essay on education of pakistan

Essay on Education In Pakistan in 1000 Words

English Essay on Education in Pakistan with Outlines & Facts in Easy Language For Students of All Classes Hello readers! Welcome to an insightful journey through the realm of education in Pakistan. Education is a vital tool that has the super power to transform lives, communities & even nations. In this essay on education in Pakistan we shall explore the historical evolution of the education system in Pakistan, its current state, the key challenges it faces & the initiatives and recommended educational reforms that aim to improve education in our beloved country. So, let’s start reading the main part of Education in Pakistan essay!

Table of Contents

Historical Overview of Education in Pakistan:

If we want to understand the present situation of education in Pakistan then it is essential to take a glimpse into the past. The educational system in Pakistan has evolved over time. It has also shaped by the influence of various civilizations. The early education system was primarily focused on religious education. Madrasas were playing a vital role in imparting knowledge. However, the British colonial era introduced a modern education system. This new system was emphasizing on English as the medium of instruction.

During the post-independence period, Pakistan faced numerous challenges in establishing a robust education system. Despite these hurdles, the govt made significant efforts to expand access to education & improve literacy rates. Today, Pakistan boasts a diverse education landscape that includes public and private schools, colleges, universities, vocational institutes & religious seminaries.

Current State of Education in Pakistan:

Its an admitted fact that progress has been made in educational system of Pakistan  but the current state of education in Pakistan is still a cause for concern., According to UNESCO, Pakistan has 1 of the highest out-of-school children rates globally as approximately 22.8 million children are out of school . This alarming statistic highlights the pressing need for interventions to ensure all children have access to quality education atleast at school level

Gender disparity is another significant issue plaguing the education system in Pakistan. Girls face multiple barriers like cultural norms, poverty & security concerns. These barriers hinder their access to education. This gender gap not only deprives girls of their basic right to education but also hampers the nation’s development potential.

Challenges Faced by the Education System in Pakistan:

The education system in Pakistan faces various challenges both systemic and socio-cultural in nature. Inadequate infrastructure, lack of trained teachers & scarcity of resources are major hurdles to providing quality education in Pakistan. Many public sector schools lack basic facilities like proper classrooms, electricity, clean drinking water & sanitation facilities. All these issues make it challenging for students to learn in a conducive environment.

Moreover socio-cultural factors like child labour, early marriages & societal biases against girls’ education perpetuate the cycle of illiteracy. These challenges are further exacerbated by govt policies that often fail to prioritize education or allocate sufficient funds for its development.

Initiatives & Reforms for Improving Education in Pakistan:

Despite the challenges, numerous initiatives & reforms have been undertaken to improve education in Pakistan. The govt, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) & individuals have played significant roles in addressing educational challenges.

The federal govt has launched programs like the National Education Policy, which aims to enhance access, quality & equity in education. Additionally the establishment of the PM scholarships, free laptops and fee reimbursement schemes have provided financial assistance to deserving students for enabling them to pursue higher education.

NGOs like Zindagi trust, Alkhidmat Foundation Pakistan, The Citizens Foundation (TCF), Akhuwat, Fauji Foundation, Bunyad Foundation and Developments in Literacy (DIL) have also made commendable contributions by establishing schools in remote areas & offering scholarships to underprivileged students. Moreover individuals like Malala Yousafzai, a Nobel laureate and education activist have raised global awareness about the importance of education and advocating for girls’ right to education.

Impact of Education on Society and Economy:

Education plays a pivotal role in shaping society & driving economic growth. A well-educated population is more likely to participate actively in civic affairs, contribute to the workforce and make informed decisions . Education empowers individuals to break free from the cycle of poverty by fostering social progress & equality.

Moreover education equips individuals with the necessary job oriented skills & knowledge to thrive in a rapidly changing global economy. By investing in education, Pakistan can unlock its human capital potential, promoting innovation, entrepreneurship & sustainable economic development.

Future of Education in Pakistan

In my personal views the future of education in Pakistan is bright as government is spending more on primary and higher education. Girls are being encourged to join schools. Interest free student loans are being disbursed by many banks. Lot of NGOs are contributing too in this sector. Akhuwat has launched first free university in Pakistan. HEC is arranging foreign scholarships for local students. Lot of new universities have been given charter. Lot of educational websites have been launched in Pakistan to promote education and serve this noble cause like studysolutions.pk and arqumhouse.edu.pk etc. Digiskills is providing access to free IT courses in Pakistan. TEVTA is also there for technical education.

New Initiatives

Many universities have also launched their online and distance learning programs to facilitate the students from remote areas. Sindh government is giving scholarships to large number of school going girls. New Single National Curriculum (SNC) has been launched in the country. Modern education is being introduced in Madaris. 2 years BA/BSc and MA/MSc  programs have been replaced with the 4 years BS programs. Lot of new BS programs have been launched as per the needs of local and international job markets.

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Conclusion:

In short the education is a fundamental right & a powerful tool for social transformation and economic prosperity. However the education system in Pakistan still faces numerous challenges that hinder access, quality & equality. It is crucial for all stakeholders, including the government, NGOs and individuals to prioritize education and work collectively to address these challenges.

Let us join hands and support initiatives that aim to improve education in Pakistan. Every child of the world deserves the opportunity to learn, grow & realize their full potential. Together we can unlock the power of knowledge & pave the way for a brighter future for Pakistan. Hopefully you have enjoyed reading this essay on education In Pakistan .

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Education System in Pakistan Essay

This essay provides a simplified overview of Pakistan’s education system, highlighting its structure, literacy rates, and the challenges it faces. It emphasizes the need for significant improvements to ensure quality education for all children in the country.

The Federal Ministry of Education and the provincial governments in Pakistan manage the country’s education system. The federal government mainly helps with developing the curriculum, giving accreditation, and funding research and development. The education system has six levels: preschool (ages 3-5), primary (grades 1-5), middle (grades 6-8), secondary (grades 9-10, ending with the Secondary School Certificate or SSC), intermediate (grades 11-12, ending with a Higher Secondary School Certificate or HSSC), and university programs for undergraduate and graduate degrees.

As of 2022, 72% of people in Pakistan can read and write. The literacy rate is higher for men (81.22%) than for women (54.71%). However, these rates can vary. For example, in tribal areas, only 9.5% of women can read and write, while in Azad Kashmir, the literacy rate is 74%. Pakistan has the second-highest number of children not in school (22.8 million) in the world, after Nigeria.

Pakistan’s education system faces many challenges. These include a low literacy rate compared to other countries, high unemployment among educated young people (over 31% are jobless), and fewer job opportunities for women compared to men.

Pakistan’s education system is complex and has changed a lot over the years. The government has tried to improve it, but there is still much work to do to make sure every child in Pakistan can get a good education.

How to improve education system in pakistan essay

Making Pakistan’s education system better is a big job that needs to solve many important problems. Here are some ideas from different sources:

Same Curriculum for All : All schools should teach the same things, no matter how rich or poor they are. This will make the education system fairer and more united.

Training for Teachers : The government should hold seminars and set up institutes to train teachers to teach better. Also, programs that give money to train teachers can make education better.

More Education in Rural Areas : Extra efforts should be made to promote education in rural areas where fewer people can read and write.

More Money for Education : Every year, more money should be given to education to build more schools and make education better.

Practical and Performance-based Marking : Exams should not only be based on the syllabus; instead, there should be more practical and performance-based marking.

Use of Technology : Using digital systems to keep track of staff, students, and school buildings can help solve problems like teachers not coming to school and not having reliable information about the school.

Working with NGOs : The growing number of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) working in Pakistan to improve education can be used for better results.

Making Pakistan’s education system better needs a complete approach that solves its many challenges. It needs not only changes in policy and buildings but also a change in culture towards valuing education and recognizing its important role in the development of the country.

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Giving every child the right to education.

Pakistan is facing a serious challenge to ensure all children, particularly the most disadvantaged, attend, stay and learn in school. While enrollment and retention rates are improving, progress has been slow to improve education indicators in Pakistan. 

An estimated 22.8 million children aged 5-16 are out-of-school.

Currently, Pakistan has the world’s second-highest number of out-of-school children (OOSC) with an estimated 22.8 million children aged 5-16 not attending school, representing 44 per cent of the total population in this age group. In the 5-9 age group, 5 million children are not enrolled in schools and after primary-school age, the number of OOSC doubles, with 11.4 million adolescents between the ages of 10-14 not receiving formal education. Disparities based on gender, socio-economic status, and geography are significant; in Sindh, 52 percent of the poorest children (58 percent girls) are out of school, and in Balochistan, 78 percent of girls are out of school.

Nearly 10.7 million boys and 8.6 million girls are enrolled at the primary level and this drops to 3.6 million boys and 2.8 million girls at the lower secondary level.

Gender-wise, boys outnumber girls at every stage of education.

Gaps in service provision at all education levels is a major constraint to education access.  Socio-cultural demand-side barriers combined with economic factors and supply-related issues (such as availability of school facility), together hamper access and retention of certain marginalized groups, in particular adolescent girls. Putting in place a credible data system and monitoring measures to track retention and prevent drop-out of out-of-school children is still a challenge.

At systems level, inadequate financing, limited enforcement of policy commitments and challenges in equitable implementation impede reaching the most disadvantaged. An encouraging increase in education budgets has been observed though at 2.8 percent of the total GDP, it is still well short of the 4 percent target.

