what is synthesis in writing examples

How to Synthesize Written Information from Multiple Sources

Shona McCombes

Content Manager

B.A., English Literature, University of Glasgow

Shona McCombes is the content manager at Scribbr, Netherlands.

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Saul Mcleod, PhD

Editor-in-Chief for Simply Psychology

BSc (Hons) Psychology, MRes, PhD, University of Manchester

Saul Mcleod, PhD., is a qualified psychology teacher with over 18 years of experience in further and higher education. He has been published in peer-reviewed journals, including the Journal of Clinical Psychology.

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When you write a literature review or essay, you have to go beyond just summarizing the articles you’ve read – you need to synthesize the literature to show how it all fits together (and how your own research fits in).

Synthesizing simply means combining. Instead of summarizing the main points of each source in turn, you put together the ideas and findings of multiple sources in order to make an overall point.

At the most basic level, this involves looking for similarities and differences between your sources. Your synthesis should show the reader where the sources overlap and where they diverge.

Unsynthesized Example

Franz (2008) studied undergraduate online students. He looked at 17 females and 18 males and found that none of them liked APA. According to Franz, the evidence suggested that all students are reluctant to learn citations style. Perez (2010) also studies undergraduate students. She looked at 42 females and 50 males and found that males were significantly more inclined to use citation software ( p < .05). Findings suggest that females might graduate sooner. Goldstein (2012) looked at British undergraduates. Among a sample of 50, all females, all confident in their abilities to cite and were eager to write their dissertations.

Synthesized Example

Studies of undergraduate students reveal conflicting conclusions regarding relationships between advanced scholarly study and citation efficacy. Although Franz (2008) found that no participants enjoyed learning citation style, Goldstein (2012) determined in a larger study that all participants watched felt comfortable citing sources, suggesting that variables among participant and control group populations must be examined more closely. Although Perez (2010) expanded on Franz’s original study with a larger, more diverse sample…

Step 1: Organize your sources

After collecting the relevant literature, you’ve got a lot of information to work through, and no clear idea of how it all fits together.

Before you can start writing, you need to organize your notes in a way that allows you to see the relationships between sources.

One way to begin synthesizing the literature is to put your notes into a table. Depending on your topic and the type of literature you’re dealing with, there are a couple of different ways you can organize this.

Summary table

A summary table collates the key points of each source under consistent headings. This is a good approach if your sources tend to have a similar structure – for instance, if they’re all empirical papers.

Each row in the table lists one source, and each column identifies a specific part of the source. You can decide which headings to include based on what’s most relevant to the literature you’re dealing with.

For example, you might include columns for things like aims, methods, variables, population, sample size, and conclusion.

For each study, you briefly summarize each of these aspects. You can also include columns for your own evaluation and analysis.

The summary table gives you a quick overview of the key points of each source. This allows you to group sources by relevant similarities, as well as noticing important differences or contradictions in their findings.

Synthesis matrix

A synthesis matrix is useful when your sources are more varied in their purpose and structure – for example, when you’re dealing with books and essays making various different arguments about a topic.

Each column in the table lists one source. Each row is labeled with a specific concept, topic or theme that recurs across all or most of the sources.

Then, for each source, you summarize the main points or arguments related to the theme.

The purposes of the table is to identify the common points that connect the sources, as well as identifying points where they diverge or disagree.

Step 2: Outline your structure

Now you should have a clear overview of the main connections and differences between the sources you’ve read. Next, you need to decide how you’ll group them together and the order in which you’ll discuss them.

For shorter papers, your outline can just identify the focus of each paragraph; for longer papers, you might want to divide it into sections with headings.

There are a few different approaches you can take to help you structure your synthesis.

If your sources cover a broad time period, and you found patterns in how researchers approached the topic over time, you can organize your discussion chronologically .

That doesn’t mean you just summarize each paper in chronological order; instead, you should group articles into time periods and identify what they have in common, as well as signalling important turning points or developments in the literature.

If the literature covers various different topics, you can organize it thematically .

That means that each paragraph or section focuses on a specific theme and explains how that theme is approached in the literature.

Source Used with Permission: The Chicago School

If you’re drawing on literature from various different fields or they use a wide variety of research methods, you can organize your sources methodologically .

That means grouping together studies based on the type of research they did and discussing the findings that emerged from each method.

If your topic involves a debate between different schools of thought, you can organize it theoretically .

That means comparing the different theories that have been developed and grouping together papers based on the position or perspective they take on the topic, as well as evaluating which arguments are most convincing.

Step 3: Write paragraphs with topic sentences

What sets a synthesis apart from a summary is that it combines various sources. The easiest way to think about this is that each paragraph should discuss a few different sources, and you should be able to condense the overall point of the paragraph into one sentence.

This is called a topic sentence , and it usually appears at the start of the paragraph. The topic sentence signals what the whole paragraph is about; every sentence in the paragraph should be clearly related to it.

A topic sentence can be a simple summary of the paragraph’s content:

“Early research on [x] focused heavily on [y].”

For an effective synthesis, you can use topic sentences to link back to the previous paragraph, highlighting a point of debate or critique:

“Several scholars have pointed out the flaws in this approach.” “While recent research has attempted to address the problem, many of these studies have methodological flaws that limit their validity.”

By using topic sentences, you can ensure that your paragraphs are coherent and clearly show the connections between the articles you are discussing.

As you write your paragraphs, avoid quoting directly from sources: use your own words to explain the commonalities and differences that you found in the literature.

Don’t try to cover every single point from every single source – the key to synthesizing is to extract the most important and relevant information and combine it to give your reader an overall picture of the state of knowledge on your topic.

Step 4: Revise, edit and proofread

Like any other piece of academic writing, synthesizing literature doesn’t happen all in one go – it involves redrafting, revising, editing and proofreading your work.

Checklist for Synthesis

•   Do I introduce the paragraph with a clear, focused topic sentence?
•   Do I discuss more than one source in the paragraph?
•   Do I mention only the most relevant findings, rather than describing every part of the studies?
•   Do I discuss the similarities or differences between the sources, rather than summarizing each source in turn?
•   Do I put the findings or arguments of the sources in my own words?
•   Is the paragraph organized around a single idea?
•   Is the paragraph directly relevant to my research question or topic?
•   Is there a logical transition from this paragraph to the next one?

Further Information

How to Synthesise: a Step-by-Step Approach

Help…I”ve Been Asked to Synthesize!

Learn how to Synthesise (combine information from sources)

How to write a Psychology Essay

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Synthesis Essay Writing

Synthesis Essay Examples

13+ Winning Synthesis Essay Examples For Your Inspiration

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Learn How to Write a Synthesis Essay Step by Step

Best Synthesis Essay Topics and Prompt Ideas

Synthesis Essay Outline - Template and Examples

Are you struggling to make sense of synthesis essays, unsure where to begin, or how to enhance your writing?

Many students face the challenge of feeling overwhelmed when trying to blend diverse ideas and sources seamlessly. It can be challenging to create a cohesive piece that draws from various perspectives.

But fear not! 

In this blog, we will provide you with winning synthesis essay examples and valuable insights to enhance your essay writing skills.

So, let’s get started. 

• 1. Understanding What A Synthesis Essay Is
• 2. Synthesis Essay Examples
• 3. Synthesis Essay Topics - Examples
• 4. Tips for Writing an Effective Synthesis Essay

Understanding What A Synthesis Essay Is

A synthesis essay is a special kind of academic writing where writers blend ideas and information from various sources to create a clear and organized argument.

Unlike other types of essays , a synthesis essay demands the integration of various perspectives to form a new understanding or insight. 

It involves critically examining different sources, and synthesizing them to develop a comprehensive viewpoint on a particular topic. 

Looking at synthesis essay examples can really help you write a great essay. Here's an example of a synthesis essay to inspire you in your own writing:

Synthesis Essay Outline Example

An outline is just like a table of content sections on a page. It consists of categories and subcategories of a given topic that the writer plans to cover in the essay. Below is a synthesis essay outline template that explains the synthesis essay outline in detail. Have a look at it.

Thesis For Synthesis Essay Example

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How to Write a Synthesis Essay - Example

In order to write a good synthesis paper, you need to follow the format and proper procedure. The synthesis essay has an introduction paragraph, three body paragraphs with supportive evidence to back up the topic, and a thesis statement.

And a conclusion paragraph where you answer all the questions while referring back to the main thesis.

Check out this sample template; it will help you learn the basics of synthesis essay structure. 

AP English Language and Composition Synthesis Essay Example

The ap lang synthesis essay requires students to analyze information from various sources to discuss the topic of their essay. Refer to the sample AP language synthesis essay to learn how you can write a perfect synthesis essay.

Synthesis Essay Example Ap Lang

2022 Ap Lang Synthesis Essay Example

Synthesis Essay Examples for Different Formats

Knowing how to write synthesis essays in different styles is important. Given below are some examples of synthesis essays in different formats.

APA Format Synthesis Essay Example

APA (American Psychological Association) is a citation style that provides formatting conventions for student and professional papers. Below is a sample example of an APA-style synthesis essay.

MLA Format Synthesis Essay Example

MLA (Modern Language Association) is another referencing style that allows us to cite the sources in a proper format. Here is an MLA-style synthesis essay example to help you learn the basics of this style.

Different Types of Synthesis Essay Examples

Synthesis essays come in various types, each requiring a unique approach. Explore the following synthesis essay examples tailored to different types, offering a comprehensive overview of how to tackle diverse writing tasks:

College Synthesis Essay Example

This sample PDF is to help the college students to learn the outline, format, and structure of the synthesis essay. You can easily download it and save it with you for further usage.

Explanatory Synthesis Essay Example

The explanatory synthesis is intended to explain a particular subject in detail to make it easy to understand for people. Refer to the sample essay given below and see what makes it different from a simple synthesis essay.

Argumentative Synthesis Essay Example

The argumentative synthesis is another type of synthesis essay that is intended to present an argument. The writer presents his claim and supports it with facts and evidence to prove it right. Check out the sample essay given below to understand how it is different from a general argumentative essay.

Eminent Domain Synthesis Essay Example

An eminent domain synthesis essay explores the concept of eminent domain, which is the government's authority to take private property for public use. This type of synthesis essay delves into various aspects of eminent domain, considering legal, ethical, and social perspectives. 

Here’s an example:

Synthesis Essay Example About Social Media

This type of synthesis essay explores the impact of social media on individuals and society. It aims to analyze and synthesize information to construct a well-rounded understanding of the role of social media in our lives. Here’s an example of it:

Synthesis Essay Topics - Examples

Choosing a compelling topic is crucial when writing a synthesis essay. Here are some thought-provoking synthesis essay topics that can inspire your writing:

• The Impact of Technology on Human Interaction
• Climate Change and Global Sustainability
• The Role of Social Media in Modern Society
• The Intersection of Artificial Intelligence and Ethics
• Education Reform: Challenges and Opportunities
• Impact of Social Movements on Policy Change
• Healthcare Access: A Global Perspective
• Cultural Diversity in the Workplace
• The Influence of Literature on Society
• The Future of Work: Remote vs. Traditional

Looking for more topics? Check out this blog on synthesis essay topics for inspiration.

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Tips for Writing an Effective Synthesis Essay

Crafting a compelling synthesis essay goes beyond the writing process; it requires strategic planning and meticulous execution. Here are key tips to ensure your synthesis essay stands out:

• Select Credible Sources

Begin by choosing reliable and credible sources. Ensure that the information you gather is from reputable authors, organizations, or publications to strengthen the foundation of your essay.

• Background Information is Key

Provide sufficient background information on your chosen topic. Help your readers understand the context and significance of the subject matter before delving into your argument.

• Develop a Coherent Argument

Focus on building a clear and coherent argument throughout your essay. Ensure that each paragraph contributes to the overall flow and supports your thesis effectively.

• Support Your with Evidence

A strong synthesis essay requires a well-supported argument. Back up your claims with evidence from your chosen sources, demonstrating a thorough understanding of the topic.

• Utilize Sources to Support Each Other

Instead of treating sources in isolation, highlight their relationships. Demonstrate how each source complements or contrasts with others, emphasizing the interconnectedness of your information.

• Synthesis Essay Requires Critical Analysis

Go beyond summarizing your sources; engage in critical analysis. Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of each source and consider their implications for your argument.

• Ensure a Supported Argument:

Throughout your essay, consistently reinforce your central argument. Every piece of information should contribute to and reinforce the main thesis, creating a cohesive and persuasive narrative.

In conclusion , tackling synthesis essays is easier than it seems when armed with the right knowledge. Use the tips and examples provided to boost your skills and approach these essays with confidence.

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Keep reading

How to Write a Synthesis Essay: Your Guide From Start to Finish

Today, we're swamped with information, like reading 174 newspapers every day. It comes from all over—news, social media, science, and more. This flood might make you feel overwhelmed and lost in a sea of facts and opinions. But being able to make sense of it all is crucial.

This guide isn't just about handling all that info; it's about using it to write awesome essays. We'll show you step by step how to pick a topic and organize your essay. Let's dive in and learn how to turn scattered facts into powerful essays that really stand out.

What Is a Synthesis Essay

The synthesis essay is a powerful tool in writing. It's not just about gathering facts but about connecting them to make a clear and strong argument.

Writing a synthesis essay allows you to dive deep into ideas. You have to find similarities between different sources—like articles, studies, or arguments—and use them to tell a convincing story.

In today's world, where we're bombarded with information, synthesis essays are more important than ever. They let us explore how different ideas fit together and help us express our thoughts on complex topics. Whether you're writing about literature, science, history, or current events, a synthesis essay shows off your ability to analyze and understand a topic from all angles. And if you're struggling with this task, just ask us to ' write paper for me ,' and we'll handle your assignment for you.

Explanatory vs. Argumentative Synthesis Essays

In synthesis writing, there are two main types: explanatory and argumentative. Understanding these categories is key because they shape how you approach your essay.

Explanatory:

An explanatory synthesis essay does just what it says—it explains. These essays aim to give a balanced view of a topic by gathering information from different sources and presenting it clearly. They don't try to persuade; instead, they focus on providing information and making things easier to understand. They're like comprehensive summaries, breaking down complex ideas for a broader audience. These essays rely heavily on facts and expert opinions, avoiding personal bias.

Argumentative:

On the flip side, argumentative synthesis essays are all about persuasion. Their main goal is to take a stance on an issue and convince the reader. They gather information from various sources not only to present different views but also to build a strong argument. Argumentative essays aim to sway the reader's opinion by using gathered information as evidence. These essays express opinions and use rhetorical strategies to persuade.

