french essay on smoking

Leaving Certificate French Predictions 2024 (Higher Level)

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English / L’anglais 1) L’anglais me passionne car je suis bibliophile, je dévore les livres. C’est mon passe-temps préféré. De plus, j’adore écrire des dissertations ou des nouvelles. Je me…

Why Do French People Smoke So Much? We Explain

France is one of the most popular countries to visit in the world. Each year, over 200 million people go to France to eat amazing food, see beautiful art and architecture and drink some of the best wine there is. However, many people who go to France also notice one thing… that the French smoke a lot. Why is this?

French people smoke a lot because of a greater cultural acceptance of smoking, lax enforcement of indoor smoking bans, the high number of young people who start smoking and a history of seeing smoking as part of the artistic and cultural scene of the country.

…but that’s just an overview. In order to understand why, and actually if, French people smoke a lot, we need to go into a bit more detail…

Do French People Smoke A Lot?

French people have a reputation for smoking. The cool images of Parisians sat outside cafes drinking red win and smoking cigarettes goes back to the 1920s, if not much further. Even today, many people think that the French smoke a lot. But do they actually?

The average French smoker takes three cigarettes a day. Therefore, it could not be said that the French smoke a lot. However, 26% of people in France regularly smoke tobacco, which is higher than many other Western European countries.

With over a quarter of people in France smoking cigarettes regularly, it would be correct to say that a lot of French people smoke. On the other hand, the quantity that each person in France smokes is quite low – at only around three cigarettes a day. Therefore, it’s not quite correct to say that the French smoke a lot.

How Much Do The French Smoke Compared To Other Countries?

So, we know there are many French people that smoke, and also that the French have a reputation for using cigarettes. However, in order to fully understand if the French smoke a lot we need to compare the amount of French people who smoke to other countries.

With 26% of the population regularly smoking, France is among the Western European countries with the most smokers. However, compared to countries in Eastern Europe such as Poland, Bulgaria and Greece, France has a lot less smokers.

Let’s take a look at the percentage of French smokers and compare that to other countries in Europe. This will give us a better picture of whether the French really do smoke a lot…

Number of French Smokers Compared To Other European Countries

The most obvious comparison to make to find out if French people smoke a lot is to compare the percentage of French people use tobacco to other European countries. Below is a comparison table:

As we can see, compared to many countries in Western Europe, France has a lot of smokers. Interestingly though, less people in France smoke than in Germany. France is far from being the country in Western Europe where people smoke the most.

Smoking tobacco is more prevalent in Eastern than Western Europe. We can see that Poland has 3% more smokers than France. Greece has over 10% more smokers than France with one of the highest rates of tobacco use on the continent.

Overall, France has a higher rate of cigarette use than many of its neighbours. However, across Europe, France is not one of the countries that smokes the most.

Number of French Smokers Compared To Other Countries Globally

As well as comparing how many French people take cigarettes to other countries in Europe, in order see if French people really do smoke a lot, we also need to look at the percentage of French smokers against other countries around the world. Below is a comparison table:

Compared to many other countries around the world, French people do not smoke a lot. India and Turkey both have a significantly higher percentages of tobacco users. Interestingly, overall, China has a much lower percentage of people that smoke. However, almost half of all the men in China smoke, when very few women do. This pulls down the overall percentage of smokers across the country. It would actually be correct to say that Chinese men smoke much more than the French.

There are countries around the world where people smoke less than French people do on average. These include America and Brazil, both of which have over 10% less smokers than France.

Globally, France has a significant rate of tobacco use, but it is far from the country in the world where the most people smoke.

Do French Women Smoke A Lot?

Another stereotype is that women in France smoke a lot. In many countries, the number of men who use tobacco is significantly higher than the number of women. French women have a reputation for smoking heavily, but is this actually correct?

Around 20% of women in France are smokers. On average, women who smoke in France take three cigarettes a day. Although it would be said that many women in France smoke, the low quantities of cigarettes taken on average means that French women do not smoke a lot.

The best way to determine if French women actually smoke a lot is to compare how much they smoke to women in other countries…

Number of French Women That Smoke Compared To Other European Countries

The first step we need to take in order to see if French women actually smoke a lot is to compare the percentage of French women who use tobacco to other countries in Europe. Below is a comparison table:

As we can see, compared to other countries in Europe, French women actually smoke less. Germany, Spain, Poland, and Greece all have a higher percentage of women that smoke.

Number of French Women That Smoke Compared To Other Countries Globally

As well as looking at how much French women smoke compared to other countries in Europe, in order to fully understand if French women actually smoke a lot of cigarettes, we also need to compare the percentage to other countries around the world. Below is a comparison table:

When comparing the percentage of French women that smoke to other major countries around the world, it is clear that women is France use tobacco at a much higher rate. Almost every other major country in the world has a lower percentage of female smokers.

Why Do French Women Smoke So Much?

As we’ve said, French women have long had a reputation for smoking cigarettes. This differs to many countries around the world where women smoke much less than men. A key question we need to ask regarding female smokers in France is why do so many women in the country use tobacco? There are three main reasons:

Cultural acceptance of female smokers in France.
Lax implementation of indoor smoking
Early age in which people begin smoking

Let’s take a quick look at each of these…

Cultural Acceptance of Female Smokers In France.

A first reason why many women in France smoke is because it more culturally acceptable. In many countries, is it not socially acceptable for women to smoke. Cigarette use by women can be considered even taboo in many parts of the world.

France has a long history of feminism and female emancipation. As a result, there is no social view against women smoking. Therefore, women who choose to smoke can do so without stigma.

