meaning of phd coursework

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We are proud to offer some of the best PhD and professional doctorate degree programs in Australia, representing groundbreaking research in business, psychology, design, engineering, health, IT, law, science, technology and more.

What is a PhD?

PhD stands for Doctor of Philosophy and is considered the highest postgraduate achievement you can earn. To complete a doctorate you must produce significant and original research. You’ll develop critical knowledge and understanding of a particular research area. 

A PhD is a doctoral degree with an academic focus. Under appropriate academic supervision, you’ll develop a significant, original piece of research, usually equivalent to 70,000 to 100,000 words.

Professional doctorate

While a PhD focuses on academic research, a professional doctorate makes a significant and original contribution to furthering professional practice. A professional doctorate consists of coursework and a thesis of between 70,000 and 100,000 words.

A new way to complete your PhD, that is unique to Swinburne. You will complete your PhD as part of a team of research students, from across a range of disciplines, to work collaboratively on a broad challenge identified by a partner. Each team member will focus on a different aspect of the problem. Your team might look at a new or developing innovation, with individual projects focused on areas such as:

• new technology
• challenges in community acceptance
• social impact
• new legal or regulatory frameworks
• ethical issues.

You’ll undertake research at the university as well as spending time immersed in the work environment of your industry partner. Through this, you'll simultaneously grow your knowledge of communication, leadership and business as well as develop your research skills. You’ll see first-hand the significance and impact your work can have.

Browse our PhD and professional doctorate degree courses

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How the PhD Program Works

Program Overview

Completing your doctorate at Wharton requires 5 years of full-time study. The first 2 years in the program prepare you for admission to candidacy by taking courses, qualifying exams, and starting research projects. In the last few years, you are primarily conducting research full-time including writing and defending your doctoral dissertation.

Admission to candidacy.

You begin by taking courses required for your program of study. All programs requires a preliminary exam, which may be either oral or written.

Some programs may have further requirements, such as an additional exam or research paper. If you enter with a master’s degree or other transfer credit, you may satisfy the formal course requirements more quickly.

Beginning the Wharton PhD Curriculum How the first two years of the Wharton program helped students discover their interests, learn the tools of the profession, and fuel their passion for teaching.

The Doctoral Dissertation

Upon successful completion of coursework and passing a preliminary examination, you are admitted to candidacy for the dissertation phase of your studies.

Your doctoral dissertation should contain original research that meets standards for published scholarship in your field. You are expected to be an expert in the topic you choose to research.

You are admitted to candidacy for the dissertation phase of your studies upon successful completion of coursework and passing a preliminary examination, but you can start thinking about and working on research of relevance at any time.

The dissertation process culminates with a “defense,” in which you defend the proposal orally before your dissertation committee.

While working on your dissertation, you interact extensively with Wharton faculty. Together with interested faculty, you create your own research community that includes your dissertation advisor and dissertation committee.

Policies and Procedures

Get more detailed explanation of course requirements, academic standards, the Teacher Development Program, time limits, and dissertation procedures and requirements.

Sample Program Sequence

Years 1 & 2.

Coursework Examination Research Papers Research Activities Field-Specific Requirements

Directed Reading & Research Admission to Candidacy Formulation of Research Topic

Years 4 & 5

Continued Research Oral Examination Dissertation

Hear From Our Doctoral Community

From research consumer to research producer, phd student creates a new pipeline for women in academia, faculty expertise in housing economics attracted this phd student to wharton.

What Is a Doctorate Degree?

A doctorate is usually the most advanced degree someone can get in an academic discipline, higher education experts say.

What Is a Doctorate?

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It's unwise to apply to a doctoral program if you don't have a clear idea of how you might use a doctorate in your career.

In many academic disciplines, the most advanced degree one can earn is a doctorate. Doctorate degree-holders are typically regarded as authorities in their fields, and many note that a major reason for pursuing a doctorate is to increase professional credibility.

"If someone wants to be respected as an expert in their chosen field, and also wants to have a wider array of options in research, writing, publishing, teaching, administration, management, and/or private practice, a doctorate is most definitely worth considering," Don Martin, who has a Ph.D. in higher education administration , wrote in an email.

