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Citation Management and Writing Tools: LaTeX and BibTeX

  • LaTeX and BibTeX
  • Other Citation Tools

BibTeX and...

Overleaf at MIT

  • JabRef  

LaTeX & BibTeX

What is latex.

LaTeX is a typesetting program that takes a plain text file with various commands in it and converts it to a formatted document based on the commands that it has been given. The source file for the document has a file extension of .tex. It is widely used at MIT for theses and other technical papers due to its prowess with mathematical and foreign characters. For more information on LaTeX, see  LaTeX on Athena Basics , provided by the Athena On-Line Help system.

What is BibTeX?

BibTeX is a bibliographic tool that is used with LaTeX to help organize the user's references and create a bibliography. A BibTeX user creates a bibliography file that is separate from the LaTeX source file, wth a file extension of .bib. Each reference in the bibliography file is formatted with a certain structure and is given a "key" by which the author can refer to in the source .tex file.  For more information on BibTeX, see  see MIT IS&T's page:  How do I Create Bibliographies in LaTeX .

If you're new to LaTeX/BibTeX, consider using Overleaf ,  an online LaTeX and Rich Text collaborative writing and publishing tool. It includes built-in features to link your Zotero or Mendeley library to your LaTeX document .

MIT Libraries provides Overleaf Pro+ accounts for all MIT faculty, students and staff. Learn more on how to get started with Overleaf.

Zotero & BibTeX

Export from zotero to bibtex.

  • click on the File menu in Zotero and select "Export Library..." or
  • right-click on the library and select "Export Library..."
  • To export all references in a collection, right-click on the collection in the left-hand menu and select "Export Collection..."
  • To export only certain references, select those references using control-clicks and/or shift-clicks, then right-click one of the highlighted references and select "Export Items..."
  • From the dialog box that pops up, select the BibTeX format, and click OK.
  • Navigate to the directory where you are storing your manuscript (your .tex file), and save the file. This will generate a file in the appropriate format for BibTeX to read and create a bibliography from.

Auto-syncing from Zotero to BibTeX

Auto-updating your .bib file when you make changes or additions to your Zotero Library is not available directly in Zotero. You can, however, install and enable a Zotero extension,  Better BibTeX , to enable these features. 

  • Once Better BibTeX is enabled, select the folder/library/items you wish to include in your .bib file as you would do in the basic export process described above.
  • In the export dialog box, you will now see many more options for your export format. Select the “Better BibTeX” option, and, to set up the auto sync, make sure you also check the “Keep updated” box.
  • Click Ok, name your .bib file and save in the same location as your LaTeX file.

You can adjust or remove a .bib auto sync of Zotero records at any time by going to your Zotero preferences and clicking on the Better BibTeX tab, followed by the Automatic export tab.

For more detailed instructions on setting up your Zotero export, see the  Zotero and BibTeX Quick Guide .

Linking with Overleaf

In Overleaf, you can link your entire library or a Group library to your Overleaf project. This link allows you to have synced records with Zotero while actively accessing them in Overleaf. More information on linking your Zotero and Overleaf accounts may be found on this Overleaf How-To Guide .

Mendeley & BibTeX

Export to bibtex.

  • Within your Library in Mendeley Reference Manager, select the references that you would like to export to BibTeX.
  • In the dropdown menu in the toolbar at the top of the screen, click File > Export All > BibTeX (*.bib)
  • Make sure you save your BibTeX file to the same location as your LaTeX file.

In Overleaf, you can link your entire library or a subset of your records to your Overleaf project. This link allows you to have synced records with Mendeley while actively accessing them in Overleaf. More information on linking your Mendeley and Overleaf accounts may be found on this Overleaf How-To Guide .

JabRef & BibTeX

If you primarily create documents in LaTeX (versus a word processing software like Microsoft Word) you may want to consider using JabRef as your primary citation management software.

JabRef is a reference manager that acts as an interface to the BibTeX style used by the LaTeX typesetting system. JabRef is open source and is freely downloadable. The graphical interface allows the user to easily import, edit, search, and group citations in the BibTeX format. It also offers automatic citation key generation. JabRef does not offer any citation styles of its own; instead the citation is generated from the BibTeX file by LaTeX. Specifications for each style are given by the chosen style file.

JabRef can be used on Windows, Linux, and Mac.

For more detailed instructions on setting up JabRef as your LaTeX citation management software, see the JabRef Getting Started guidance .

Citation Management Tools

Get help with latex and bibtex.

  • Zotero and BibTeX Quick Guide

LaTeX resources at MIT

LaTeX on Athena, Basics  (IS&T)

How do I create bibliographies in LaTeX?  (IS&T)

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  • Last Updated: Sep 9, 2024 1:33 PM
  • URL: https://libguides.mit.edu/cite-write

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Bibliography management in LaTeX

  • 1 Introduction
  • 2 Basic usage
  • 3 The bibliography file
  • 4 Customizing the bibliography
  • 5 Adding the bibliography in the table of contents
  • 6 Reference guide
  • 7 Further reading

Introduction

When it comes to bibliography-management packages, there are three main options in LaTeX: bibtex , natbib and biblatex .

This article explains how to use the biblatex package, to manage and format the bibliography in a LaTeX document. biblatex is a modern option for processing bibliography information, provides an easier and more flexible interface and a better language localization than the other two options.

A minimal working example of the biblatex package is shown below:

BiblatexEx1OLV2.png

There are four bibliography-related commands in this example:

Overleaf provides several templates with pre-defined styles to manage bibliographies. See this link .  Open an example of the biblatex package in Overleaf

Basic usage

Several parameters can be passed to the package import command, as in the following example:

BiblatexExample2OLV2.png

Some extra options, inside brackets and comma-separated, are added when importing biblatex :

The rest of the commands were explained in the introduction .

 Open a more complete biblatex example in Overleaf

The bibliography file

The bibliography files must have the standard bibtex syntax

This file contains records in a special format; for instance, the first bibliographic reference is defined by:

The information in this file can later be printed and referenced within a L a T e X document, as shown in the previous sections, with the command \addbibresource{sample.bib} . Not all the information in the .bib file will be displayed, it depends on the bibliography style set in the document.

Customizing the bibliography

Biblatex allows high customization of the bibliography section with little effort. It was mentioned that several citation styles and bibliography styles are available, and you can also create new ones. Another customization option is to change the default title of the bibliography section.

BiblatexEx3OLV2.png

The additional parameter title={Whole bibliography} passed inside brackets to the command \printbibliography is the one that changes the title.

The bibliography can also be subdivided into sections based on different filters, for instance: print only references from the same author, the same journal or similar title. Below an example.

BiblatexEx4OLV2.png

Here, the bibliography is divided in 4 sections. The syntax of the commands used here is explained below:

Adding the bibliography in the table of contents

For the bibliography the be printed in the table of contents an extra option must be passed to \printbibliography

BiblatexEx5OLV2.png

A section and a subsection are added to the table of contents:

  • In the first case, adding heading=bibintoc adds the title to the table of contents as an unnumbered chapter if possible or as an unnumbered section otherwise.
  • The second case is heading=subbibintoc that adds the title as a second level entry in the table of contents, in this example as a subsection nested in "Whole bibliography".

Reference guide

Supported entry types

article book mvbook
inbook bookinbook suppbook
booklet collection mvcollection
incollection suppcollection manual
misc online patent
periodical suppperiodical proceedings
mvproceedings inproceedings reference
mvreference inreference report
set thesis unpublished
custom conference electronic
masterthesis phdthesis techreport

Supported entry fields (The printed information depends on the bibliography style)

abstract addendum afterword annotate
author authortype bookauthor bookpagination
booksubtitle booktitle chapter commentator
date doi edition editor
editortype eid entrysubtype eprint
eprinttype eprintclass eventdate eventtitle
file foreword holder howpublished
indextitle institution introduction isan
isbn ismn isrn issue
issuesubtitle issuetitle iswc journalsubtitle
journaltitle label language library
location mainsubtitle maintitle month
note number organization origdate
origlanguage origlocation origpublisher origtitle
pages pagetotal pagination part
publisher pubstate reprinttitle series
shortauthor shortedition shorthand shorthandintro
shortjournal shortseries shorttitle subtitle
title translator type url
venue version volume year

Bibliography sorting options

option description
sort by name, title, year
sort by name, year, title
sort by name, year, volume, title
sort by alphabetic label, name, year, title
sort by alphabetic label, name, year, volume, title
sort by year (descending), name, title
entries are processed in citation order

For detailed information on these entries and options, see the package documentation.

Further reading

For more information see

  • Biblatex bibliography styles
  • Biblatex citation styles
  • Bibliography management with natbib
  • Bibliography management with bibtex
  • Creating and Managing Bibliographies with BibTeX on Overleaf
  • Biblatex package documentation
  • International language support
  • Table of contents
  • Management in a large project
  • Multi-file LaTeX projects
  • Documentation Home
  • Learn LaTeX in 30 minutes

Overleaf guides

  • Creating a document in Overleaf
  • Uploading a project
  • Copying a project
  • Creating a project from a template
  • Using the Overleaf project menu
  • Including images in Overleaf
  • Exporting your work from Overleaf
  • Working offline in Overleaf
  • Using Track Changes in Overleaf
  • Using bibliographies in Overleaf
  • Sharing your work with others
  • Using the History feature
  • Debugging Compilation timeout errors
  • How-to guides
  • Guide to Overleaf’s premium features

LaTeX Basics

  • Creating your first LaTeX document
  • Choosing a LaTeX Compiler
  • Paragraphs and new lines
  • Bold, italics and underlining

Mathematics

  • Mathematical expressions
  • Subscripts and superscripts
  • Brackets and Parentheses
  • Fractions and Binomials
  • Aligning equations
  • Spacing in math mode
  • Integrals, sums and limits
  • Display style in math mode
  • List of Greek letters and math symbols
  • Mathematical fonts
  • Using the Symbol Palette in Overleaf

Figures and tables

  • Inserting Images
  • Positioning Images and Tables
  • Lists of Tables and Figures
  • Drawing Diagrams Directly in LaTeX
  • TikZ package