Lax Implementation Of Indoor Smoking

A second reason why many women in France use tobacco is because of the lax implementation of indoor smoking bans in France.

In 2007, France introduced a law banning smoking inside public spaces. This includes cafés, restaurants, theatres, and cinemas. However, across France, these laws are often unevenly enforced. Many places in France actually do allow people to smoke indoors, even if it is against the law.

This lax enforcement of smoking laws in France makes it easier for all people, women included, to smoke. It removes the need to go outside, often in cold weather, to smoke. It also increases social smoking and makes it harder for people who already use tobacco to quit.

Early Age In Which People Begin Smoking

A third reason why many women smoke in France is because of the high percentage of young people who begin smoking in the country. The prevalence of smoking among teenagers in France means people begin smoking, and becoming addicted to tobacco, from a young age. This affects both men and women but is a key reason why smoking is a major issue across France.

Why Do So Many French Teenagers Smoke?

Another reputation many people have of France is that lots of young people smoke. In lots of countries around the world smoking is seen as something done more by older people. So, do French teenagers actually smoke a lot?

With 38% of teenagers in France reporting to have smoked in the last 30 days, the country has a significant issue with young people using tobacco. There are two main reasons for this:

Availability of cigarettes
A wider cultural acceptance of smoking

Let’s look at each of these in-turn…

Availability Of Cigarettes

A key reason why teenagers in France smoke is because they are able to get cigarettes. Although the legal age to buy tobacco in France is 18, and this is often strictly enforced. However, young people can often find ways around this law, and it means they can have access to cigarettes. As a result, more teenagers in France smoke.

A Wider Cultural Acceptance of Smoking

A second reason why many teenagers in France smoke is a wider cultural acceptance of smoking. Although recently there has been a change in public attitudes to smoking in France, there are still many people who see little or no issue in using tobacco. Cigarette use in France has a long historical association with art and culture and this connection has not completely been broken. The way many French people perceive smoking makes it appealing for teenagers.

Is Smoking Still Socially Acceptable In France?

A final point we need to consider when discussing the amount that French people smoke is if smoking is socially acceptable in France?

Smoking in France is more socially acceptable than in many other parts of Western Europe. However, the introduction of indoor smoking bans, anti-smoking campaigns and an increased awareness of the negative health affects of smoking means it is becoming less tolerated in France.

Although smoking is still widely accepted in France, the government is trying to reduce the number of smokers in the country. Smoking kills around 200 people a day in France, and this takes a major toll on the country’s health system. The use of tobacco in France is also decreasing year-on-year, as people become better aware of the major health risks of smoking.

Smoke Free World
UK Office of National Statistics
Robert Koch Institute
Statista – Number of Adult Smokers in Italy
World Health Organization – Europe
Statista – Tobacco Use Prevalence in Spain
Wikipedia – Smoking in Greece
US Centre of Disease Control
World Health Organization – China
World Health Organization – India
Tobacco Free Kids
National Library of Medicine

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Global Affairs Explained is an ongoing project aiming to provide concise guides to world events. Focusing on international relations, history, and geo-politics, Global Affairs Explained uses original research and data to answer questions often not covered by traditional media.

French attitudes to smoking: Six of the latest trends

From the number of young people who smoke to the impact of covid, we look at what the latest data tells us.

Smoking is still at a high level in France, but most smokers want to quit, and vaping is on the rise: These are some of the key conclusions from a new survey on smoking in the country.

The report from the national health authority Santé publique France (SPF), uses the latest figures to gain insight into the state of smoking in the country today, among people aged 18 to 75.

1. Numbers of daily smokers creeping back up

The number of people smoking has stabilised after an unprecedented drop between 2016 and 2019.

Over that period, the proportion of respondents who said they smoked daily fell from 29.4% to 24.0%.

In 2022, more than three-in-10 people aged 18-75 said they smoked (31.8%). A quarter smoked daily (24.5%). This equates to almost 12 million people, according to SPF.

Men smoke more than women (27.4% of daily smokers, compared with 21.7%). However, the rising level of smoking among women seen between 2019 and 2021 has not increased any further.

Tobacco is still the leading cause of avoidable death in France, accounting for 75,000 deaths in 2015, or 13% of all deaths.

Read also: French MPs vote to ban smoking in forests when wildfire risk is high

2. Higher proportion of smokers in low-income groups

SPF considers three markers of social status when considering who smokes. These are:

Qualifications

Employment status.

Its survey results show the lower the education and income level, the higher the rate of daily smoking.

People with no diploma or lower than the Bac: 30.8%

People with a diploma above the Bac: 16.8%

Unemployed people: 42.3%

Employed: 26.1%

Students: 19.1%

The figures also show that more than a third (33.6%) of those in the lowest third of income levels smoke.

3. Vaping is on the increase

Vaping has been on the increase since 2016, although the percentage of people who vape daily is still low.

In 2022, 41.2% of 18-75 year-olds said they had already experimented with electronic cigarettes.

Yet, the number of people who vape daily is at just 5.5%.

Read also: We should ban e-cigarette flavours, says new official report in France

4. Majority of daily smokers want to quit

More than half of daily smokers say they want to stop.

59.3% of daily smokers say they want to stop smoking

26.4% say they plan to stop in the next 6 months

30.3% have tried to stop for at least a week in the last 12 months.

A higher percentage of male smokers than female smokers want to stop smoking (61.7% vs. 56.5% of women). A higher percentage of male smokers than female smokers have attempted to stop in the last 12 months (34.3% vs. 25.8%).

5. Covid may have disrupted the trend towards fewer smokers

SPF said that “after a period of falling smoking rates between 2016 and 2019, the stability of smoking observed from 2020 onwards has continued in 2022”.