And if you're keen on knowing how to write an informative essay , we've got you covered on that, too!

Synthesis Essay Structure

To craft a strong synthesis essay, you need a solid foundation. Here's a structured approach to help you nail it:

Introductory Paragraph:

• To kick things off, grab your reader's attention with a catchy hook or interesting fact. Give a bit of background info about your topic and the sources you'll be using, as it can help readers understand your topic better! Then, lay out your main argument in a clear thesis statement.

Body Paragraphs:

• Each paragraph should focus on a different aspect of your topic or source. Start with a topic sentence that links back to your thesis. Introduce the source you're discussing and highlight its main points. Also, using quotes, paraphrases, or summaries from your sources can make your arguments stronger.

Synthesis :

• This part is where your essay comes together. Look for common themes or differences among your sources. Use your analysis to build a strong argument. Don't forget to address any opposing viewpoints if they're relevant!

Conclusion :

• Wrap things up by restating your thesis and summarizing your main points. Explain why your argument is important and what it means in the bigger picture. End with a thought-provoking statement to leave a lasting impression.

References :

• Finally, don't forget to list all your sources properly using the right citation style, like MLA or APA. Do you know that different citation styles have different rules? So, make sure you follow the right one!

Choosing a Synthesis Essay Topic

Picking essay topics is just the beginning. To write a great synthesis essay, you need to carefully evaluate and connect different sources to build a strong argument or viewpoint. Here's a step-by-step infographic guide to help you choose the right synthesis essay topics wisely.

How to Write a Synthesis Essay with Easy Steps

Writing a synthesis essay is similar to a compare and contrast essay . It requires a methodical approach to blend information from different sources into a strong and persuasive argument. Here are some crucial steps and tips to help you along the way.

• Clarify Your Purpose: First, decide if you're writing an explanatory or argumentative synthesis essay. This choice will set the tone and direction for your essay.
• Source Selection and Analysis: Choose credible and relevant sources for your topic, balancing different types like articles, books, and websites. Analyze each source carefully, noting the main ideas and evidence presented.
• Formulate a Strong Thesis Statement: Create a clear and concise thesis statement that guides your essay. It should express your main argument or perspective.
• Structure Your Essay: Organize your essay with a clear synthesis essay outline, including an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. Each body paragraph should focus on a specific aspect of your topic.
• Employ Effective Transition Sentences: Use transition sentences to connect your ideas and paragraphs smoothly, ensuring a cohesive flow in your essay.
• Synthesize Information: Blend information from your sources within your paragraphs. Discuss how each source contributes to your thesis and highlight common themes or differences.
• Avoid Simple Summarization: Don't just summarize your sources—analyze them critically and use them to build your argument.
• Address Counterarguments (if applicable): Acknowledge opposing viewpoints and counter them with well-supported arguments, showing a deep understanding of the topic.
• Craft a Resolute Conclusion: Summarize your main points and restate your thesis in the conclusion. Emphasize the importance of your argument or insights, and end with a thought-provoking statement or call to action. ‍
• Revise and Proofread: Check your essay for clarity, coherence, and grammar mistakes. Ensure your citations are correct and follow the chosen citation style, like MLA or APA.

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Synthesis Essay Format

Choosing the right citation style can enhance the credibility and professionalism of your paper. The format of your synthesis paper depends on the specific guidelines given by your instructor. They usually fall into one of the popular styles: MLA, APA, or Chicago, each used in different academic fields.

1. MLA (Modern Language Association):

• Uses in-text citations with the author's last name and page number.
• Includes a 'Works Cited' page at the end listing all sources.
• Focuses on the author and publication date.
• Often used in humanities essays, research papers, and literary analyses.

2. APA (American Psychological Association):

• Uses in-text citations with the author's last name and publication date in parentheses.
• Includes a 'References' page listing all sources alphabetically.
• Emphasizes the publication date and scientific precision.
• Commonly used in research papers, scholarly articles, and scientific studies.

3. Chicago Style:

• Offers two documentation styles: Notes-Bibliography and Author-Date.
• Notes-Bibliography uses footnotes or endnotes for citations, while Author-Date uses in-text citations with a reference list.
• Suitable for various academic writing, including research papers and historical studies.
• Provides flexibility in formatting and citation methods, making it adaptable to different disciplines.

Synthesis Essay Example

Here are two examples of synthesis essays that demonstrate how to apply the synthesis process in real life. They explore interesting topics and offer practical guidance for mastering the art of writing this type of paper.

Synthesis Essay Tips

Crafting a strong synthesis essay requires careful planning and effective techniques. Here are five essential tips to help you write your best paper:

• Diverse Source Selection : Choose a range of reliable sources that offer different viewpoints on your topic. Make sure they're recent and relevant to your subject.
• Seamless Source Integration : Avoid just summarizing your sources. Instead, blend them into your essay by analyzing and comparing their ideas. Show how they connect to build your argument.
• Balanced Tone : Maintain an impartial tone in your writing, even if you have personal opinions. Synthesis essays require objectivity, so they present different viewpoints without bias.
• Focus on Synthesis : Remember, synthesis essays are about linking ideas, not just summarizing sources. Explore how your sources relate to each other to create a cohesive argument.
• Address Counterarguments : Like in persuasive essays topics , acknowledge opposing viewpoints and explain why your perspective is stronger. This demonstrates your understanding of the topic and adds depth to your argument.

Concluding Thoughts

When writing a synthesis essay, it's essential to pick trustworthy sources, blend them effectively to build your argument and stay objective. Use smooth transitions, address counterarguments thoughtfully, and focus on analyzing rather than just summarizing. By following these steps, you'll create essays that inform, persuade, and engage your readers!

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How Should You Conclude a Synthesis Essay?

Daniel Parker

is a seasoned educational writer focusing on scholarship guidance, research papers, and various forms of academic essays including reflective and narrative essays. His expertise also extends to detailed case studies. A scholar with a background in English Literature and Education, Daniel’s work on EssayPro blog aims to support students in achieving academic excellence and securing scholarships. His hobbies include reading classic literature and participating in academic forums.

is an expert in nursing and healthcare, with a strong background in history, law, and literature. Holding advanced degrees in nursing and public health, his analytical approach and comprehensive knowledge help students navigate complex topics. On EssayPro blog, Adam provides insightful articles on everything from historical analysis to the intricacies of healthcare policies. In his downtime, he enjoys historical documentaries and volunteering at local clinics.

Literature Syntheis 101

How To Synthesise The Existing Research (With Examples)

By: Derek Jansen (MBA) | Expert Reviewer: Eunice Rautenbach (DTech) | August 2023

One of the most common mistakes that students make when writing a literature review is that they err on the side of describing the existing literature rather than providing a critical synthesis of it. In this post, we’ll unpack what exactly synthesis means and show you how to craft a strong literature synthesis using practical examples.

This post is based on our popular online course, Literature Review Bootcamp . In the course, we walk you through the full process of developing a literature review, step by step. If it’s your first time writing a literature review, you definitely want to use this link to get 50% off the course (limited-time offer).

Overview: Literature Synthesis

• What exactly does “synthesis” mean?
• Aspect 1: Agreement
• Aspect 2: Disagreement
• Aspect 3: Key theories
• Aspect 4: Contexts
• Aspect 5: Methodologies
• Bringing it all together

What does “synthesis” actually mean?

As a starting point, let’s quickly define what exactly we mean when we use the term “synthesis” within the context of a literature review.

Simply put, literature synthesis means going beyond just describing what everyone has said and found. Instead, synthesis is about bringing together all the information from various sources to present a cohesive assessment of the current state of knowledge in relation to your study’s research aims and questions .

Put another way, a good synthesis tells the reader exactly where the current research is “at” in terms of the topic you’re interested in – specifically, what’s known , what’s not , and where there’s a need for more research .

So, how do you go about doing this?

Well, there’s no “one right way” when it comes to literature synthesis, but we’ve found that it’s particularly useful to ask yourself five key questions when you’re working on your literature review. Having done so,  you can then address them more articulately within your actual write up. So, let’s take a look at each of these questions.

1. Points Of Agreement

The first question that you need to ask yourself is: “Overall, what things seem to be agreed upon by the vast majority of the literature?”

For example, if your research aim is to identify which factors contribute toward job satisfaction, you’ll need to identify which factors are broadly agreed upon and “settled” within the literature. Naturally, there may at times be some lone contrarian that has a radical viewpoint , but, provided that the vast majority of researchers are in agreement, you can put these random outliers to the side. That is, of course, unless your research aims to explore a contrarian viewpoint and there’s a clear justification for doing so. 

Identifying what’s broadly agreed upon is an essential starting point for synthesising the literature, because you generally don’t want (or need) to reinvent the wheel or run down a road investigating something that is already well established . So, addressing this question first lays a foundation of “settled” knowledge.

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2. Points Of Disagreement

Related to the previous point, but on the other end of the spectrum, is the equally important question: “Where do the disagreements lie?” .

In other words, which things are not well agreed upon by current researchers? It’s important to clarify here that by disagreement, we don’t mean that researchers are (necessarily) fighting over it – just that there are relatively mixed findings within the empirical research , with no firm consensus amongst researchers.

This is a really important question to address as these “disagreements” will often set the stage for the research gap(s). In other words, they provide clues regarding potential opportunities for further research, which your study can then (hopefully) contribute toward filling. If you’re not familiar with the concept of a research gap, be sure to check out our explainer video covering exactly that .

3. Key Theories

The next question you need to ask yourself is: “Which key theories seem to be coming up repeatedly?” .

Within most research spaces, you’ll find that you keep running into a handful of key theories that are referred to over and over again. Apart from identifying these theories, you’ll also need to think about how they’re connected to each other. Specifically, you need to ask yourself:

• Are they all covering the same ground or do they have different focal points  or underlying assumptions ?
• Do some of them feed into each other and if so, is there an opportunity to integrate them into a more cohesive theory?
• Do some of them pull in different directions ? If so, why might this be?
• Do all of the theories define the key concepts and variables in the same way, or is there some disconnect? If so, what’s the impact of this ?

Simply put, you’ll need to pay careful attention to the key theories in your research area, as they will need to feature within your theoretical framework , which will form a critical component within your final literature review. This will set the foundation for your entire study, so it’s essential that you be critical in this area of your literature synthesis.

If this sounds a bit fluffy, don’t worry. We deep dive into the theoretical framework (as well as the conceptual framework) and look at practical examples in Literature Review Bootcamp . If you’d like to learn more, take advantage of our limited-time offer to get 60% off the standard price.

4. Contexts

The next question that you need to address in your literature synthesis is an important one, and that is: “Which contexts have (and have not) been covered by the existing research?” .

For example, sticking with our earlier hypothetical topic (factors that impact job satisfaction), you may find that most of the research has focused on white-collar , management-level staff within a primarily Western context, but little has been done on blue-collar workers in an Eastern context. Given the significant socio-cultural differences between these two groups, this is an important observation, as it could present a contextual research gap .

In practical terms, this means that you’ll need to carefully assess the context of each piece of literature that you’re engaging with, especially the empirical research (i.e., studies that have collected and analysed real-world data). Ideally, you should keep notes regarding the context of each study in some sort of catalogue or sheet, so that you can easily make sense of this before you start the writing phase. If you’d like, our free literature catalogue worksheet is a great tool for this task.

5. Methodological Approaches

Last but certainly not least, you need to ask yourself the question: “What types of research methodologies have (and haven’t) been used?”

For example, you might find that most studies have approached the topic using qualitative methods such as interviews and thematic analysis. Alternatively, you might find that most studies have used quantitative methods such as online surveys and statistical analysis.

But why does this matter?

Well, it can run in one of two potential directions . If you find that the vast majority of studies use a specific methodological approach, this could provide you with a firm foundation on which to base your own study’s methodology . In other words, you can use the methodologies of similar studies to inform (and justify) your own study’s research design .

On the other hand, you might argue that the lack of diverse methodological approaches presents a research gap , and therefore your study could contribute toward filling that gap by taking a different approach. For example, taking a qualitative approach to a research area that is typically approached quantitatively. Of course, if you’re going to go against the methodological grain, you’ll need to provide a strong justification for why your proposed approach makes sense. Nevertheless, it is something worth at least considering.

Regardless of which route you opt for, you need to pay careful attention to the methodologies used in the relevant studies and provide at least some discussion about this in your write-up. Again, it’s useful to keep track of this on some sort of spreadsheet or catalogue as you digest each article, so consider grabbing a copy of our free literature catalogue if you don’t have anything in place.

Bringing It All Together

Alright, so we’ve looked at five important questions that you need to ask (and answer) to help you develop a strong synthesis within your literature review.  To recap, these are:

• Which things are broadly agreed upon within the current research?
• Which things are the subject of disagreement (or at least, present mixed findings)?
• Which theories seem to be central to your research topic and how do they relate or compare to each other?
• Which contexts have (and haven’t) been covered?
• Which methodological approaches are most common?

Importantly, you’re not just asking yourself these questions for the sake of asking them – they’re not just a reflection exercise. You need to weave your answers to them into your actual literature review when you write it up. How exactly you do this will vary from project to project depending on the structure you opt for, but you’ll still need to address them within your literature review, whichever route you go.

The best approach is to spend some time actually writing out your answers to these questions, as opposed to just thinking about them in your head. Putting your thoughts onto paper really helps you flesh out your thinking . As you do this, don’t just write down the answers – instead, think about what they mean in terms of the research gap you’ll present , as well as the methodological approach you’ll take . Your literature synthesis needs to lay the groundwork for these two things, so it’s essential that you link all of it together in your mind, and of course, on paper.

Psst… there’s more!

This post is an extract from our bestselling short course, Literature Review Bootcamp . If you want to work smart, you don't want to miss this .

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How to Write a Synthesis Essay

Last Updated: April 7, 2024 Fact Checked

This article was co-authored by Christopher Taylor, PhD . Christopher Taylor is an Adjunct Assistant Professor of English at Austin Community College in Texas. He received his PhD in English Literature and Medieval Studies from the University of Texas at Austin in 2014. There are 11 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. This article has been viewed 1,124,548 times.

Writing a synthesis essay requires the ability to digest information and present it in an organized fashion. While this skill is developed in high school and college classes, it translates to the business and advertising world as well. Scroll down to Step 1 to begin learning how to write a synthesis essay.