References and Citations

  • Bibliography management with biblatex
  • Bibtex bibliography styles
  • Natbib bibliography styles
  • Natbib citation styles
  • Multilingual typesetting on Overleaf using polyglossia and fontspec
  • Multilingual typesetting on Overleaf using babel and fontspec
  • Quotations and quotation marks

Document structure

  • Sections and chapters
  • Cross referencing sections, equations and floats
  • Nomenclatures
  • Lengths in L a T e X
  • Headers and footers
  • Page numbering
  • Paragraph formatting
  • Line breaks and blank spaces
  • Text alignment
  • Page size and margins
  • Single sided and double sided documents
  • Multiple columns
  • Code listing
  • Code Highlighting with minted
  • Using colours in LaTeX
  • Margin notes
  • Font sizes, families, and styles
  • Font typefaces
  • Supporting modern fonts with X Ǝ L a T e X

Presentations

  • Environments

Field specific

  • Theorems and proofs
  • Chemistry formulae
  • Feynman diagrams
  • Molecular orbital diagrams
  • Chess notation
  • Knitting patterns
  • CircuiTikz package
  • Pgfplots package
  • Typesetting exams in LaTeX
  • Attribute Value Matrices

Class files

  • Understanding packages and class files
  • List of packages and class files
  • Writing your own package
  • Writing your own class

Advanced TeX/LaTeX

  • In-depth technical articles on TeX/LaTeX

Get in touch

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Getting Started with LaTeX

  • Installation
  • Creating a document
  • A sample document
  • Library Workshop Files

Introduction

Since LaTeX is often used to create academic works that will cite many different sources it is important to know how to create a bibliography in LaTeX.  With a little practice and the help of a citation management creating LaTeX bibliographies can be very easy. 

It is strongly recommend that you use a citation management tool, not only to help create LaTeX bibliographies, but to help organize and track articles, books, and other documents throughout your academic career.  For more information about citation management tools take a look at the Citation Management Guide .

Important note:  When creating a bibliography you will need to compile the document twice in order to create properly formatted references.

Creating a Bibliography

There are two parts to creating a bibliography in a LaTeX document.  

Part one is the creation of a separate  .bib file.

This file contains all of the citation information (i.e. title, author, publication date, publisher, etc... ), as will as, a bibID for each citation.  It is strongly recommended to use a citation management tool to create your .bib files.  Those tools will greatly speed up the process and help keep the file organized, generate automatic bibIDs ( which can be edited if desired), and auto fill all relevant data fields which will prevent typos or bugs within the file.  Below is an example of the .bib format for four different common references if you choose to entire them yourself.  Note that not all fields are required and any unused field should be deleted .   The  bibID  is what is used in the main  LaTeX  document to create in-line  references  as well as completed bibliographies.  When  creating  the final  bibliography   LaTeX  will only include citations that were  referenced  in the  document , so its ok to have unused citations in your  .bib  file .
@article{ ,
    author = {author},
    title = {title},
    journaltitle = {journaltitle},
    date = {date},
    OPTtranslator = {translator},
    OPTannotator = {annotator},
    OPTcommentator = {commentator},
    OPTsubtitle = {subtitle},
    OPTtitleaddon = {titleaddon},
    OPTeditor = {editor},
    OPTeditora = {editora},
    OPTeditorb = {editorb},
    OPTeditorc = {editorc},
    OPTjournalsubtitle = {journalsubtitle},
    OPTissuetitle = {issuetitle},
    OPTissuesubtitle = {issuesubtitle},
    OPTlanguage = {language},
    OPToriglanguage = {origlanguage},
    OPTseries = {series},
    OPTvolume = {volume},
    OPTnumber = {number},
    OPTeid = {eid},
    OPTissue = {issue},
    OPTmonth = {month},
    OPTpages = {pages},
    OPTversion = {version},
    OPTnote = {note},
    OPTissn = {issn},
    OPTaddendum = {addendum},
    OPTpubstate = {pubstate},
    OPTdoi = {doi},
    OPTeprint = {eprint},
    OPTeprintclass = {eprintclass},
    OPTeprinttype = {eprinttype},
    OPTurl = {url},
    OPTurldate = {urldate},
}		 @book{ ,
    author = {author},
    title = {title},
    date = {date},
    OPTeditor = {editor},
    OPTeditora = {editora},
    OPTeditorb = {editorb},
    OPTeditorc = {editorc},
    OPTtranslator = {translator},
    OPTannotator = {annotator},
    OPTcommentator = {commentator},
    OPTintroduction = {introduction},
    OPTforeword = {foreword},
    OPTafterword = {afterword},
    OPTsubtitle = {subtitle},
    OPTtitleaddon = {titleaddon},
    OPTmaintitle = {maintitle},
    OPTmainsubtitle = {mainsubtitle},
    OPTmaintitleaddon = {maintitleaddon},
    OPTlanguage = {language},
    OPToriglanguage = {origlanguage},
    OPTvolume = {volume},
    OPTpart = {part},
    OPTedition = {edition},
    OPTvolumes = {volumes},
    OPTseries = {series},
    OPTnumber = {number},
    OPTnote = {note},
    OPTpublisher = {publisher},
    OPTlocation = {location},
    OPTisbn = {isbn},
    OPTchapter = {chapter},
    OPTpages = {pages},
    OPTpagetotal = {pagetotal},
    OPTaddendum = {addendum},
    OPTpubstate = {pubstate},
    OPTdoi = {doi},
    OPTeprint = {eprint},
    OPTeprintclass = {eprintclass},
    OPTeprinttype = {eprinttype},
    OPTurl = {url},
    OPTurldate = {urldate},
}		 @online{ ,
    ALTauthor = {author},
    ALTeditor = {editor},
    title = {title},
    date = {date},
    url = {url},
    OPTsubtitle = {subtitle},
    OPTtitleaddon = {titleaddon},
    OPTlanguage = {language},
    OPTversion = {version},
    OPTnote = {note},
    OPTorganization = {organization},
    OPTdate = {date},
    OPTmonth = {month},
    OPTyear = {year},
    OPTaddendum = {addendum},
    OPTpubstate = {pubstate},
    OPTurldate = {urldate},
}		 @proceedings{ ,
    editor = {editor},
    title = {title},
    date = {date},
    OPTsubtitle = {subtitle},
    OPTtitleaddon = {titleaddon},
    OPTmaintitle = {maintitle},
    OPTmainsubtitle = {mainsubtitle},
    OPTmaintitleaddon = {maintitleaddon},
    OPTeventtitle = {eventtitle},
    OPTeventdate = {eventdate},
    OPTvenue = {venue},
    OPTlanguage = {language},
    OPTvolume = {volume},
    OPTpart = {part},
    OPTvolumes = {volumes},
    OPTseries = {series},
    OPTnumber = {number},
    OPTnote = {note},
    OPTorganization = {organization},
    OPTpublisher = {publisher},
    OPTlocation = {location},
    OPTmonth = {month},
    OPTisbn = {isbn},
    OPTchapter = {chapter},
    OPTpages = {pages},
    OPTpagetotal = {pagetotal},
    OPTaddendum = {addendum},
    OPTpubstate = {pubstate},
    OPTdoi = {doi},
    OPTeprint = {eprint},
    OPTeprintclass = {eprintclass},
    OPTeprinttype = {eprinttype},
    OPTurl = {url},
    OPTurldate = {urldate},
}

Part two is integrating the information from the.bib file into your main LaTeX document.  

The three ways for doing so are using BibTex , BibTex with natbib , or BibLaTeX .  The hyperlinks will take you to explanation of each method from sharelatex.com.  Both BibTex with natbib and BibLaTeX have the advantage of optional arguments because they require a  \usepackage[]{} command.  These optional arguments can be used to fine tune how references appear throughout the document and the formatting of the bibliography.   Below is a table that highlights some of the important difference for each method.  

 

None natbib biblatex

\cite{bibID} \cite{bibID} \cite{bibID}

\biblographystyle{stylename}

:

abbrv    
acm
alpha
apalike    
ieeetr    
plain    
siam    
unsrt

 

\biblographystyle{stylename}

:

dinat
humannat    
plainnat    
abbrvnat    
unsrtnat    
rusnat    
ksfh_nat

\usepackage[
style=stylename,
]{biblatex}

:

numeric    
alphabetic    
authoryear    
authortitle    
verbose    
reading    
draft    

\bibliography{bibfilename}

DO NOT INCLUDE .bib

\bibliography{bibfilename}

DO NOT INCLUDE .bib

\printbibliography
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  • Last Updated: Jun 4, 2024 12:58 PM
  • URL: https://guides.nyu.edu/LaTeX

Purdue University

  • Ask a Librarian
  • How does BibTeX work?
  • BibTeX Tools & Resources
  • BibTeX Workshop Materials

Other Guides & Tutorials

More complex LaTeX/BibTeX guides for intermediate to advanced users.

  • Tame the BeaST: The B to X of BibTeX

BibTeX templates for common styles:

  • BibTeX, natbib, biblatex: Managing Citations in LaTeX
  • Preparing and Submitting Manuscripts Using LaTeX

Other Resources:

  • CTAN: Comprehensive TeX Archive Network

Using BibTeX with a Citation Manager

Many citation managers have extensive BibTeX support, and will do the majority of the heavy lifting for you in terms of generating the .bib file.  Each citation manager has its own pros and cons, and you can see an extensive list of citation tools (both paid and free) and their features, including whether or not they support BibTeX, at Wikipedia .

On rare occasions, such as in the case of special characters, you may need to edit the file with a text editor, but most citations can be formatted automatically without requiring your intervention.

Overleaf: Purdue's Cloud-Based LaTex/BibTeX Service

Overleaf is an online software that has numerous features, templates and other goodies such as command autocomplete and suggestions, that is available free from Purdue. A very useful page on the Purdue Website is found here with the sign-up link.

There are also numerous pages on how to learn LaTeX on this page which may be useful for the starting user. BibTex is automatically implemented into the Overleaf interface, but you will need to make a new .bib file and reference it as you would in a standard LaTeX/BibTeX setup.