In order to accelerate progress and ensure the equitable expansion of quality education, UNICEF supports the Government of Pakistan’s efforts to significantly reduce the number of OOSC at pre-primary, primary and lower secondary levels. Our education programme is focusing on Early Childhood Education (ECE) to improve school readiness; expansion of equitable and quality alternative learning pathways (ALP) at basic education levels; and nurturing of school-community linkages to increase on-time enrolment, reduce drop-outs, and ensure completion and transition for all students. At systems levels, we are contributing to more equity-focused provincial sector planning and budgeting; strengthening data and assessment systems; and evidence-based policy advocacy.

Early Childhood Education (ECE)

Investment in quality early learning/pre-primary education so that young children are ‘ready for school’ has high positive impacts on primary school enrolment, survival and learning, and is cost-effective.

The benefits of ECE are highest for children from poor and vulnerable households.

Given the limited reach and inequities in the provision of pre-primary education, Pakistan is increasingly recognizing early learning as a policy priority, and several provinces have already developed ECCE policies, plans, and standards.

Alternative Learning Pathways (ALP)

While several models exist for ALPs, these are still scattered and limited in scale. UNICEF is addressing the issue of OOSC through studies, supporting provincial sector plan development, development or review of non-formal education policy and direct programme implementation. This wealth of experience now provides the evidence, know-how, and momentum for UNICEF to support federal and provincial governments in broadening ALPs within education systems to bring OOSC into primary education, with a specific focus on adolescent girls.

School-Community Linkages

Socio-cultural demand-side barriers combined with economic factors together drive education deprivation for certain groups of children in Pakistan, particularly girls. These barriers are further exacerbated by a lack of parental awareness of early learning, importance of on-time enrolment, and lack of social protection schemes. UNICEF is therefore focusing more closely on the obstacles to on-time enrolment, retention, completion and transition.

Equity in Education

Equity-based investments by government continue to be the key way to ensure education systems include the most disadvantaged girls and boys. Considering insufficient and ineffective allocation of budgets, UNICEF strategically engages in sector planning, to capitalise on opportunities to influence decision-making on equity issues.

UNICEF’s growing technical capacity and focus on assessment of learning, and international expertise also provides an opportunity to add value to Pakistan’s efforts to improve assessment systems. System reforms help in improving accountability and evidence-based decision making. UNICEF supports healthy dialogue on education budgeting and public financing, to highlight areas of improvement for better planning and improvement in the education sector.

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Reports and Data

Pakistan Education Statistics 2016-17

Out of School Children in Azad Jammu & Kashmir Report , UNICEF, December 2016

  Out of School Children in Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Fact Sheet , UNICEF, December 2016

Out of School Children in Gilgit-Baltistan Report , UNICEF, December 2016

Out of School Children in Gilgit-Baltistan, Fact Sheet , UNICEF, December 2016

Review of Alternative Learning Programmes in Pakistan 2014-15

Simulations for Equity in Education (SEE) Balochistan Model Factsheet , UNICEF, December 2016

Social Cohesion and Resilience booklet

Access to Education and Social Cohesion in Pakistan-Summary of findings from End line survey , UNICEF, December 2017

Pakistan OOSC Study. UNICEF, 2013

South Asia Regional Study on OOSC. UNICEF, 2014

The Investment Case for Education and Equity. UNICEF, 2015

Pak Student Portal

Challenges and Opportunities in Pakistan’s Education System: An In-Depth Analysis”

Table of Contents

Introduction:

The education system plays a key role in shaping the future of a nation. In the case of Pakistan, the education system is an important component that influences the country’s socio-economic development. education system in pakistan essay This article highlights the challenges and opportunities within Pakistan’s education system, examines the current situation, and suggests possible solutions.

Historical Context:

To understand the complexities of the Education system in Pakistan, it is important to consider its historical context. Various reforms have been implemented over the years to improve the quality of education. However, persistent challenges continue to hinder progress.

Challenges:

Access to education:.

One of the primary challenges facing the education system in Pakistan is limited access to quality education, especially in rural areas. Factors such as poverty, gender disparity, and inadequate infrastructure contribute to this problem.education system in pakistan essay

Quality of Education:

Despite efforts to improve access, the quality of education remains a concern. Outdated curriculum, lack of trained teachers, and inadequate resources hinder students’ development of critical thinking skills and practical knowledge.

Curriculum Challenges:

The curriculum in Pakistan is criticized for being rote and outdated. It needs to be reformed to align with contemporary requirements and global standards. education system in pakistan essay

Teacher Training:

Inadequate training for teachers and a lack of qualified teachers hinders the delivery of quality education.

Gender Differences:

Gender inequality is prevalent in the education system, with girls facing barriers to education, including cultural norms, early marriage, and limited facilities for female students. Bridging this gap is very important for the overall development of the nation.

Cultural and social norms:

Deep-rooted cultural norms often favour male education, leading to gender-based discrimination in access to schooling.

Early marriage:

Early marriage, especially in rural areas, increases the dropout rate among girls.

Infrastructure and Resources:

Inadequate infrastructure, funds, and lack of modern teaching resources hamper the education system’s effectiveness. Many schools need more basic facilities like electricity, clean water, and proper sanitation.

Opportunities:

Education Reforms:

Implementation of comprehensive education reforms is essential to address the current challenges. Revising curricula to global standards, improving teacher training programs, and updating education policies can pave the way for positive change.

Technology Integration:

Adopting technology in education can enhance learning experiences. Initiatives such as e-learning platforms, digital libraries, and online resources can help overcome geographic barriers and provide quality education to a wider audience.

Community involvement Education System in Pakistan Essay:

Involving communities in the educational process can lead to better outcomes. Encouraging parent involvement, establishing community schools, and fostering partnerships between schools and local organizations can create a supportive learning environment.

Focus on Vocational Education:

Promoting vocational Education can bridge the gap between education and employment. By equipping students with practical skills, the Education system can better prepare them for the demands of the job market.

Conclusion:

The education system in Pakistan faces multifaceted challenges, but it also has enormous potential for positive change. Addressing issues related to access, quality, gender disparity, and infrastructure requires a concerted effort involving government initiatives, community participation, and innovative educational practices. By taking advantage of the opportunities for reform and technology, Pakistan can build a strong education system that empowers its citizens and contributes to the country’s overall development.

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Essay on Education In Pakistan With Outline

Essay on Education In Pakistan With Outline . Essay on Education In Pakistan With Outline: Inside Pakistan, the system of educational sector is comprised of educational centers that are engaged in the services of offering formal education. The educational sector offers education in almost all public and private, for-profit and nonprofit, and onsite or virtual instruction. If we do define it in broader terms, then it would also be identified to be the system that is engaged in covering up the services of the financing along with the managing and operations too. They do have their own rules and regulations that is giving out guidance with respect to the individual and institutional interactions that are all known to be the main part of the education system. Scroll down and you will be able to learn about the statistics of Pakistan’s educational sector and about the issues rising in Pakistan’s educational system.

For the information of the readers, we would like to mention that the education system of Pakistan is basically comprised of 260,903 institutions. All the institutions are giving out the best educational services to almost 41,018,384 students all along with the helping hand services of 1,535,461 teachers. The system adds up with the coverage of 180,846 public institutions and almost 80,057 private institutions.

Main and Important Issues in Pakistan’s Educational System:

It is a common fact that Pakistan is a developing country before it is facing a huge sum of problems in almost all of its sectors and Pakistan’s Educational system is one of the main mentioned sectors. Some of the common issues that are taking place in Pakistan’s educational system:

• Lack of Proper Planning: Pakistan is facing the issue of not having many of the MDGs and EFA goals. This is the main reason that it is predicted that Pakistan would not be able to meet high standards of international education because of the lack of finances.
• Social Hurdles: Another one of the main issues that are so far coming across is about the social! Issues that are coming in the way of the social and cultural orientation of the people should be rendered so that much of the educational system of Pakistan can be improved.
• Gap of Gender: One of the major and most important reasons of them all is the gender gap in which girls are shown backward position. Sometimes poverty and cultural constraints can also be mentioned as one of the main reasons for not bringing any sort of improvement in the educational system of Pakistan.

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Pakistan is Using Innovative Approaches for Inclusive Education: GEM Report 2020

Idara-e-Taleem-o-Aagahi (ITA) organized and co-hosted the national virtual launch of the UNESCO’s 2020 GEM Report, calling all stakeholders to concentrate on those being left behind and move towards inclusion in education, particularly after COVID-19. GEM Report Senior Analyst Anna Cristina D'Addio gave a presentation on the 2020 GEM Report and shared the key findings from the report.

Federal Minister for Federal Education and Professional Training Shafqat Mahmood was the chief guest on the occasion. Launching the report, he said: "The online event featured an interactive high-level panel that discussed the key messages and recommendations in the report. “The GEM Report reminds us of the continued disparities in education, particularly in ensuring access of quality education to all, which is the foundation of inclusion,”

UNESCO Pakistan Country Representative Patricia McPhillips said:  “ The GEM Report emphasizes the global need for better data collection and subsequent use,” she said, adding that it is encouraging to note that Pakistan’s inclusion-oriented data collection initiative is highlighted in the report as a best practice. Recognizing the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act 2018 and introduction of admission quotas to Disability Act 2014, she said that these are important milestones for ensuring inclusive education.

