamwork is the key to success.” This not only strengthens your position but also impresses upon your reader the certainty with which you view the topic.
Using “I have no doubt that” also implies that you’ve considered the evidence or have enough expertise on the subject to make such an unequivocal statement. You might tell your readers, “I have no doubt that regular exercise improves mental health,” indicating a trust in the available information or research on the matter. In essays or any form of academic writing, such definitive language can be particularly effective when you want to make your argument seem more persuasive.
9. I stand by the belief
When you use “I stand by the belief,” you are clearly expressing a firm conviction in your position. It’s a strong stance that shows you aren’t just suggesting a possibility—you’re committed to it. Use this phrase when you’re confident about the information you’re presenting and are prepared to support it with facts and reasoning.
For example, in a discussion about environmental policies, you might write, “I stand by the belief that renewable energy sources are key to addressing climate change effectively.” This tells your reader that you have a deep and unwavering confidence in your viewpoint. Whether you are writing essays, reports, or editorials, employing this phrase underscores your steadfast standpoint without sounding aggressive. It’s especially useful in formal writing when you need to assert your opinion with conviction.
10. From my standpoint
When you use “From my standpoint,” you’re inviting your readers to see a situation or opinion from your perspective. This phrase suggests you have a unique or specific position on the topic. For example, in discussing a book, you might say, “From my standpoint, the protagonist’s actions are justifiable given the circumstances.” Or, in an argument about policy, you could write, “From my standpoint, the proposed measures will benefit the economy.”
This phrase also allows you to express your opinion without sounding too personal or biased. It gives the impression that you’ve considered the issue carefully and are presenting an angle that reflects your thoughtful analysis. Use it when you want to assert your viewpoint with confidence while still leaving room for others to share their perspectives.
It is my viewpoint that
When you wish to express a personal opinion in an essay, using “it is my viewpoint that” is a clear and formal way to do so. This phrase helps you present your opinions as considered judgments rather than just feelings. It adds a level of professionalism to your statement and can make your argument feel stronger.
Consider these examples to understand how to use this phrase:
- “It is my viewpoint that the proposed solution will not effectively address the issue at hand.”
- “Regarding the debate on climate change, it is my viewpoint that urgent action is necessary.”
Use this phrase when you’re about to introduce evidence or reasoning backing up your opinion. It tells the reader that you’ve thought about your stance and you’re ready to support it with facts.
12. I support the idea
When you want to show agreement with a particular point or concept in your essay, using the phrase “I support the idea” is a solid choice. This statement is assertive and expresses your backing for the concept without appearing imposing.
Using this phrase can be particularly effective when discussing theories or proposals that you find convincing. For example, you might write, “I support the idea that education should be accessible to everyone,” to affirm your stance on educational equality.
It’s also useful in debates or argumentative essays. If you’re aligning with a perspective presented by another author or a well-known theory, you could say, “I support the idea as argued by Smith,” which links your argument to an authoritative source.
This expression helps maintain a formal tone while clearly stating your agreement. It signals to your readers that you have considered the arguments and are endorsing a certain viewpoint.
13. I am of the view
When you want to express your opinion in a slightly formal and thoughtful way, use the phrase “I am of the view.” This expression suggests that you have considered the topic thoroughly and have formed a perspective. It’s a respectful way to share what you think without sounding too personal or casual.
For example, in a business setting, you might write, “I am of the view that this strategy will improve our market position.” In an academic essay, you could say, “Based on the evidence, I am of the view that this theory holds merit.” It’s a suitable choice for written communications where you wish to present your thoughts with a degree of professionalism and seriousness.
14. It is my perspective that
When you need to express your opinion in your writing, using “It is my perspective that” is an effective way to do it. This phrase helps you share your viewpoints clearly without sounding too informal or personal. You show the reader that you have thought about the topic and you have a particular angle or viewpoint on it.
For example, in a discussion on environmental policies, you might write, “It is my perspective that more stringent regulations are necessary to protect natural habitats.” This expression is especially useful when you wish to sound professional and academic. You put emphasis on the fact that what follows is your reasoned thought, based on your analysis or interpretation of the information. Use this phrase when you want to be taken seriously and demonstrate that your view is backed by careful consideration.