  • << Previous: How does BibTeX work?
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  • Last Edited: Jun 8, 2023 3:28 PM
  • URL: https://guides.lib.purdue.edu/bibtex
  • University of Wisconsin–Madison
  • University of Wisconsin-Madison
  • Research Guides
  • LaTeX Guide
  • Citing with BibTeX

LaTeX Guide : Citing with BibTeX

  • Introduction
  • Getting Started
  • UW-Madison Templates

LaTeX uses the BibTeX (.bib) file format to manage and process lists of references in order to produce in-text citations and formatted bibliographies. It is possible to create a BibTeX file from scratch using a text editor, but many literature databases and most modern citation managers can export directly to this format.

  • Bibliography management with BibTeX An introduction to using BibTeX and .bib files for bibliography management, including solutions to common problems. From Overleaf.
  • BibTeX Basic introduction to the BibTeX file format and how to use it with LaTeX.
  • Choosing a BibTeX style Guide from Reed College on various citation styles and how to use them with BibTeX and LaTeX.

Citation Managers and LaTeX/BibTeX

Jabref is a free reference manager with native BibTeX and BibLaTeX support—it's designed for use with systems like LaTeX and includes cite-while-you-write functionality for LaTeX editors like Kile, LyX, and TeXstudio.

  • JabRef Free citation manager with BibTeX support. Made by researchers for researchers.

Zotero is a free, open source citation manager. To create a BibTeX file with Zotero:

  • Save all your references into a single collection folder
  • Right click that collection in Zotero ( Ctrl + click for Mac OS)
  • Choose Export Collection...
  • Change the format from RIS to BibTeX

This will create a .bib file for you. Because Zotero is open source, there are a number of third-party plugins you can get to add or improve functionality. Better BibTeX for Zotero is highly recommended if you will be using Zotero for citation management for a LaTeX project.

  • Better BibTeX for Zotero A plugin for Zotero that makes it easier for LaTeX users to manage bibliographic data.
  • How to link your Overleaf account to Mendeley and Zotero For users with premium subscriptions only.

EndNote is a powerful citation manager, but the full version cannot be used without the purchase of a software license. The paid version of EndNote can produce a BibTeX file for your references, with some limitations. To do this:

  • Save all your references into a single EndNote group
  • Select the references in EndNote (use Ctrl +A for Windows or Cmd + A for Mac OS to select all)
  • From the main menu choose File > Export...
  • Choose BibTeX Export as the file output style (this may require installing the BibTeX Export style from the Style Manager)
  • Save the file
  • EndNote creates a plain text (.txt) file with BibTeX formatting inside; you will need to manually change it to .bib

Note: these instructions were created using EndNote 20. The process may not be exactly the same for other versions of EndNote.

  • Can I use Overleaf with EndNote? Instructions for using EndNote to manage references for an Overleaf LaTeX project.

Mendeley is a free citation manager. Follow the directions below to create a BibTeX file containing the references from a Mendeley collection.

  • Save all your references into a single folder
  • Navigate to that folder in Mendeley Reference Manager
  • Choose File > Export All from the main menu
  • Choose BibTeX (*.bib) and save your file

Note: the steps may vary depending on the version of Mendeley being used.

  • Exporting references from Mendeley Instructions for exporting your Mendeley reference library to a variety of formats. Note that this creates a static file.
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  • Last Updated: May 29, 2024 3:50 PM
  • URL: https://researchguides.library.wisc.edu/latex

Naval Postgraduate School

  • NPS Dudley Knox Library
  • Research Guides

Citation Guide

  • BibTeX Code
  • Examples & Rules
  • Zotero Examples
  • Examples & Rules
  • BibTeX Code ≤ v2.6
  • Other Styles
  • Generative AI

  NPS Thesis Template v2.7 (rel. 3 April 2023): Code Examples (Using template version ≤  2.6? Click here:  IEEE  or  INFORMS )

The following codes are customized for NPS theses and are not intended for use with any other publisher or template. The NPS thesis LaTeX template comes prepackaged with a BibTeX tool and a bib file containing the examples below.
Blog

Blog

 

J. Locke, “Effect of weird tails in 35mm Innsmouth sprocket periodicity distributions on re-tiered bicyclical phase shifting using Cthulhean logic,” The Thing’s Credible!, blog, Dec. 22, 2020. Available: https://wrywhisker.pulpfriction.net/wallcrust/linear-colinear-felinear.html
  TBA @misc{locke_2020,
author = "J. Locke",
title = "Effect of weird tails in 35mm {I}nnsmouth sprocket periodicity distributions on re-tiered bicyclical phase shifting using {C}thulhean logic",
month = "Dec. 22,",
year = "2020",
howpublished = "The Thing’s Credible!, blog",
url = "https://wrywhisker.pulpfriction.net/wallcrust/linear-colinear-felinear.html"
}
Chapter in Edited Book

Book Chapter

One author, two editors

 

P. Haynes, “Al-Qaeda, oil dependence, and U.S. foreign policy,” in , D. Moran and J. A. Russel, Eds. New York, NY, USA: Routledge, 2009, pp. 62–77.
  Haynes P (2009) Al-Qaeda, oil dependence, and U.S. foreign policy. Moran D, Russel JA, eds., (Routledge, New York, NY, USA), 62–77.

@incollection{haynes_2009,
  author        = "P. Haynes",
  editor        = "D. Moran and J. A. Russel",
  title         = "Al-{Q}aeda, oil dependence, and {U.S.} foreign policy",
  booktitle     = "Energy Security and Global Politics: The Militarization of Resource Management",
  publisher     = "Routledge",
  address       = "New York, NY, USA",
  year          = "2009",
  pages         = "62--77"
}
Electronic Book

DOI or URL

  

 

M. E. Bonds, . New York, NY, USA: Oxford University Press, 2014. Available: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199343638.003.0004
  Bonds ME (2014) , https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/
9780199343638.003.0004. @ebook{bonds_2014,
    address = {New York, NY, USA},
    author = {M. E. Bonds},
    doi = {10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199343638.003.0004},
    publisher = {Oxford University Press},
    title = {Absolute Music: The History of an Idea},
    year = {2014}}

From book provider

  

 

A. Krishnan, as Business: Technological Change and Military Service Contracting. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2008. Available: Kindle
  Krishnan A (2008) , Kindle. @book{krishnan_2008,
    address = {Aldershot, England},
    author = {A. Krishnan},
    publisher = {Ashgate},
    title = {War as Business: Technological Change and Military Service Contracting},
    url = {Kindle},
    year = {2008}}
Print Book

One author

 

M. Pollan, Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals, 2nd ed. New York, NY, USA: Penguin, 2006.
  Pollan M (2006) , 2nd ed. (Penguin, New York, NY, USA).
 @book{pollan_2006,
  author        = "M. Pollan",
  title         = "The Omnivore’s Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals",
  publisher     = "Penguin",
  address       = "New York, NY, USA",
  edition       = "2nd ed.",
  year          = "2006"
}

Two authors with edition number

 

A. Strindberg and M. Wärn, , 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley and Sons, 2011.
  Strindberg A, Wärn M (2011) , 2nd ed. (John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken, NJ, USA). @book{strindberg_warn_2011,
  author        = "A. Strindberg and M. Wärn",
  title         = " Islamism: Religion, Radicalization and Resistance",
  publisher     = "John Wiley and Sons",
  address       = "Hoboken, NJ, USA",
  edition       = "2nd ed.",
  year          = "2011"
}
Section (in a series, portion, volume)

In a series

  

 

M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, Eds., (Applied Mathematics Series 55). Washington, DC, USA: NBS, 1964, pp. 32–33.
  N/A @inbook{abramowitz_64,
  editor        = "M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun",
  title         = "Handbook of Mathematical Functions",
  series        = "Applied Mathematics Series 55",
  publisher     = "NBS",
  address       = "Washington, DC, USA",
  pages         = "32--33",
  year          = "1964"
}

Portion
 

B. Orend, , 2nd ed. Tonawanda, NY, USA: Broadview Press, 2013, ch. 2, sec. 3, pp. 67–70.
  N/A @inbook{orend_2013,
  author        = "B. Orend",
  title         = "Morality of War",
  publisher     = "Broadview Press",
  address       = "Tonawanda, NY, USA",
  edition       = "2nd ed.",
  year          = "2013",
  chapter       = "2, sec.\ 3",
  pages         = "67--70"
}

Volume

 

R. L. Myer, “Parametric oscillators and nonlinear materials,” in , vol. 4, P. G. Harper and B. S. Wherret, Eds. San Francisco, CA, USA: Academic Press, 1977, pp. 47–160.
   N/A @incollection{myer_77,
  author        = "R. L. Myer",
  editor        = "P. G. Harper and B. S. Wherret",
  title         = "Parametric oscillators and nonlinear materials",
  booktitle     = "Nonlinear Optics",
  publisher     = "Academic Press",
  address       = "San Francisco, CA, USA",
  year          = "1977",
  volume        = "4",
  pages         = "47--160"
}

Class Notes / Lecture / Presentation / Workshop

 

“New applications in computational mechanics,” class notes for Computational Mechanics, Dept. of Mech. and Aerosp. Eng., Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, USA, spring 2013.
  Houston A (2016) Why capitalization matters when visiting the House of Potato Chips. Class notes, Performance Management and Budgeting, University of Idaho, September 28, Fort Chip, ID. @misc{NPS_notes_2013,
  title         = "New applications in computational mechanics",
  organization  = "Dept. of Mech. and Aerosp. Eng., Naval Postgraduate School",
  howpublished  = "class notes for Computational Mechanics",
  address       = "Monterey, CA, USA",
  year          = "spring 2013"
}

Computer Program / Software
 

M. Borenstein, L. Hedges, J. Higgins, and H. Rothstein, Englewood, NJ, USA. 2005. , ver. 2. Available: http://www.meta-analysis.com/
  Borenstein M, Hedges L, Higgins J, Rothstein H (2005) Comprehensive meta-analysis, ver. 2, Englewood, NJ, USA. Accessed May 8, 2015, http://www.meta-analysis.com. @software{comprehensive_2005,
  author        = "M. Borenstein and L. Hedges and J. Higgins and H. Rothstein",
  address       = "Englewood, NJ, USA",
  title         = "Comprehensive Meta-Analysis",
  howpublished  = "ver. 2",
  year          = "2005",
  url           = "http://www.meta-analysis.com"
}

Conference Proceedings

(online)

 

J. W. Morentz, C. Doyle, L. Skelly, and N. Adam, “Unified Incident Command and Decision Support (UICDS) a Department of Homeland Security initiative in information sharing,” in for Homeland Security, 2009. Available: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5168032
   Morentz JW, Doyle C, Skelly L, Adam N (2009) Unified Incident Command and Decision Support (UICDS) a Department of Homeland Security initiative in information sharing. , https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5168032. Variant of inproceedings class. Note "and" between multiple authors.