Examining Your Topic

• Argument synthesis: This type of essay has a strong thesis statement that presents the writer's point of view. It organizes relevant information gathered from research in a logical manner to support the thesis' point of view. Business white papers known as position papers often take this form. This is the type of synthesis essay that students will write during the AP test.
• Review: Often written as a preliminary essay to an argument synthesis, a review essay is a discussion of what has been written previously on a topic, with a critical analysis of the sources covered. Its unstated thesis is usually that more research needs to be done in that area or that the topic problem has not been adequately addressed. This type of paper is common in social science classes and in medicine.
• Explanatory/background synthesis: This type of essay helps readers understand a topic by categorizing facts and presenting them to further the reader's understanding. It does not advocate a particular point of view, and if it has a thesis statement, the thesis is a weak one. Some business white papers take this form, although they are more likely to have a point of view, if understated.

• Example of a broad topic narrowed down into a reasonable synthesis essay topic: Instead of the broad topic of Social Media, you could discuss your view on the effects texting has had on the English language.
• If you've been assigned a topic as part of a class, make sure you read the prompt carefully and fully understand it.

• Keep in mind that it's better to do three sources well than to do five sources incompletely.
• Annotate each source by writing notes in the margins. This allows you to keep track of your train of thought, developing ideas, etc.

• Example: Texting has had a positive impact on the English language as it has helped the millennial generation create their own form of the language.

• If you wish to take on a claim by an opponent of your idea, and to poke holes in it, you should also find some ideas or quotes that go against your thesis statement, and plan ways to disprove them. This is called a concession, refutation, or rebuttal, which can strengthen your argument if you do it well.
• Example : For the thesis statement listed above, excellent sources would include quotes from linguists discussing the new words that have developed through 'text-speak', statistics that show the English language has evolved with almost every generation, and facts that show students still have the ability to write with the use of grammar and spelling (which your opponents would bring up as the main reason texting has had a negative effect on the English language).

Outlining Your Essay

• The introductory paragraph: 1. An introductory sentence that acts as a hook, capturing the reader's interest. 2. Identification of the issue you will be discussing. 3. Your thesis statement.
• The body paragraphs: 1. Topic sentence that gives one reason to support your thesis. 2. Your explanation and opinion of the topic sentence. 3. Support from your sources that backs up the claim you just made. 4. Explanation of the significance of the source(s).
• The conclusion paragraph: 1. State further significance of your topic from the evidence and reasons you discussed in the essay. 2. A profound thought or thoughtful ending for your paper.

• Example/illustration. This may be a detailed recount, summary, or direct quote from your source material that provides major support for your point of view. You may use more than one example or illustration, if your paper calls for it. You should not, however, make your paper a series of examples at the expense of supporting your thesis.
• Straw man. With this technique, you present an argument opposed to the argument stated in your thesis, then show the weaknesses and flaws of the counter-argument. This format shows your awareness of the opposition and your readiness to answer it. You present the counter-argument right after your thesis, followed by the evidence to refute it, and end with a positive argument that supports your thesis. [5] X Research source
• Concession. Essays with concessions are structured similar to those using the straw man technique, but they acknowledge the validity of the counter-argument while showing that the original argument is stronger. This structure is good for presenting papers to readers who hold the opposing viewpoint.
• Comparison and contrast. This structure compares similarities and contrasts differences between two subjects or sources to show the facets of both. Writing an essay with this structure requires a careful reading of your source material to find both subtle and major points of similarity and difference. This kind of essay can present its arguments source-by-source or by points of similarity or difference.

• Summary. This structure presents summaries of each of your relevant sources, making a progressively stronger argument for your thesis. It provides specific evidence to support your point of view, but usually omits presenting your own opinions. It's most commonly used for background and review essays.
• List of reasons. This is a series of sub-points that flow from the main point of your paper as stated in its thesis. Each reason is supported with evidence. As with the summary method, reasons should become progressively more important, with the most important reason last.

Writing Your Essay

• Your essay should have an introductory paragraph that includes your thesis , a body to present evidence that supports your thesis, and a conclusion that summarizes your point of view.

• Lengthy quotes of three lines or more should generally be set off as block quotes to better call attention to them. [7] X Trustworthy Source Purdue Online Writing Lab Trusted resource for writing and citation guidelines Go to source

Finalizing Your Essay

• Ask someone else to proofread your paper. The saying “two heads are better than one” still holds true. Ask a friend or colleague what would they add or remove from the paper. Most importantly, does your argument make sense, and is it clearly supported by your sources?

• Read the paper aloud to guarantee that you don't accidentally add in or take out words when reading in your head.
• If you can, get a friend or classmate to proofread your essay as well.

• Example of citing in an AP synthesis essay: McPherson claims “texting has changed the English language in a positive way--it has given a new generation their own unique way to communicate” (Source E).
• For college essays, you'll most likely use MLA format. Whichever format you use, be consistent in its use. You may also be asked to use APA or Chicago style.

• Example title: : English and the iPhone: Exploring the Benefits of 'Text-Speak'

Outline Template

Community Q&A

• Just as your title should fit your essay instead of writing your essay to fit the title, your thesis, once chosen, should direct your subsequent research instead of subsequent research altering your thesis � unless you find you've adopted an unsupportable thesis. Thanks Helpful 21 Not Helpful 8

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• ↑ https://success.uark.edu/get-help/student-resources/synthesis-paper.php
• ↑ https://www.unr.edu/writing-speaking-center/student-resources/writing-speaking-resources/mapping-a-synthesis-essay
• ↑ https://www.bgsu.edu/content/dam/BGSU/learning-commons/documents/writing/synthesis/planning-synthesis-essay.pdf
• ↑ https://writingcenterofprinceton.com/synthesis-essays-a-step-by-step-how-to-guide/
• ↑ https://owl.excelsior.edu/argument-and-critical-thinking/logical-fallacies/logical-fallacies-straw-man/
• ↑ https://writingcommons.org/section/rhetoric/rhetorical-stance/point-of-view/third-person-point-of-view/
• ↑ https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/mla_style/mla_formatting_and_style_guide/mla_formatting_quotations.html
• ↑ https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/the_writing_process/proofreading/steps_for_revising.html
• ↑ https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/the_writing_process/proofreading/proofreading_suggestions.html
• ↑ https://www.edhs.org/ourpages/auto/2010/5/17/41759867/Synthesis%20Essay%20Introduction.pdf
• ↑ https://writing.umn.edu/sws/assets/pdf/quicktips/titles.pdf

About This Article

To write a synthesis essay, start by coming up with a thesis statement that you can support using all of the sources you've read for your essay. For example, your thesis statement could be "Texting has had a positive impact on the English language." Once you've got your thesis, go through your sources to find specific quotes, facts, and statistics that back up your claim. Structure your essay so it has an introduction that includes your thesis statement, a body that includes your arguments and evidence, and a conclusion that wraps everything up. For more tips on structuring your synthesis essay, read on! Did this summary help you? Yes No

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Mar 23, 2023

Synthesis Essay Examples | Tips to Write a Winning Synthesis Essay

Are you tired of sifting through countless articles on how to write a synthesis essay? Look no further! Our comprehensive guide will help you master the art of synthesis writing!

One of the more interesting assignments you could get is writing a synthesis essay. College and university students write these papers to show that they can conduct extensive research, analyze complex ideas, and present an argument's essential building blocks.

The ideal synthesis paper will synthesize the information from multiple sources and advocate for a unique central thesis. Finding the synthesis statement will allow you to integrate it with other theses, leading to a more well-organized synthesis essay. 

Jenni.ai is an AI-powered application that can assist you in writing a synthesis essay if you've ever pondered how to do so. In just a few minutes, this artificial intelligence can compose a full thesis. In other words, if you want your essay to look and read just like it was written by a person, this is the service to use.

What is a Synthesis Essay?

A synthesis essay is a type of academic writing that requires the student to combine different ideas, arguments, or information from various sources into a coherent and well-supported essay.

The goal of a synthesis essay is to demonstrate the writer's ability to critically analyze and evaluate a variety of sources , draw connections between them, and present a well-reasoned argument that supports a particular thesis statement.

The sources used in a synthesis essay can come from a variety of places, including academic journals, books, newspapers, magazines, and websites. The writer must analyze each source carefully and determine how it relates to the topic at hand. They must also evaluate the credibility of each source and decide which ones are most relevant and useful for their argument.

To write a successful synthesis essay, the writer must follow a specific format. The essay should have an introduction that includes a clear thesis statement that outlines the main argument of the essay. 

The body paragraphs should each focus on a different aspect of the argument, using evidence and examples from the sources to support the writer's claims. The essay should also include a counterargument that addresses potential criticisms of the writer's position.

One of the most challenging aspects of writing a synthesis essay is organizing the information from the sources into a coherent argument. The writer must determine which sources are most relevant and useful for their argument and then decide how to incorporate them into the essay. They must also be able to synthesize the information from the sources in a way that is clear and easy to follow.

Another challenge of writing a synthesis essay is avoiding plagiarism. Because the writer is using information and ideas from other sources, they must be careful to give credit to the original authors. 

They must also be careful not to copy and paste information directly from the sources without proper citation. Writing a successful synthesis essay requires critical thinking, careful organization of information, and proper citation to avoid plagiarism.

Different Types of Synthesis Essay

There are generally two types of synthesis essays: explanatory synthesis essays and argumentative synthesis essays.

Explanatory Synthesis Essays: 

This type of essay aims to explain a topic or issue to the reader. The writer collects information from different sources and presents it in a clear and organized way, highlighting the key points and explaining how they relate to the topic. The goal is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter, without taking a particular stance or arguing a specific point of view.

Argumentative Synthesis Essays: 

This type of essay aims to persuade the reader to adopt a specific point of view or take a particular action. The writer collects information from different sources and uses it to build a case for their argument. The goal is to present a well-supported argument that convinces the reader to agree with the writer's position.

Both types of synthesis essays require the writer to critically analyze and evaluate different sources, draw connections between them, and present a well-reasoned argument. However, the key difference between the two types is the writer's goal: to explain in the explanatory synthesis essay and to persuade in the argumentative synthesis essay.

Things to Consider When Writing a Synthesis Essay

A successful synthesis essay should contain several key elements that work together to create a well-supported argument. Here are some of the most important elements that a writer should include in their synthesis essay:

A Clear Thesis Statement: The thesis statement is the central argument of the essay. It should be clear, concise, and specific, outlining the main point that the writer is trying to make.

Well-Organized Paragraphs: The body paragraphs of the essay should be well-organized and easy to follow. Each paragraph should focus on a single idea or point, and the information presented should be relevant to the thesis statement.

Evidence from Sources: The writer should use evidence from a variety of sources to support their argument. They should be careful to use only credible sources and to properly cite all of their sources using the appropriate citation style.

Analysis and Interpretation: The writer should not simply summarize the sources they are using. They should also analyze and interpret the information presented , highlighting key points and drawing connections between different sources.

Counterarguments: The writer should acknowledge potential counterarguments to their position and address them in their essay. This shows that the writer has considered multiple perspectives and is able to make a strong case for their position.

Transition Words and Phrases: The writer should use transition words and phrases to help the reader follow the logical flow of their argument. These words and phrases help to connect different ideas and make the essay easier to read and understand.

Conclusion: The conclusion should summarize the main points of the essay and restate the thesis statement in a new way. It should also provide a final thought or call to action that leaves a lasting impression on the reader.

A successful synthesis essay should have a clear thesis statement, well-organized paragraphs, evidence from sources, analysis and interpretation of the information presented, acknowledgement of counterarguments, use of transition words and phrases, and a conclusion that summarizes the main points and provides a final thought or call to action.

By including these elements in their essay, the writer can create a well-supported argument that is easy to follow and understand.

How Can You Write a Synthesis Essay?

Writing a synthesis essay requires careful planning, research, and organization. Here are the steps to follow when writing a synthesis essay:

Choose a Topic: The first step is to choose a topic for the essay. This topic should be broad enough to allow for multiple perspectives and sources, but specific enough to be manageable. Once the topic has been chosen, the writer should develop a clear thesis statement that outlines the main argument of the essay.

Conduct Research: The next step is to conduct research on the topic. This research should include a variety of sources, such as academic journals, books, newspapers, magazines, and websites. The writer should be sure to evaluate the credibility of each source and determine which ones are most relevant and useful for their argument.

Create an Outline: With the research in hand, the writer should create an outline for the essay. This outline should include the thesis statement, main points, and evidence from sources that support each point. The writer should also consider potential counterarguments and how to address them in the essay.

Write the Essay: Using the outline as a guide, the writer should begin writing the essay. Each paragraph should focus on a single idea or point, with evidence from sources to support the argument. The writer should be sure to properly cite all sources using the appropriate citation style.

Revise and Edit: Once the first draft of the essay is complete, the writer should revise and edit it carefully. This includes checking for spelling and grammar errors, as well as ensuring that the essay flows logically and is easy to follow. The writer should also consider the feedback of others, such as peers or professors, and make any necessary revisions based on that feedback.

Finalize the Essay: After revising and editing the essay, the writer should finalize it by formatting it according to the appropriate guidelines and double-checking all citations and references.

In conclusion, writing a synthesis essay requires careful planning, research, and organization. By following these steps, the writer can create a well-supported argument that is easy to follow and understand.

Tips for Writing A Synthesis Essay

Here are some tips you can use when writing a synthesis essay:

Draft freely: When drafting the essay itself, try not to be too judgmental of your work too early on. You can get your thoughts down on paper this way, and then edit your writing later.

Read thoroughly: Interpreting texts and drawing new conclusions from what you've read is the backbone of a synthesis essay. You can improve the clarity of your writing by reading extensively, taking notes, and looking up any words or ideas you don't understand.

Take a printout:  If you want to double-check the structure of your essay before turning it in, printing it out is a good idea. You could verify consistency in formatting by comparing it to a template or sample.

Read it aloud: If you read your essay aloud to yourself, you can pick up on any sections that are confusing or need to be revised. You should think about doing this in order to catch any stray language or spelling errors.

What is the Structure of a Synthesis Essay?

The structure of a synthesis essay is similar to that of any other essay. It includes an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. However, there are some specific elements that are unique to a synthesis essay.

Introduction: The introduction should provide background information on the topic and end with a clear thesis statement that outlines the main argument of the essay.

Body paragraphs: The body paragraphs should be organized around different aspects of the argument, with each paragraph focusing on a single idea or point. Each paragraph should include evidence from sources to support the argument and include a proper citation. It is important to smoothly transition between paragraphs and to address potential counterarguments.