Speaking at the event, Department for International Development (DFID) Pakistan Country Director Annabel Gerry said , “T his report comes at a critical moment, where the coronavirus pandemic has added to the hidden emergency of exclusion from education. Since 2011, over 10 million children in primary school have benefited from UK support to Government of Pakistan’s education reforms, of which 4.7 million are girls. But significant inequalities remain by region, socio-economic status, disability, religion and gender. I hope this report will catalyze the will and resources to realize inclusive and equitable quality education in Pakistan. No country can ever reach its full potential unless every one of its citizens can reach their full potential. This is why we put inclusion at the heart of everything we do,” she said .

Other panelists included Planning Commission of Pakistan’s Member Social Sector Dr. Shabnum Sarfraz, Institute of Development and Economic Alternatives (IDEAS) Director and LUMS School of Education Interim Dean Dr. Faisal Bari and Special Talent Exchange Program (STEP) Executive Director Muhammad Atif Sheikh.

ITA CEO Baela Raza Jamil said, "There is much to do to set the actions right for Inclusive Education in Pakistan."

The report provides an in-depth analysis of key factors for the exclusion of learners in education systems worldwide including background, identity and ability and urges the countries to focus on those left behind as schools reopen so as to foster more resilient and equal societies."

Persistence of exclusion: The 2020 GEM Report notes that 258 million children and youth were entirely excluded from education, with poverty as the main obstacle to access. In Pakistan, hardly any poor rural women in Pakistan complete secondary school despite a target for universal secondary completion by 2030. Moreover, the gap in the probability of boys receiving more household resources for education was 13 percentage points for 5-9-year-olds and 24 points for 10-14-year-olds. Parents can thus help or hinder inclusion.

Inequitable foundations: The Profiles Enhancing Education Reviews (PEER) introduced by GEM Report show that many countries still practice education segregation, which reinforces stereotyping, discrimination and alienation. Education Acts for all four provinces in Pakistan mention children with disabilities/special needs and lay down mechanism for educating CWDs in separate schooling system based on the National Policy for Persons with Disabilities 2002. But education policies vary in emphasis on inclusion. In Punjab, under the 2012 inclusive education policy framework, students with mild and moderate disabilities are admitted to mainstream primary and lower secondary schools whose teachers are trained by master trainers of the Department of Special Education.

Blatant exclusion: The report states that fewer than 10% of countries have laws that help ensure full inclusion in education while exclusion can be very blatant in some laws. Although Article 16 of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women prohibits forced and child marriage but girls can get married at age 16 in most provinces in Pakistan.

Alienating learners: The report further states that reflecting learners’ diverse needs require textbooks and curricula to be inclusive, yet many still alienate by omission or false representation – Girls and women only made up 24% of references in secondary school English-language textbooks in Punjab while women were represented in less prestigious occupations and as introverted and passive .

Chronic lack of quality data on those left behind: Pakistan is among the countries that do not collect data on disabilities in their Education Management Information System (EMIS). Household surveys are, however, the key to breaking education data down by individual characteristics.  The Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) Pakistan survey, led by ITA, has included Washington Group’s Child Functioning Module to estimate the disability prevalence and educational status of children with disabilities in some regions of the country.

Signs of progress towards inclusion: The 2020 GEM Report notes that Pakistan is using positive, innovative approaches to transition to inclusion. The country is testing a ‘third gender’ option in data collection tools while Pakistan’s Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act 2018 prohibits discrimination in education and establishes their right to education and a 3% quota for transgender children in mainstream public and private education institutions. Moreover, in 2019, Pakistan’s Government Rules and Disability Act 2014 introduced admission quotas for students with disabilities at all education levels. Tertiary education institutions were asked to exempt candidates with disabilities from admission tests, relax age limits, provide fee concessions, and offer appropriate examination modalities.

Media Coverage:

English Coverage:

https://www.dawn.com/news/1571663/conscious-effort-being-made-to-promote-inclusive-education-using-technology-minister

https://tribune.com.pk/epaper/news/Islamabad/2020-07-29/NmJjYmI4MjI5YWM3NWU0NzNiYmRmMzQ3OTkyMWJmYjQuanBlZw%3D%3D

https://www.brecorder.com/news/40008334

Photo Release:

https://www.app.com.pk/photos-section/photos-section/islamabad-july-28-%C2%96-federal-minister-for-education-and-professional-training-shafqat-mahmood-addressing-during-the-virtual-launch-of-global-education-monitoring-report-2020-by-idara-e-taleem-o/

Urdu Coverage:

https://www.express.pk/story/2063319/1/

https://twnews.co.uk/pk-news/nzm-t-lym-myn-ttykhnlwjy-khy-st-ml-khw-frwg-dy-rhy-hyn-wfqy-wzyr-t-lym

Related items

• Country page: Pakistan
• UNESCO Office in Islamabad
• SDG: SDG 4 - Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all

This article is related to the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals .

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Essay on Our Education System in Pakistan with Quotation

• January 15, 2024

Kainat Shakeel

Our education system in Pakistan stands at the crossroads of tradition and fustiness, reflecting a historical journey that has shaped the nation’s intellectual geography. Education holds a vital part in societal progress, catalyzing positive change and development. 

Historical Perspective

The roots of Pakistan’s education system are traced back to ancient societies that formerly thrived on its soil. Over the centuries, raiders and autocrats left imprints on the educational geography, impacting its elaboration. From the Madrasahs of the medieval period to British social influences, the system has experienced different phases. 

” In Pakistan, the journey of education is marred by challenges, but with every chain comes the occasion to reshape the future through knowledge.”

Current structure.

In its current state, the education system is distributed into primary, secondary, and tertiary situations. still, despite advancements, challenges persist, impeding the holistic development of the system. The need for accessible and quality education is more pressing than ever.

Challenges Faced

A critical analysis reveals a range of challenges defying the education system. Inadequate resources, dilapidated infrastructure, and socio-profitable factors contribute to a significant difference in educational openings. Addressing these challenges is pivotal for fostering an environment where learning is truly inclusive. 

” Education is the key to unleashing the golden door of freedom and substance, but the cinch in Pakistan frequently requires a more thoughtful approach.”

Government enterprise.

To combat these challenges, the government has introduced colorful programs and reforms. enterprise aimed at enhancing class norms, schoolteacher training programs, and structure development are underway. still, the effectiveness of these measures remains a subject of scrutiny. 

Role of Teachers

Teachers play a vital part in shaping the education system. Despite their significant influence, teachers in Pakistan face challenges similar to shy training, low hires, and a demanding workload. Feting and addressing these issues is imperative for ensuring a motivated and competent tutoring pool. 

“Education is the most important armament which you can use to change the world.”- Nelson Mandela. 

his important quotation encapsulates the transformative eventuality of education. Integrating similar wisdom into the converse adds depth and resonance to the narrative. 

Cultural Influences

Cultural morals and values significantly impact the education system. Balancing traditional values with ultramodern educational requirements is a delicate task. Admitting the artistic environment is vital for designing an education system that’s both applicable and regardful of societal values. 

Technological Integration

In the age of technology, integrating digital tools into education is imperative. While technology offers multitudinous advantages, challenges similar to access to bias and internet connectivity need to be addressed. Striking a balance between tradition and technology is crucial.

Student Perspectives

Perceptivity from students gives precious perspectives on the strengths and sins of the education system. Addressing their enterprises and aspirations is pivotal for casting an inclusive and effective educational frame. 

Recommendations for enhancement

To enhance the education system, community involvement is consummated. cooperative efforts between government bodies, teachers, parents, and original communities can lead to sustainable advancements. championing for increased popular allocations and mindfulness is essential. 

“Pakistan’s education system is a mosaic of implicit, staying to be shaped into a masterpiece      that empowers generations and energies progress.”

Future prospects.

The future of Pakistan’s education system holds pledges and challenges. Ongoing reforms, if enforced effectively, can reshape the educational geography. A focus on skill development and rigidity is essential for preparing students for a fleetly changing world.  In conclusion, the education system in Pakistan is at a pivotal juncture. Feting the challenges, celebrating successes, and laboriously sharing in the ongoing converse are essential for fostering positive change. Education remains the foundation of progress, and collaborative efforts can pave the way for a brighter future.

Kainat Shakeel is a versatile Content Writer Head and Digital Marketer with a keen understanding of tech news, digital market trends, fashion, technology, laws, and regulations. As a storyteller in the digital realm, she weaves narratives that bridge the gap between technology and human experiences. With a passion for staying at the forefront of industry trends, her blog is a curated space where the worlds of fashion, tech, and legal landscapes converge.

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Education in Pakistan: problems, challenges and perspectives

Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah said and I quote:

“Education is a matter of life and death for Pakistan. The world is progressing so rapidly that without requisite advance in education, not only shall we lag behind others but maybe wiped out altogether.”

The education section of the executive summary of the Economic Survey of Pakistan 2021-22 notes: “Pakistan is committed to transform its education system into a high-quality global-market demand-driven system in accordance with Goal 4 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) .” However, the reality is vastly different.

The literacy rate in Pakistan in 2021 was only 62.8%. Any gains in literacy rates over the last many years have been small, slow and marginal.