It said that “the impact of the health, social and economic crisis linked to Covid-19 cannot be ruled out” as a factor in why smoking rates did not continue to decrease among certain segments of the population.

It again highlighted the impact that social inequalities play in smoking rates. “This will be a major issue for the third national tobacco control programme, to be launched in 2023,” SPF said.

6. Significant drop in smoking among 17-year-olds

SPF said that its second national tobacco control programme, which launched in 2018 and ended in 2022, had seen “positive results”.

It said that it had observed:

An overall drop in daily smoking among adults (from 26.9% in 2017 to 24.5% in 2022)

A significant drop among 17-year-olds (from 25.1% in 2017 to 15.6% in 2022)

Read more: French teenagers are less interested in alcohol, cannabis and tobacco

It also said that there had been an increase in the volume of nicotine replacement therapies provided and in the number of healthcare professionals prescribing them.

There has also been a rise in the number of "smoke-free" locations across the country, it said.

Health Minister François Braun has said that he is aiming to achieve the first ‘tobacco-free generation’ by 2023 and has now announced that a new national tobacco control programme will be launched this year in partnership with SPF.

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French smoking ban: The end of a way of life?

By Corinne Maier

Jan. 1, 2008

PARIS — 'God smokes Cuban cigars," Catherine Deneuve sang more than 25 years ago in a song that's still famous here. The cigarette is part of our international image, alongside the baguette and the slenderness of French women.

The reality is different, though. True, the French smoke a bit more than Americans, but we smoke somewhat less than some of our European neighbors, like the Austrians, the Greeks and the Dutch.

What is more notable is that the French have lagged in the West's anti-smoking fight. America is at war against cigarettes. Ireland and Norway banished them in public spaces in 2004. They were soon followed by Italy, Spain, Sweden and Britain.

But things are changing here. Last year, the government decided to act. Prohibiting smoking in public places shows resolve to the voters, after all, a majority of whom favor banning cigarettes altogether.

Banishing tobacco is easier than solving the problems of the slums or reducing unemployment among young people. In October 2006, six months before this year's presidential elections, Prime Minister Dominque de Villepin issued a decree that barred smoking in public places (government offices, schools, hospitals and the like), starting in February 2007. Cafés, restaurants and nightclubs received a reprieve until Jan. 2, 2008. So, beginning on Wednesday, smoking will now be allowed only in sealed rooms that meet strict standards.

Sixteen years ago, France was the pioneer of the West's anti-tobacco fight with its Evin law, which required no-smoking areas in restaurants and cafes. But this law has been routinely ignored, in the way the French usually do with laws that displease them. Thus, France is, for a few more days, one of the last countries in Europe where you can smoke in public while you eat and drink.

Will the new prohibition be respected? Is this the end of the traditional morning cigarette savored with coffee at the bistro? "We'll see," some say, ready to bet this ban will have no more effect than the first.

The state, after all, profits from a laissez-faire attitude toward smoking. France has imposed high taxes on tobacco: 80 percent of the sale price of a cigarette pack (the average is €5, or about $7.35) goes into the state treasury.

These taxes bring in more than €10 billion a year. Isn't it shocking to earn money by taxing what is properly called a drug? The government responds by saying that the money subsidizes the social cost of tobacco, a plague that causes about 65,000 deaths a year in France. Lobbying by the multinational companies that dominate the French market (the biggest is Altadis, a French-Spanish company, followed by Philip Morris and British American Tobacco) also has something to do with the French tolerance of tobacco.

But others fear that smoking in public will become increasingly difficult. Although a prohibition on smoking in bars and restaurants will be harder to enforce, the ban in hospitals, schools and other places that began in February has been widely obeyed. Our Italian neighbors are also very punctilious about respecting their anti-smoking legislation, which went into effect in January 2005.

When he goes to Italy, the French writer Michel Houellebecq, an inveterate smoker, is obliged to meet with journalists in his hotel room. Cigarette in hand, he is now persona non grata in the lobby, at the bar, in the restaurant.

For simple economic reasons, the French smoker could rapidly become an endangered species. French cigarettes are among the most expensive in Europe, their price rising ceaselessly since 1991.

But some will always resist the anti-smoking campaign and manage to buy cheaper cigarettes. The black market is flourishing, and cartons of cigarettes bought on the cheap across the border circulate widely.

On my trips to other countries, I have begun the custom of bringing back a carton for one or another of my smoking friends.

"Another blow to the enemy!" is the ritual phrase that greets this gift. In France, smokers tend to consider themselves as members of the resistance.

Resisting the dictatorship of health and the dictates of hygienic standards: Vive la liberté of smoking! And everyone knows that in France, nobody has made jokes about liberty since the Revolution. Shall we start depicting Marianne, the emblem of the Republic, with a cigarette in her mouth?

Corinne Maier is the author of "Bonjour Laziness: Why Hard Work Doesn't Pay." This article was translated by The New York Times from the French.

Comparing Smoking Behaviors Between France and the United States: A Historical and Cultural Analysis

Journal title, journal issn, volume title.