Synthesis: The synthesis part of the essay is where the writer brings together information from different sources to support their argument. This means summarizing and analyzing the information from different sources and showing how they support the thesis statement.

Conclusion: The conclusion should summarize the argument and restate the thesis statement in a way that brings the essay to a satisfying close. It should not introduce any new information, but rather, provide a final perspective on the topic.

Bibliography: Include a source list at the conclusion of your paper to correctly credit your research materials, whether you're using the APA, MLA, AP, or Chicago Manual of Style guidelines. This section, which includes a summary of in-text citations, can occupy up to two pages of your work.

Overall, a synthesis essay should have a clear and logical structure that effectively presents the writer's argument and supports it with evidence from multiple sources.

2 Examples of Synthesis Essays

Never forget who you are and what is essential for you

Introduction

The idea of "never forget who you are and what is essential for you" is a powerful reminder to stay true to oneself, to one's values, and to one's goals in life. It is easy to lose track of what is important when we are bombarded with distractions, societal expectations, and peer pressure.

However, staying focused on what truly matters can help us navigate life's challenges and find fulfillment and happiness. In this essay, I will synthesize the importance of knowing oneself and what is essential in life.

Knowing Yourself

The first step in never forgetting who you are is to know yourself. This means understanding your values, beliefs, strengths, weaknesses, and passions. Self-awareness is crucial in personal growth and development. When we know ourselves, we can make better decisions, set realistic goals, and communicate effectively with others.

It is essential to take time to reflect on our thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. This can be done through journaling, meditation, or therapy. By knowing ourselves, we can avoid getting lost in the noise of the world and stay grounded in our truth.

What is Essential?

Knowing what is essential in life is subjective and varies from person to person. However, there are a few universal essentials that can guide us in our journey. These include health, relationships, purpose, and personal growth. Our physical and mental well-being is vital for us to function at our best.

Building and maintaining positive relationships with our family, friends, and community can bring joy and support to our lives. Having a sense of purpose, whether it is through work, hobbies, or volunteering, gives us a reason to wake up in the morning. Finally, personal growth and learning are essential for us to evolve as individuals and reach our potential.

Staying True to Yourself

Staying true to oneself requires a strong sense of self-awareness, confidence, and courage. It means not compromising one's values or beliefs to please others or fit in with societal norms. It is easy to get caught up in the pressure of conforming to what is expected of us.

However, staying true to oneself is the key to authenticity and happiness. It is important to trust one's intuition, voice, and choices. It may not always be easy, but it is necessary to honor oneself and live a fulfilling life.

Challenges in Staying True

Staying true to oneself is not always easy, and there are various challenges that can arise. Peer pressure, societal expectations, and fear of rejection can make it challenging to stay true to oneself. It can be tempting to compromise one's beliefs to fit in or avoid conflict.

However, it is important to remember that staying true to oneself is the only way to live a fulfilling life. It may require courage, vulnerability, and resilience, but it is worth it in the end.

In conclusion, never forgetting who you are and what is essential for you is crucial for personal growth, fulfilment, and happiness. Knowing oneself, understanding what is essential, and staying true to oneself are the key ingredients to living an authentic life. 

It may not always be easy, but it is worth the effort. We all have the power to shape our lives and create the reality we want. By staying true to ourselves, we can navigate life's challenges and find purpose and meaning in our journey.

Bibliography

Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly. Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience. Harper Collins, 1990.

Goleman, Daniel. Emotional Intelligence: Why it Can Matter More than IQ. Bantam Books, 1995.

Tolle, Eckhart. The Power of Now: A Guide to Spiritual Enlightenment. New World Library, 1999.

Pink, Daniel H. Drive: The Surprising Truth About Overthinking About Life Distracts You From It

As human beings, it is natural to contemplate our purpose and existence, but overthinking about life can be detrimental. Overthinking can lead to anxiety, stress, and a loss of focus on the present moment. Instead of living in the moment, we get caught up in hypothetical scenarios and worst-case scenarios that distract us from reality.

In this essay, we will explore how overthinking about life distracts us from living it and what we can do to break free from this cycle.

The Negative Effects of Overthinking

Overthinking can be paralyzing and can prevent us from taking action. It can cause us to doubt ourselves and our abilities, leading to inaction and missed opportunities. Additionally, overthinking can lead to anxiety, which can affect our physical health, sleep patterns, and overall well-being.

When we focus too much on what could happen or what we could have done differently, we lose sight of the present moment, which can lead to a lack of enjoyment and appreciation for life.

Overthinking and Decision-Making

Overthinking can also have a negative impact on decision-making. When we overthink, we can become indecisive and take longer to make decisions. We may also struggle to weigh the pros and cons effectively, leading to poor decision-making. This can lead to regret and dissatisfaction with the outcome, which can further fuel the cycle of overthinking.

Breaking Free from Overthinking

Breaking free from overthinking requires a conscious effort to focus on the present moment. Mindfulness techniques, such as meditation and deep breathing exercises, can help us become more aware of our thoughts and feelings. These techniques can help us observe our thoughts without judgment and bring us back to the present moment.

Another technique is to set aside a specific time each day to reflect on our thoughts and feelings. This can be done through journaling, talking to a friend or therapist, or simply taking a few minutes to reflect. By setting aside a specific time to reflect, we can avoid getting caught up in overthinking throughout the day.

Finally, it is important to take action and make decisions, even if they are not perfect. By taking action, we can break the cycle of overthinking and move forward. We can also learn from our mistakes and adjust our approach in the future.

In conclusion, overthinking life can distract us from living it. It can lead to anxiety, stress, and indecision, which can prevent us from taking action and enjoying life. By practising mindfulness techniques, setting aside time for reflection, and taking action, we can break free from the cycle of overthinking and live in the present moment.

Brach, T. (2003). Radical Acceptance: Embracing Your Life with the Heart of a Buddha. Random House.

Harris, S. (2014). 10% Happier: How I Tamed the Voice in My Head, Reduced Stress Without Losing My Edge, and Found Self-Help That Actually Works--A True Story. It Books.

Kross, E., & Ayduk, O. (2017). Self-Distancing: Theory, Research, and Current Directions. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 55, 81-136.

Segerstrom, S. C. (2018). Optimism and Resources: Effects on Each Other and on Health over Time. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 115(1), 107-126.

Singh, N. N., Lancioni, G. E., Winton, A. S. W., Karazsia, B. T., Myers, R. E., Latham, L. L., & Singh, J. (2007). Mindful Parenting Decreases Aggression, Noncompliance, and Parenting

Final Words

Of course, synthesis essays can be daunting because they are so different from the essays you've written before. This task may seem daunting at first, but with these pointers in mind, you should be able to take on the research, analysis, and writing necessary to earn a passing grade.

However, if you find yourself stuck and in need of assistance with your synthesis essay, you can use Jenni.ai to quickly and convincingly compose an essay on any subject in the style of a human writer. This AI-powered tool can help you quickly craft a thesis statement on any given subject. If you're a student who often finds yourself stuck when trying to complete writing assignments, Jenni.ai can be a lifesaver.

Try Jenni for free today

Create your first piece of content with Jenni today and never look back

How to Write a Synthesis Essay: Examples, Topics, & Outline

A synthesis essay requires you to work with multiple sources. You combine the information gathered from them to present a well-rounded argument on a topic. Are you looking for the ultimate guide on synthesis essay writing? You’ve come to the right place!

In this guide by our custom writing team, you will find:

• a step-by-step writing guide;
• a list of 34 synthesis essay topics;
• a full essay sample in MLA format.
• 📚 Synthesis Essay Definition
• 📝 Essay Types
• ✅ Step-by-Step Guide
• ✍️ Topics & Prompts
• 📑 Example & Formatting Tips

📚 What Is a Synthesis Essay?

A synthesis essay is an assignment that requires a unique interpretation of a particular topic using several reliable sources. To write it, you need to understand, analyze, and synthesize information. That is why this type of essay is used in the AP Lang exam to assess students’ reasoning skills.

The key features of the synthesis essay are:

• Debatable topic . If your goal is to write a good synthesis essay, it’s necessary to choose an arguable topic. It’s best to choose something that people have different opinions about. This will allow you to use many sources with various viewpoints for your synthesis.
• Clear thesis statement. It’s a sentence that briefly describes the main idea of your essay.
• Reliable sources to prove your thesis . For a synthesis essay, your opinion is not enough. You also need to find the evidence. Keep in mind that simply reading an online encyclopedia won’t do; make sure to choose only reliable sources.

What Does It Mean to Synthesize Information?

Synthesis is a process that has huge importance in nature, science, and our everyday life. The word stems from Ancient Greek “synthesis,” which means “putting together.” In general, synthesis is the combination of components to form a connected whole.

In everyday life, we usually resort to it to synthesize information . This means taking the data from different sources and bringing it together. This process is the opposite of analyzing:

• For an analysis , you break problems into pieces,
• For a synthesis , you combine separate elements into a whole.

We use synthesis for analysis papers, research papers, argument papers, and business reports.

What Does Synthesis Mean in Writing?

Synthesis in writing means summarizing and connecting different sources considering a particular topic. Although synthesis and analysis are two opposite things, they usually go together in synthesis essays. The process consists of 2 stages:

• Conduct the analysis. For that, you break down a problem into parts and analyze the sources. It’s helpful to highlight everything regarding your topic while reading.
• Carry out the synthesis. The next step is to formulate an opinion and combine the highlighted information from the sources.

Synthesis is not only used in writing but also in reading comprehension . It’s useful to do this kind of reading while studying your sources. There are three reading comprehension stages:

• Your previous knowledge about the topic.
• Expansion of your knowledge while you are reading.
• Understanding of the problem when you have finished reading.

So, synthesized reading comprehension means combining three stages in one and formulating one statement.

Synthesis vs Summary: What Is the Difference?

A summary is a paraphrasing of the written source in your own words. For a good summary, it’s necessary to include all of the text’s key elements. Meanwhile, synthesis means combining different ideas from different sources. You don’t have to include all the key points; just choose everything related to your topic.

Both of these techniques are used for the synthesis essay:

• The summary goes in the conclusion. You briefly sum up your paper’s main ideas.
• Synthesis goes in the body paragraphs. Here, you combine multiple sources to prove a point.

📝 Synthesis Essay Types

There are two main types of a synthesis essay: argument and explanatory synthesis.

Both of them require working with multiple reliable sources and analyzing information. The only difference is that an argument synthesis essay requires your own opinion, while an explanatory synthesis essay does not.

Argument Synthesis Essay: Outline and Definition

As you already know, an argument synthesis essay requires you to state your own opinion about the given topic and back it up with several reliable sources. The purpose of such an essay is to persuade the reader that your point is correct.

Here’s what an argument synthesis essay consists of:

Explanatory Synthesis Essay: Definition and How to Write

An explanatory informative synthesis essay requires you to stay neutral towards the problem you are discussing. This means you cannot express your own opinion considering the given question or a problem. Your task is just to inform the reader. That’s why this essay type is also called informative synthesis.

Check out this explanatory essay outline:

✅ How to Write a Synthesis Essay Step by Step

When it comes to the synthesis essay outline, it’s not too different from other assignments. Have a look at this template:

How to Synthesize: Working with Sources

After you’ve decided on your topic, it’s time to figure out how to synthesize articles into one text. This is how you do it:

• Choose reliable sources: the ones printed in journals or published on academic websites.
• Become familiar with them and see if they fit into your essay.
• Try to find a few sources for each point. It will increase your essay’s reliability.
• Relate each source to your arguments and see similarities between them.
• Don’t forget to list every source in the references.

When you are done with a comprehensive analysis of related literature, try to step back and imagine a person who has a different opinion on this topic. Think of some arguments that they can provide to prove their opinion. After you have the list of arguments, find the written evidence of why they are wrong and put them in your essay.

Analyzing and organizing sources is the first and very important step for the synthesis essay. So make sure you do understand what the text means before using it as a reference.

Synthesis Essay Outline: How to Write

For structuring your essay, it’s useful to try mapping . This technique means combining the information from different sources and rearranging it to create a new direction. To do it, you need to analyze the authors’ ideas and come up with your own conclusions.

The best way to do that is called synthesis matrix or graphic organizer. It’s a chart that you can make when you start working on your essay. Here you have a horizontal column that states the main ideas and a few vertical columns that present sources. Your task is to take sources you have chosen and write down the main ideas from them.

Here’s an example of a matrix chart:

While doing that, you will see how many sources contain the same ideas. When you analyze them, you will be able to formulate your thesis backed up with evidence. The synthesis matrix also helps to see new arguments you can cover in your synthesis paper.

How to Write an Introduction for a Synthesis Essay

Now it’s time to start writing the paper. In the introductory part of the essay, you can include:

• A short yet catchy sentence or a quotation that would present the topic. The start of your essay should make people interested. It’s best to make the first sentence not only informative but also easy to understand.
• The texts that are used for the essay. Provide the titles and the authors’ names (use the appropriate guidelines depending on the writing style.)
• The background information which is needed to understand your essay. Definitions of terms or unknown words considering the topic can be included in this part. Otherwise, people may find it hard to understand what they are reading about.

How to Write a Thesis for a Synthesis Essay

A thesis statement is a point of view on a certain problem that you will defend in your essay. It should contain the key points that you want to include in your paper. Here’s how to create a perfect thesis statement:

• Find several central ideas in the chart.
• Choose the ones that are repeated the most often and the ones that you feel need to be in your essay.
• Combine them, and you have a thesis statement with all the key points.
• Make a draft of the thesis statement. Try to formulate the main idea you want to present in your essay.
• Elaborate on this idea. Add some details and expand it a bit further.

If the whole picture is coherent, and it conveys exactly what you wanted, then this is your perfect thesis statement. See the example below:

Gender inequality still exists at the workplace: women are less likely to get the most responsible positions, easily lose careers due to maternity leave, and often receive less pay for the same amount of work.

How to Write Synthesis Paragraphs for the Main Body

Your essay’s main body consists of a few paragraphs. Each of them presents a different argument considering the topic. When you start a paragraph, make sure to begin with a topic sentence, which informs the reader about the paragraph’s main idea. Then, include the synthesized sources and elaborate on them.