@inproceedings{morentz_2009,
  author        = "J. W. Morentz and C. Doyle and L. Skelly and N. Adam",
  title         = "{Unified Incident Command and Decision Support (UICDS) a Department of Homeland Security initiative in information sharing}",
  booktitle     = "2009 IEEE Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security",
  year          = "2009",
  url           = "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5168032"
}

Conference Proceedings

(print)

 

I. Katz, K. Gabayan, and H. Aghajan, “A multi-touch surface using multiple cameras,” in , 2007, pp. 133–203.
   Katz I, Gabayan K, Aghajan H (2007) A multi-touch surface using multiple cameras. (Berlin, Germany), 133–203. @inproceedings{katz_2007,
  author        = "I. Katz and K. Gabayan and H. Aghajan",
  title         = "A multi-touch surface using multiple cameras",
  booktitle     = "Adv. Conc. for Intell. Vis. Sys.: 9th Intl. Conf.",
  year          = "2007",
  pages         = "133--203"
}

Paper Presented at a Conference

Unpublished

 

K. Kirby and J. Stratton, “Van Allen probes: Successful launch campaign and early operations exploring Earth’s radiation belts,” presented at the IEEE Aerospace Conference, Big Sky, MT, USA, 2013.
  Teplin LA, McClelland GM, Abram KM (2005) Early violent death in delinquent youth: A prospective longitudinal study. Annual Meeting of the American Psychology-Law Society, La Jolla, CA. Use misc. Notice the {} around first letters of proper nouns in the title.

@misc{kirby_2013,
  author        = "K. Kirby and J. Stratton",
  title         = "{V}an {A}llen probes: Successful launch campaign and early operations exploring {E}arth's radiation belts",
  howpublished  = "presented at the IEEE Aerospace Conference",
  address       = "Big Sky, MT, USA",
  year          = "2013"
}

Database

Published

 

“NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database.” Object name IRAS F00400+4059. Accessed Dec. 10, 2012. Available: http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/
  Suro R (2004) Changing channels and crisscrossing culture: A survey of Latinos on news media. Pew Research Center. Accessed April 30, 2012, http://www.pewhispanic.org/2004/04/19/hanging-channels-and-crisscrossing-cultures/.

@misc{nsa_ipac_2012,
    journal = {database},
    note = {Accessed Dec. 10, 2012},
    organization = {Object name IRAS F00400+4059},
    title = {{NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database}},
    url = {http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/}}

Dictionary / Encyclopedia

  

 

"Metamorphosis,” . Accessed July 6, 2017. Available: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/metamorphosis
   Metamorphosis (2017) . Accessed July 6, 2017, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/metamorphosis. @misc{merriam_2017,
  title         = "Metamorphosis",
  howpublished  = {\emph{Merriam-Webster}. Accessed July 6, 2017},
  url           = "https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/metamorphosis"
}

Fact Sheet

 

Texas Instruments, , SNAS548D, 2015. Available: http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm555.pdf
   Department of Labor (2008) , http://www.dol.gov/whd/regs/compliance/whdfs1.htm. @manual{texas_2015,
    author = {{Texas Instruments}},
    howpublished = {SNAS548D},
    title = {LM555 timer},
    url = {http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm555.pdfs},
    year = {2015}}
Strategy Document / Other Government Report

-->
Directive

Directive

 

, DOD Directive 5000.1, Under Secretary of Defense (AT&L), Washington, DC, USA, 2003. Available: http://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodm/857001m.pdf
  Department of Defense (2005) . DoD Directive 8570.01-M. Washington, DC, http://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodm/857001m.pdf. @manual{dod_5000.1,
  title = "The Defense Acquisition System",
  howpublished  = "DOD Directive 5000.1",
  organization  = "Under Secretary of Defense (AT\&L)",
  address = "Washington, DC, USA",
  year = "2003",
  url = "http://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodm/857001m.pdf"
}
Doctrine

Doctrine

 

Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States, JP-1, Joint Chiefs of Staff, Washington, DC, USA, 2017. Available: https://fas.org/irp/doddir/dod/jp1.pdf
  Joint Chiefs of Staff (2017) . JP 3-01. Washington, DC, http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/new_pubs/jp3_01_20172104.pdf. @manual{JP1,
  title = "Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States",
  howpublished = "JP-1",
  organization = "Joint Chiefs of Staff",
  address = "Washington, DC, USA",
  year = "2017",
  url = "https://fas.org/irp/doddir/dod/jp1.pdf"
}
Field Manual / Military Regulation

Field Manual / Military Regulation

 

, FM 23-10, U.S. Dept. of the Army, Washington, DC, USA, 1995. Available: https://www.bits.de/NRANEU/others/amd-us-archive/fm_23-10%2894%29.pdf
  Department of the Army (1995) . FM 23-10. Washington, DC, USA, https://www.bits.de/NRANEU/others/amd-us-archive/fm_23-10%2894%29.pdf. @manual{sniper_2011,
  title = "Sniper Training",
  howpublished = "FM 23-10",
  organization = "U.S. Dept. of the Army",
  address = "Washington, DC, USA",
  year = "1995",
  url = "https://www.bits.de/NRANEU/others/amd-us-archive/fm_23-10\%2894\%29.pdf"
}
Government Report

CRS or GAO Report

 

M. C. Erwin, “Intelligence issues for Congress,” CRS Report No. RL33539, Washington, DC, USA, 2011. Available: http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/intel/ RL33539.pdf
  TBA @misc{erwin_2011,
  author = "M. C. Erwin",
  title = "Intelligence issues for {C}ongress",
  address = "Washington, DC, USA",
  howpublished = "CRS Report No. RL33539",
  year = "2011",
  url = "http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/intel/RL33539.pdf"
}

NEED CODE for 

White House. National Security Strategy

Instruction

Instruction

 

, DOD Instruction 1000.01, Department of Defense, Washington, DC, USA, 2012, pp. 1-1–1-10.
  See . @manual{instruction_1000.01,
  title = "Identification (ID) Cards Required by the Geneva Convention",
  howpublished = "DOD Instruction 1000.01",
  organization = "Department of Defense",
  address = "Washington, DC, USA",
  year = "2012",
  pages = "1\hyphen1--1\hyphen10"
}
Memorandum

Memorandum

 

T. M. Takai, “Adoption of the national information exchange model within the Department of Defense,” official memorandum, Department of Defense, Washington, DC, USA, 2013. Available: http://dodcio.defense.gov/Portals/0/Documents/ 2013-03-28%20Adoption%20of%20the%20NIEM%20within%20the%20DoD.pdf
  N/A @misc{takai_2013,
  author = "T. M. Takai",
  title = "Adoption of the national information exchange model within the {D}epartment of {D}efense",
  address = "Washington, DC, USA",
  howpublished = "official memorandum, {D}epartment of {D}efense",
  year = "2013",
  url = "http://dodcio.defense.gov/Portals/0/Documents/2013-03-28\%20Adoption\%20of\%20the\%20NIEM\%20within\%20the\%20DoD.pdf"
}

Print

 

Communications, 3rd ed., Western Elect. Co., Winston- Salem, NC, USA, 1985, pp. 44–60.
  Western Elect. Co. (1985) , 3rd ed. (Winston-Salem, NC, USA). @manual{transmission_comm_85,
  title = "Transmission Systems for Communications",
  edition = "3rd",
  organization = "Western Elect. Co.",
  address = "Winston-Salem, NC, USA",
  year = "1985",
  pages = "44--60"
}

Online

 

G. Sanico and M. Kakinaka, “Terrorism and deterrence policy with transnational support,” Econ., vol. 19, no. 2, Apr. 2018. Available: https://doi.org/10.1080/10242690701505419
   Sanico G, Kakinaka M (2018) Terrorism and deterrence policy with transnational support. 19(2) (April), https://doi.org/10.1080/10242690701505419. @article{sanico_2018,
    author = {G. Sanico and M. Kakinaka},
    doi = {10.1080/10242690701505419},
    journal = {Def. \& Peace Econ.},
    month = Apr,
    number = {2},
    title = {Terrorism and deterrence policy with transnational support},
    volume = {19},
    year = {2018}}

 

Print

 

W. Q. Wang and H. Shao, “High altitude platform multichannel SAR for wide-area and staring imaging,” , vol. 29, no. 25, pp. 12–17, Mar. 2014.
  Griffin G (2009) Managing peacekeeping communications. 3(2):317–327. @article{wang_2014,
  author = "W. Q. Wang and H. Shao",
  title = "High altitude platform multichannel {SAR} for wide-area and staring imaging",
  journal = "Aerosp. and Electron. Syst.",
  volume = "29",
  number = "25",
  month = mar,
  year = "2014",
  pages = "12--17"
}

Legislative Document

-->

 

U.S. House, 102nd Congress, 1st Session. (1991, Jan. 11). H. Con. Res. 1, of Military Action. Available: http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c102:H.CON.RES.1.IH
  INFORMS: No reference required.