BACKGROUND: The early 20th century represented a time of remarkable growth for the tobacco industry. After the link between smoking and lung cancer was solidified in the mid 20th century, smoking prevalence in developed countries has largely decreased. However, a subset of developed countries has not seen as large a decrease in smoking rates. The reasons for this divergence in smoking prevalence patterns have not been fully explored in the literature. France is one of the countries that has shown a decrease in smoking prevalence, yet their smoking prevalence is still much higher at 30% when compared to other developed countries such as the United States at 16%. These high rates of smoking in the general public also coincide with high rates amongst health professionals. Smoking status in health professionals has real effects on patient care--namely through decreased likelihood to engage in cessation counseling and less favorable perceptions of the importance of counseling. OBJECTIVE: This thesis will explore the effects of American and French government regulations on the usage of tobacco cigarettes in two time periods (1964-2009, and 2009-present day), the cultural ties to smoking and their change over time, prevalence of smoking amongst healthcare professionals, and the public health implications tied with physician smoking status. METHODS: Historical analysis was performed on legislation passed by the American and French government from 1964 - present day, different forms of media promoting tobacco usage, and physician smoking patterns and counseling practices. Sources in both the French and English language were used, and included but were not limited to research articles, book chapters, newspaper articles, and official government reports. RESULTS: The findings of this literature review suggest that compared to the United States, France has higher rates of smoking due to delayed government action at the height of the tobacco epidemic and cultural attachment to cigarette use. Both France and the U.S. have cultural ties to cigarette smoking. However, in France, the association of smoking with national identity through cigarette marketing tactics and the birth of café culture in the 1960s are large reasons why high smoking rates persist. The U.S.'s success in decreasing smoking rates over the latter half of the 20th century could largely be attributed to the stigma created around smoking and tobacco use, increasing the awareness of the medical complications of smoking by cultural icons, and mass public health campaigns. Though more prevalent in France, physician smoking remains an issue in both countries and is associated with decreased rates of cessation counseling and negative perceptions regarding the utility of cessation counseling. However, French patients are more likely to experience these negative downstream effects as France has higher smoking rates amongst physicians. CONCLUSION: This review provides a different perspective from previous literature in that it not only compares French and American government action, but it also analyzes the cultural underpinnings of tobacco use as well as its public health implications. Furthermore, it has revealed many areas in which both the United States and France could improve their public health strategies in combatting the tobacco epidemic as well as reasons why high smoking rates continue to persist in France.

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v.92(8); 2000 Aug

Smoking behavior and opinions of French general practitioners.

This report examines smoking prevalence, sociodemographic factors, and the opinions of French general practitioners (GPs) about tobacco control policies. Data from the CFES (Comité Français d'Education pour la Santé) national survey on general practitioners included 1013 respondents. The questionnaire was administered by telephone and a response rate of 65% was attained. Instrumentation included variables related to medical practice, sociodemographic characteristics, and opinions about health behavior. Thirty-four percent of physicians were current smokers. A higher proportion of males smoked compared to women (36.1% vs. 24.9%, p < 0.01), and they consumed on average more cigarettes per day (11.2 vs. 8 cigarettes/day, p < 0.05). Slightly more than 52% of physicians regarded their role in reducing nicotine addiction to be important. Doctors who believed that the physician's role was limited were less likely to advise pregnant women to stop smoking (odds ratio = 0.39, p < 0.001), and nonsmokers were more supportive of bans on smoking in public places. Despite the high prevalence of smoking among French physicians, they can still play an important role in reducing smoking among their patients. Medical school curriculum and continuing medical education programs focusing on prevention and cessation in France should be strengthened to help reduce smoking rates among physicians and the general population.

Full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. Get a printable copy (PDF file) of the complete article (1023K), or click on a page image below to browse page by page. Links to PubMed are also available for Selected References .

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state of smoking in france

This page was last edited on: January 5, 2023

smoking rate

Tobacco use and trends.

France achieved a significant reduction of 4.3 percentage points in its current adult (15+ age) smoking prevalence rate (28.3% in 2014 to 24% in 2019) and had 13% or 2 million fewer smokers (15.3 million in 2014 to 13.3 million[1] in 2019) within five years. (See Figure 1)
The reduction in smoking prevalence can be seen in most age groups, with the exception of young smokers (15-19 years old) and older female smokers (55-64 years old). (See Figure 1)
27.4% of men and 20.8% of women (15+ years old) were current smokers in 2019. (See Figure 1)
The prevalence rate for young smokers increased from 23.3% in 2014 to 30.3% in 2019, with higher increases in females (19.2% to 27.6%) versus males (27.1% to 33%) (See Figure 1). In consequence, the number of young smokers [2] increased by 37% or 333,805 from 909,790 in 2014 to 1,243,595 in 2019.

(Figure 1) Smoking of tobacco products by sex and age, France, 2014 and 2019

Current Smokers by Age Group 2014- 2019, (Click to enlarge)

Current Male Smokers by Age Group 2014- 2019 (Click to enlarge)

Current Female Smokers by Age Group 2014- 2019 (Click to enlarge)

Source: EUROSTAT 2019

E-CIGARETTES USE AND TRENDS

6.6% or about 3.66 million adults (15+ years old) were current e-cigarette users in 2019, where 3.4% vaped daily. Among European Union Member States (27 countries), France had the second-highest prevalence rate of vaping in 2019 after Iceland.
E-cigarette consumption was higher in younger age groups and declined with aging after 34 years of age. The daily vaping rate by age groups displayed a normal distribution as it increased between ages 15 and 44 and started declining after reaching its peak of 5.6% in the 35-44 age group. Data suggests that youth smokers may be in an experimental stage with e-cigarettes, as 10.3% used e-cigs occasionally while only 2.1% used them daily. (See Figure 2)

(Figure 2) Use of electronic cigarettes by age groups, France, 2019

E-cigarette use appeared to be higher among more educated groups, as 5.9% of people with less than primary and lower secondary education levels (levels 0-2) were current users, while prevalence rates were 7.8% and 7.1% respectively for upper secondary (level 3-4) and tertiary education (level 5-8) groups.