15. It seems to me that
When you use “It seems to me that,” you’re suggesting a point of view in a manner that’s open to discussion. This phrase softens your statement, implying that you’re presenting your perspective thoughtfully without asserting it as the absolute truth. For instance, if discussing a character’s motives in a book, you might write, “It seems to me that the protagonist’s actions are motivated more by fear than by malice.”
This phrase is handy when analyzing situations with many possible interpretations. In a research paper, you could use it to introduce an educated presumption by writing, “It seems to me that the results indicate a need for further study.”
By starting your sentence with “It seems to me that,” you invite others to consider your point of view while acknowledging that there may be other valid perspectives.
These alternative phrases can greatly improve your essay writing. They allow you to express your views more clearly and with more variety. Using different words to say “I believe” helps you avoid repeating yourself and keeps your writing fresh. It also shows that you’ve thought carefully about your ideas.
By choosing the right phrase, you can make your points stronger and more convincing. Remember, good writing is about communicating your thoughts effectively. These alternatives give you more tools to do just that. Next time you’re writing an essay, try using some of these phrases instead of “I believe.” You might be surprised at how much they can boost the quality of your work.
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Useful Linking Words for Writing Essays in English
Posted on Last updated: July 20, 2019
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Linking Words ! This page provides a list of useful linking words for writing essays in English for ESL learners.
Table of Contents
Linking Words
Linking words or transition words are words phrases used to connect one idea to the next. Learn linking words list in English.
- In addition
- Furthermore
- Not only … but also
- Besides this
- In the same way
- On the other hand
- In spite of
- On the contrary
- Nonetheless
- Even though
- In contrast
- Alternatively
- In the first stage
- To begin with
- Another reason
- Another advantage
- At this point
- Following this
- A further reason
- In the final stage
- The final reason
CONSEQUENCE
- As a result
- Consequently
- It follows that
- In that case
- Undoubtedly
- The reason why
- In other words
- In order to
- Provided that
- Depending on
- In conclusion
- To conclude
- To recapitulate
Linking Words & Phrases | Infographic
Golani .Chandrakant
Monday 6th of November 2023
Increase of vocabulary, Increase of knowledge
Pombé Guirki Dimitri
Sunday 5th of November 2023
Alright thank you so much! I'm so glad added those in my knowledges
Thursday 20th of January 2022
i dont know what to say but waaaaasssssuuuuupppp
Thursday 22nd of April 2021
thx this is awesome it helps me a lot
Anna Kołodko
Wednesday 24th of February 2021
Thank you for sharing - now I have a full picture what is linking word at all, how many linking words there are and how it is used. :)
50 Linking Words (Logical Connectors) in English Classified by Theme
Updated on 27 August 2024
- Linking words, also known as logical connectors, are adverbs or conjunctions used to structure your English sentences. They are important for connecting different ideas and avoiding repetition.
- You will need it to: start a text, express a cause and effect, link an opposition, state a condition, add or list ideas, indicate a consequence, or summarize an idea.
Here are some examples:
- First of all
In this course, you will find the 50 most useful English logical connectors , along with examples, videos, and exercises to test your knowledge. The course is also available in PDF format.
Understanding how to use linking words is an essential vocabulary and grammar concept to improve your writing and speaking skills. Indeed, they help you write better essays, stories, and arguments and organize your thoughts more clearly in speech.
Table of contents →
To start a sentence
These English linking words are useful for introducing an idea, a first point, or a complete argument that you will develop further in a paragraph.
Use this to introduce the first idea or point. | ||
Emphasizes that this is the very first point. | ||
Beginning a discussion or series of arguments; introducing the first idea. |
To express a condition
When you need to establish a condition between two sets of ideas in a conversation or writing, the following expressions are very useful.
Indicates that one thing will happen only if another condition is met. | ||
Introduces a possible situation and its consequence. | ||
Similar to , indicating a specific condition that must be true for something else to happen. | ||
Expresses an exception to a situation; the opposite of . | ||
Commonly used when making a choice between two options or alternatives. |
To express argument (cause, consequence)
The following logical connectors are used to express because, as a result, therefore, etc . These linking words are useful for showing a logical cause-and-effect relationship between different elements , especially when making an argument.