@electronic{congress_1991,
    author = {{U.S. House, 102nd Congress, 1st Session}},
    month = {Jan. 11},
    title = {H. Con. Res. 1, \emph{Sense of the Congress on Approval of Military Action}},
    url = {http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c102:H.CON.RES.1.IH},
    year = {1991}}

Public Law

Published in the

 

 Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, 42 U.S.C. § 12101. 1991.
  No reference required. @misc{americans_1991,
    howpublished = {42 U.S.C. {\S} 12101},
    journal = {law},
    title = {Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990},
    year = {1991}}

Google Map

 

Google. “Monterey Bay.” Accessed Jul. 6, 2017. Available: https://www.google.com/maps/place/Monterey+Bay/@36.7896106,
-122.0843052,11z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x808e0ccfc5859dfd:0x124654a608855d43!8m2!3d36.8007413!4d-121.947311
  N/A

@misc{Google_2017,
    author = {Google},
    journal = {map},
    note = {Accessed Jul. 6, 2017},
    title = {Monterey {B}ay},
    url = {https://www.google.com/maps/place/Monterey+Bay/@36.7896106,-122.0843052,11z/
data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x808e0ccfc5859dfd:0x124654a608855d43!8m2!3d36.8007413!4d-121.947311}}

Online

 

L. Linguine, “Animal fat shampoos for achieving angel hair,” , Jul. 15, 2016. Available: http://www.chickenyodeling.com/ dfjgp98y4t34_pherg899h.html/
   Beforebad S (2014) Cold spaghetti: To eat or not to eat?   (January 1), https://pastadynamics.com/2014/11/03/skettibrrrrrrr.html. @article{linguine_2016,
    author = {L. Linguine},
    journal = {Knife and Spork Semi-Weekly},
    month = {Jul. 15,},
    title = {Animal fat shampoos for achieving angel hair},
    url = {http://www.chickenyodeling.com/dfjgp98y4t34_pherg899h.html/},
    year = {2016}}

Print

 

J. Stulberg, “The art of creating crossword puzzles,” , Jul. 15, 2016.
  Beforebad S (2014) Cold spaghetti: To eat or not to eat? (January 1). @article{stulberg_2016,
    author = {J. Stulberg},
    journal = {New York Times},
    month = {Jul. 15,},
    title = {The art of creating crossword puzzles},
    year = {2016}}

Patent

 

A. G. Bell, “Improvement in telegraphy,” U.S. Patent 174 465, Mar. 7, 1876. Available: https://www.google.com/patents/US174465

 Bell AG (1876) U.S. Patent No. 174,465. U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, Washington, DC, https://www.google.com/patents/US174465. @patent{bell_1876,
  author = "A. G. Bell",
  title = "Improvement in telegraphy",
  nationality = "United States",
  number = "174465",
  day = "7",
  month = Mar,
  year = "1876",
  url = "https://www.google.com/patents/US174465"
}

 

 R. Ajanlekoko, private communication, Sep. 2009.
   Wunkerbunk TT (2002) Moss-growing statistics provided to the author via personal communication, June 11. @misc{ajanlekoko_2009,
  author = "R. Ajanlekoko",
  howpublished = "private communication",
  year = "2009",
  month = "Sep."
}
Research Report / Think Tank Report / White Paper

Research Report / Think Tank Report / White Paper

 

L. Dixon , “The cost and affordability of flood insurance in New York City,” RAND Corp., Santa Monica, CA, USA, RR-1776-NYCEDC, 2017. Available: https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR1700/ RR1776/RAND_RR1776.pdf

  Dixon L, Clancy N, Miller BM, Hoegberg S, Lewis MM, Bender B, Ebinger S, et al. (2017) The cost and affordability of flood insurance in New York City. Report RR-1776-NYCEDC, RAND Corp., Santa Monica, CA, USA, https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR1700/RR1776/RAND_RR1776.pdf. @techreport{dixon_2017,
    address = {Santa Monica, CA, USA},
    author = {Lloyd Dixon and Noreen Clancy and Benjamin M. Miller and Sue Hoegberg and Michael M. Lewis and Bruce Bender and Samara Ebinger and Mel Hodges and Gayle M. Syck and Caroline Nagy and Scott R. Choquette},
    institution = {RAND Corp.},
    number = {RR-1776-NYCEDC},
    title = {The cost and affordability of flood insurance in {N}ew {Y}ork {C}ity},
    url = {https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR1700/RR1776/RAND_RR1776.pdf},
    year = {2017}}
Technical Report

Technical Report

Author given

(online)

 

S. V. Effendi and X. Vilhjálmsson, “The absorption rate of potatoes in salmonella,” Dept. Vet. Stud., Madison, WI, USA, Rep. 17-59, 2009. Available: https://vetstudies.edu/donteatthosefries.html
  Wonka W, Loompa O, Bucket C (1972) Stochastic error-correction in a hyperbaric ethereal pulley system for vitreous personal vertical displacement apparatuses (PVDA). Technical Report VK-1916, Gloop Corporation, Great Missenden, UK, https://www.beanfeast.org/badegg/wahwah.pdf. @techreport{effendi_2009,
  author = "S. V. Effendi and X. Vilhjálmsson",
  title = "The absorption rate of potatoes in salmonella",
  institution = "Dept. Vet. Stud.",
  address = "Madison, WI, USA",
  number = "Rep. 17-59",
  year = "2009",
  url = "https://vetstudies.edu/donteatthosefries.html"
}

Technical Report

Author given

(print)

 

K. A. Abdulatipov and F. Ramazonov, “The absorption rate of E. coli in cats,” Dept. Vet. Stud., Madison, WI, USA, Rep. 17-59, 2012.
  Wonka W, Loompa O, Bucket C (1972) Stochastic error-correction in a hyperbaric ethereal pulley system for vitreous personal vertical displacement apparatuses (PVDA). Technical Report VK-1916, Gloop Corporation, Great Missenden, UK. @techreport{abdulatipov_2012,
  author = "K. A. Abdulatipov and F. Ramazonov",
  title = "The absorption rate of {E}. coli in cats",
  institution = "Dept. Vet. Stud.",
  address = "Madison, WI, USA",
  number = "Rep. 17-59",
  year = "2012"
}

Technical Report

Organization as author

(online)

 

National Toxicology Program, “Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of trimethy- lolpropane triacrylate (CASRN 15625-89-5) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1/N mice (Topical Application Studies),” Washington, DC, USA, Rep. TR-576, 2012. Available: https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/results/pubs/longterm/reports/longterm/tr500580?/listedreports/tr576/index.html
  TBA @techreport{national_toxicology_2012,
    address = {Washington, DC, USA},
    institution = {National Toxicology Program},
    number = {Rep. TR-576},
    title = {Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of trimethylolpropane triacrylate {(CASRN 15625-89-5) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1/N mice (Topical Application Studies)}},
    url = {https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/results/pubs/longterm/reports/longterm/tr500580 ?/listedreports/tr576/index.html},
    year = {2012}}

Standard

 

Letter Symbols for Quantities, ANSI Standard Y10.5, 1968.
  N/A @manual{standard_1968,
  title = "Letter Symbols for Quantities",
  howpublished = "ANSI Standard Y10.5",
  year = "1968"
}

Dissertation

(print)

 Check your output:

 

J. Rivera, “Software system architecture modeling methodology for naval gun weapon systems,” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of Comp. Sci., Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA, USA, 2010.
   Yoshi H (1988) Effects of pizza consumption on katana-wielding dexterity in terrapinoids. Doctoral dissertation, Department of Reptile Bellicosity, Eastman & Laird University, New York, NY, https://hdl.handle.net/6576565753/splinter.html. @phdthesis{rivera_2010,
  author = "J. Rivera",
  title = "Software system architecture modeling methodology for naval gun weapon systems",
  school = "Dept. of Comp. Sci., Harvard Univ.",
  address = "Cambridge, MA, USA",
  year = "2010"
}

Thesis

From an institutional archive such as the NPS Archive: Calhoun

 

T. D. Moon, “Rising dragon: Infrastructure development and Chinese influence in Vietnam,” M.A. thesis, Dept. of Natl. Sec. Aff., NPS, Monterey, CA, USA, 1993. Available: http://hdl.handle.net/10945/4694

  Nekeip R (2008) Pescatarians and daisies: A match made in sushi heaven. Master’s thesis, Garden of Sushi School of Sushi, Maui, HI, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database (AAT 3300426). @mastersthesis{Moon_1993,
  author = "T. D. Moon",
  title = "Rising dragon: Infrastructure development and {C}hinese influence in {V}ietnam",
  school = "Dept. of Natl. Sec. Aff., NPS",
  address = "Monterey, CA, USA",
  type = "M.A. thesis",
  year = "1993",
  url = "http://hdl.handle.net/10945/4694"
}

Unpublished Work

Accepted for publication

 

R. Briscoe, “Egocentric spatial representation in action and perception,” unpublished.
  Horse BB (1995) Back in the saddle. Unpublished memoir, Leaping H Ranch, Peoria, IL. @unpublished{briscoe_unpub,
  author = "R. Briscoe",
  title = "Egocentric spatial representation in action and perception",
  note = "unpublished"
}

Author and date given

 

R. Roth, “75 years ago, the Doolittle Raid changed history,” CNN, Apr. 18, 2017. Available: http://www.cnn.com/2017/04/18/us/75th-anniversary-doolittle- raid/index.html

  Sushi UQ (1995) Absorption of cats in sushi. Sushi Lab. Accessed November 9, 1999, http://www.wallcrust.com/hgtehrwOIASD.html. @misc{Roth_2017,
  author = "R. Roth",
  title = "75 years ago, the {D}oolittle {R}aid changed history",
  howpublished = "CNN",
  month = "Apr. 18,", 
  year = "2017",
  url = "http://www.cnn.com/2017/04/18/us/75th-anniversary-doolittle-raid/index.html"
}

Organization as author

 

Federal Bureau of Investigation, “Forging papers to sell fake art,” Apr. 6, 2017. Available: https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/forging-papers-to-sell-fake-art
   Federal Bureau of Investigation (2017) Forging papers to sell fake art. Apr. 6, https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/forging-papers-to-sell-fake-art. @misc{FBI_2017,
  author = {{Federal Bureau of Investigation}},
  title = {Forging papers to sell fake art},
  month = "Apr. 6,", 
  year = "2017",
  url = "https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/forging-papers-to-sell-fake-art"
}

Organization as author, no date given

 

Department of Defense, “About the Department of Defense (DOD).” Accessed Apr. 18, 2017. Available: https://www.defense.gov/About/