TOBACCO DEMAND

Annual cigarette consumption has been falling steadily between 2004 and 2020 – down by 40% (from 53.8 packs to 32.4 packs) per adult (age 15+) and down by 35% (from 175.2 packs to 114.3 packs) per smoker (age 15+) respectively. (See Figure 3)
Among daily smokers (18-75 years old), men consumed an average of 13.5 cigarettes per day and women consumed 11.4 per day in 2019.

(Figure 3) Cigarette consumption (Packs) per smoker/adult (age 15+), France, 2004 – 2020

Source: Cigarette consumption by Europa. EU (last accessed in August 2022), number of smokers by GBD IHME database 2019 and 15+ population extracted by WB HNP database

HEALTH AND ECONOMIC BURDEN FROM TOBACCO USE

Tobacco use remains the highest risk factor that drives the most death and disability combined between 2009 and 2019 .
It is estimated that although tobacco claimed 3% more lives between 2009 (80,373) and 2019 (83,001), the cost of its disease burden (Disease Adjusted Life Years – DALYs) remained almost constant between 2009 (2,033,691 DALYs) and 2019 (2,038,684 DALYs).

REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT

France ratified the WHO FCTC in October 2004. France was evaluated by WHO to have ‘complete measure’ on monitoring, health warnings and mass media restrictions and taxation, ‘moderate measure’ on cessation programs and advertising bans, and ‘minimal meausre’ on smoke-free environments.
The Public Health code adopted in 2016 includes regulations on e-cigarettes. E-cigarettes with and without nicotine are subject to same regulations (e.g. advertising, age restrictions, health warnings on packages, and public place use).
E-cigarette advertisement and sponsorships are heavily restricted, almost equal to combustible tobacco advertisement restrictions. E-cigarette usage is banned in public places , and health warnings are required to occupy 30% of both surfaces of packages. The nicotine content of vaping products is restricted to less than or equal to 20 milligrams per milliliter.
Heated Tobacco Products (HTPs) are considered tobacco products but are regulated as “novel tobacco” products. In consequence, HTPs are subject to less strict regulations as compared with cigarettes – for example, advertising and free sampling at specialist stores are allowed. However, using HTPs are banned in public places and subject to same advertisement ban as cigarettes.
In July 2021, total tax (excise and VAT combined) on the weighted average price for a pack of cigarettes was 84.76% , where 68% was the excise (specific and ad valorem) tax. The most popular cigarette brand was €10.5/pack, while the weighted average price was estimated as €9.70/pack.
Currently no excise taxes are applied on e-cigarettes.
Excise tax es on HTPs include a specific rate of €3 per kg of tobacco weight or 1000 pieces and an ad valorem rate of 51.4% on retail selling prices in 2020 and 2021. The excise tax share on retail price (€7 in 2020) of HTPs was 60.3%. [3] As compared with combustible cigarettes, HTPs are subject to relatively lower excise tax rates as illustrated in the figure shown.

(Figure 4) Excise and VAT share (%) on Price of Cigarettes and HTPs

Source: European Commission 2021 , France General Tax Code 2022 , WHO 2021

According to the Excise Duty Tables , France has been increasing its revenues from tobacco products since 2008, with a 50% increase from €9550.43 million in 2008 to €14319 million in 2020. Although cigarettes generate the bulk of this revenue (82% or €11725 million in 2020), its share in total tobacco revenues went down from its peak of 87% in 2015.

(Figure 5) Tax revenue from tobacco products (millions EUR), France, 2008 – 2020

Source: European Commission, August 2021

Illicit trade represented 28% of legal sales in 2020 according to Euromonitor International (2022), doubling between 2008 and 2020.

(Figure 6) Cigarette excise revenue (million EUR) and illicit trade (%)

Source: Euromonitor International 2022, European Commission, August 2021

Based on the Global Illicit Trade Environmental Index [4] , France was ranked the 18 th leading country in the globe with a score of 73.8 out of 100 in 2018. This index is built around four main categories, among which France scores high on Government Policies [5] and Customs Environment [6] but falls behind on the Transparency & Trade [7] and Supply & Demand[8] categories

(Figure 7) Illicit Trade Environment Index, France

Main Categories of ITEI & France’s Score

[1] Adult population (15+ age) was 54.2 million in 2014 and 55.4 million in 2019. Data accessed in January 2023. [2] Population for male (15-19 years old) was 1,908,356 in 2014 and 1,990,884 in 2019, and population for females (15 – 19 years old) was 2,005,114 in 2014 and 2,103,368 in 2019. Data accessed in January 2023. [3] Specific is €0.62/pack and ad valorem €3.60, a total excise value of €4.22/pack of 20 pieces. [4] The index is a measure of the extent to which economies enable or inhibit illicit trade through their policies and initiatives to combat illicit trade. [5] Government Policy measures the availability of policy and legal approaches to monitoring and preventing illicit trade. [6] Customs Environment measures how effectively an economy’s customs service manages its dual mandate to facilitate licit trade while also preventing illicit trade. [7] Transparency & Trade measures an economy’s transparency as regards illicit trade and the degree to which it exercises governance over its free-trade zones (FTZs) and transshipments. [8] Supply & Demand measures the domestic environment that encourages or discourages the supply of and demand for illicit goods, including the level of corporate taxation and social security burdens, the quality of state institutions, labor market regulations, and perceptions of the extent to which organized crime imposes costs on business.

As research findings become available that are inclusive of additional gender identities, the Foundation will update the information presented.

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[Smoking and vaping in France]

Affiliations.