A doctoral degree is a graduate-level credential typically granted after multiple years of graduate school, with the time-to-degree varying depending on the type of doctoral program, experts say.

Earning a doctorate usually requires at least four years of effort and may entail eight years, depending on the complexity of a program's graduation requirements. It also typically requires a dissertation, a lengthy academic paper based on original research that must be vetted and approved by a panel of professors and later successfully defended before them for the doctorate to be granted.

Some jobs require a doctorate, such as certain college professor positions, says Eric Endlich, founder of Top College Consultants, an admissions consulting firm that helps neurodivergent students navigate undergraduate and graduate school admissions.

Endlich earned a Doctor of Philosophy degree, commonly known as a Ph.D., from Boston University in Massachusetts. He focused on psychology and notes that a doctoral degree is generally required to be a licensed psychologist.

"Since a Ph.D. is a research-focused degree, it can be advantageous to those seeking high-level research positions in scientific fields such as astrophysics or biotechnology," he says.

How Long it Takes to Get a Doctorate Degree

Martin, founder and CEO of Grad School Road Map, an organization that helps grad school applicants navigate the admissions process, says obtaining a doctorate is often a lengthy endeavor.

"Typically it can take between four and six years to complete any doctoral program," he says. "If comprehensive examinations and a dissertation are part of the graduation requirements, it may take a year or two longer. There is no standard amount of time – some students take seven to 10 years to finish."

Endlich says doctoral degree hopefuls should be aware that completing a dissertation may take a long time, especially if unexpected hurdles arise.

"My dissertation, for example, involved recruiting college students to complete questionnaires, and it took much longer than I anticipated to recruit enough subjects for my study," he says.

The standards for a dissertation, which include the proposal and research, are rigorous and usually involve a review and approval by a faculty committee, says Hala Madanat, vice president for research and innovation at San Diego State University in California.

"As part of dissertation requirements, some programs will require publication of the research in high-impact peer-reviewed journals," Madanat wrote in an email.

Types of Doctoral Degree Programs

According to professors and administrators of doctoral programs, there are two types of doctorates.

Doctor of Philosophy

A doctor of philosophy degree is designed to prepare people for research careers at a university or in industry, and teach students how to discover new knowledge within their academic discipline. Ph.D. degrees are offered in a wide range of academic subjects, including highly technical fields like biology , physics, math and engineering; social sciences like sociology and economics; and humanities disciplines like philosophy.

A Ph.D. is the most common degree type among tenure-track college and university faculty, who are typically expected to have a doctorate. But academia is not the only path for someone who pursues a Ph.D. It's common for individuals with biology doctorates to work as researchers in the pharmaceutical industry, and many government expert positions also require a Ph.D.

Professional or clinical doctorates

These are designed to give people the practical skills necessary to be influential leaders within a specific industry or employment setting, such as business, psychology , education or nursing . Examples of professional doctoral degrees include a Doctor of Business Administration degree, typically known as a DBA; a Doctor of Education degree, or Ed.D.; and a Doctor of Nursing Practice degree, or DNP.

A law degree, known as a juris doctor or J.D., as well as a Doctor of Medicine degree, or M.D., are also considered professional doctorates.

How to Get a Doctorate

Getting a doctorate is challenging. It ordinarily requires a series of rigorous classes in a field of study and then passage of a qualification exam in order to begin work on a dissertation, which is the final project.

Dissertations are difficult to write, says David Harpool, vice president of graduate and online programs at Newberry College in South Carolina. Some research indicates that only about half of doctoral students go on to finish their degree, and a main reason is that many never finish and successfully defend their dissertation

"Many of them are in programs that permit them to earn a master’s on the way to a doctorate," Harpool, who earned a Ph.D. from Saint Louis University in Missouri and a J.D. from the University of Missouri , wrote in an email. "The transition from mastering a discipline to creating new knowledge (or at least applying new knowledge in a different way), is difficult, even for outstanding students."