  Python M (2017) Finding a dead parrot on a silly walk. Ministry of Silly Walks. Accessed August 6, 2017, https://www.omgitsadeadparrot.com/feathers. @misc{dep_defense_2017,
    author = {{Department of Defense}},
    note = {Accessed Apr. 18, 2017},
    title = {{About the Department of Defense (DOD)}},
    url = {https://www.defense.gov/About/}}

Janes example

 

 “Mali: Executive summary,” Jane’s, May 31, 2017. Available: https://customer.janes.com/
   Jane's (2017) Mali: Executive summary. May 31, https://customer.janes.com/. @misc{Janes_2017,
    howpublished = {Jane's},
    month = {May 31,},
    title = {Mali: Executive summary},
    url = {https://customer.janes.com/},
    year = {2017}}

Wikipedia

 

“Psychology,” . Accessed May 17, 2011. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology

 Psychology (2016) . Accessed May 17, 2016, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology. @article{wiki_2016,
    journal = {Wikipedia},
    note = {Accessed May 17, 2011},
    title = {Psychology},
    url = {https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology}}

Working Paper / Occasional Paper

 

U. Q. Sushi, “Three-handed Fibonacci model for optimizing surface-to-volume ratio of temaki in Hilbert space,” working paper, Donburi Inst. of Int. Gastron., Pierre, SD, USA, 2021. Available: https://www.wallcrust.com/403t3-9j/340txf%oii%/gonzoponzu.html

TBA @misc{sushi_2021,
    address = {Pierre, SD, USA},
    author = {U. Q. Sushi},
    howpublished = {working paper},
    organization = {Donburi Inst. of Int. Gastron.},
    title = {Three-handed {F}ibonacci model for optimizing surface-to-volume ratio of temaki in {H}ilbert space},
    url = {https://www.wallcrust.com/403t3-9j/340txf\%oii\%/gonzoponzu.html},
    year = {2021}}
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bibtex research paper

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Citing and Using References on Overleaf: A Guide for Researchers

When writing a research paper, it’s important to use references to support your claims. Citing your sources correctly is key to creating a solid argument and avoiding plagiarism. This guide will show you how to cite references on Overleaf using CiteDrive. We’ll also give you tips for finding reliable sources online. Let’s get started!

Need a simple solution for managing your BibTeX entries? Explore CiteDrive!

  • Web-based, modern reference management
  • Collaborate and share with fellow researchers
  • Integration with Overleaf
  • Comprehensive BibTeX/BibLaTeX support
  • Save articles and websites directly from your browser
  • Search for new articles from a database of tens of millions of references

Step 1: Connecting CiteDrive with Overleaf

If you’re not already signed in to Overleaf , you’ll need to do so now. Then, go to CiteDrive , create an Overleaf project, and add references to your new project. Your project could look like this:

CiteDrive - Example

After that, click on “bib” on the top left of your project. This will open a new tab to the dynamic BibTeX file that you can use for your Overleaf, which will auto-update whenever you or your teammates add, update, or deletes references from your project.

Finally, go to Overleaf, create a new file, select “From External URL”, and paste the URL from the dynamic BibTeX to “URL to fetch the file from” name it here references.bib . Your CiteDrive project is now connected to Overleaf! Remember that you need to click on refresh when you make changes in our CiteDrive project so that Overleaf gets the latest state.

Add files to Overleaf

Step 2: Create a TeX document in Overleaf

Now let’s create a new tex-file for Overleaf, which we could call “document.tex” we can define the bibliography, the BibTeX file from CiteDrive with \bibliography{references} . But what bibliography tools should we use? For Bibliography management in LaTeX/Overleaf, there are many options: most likely, natbib, bibtex, and biblatex. For the management of bibliographies in LaTeX, BibTeX is the mainstay that forms the basis for the format. With natbib, BibTeX is provided with an extension that offers more design freedom for in-text citations, and biblatex is a complete revision of BibTeX that offers more reference types, sorting, and filtering options for bibliographies and localization options. While BibteX is the best-known program, BibLaTex is not only just as robust but also the most recommended program for newcomers. The citation and bibliographical data for references and listings are kept in the so-called .bib-file, just as you see in the BibTeX file from CiteDrive. It’s always in the same format:

Here @article is the source type, title , author , year and journal , the attributes used to display in your references lists and citations and lastly, smith201X , a unique identifier you can use to reference in your document, mainly with cite(key). CiteDrive is not picky about the format; any field and entry type making it work for the bibliographic package of your choice is acceptable. Because CiteDrive’s fundamental goal is to separate bibliographic data from the document and citation styles, all alternatives are supported by CiteDrive.

As a result, we provide three templates below to get you started.

Getting started with BibTeX:

If you want to start with BibTeX, use the following template or open directly to Overleaf. For more information on BibTeX, see the documentation.

Getting started with natbib:

For more on natbib, please click here.

Getting started with BibLaTeX:​

For more on BibLaTeX, please click here.

Step 3: In-Text citations

If you have the browser extension installed, you can create citations by selecting the text and clicking on the CiteDrive icon in your toolbar.

You can also cite references manually using the cite command. For example, if you wanted to cite Smith (201X), you would use \cite{smith201X} . Or use the reference search in overleaf.

Bibliography styles are preinstalled on Overleaf and depending which package you used references on the following pages:

That’s it! You should now have everything you need to start using references in Overleaf. Please let us know by e-mail at [email protected] if you have any questions or feedback.

Happy TeXing!

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bibtex research paper

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  • Import options for over 15 reference formats
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bibtex research paper

  • Group your research into hierarchical collections
  • Organize articles based on keywords, tags, search terms or your manual assignments
  • Advanced search and filter features
  • Keep track of what you read: ranking, priority, printed, quality-assured

bibtex research paper

  • Native BibTeX and BibLaTeX support, perfect for text-based typesetting systems such as LaTeX and Markdown.
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  • Format references in one of the many thousand built-in citation styles or create your style
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bibtex research paper

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because LaTeX matters

Using google scholar to download bibtex citations.

Google indexes most things on the web. “Most things” includes publications which are searchable through Google Scholar . Google Scholar generates BibTeX citations which can be imported into a .bib file or citation database.

To download BibTeX citation go to Google Scholar and search for a publication. Through the cite button below a search result Google provides formatted citations for MLA, APA, and Chicago styles.

google_scholar_search

Now click the link “Import into BibTeX” at the bottom of the window to copy and paste the BibTeX citation.

google_scholar_citation_formats

You will be presented with the BibTeX citation, here for The TeXbook:

If you have a Google account, you can configure Google Scholar to show the “Import into BibTeX” on the search result page. Here is how:

  • Login with your Google account
  • Use the small down arrow in the top right corner to access Settings
  • At the bottom, select “Show links to import into” and select BibTeX

google_scholar_bibtex_result_page

As long as you are logged-in, you can directly access the BibTeX citation.

google_scholar_bibtex_link

It’s always better to double check the citation generated by Google Scholar. Especially if the titles or author names contain special characters such as symbols or umlauts. In the example, the title should be changed to:

  What method or service do you use to generate citations? Let me know below.

Share this:

20 comments.

' src=

22. April 2014 at 9:23

Be careful with blindly copy-pasting Google scholar’s bibtex entries. I found that regularly there are omissions, errors, or even completely faulty entries. I don’t know how they collect the data for these bibliographic entries, but I doubt that there will be much human involvement in the process. Furthermore, as there does not seem to be a way to send in corrections to google scholar, chances are faulty entries stay faulty for a long time.

For that matter, it’d be a great idea to have some sort of bibliographic wikipedia where we all (as a scientific and scholarly community) would combine, refine, and improve our bibliographies.

' src=

22. April 2014 at 9:44

Thanks for your thoughts on this. I agree, it is important to check Google Scholar citations for their correctness before using them. I just can’t believe typing BibTeX manually is what most people do. A bibliographic Wikipedia would certainly be a great resource. Thanks, Tom

22. April 2014 at 10:14

Typing manually is not that odd. For one thing, processing a reference, i.e., finding it, reading it, thinking about it, using it, takes a long time. Carefully writing out the bibliographic information doesn’t take long compared to that.

Furthermore, in some fields, literature referencing is done much more rigorous than in others. For example, in History it matters what exact source you used as these sources are the foundation of historiography. Other historians should be able to find the exact same source, not another edition, not something similar. Plus, many a source is not a simple article or proceedings but a letter, archival record, painting, or whatever else. It is hard, if not impossible, to find automatic generated bibliographic entries that fulfill the requirements of the historic art.

Then again, you would like people who use references, i.e., the highly educated, to have enough computational thinking skill to understand and look for pre-existing bibliographic items when they’re citing sources and articles that either from publication databases or modern publications.

22. April 2014 at 17:34

Good points, thanks! Tom

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25. April 2014 at 13:14

I recommend using a reference source manager, such as Papers (papers app.com, not free) or Mendeley (mendeley.com, free). This lets you keep the PDF of your reference in a fully searchable database, and if your source is a journal article, it will (almost always, at least in the case of Papers) fetch the citation data automatically and correctly.

This allows you to manage 1 collection from which you can export a bib-file in whatever style you wish, with all or a subset of entries, and also other versions such as EndNote if you want to share your bibliography with non-LaTeX users.

A nice touch in the Papers app, I find, is that you can bring up a quick search tool when writing a manuscript, so you can look up the paper you want to reference and insert the citation code blurb (i.e. “\cite{CITEKEY}”) with the click of a button. This works in any LaTeX editor (as well as MS Word if you use EndNote).

25. April 2014 at 19:36

Thanks for the insight. I heard and read about Mendeley, but haven’t tried the software yet. Will add it to my todo-list…

Thanks again, Tom

Retrieving citations in BibTeX format with doi2bib.org

6. June 2014 at 8:34

[…] Google Scholar is doing a reasonable, but not always brilliant job in generating BibTeX entries (see my recent post on the topic and the discussion). The main drawbacks include the missing digital object identifier (DOI) or URL linking back to […]

' src=

11. November 2014 at 20:37

Never see a “Link to Bibtex” in google scholar. NEVER. AM logged into my google account, have gone through settings and selected option for saving Bibtex info. Nothing. Any help?