Indicates the consequence of a previous action or situation. | ||
Shows that something happened due to a specific cause. | ||
Refers to something happening immediately after another event. | ||
Indicates the reason for something. | ||
Used to link a reason directly to its effect. | ||
Used to show the effect of a previous statement. | ||
Often used to explain why something occurred. | ||
Indicates the purpose or goal of an action. | ||
Introduces a reason or explanation. | ||
Used to explain the goal of an action. | ||
Indicates a result or conclusion. | ||
Shows intent while avoiding something specific. | ||
Indicates a positive cause for something. | ||
Explains why something happened. | ||
Often used to conclude an argument or show a consequence. | ||
Used to explain the cause of a situation or action. | ||
Used to show a difference or opposition between ideas. | ||
Presents two contrasting ideas or points of view. | ||
Often used to show what happens next or to conclude. |
Note: It’s important to carefully distinguish between purpose, cause, and consequence . The purpose is the reason for performing an action, while the consequence is the result of that action.
To continue a discussion
To expand on your thoughts or arguments , you’ll need some additional vocabulary. With the following linking words, you’ll be able to say in addition, furthermore, for example, indeed , etc.
Connects two similar ideas or points. | ||
Used to continue a sequence or list of ideas. | ||
Used after to introduce the second point or idea. | ||
Adds another point or idea. | ||
Introduces an example to support the previous statement. | ||
Adds extra information or reinforces a point. | ||
Used to add extra information that strengthens the argument. | ||
Used to clarify or explain a previous statement in simpler terms. | ||
Used to explain or define something in more detail. | ||
Introduces specific examples to illustrate a point. | ||
Emphasizes or confirms a previous statement. | ||
Used to provide more accurate or relevant information. | ||
Adds extra information to what has already been said. |
To compare and contrast
Need to contrast two ideas or viewpoints? Express opposition in English with the following list of conjunctions.
Adds another point or idea. | ||
Introduces a contrasting idea, despite what was mentioned earlier. | ||
Compares one thing with another; shows opposition. | ||
Suggests something is true in a hypothetical or imaginary way. | ||
Introduces an opposing idea or viewpoint. | ||
Shows that something is true irrespective of something else might suggest otherwise. | ||
Used to emphasize that something happens regardless of another factor. | ||
Introduces a contradicting statement or an opposing point. | ||
Shows contrast, similar to . | ||
Introduces a comparison by showing similarity. | ||
Used to contrast two actions occurring simultaneously. | ||
Used to present a different option or outcome if a condition is not met. | ||
Used to highlight differences between two things or ideas. | ||
Compares two contrasting ideas or situations. | ||
Introduces a contrast or simultaneous action. | ||
Used to introduce an unexpected contrast or outcome. |
To suppose (conditional)
Introduces a possible situation or condition. | ||
Used to express what might happen as a precaution. | ||
Suggests something is true for the sake of argument. | ||
Indicates an exception or a situation where something won’t happen. | ||
Used to show a decision between two options. |
To end a speech
Concluding your speech effectively is crucial for clear communication. The following phrases can be used to conclude a speech, summarize your main points, or add a final thought to your text.
Signals the end of a speech or writing, summarizing the key points. | ||
Used to give a brief overview of what was discussed. | ||
Introduces the final point or remark. |
Note: The Case of For and Since
Pay attention to the meaning of for and since when you encounter them.
- For = Indicates duration of time
Expresses that the speaker hasn’t visited the US over a period of time. |
Since = Refers to a starting point in time (date or precise moment).
Indicates the beginning of the knee pain. |
For = Because → This usage is rare and rather literary, but you can come across its usage.
Indicates the reason for getting lost. |
Since = As → Can be replaced by As ; used when explaining a reason.
Indicates the reason for being able to help. |
Adrien’s Tip 💡
You will find a lot of different names for linking words:
- Logical connectors
- Adverb (of cause, consequence, etc.)
- Adverbial phrases
- Preposition
- Coordinating conjunction
- Subordinating conjunction
- Conjunctive phrase
To keep things simple, focus on how to use these words instead of their definitions. Just remember:
These are words that help organize your ideas in a logical way, either across multiple paragraphs or by connecting sentences to express a complex idea clearly.