1 Santé publique France, 94410 Saint-Maurice, France. Electronic address: [email protected].
2 Santé publique France, 94410 Saint-Maurice, France.
3 Observatoire français des drogues et des toxicomanies, 93200 Saint-Denis, France.
PMID: 29945810
DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2018.01.008

Introduction: The aim of the article is to present a summary of current knowledge on tobacco smoking in France available through representative population surveys.

State of art: Smoking is very common in France as more than a quarter (28.7%) of 15-75years old individuals reported daily smoking in 2016. The rate is also high among 15-year-old (14.6%) and half of them (51.8%) have already smoked one cigarette. Since the 1970s, sex differences in smoking behaviour are narrowing. More recently, since 2000, smoking prevalence has tended to decrease among the most advantaged individuals but to increase among less advantaged ones. These social inequalities, which are becoming more and more pronounced, are being observed from smoking initiation, often before the age of 18. Daily users of E-cigarettes represent 2.5% of individuals from 15-75 years in France. They are also tobacco smokers (58.8%) or former smokers (41.2%).

Perspectives: Taking social inequalities in health into consideration, notably regarding smoking initiation, is a key challenge in the fight against smoking.

Conclusions: It is essential to strengthen efforts to decrease the rate of smoking in France. The 2017 Health Barometer and Escapad surveys will allow evaluation of the public policies implemented in 2016 and determine whether they have had an impact on the image of smoking and on smoking rates.

Keywords: Addiction; Cigarette électronique; E-cigarette; Inégalités sociales; Smoking; Social inequalities; Tabac; Tabagisme; Tobacco; Vaping; Vapotage.

Publication types

Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems / statistics & numerical data
France / epidemiology
Middle Aged
Smoking / epidemiology*
Smoking Cessation / statistics & numerical data
Tobacco Smoking / epidemiology
Vaping / epidemiology*
Young Adult

Persuasive Essay Guide

Persuasive Essay About Smoking

Persuasive Essay About Smoking - Making a Powerful Argument with Examples

What You Need To Know About Persuasive Essay

A persuasive essay is a type of writing that aims to convince its readers to take a certain stance or action. It often uses logical arguments and evidence to back up its argument in order to persuade readers.

It also utilizes rhetorical techniques such as ethos, pathos, and logos to make the argument more convincing. In other words, persuasive essays use facts and evidence as well as emotion to make their points.

A persuasive essay about smoking would use these techniques to convince its readers about any point about smoking. Check out an example below:

Simple persuasive essay about smoking

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Persuasive Essay Examples About Smoking

Smoking is one of the leading causes of preventable death in the world. It leads to adverse health effects, including lung cancer, heart disease, and damage to the respiratory tract. However, the number of people who smoke cigarettes has been on the rise globally.

A lot has been written on topics related to the effects of smoking. Reading essays about it can help you get an idea of what makes a good persuasive essay.

Here are some sample persuasive essays about smoking that you can use as inspiration for your own writing:

Persuasive speech on smoking outline

Persuasive essay about smoking should be banned

Persuasive essay about smoking pdf

Persuasive essay about smoking cannot relieve stress

Persuasive essay about smoking in public places

Speech about smoking is dangerous

Persuasive Essay About Smoking Introduction

Persuasive Essay About Stop Smoking

Short Persuasive Essay About Smoking

Stop Smoking Persuasive Speech

Check out some more persuasive essay examples on various other topics.

Argumentative Essay About Smoking Examples

An argumentative essay is a type of essay that uses facts and logical arguments to back up a point. It is similar to a persuasive essay but differs in that it utilizes more evidence than emotion.

If you’re looking to write an argumentative essay about smoking, here are some examples to get you started on the arguments of why you should not smoke.

Argumentative essay about smoking pdf

Argumentative essay about smoking in public places

Argumentative essay about smoking introduction

Check out the video below to find useful arguments against smoking:

Tips for Writing a Persuasive Essay About Smoking

You have read some examples of persuasive and argumentative essays about smoking. Now here are some tips that will help you craft a powerful essay on this topic.

Choose a Specific Angle

Select a particular perspective on the issue that you can use to form your argument. When talking about smoking, you can focus on any aspect such as the health risks, economic costs, or environmental impact.

Think about how you want to approach the topic. For instance, you could write about why smoking should be banned.

Check out the list of persuasive essay topics to help you while you are thinking of an angle to choose!

Research the Facts

Before writing your essay, make sure to research the facts about smoking. This will give you reliable information to use in your arguments and evidence for why people should avoid smoking.

You can find and use credible data and information from reputable sources such as government websites, health organizations, and scientific studies.

For instance, you should gather facts about health issues and negative effects of tobacco if arguing against smoking. Moreover, you should use and cite sources carefully.

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Make an Outline

The next step is to create an outline for your essay. This will help you organize your thoughts and make sure that all the points in your essay flow together logically.

Your outline should include the introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion. This will help ensure that your essay has a clear structure and argument.

Use Persuasive Language

When writing your essay, make sure to use persuasive language such as “it is necessary” or “people must be aware”. This will help you convey your message more effectively and emphasize the importance of your point.

Also, don’t forget to use rhetorical devices such as ethos, pathos, and logos to make your arguments more convincing. That is, you should incorporate emotion, personal experience, and logic into your arguments.

Introduce Opposing Arguments

Another important tip when writing a persuasive essay on smoking is to introduce opposing arguments. It will show that you are aware of the counterarguments and can provide evidence to refute them. This will help you strengthen your argument.

By doing this, your essay will come off as more balanced and objective, making it more convincing.

Finish Strong

Finally, make sure to finish your essay with a powerful conclusion. This will help you leave a lasting impression on your readers and reinforce the main points of your argument. You can end by summarizing the key points or giving some advice to the reader.