Here’s what you should and shouldn’t do when writing the main body:

You can use the following words to present the ideas from your sources. They will help you reflect the authors’ tone:

How to Conclude a Synthesis Essay

There are quite a few ways to conclude the synthesis paper. Have a look at some of the options:

• Paraphrase the thesis. As you remember, the thesis is the main idea of your essay. The conclusion is a good place to remind your readers about it. When they are done with the reading, they remember the most important thing from your essay.
• Synthesize the arguments. There is no need to repeat everything you wrote in your essay. Just briefly summarize the most crucial points.
• Answer the “So what” question. Tell the readers why this topic matters, why you’ve chosen it, and why it’s valuable for the reader.
• Provide a closure. It’s an effective strategy when you want to make the reader think. Leave them with a strong statement at the end of your essay.

Synthesis Paper Proofreading Tips

When you have finally written your paper, there is still one important thing left to do. You need to check your paper for any grammatical and contextual mistakes. You certainly can do it yourself, but it would be perfect if you could ask somebody else to read it.

The first thing you need to check grammar-wise is the tense you are using. There is no single tense you need to use for the synthesis essay. It depends on the format:

• If you’re writing in MLA format, use the present tense;
• For APA essays, you use the past tense.

The next step is to check whether your synthesis essay has everything that’s required. For that, we have prepared the checklist of questions you can ask yourself to proofread your essays.

• Is there a clear thesis statement?
• Did you include all of the key points from the synthesis?
• Are there clear transitions between paragraphs?
• Did you organize a paragraph around a single idea?
• Did you use reliable and up-to-date sources?
• Did you analyze sources rather than just summarize them?
• Did you mention every source you’ve used?

If you’ve answered “yes” to all the questions—congratulations, you are done with the essay! Otherwise, you need to come back and fix everything that you’ve answered “no” to.

✍️ Synthesis Essay Topics and Prompts

Sometimes, when you don’t have a topic , it is tough to come up with a suitable idea. That is why we have prepared two lists of topics that you can use for any synthesis essay type.

Explanatory Synthesis Essay Topics

The topics below are suitable for an explanatory synthesis essay:

• The beginning of Hollywood cinema. Cinema is a huge industry in the USA. Tell the readers about its history. Describe what it was like in the beginning, which movie was the first one, and who started this industry.
• Tactics on dealing with noisy children. Sometimes kids can be very loud, especially in public places. Write about different tactics that can help with this issue.
• The effects of climate change on the water cycle.  Climate change has affected the water cycle significantly. Your task is to explain how.
• The best American cities to live in. Provide the list of the best cities and explain why you’ve included them.
• The importance of a healthy diet . Keeping a healthy diet is beneficial in many ways. Write about all the advantages it brings.
• Who can become an entrepreneur? Entrepreneurship is not for everybody. In this essay, you can describe the qualities needed for having your own business.
• The correlation between overpopulation and poverty . Describe how overpopulation leads to poverty and vice versa.
• The advantages of taking an active vacation.
• Cultural shock as a part of moving to a different country.
• The consequences of the first wave of feminism.
• Synthesis of Tan and Rodriguez’ essays ideas. 
• Difficulties you may encounter during the job interview.
• How does reading prevent Alzheimer’s disease?
• The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on businesses.
• The connection between religion and politics in ruling the country.
• What can non-verbal signals tell you about a person?
• The psychology of leadership .
• The origins of the most common  stereotypes  about Americans.
• Role of social media in business communication.
• The synthesis of personal nursing philosophy concept. 
• Behavioral components of schizophrenia and psychosis.
• Main components of successful entrepreneurship.
• Critical components of scientific research.
• Change in religion and human beliefs throughout history.
• The effect of global warming on modern life.

Argument Synthesis Paper Topics

The list of topics for the Argument Synthesis Essay:

• Vaping is better than smoking. People are starting to exchange cigarettes for vapes and e-cigarettes. In what ways are they less harmful?
• Rich people should pay higher taxes. The same percentage of money doesn’t equal for rich and poor people. Explain why the ones who can afford more should share with others.
• Depression is a disease. Prove that psychological problems must be recognized as real health issues that should be cured and not ignored.
• Social media affects young people’s lives. Social media has a massive influence on people. In this essay, you can discuss which life spheres are the most affected.
• Beauty pageants should be banned. Provide the reasons why they should be banned and tell the reader about psychological problems they can cause.
• People should cut meat from their diet to stop global warming. Describe how the meat industry influences climate change.
• The voting age should be 25+. Your task is to show the reasons why the votes of people under 25 should not be taken into account during elections.
• A healthy lifestyle requires a lot of money.
• Each healthy man should serve in the military.
• School bullying should be punished by immediate exclusion.
• Does friendship exist between men and women?
• Drinking coffee is a bad habit.
• Working hard is more important than being talented.
• Everybody should visit a therapist at least once.
• Should universities be free?
• Artificial intelligence will cause huge unemployment rates.
• Gaming should not be allowed to children under 18.
• Components and strategies of social responsibility
• Integration of relevant ethical theory and conceptual principles in health care 
• Children under 10 should be banned from gadgets.  
• Social media platforms facilitate cyberbullying.
• Issues of distance education.
• Social media addiction is a serious disease.
• Deforestation critically contributes to global warming.
• Healthcare should be free for everyone.

📑 Synthesis Essay Example & Synthesis Essay Format Tips

Now let’s talk about formatting. There are two writing styles you can use for a synthesis essay: APA or MLA. You need to choose the one that is required for your assignment.

We will start with the paper in APA format. It is usually used in science and education.

And these are MLA formatting rules:

Finally, we’ve prepared a synthesis essay sample for you to check out. Feel free to download the PDF file below:

First introduced in the Civil Rights Act of 1964, affirmative action policies aim to mitigate the discrepancy in opportunities available for underrepresented social groups by taking into account one’s minority background. The policies have become a pressing public issue that obstructs previously marginalized individuals, particularly in the educational environment.

Thank you for reading the ultimate guide on synthesis essay writing. We hope you found it helpful. Don’t forget to share it with your friends. Good luck with your assignments!

🔍 References

• Writing a Synthesis Essay: Bowling Green State University
• What Is Synthesis: University of Manitoba
• Synthesis: Biology Online
• Reading Strategies: Difference Summarizing and Synthesizing: WordPress
• Summary, Analysis, Synthesis Definitions: University of Utah
• Argumentative Synthesis: University of Arkansas
• How to Synthesize Written Information: Simply Psychology
• Mapping of Synthesis Essay: University of Nevada, Reno
• Writing a Literature Review and Using a Synthesis Matrix: Florida International University
• Synthesis Essay: Cleveland State University
• Literature Review: Synthesizing Multiple Sources: Louisiana State University
• Writing a Conclusion: Texas Women’s University
• General APA Guidelines: Purdue University
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• Synthesizing Sources | Examples & Synthesis Matrix

Synthesizing Sources | Examples & Synthesis Matrix

Published on July 4, 2022 by Eoghan Ryan . Revised on May 31, 2023.

Synthesizing sources involves combining the work of other scholars to provide new insights. It’s a way of integrating sources that helps situate your work in relation to existing research.

Synthesizing sources involves more than just summarizing . You must emphasize how each source contributes to current debates, highlighting points of (dis)agreement and putting the sources in conversation with each other.

You might synthesize sources in your literature review to give an overview of the field or throughout your research paper when you want to position your work in relation to existing research.

Table of contents

Example of synthesizing sources, how to synthesize sources, synthesis matrix, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about synthesizing sources.

Let’s take a look at an example where sources are not properly synthesized, and then see what can be done to improve it.

This paragraph provides no context for the information and does not explain the relationships between the sources described. It also doesn’t analyze the sources or consider gaps in existing research.

Research on the barriers to second language acquisition has primarily focused on age-related difficulties. Building on Lenneberg’s (1967) theory of a critical period of language acquisition, Johnson and Newport (1988) tested Lenneberg’s idea in the context of second language acquisition. Their research seemed to confirm that young learners acquire a second language more easily than older learners. Recent research has considered other potential barriers to language acquisition. Schepens, van Hout, and van der Slik (2022) have revealed that the difficulties of learning a second language at an older age are compounded by dissimilarity between a learner’s first language and the language they aim to acquire. Further research needs to be carried out to determine whether the difficulty faced by adult monoglot speakers is also faced by adults who acquired a second language during the “critical period.”

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To synthesize sources, group them around a specific theme or point of contention.

As you read sources, ask:

• What questions or ideas recur? Do the sources focus on the same points, or do they look at the issue from different angles?
• How does each source relate to others? Does it confirm or challenge the findings of past research?
• Where do the sources agree or disagree?

Once you have a clear idea of how each source positions itself, put them in conversation with each other. Analyze and interpret their points of agreement and disagreement. This displays the relationships among sources and creates a sense of coherence.

Consider both implicit and explicit (dis)agreements. Whether one source specifically refutes another or just happens to come to different conclusions without specifically engaging with it, you can mention it in your synthesis either way.

Synthesize your sources using:

• Topic sentences to introduce the relationship between the sources
• Signal phrases to attribute ideas to their authors
• Transition words and phrases to link together different ideas

To more easily determine the similarities and dissimilarities among your sources, you can create a visual representation of their main ideas with a synthesis matrix . This is a tool that you can use when researching and writing your paper, not a part of the final text.

In a synthesis matrix, each column represents one source, and each row represents a common theme or idea among the sources. In the relevant rows, fill in a short summary of how the source treats each theme or topic.

This helps you to clearly see the commonalities or points of divergence among your sources. You can then synthesize these sources in your work by explaining their relationship.

If you want to know more about ChatGPT, AI tools , citation , and plagiarism , make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples.

• ChatGPT vs human editor
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• Using ChatGPT for your studies
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Synthesizing sources means comparing and contrasting the work of other scholars to provide new insights.

It involves analyzing and interpreting the points of agreement and disagreement among sources.

You might synthesize sources in your literature review to give an overview of the field of research or throughout your paper when you want to contribute something new to existing research.

A literature review is a survey of scholarly sources (such as books, journal articles, and theses) related to a specific topic or research question .

It is often written as part of a thesis, dissertation , or research paper , in order to situate your work in relation to existing knowledge.

Topic sentences help keep your writing focused and guide the reader through your argument.

In an essay or paper , each paragraph should focus on a single idea. By stating the main idea in the topic sentence, you clarify what the paragraph is about for both yourself and your reader.

At college level, you must properly cite your sources in all essays , research papers , and other academic texts (except exams and in-class exercises).

Add a citation whenever you quote , paraphrase , or summarize information or ideas from a source. You should also give full source details in a bibliography or reference list at the end of your text.

The exact format of your citations depends on which citation style you are instructed to use. The most common styles are APA , MLA , and Chicago .

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Academic Synthesis

 What is  synthesis ?

Synthesis is a key feature of analytical academic writing. It is the skill of being able to combine a number of sources in a clause, paragraph or text to either support an argument or refute it. We also synthesise sources to be able to compare and contrast ideas and to further expand on a point. It is important that the writer shows the reader that they have researched the subject matter extensively in order to not only demonstrate how a variety of sources can agree or disagree but also to present more balanced arguments.

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  Academic Synthesis: synthesising sources

This lesson is designed to support students in their understanding and use of synthesising sources. It includes noticing the use of sources in context, a language focus with examples, two guided writing practice activities, a freer practice paragraph writing task with model answer and teacher’s notes – see worksheet example. Time: 120mins.   Level *** ** [ B1/B2/C1]   TEACHER MEMBERSHIP / INSTITUTIONAL MEMBERSHIP

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Paragraph example of synthesis.

Look at this paragraph containing synthesised sources. Highlight the citations / in-text references and their corresponding point made.

Coursework versus examination assessment

Using assignment essays for assessment supports learning better than the traditional examination system. It is considered that course-work assignment essays can lessen the extreme stress experienced by some students over ‘sudden death’ end of semester examinations and reduce the failure rate (Langdon, 2016). Study skills research by Peters et al. (2018) support assessment by assignment because research assignments can be used to assess student learning mid-course and so provide them with helpful feedback. They also consider that assignment work lends itself to more critical approaches which help the students to learn the discourse of their subjects. In contrast, Abbot (2008) and Cane (2018) both argue that assignments are inefficient, costly to manage and are the cause of plagiarism problems in universities. A key argument is that “assessment by examination is a clean-cut approach as you obtain students’ knowledge under supervised circumstances” (Bable, 2008, p.20). The weight of evidence, however, would suggest that it is a fairer and more balanced approach to have some assessment by assignment rather than completely by examinations.

Using assignment essays for assessment supports learning better than the traditional examination system. It is considered that course-work assignment essays can lessen the extreme stress experienced by some students over ‘sudden death’ end of semester examinations and r educe the failure rate (Langdon, 2016) . Study skills research by  Peters et al. (2018) support assessment by assignment because r esearch assignments can be used to assess student learning mid-course and so provide them with helpful feedback. They also consider that assignment work lends itself to more critical approaches which help the students to learn the discourse of their subjects . In contrast, Abbot (2008) and Cane (2018) both argue that assignments are inefficient, costly to manage and are the cause of plagiarism problems in universities. A key argument is that “assessment by examination is a clean-cut approach as you obtain students’ knowledge under supervised circumstances” (Bable, 2008, p.20) . The weight of evidence, however, would suggest that it is a fairer and more balanced approach to have some assessment by assignment rather than completely by examinations.

Language Focus

The writer synthesises two sources to be able to support their argument for assignment examinations.

It is considered that course-work assignment essays can lessen the extreme stress experienced by some students over ‘sudden death’ end of semester examinations and reduce the failure rate  (Langdon, 2016) . Study skills research by  Peters et al. (2018)  support assessment by assignment because research assignments can be used to assess student learning mid-course and so provide them with helpful feedback.

The writer synthesises two connected sources to be show the opposing views to assignment based examinations.

In contrast,  Abbot (2008)  and  Cane (2018)  both argue that assignments are inefficient, costly to manage and are the cause of plagiarism problems in universities.

The writer synthesises another relevant source through quotation to further support the point  against assignment-based examinations.

A key argument is that “assessment by examination is a clean-cut approach as you obtain students’ knowledge under supervised circumstances”   (Bable, 2008, p.20) .

The writer could synthesise a number of sources together to show they have applied comprehensive academic research into the topic.

Study skills research by Jones et al. (2010), UCL (2016), Wilson (2017) and Peters (2018) support assessment by assignment because research assignments can be used to assess student learning mid-course and so provide them with helpful feedback.

Study skills research supports assessment by assignment because research assignments can be used to assess student learning mid-course and so provide them with helpful feedback (Jones et al., 2010; UCL, 2016; Wilson, 2017 & Peters, 2018) .