50 sentences to learn how to use them
Here are more than 50 concrete examples to help you understand how to use logical connectors in English. Each example is provided with a brief explanation and audio to guide your learning.
To start a text
introduces the first point. | ||
, it is not the first time it happened to me … | introduces the initial part of an explanation. |
Express a condition
tells that a condition must be met for something to be true. | ||
you pick me up. | indicates that an action will happen only if a specific condition is met. | |
you want me to. | shows that something will not happen except under a specific condition. |
Justify your point in an argument
, many will lose their jobs. | shows the effect of the crisis. | |
our efforts, we were granted a quality award. | explains the outcome of efforts made. | |
I arrived, people stopped talking. | indicates that one event follows another immediately. | |
I studied for my English test all night. | explains the reason for being tired. | |
the noise. | gives the cause of not being able to sleep. | |
I’m exhausted. | shows the consequence of continuous work. | |
the bad weather. | explains the reason for postponement. | |
explains the purpose of not ringing. | ||
you’re home early, you can give me a hand. | gives the reason for being able to help. | |
the skin gets crispy. | explains the purpose of grilling. | |
he won’t come. | explains the reason for not coming. | |
spread your germs everywhere. | shows the purpose of washing hands. | |
this vocabulary sheet. | indicates what helped with understanding. | |
I’ve decided to quit my job. | explains the decision to leave. | |
the meeting is cancelled. | shows the reason for canceling the meeting. | |
I always get bad grades on essays. | explains the cause of bad grades. |
To continue the discussion
, the weather made me feel so depressed. | adds another reason or point to support the main idea. | |
in a fiction movie not to miss the bus. , he would have been fired if he had not managed to take it. | shows comparison and emphasizes the seriousness of the situation. |
Logical connectors for comparing and contrasting
impacted by the crisis. | shows a similarity between the two situations. | |
the people were against it, the government decided to implement the law. | introduces a contrast between public opinion and government action. | |
his 250K. | compares two different incomes. | |
nothing happened. | introduces a hypothetical situation that is not true. | |
I’m always criticizing her. | suggests a false impression or perception. | |
what you said, Billy didn’t turn up last night. | highlights a difference between what was said and what actually happened. | |
the rain? | introduces an action taken in opposition to a condition (rain). | |
a minority of people voted for him. | indicates a contrast between the election outcome and voter support. | |
we can participate again any time we want. | contrasts the loss with the possibility of participating again. | |
my sister’s new boyfriend is really stupid, I quite like him. | introduces a contradiction between opinion and personal feelings. | |
the ones in the other room. | indicates that the same action applies to another situation. | |
I will do the cleaning. | shows that two actions happen at the same time. | |
I never want to do something like that again. | contrasts success with reluctance to repeat the experience. | |
she is actually really exuberant. | shows a contrast between initial thoughts and reality. | |
we’re going to be late. | presents a consequence of not leaving on time. | |
his brother, Luke doesn’t eat meat. | compares two people with opposite habits. | |
I just had a tiny sandwich. | highlights a difference in what two people had for lunch. | |
Sue was playing on her phone. | indicates two actions happening simultaneously. | |
I didn’t get a good grade. | contrasts effort with the disappointing result. |
possible. | indicates a condition for the request. | |
you get thirsty. | suggests preparing for a potential situation (thirst). | |
you win the lottery, what would you do with all the money? | introduces a hypothetical scenario for discussion. | |
you contact the customer service. | indicates a condition that must be met for the refund. | |
I should come or not. | presents a choice or uncertainty between two options. |
Linking words to end a speech
I was afraid of Peter. I got to know him, and I like him. | show the progression of feelings over time. | |
, I would say that he is a brilliant student. , every teacher appreciates his investment. , I think he should not be fired. | introduces the first point, adds information, and summarizes the argument. |
4 Exercises on English Linking Words
1. Complete the sentences using the following connectors. Only one word can fit in each blank.
Linking Words to Use: WHEREAS – THANKS TO – SO AS TO – SINCE – HOWEVER – DUE TO – AS LONG AS – ALTHOUGH.
- I don’t mind going there ________ it’s not too far.
- ________a problem in our computer system, the online assistance is temporarily not available.
- Can you pick up the kids from school ________ you’re not working today?
- Please check all your equipment every morning ________ make sure it’s fully operational.