Learn about how M.D.-Ph.D. programs

There is a often a "huge shift in culture" at doctoral programs compared to undergraduate or master's level programs, says Angela Warfield, who earned a Ph.D. in English from the University of Iowa.

Doctoral professors and students have more of a collaborative relationship where they function as colleagues, she says. And there's pressure on each student to produce "significant and original research."

Many full-time doctoral students work for the school as researchers or teaching assistants throughout their program, so time management is crucial to avoid burnout. However, the dissertation "is by far the biggest battle," she says. The goal is to avoid an "ABD," she says, meaning "all but dissertation."

"In my writing group, we had two motivational slogans: 'ABD is not a degree,' and 'a good dissertation is a done dissertation,'" Warfield, now the principal consultant and founder of admissions consulting firm Compass Academics, wrote in an email.

How Are Doctorate Admissions Decisions Made?

Admissions standards for doctoral programs vary depending on the type of doctorate, experts say.

The quality of a candidate's research is a distinguishing factor in admissions decisions, Madanat says. Meanwhile, leaders of clinical and professional doctorate programs say that the quality of a prospective student's work experience matters most.

Doctoral programs typically expect students to have a strong undergraduate transcript , excellent letters of recommendation and, in some cases, high scores on the Graduate Record Examination , or GRE, Endlich says.

"The size of the programs may be relatively small, and universities need to be sure that applicants will be able to handle the demands of their programs," he says.

Because professional doctorates often require students to come up with effective solutions to systemic problems, eligibility for these doctorates is often restricted to applicants with extensive first-hand work experience with these problems, according to recipients of professional doctorates.

In contrast, it's common for Ph.D. students to begin their programs immediately after receiving an undergraduate degree. The admissions criteria at Ph.D. programs emphasize undergraduate grades, standardized test scores and research projects , and these programs don't necessarily require work experience.

Admissions decisions may also depend on available funding, says Madanat, who works with doctoral students to provide funding, workshops and faculty support to help their research.

Who Is a Good Fit for a Doctoral Program?

Doctoral degree hopefuls "should be interested in making a deep impact on their field, open-minded, eager to learn, curious, adaptable and self-motivated," Madanat says. "Doctoral programs are best suited for those whose goals are to transform and change the fields they are studying and want to make a difference in the way the world is."

Someone who loves to study a subject in great depth, can work alone or in teams, is highly motivated and wants to develop research skills may be a good candidate for a doctoral program, Endlich says.

Because of the tremendous effort and time investment involved in earning a doctorate, experts say it's foolish to apply to a doctoral program if it's unclear how you might use a doctorate in your career.

"The students are being trained with depth of knowledge in the discipline to prepare them for critical thinking beyond the current state of the field," Madanat says. "Students should consider the reasons that they are pursuing a doctoral degree and whether or not it aligns with their future professional goals, their family circumstances and finances."

Rachel D. Miller, a licensed marriage and family therapist who completed a Ph.D. degree in couples and family therapy at Adler University in Illinois in 2023, says pursuing a doctorate required her to make significant personal sacrifices because she had to take on large student loans and she needed to devote a lot of time and energy to her program. Miller says balancing work, home life and health issues with the demands of a Ph.D. program was difficult.

For some students, the financial component may be hard to overlook, Warfield notes.

"Student debt is no joke, and students pursuing graduate work are likely only compounding undergraduate debt," she says. "They need to really consider the payoff potential of the time and money sacrifice."

To offset costs, some programs are fully funded, waiving tuition and fees and providing an annual stipend. Some offer health insurance and other benefits. Students can also earn money by teaching at the university or through fellowships, but those adding more to their plate should possess strong time management skills, experts say.

"Graduate school, and higher education in general, can be brutal on your physical and mental health," Miller wrote in an email.

But Miller says the time and effort invested in her doctoral program paid off by allowing her to conduct meaningful research into the best way to provide therapy to children affected by high-conflict divorce and domestic violence. She now owns a therapy practice in Chicago.

Miller urges prospective doctoral students to reflect on whether getting a doctorate is necessary for them to achieve their dream job. "Really know yourself. Know your purpose for pursuing it, because that's what's going to help carry you through."