A powerful conclusion could either include food for thought or a call to action. So be sure to use persuasive language and make your conclusion strong.

To conclude,

By following these tips, you can write an effective and persuasive essay on smoking. Remember to research the facts, make an outline, and use persuasive language.

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Keep reading

Essay on Smoking

500 words essay on smoking.

One of the most common problems we are facing in today’s world which is killing people is smoking. A lot of people pick up this habit because of stress , personal issues and more. In fact, some even begin showing it off. When someone smokes a cigarette, they not only hurt themselves but everyone around them. It has many ill-effects on the human body which we will go through in the essay on smoking.

Ill-Effects of Smoking

Tobacco can have a disastrous impact on our health. Nonetheless, people consume it daily for a long period of time till it’s too late. Nearly one billion people in the whole world smoke. It is a shocking figure as that 1 billion puts millions of people at risk along with themselves.

Cigarettes have a major impact on the lungs. Around a third of all cancer cases happen due to smoking. For instance, it can affect breathing and causes shortness of breath and coughing. Further, it also increases the risk of respiratory tract infection which ultimately reduces the quality of life.

In addition to these serious health consequences, smoking impacts the well-being of a person as well. It alters the sense of smell and taste. Further, it also reduces the ability to perform physical exercises.

It also hampers your physical appearances like giving yellow teeth and aged skin. You also get a greater risk of depression or anxiety . Smoking also affects our relationship with our family, friends and colleagues.

Most importantly, it is also an expensive habit. In other words, it entails heavy financial costs. Even though some people don’t have money to get by, they waste it on cigarettes because of their addiction.

How to Quit Smoking?

There are many ways through which one can quit smoking. The first one is preparing for the day when you will quit. It is not easy to quit a habit abruptly, so set a date to give yourself time to prepare mentally.

Further, you can also use NRTs for your nicotine dependence. They can reduce your craving and withdrawal symptoms. NRTs like skin patches, chewing gums, lozenges, nasal spray and inhalers can help greatly.

Moreover, you can also consider non-nicotine medications. They require a prescription so it is essential to talk to your doctor to get access to it. Most importantly, seek behavioural support. To tackle your dependence on nicotine, it is essential to get counselling services, self-materials or more to get through this phase.

One can also try alternative therapies if they want to try them. There is no harm in trying as long as you are determined to quit smoking. For instance, filters, smoking deterrents, e-cigarettes, acupuncture, cold laser therapy, yoga and more can work for some people.

Always remember that you cannot quit smoking instantly as it will be bad for you as well. Try cutting down on it and then slowly and steadily give it up altogether.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Conclusion of the Essay on Smoking

Thus, if anyone is a slave to cigarettes, it is essential for them to understand that it is never too late to stop smoking. With the help and a good action plan, anyone can quit it for good. Moreover, the benefits will be evident within a few days of quitting.

FAQ of Essay on Smoking

Question 1: What are the effects of smoking?

Answer 1: Smoking has major effects like cancer, heart disease, stroke, lung diseases, diabetes, and more. It also increases the risk for tuberculosis, certain eye diseases, and problems with the immune system .

Question 2: Why should we avoid smoking?

Answer 2: We must avoid smoking as it can lengthen your life expectancy. Moreover, by not smoking, you decrease your risk of disease which includes lung cancer, throat cancer, heart disease, high blood pressure, and more.

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Boris Johnson walks along a street with security guards in the background

Boris Johnson calls Rishi Sunak’s smoking ban ‘absolutely nuts’

Former PM laments state of Tory party saying it is ‘mad’ that party of Winston Churchill is ‘banning cigars’

UK politics – latest updates

Boris Johnson has attacked Rishi Sunak’s smoking ban , calling it “absolutely nuts” in a lament about the state of the Conservative party in Britain.

Speaking at an event in Canada on Wednesday night, Johnson said it was “mad” that the party of Winston Churchill was “banning cigars”.

The government is passing legislation to end smoking by increasing the legal age to buy tobacco each year. Sunak announced the plan at the Conservative party conference last year and has presented it as part of his political legacy.

Johnson attacked the policy at the Canada Strong and Free conference in Ottawa, where he appeared on a panel with the former Australian prime minister Tony Abbott and the political commentator John O’Sullivan.

Johnson said: “When I look at some of the things we are doing now, or that are being done in the name of conservatism, I think they’re absolutely nuts.

“We’re banning cigars. What is the point of banning – the party of Winston Churchill wants to ban cigars … Donnez moi un break, as they say in Quebec. It’s just mad.”

There have been suggestions that Johnson will return to the campaign trail to help the Conservatives at the general election, expected to take place in the autumn. But the former prime minister’s intervention casts doubt on whether he is minded to help his successor, with whom he has a difficult relationship. Johnson’s allies hold Sunak responsible for helping bring about his resignation in the summer of 2022.

Sunak’s proposed smoking ban would make it illegal for anyone turning 15 or younger this year to ever be able to buy tobacco products. The policy has faced criticism from the libertarian wing of the Conservative party.

MPs are expected to be given a free vote on the proposed law when it comes to the Commons on 16 April. Given the government and the Labour party are in favour of the plan, it is expected to pass.

A similar law had been due to come into effect in New Zealand in July, but was repealed by the country’s new coalition government in February.

Johnson told the audience: “The difference between us conservatives and our opponents is that every time, their instincts are always about control and exploitation and coercion, and taking your money and spending it on your behalf and regulating your life – and we are, on the whole, in favour of freedom.

“It’s that single Anglo-Saxon idea of freedom that I think unites conservatives – or should unite conservatives.”