In 2021-22, we spent only 1.77% of GDP on education-related expenditure at both the federal and provincial levels. Most UN agencies recommend that the minimum expenditure on education should be 4% of GDP. In recent years, the highest percentage of GDP we have spent on education was in 2017-18, when education expenditures were raised to 2.12%. The usual argument given for lack of spending on education has always been and still is that we do not have the resources.

In Pakistan, the current literacy rate is 62.3%. In Budget 1.7% of GDP has been allocated as Education Budget which is lowest in the region. The expenditure of Rs 74,609 billion has been allocated for Tertiary Education Affairs & Services in budget 2022-23; Rs 3,786 billion for pre-primary & primary education; Rs 8,863 billion for Secondary Education Affairs and Rs 2 billion for administration. Rs 44,174 billion has been earmarked for Higher Education Commission ( HEC ) under the Public Sector Development Program (PSDP) for the year 2022-23. (Business Recorder June 11, 2022).

According to data from the World Economic Forum’s Global Competitiveness Report 2017-18, the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) shows Pakistan’s slow performance being ranked 129th of the 137 countries, on the Health and Primary Education related elements of competitiveness, when compared with other countries in the region like India, China, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Malaysia. The structure of school education system in the public sector is depicted in Fig. below.

Figure Above: The structure of school education system in Pakistan (Pre-Primary to Higher Secondary)

Education system creates sense of responsibility among people and they come to know the methods to achieve their national, societal and personal rights and it also enhances their general consciousness needed to deliver their duties as citizens towards their Nation. Once the realization originates, people start working for the development and prosperity of their motherland in the atmosphere of trust and co-operation.

The polarization and non – unified education system has resulted into outraged political turmoil, deadly terrorism, incessant sectorial violence, social disruption, economic instability and degeneration of government system. Whether it is poverty, non-availability of jobs, security uncertainty, sectarianism or terrorism, lack of tolerance, lack of general awareness, illiteracy, all are off shoots of the poor, inefficient and ineffective education system. The lowest budget allocation, a realm of large number of ineffective education policies has badly failed to take country out of economic, social, political and development quagmire.

Education has fundamental role in the economic, social, political and structural development of any nation. Many of the economic issues like poverty , overpopulation, unemployment , resource mobilization, inflation, exchange rate drastic fluctuation, housing, infrastructure, and health can be reduced and handled by improving education system in Pakistan. Education can also solve social issues like Baradari system, Wadera Culture, Chaudary regime and slave mentality. The political issues like battle for power by different politicians, lawlessness, fraud, corruption, religious riots, extremism, processions to gain popularity, use of indecent remarks, no public service, no human investment to save the lives of ignorant and deprived humans. Structural Development like transition from primitive methodologies to modern strategies; Shifts from Agriculture to Industry, hand made tools to mechanization, from physical conventional education system to Online Education and adoption of highly sophisticated and up to the mark technology can only happen with the strong Education Policy and implementation of country’s education system.

Pakistan, since its inception has failed to establish an education system which can fulfill the aspirations of the general public. Being a developing country, Pakistan is facing multifaceted problems and issues in the education sector. There are many issues prevalent and practiced in Pakistan’s Education System at all levels of Education – primary, secondary – colleges or universities.

The educational institutions within the country are divided into following categories: (1) Pre-primary School (2) Primary School (3) Middle School (4) High School (5) Higher Secondary (6) Inter-colleges (7) Degree Colleges (8) Universities (9) Non-formal Basic Education (10) Education foundations (11) Technical & Vocational Institutions (12) Teacher Training Institutions (13) Deeni Madaris

Pakistan’s schooling system consists of three main school types namely public sector schools, private sector schools and Deeni Madaris. These are further divided as public and private mainly due to curriculum and examination systems used in the schools and the language of instructions used by teachers.

The Broad Categories on education level are:

School Education (Pre-primary – Class 12) College Education (Degree Colleges Class 13-14) University Education

The education system of Pakistan is comprised of 305,763 institutions accommodating 51,186,560 9 students and 2,073,433 teachers. The system is composed of 189,748 (62%) public institutions and 116,015 (38%) private institutions, which also include 31,115 Deeni Madaris. The public sector is serving 28.49 million (56%) students to complete their education while the remaining 22.70 million (44%) are enrolled in the private sector of education. About 38 percent private educational institutions are facilitating 44 percent of students showing a slightly higher per-institution enrolment ratio in the private sector compared to the public sector.

There are a total of 186 universities & degree awarding institutions catering to the needs of higher degree students in both public and private sectors of education. Out of these universities, 111 (60%) are working under umbrella of public sector, whereas 75 (40%) are working in the private sector.

The total enrolment in the universities and degree awarding institutions is 1.576 million. Out of these 1.266 million (80%) students are enrolled in public sector whereas, 0.309 million (20%) students are studying in private universities and degree awarding institutions. In the overall national scenario only four percent students have access to university education. The total male enrolment in the universities is 0.881 million (56%), whereas, the female enrolment is 0.695 million (44%) . There are 56,885 teachers imparting higher education to the students in these universities. Universities in the public sector employ 38,011 (67%) teachers while those in the private sector have 18,874 (33%) teachers.

The significant issues of Education system are lack of Budget Allocation, lack of Policy Implementation, Faulty examination System, Poor Infra Structure of Educational Institutions, Lack of Teacher’s quality, low enrolment, Wayward and Directionless Education system, High scale drop outs, Increasing Political Interference, Out dated curriculum, corruption, Poor Management and Supervision, lack of Uniformity, lack of research, lack of faculty training and Development, Cost of Education, Terrorist Attacks, Cultural Constraints, lack of Parent input, Widening gap between Educational Institutions and Community, lack of Academia Industry Linkage program and Learning Crisis etc.

Education is the nurturing and nourishing force for the construction of strong and impressive societal set up, prominent development and significant growth of the country. Education explores new dimensions and polishes the hidden talent, potential, capabilities and strengths of individuals and redirect these forces towards the rise of Pakistan as a powerful nation on the global horizon.

Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah envisioned Education System of Pakistan as the driving force behind all the national goals. In the first National Education Conference held at Karachi. It was decided that Education System will work according to the National aspirations of Pakistan and it will be truly related to the needs of the people of Pakistan. The father of Nation said, “The magnificent goal of Education sector will be to develop character of Pakistan, high sense of responsibility, social integrity, selfless service to the Nation and morality on the part of the people of Pakistan.

Critical analysis of the problems and issues of education system in Pakistan.

These are the most dominant issues and problems of our Education System which needs to be addressed and to find remedial solutions for these issues and put forward recommendations for the positive change in our prevalent Education System.

1- Lack of uniformity

The Education System is not Uniform and is based on differentiated Education System like Public Institutions, Private Institutions and Deeni Madaris. There has been accelerated polarization in the Education System due to divisive Pakistani Education System. This has penetrated into cultural veins of the Nation. The recent waves of Sectarianism and Terrorism are the consequences of this divisible system. Polarized Education System has further divided society on political, economic and social grounds instead of uniting people. This division is leading towards further segregation on linguistic and religious levels and cutting knee deep the ideological foundation of the Nation.

2- Education without direction

A sound Education System is essential for every nation of the world. All nations develop their people or human resources on the basis of rigorous focus on Education and Training . We have poor and direction less education system with lack of cohesion and more prone towards general education without creation of Skillful man power resulting into massive unemployment. It also results into massive political, social, economic and cultural distress among people. There is no use of science and technology in the education system. Students are unable to develop critical thinking, creativity, imagination, reasoning, experimentation, innovation and invention

3- Outdated curriculum

We are still following the old fashioned and outdated Education System of rote memorization, cramming the facts and figures without realizing the holistic development of individuals. The objective of Education should be development of psychological, philosophical and sociological foundations of Education. The present curriculum is not motivating learners for practical research and development, scientific knowledge and reflective observation.

4- Lack of professional development of teachers

There are few training institutes but have lack of funds, lack of resourceful and trained trainers and administers. There are no defined standards of training and development. The courses and trainings are outdated, traditional without exposure to modern technology, motivation, quality of teachers and enhancement of skills .

5- Lack of quality teacher

According to UNESCO report, the quality of educational institutions and teacher is low. The situation is grimmer in remote parts of Punjab, Sindh, Balochistan where there is non availability of teachers. Teachers are not using new methods of teaching and learning, no lesson planning, old method of cramming, no research, no use of libraries or internet, no book reading. Students are promoted to next class on the basis of cramming and memorization of facts and figures without knowledge in depth, no conceptualization, no understanding of topics in the books without relevance in schools.

6- Alarming dropouts

Lack of management and discipline in schools leads many students to drop out from school. This trend is due to punishment in schools, poor parenting, lack of motivation, unattractive school environment, child labor & poverty are also very significant reasons of huge drop out from schools, colleges and universities. It shows that almost 30% of children enrolled in primary education. This trend has added to low literacy rate in Pakistan.

7- Examination system

Students are evaluated on the basis of annual exams, semester wise assessments. Both quantitative and qualitative exams should be introduced to judge the performance of students on comprehensive level and exams should evaluate the student’s ability through various types of reliable assessments like case studies, research papers, MCQs, Comprehensive subjective questions, Analytical questions to check the conceptual understanding of students especially in higher classes (Rehman, 2011).