Integral and non-integral referencing

When synthesising sources, it is important to incorporate and reference them accurately. This can be done in two ways:

• Integral citations are where the author is the main subject of clause and only the year is placed in brackets. A reporting verb ( argue, claim, suggest etc.) is required to introduce the rest of the clause.

2. In non-integral citations, both the author and year is stated in parenthesis at the end of a clause. There must also be a comma separating the name and year.

Synthesis Practice

Suggested answer

Although the main goal of the World Bank is to reduce poverty and foster economic growth in developing countries (Johnson, 2018) , Williams (2019) highlights that there has been an increase in the level of poverty in Africa.

For a detailed worksheet and more exercises – buy the  download below.

Arnold (2019) asserts that the decline of printed newspapers is mainly due to increased online activity overall. As we spend more time on the Internet in general than we did ten years previously, the more likely we are to search for news stories through search engines or blogs (James, 2020).

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Two part worksheet that is a paragraph and reference list.  Students have to put in the correct in-text reference. The second part is a reference list exercise where students have to put the sections in the correct order. A nice lesson to introduce students to referencing and becoming aware of key referencing principles.  Level ** ** * [B1/B2/C1]  Example  / Webpage link / TEACHER MEMBERSHIP  / INSTITUTIONAL MEMBERSHIP

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Referencing: Harvard Referencing Worksheet 2

This lesson supports students in their understanding and use of Harvard referencing. It contains six worksheets: a discussion on referencing, a noticing activity, a reordering task, an error identification exercise, a sentence completion task, a gap-fill activity and a reference list task.   Level ** ** * [B1/B2/C1]  Example  / Webpage link / TEACHER MEMBERSHIP  / INSTITUTIONAL MEMBERSHIP

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Two part worksheet that is a paragraph and reference list. Students have to put in the correct in-text reference. The second part is a reference list exercise where students have to put the sections in the correct order. A nice lesson to introduce students to referencing and becoming aware of key referencing principles.  Level ** ** * [B1/B2/C1]    Example   / Webpage link   / TEACHER MEMBERSHIP  / INSTITUTIONAL MEMBERSHIP

This lesson supports students in their understanding and use of APA referencing. It contains six worksheets: a discussion on referencing, a noticing activity, a reordering task, an error identification exercise, a sentence completion task, a gap-fill activity and a reference list task. Level ** ** * [B1/B2/C1]    Example   / Webpage link   / TEACHER MEMBERSHIP  / INSTITUTIONAL MEMBERSHIP

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• Lit Review Prep Use this template to help you evaluate your sources, create article summaries for an annotated bibliography, and a synthesis matrix for your lit review outline.

Synthesize your Information

Synthesize: combine separate elements to form a whole.

Synthesis Matrix

A synthesis matrix helps you record the main points of each source and document how sources relate to each other.

After summarizing and evaluating your sources, arrange them in a matrix or use a citation manager to help you see how they relate to each other and apply to each of your themes or variables.  

By arranging your sources by theme or variable, you can see how your sources relate to each other, and can start thinking about how you weave them together to create a narrative.

• Step-by-Step Approach
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• Last Updated: Sep 26, 2023 10:25 AM
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Video Transcripts: Analyzing & Synthesizing Sources: Synthesis: Definition and Examples

Analyzing & synthesizing sources: synthesis: definition and examples.

Last updated 11/8/2016

Video Length: 2:50

Visual: The screen shows the Walden University Writing Center logo along with a pencil and notebook. “Walden University Writing Center.” “Your writing, grammar, and APA experts” appears in center of screen. The background changes to the title of the video with open books in the background.

Audio: Guitar music plays.

Visual: Slide changes to the title “Moving Towards Synthesis” and the following:

Interpreting, commenting on, explaining, discussion of, or making connections between MULTIPLE ideas and sources for the reader.

Often answers questions such as:

• What do these things mean when put together?
• How do you as the author interpret what you’ve presented?

Audio : Synthesis is a lot like, I like to say it's like analysis on steroids. It's a lot like analysis, where analysis is you're commenting or interpreting one piece of evidence or one idea, one paraphrase or one quote. Synthesis is where you take multiple pieces of evidence or multiple sources and their ideas and you talk about the connections between those ideas or those sources. And you talk about where they intersect or where they have commonalities or where they differ. And that's what synthesis is. But really, in synthesis, when we have synthesis, it really means we're working with multiple pieces of evidence and analyzing them.

Visual: Slide changes to the title “Examples of Synthesis” and the following example:

Ang (2016) found that small businesses that followed the theory of financial management reduced business costs by 12%, while Sonfield (2015) found that this theory reduced costs by 17%. These studies together confirmed that adopting the theory of financial management reduces costs for U.S. small businesses.

Audio: So here's an example for you. In this eaxmple we have Ang (2016), that's source number 1, right? Then Sonfield (2015), that's source number 2. They are both using this theory and found that it reduced costs by both 12% and 17%. So this is my evidence, right?

I have one sentence, but two pieces of evidence, because we're working with two different sources, Ang and Sonfield, one and two. In my next sentence, my last sentence here, we have my piece of synthesis. Because I'm taking these two sources and saying that they both found something very similar. They confirmed that adopting the theory for financial management reduces costs for small businesses. So I'm showing the commonality between these two sources. So it's a very, sort of, not simple, but, you know, clean approach to synthesis. It's a very direct approach to kind of showing the similarities between these two sources. So that's an example of synthesis, okay.

Visual : The following example is added to the slide:

Sharpe (2016) observed an increase in students’ ability to focus after they had recess. Similarly, Barnes (2015) found that hands-on activities also helped students focus. Both of these techniques have worked well in my classroom, helping me to keep my students engaged in learning.

Audio: Another example here. So Sharpe found that one thing helps students. Barnes found another thing helps students focus. Two different sources, two different ideas. In the bold sentence of synthesis, I'm taking these two ideas together and talking about how they have both worked well in my classroom.

The synthesis that we have here kind of take two different approaches. The first example is more about how these studies confirm something. The second example is about how these two ideas can be useful in my own practice, I'm applying it to my own practice, or the author is applying it to their own practice in the classroom. But they both are examples of synthesis and taking different pieces of evidence showing how they work together or relate, okay.

I kind of like to think of synthesis as taking two pieces of a puzzle. So each piece of evidence is a piece of the puzzle. And you're putting together those pieces for the reader and saying, look, this is the overall picture, right? This is what we can see, when these two pieces--or three pieces--of the puzzle are put together. So it's kind of like putting together a puzzle.

Visual: “Walden University Writing Center. Questions? E-mail [email protected] ” appears in center of screen.

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Home — Blog — Topic Ideas — 85 Synthesis Essay Topics for College Students

85 Synthesis Essay Topics for College Students

Synthesis essays are a key component of AP Language and Composition courses, providing students with an opportunity to delve into various sources, combine ideas, and present a cohesive argument. These essays require students to evaluate information, identify relationships between different sources, and construct a well-supported thesis. This article will provide an in-depth exploration of synthesis essay topics, including examples and tips for selecting good synthesis essay topics, and cover how to write an AP Lang synthesis essay. By the end, you'll be equipped with a wide array of synthesis topics and understand how to approach your next essay with confidence.

Understanding Synthesis Essays

Before diving into topics, it’s crucial to understand what a synthesis essay entails. A synthesis essay involves combining information from multiple sources to support a central argument or thesis. This type of essay requires you to:

• Analyze various sources: Evaluate the credibility and relevance of each source.
• Identify common themes: Look for overarching themes or ideas that connect the sources.
• Formulate a thesis: Develop a clear and concise thesis statement that reflects your synthesized understanding.
• Support your argument: Use evidence from the sources to back up your thesis, while also considering counterarguments.

Tips for Choosing a Good Synthesis Essay Topic

Selecting a good synthesis essay topic is essential for a successful essay. Here are some tips to help you choose a topic:

• Interest and Relevance: Choose a topic that interests you and is relevant to your course or current events.
• Availability of Sources: Ensure there are enough credible sources available on the topic.
• Debatability: Select a topic with multiple perspectives to facilitate a well-rounded argument.
• Scope: Avoid topics that are too broad or too narrow. Aim for a balanced scope that allows for thorough exploration without overwhelming you with information.

75 Good Synthesis Essay Topics

Here are some synthesis essay topics across various subjects:

Social Issues

• The Impact of Social Media on Mental Health: Analyze how social media platforms influence mental well-being.
• Abolishment of Capital Punishment
• Income Inequality and Its Effects on Society: Discuss the causes and consequences of income inequality.
• The Role of Education in Reducing Poverty: Explore how education can be a tool for poverty alleviation.
• The Influence of Pop Culture on Youth Identity: Examine how pop culture shapes the identities of young people.
• The Effectiveness of Gun Control Laws: Debate the effectiveness of existing gun control measures in reducing violence.
• The Relation of Black Lives Matter to "Nineteen Eighty-four" by George Orwell
• The Impact of Refugees on The Countries in Which They Settle
• How Political Correctness is an Attack on The 1st Amendment
• Discussion on Whether America Should Repeal The 2nd Amendment

Arts & Culture

• The Reasons Graffiti Should Be Legalized
• Is It Possible to Make a Neutral Question
• Influence of British Colonialism on Indian Culture in The 19th Century
• Creativity is not enough in the Modern World
• Analysis of The Evolution of Vampires Approaching The Twenty-first Century

Environmental Issues

• Climate Change and Its Global Impact: Assess the various ways climate change affects the planet.
• Sustainable Agriculture Practices: Investigate the benefits and challenges of sustainable farming.
• The Role of Renewable Energy in Reducing Carbon Footprint: Discuss the potential of renewable energy sources in combating climate change.
• Deforestation and Its Consequences: Analyze the causes and effects of deforestation on ecosystems.
• Daylight Saving Time: Benefits, Drawbacks, and Controversies
• The Impact of Plastic Pollution on Marine Life: Examine how plastic waste affects ocean ecosystems.
• The Evolution of Wind Farms
• The Unintended Consequences of The Plastic Straw Ban
• Earthquake and Its Devastating Effects
• Global Warming: Impact of Melting Snow
• Discussion on Whether It is Right to Treat Water as a Commodity

Technology and Innovation

• The Future of Artificial Intelligence: Explore the potential benefits and risks of AI advancements.
• The Ethical Implications of Genetic Engineering: Debate the ethical considerations surrounding genetic modification.
• The Role of Technology in Education : Assess how technology is transforming the educational landscape.
• Cybersecurity Threats in the Digital Age: Analyze the evolving nature of cybersecurity threats and how to mitigate them.
• The Impact of Automation on Employment: Discuss how automation and robotics are changing the job market.
• The Impact of Technology on Communication
• The Negative Effects of Smartphones on an Individual's Cognitive Abilities
• Smartphones as Huge Educational Tools
• The Importance of Honor Codes in Higher Education
• STEM Education: Benefits, Challenges, Strategies, and Future
• Why Free College Tuition is Rather a Financial Burden, not a Breakthrough
• The Possibilities of Offering Fine Arts in Rural Schools
• The Need for Repeating Policy in Educational Institutions
• The Importance of Sex Education in Schools
• The Impact of College Tuition Payment on Graduation Rates
• Online Vs Traditional Classes: is One More Effective than The Other
• Evaluation of The Advantages and Disadvantages of Fiber Optic Transmission
• Discussion on Whether College Should Be Tuition-free

Health and Medicine

• The Opioid Crisis in America: Examine the causes and potential solutions to the opioid epidemic.
• Vaccination and Public Health: Debate the importance of vaccination in preventing disease outbreaks.
• The Benefits and Risks of Medical Marijuana: Analyze the medical uses and potential downsides of marijuana legalization.
• The Issue of Legalization of Cannabis in Canada
• Approving Drugs as a Solution to the War on Drugs
• Mental Health Stigma in Society: Discuss the impact of stigma on mental health treatment and support.
• The Future of Telemedicine: Explore the potential of telemedicine in improving healthcare access.
• The Debate Over Free Healthcare and Universal Healthcare in America
• The Effectiveness of Narrative Medicine in Health Care Practice
• The Effect of Mental Illnesses on Art Throughout Different Time Periods
• Effects of Stress on The Body: How It Affects Physical and Psychological Health
• Analysis of Marijuana's Benefits and Dangers from Medical and Social Points
• The Ever-Evolving American Dream
• The Pros and Cons of Eminent Domain
• The Relationship Between Economic Growth and Income Inequality
• The Political Consequences of Rising Economic Inequality
• Negative Impact of Coal Mining on The Environment

Politics and Governance

• The Effectiveness of Democracy in the Modern World: Assess the strengths and weaknesses of democratic systems.
• The Role of International Organizations in Global Governance: Analyze the influence of organizations like the UN and WHO.
• The Impact of Political Polarization on Governance: Discuss how political divides affect governmental effectiveness.
• Discussion on Whether Governments Should Subsidize The Arts
• The Influence of Lobbying on Legislation: Examine the impact of lobbying on the legislative process.
• Immigration Policies and Their Socioeconomic Effects: Debate the benefits and drawbacks of various immigration policies.
• Analysis of The Causes of The ISIS Epidemic Spreading Across The Globe

Law, Crime & Punishment

• Is Domestic Violence a Widespread Problem
• The Second Amendment – Support Or Abolish
• The Link Between The Cruelty of Animals and Humans
• Racial Discrimination in The US Criminal Justice
• Positive Psychology and Restorative Justice to Reduce Recidivism in Youth Offenders
• How The Criminalization of Prostitution Impacts Essential Human Rights
• Drug Policy in America: The Issue of Marijuana Legalization

AP Lang Synthesis Essay Example

To better understand how to write a synthesis essay, let’s look at an example prompt and outline the approach.

Example Prompt:

"Evaluate the impact of social media on interpersonal relationships. Use at least three sources to support your argument."

Step-by-Step Approach:

• Analyze the Prompt: Understand the key elements of the prompt. Here, the focus is on the impact of social media on relationships.
• Gather Sources: Collect at least three credible sources that discuss social media and interpersonal relationships.
• Identify Common Themes: Look for recurring themes in the sources, such as communication patterns, emotional effects, and social dynamics.
• Formulate a Thesis: Develop a thesis statement that reflects your synthesized understanding. For example: "While social media can enhance communication, it often leads to superficial interactions and decreased face-to-face engagement, ultimately affecting the quality of interpersonal relationships."
• Create an Outline.