12. November 2014 at 5:06

Hi Michelle,

Do you see a “cite” button below every search result? You can get the BibTeX results through that link too.

Btw. You might also be interested in http://doi2bib.org , which fetches bibtex entries from digital object identifiers (doi). You can find dois on almost every article and journal website.

Cheers, Tom

12. November 2014 at 10:04

If I look in the “Scholar Settings”, I see a section headed with “Bibliography manager”. There are two options. By default, the option “Don’t show any citation import links” is selected. Instead, select the option “Show links to import citation into [ ]” and, in the selection box following, select “BibTeX”. Save your changes and reload.

' src=

18. April 2015 at 10:50

How to import bibtex citation for a website link through Google Scholar

20. April 2015 at 11:27

Google Scholar is a search engine for scholarly literature. Therefore, you won’t be able to find citations for websites. This page explains how to manually create a BibTeX citation entry for a web-based resource.

' src=

22. April 2015 at 15:53

Also check out bibtexsearch.com – they have a a large number of Google Scholar records but including additional fields that scholar tends to omit (doi, issn, etc).

23. April 2015 at 7:17

Thanks for the link. It seems some of their BibTeX entries are incomplete. My suggestion is to use http://doi2bib.org instead. Doi2bib retrieves BibTeX entries directly from the publishers, including DOIs.

' src=

9. October 2015 at 19:01

Do you have any insights on how to perform a search on google scholar and get the BibTex from that search?

I am sorry. I am referring on how to do that using R.

9. October 2015 at 22:27

Conceptually, I would send a query through the crossref API , convert the JSON to a data.frame , and then use the DOI to query for BibTeX, again through crossref.

Let me know how it goes.

In case you already have a DOI, you might want to consider using the doi2bib web-service .

14. October 2015 at 2:48

Thanks for your reply!

There is the code to find references, get doi and than print using bibtex format:

14. October 2015 at 9:59

Thanks for posting your solution! Best, Tom

' src=

24. February 2019 at 20:35

why my google scholar is not working??

19. March 2019 at 13:44

Can you be a bit more specific. What are you trying to do? Also, consider using doi2bib.org for BibTeX citations.

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

  • Plagiarism and grammar
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BIBTEX Citation Generator

- powered by chegg, all of our writing tools, none of the ads, is this source credible consider the criteria below..

Is the purpose to entertain, sell, persuade, or inform/teach ? Journal articles are often designed to inform or teach. Books and websites could have any of these or a combination of the purposes above. So it is important to determine why the source was created and if it is appropriate for your research. For websites in particular, looking at their "About Us" page or "Mission Statement" can help you evaluate purpose.

Accuracy is the reliability and truthfulness of the source. Here are a few indicators of an accurate source:

  • Citations or a works cited list. For websites, this can be links to other credible sites.
  • Evidence that backs up claims made by the author(s).
  • Text that is free of spelling and grammatical errors.
  • Information that matches that in other, credible sources.
  • Language that is unbiased and free of emotion.

Based on the above the source could be accurate, inaccurate, a mixture of accurate and inaccurate, or hard to tell.

Authority: Author

The author is the individual or organization who wrote the information in the book, in the journal article, or on the website. If no author is listed, there may be another contributor instead. For example, an editor or a translator. A credible author has:

  • Written several articles or books on the topic.
  • Provided contact information. For example, an email address, mailing address, social media account, etc.
  • The experience or qualifications to be an expert on the topic.

Authority: Publisher

The credibility of the publisher can contribute to the authority of a source. The publisher can be a person, company or organization. Authoritative publishers:

  • Accept responsibility for content.
  • Are often well-known.
  • Often publish multiple works on the same or related topics.

Relevance describes how related or important a source is to your topic. While a source may be credible, it does not necessarily mean it is relevant to your assignment. To determine relevance, you should:

  • Determine the website's intended audience. Look at the level of the information and the tone of the writing. For example, is it meant for academics or the general public?
  • Make sure that the information is related to your research topic.
  • Make sure that the information helps you answer your research question.

A publication date is an important part of evaluating the credibility of a source and its appropriateness for your topic. It is generally best to use content that was recently published or updated, but depending on your assignment, it may be appropriate to use older information. For example, a journal entry from Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War is too outdated to use in a discussion about modern politics and war, but would be appropriate for a paper about the Civil War. Consider the following when evaluating currency:

  • Was it published or updated recently? If a website, is there even a publication date listed?
  • Is the date of the source appropriate or inappropriate for my assignment?

After analyzing your source, do you believe it is credible, not credible, partially credible, or are you unsure? If you are still unsure, it may help to ask your instructor a librarian for assistance.

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Q. How can I get a BibTeX-formatted citation for a research paper or dataset?

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Answered By: Donna Wrublewski Last Updated: Jan 29, 2024     Views: 1150

Google scholar offers bibtex citations for research items it retrieves, but the formatted bibtex citation it provides does not include a digital object identifier, or doi, for the research object described., a better online service that allows retrieval of bibtex-formatted citations with dois is doi2bib.org., enter a valid doi in the form and a bibtex-formatted display returns. the doi can be from any doi registration agency, be it crossref (mostly articles and book chapters), datacite (datasets), or another., this screenshot example shows the bibtex entry returned for a doi corresponding to a dataset in the caltechdata repository:.

doi2bib screenshot

Once the BibTeX citation is provided, be sure to save it to a desktop file with the extension .bib so it can be recognized as a BibTeX bibliography by LaTeX or RMarkdown, ORCiD, NSF, or other services that accept publication lists in BibTeX.

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Wondering which citation generator should you go for? Here is a list of features that you should look out for, so you can make an informed decision.

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SciSpace		Citation Generator by
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Easybib
Capture information from the Internet Fully Partially Partially Partially Partially Partially
Autoformatting Yes Partially Partially Partially Partially Partially
ExportBibTeX, ClipboardWord, Clipboard, CSL-JSON, BibTeXWord, LaTeX, ClipboardWordWordWord
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How can I use BibTeX to cite a web page?

I'm looking to cite a number of web pages using bibtex and I was wondering if there was a specific template of the form @<template name here> for doing that. If you could use the following website as an example that would be great

http://web.archive.org/web/20080207010024/http://www.808multimedia.com/winnt/kernel.htm

  • 2 As an extra thing here - I just found that if you are want to attribute the site name as author (for example if I wanted to say that the author of this page was 'Stack Overflow' it's best to put 'Stack Overflow' as the `key' field, rather than the 'author' field. Because then latex formats as 'Stack Overflow' and not 'S. Overflow'. (might only apply with Harvard style) –  Joe Commented Oct 7, 2012 at 12:19
  • 2 a nice resource covering, inter alia , natbib and biblatex (with screenshot-snippets of the PDF) is here: nschloe.blogspot.de/2009/06/bibtex-how-to-cite-website_21.html –  nutty about natty Commented May 1, 2013 at 8:17
  • 1 Re @Joe's comment: You can force BibTeX to treat the author name as something that cannot be abbreviated, by enclosing it in an extra pair of curly braces: author = {{Jemison Laboratory}}, . Works for natbib, at least. –  Mars Commented May 18, 2016 at 16:50
  • The most convenient way is to use cite maker website, take for example, bibme . It will be most preferred one also for you I guess. –  Nihad Huseynov Commented Apr 19, 2022 at 13:48

8 Answers 8

A simple way of doing it in BibTeX is with a @misc entry:

You should also perhaps include an author if you know it. And remember to load a package such as hyperref or url .

If you are using BibLaTeX there is an @online entry type:

Juan A. Navarro's user avatar

  • 31 +1 for the way to include the access date (very important!). There's an alternative way that uses howpublished to include the \url{} and [Acccessed: 30 September 2009] , but that might not be style-independent. It's a little frustrating that BibTeX didn't officially keep up with web pages as an entry. –  Fuhrmanator Commented Aug 27, 2012 at 15:35
  • 15 There is a urldate field for biblatex, that acts as an accessed date field. –  naught101 Commented Oct 15, 2012 at 2:22
  • 2 Not sure if it's related to my specific configuration, but Biber kept complaining about the urldate field until I changed it to {2010-09-30} . –  Pieter Commented Mar 26, 2013 at 14:28
  • 5 Thanks! For web sites that are dated, I prefer to use the month and year fields, but for sites that are undated, putting the date of access in the note field is a good way to go. –  Nagel Commented Oct 30, 2014 at 13:15
  • 3 Great answer, @misc entry and howpublished with \url{} field seems the way to go. Check out the website bibtex.online to convert BibTeX to other formats such as APA, MLA or Chicago –  David Commented Oct 9, 2019 at 17:45

I always use the defaults suggested by Wikipedia (see "BibTeX entry" at the bottom), available if you click on "cite this page".

MaxSem's user avatar

  • 7 Neat trick. I had to change url to howpublished to make it work. How do I get that view for other wikipedia pages? –  krupan Commented Jan 8, 2013 at 19:08
  • 1 @krupan I have no idea what you mean by "other wikipedia pages". What pages do you want to cite? –  Habi Commented Jan 10, 2013 at 12:07
  • 3 @krupan in the left of every page you can found a link Cite this page , it complete the link that @habi provides with the current wikipedia page. –  Arturo Volpe Commented Jan 22, 2015 at 19:55
  • 1 I see it now, thank you. It's not there on mobile (even when I request the desktop site). –  krupan Commented Nov 5, 2019 at 20:37
  • 1 The citation-generation link seems to have moved at some point to the Tools entry in the menu bar at the top of the page. There's an entry for Cite this page . –  radical7 Commented Apr 24, 2023 at 16:06

The JabRef reference manager suggests to use the "electronic" type. So I do it like this:

In the BibTeX export of Citavi there is als the type "www". Depending on your editor you have to define the styles "electronic" and "www", so "misc" seems to be probably the safest.