In Pakistan examination system is faulty and it tests only the memory of students, there is use of unfair means, bribery, cheating, issuance of duplicate marks sheets, changes of marks, change of answer sheets, impersonation. This present examination system has promoted rote memorization and cramming. It has badly failed in producing critical thinking, analytical skills, learning, intellectual power and visionary reflection in the students at all levels of education. It does not measure the strength, achievements and performance of students (Quereshi, 1975).

Modular system of examination in Medical Universities is producing incompetent students with insufficient knowledge of Anatomy which is the backbone of medicine studies. In modular system a single paper for three subjects is given to students. Students prepare easy subjects to pass the exam and leave the difficult and important subject of Anatomy for choice. Therefore, this method has tarnished the strong foundations of learning and performing badly. Doctors produced with such type of examination with lack of proper understanding of subject will not be able to serve the humanity honestly and do the justice with their profession.

In our education system educational institutions are used as breeding grounds for political parties and in colleges and universities these groups nurture. Students get benefits by being part of any political party during exams. A list of students is provided to the teacher by the student leader to pass them in the exam, admissions are given on the party basis, exams are marked and checked on party basis because mostly teachers are also working for parties while sitting in educational institutions. During Board or University exam by giving money to the invigilator, students are allowed to cheat in the exam, Students throw question paper outside the window and one of the party rep climbs up the tree near the window with Megaphone and starts dictating answers by calling up question numbers. Honest Teachers are threatened and sometimes gunned and killed in case they are not willing to listen to the unfair demands of the students of different parties.

Some of the teachers are also involved in malpractices. They leak the paper by charging handsome amounts or solve the papers for students or allow students to solve the papers by cheating from books, material or from some good student. In board exams, before submission of sheets to the board office representative student is asked to write down correct answers. Teachers are themselves involved in such political activities and award “F” grade to students who are not in their party.

In Russia there is no exam system like ours. Students study through out the year and at the end of year teacher can ask any question from the book to pass the candidate and check his understanding & knowledge of the subject.

8- Poor supervision standards

To monitor teaching and learning, poor and harsh standards of evaluation and punishment are used which in some case leads to termination of jobs . At primary school level teacher’s evaluation is not possible. Secondary Schools/Cambridge Schools are evaluated through Board exam results/CAIE results. In college, again Board or University exam results are the criteria to judge the academic performance of Student and Teacher’s teaching. Whereas, actually there is an increase in tuitions instead of relying on School or College teaching. Students and their parents are compelled to go for tuitions due pressure of good grades and admissions in good educational institutions. There are many tuition centres, coaching centres, academies where the same teachers who were unable to impart quality education give quality tuitions by charging heavy amounts and prepare students well to score good grades. The low salaries demotivate them in their institutions to impart good education. In Universities students are given power to evaluate teaching and their grading becomes part of an Annual Evaluation Report which is essential for promotion or benefit of the faculty. This system is again polluted by involvement of computer department staff, Student coordinators and by bribing students to give bad remarks about any teacher. Some insincere and corrupt teachers mark students’ attendance and give them good marks, tell them questions of exams and do immoral activities to get good evaluation from students. Teachers who are honest and hard working are ranked low by students. Even at higher education institutions there is lobbying and politics through which false evaluation against any faculty can be prepared to get rid of the unwanted faculty by the management. So, in short, supervision system is more prone to harassment and control over the teaching staff rather than providing proper guideline and training for the improvement of teaching methodologies & strategies. (Rehman, 2011).

9- Internal and external influence

In Education sector external factors are coming outside the system through politicians and they bring changes in the system to give favor to their families, relatives, friends etc. Internal factors are bureaucratic manipulations (Mazhar, 2011).

There is great favoritism and Nepotism in cases of transfers, Appointments, Promotions, Salaries, Grades & Work Stations. Due to this the basic Infrastructure of the Education System in Pakistan has been badly affected (LOUIS, 1987).

10- Lack of resources

There are not proper Libraries with physical space for Students to Study. Books are not available, No digital libraries, no computer Facility in the library especially in public sector colleges & universities. No proper lighting, no AC, no Generators in case of power break down are available to make studies more comfortable for the desirous and ambitious students. Class rooms are over-crowded, corridors are flooded with students, Inadequate and Inefficient teachers, Laboratories without required apparatus & equipment of practical learning have resulted into a situation of despair and low standard of Education (Louis, 1987).

11- Lack of policy implementation

Frequent political turmoil and change of governments have made policy implementation in its true letter and spirit impossible. Corruption, Lack of Resources, Lack of teacher’s involvement in policies and inconsistency in successive planning on the part of various political regimes in Pakistan. Teachers are ignored while designing Education policies which has led to alienation between teachers and the system of Education (Zaki, 1989).

12- Low budgetary allocation for education

Education system in Pakistan has been crippled mainly due allocation of scarce financial resources in budget. The Education Budget which is definitely not sufficient to fulfill the growing needs of population and involvement of modern technology in the education system, low salaries, high taxation are also hindering the growth of this sector. Taxes are even imposed on the hourly payment of visiting faculty at the rate of ten percent from filers and twenty percent from non-filers which is really unjustified and reduces the meagre earning.

In many countries like Bangladesh & Sri Lanka the Education share in total budget of the country is increasing but in Pakistan it is continuously declining (Sayan, 2012).

13- Corruption

Corruption is another factor responsible for deterioration of the Education System, use of unfair means, nepotism, favors in transfer, promotion and appointments and decision making, misuse of funds, use of illegal authority by the school management, Gender based exploitation and harassment are the subsidiaries of corruption .

14- Lack of faculty training and development

Educational institutions do not spend available funds on the training and development of teachers. They are neither sent to attend the workshops, courses, seminars or conferences to groom themselves and learn the modern techniques and methodologies of teaching. Here again only few favorite teachers are selected for these trainings and most of the teachers remain deprived of any opportunity to groom their teaching skills.

15- Non- availability of public transport/ parking/traffic congestion

Most of the private schools are located in residential areas usually in bungalows to avoid taxes. Here the big issue is non-availability of public transport, parking and traffic congestion on daily basis. This makes both students and teachers tired and stressed because of wastage of lots of time of travelling to and from school to home. This unnecessary delay in timings also affects the quality of education. Mostly schools do not provide their conveyance to students, teachers and staff but ask them to avail transport of the companies with which the senior management set commission.

16- Opening up of large nuber of private schools

There is opening up of various private schools with a shift from Matric system to O & A level with Up-to-date modern technologies. They have comparatively better infrastructure, spacious class rooms, low strengths of class, more trained teachers, with proper sanitary conditions, counselors, doctors, psychologist, its teachers, sports teacher, swimming pools, etc. Creativity of students is enhanced through various activities. These facilities are missing in public schools so parents prefer to send their children to nearby private schools.

17- Politics in education

Different political parties prepare their representatives amongst students. Different teachers also involve them in this exercise as party members. These teacher in exchange of this get favors and benefits from parties by helping their students in getting admissions, provision of question papers, awarding of good grades as per list provided by the party.

18- Compulsion to purchase stationery, syllabus, uniforms and other items from school shop

School management compels parents to purchase the required stationery, syllabus, uniforms and all other required study material from their own school’s shop where the rates are too high as compared to the open market. This puts burden on the finances of the family and parents have to change the school or leave the school. The school charge fess for 3 moths and invest this amount in different profit schemes to earn interest on it.

During COVID-19 pandemic when due lock down schools were closed and even online classes were not in practice, school charged full fee from the students and parents had no option except listening to the management and doing as they demand to keep admission of their child locked and secured.

19- Entry tests, coaching and paper out

All the admissions have been linked with admission test in more or less all institutions making the credibility of different schools, boards, colleges and universities doubtful just to give benefits to the students who are non-deserving and not coming on merit with their results. Every year we hear about MCAT test, usually tests are postponed or test paper is out and re-exam is arranged and many of the students with good grades are pushed out of the admission list. The private colleges have their own test criteria and select students as per their own policies and even charge fees as per their own policies. Most of the deserving, hard working students due to the demand of heavy fees are forced to move towards some other institution. Every year PMDC is dissolved. For these entry tests students join academies, tuition centres and coaching centre and pay high charges to prepare for admission in all these high ranked Engineering and Medical institutes.

These admission tests are introduced to favor their own families, relatives, friends or workers of the political parties to strengthen their vote bank in their constituency.

These tests are fake, their results are fake, the merit lists displayed are fake. In this way many deserving students do not get chance to pursue education of their own choice.

20- Theoretical knowledge inplace of practical learning

Students are given only bookish theoretical knowledge instead of practical knowledge. Most of the students even after getting degrees do not meet the requirement of jobs and are unable to be absorbed in the working population. Students should be sent at least for one semester in organizations before their graduation so that they may become acquainted with the office environment and familiar with the working of different reputable organizations. Activities, Role plays, Case Studies, Worksheets, Research Projects, Seminars, Symposiums, Lecture Series, Events should be organized for the students with their hundred percent involvement so the students not only own the activity but get an opportunity to meet influential people from big companies of reputable brands.

21- Lack of liaison between industry and educational institutions

Mostly universities have no liaison with industries and therefore their students face problems at the time of induction. Universities should invite industrialists to teach courses especially in the last two semester of their studies so that students can learn about the ins and outs of the industrial workings and may get a chance of absorption in the industry as employees.