- We managed to solve our problem ________ the help of a technician.
- ________ many people congratulated him, he didn’t seem satisfied.
- He was exhausted halfway through the game; ________, he didn’t give up.
- I would like to watch an action movie ________she wants to watch a romantic comedy.
1. | it’s not too far | |
2. | a problem in our computer system, the online assistance is temporarily not available. | |
3. | you’re not working today? | |
4. | make sure it’s fully operational. | |
5. | the help of a technician. | |
6. | many people congratulated him, he didn’t seem satisfied. | |
7. | , he didn’t give up. | |
8. | she wants to watch a romantic comedy. |
2. Read the two sentences and use the given linking word to create one sentence. Make any necessary changes.
- Bring a snack.
- You might get hungry.
- Connector: IN CASE
- Result: Bring a snack in case you get hungry.
Now, construct sentences using the following pairs of sentences and connectors:
- I will do it.
- If you tell me not to, I won’t do it.
- Connector: UNLESS
- We need to leave now.
- If we don’t leave now, we’ll be late.
- Connector: OTHERWISE
- You said I would like it.
- I didn’t like it.
- Connector: CONTRARY TO
- Jim likes fishing.
- Paul doesn’t.
- Connector: UNLIKE (2 possibilities)
- We made a financial gesture.
- They didn’t accept our offer.
- Connector: DESPITE (2 possibilities)
1. | you tell me not to | |
2. | we’ll be late | |
3. | what you said, I didn’t like it | |
4. | Paul, Jim likes fishing. / Jim likes fishing unlike Paul. Jim, Paul doesn’t like fishing. / Paul doesn’t like fishing unlike Jim. | |
5.1 | our financial gesture, they didn’t accept our offer. They didn’t accept our offer despite our financial gesture. | |
5.2 | the financial gesture we made, they didn’t accept our offer. They didn’t accept our offer despite the financial gesture we made. |
3. Complete the sentences using the linking words below to match the beginning and end of each sentence. There is only one correct combination for each one.
Linking words to use: YET – THEREFORE – SO THAT – FOR – AS SOON AS – AS A RESULT OF.
of the bad weather, the competition was cancelled. | ||
she had lost the keys. | ||
, he got fired. | ||
it faces the entrance. | ||
she doesn’t understand anything. | ||
I have my own car, he won’t have to drive me around anymore. |
4. Complete the following sentences using FOR or SINCE .
- I haven’t seen Mark ____ ages.
- Paul has been sick ____ his birthday.
- I’ve worked in this building ____ 2010.
- I haven’t heard of him ____ months.
- Lucy’s had a headache ____ this morning.
- We’ve been married ____ two years.
- What have you been doing ____ last summer?
- Can I stay at your place ____ a couple of days?
1. | ages. | |
2. | his birthday. | |
3. | 2010. | |
4. | months. | |
5. | this morning. | |
6. | two years. | |
7. | last summer? | |
8. | a couple of days? |
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OPINION ESSAY- EXPRESSIONS AND LINKERS YOU CAN USE TO EXPRESS OPINION To express opinion In my opinion, Personally, I think/ I believe (that I strongly believe that…. It is clear (to me) that I (completely) agree/disagree with … It seems to me that… As I see it, … In my view,...
50 linking words to use in academic writing. academic writing. linkers. essay writing. thesis. ESL. English. It's very common for students to use long words they don't understand very well in their essays and theses because they have a certain idea of what academic writing should be.
Example sentence. Transition words and phrases. Addition. We found that the mixture was effective. Moreover, it appeared to have additional effects we had not predicted. indeed, furthermore, moreover, additionally, and, also, both x and y, not only x but also y, besides x, in fact. Introduction.
Read this guide to transition words or linking words to know its definition, types, and examples. ... They are also part of formal language, so you'll find them in academic writing, opinion writing, critical essays, dialectic essays, journalism, and business documents. Some linking verbs link clauses within a sentence, ...
These words will help you with personal or narrative essays: They are linking words in opinion writing that indicates you're going to explore ideas in more detail. Expository essays will win with these words too. I mean. in explanation. in lay terms. to clearly define. to explain: in other words.