But then you should use \bibliographystyle{alphadin} and do it like this:

Amir Pourmand's user avatar

  • Nice! "@electronic" made the URL visible when using the CSL file at zotero.org/styles/ieee . –  Robert Pollak Commented Jun 18, 2018 at 11:16
  • if I use alphadin then there is no bib key in references. strange –  Nils Zenker Commented Jun 7, 2019 at 12:20
  • Should urldate be the current dat? or can I obtain its original created date from the url? @Benny Neugebauer –  alper Commented Oct 29, 2019 at 13:08
  • I'm lazy. Does JabRef have a tool that will automatically generate a citation when pointed at a StackExchange post like this one? Citing SE posts can be burdensome because of the often large number of contributors. –  Shawn Eary Commented Oct 22, 2021 at 15:56

I found a very good tutorial on http://www.polymtl.ca/biblio/utiliser/guide_bibtex.pdf (French; the link is now dead, available at the Wayback Machine )

With this, i have modified the ieeetr.bst file to integrate the ignored tags url and urldate to all the types of entries (style was imposed for the report at the end of study).

The file was renamed ( mystyle ) and placed in the same local folder as the ref.bib file. Called with

(1) add the new entries :

(2) add this function

(3) for all types, call the function with format.url "" output ! Example for @incollection :

I hope it can help you

Neinstein's user avatar

  • 1 Hi madit, just added some code tags for ya :) –  Scott H. Commented Nov 6, 2012 at 22:19
  • Yes, even in sentences, it is better indeed. Thank you. –  madit Commented Nov 6, 2012 at 22:26
  • The link to the tutorial is dead –  Hugal31 Commented Nov 24, 2017 at 17:25

Hm, it would seem that it isn't possible to cite webpages directly, but there does seem to be a workaround using the general purpose @misc field.

https://texfaq.org/FAQ-citeURL

David Carlisle's user avatar

If you are creating your own bst file and you want it to incorporate web references, I use this function:

This with bib file entries like

I get this result:

enter image description here

Try this, please:

The output:

Screenshot of the output of the above code.

Thanks from me, I could use this Question thread to solve my problems with URL citations. I think, my solution adds a bit flexibility.

This part extends the answer from @madit:

For online publications there is not only an URL, but also a DOI (See Wiki: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier , example: https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.19163540702 ) for a specific source, for example in journals (i.e. Nature, Science, ...) and also academic eBooks.

So it is often desired to cite with a DOI instead of an URL with a date of access.

So in the same folder as main.tex are the style file bibstyle.bst and the bibliography source file myRefs.bib .

In main.tex , the bibliography is created by:

In bibstyle.bst multiple adjustments need to be made:

  • At the beginning, new possible entries ( doi , url , urldate ) need to be created:
  • Then, a new function needs to be created, that formats the new entries into a part of the final citation. Here, I worked from the code of @madit, but I included the preferred option for the DOI and I changed the return for no URL or DOI from { "" } to 'skip$ . Unless the last adjustment is made, it may throw an error along the lines of ---the literal stack isn't empty for entry MyCitation . The reason is basically because LaTeX may not handle an emtpy string well instead of no return, when building the citation text. Additionally for the DOI output, I linked it via the official doi website ( https://doi.org/ ) to guarantee that the link works and that it is displayed correctly via \detokenize even with characters like _ or \ in \texttt mode. So this results in:
  • The last step is to include

in all different source type functions, for example:

The advantage using this solution is: The bibliography handles URLs and DOIs automatically without using url = {\url{...}}, or url = {\href{...}{...}}, . I hope this helps.

Note: To adjust the link-colors, I used in main.tex :

fagr's user avatar

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bibtex research paper

BibTeX techreport template

The techreport entry type is intended to be used for a technical report, government report, or white paper.

Minimal template

Minimal template with required fields only for a BibTeX techreport entry.

Full template

Full template including required and optional fields for a BibTeX techreport entry.

COMMENTS

  1. Bibliography management with bibtex

    By default, this thebibliography environment is a numbered list with labels [1], [2] and so forth. If the document class used is article, \begin{thebibliography} automatically inserts a numberless section heading with \refname (default value: References).If the document class is book or report, then a numberless chapter heading with \bibname (default value: Bibliography) is inserted instead.

  2. BibTeX format explained [with examples]

    The reference entries are stored in BibTeX's own special format, which is usually denoted with the file extension *.bib. Managing your references with BibTeX comes in especially handy for large documents such as a PhD thesis or a research paper. For even greater ease in reference management consider using reference manager with BibTeX support.

  3. PDF BibTeX Templates

    BibTeX Templates RSI 2012 Sta 2012 Here are the templates you should use in your biblio.bib le. See below for what these will look like in your references section. In the main body of your paper, you should cite references by using ncitefkeyg where key is the name you gave the bibliography entry. Each entry must have a unique key. Article [1]

  4. BibTeX entry type: article [with examples]

    In BibTeX, the @article entry type is used to properly reference an article from a journal, magazine, newspaper, or periodical. Any self-contained regularly published work that contains segments uses the @article entry type. For instance, a paper within a journal, or other clearly defined section within a periodical is considered a segment.

  5. The 14 BibTeX entry types

    techreport. An institutionally published report such as a report from a school, a government organization, an organization, or a company. This entry type is also frequently used for white papers and working papers. @techreport {CitekeyTechreport, title = "{W}asatch {S}olar {P}roject Final Report",

  6. Citation Management and Writing Tools: LaTeX and BibTeX

    BibTeX is a bibliographic tool that is used with LaTeX to help organize the user's references and create a bibliography. A BibTeX user creates a bibliography file that is separate from the LaTeX source file, wth a file extension of .bib. Each reference in the bibliography file is formatted with a certain structure and is given a "key" by which ...

  7. Bibliography management in LaTeX

    Introduction. When it comes to bibliography-management packages, there are three main options in LaTeX: bibtex, natbib and biblatex. This article explains how to use the biblatex package, to manage and format the bibliography in a LaTeX document.biblatex is a modern option for processing bibliography information, provides an easier and more flexible interface and a better language localization ...

  8. Research Guides: BibTeX: How does BibTeX work?

    A BibTeX record comprises multiple pieces of metadata, separated by commas. Each field has a name and corresponds to a specific piece of information about the article. These fields need to be structured in specific formats. For example, names are formatted as {Last1, First1 and Last2, First2 and Last3, First3 and …}.

  9. Research Guides: Getting Started with LaTeX: BibTex

    Introduction. Since LaTeX is often used to create academic works that will cite many different sources it is important to know how to create a bibliography in LaTeX. With a little practice and the help of a citation management creating LaTeX bibliographies can be very easy. It is strongly recommend that you use a citation management tool, not ...

  10. Research Guides: BibTeX: BibTeX Tools & Resources

    BibTex is automatically implemented into the Overleaf interface, but you will need to make a new .bib file and reference it as you would in a standard LaTeX/BibTeX setup. Last Edited: Jun 8, 2023 3:28 PM. URL: https://guides.lib.purdue.edu/bibtex. Print Page.

  11. LaTeX Guide : Citing with BibTeX

    Mendeley. Mendeley is a free citation manager. Follow the directions below to create a BibTeX file containing the references from a Mendeley collection. Save all your references into a single folder. Navigate to that folder in Mendeley Reference Manager. Choose File > Export All from the main menu. Choose BibTeX (*.bib) and save your file.

  12. BibTeX Code

    Learn how to cite articles, books, reports, theses, government documents, etc. for NPS theses, papers, and publications BibTeX Code for Thesis Template v2.7

  13. Citing and Using References on Overleaf: A Guide for Researchers

    When writing a research paper, it's important to use references to support your claims. Citing your sources correctly is key to creating a solid argument and avoiding plagiarism. ... With natbib, BibTeX is provided with an extension that offers more design freedom for in-text citations, and biblatex is a complete revision of BibTeX that ...

  14. Bibtex entry for white papers and technical reports

    Basically a white paper is a technical report. At www.cse.msu.edu you will find this example: @TECHREPORT{MSU-CSE-06-2, AUTHOR = {R. Behrends and L. K. Dillon and S. D. Fleming and R. E. K. Stirewalt}, TITLE = {White paper: Programming according to the fences and gates model for developing assured, secure software systems}, NUMBER = {MSU-CSE-06-2}, INSTITUTION = {Department of Computer Science ...

  15. JabRef

    This is why we develop JabRef as free open-source software and save your data in a simple text-based file format with no vendor lock-in. Created by researchers, for researchers. of PhD students, postdocs, and researchers in industry who work on JabRef in their free time. Without the support of numerous volunteers, none of this would have been ...

  16. Using Google Scholar to download BibTeX citations

    To download BibTeX citation go to Google Scholar and search for a publication. Through the cite button below a search result Google provides formatted citations for MLA, APA, and Chicago styles. Now click the link "Import into BibTeX" at the bottom of the window to copy and paste the BibTeX citation. You will be presented with the BibTeX ...

  17. BibMe: Free BIBTEX Bibliography & Citation Maker

    All of our writing tools, none of the ads. No ads. MLA and APA citation styles + 7,000 more. Scan your paper for plagiarism mistakes. Check for 400+ advanced grammar errors. Create in-text citations and save them. Free 3-day trial. Cancel anytime.*. Try it for free.

  18. How can I get a BibTeX-formatted citation for a research paper or

    A better online service that allows retrieval of BibTeX-formatted citations with DOIs is doi2bib.org. Enter a valid DOI in the form and a BibTeX-formatted display returns. The DOI can be from any DOI registration agency, be it CrossRef (mostly articles and book chapters), DataCite (datasets), or another. This screenshot example shows the BibTeX ...

  19. BibTeX generic citation style Citation Generator

    Get accurate and reliable BibTeX generic citation stylereferences in a click! Papers. Search or ask a question ... Ease up your research workflow with SciSpace's cohort of exciting AI tools ... summaries, and answers on academic papers. Browse Papers. Paraphraser Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want. Open ...

  20. How can I use BibTeX to cite a web page?

    As an extra thing here - I just found that if you are want to attribute the site name as author (for example if I wanted to say that the author of this page was 'Stack Overflow' it's best to put 'Stack Overflow' as the `key' field, rather than the 'author' field.

  21. BibTeX template: techreport

    BibTeX techreport template. The techreport entry type is intended to be used for a technical report, government report, or white paper. Minimal template. Minimal template with required fields only for a BibTeX techreport entry. @techreport {citekey, author = "" ...