22- Non-participatory in nation building

Education Sector is not playing any role in Nation Building. Our Education System is producing students with mindset that only foreign countries are providing good education and to get good job it is necessary to become foreign graduates. Mostly Students lack patriotism, civic sense, loyalty and love for their homeland and people living here and treat them as inferior to the foreign world. So being Status conscious and due ostentatious effect our crème has moved abroad for higher education. On the other hand, students who get them enrolled here in Pakistan after getting degrees and job search find it best to move abroad for higher studies, job and career growth. Once they get job, they prefer to stay there on permanent basis and become citizens of that country with dual nationality status. Our best youth has settled in European Countries, USA, UK, Canada, Germany, Spain, Italy, Australia, Malaysia, South Africa and Gulf Region and rendering their best services and earning handsome salaries and maintaining luxury life styles in those countries without any fear of security, terrorist attacks, bomb blasts, sectarian riots, traffic congestions, pollution, Smog, energy Shortage etc. By being there they feel satisfied and happy. They do not send any remittances here instead they are calling up their families, relatives and friends to come and transfer their assets to those countries making Pakistan’s economy weaker with this outflow of resources. Our Doctors, Engineers, Architects, Retired Army Officers, Bankers, health workers paramedical staff, skilled labor, business graduates, pilots, Air men, Air Technicians, Aircraft Engineers, Educationists, Insurance Agents, Scientists and Researcher have moved to Western countries and are not willing to come back or serve the Nation.

23- Pupil teacher, pupil school and teacher school ratio

These ratios are very important. If there are more peoples in one class then teacher cannot give individual attention to students. Weak students are neglected and gap between strong and weak students widens. If pupil school ratio increases then infrastructure does not accommodate the increased number of students and in place of two students, three or four students are asked to sit. Other facilities like availability of labs, computers, access to canteens, sports items, playgrounds, washrooms etc. become less for the large number of people. If schools have low number of teachers hirings then work load for one teacher is overburdened and individual attention, mood, behavior, marking of copies/assignments or imparting of quality education is disturbed. The ideal class size is 30 students at most for one teacher but in our universities sometimes more than 100 students are accommodated in one class.

24- Non-availability of electricity

Load shedding and energy crisis in the country has devastatingly ruined the quality of education. In summer when the weather is hot and humid, then in the class of 68-70 students when teacher has very limited space to move, then there is suffocation, lack of oxygen, smell of sweat and loss of student’s attention in studies. This is a source of big demotivation for students and teachers and they want to leave.

25- Non-availability of drinking and washing water in toilets

In most of the schools clean drinking water is not available. Mostly the washrooms are not cleaned on regular basis so health hazards are faced by the students and teachers especially female students suffer a lot because of this. Mostly, schools’ students suffer from cholera, diarrhea, typhoid etc.

26- Non-availability of boundary wall

There are many schools in villages, towns and even cities where schools are working without boundary walls, which has become a security hazard.

27- Terrorist attacks and child killing

Terrorist attacks in schools like APS, Peshawar where a large number of students were killed. Schools are force to provide security to students. Attacks on students, teachers, on school buses, entrance of school buildings have decreased enrollment in schools.

28- Female students and female teachers’ harassment

Female students and female teachers are sexually harassed by male teachers. Many students are threatened not to speak against the culprit. In universities many male teachers award good grades to female students after their sexual assault. In jobs, females involved in such type of illicit activities and involved with the management get all kind of benefits of increments; increase in salaries, courses abroad, promotions and in some cases female faculty was awarded PhD degrees even when their research work was not up to the mark and rejected by external supervisors.

29- Parent’s input for improvement of education system at all levels

Parents should be involved at all education levels to maintain the high standards of education and learning.

30- Cost of education

The economic cost is higher in private schools and they are located in rich localities only though they provide better quality of education. Public schools ensure equitable access but low-quality education.

31- Cultural constraints and traditional taboos

Due to cultural constraints and traditional taboos parents prefer early marriages of their girls instead of sending them to schools. Similarly, mothers feel comfortable when girls stay home and help mothers in baby sitting and finishing household chores. In some of the areas only boys are sent to schools considering them as head of the future families and girls are asked to learn some family skills like embroidery, weaving, pottery or for cattle care.

32- Illiteracy of parents and parental concerns

Due to non – availability of Education and lack of awareness poor parents have number of children in the hope that they will become their earning hands and instead of sending them to school their mothers working in different houses as domestic help take them along for the baby sitting of the children of theses houses and demand money for that. They think that investing girls will be of benefit to the in laws or her husband since they will not get any return from it so its better as long as girls are staying in their homes they should earn and bring money for the family.

33- Learning crisis:

The education system is not producing students who are learning from education as per the requirement of the standard in which they are studying. Maybe a student studying in class five does have the knowledge of class two or three only. This Learning Crisis has become the biggest issue of our current education system. It means there is wide gap between school input and school output.

34- Distance:

There are many schools which are far from some of villages and there are no means of transportation and children have to walk on foot to reach schools miles away from their homes which is not possible for girl students to do as parents do not want to send their girls unattended and do not accompany them since they have to work to meet both ends.

Recommendations:

• Budget allocation should be increased as per international standards of education.
• Schools should be shifted on solar system to handle the issue of load shedding.
• Pupil teacher, pupil school and teacher school ratios should be balanced and class strength, teacher’s number and number of classrooms should be in accordance to the international education standards.
• Boundary walls should be made. Security staff should be hired, CCTV cameras should be installed, student teacher and staff should be issued identity cards.
• For teacher training and development quality professional institutes with sufficient funds should be set up.
• Political and bureaucratic influence should be minimized at all educational levels.
• The system of accountability should be strengthened and all associated in education system are trained to own responsibilities both at individual and collective basis.
• Curriculum should be revised on annual basis and new strategies and methods should be incorporated to align our education system with other countries.
• Examination system should be made free of unfair means, Mafia culture and illegal gratification. Supervision and monitoring should be strong to subside this element.
• Policies should be implemented with delay and in continuity to get their outcomes.
• The culture of research should be promoted in the educational institutions.
• There should be Academia industrial linkage programs to make our education practical and our students capable of absorption in the job market.
• Introduction of technical and vocational trainings at secondary schools.
• Increasing public expenditure on education and skill generation from 2.7% of GDP to 5% of GDP and then to 7% of GDP.
• Reduce polarization and try to introduce uniform standards at all types of schools.
• Enhance the scale and quality of education in general and the scale and quality of scientific/technical education in Pakistan in particular.

Conclusion:

Sense education is developing not only mind but it also cleans and grooms our body and soul. We not only get education for economic reason but to handle social, political, psychological, ethical, legal and spiritual issues of our life. Education turns a raw human into a polished human being which becomes human capital of any nation and key to the development of that country. With education many countries are ruling the world and have become leaders in the comity of nations. The current system has made our younger generation direction directionless and uncertain about their future so they are leaving Pakistan and settling down in developed countries. The lawlessness, fear of loss of life, terrorist attacks, unemployment, inflation, exchange rate fluctuation, overpopulation, poverty, taxes and IMF loans are producing forces of degree holders without any vision, mission, critical thinking, reflection, analysis, research and creativity. Our outdated curriculum is pushing our youth towards stone age instead of directing them towards the fast-changing technology driven world. Traditional teaching is giving theoretical knowledge to students but practical learning is missing.

Finally, education reforms are the only solution to change the existing education system so following recommendations are suggested for the policy makers, thinkers, researchers, educationists and common people. Hope it will add value in the research and development of both student and teachers.

References:

• http://library.aepam.edu.pk/Books/Pakistan%20Education%20Statistics%202017-18.pdf
• https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED570671.pdf
• https://contentgenerate.com/problems-of-education-sector-solutions-pakistan-content-generate/
• https://www.finance.gov.pk/survey/chapter_22/PES10-EDUCATION.pdf
• https://ipripak.org/education-system-of-pakistan-issues-problems-and-solutions/
• https://www.morenews.pk/real-issues-education-system-pakistan/
• Zaki W. M., “Evaluation of Education Plans and Projects”, Islamabad, National Book Foundation, 1989.
• Save the Children & UNICEF “Disciplining The Child Practices and Impacts”, NWFP: School & Lietarcy Department, 2005.
• Rehman H. and Khan N., “The flaws in Pakistan’s Education System”, Abasyn Journal of Social Sciences, vol/issue: 4(1), 2011.
• Louis D. H., “The crises of Education in Pakistan”, Lahore, Vanguard Book Ltd., 1987.
• Iqbal M., “Education in Pakistan”, Lahore, Aziz publishers, 1981.
• Qurashi I. H., “Education in Pakistan”, Karachi, Ma,aref LTD, 1975.
• Sayan, Fida, and Hussain, “Pakistan existing education system”, 2008. Retrieved from Retrieved from www.eric.articles/pak/edu on dated 2012, July 18.
• Naseem J. Q., “Problem of Education in Pakistan”, Karachi, Royal Book Company, 1990.
• Government of Pakistan, Ministry of Education. “National Assessment Findings”, Islamabad, National Education System, 2006.
• Ahmed, Iqbal.,” Critical Analysis of the Problems of Education in Pakistan: Possible Solutions”, . International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) Vol.3, No.2, June 2014, pp. 79~84 ISSN: 2252-8822.