Argumentative Synthesis Essay Topics

Argumentative synthesis essays require you to take a stance on an issue and support it with evidence from multiple sources. Here are some topics to consider:

• Should College Education be Free for All?
• Is the Death Penalty an Effective Deterrent to Crime?
• Should Governments Regulate Social Media Platforms?
• Is Universal Basic Income a Viable Solution to Poverty?
• Should Animal Testing be Banned in Scientific Research?
• Is Climate Change Primarily Driven by Human Activity?
• Should Healthcare be Considered a Human Right?
• Is Censorship Justifiable in the Age of Information?
• Should Voting be Mandatory in Democratic Societies?
• Are GMO Foods Safe for Human Consumption?

Final Thoughts

Crafting a synthesis essay involves not only selecting a compelling topic but also synthesizing information from various sources to support a coherent argument. By understanding the components of a synthesis essay and exploring the wide array of synthesis essay topics provided, you can develop a strong foundation for your next essay. Whether you’re tackling social issues, environmental concerns, technological advancements, health matters, or political debates, the key is to stay organized, critically evaluate your sources, and present a balanced argument.

By leveraging these topic ideas provided, you’ll be well on your way to mastering the art of synthesis essays and achieving academic success.

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Synthesis Statement

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Crafting a synthesis statement requires the skillful merging of multiple sources or ideas to form a unified perspective. It’s not just about summarizing; it’s about creating a new understanding from various points of view. As you delve into the art of synthesis writing, you’ll discover how to sift through diverse sources, draw connections, and construct a cohesive argument. This guide will provide you with clear synthesis statement examples, actionable writing tips, and insights on creating compelling synthesis statements. Dive in and explore the intricate art of synthesis writing.

What is a Synthesis Statement?

A synthesis statement is a sentence or series of sentences that combine information from multiple sources to present a unique perspective or argument. Unlike summary or paraphrase, a synthesis seeks to blend ideas and data from different texts or sources to create a cohesive understanding or to spotlight new relationships among ideas. It is commonly used in research papers and essays where diverse viewpoints or facts need to be converged into a unified analysis.  You should also take a look at our  null thesis statement .

What is the Best Example of Synthesis Statement?

“Though research has shown that solar energy has its flaws, such as inconsistent availability and expensive infrastructure, when combined with wind energy, which tends to be available when solar is not, a more reliable and cost-effective green energy solution emerges.” This good thesis statement synthesizes information about the limitations of solar energy with the potential benefits of combining it with wind energy.

100 Synthesis Statement Examples

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Synthesis statements serve to intertwine different ideas, allowing the writer to create a novel perspective derived from varied sources. This unification of diverse thoughts often results in a more nuanced understanding or a fresh viewpoint. Below are examples that demonstrate how to merge different concepts, research findings, or arguments to present a new insight.

• “While digital learning provides flexible schedules and personalized content, the in-person classroom environment fosters collaboration; integrating both can lead to an enriched learning experience.”
• “Research into Mediterranean diets highlights their heart health benefits, but when coupled with regular exercise, a more holistic approach to cardiovascular wellness emerges.”
• “Vegan diets are known for their ethical and environmental benefits, but when combined with local food sourcing, the environmental impact is even more profound.”
• “Historical accounts depict Roman strategy in warfare as advanced, but when juxtaposed with their architectural marvels, a civilization with a balanced emphasis on art and warfare is revealed.”
• “While urban areas are hubs for technology and culture, they often lack green spaces; however, the rise of urban gardens illustrates a synthesis of city living and nature.”
• “Meditation is praised for its mental relaxation effects, but when combined with aerobic exercise, the benefits for both mental and physical health are synergized.”
• “Though AI brings efficiency to industries, it poses job loss threats; a middle ground emerges when AI is integrated into roles to assist rather than replace humans.”
• “Solar energy is sustainable but relies heavily on weather; when synthesized with geothermal energy sources, a more reliable green energy system is apparent.”
• “Economic growth has its merits, but it often leads to increased inequality; however, when nations prioritize both growth and social programs, a more balanced development is achievable.”
• “The digital age has revolutionized communication, but it’s also led to information overload; the re-emergence of offline reading habits presents a harmonized information intake approach.”
• “Space exploration offers technological advancements, while ocean exploration provides insights into our planet; blending resources for both can lead to broader discoveries.”
• “Nature provides serenity, while urban environments offer convenience. The rise of urban parks and green rooftops represents a synthesis of these two worlds.”
• “Artificial sweeteners reduce calorie intake but have health concerns; natural sweeteners like stevia bring a balanced alternative to the table.”
• “Remote work offers freedom and flexibility, while office work fosters collaboration. A hybrid work model is the culmination of these benefits.”
• “E-books provide convenience, but they lack the tactile experience of physical books. The development of advanced e-readers that mimic book-feel showcases a synthesis of the digital and tangible.”
• “Modern medicine offers effective treatments, while traditional remedies provide centuries of knowledge; integrated healthcare utilizes both for a comprehensive approach.”
• “Rapid urbanization brings economic growth, but also environmental degradation. Sustainable urban planning is the nexus of progress and preservation.”
• “Children learn through structured lessons, but they also thrive in play. Educational systems that merge formal learning with playtime see heightened student engagement.”
• “Fast fashion meets consumer demand but at environmental costs. The rise of sustainable fashion brands is a synthesis of demand and ecological responsibility.”
• “Local travel reduces carbon footprints, while international travel expands horizons. Traveling with a mix of local and overseas adventures offers the best of both worlds.”
• “Traditional classrooms emphasize rote learning, while modern pedagogy focuses on critical thinking. Integrating both methodologies prepares students for real-world challenges.”
• “Organic farming champions environmental health, but may not meet global food demands. Merging it with technology-enhanced farming can achieve sustainability and efficiency.”
• “Solo travels offer introspection, while group tours provide camaraderie. Opting for trips that mix solitude with group activities gives a rounded experience.”
• “Western medicine excels in diagnostics and technology, while Eastern medicine focuses on holistic wellness. A synthesis between the two offers comprehensive patient care.”
• “Physical stores provide tactile experiences, while online shops offer convenience. The rise of retail shops with integrated online catalogues represents the best of both worlds.”
• “Traditional marketing thrives on human intuition, while digital marketing is data-driven. Merging them can create campaigns that touch hearts and optimize reach.”
• “Movies provide visual storytelling, while books dive deep into a character’s psyche. Adapting books into films with insights from literature offers a richer narrative.”
• “Freelancing offers flexibility, but lacks job security. Combining it with part-time stable employment can create a balanced professional life.”
• “Yoga emphasizes mental peace, while gym workouts focus on physical strength. A routine mixing both can provide mental and physical equilibrium.”
• “Solar panels harness energy during the day, but wind turbines work best at night. Combining both creates a round-the-clock green energy source.”
• “Public transport is eco-friendly, while personal vehicles offer convenience. Carpooling and shared mobility services synthesize the benefits of both.”
• “E-commerce platforms offer vast choices, while local shops provide authenticity. Platforms that source locally combine wide reach with genuine products.”
• “Cultural traditions provide societal roots, while global influences bring variety. Festivals that celebrate both aspects ensure preservation with evolution.”
• “Indoor plants offer aesthetics, while outdoor gardens provide space. Terrace gardens are a synthesis, maximizing utility in urban dwellings.”
• “Dairy farming meets protein needs but has sustainability concerns. Combining it with plant-based alternatives can fulfill nutritional needs responsibly.”
• “Digital notes are easily searchable, but handwriting aids memory. Using tablets with stylus inputs merges digital convenience with the act of writing.”
• “History teaches past lessons, while futuristic sci-fi imagines the unknown. Novels blending historical settings with futuristic ideas offer a unique perspective.”
• “Artificial lighting offers brightness control, while natural light boosts mood. Architectural designs maximizing daylight with adjustable artificial lights balance both needs.”
• “Work offers financial independence, while vacations provide relaxation. The concept of ‘workations’ synthesizes productivity with leisure.”
• “Classical music embodies tradition, while modern genres resonate with the youth. Fusion music that integrates both appeals across generations.”
• “Mental well-being is as vital as physical health. Wellness programs that merge mental health discussions with physical activities provide comprehensive care.”
• “Standalone shops offer specialty products, while malls provide variety. Pop-up stores in malls combine niche offerings with wide exposure.”
• “Vegetarian diets are ethically sound, while meat offers certain nutrients. Flexitarian diets, synthesizing both, cater to ethics and nutrition.”
• “Traditional news offers depth, while social media provides real-time updates. Modern news apps merging both ensure timely yet in-depth coverage.”
• “Manual labor ensures craftsmanship, but machines boost production. Manufacturing that integrates handcrafted elements with machine precision ensures quality at scale.”
• “Wildlife documentaries showcase natural behaviors, while zoos allow close encounters. Virtual reality experiences synthesizing both provide education without captivity.”
• “Economic models focus on monetary metrics, while social models value human welfare. Inclusive models combine both for holistic national progress.”
• “Plastic offers convenience, but biodegradable materials are eco-friendly. Bio-plastics synthesize the utility of plastic with environmental responsibility.”
• “Virtual meetings save travel time, while face-to-face interactions build trust. Hybrid models, blending virtual with occasional physical meets, optimize communication.”
• “Print media offers tangible reading pleasure, while digital media is easily updated. E-papers that emulate print layout combine traditional with modern.”
• “Dieting focuses on caloric intake, while mindfulness emphasizes eating awareness. Mindful dieting synthesizes both for holistic weight management.”
• “Physical books are timeless, but abooks are portable. Mobile apps offering synchronized reading and listening blend immersion with convenience.”
• “Home cooking ensures health, while dining out offers diverse flavors. Home chefs using global ingredients merge health with gourmet experiences.”
• “Non-renewable energy provides consistent output, while renewables are sustainable. A grid relying on both ensures energy stability with sustainability.”
• “Rural living offers tranquility, while cities pulsate with life. Townships blending urban amenities with rural serenity offer a balanced lifestyle.”
• “Online learning provides global insights, while local classrooms offer context. Blended learning models synthesize global knowledge with local relevance.”
• “Ancient architecture showcases heritage, while modern designs prioritize function. Designs that integrate both preserve history while ensuring functionality.”
• “Silent retreats offer introspection, while group therapies provide external perspectives. Programs blending both cater to internal and external well-being.”
• “Organic foods prioritize health, but genetically modified organisms (GMOs) boost yield. A balance between the two can address health and hunger.”
• “Crowdsourced content is diverse, while expert-created content ensures accuracy. Platforms that curate both offer breadth with reliability.”
• “Classroom learning offers structured knowledge, while self-study fosters independence. Modern curricula which integrate guided learning with self-initiated projects cultivate holistic student growth.”
• “Freshwater resources are limited, but desalination technologies can harness the sea. Integrating conservation with desalination strategies can ensure sustained water supply.”
• “Traditional arts capture cultural essence, while contemporary arts reflect modern dilemmas. Exhibitions showcasing a blend of both capture the evolution of societal expression.”
• “Cryptocurrencies offer decentralized finance, while traditional banking provides established trust. Financial systems which amalgamate both can redefine economic sovereignty and security.”
• “Monoculture farming maximizes yield but decreases biodiversity. Integrating polyculture methods can ensure productive, resilient, and diverse ecosystems.”
• “Podcasts offer auditory immersion, while articles provide detailed insights. Platforms which transcribe podcasts merge the ease of listening with the depth of reading.”
• “Freemium models offer accessibility, while premium versions ensure quality. Products blending a robust freemium offering with valuable premium features cater to a wider audience range.”
• “Space exploration unravels cosmic mysteries, while ocean expeditions uncover terrestrial wonders. A holistic approach to exploration recognizes the significance of both realms.”
• “Virtual reality offers immersive experiences, while reality keeps us grounded. Experiences that oscillate between the two can provide balance and perspective.”
• “Farm-to-table ensures fresh produce, while global supply chains offer variety. Hybrid models which source locally but import specialty items cater to taste and sustainability.”
• “Meditation emphasizes inner calm, while aerobic exercises boost physical vitality. Wellness routines incorporating both ensure mental peace and bodily health.”
• “Battery power offers clean energy, while fossil fuels provide consistent output. Transition plans that slowly integrate more renewable sources can guide a smooth energy shift.”
• “Digital art offers endless possibilities, while traditional art has tactile charm. Artists using digital tools for traditional styles merge the best of both domains.”
• “Coworking spaces foster collaboration, while personal offices ensure privacy. Spaces designed with open areas and secluded nooks cater to varied working styles.”
• “Personalized learning aids individual growth, while standard curricula maintain uniform benchmarks. Educational models adopting both strategies cater to individual needs while ensuring standard competencies.”
• “Live performances captivate with spontaneity, while recorded versions offer perfection. Artists hosting live events with recorded backups guarantee engagement and quality.”
• “Natural immunity fights diseases organically, while vaccines prepare the body beforehand. A health strategy emphasizing natural wellness and timely vaccination ensures robust defense.”
• “Open-source offers community-driven innovation, while proprietary software ensures tailored solutions. Tech firms adopting a hybrid model can harness community wisdom and bespoke excellence.”
• “Telemedicine offers remote healthcare accessibility, while in-person check-ups ensure thorough examination. Healthcare systems integrating both cater to immediate needs and comprehensive care.”
• “Charity provides immediate relief, while empowerment ensures long-term well-being. Initiatives that offer aid and skill-building ensure immediate sustenance and future self-reliance.
• “E-books offer convenience and portability, while physical books provide tactile satisfaction. Libraries that provide both options cater to modern needs and traditional tastes.”
• “Solar energy harnesses sunlight, while wind energy taps into atmospheric currents. An energy strategy that integrates both ensures a consistent renewable power supply.”
• “Remote work offers flexibility, while office interactions foster team bonding. Companies adopting a hybrid work model can benefit from productivity and camaraderie.”
• “Organic farming supports the environment, while conventional farming meets mass demand. A balanced approach using sustainable methods in large-scale farming can cater to both objectives.”
• “Traditional marketing creates brand trust, while digital marketing ensures wider reach. A marketing strategy blending both approaches maximizes visibility and credibility.”
• “Manual driving offers control, while autonomous driving ensures safety through AI. The future of transport may lie in vehicles that offer both modes.”
• “Historical narratives provide context, while futuristic visions inspire innovation. Curriculums that teach both history and future studies prepare students for a holistic understanding of time.”
• “Face-to-face therapy offers personal touch, while digital counseling provides accessibility. Mental health services that offer both modalities can cater to immediate and deep-seated needs.”
• “Local tourism supports communities, while international travel broadens horizons. Promoting a mix of both can boost the tourism industry and cultural exchange.”
• “Homemade food offers authenticity, while restaurant dining provides a gourmet experience. Culinary services that blend home-style with gourmet elements cater to varied palates.”
• “Independent research fosters critical thinking, while guided study ensures foundational understanding. Educational approaches that balance both produce well-rounded, informed learners.”
• “Play-based learning boosts creativity, while structured lessons provide clear knowledge. Early childhood education which integrates both approaches nurtures imaginative yet informed young minds.”
• “AI offers data-driven insights, while human judgment brings intuition. Decision-making processes that value both AI analytics and human intuition achieve balanced outcomes.”
• “Public transport reduces carbon emissions, while personal vehicles offer convenience. Urban planning that promotes efficient public transit with car-sharing options can reduce traffic and pollution.”
• “Natural cosmetics offer skin-friendly ingredients, while synthetics ensure longer shelf-life. Beauty products blending natural extracts with safe synthetics offer efficacy and longevity.”
• “Online shopping provides variety, while physical stores offer try-before-you-buy. Retailers that integrate online catalogs with physical outlets cater to convenience and certainty.”
• “Classical music provides time-tested melodies, while modern genres capture contemporary sentiments. Musicians who blend classical techniques with modern beats create timeless yet relatable pieces.”
• “Recycling manages waste, while upcycling transforms it into something valuable. Sustainable initiatives that promote both can revolutionize waste management.”
• “Yoga enhances flexibility and calm, while strength training builds muscle. Fitness regimes that incorporate both yoga and weight training ensure a balanced physique and mind.”
• “Crowdfunding sources funds democratically, while venture capital provides bulk investment. Startups that consider both funding avenues can harness public support and substantial capital.”