He then suggested that introducing bans and strict regulations was a feature of more autocratic societies, such as Russia.

Johnson said he hoped the Tory party in the UK would be “transfused with the Canadians’ can-do spirit and turn things around in the next few months”. The conservatives in Canada have enjoyed a resurgence in the past two years under the leadership of Pierre Poilievre.

At the event in Ottawa, Johnson also spoke in favour of supporting Ukraine and Israel. He also said he had changed his mind on climate change over the years and defended policies to tackle it and achieve net zero carbon emissions by 2050.

“Let me tell you, elections are won by the party that really owns the future. And I’m full of excitement about what’s happening here in Canada, but I think that people want to see there’s a plan and a programme to deal with this problem in a proper conservative way,” he said.

Boris Johnson
Conservatives
Rishi Sunak
Health policy

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Westfield UTC is expanding with a new wing of luxury shops and destination restaurants

Unibail-Rodamco-Westfield has started construction on a 50,000-square-foot project that will add nine storefronts and two restaurants to the former Nordstrom lot

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Unibail-Rodamco-Westfield has started construction on an all-new wing of luxury shops and destination eateries designed to further elevate the status of its flagship Westfield UTC property in University City.

Thursday, the French firm announced the expansion project, which will introduce 50,000 square feet of space spread across two buildings with nine storefronts and two restaurants on the lot of the original Nordstrom box.

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The project, set to open to the public in early 2026, will also add a second valet area near Michael Kors, as well as slightly enlarge and enhance the existing promenade opposite Hermès and Louis Vuitton. The company declined to share the project cost.

The investment will round out more than a decade of upgrades that have, amid a consumer shift to online shopping, remade the outdoor shopping center into a resort-style destination that can accommodate a mix of interests. The project also comes as the Paris-based mall operator, which took over Westfield in 2018, pushes forward with its plan to offload all of its U.S. properties.

“The overall design of this project is world class, based on the coastal environment. We’ve really designed this project to be very local to the market,” Kim Brewer, senior vice president of development for Unibail-Rodamco-Westfield in the U.S., told the Union-Tribune. “We’re really going to focus on ensuring that the addition is a seamless integration to what currently exists today and helps this outdoor destination feed off of this amazing climate here.”

Opened in 1977, Westfield UTC has undergone a nearly $1 billion transformation since 2012, when an initial redevelopment phase added new building facades, a fancier food court and an upscale movie theater. In 2017, a more substantial makeover created 400,000 square feet of space, high-end shops, a five-level parking structure, trendy eateries and office space. And, in 2019, the pricey Palisade apartment tower opened in the mall’s Nobel Drive parking lot area.

The mall currently has 280 tenants, a Unibail-Rodamco-Westfield spokesperson said.

The Westfield UTC expansion project is located where the original Nordstrom box and connected shops used to be.

The latest addition has been in the works since 2017, although the project’s timeline was protracted because of the ownership change and the pandemic, Brewer said. In 2022, the company razed the old Nordstrom store and adjacent shops to ready the site for redevelopment.

The project site will be familiar to mall-goers who traverse the current promenade that extends from Michael Kors to Din Tai Fung, with the new wing going in northeast of the fencing that has long blocked off the area.

Here, Westfield will create a mostly single-level experience that extends the promenade at the same grade, over 70 additional parking garage spaces. The addition completes a section of the mall that has looked unfinished for years. The wing will be outfitted with more lush landscaping and a new art piece. And it will be capped by an all-new, two-level restaurant building that amplifies the arrival ambiance near the current valet area, opposite Din Tai Fung and Javier’s.

The nine new storefronts, concentrated in a single-story retail building, will be of a similar caliber to the designer boutiques that already line the corridor, Brewer said. The mall has leased more than 80 percent of the under-construction addition, but it is not disclosing tenant names, she said.

Construction on the project started April 1, and Unibail expects to turn over the retail and restaurant spaces to tenants in the middle of 2025. The project architects are Westfield Design and Architects Orange. Davis Reed Construction is the project’s general contractor.

The expansion comes as malls around the country are not only grappling with changes in consumer shopping patterns but are still seeking to rebound from pandemic-era losses.

A walkway at Westfield UTC near the new expansion project.

Brewer links Westfield UTC’s resilience to the operator’s long-held desire for the La Jolla-adjacent center to be more than a mall.

“Great retail centers are going continue to perform if you’re continually reinvesting, if you continue to bring a unique dynamic to the merchandise, if you look at the amenities that are being offered, if you custom tailor the experience to the customer that’s local. We have spent so much time trying to get the product right for the customer in this market, that people continue to want that experience,” Brewer said. “When you have a dynamic outdoor center that’s got an environment like we do in San Diego, that has entertainment, great food and beverage, world-class retail, it just continues to be a desirable place for people to come.”

Unibail is investing in Westfield UTC even as it has divested from second-tier centers elsewhere in town.

Last year, the firm sold its two Mission Valley shopping centers to separate buyers for a combined $290 million. It also sold the leasehold for its Escondido mall, now called North County Mall, for $57 million.

Unibail said in its 2023 financial report, published in February, that it continues to pursue a “radical reduction” of its “financial exposure” in the U.S., meaning additional sales are likely. The firm is in talks with potential buyers for more than a billion dollars worth of assets in Europe and in the U.S., the report said.

Similarly, Seritage Growth Properties, which owns the easternmost parcel at UTC where Sears used to be, has also been shopping for a buyer for its real estate. The Collection at UTC, as the property is called, includes an assortment of ground-floor stores and food and beverage options. The upper levels are leased to Amazon . In 2022, Seritage shareholders approved a dissolution plan that includes selling off all assets.

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