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Education system in Pakistan – Exploratory Essay

Introduction

In my essay, I intend to explore the education system in Pakistan. In Pakistan, education is overseen by the Ministry of Education, which works for the government and provincial governments. The federal government assists with accreditation, financing of development and research, and assists with the creation of nationwide curriculums. Here are the other things I discovered about the Pakistani education system.

Children between the ages of five to sixteen are obligated to have free education thanks to article 25-A of the Constitution of Pakistan. The manner to which they are entitled to free education is determined by the law.

Literacy rates vary wildly from area to area. In Islamabad, the literacy level of inhabitants is at its highest at 96%, and in the Kohlu District it is its lowest at 28%. The age range of people has a massive effect on their literacy rate. People between the ages of 55 to 64 have a literacy rate of 38%. People between the ages of 45 and 54 have a literacy rate of 46%. People between the ages of 25 and 34 have a literacy rate of 57%, and people between the ages of 15 and 24 have literacy rate of 72%. These are only averages based on age, but it is a clear indication that the education system in Pakistan has been slowly improving over the years, as the literacy rate seems to go up at ages go down.

Literacy rates are the lowest within female populations, with many women not being literate at all. There are tribal areas in Pakistan where the literacy rate for women is as low as 9.5%.

There are five levels within the Pakistani education system. This means that like the US education system it has grades, and in this case, the grades work in levels. Level one starts at primary and that is for grades one to five. The middle level goes through grades six to eight. The third level goes from grades nine to ten. At this point, the student may be able to achieve his or her Secondary School Certificate (SSC). The fourth level goes from grade eleven to twelve, through which a student may receive his or her HSC, which is the Higher Secondary Certificate. The fifth level includes attendance at a University, in which a student may earn an undergraduate and graduate degree.

The English language is the fastest spreading language in Pakistan, with over 11% of the population speaking it, which is 18 million Pakistani people. Though it is only 11% of the population, it does mean that Pakistan is the third largest nation of English speakers in the world, with it being the second largest nation of English speakers in Asia. Conclusion

The state of Pakistani education could still be a lot better, but they do produce around 10,000 computer science graduates and 445,000 university graduates per year. They also have a reasonably high literacy rate when compared with other countries, and is true even though their out-of-school population currently stands at 5.1 children, which is the second largest out-of-school population in the world–beaten only by Nigeria.

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Education System of Pakistan: Issues and Way Forwards

• Kalsoom Begum
• December 15, 2023
• CSS Essays , CSS Solved Essays

CSS and PMS Solved Essays | Education System of Pakistan: Issues and Way Forwards

Kalsoom Begum, a Sir Syed Kazim Ali student, has attempted the CSS essay “ Education System of Pakistan: Issues and Way Forwards ” on the given pattern, which Sir  Syed Kazim Ali  teaches his students. Sir Syed Kazim Ali has been Pakistan’s top English writing and CSS, PMS essay and precis coach with the highest success rate of his students. The essay is uploaded to help other competitive aspirants learn and practice essay writing techniques and patterns to qualify for the essay paper.

1-Introduction 

2-Debunking the term education 

3-Significance of education for a nation’s progress

4-Current situation of Pakistan’s education system

5-What issues are facing Pakistan’s education system? 

• Case in Point : Even after the adoption of more than 25 policies, still the education system is failing to raise the nation socially and economically
• Case in Point:  Clear difference between the attitudes of students coming out from the public educational institutions, deeni madaris and the few private elite institutions
• Case in Point : According to the International Crisis Group, Pakistan is amongst the 12 countries in the world that spent less than 2 per cent of their GDP on the education sector
• Case in Point : According to a UNESCO report, there are no proper training standards in the available training institutes in the remote areas of Punjab, Sindh, Baluchistan, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
• Case in Point : According to the International Association of Universities, Pakistan is the world’s 20th-largest country in terms of the number of universities. Nonetheless, the country contributes only 0.49 per cent to the world’s research documents.
• Case in Point : According to the Planning Commission of Pakistan, less than six per cent of the youth population acquires technical skills, and only two per cent implemented
• Case in Point : Kalimullah, head of the sociology department at Peshawar University, depicts the education system as a source of ongoing deep polarization in the country

6- Recommendations to overcome educational challenges 

• ✓ To allocate a sufficient budget for education, the education system of Pakistan takes a fresh breath with resources  
• ✓ To strengthen accountability so that everyone owns their responsibilities
• ✓ To own their responsibilities, accountability must be strengthened
• ✓ To introduce an updated and relevant curriculum catering to the modern world’s psyche and needs.
• ✓ To work smoothly without any discrimination, there must be less political interference in the education sector
• ✓ To provide solid political will on policy implementation and less interference of politics in the education sector

7- Conclusion 

Education, the kindling of the flame, is the permanent character of human history from darkness to light and the evolution of thoughts from ashes to the phoenix. It has remained the most powerful tool for securing growth and progress in the socio-economic and political realm. Thus, education lays the foundation for a country’s political, social, and economic development. However, being a developing country, Pakistan has been facing critical issues in education since its inception; therefore, the education system has failed to deliver according to the nation’s aspirations. This is because there is a shortage of techno-vocational institutions, policy implementation, uniformity, budget, training and research institutions, and moral development in the country’s institutions. As a result, the state has failed to develop innovative mindsets to contribute to the socio-economic and political upliftment of the country. Although multiple education policies have been designed to improve Pakistan’s education system, none have ever been implemented successfully. Therefore, it is high time for the government to look into the matter meticulously to help the coming generation have a better education system and progress. This essay discusses the issues of Pakistan’s education system and suggests ways forward for overcoming these issues.

      Debunking the term, education is a process that begins at birth and continues until the end of life. The primary focus and function of education is to prepare children for their roles as workers and members of a larger society and identify the purpose of education, shaping of the social being. Generally, there are two main types of education: formal education, which takes place in proper education and training institutions, and non-formal education, which does not occur in formally structured schools. The differences between traditional and non-formal education can be seen in terms of the purpose, timing, content, delivery system and level of control.

      In a broader context, it plays a significant role in people’s physical, mental, psychological and social growth and is the pillar of national progress. Countries with constructive education systems are considered the world’s socio-economic leaders.  The founders of Pakistan realized early that the future of this nation depended on a productive pursuit of knowledge through education. In his message to the first Education Conference in November 1947, the Quaid-e-Azam said: “If we are to make real, speedy and substantial progress, we must bring our educational policy and program on the lines suited to the genius of our people, consonant with our history and culture and having regard to the modern conditions and vast developments that have taken place all over the world. The future of our State will and must accordingly depend upon the education we give our children and how we bring them up as future citizens of Pakistan. Through sound education, we should try to instill in them a high sense of honour, integrity, responsibility and selfless service to the nation. There is an immediate and urgent need to give scientific and technical education to our people to build up our future economic life and to see that our people take to science, commerce, trade, and particularly well-planned industries. We should not forget that we must compete with the world, which is moving quickly in this direction.”  Every nation crops its generations according to its society and provides teachings to play a significant role in developing its country. Thus, education has played an essential role in the development of Norway , as their highest literacy rate leads them to be amongst the most prosperous nations.  

       Since its inception, Pakistan has expressed its commitment to promoting education and literacy in the country through education policies at the domestic level and getting involved in international commitment, for instance, ‘Education for All’, Vision 2030, and Millennium Development Goals. A review suggests that progress has been observed in the education system. But still, there is a dire need for research and training institutions, policy implementation, trained and professional teachers, uniformity and direction, and updated and relevant syllabi, delineating the current outlook of the country’s education system.

      Talking about the issues that Pakistan’s education system facing today, the first is several education policies have been created, but none have been implemented in an authentic and genuine spirit. It is because there has been a lack of political will on the part of successive governments to enforce the policies vigorously due to the problems of corruption, lack of funds and gross inconsistency in straight planning on the part of various political regimes in Pakistan. Moreover, in the overall policy formulation, teachers have been ignored. They are regarded as unimportant elements, which has led to alienation between the teachers and the education system.

     Moreover, different systems of education are simultaneously working in the country. The curriculum is also not uniform, giving birth to other schools of thought . For example, there is a difference between students’ attitudes toward public educational institutions, deeni madaris, and the few private elite institutions.  This trend has accelerated the pace of polarization in society, created a massive gap in the nation, and even deeply penetrated its cultural veins. The recent wave of terrorism and the increasing sectarian division are the logical consequences of this divided system of education. As a result, in the current polarized system of education, there has occurred a tremendous social division in society on political, social, and economic grounds rather than unity among the people, which is cutting knee deep the ideological and social foundation of the nation leading towards further divisions on linguistic and regional grounds, which has potentially damage the social cohesion and fabric of the society.

      Besides, finance is considered the engine of a system. The education system of Pakistan has been crippled mainly due to the scarcity of finance.  The successive governments have been giving less than 2.5 per cent of their budget to the education sector, which is not sufficient for the growing educational needs of the nation in the present changing times.   Academic budgetary allocation has increased in many developing regional countries, such as Sri Lanka and Bangladesh.   But in Pakistan, it is declining day by day.   According to the International Crisis Group, Pakistan is among the 12 countries that spend less than 2% of their GDP on education.  With this insufficient budgetary allocation, the country has hardly meet the targets of universalizing primary education as a signatory to the SDG goals by 2015 and onward.