Short Synthesis Statement Examples

Synthesis statements can be concise yet impactful, combining elements from different sources to present a cohesive idea in a nutshell. Here are some succinct examples that convey in-depth meaning:

• “Diet and exercise collectively combat obesity.”
• “Love transcends culture and tradition.”
• “Digital innovation enhances human capability.”
• “History informs future endeavors.”
• “Nature inspires technological advancements.”
• “Art reflects societal evolution.”
• “Travel expands minds and boundaries.”
• “Education combines experience with knowledge.”
• “Music bridges generational gaps.”
• “Sustainability merges economy with ecology.”

Synthesis Statement Examples for College

In the collegiate environment, synthesis statements often merge complex ideas from academic sources to create well-rounded conclusions. These examples embody the depth and rigor expected at this level.  Our  concise thesis statement is also worth a look at.

• “Globalization, while driving economic growth, also underscores the importance of local cultures in shaping global narratives.”
• “Quantum physics and classical mechanics together illuminate the vast spectrum of natural phenomena.”
• “Modernist literature, influenced by industrialization, intertwines with postmodern narratives to depict evolving human conditions.”
• “Biochemistry and molecular biology converge to unravel cellular mysteries.”
• “Political theories from Eastern and Western philosophies together shape global diplomatic strategies.”
• “Neural networks in AI draw inspiration from human cognitive processes.”
• “Environmental sciences and urban planning collaboratively address global warming.”
• “Postcolonial studies and global literature intersect to explore themes of identity and belonging.”
• “Microeconomics and macroeconomics jointly provide insights into financial markets.”
• “Cultural anthropology and sociology together decode societal norms and behaviors.”

Argumentative Essay Synthesis Statement Examples

Argumentative essays demand a synthesis of evidence to back a stance. These argumentative essay thesis statements present a clear position by synthesizing various facets of an argument.

• “While digital learning offers flexibility, traditional classrooms foster interpersonal skills, making a blended approach most beneficial.”
• “Genetically modified organisms, despite their potential benefits, require rigorous testing due to possible ecological impacts.”
• “Universal healthcare, combined with preventive education, ensures societal health and economic stability.”
• “Renewable energy sources, when merged with traditional energy backups, ensure consistent power supply and environmental preservation.”
• “Censorship, while protecting societal norms, can inhibit freedom of expression and thus, a balance is paramount.”
• “Vegan diets, supported by scientific evidence, offer health benefits but require supplementation to fill nutritional gaps.”
• “Automation promises efficiency but can lead to job losses, necessitating retraining programs.”
• “Childhood vaccinations, backed by studies, safeguard public health, outweighing minimal side-effects.”
• “Online privacy is pivotal, but so is security; a synthesis of both determines effective internet regulations.”
• “Space exploration, although expensive, synthesizes technological advancement with potential interstellar colonization benefits.”

Synthesis Statement Examples in Research Paper

Thesis Statement for Research papers require synthesis statements that reflect an amalgamation of various studies, findings, or theories to present a unified understanding of the topic.

• “Studies on neural plasticity and cognitive therapy together offer breakthroughs in dementia care.”
• “Ocean acidification research, combined with marine biology studies, underlines the broader ecosystemic impacts of climate change.”
• “Archaeological findings, synthesized with ancient literary sources, present a holistic view of historical civilizations.”
• “Genomic research and traditional medical practices jointly unveil personalized therapeutic approaches.”
• “Pedagogical theories, merged with technological advancements, drive modern educational innovations.”
• “Environmental data and sociological surveys together highlight the human role in habitat degradation.”
• “Quantitative financial models, integrated with behavioral economics, predict market trends more accurately.”
• “Microbiome research and nutritional studies collaboratively inform gut health recommendations.”
• “Astrophysical data, synthesized with mathematical models, decode cosmic phenomena.”
• “Sociolinguistic studies, combined with historical migration patterns, elucidate the evolution of dialects.

Synthesis Statement Examples for College Board

The college board examinations and assessments often demand robust, integrative thinking. Here, synthesis statements reflect an ability to merge curriculum-based knowledge with analytical skills, suitable for these examinations.

• “Analyzing both Shakespearean sonnets and contemporary poetry showcases the evolution of thematic expressions across eras.”
• “The intersection of the American Revolution and Enlightenment thought reveals how political upheavals are often rooted in intellectual movements.”
• “The study of Mendelian genetics in conjunction with modern genomics presents a comprehensive view of heredity.”
• “Exploring classical economic theories alongside modern fiscal policies provides insight into current economic challenges.”
• “The Harlem Renaissance, synthesized with the Civil Rights Movement, paints a fuller picture of African American artistic and political progression.”
• “Assessing Renaissance art alongside modern abstract movements reflects changing perceptions of beauty and representation.”
• “The juxtaposition of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon offers insights into the balance of ideals and power.”
• “By merging studies of World Wars with Cold War dynamics, one discerns the cyclical nature of global conflicts.”
• “The integration of Newtonian physics and Einstein’s relativity captures the vast scope of physical laws.”
• “Comparing classical music theory with contemporary compositions reveals the evolving nature of auditory aesthetics.”

Synthesis Statement Examples for Essay

Essays require statements that can combine various viewpoints or information sources to create a comprehensive perspective on the topic.

• “Combining the philosophies of Eastern mindfulness with Western productivity techniques leads to holistic personal development.”
• “The fusion of traditional farming methods and modern agritech promises sustainable agriculture.”
• “Merging historical gender roles with modern feminist theories provides a multi-dimensional view of gender dynamics.”
• “The blend of ancient architecture and modern design principles embodies evolving human aesthetics.”
• “By synthesizing classic literary tropes with contemporary narratives, the universality of human experiences is evident.”
• “The amalgamation of folk medicine and modern pharmacology offers comprehensive healthcare solutions.”
• “Combining urban development principles with green initiatives paves the way for eco-friendly cities.”
• “The synthesis of traditional media and digital platforms depicts the changing landscape of global communication.”
• “Merging classical art styles with digital mediums showcases the blend of tradition and innovation.”
• “By integrating cultural traditions with globalized practices, the essence of a global village emerges.”

Strong Synthesis Statement Examples

A robust strong synthesis statement leaves an indelible mark, firmly stating its claim by merging distinct elements into a well-rounded assertion.

• “The unification of quantum mechanics and general relativity promises a groundbreaking theory of everything.”
• “Sustainable development, when combined with socioeconomic growth, ensures a balanced global progression.”
• “Fusing anthropological insights with evolutionary biology provides a thorough understanding of human evolution.”
• “Merging neuroscientific findings with psychological theories revolutionizes mental health care.”
• “Integrating sustainable energy solutions with industrial demands ensures a green industrial revolution.”
• “The combination of global trade dynamics and local market nuances dictates economic policies.”
• “By synthesizing traditional teaching methodologies with e-learning, a comprehensive education system emerges.”
• “Merging biotechnological advancements with ethical considerations promises a balanced scientific progression.”
• “The integration of ancient martial arts with modern sports science enhances physical training regimens.”
• “By blending cinematic artistry with technological innovations, the future of cinema is both authentic and groundbreaking.”

Synthesis Statement Examples for Narrative Essay

In narrative essays, syn thesis statements for narrative essay meld storytelling elements with underlying themes or lessons, offering a comprehensive view of the narrative’s significance.

• “In the juxtaposition of childhood innocence and adult wisdom, life’s transient nature unravels.”
• “By weaving familial traditions with personal aspirations, the narrative underscores the balance between past and future.”
• “The narrative blends personal adversities with triumphant moments, illustrating resilience.”
• “Merging historical backdrops with personal tales, the narrative offers a microcosm of societal evolution.”
• “The story integrates romance with individual growth, spotlighting the journey of self-discovery.”
• “By intertwining elements of fantasy with stark realities, the narrative delves into escapism.”
• “The narrative fuses humor with profound lessons, presenting life’s ironies.”
• “Blending cultural nuances with universal emotions, the story traverses borders.”
• “In combining elements of suspense with psychological insights, the narrative unveils human intricacies.”
• “By merging tales of wanderlust with inner journeys, the narrative celebrates exploration in all forms.”

Synthesis Statement Examples for High School

High school synthesis statements are a blend of foundational knowledge and emerging analytical skills. These examples reflect the depth suitable for this academic level.  In addition, you should review our  thesis statement high school .

• “By examining the causes of both World Wars, patterns of political alliances and animosities emerge.”
• “Merging studies of photosynthesis and cellular respiration offers a holistic view of plant biology.”
• “Combining Romantic literary elements with Gothic undertones elucidates 19th-century literary dynamics.”
• “The synthesis of algebraic and geometric principles enhances mathematical problem-solving skills.”
• “Analyzing the American Civil War in conjunction with Reconstruction reveals the challenges of nation-building.”
• “The study of classical elements combined with modern periodic table insights enriches chemical understanding.”
• “Merging tales of Greek gods with Roman counterparts provides a pantheon of shared myths.”
• “The blend of biology with ethics in discussions on cloning opens a multidimensional debate.”
• “Combining studies on Renaissance art and the scientific revolution reflects the age’s intellectual awakening.”
• “By synthesizing theories of democracy with global practices, the variance in democratic norms becomes evident.”

Synthesis Statement Examples for Middle School

Middle school synthesis statements merge basic knowledge with an introductory level of critical thinking. These are tailored for younger minds beginning to explore comprehensive insights.

• “By looking at both predators and prey, the circle of life in ecosystems is evident.”
• “Merging tales of King Arthur with historical records paints a picture of medieval legends and truths.”
• “Studying both plant and animal cells provides a rounded view of living organisms.”
• “Combining lessons on ancient civilizations with modern societies shows the evolution of cultures.”
• “The fusion of multiplication and division principles solidifies arithmetic foundations.”
• “Analyzing both poetry and prose enhances appreciation for literary expressions.”
• “Blending studies on Earth’s layers with tectonic movements reveals the dynamics of natural disasters.”
• “By synthesizing knowledge of stars and planets, the vastness of the universe unfolds.”
• “Merging lessons on gravity with those on flight introduces the marvels of physics.”
• “Integrating discussions on rights and responsibilities fosters a balanced civic understanding.

How do you write a synthesis statement? – A Step by Step Guide

Constructing a synthesis statement means weaving together multiple concepts, viewpoints, or resources to create a singular, unified narrative. Let’s navigate through the art of molding a robust synthesis statement:

Steps to Sculpt a Synthesis Statement

• Engage with Your Materials : Prior to formulating your synthesis, delve deep into all the materials or notions you intend to amalgamate. Highlight crucial elements and arguments.
• Establish Your Stand : Post your material review, settle on a perspective or opinion. This will become the core of your synthesis statement, integrating insights from the diverse materials.
• Sketch a Tentative Statement : Use this as a beacon for your synthesis journey. It should encapsulate the crux of the discourse you aspire to curate.
• Categorize Supportive Elements : Identify endorsements or pieces of evidence from your materials that bolster your preliminary statement.
• Merge and Streamline : Intertwine these supportive elements to shape a seamless statement that embodies facets from each material. Hone this statement for brevity and lucidity.
• Strive for Equilibrium : True synthesis embraces varied opinions, even if they’re contrasting. Ensure your statement is well-rounded, reflecting a multi-dimensional view.
• Review and Refine : Reflect upon your synthesis statement’s precision, consistency, and coherence. Undertake necessary modifications to enhance its elegance and intelligibility.

How to Start a Synthesis

• Spot a Fitting Subject : It should offer multiple materials or perspectives ripe for synthesis.
• Accumulate Your References : Gather diverse references pertinent to your subject, like articles, researches, or treatises.
• Dissect and Document : Examine each reference, marking significant elements or arguments.
• Frame an Initial Statement : Curate a guiding statement based on your materials’ interpretation.
• Draft an Outline : Systematize your findings and inferences in a methodical layout.
• Introduce with Impact : Begin with an engaging preamble, familiarize your audience with your references, and unveil your guiding statement.
• Ensure Fluidity : Guarantee a coherent flow of ideas to uphold consistency.

Tips for Drafting a Thesis Statement:

• Clarity is King : A thesis should be succinct yet echo your principal contention.
• Place Strategically : Ideally, slot your thesis at your introductory paragraph’s finale to offer readers an early guiding light.
• Court Contention : A potent thesis piques debate. Steer clear from mere factual statements.
• Stay on Track : Confine your thesis to the immediate subject. Evade generalizations.
• Invite Critique : Encourage peers or experts to assess your thesis for clarity and potency.
• Flexibility is Vital : If your composition evolves, recalibrate your thesis to mirror the content.
• Shun Vagueness : Your thesis should resound with conviction, leaving minimal room for speculations.
• Consistency is Crucial : Though your composition will entertain diverse opinions, the thesis should be unwavering in its stance.
• Eschew Esoteric Terms : Ensure your thesis remains accessible, even to those outside the subject’s sphere.
• Iterate and Refine : Chisel multiple thesis drafts to zero in on the most impactful version

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