Linking words play an important role in academic writing: They connect different paragraphs, sections or ideas in a text. Therefore, they considerably improve the readability and argumentation of academic texts such as a thesis, dissertation, essay or journal publication. This list of 75 linking words includes examples of how they can be used in academic
Paragraph 1: Introduction. Capture your reader's attention with a good hook. Present the prompt and state your opinion. Some tips for a good opinion essay hook: Use a surprising statistic. Profess an unpopular opinion. Ask a rhetorical question. Share an anecdote.
How to use linking words. Linking words generally come before a new idea as a way to introduce it. This includes new clauses, new sentences, and new paragraphs, as well as standalone words and phrases. When a linking word or phrase begins a sentence, clarity is usually helped if you place a comma after it. Peanut butter and jelly sandwiches ...
Useful Linking Words and Phrases to Use in Your Essays. Sharing is caring! Linking words and phrases are used to show relationships between ideas. They can be used to join two or more sentences or clauses. We can use linking words to give a result, add information, summarize, give illustrations, emphasize a point, sequence information, compare ...
Transitional words and phrases can create powerful links between ideas in your paper and can help your reader understand the logic of your paper. However, these words all have different meanings, nuances, and connotations. Before using a particular transitional word in your paper, be sure you understand its meaning and usage completely and be sure…
4. That is to say. Usage: "That is" and "that is to say" can be used to add further detail to your explanation, or to be more precise. Example: "Whales are mammals. That is to say, they must breathe air.". 5. To that end. Usage: Use "to that end" or "to this end" in a similar way to "in order to" or "so".
An opinion essay has three parts: Introduction; Arguments or reasons that support your view. Conclusion; Introduction. Paragraph 1. Introduce the topic and give your opinion. Say whether you agree or disagree with the statement or question. It can be a good idea to use a question to grab the reader's attention. Check the two examples below:
Words and phrases connected with sequencing and structure appear at the start of a sentence. Examples include: first, secondly, finally and in conclusion. Adverbs, which express the writer's opinion, also occur at the start of a sentence, for example evidently and obviously. Linking words can be used between clauses, in the middle of the ...
Introductory Words and Phrases Transitions Opinion Clues. I think I believe I feel In my opinion My favorite The best I strongly believe From my point of view It's my belief. Based on what I know I am convinced Speaking for myself I know you will have to agree that I am confident that. First/second/third First of all Next After that ...
The linking words list below is essential for IELTS writing task 2 for high score. The examiner needs to see a range of linking words in your essay to award you a high score for the criterion of Coherence and Cohesion which is 25% of your marks. You will be checked on your range, accuracy and your flexibility of linking words in IELTS writing ...
Linking Words to Add more Information. These words simply add additional information to your sentence or paragraph to show that two ideas are similar. Here are some examples: It started to rain and I got soaked - 'and' is the linking word that connects the two ideas of the individual being in the rain and getting soaked.
In short, they connect ideas together. We use them in both writing and speaking, but they are most important in writing because they provide structure to your paragraphs. Linking words can connect two parts of one sentence. They go at the beginning of a sentence or in between the two parts: Example 1: Although it was summer, George was wearing ...
1. In my opinion. Using "In my opinion" is a clear way to express your thoughts and make it known that what follows is your viewpoint. It's like drawing a line in the sand; on one side are the facts, and on the other is your perspective. This phrase helps you present your thoughts without coming across as overbearing.
Use linking words and phrases to connect ideas in an opinion essayIn this lesson you will learn how to use linking words and phrases to connect your opinion ...
Abruptly switching topics in essays can be jarring; however, transition words can smooth the change for the convenience of the reader.Moreover, you can use essay transition words to start a paragraph, sentence, or clause more naturally.Additionally, essay transition words can connect new information to the previous statement so you don't have to say everything at once.
Useful Linking Words for Writing Essays in English. Last updated: July 20, 2019. 7 Comments. Sharing is caring! Linking Words ! This page provides a list of useful linking words for writing essays in English for ESL learners. Linking Words. ADDITION.
Discover the 50 most useful English linking words, with examples, videos, audios and exercises to practice. ... Indeed, they help you write better essays, stories, and arguments and organize your thoughts more clearly in speech. ... Although introduces a contrast between public opinion and government action. I earn 15,000€ per year, as ...