      In addition to this, training is essential for quality performance of teachers, as teaching is a challenging job. And there is a lack of training opportunities for teachers in Pakistan. However, there are various teacher training institutes in the country. These institutes are either not well-resourced or are poorly run due to a lack of funds and trained human resources, such as trainers and administrators.  According to the UNESCO report, “There are no proper training standards in the available training institutes in the remote areas of Punjab, Sindh, Baluchistan, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.”  Most training institutes have been closed down due to lack of funds. The courses being run in the teacher education intuitions are outdated and very traditional, which does not enhance teachers’ skills, motivation, and quality.

      Adding more to it, quality research in Pakistan’s education system is still a distant dream.  According to the International Association of Universities, “Pakistan is the world’s 20th-largest country in the number of universities.   Nonetheless, the country contributes only 0.49 per cent to the world’s research documents.”  As a result, even the highly qualified youth could do nothing to resolve the prevailing socio-economic problems of the country.

Furthermore, technical education is considered the most practical form, potentially developing countries’ social and economic aspects by producing trained labour. Contrarily, Pakistan’s education system is unable to have skilled labour . According to the Planning Commission of Pakistan, “Less than six per cent of the youth population acquires technical skills, and only two per cent implement them.”  This indicated that Pakistan’s techno-vocational institutes lack efficiency and productivity. Thus compromising the country’s employment and economic output.

       Lastly, the education system’s negligence in children’s moral development promotes intolerance and polarization among the young masses. So, it impacts their thoughts and actions. Kalimullah, the head of the Sociology Department at Peshawar University, depicts, “The education system as a source of ongoing deep polarization in the country. As a result, they failed to serve the country for good.” Thus, neglected morality in the education sector buries the talent of the land of the pure even before the bloom.

      Nonetheless, there is always a light at the end of the tunnel. Pakistan’s youth can be turned into diamonds of talent and virtuosity if educated how they deserve to be. For this purpose, the following steps must be taken. First, there should be sufficient educational budgetary allocation in the national GDP. This will provide the system with resources to take fresh breaths of life. Thus, if the country’s fiscal allocation exceeds the low percentage to the optimum demanded one, its education system will eventually boom at large like all other developing countries: Sri Lanka and Finland.

      Second, the accountability system must be strengthened, and all the professionals associated with the education system should be educated to take responsibility individually and collectively. This helps create a sense of ownership of the system and its functions. To accomplish this, free and fair accountability benches must be allocated in all institutions to ensure their transparency, especially the country’s education sector’s officials. In this way, the government will overcome the predicament of the poor education system.

      Third, the government should introduce a uniform curriculum to provide equal opportunities for rural students to compete with urban students in the job market. The curriculum should be evaluated on an annual basis. In this regard, a vast survey could be conducted to seek the opinions of teachers, parents and the community regarding their expectations and observations. In this light, the expert recommendations of the education researchers are that the curriculum goals should be redefined, and such curriculum should be prepared, which caters to the psyche and needs of the society and the country without any discrimination of cast, colour and creed.

      Fourth, the education sector should have as little political interference as possible. This will allow the system to function smoothly and without any discrimination. Frequent political intervention creates gaps and trust deficits on the part of public and government agencies; solid political will on the part of government is required in policy implementation in the education sector. Thus, policies should be implemented without any delay in time and resources.

      Last but not least, there is a need to implement national education policy and Vision 2030 education goals. An analysis of education policy suggests that at the policy level, there are several admirable ideas, but practically, there are some shortcomings. Also, policies should be implemented without any delay of time and resources. There should be a strong political will on the part of the government to implement policies without any delay. Poor policy implementation has created gaps and trust deficits for the public and government agencies.

      To conclude, a nation’s efficiency depends on its education system; only a viable education system can enable it to achieve its national goals. Unfortunately, Pakistan, as a developing country, has faced critical problems in education: unequipped teachers, lack of political will, irrelevant and outdated curricula, and a non-uniform education trajectory since its inception. Therefore, the education system has failed to play its part in achieving human resources. The raw potential of the country’s youth can be polished through pragmatic education policies and raising education indicators to help strengthen the country’s position in global and International politics.

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Our Education System in Pakistan Essay with Quotations

Here is an example of an Essay on Our Education System with Quotations in English for the Students of FSC, 2nd year. Students of FA, FSC, ICS and ICOM prepare this essay as a practice for their examinations. I have taken this essay from Sunshine English (Comprehensive II) and added appropriate quotations. You can write the same content under the title, Essay on Education System of Pakistan, Our Education System in Pakistan Essay, Our Education System Essay with Quotes. At this link some more essay for class 12 are available.

Essay on Education System of Pakistan with Quotes for FSC, FA, ICS and ICOM, 2nd Year Students

Education is a responsibility on every muslim, male or female. (hazrat muhammad صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم).

Education is responsible for the entire progress of man. It has made man cultured and civilized. Without education, man would have been worse than the wild beasts. All the equipment of ease and entertainment is due to education. Education is of many kinds. Professional education, technical education, scientific education and artistic education are some of them. No man can be perfect in all the branches of knowledge. Therefore, every man chooses his own field of studies according to his taste.

Education is the matter of life and death for Muslims . (Muhammad Ali Jinnah)

Our current education system cannot cope with the demands of science and technology. It was established many years ago. At that time, it might have been consistent with the needs of the age; but now it appears to be fully outdated. It should be revised and improved according to the new challenges of the world.

In our country, the principal purpose of education is to procure a job. This is not possible without professional, technical and scientific knowledge. On the other hand, the course of studies does not provide practical knowledge of science and technology. Moreover, the economy of our country is not so stable as to offer employment to every educated young man. Besides, the graduates of our country are not skilled professionals or technically trained. They are good for nothing. They hate menial work. Thus they remain unemployed. The unemployed youth can easily fall victim to social evils. Thus, instead of becoming useful citizens, they turn out to be criminals. It is an admitted fact that “an evil generates other evils”. Thus the whole society yields to corruption, theft, murder, kidnapping and terrorism. To prevent such a horrible situation, we must take solid steps to modify our education system. The following steps may be helpful in this regard.

“The roots of education are bitter, but the fruit is sweet” . (Aristotle)

First, technical and professional training should be initiated without any more delay. The level of education should be raised. It is true that the knowledge of literature and fine arts brings us joy but it cannot procure an honourable job for us. Thus, with the study of arts, we should get professional training as well.

Second, the system of examination should be improved and bettered. The universities should not be generous in issuing degrees. The examination should be the real test of awareness and knowledge. The government should take solid steps for the eradication of cheating in examination. The lowest qualification limit should be 50% marks instead of 33%.

“Education is the key to unlock the golden door of freedom” . (George Washington)

Third, teachers should be trained properly. They should be expert and skilful in their respective fields. The salaries of the teachers should be handsome so that they may pay full attention to their duty without facing any financial problems. The government must realize that without improving the standard of education, no progress can be made in any field.

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Essay on Education in Pakistan...

Published by admin on 28th September 2022

Essay on Education in Pakistan

Education is the primary need for the development of mankind. Education tells us the better way of living and guides us in every aspect of life, it is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world. Education spread light in life, it frees an individual from misconceptions and blind belief. It is the key factor in the success of any nation.

The education system is the combination of all public, private, for-profit, non-profit institution delivering education and making policies to deliver quality education to their nation. The education system of Pakistan is lagging behind compared to the many other countries of the world due to the lake of interest by the government for the last few decades. The system is in critics even after 70 years of independence, the government failed to introduce a single education system in the country. The education system is divided into six categories which are as under:

Pre-Primary schools ( Begining Classes)

Primary schools (class I-V)

middle schools (class VI-VIII)

Secondary schools (class IX-X)

Higher secondary schools ( class XI-XII)

University level ( Graduation/ Masters)

The system is overseen by the Federal and provincial governments.  According to the research of essay writing service , there are 260,803 registered institutes in Pakistan facilitating over 41,025,645 students where public sector institutes are around 70% and 30% are run by private organizations. The nation is committed to upgrade the literacy rate and to promote the education, for this purpose the government takes initiatives and after the 18th Amendment in the constitution, there has been little change in the system. Education now becomes a fundamental need of every citizen. some of the major problems are:

• Inequity of System
• Less Budget
• Shortage of trained Teachers
• Curricula need to be change
• Gender Difference

 The government schools are failed to deliver quality education, only poor people send their children to public institutes because they can not afford the high fees of private schools, which are making their business in the name of serving education. It looks like the classification of schools should be on the basis of stars, like five and four stars hotels, the government should impose the same syllabus in both public and private institutions in order to eliminate this class-based education system. Another issue is the lack of funds, the government allocates a small number of funds which is not enough for the development of a system, according to a report 81% of funds are reserved for the salaries of teachers and rest is for the infrastructure and other expenses. The gender difference is other problems which are the restriction towards the progressive literacy rate, in many areas parents don’t allow their daughters to go for schools and colleges. Women are the backbone of any nation, and for the educated nation, it is necessary to have educated mothers.

The system is not delivering the best education, the literacy rate of Pakistan is lower than countries like Bangladesh and Srilanka, the government should take serious initiatives for the betterment of education otherwise as a nation we can not compete with the modern world because other countries are emphasizing more on it and investing a huge amount of money to lead the system towards betterment.