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PhD Coursework

Coursework refers to the work undertaken by doctoral students before taking their oral exams. It includes the required courses, original research papers, and certification of language proficiency as described below.

Students admitted to the PhD program will obtain an MA as part of the process of completing coursework towards the PhD.

Course Requirements

Students entering the program with a bachelor’s degree take a total of 16 courses for 64 credits, or roughly 4 classes per semester at 4 credits each. Of these, 14 courses (or 56 credits), including the four required courses that all graduate students must take, consist of seminars, lecture courses, directed research, and directed study taken prior to the Qualifying Oral Examination. The remaining 8 credits are reserved for four semesters of a two-credit Dissertation Workshop course (GRS HI 900) taken after the oral exam.

Note that students entering with an approved Master’s degree from another institution are offered 16 credits of transfer courses, or the equivalent of 4 courses; instead of 56 credits, they are expected to take 40 credits prior to taking the Qualifying Oral Examination.

So that our graduates can participate fully in the historical profession, the Department of History familiarizes graduate students with historiographical and methodological paradigms in fields beyond their own area of expertise. All students in the PhD program (including students who have earned an MA at another institution) are thus required to take the following four courses in their first year of graduate study:

• GRS HI 800: European Historiography
• GRS HI 850: American Historiography
• GRS HI 870: African Historiography
• GRS HI 801: The Historian’s Craft

HI 800, 850, and 870 are reading and research courses on historiographical issues and approaches in the areas where the department has special strengths. In contrast, The Historian’s Craft (HI 801) is a research seminar designed to help students move from the original conception of a problem to a publishable article.

Note students must take the historiography courses (HI 800, 850, or 870) in their first year, alongside HI 801, which is offered every year in the spring semester.

• PhD students may take selected courses (numbered at the 500 level) that are open to undergraduates toward their degree requirements. Students are also permitted to take two graduate level courses in relevant disciplines other than history. These courses must be selected in consultation with the student’s advisor. Moreover, PhD students are encouraged to take Directed Reading and Directed Research Studies with their advisors and other faculty members of their choice.
• Students may also take approved courses within the Boston Consortium. Normally these courses are selected in consultation with the student’s advisor and respective Consortium faculty.
• Note that a grade of B or lower counts as a failing grade. Students who fail two classes or whose GPA falls below 3.3 will automatically be placed on academic probation, which is considered in violation of the definition of “satisfactory academic progress” described here . Academic probation will endanger their funding.
• After completing all other course requirements and the qualifying examination, every doctoral student is required to complete four semesters of a two-credit Dissertation Workshop course (GRS HI 900). The eight credits count toward the 64-credit requirement for PhD students. This course, presided over by a departmental faculty member, meets every two weeks for a presentation of a significant work or research related to the dissertation by a current graduate student, a roundtable discussion on an important research issue, or a topic relating to a career in college teaching. Although students in Boston are expected to attend the course regularly, students need not be in residence to enroll in HI 900. However, every dissertation student must present their research once a year, either in person or by some other means when appropriate.

Original Research Papers

Every doctoral student must write two major research papers between 25 and 40 pages. Students with an approved master’s degree from another institution are required to complete only one major research paper. The papers must be based on primary sources and meet professional standards of documentation, citation, argument, and structure. The paper completed in HI 801: The Historian’s Craft qualifies as one of the research papers. The second paper may be developed in a research seminar or directed research study. A copy of each paper must be approved by the student’s advisor and then submitted to the Director of Graduate Studies to determine if it meets these requirements. Approved papers remain in the student’s file. Students may not schedule their oral examination without having completed this requirement.

Language Requirements

The Department aims at graduating world-class scholars capable of conducting research in languages other than English. Students working in African, Asian, and European history must conduct primary research in languages other than English. But given that significant secondary literature is produced outside the English-speaking world, the Department believes that it is important for all of our doctoral students, including Americanists, to demonstrate a genuine ability to read research in foreign languages.  To this end, we require that doctoral candidates in United States history and Asian history demonstrate a graduate-level reading knowledge in one relevant foreign language, and doctoral candidates in European and African history demonstrate a graduate-level reading knowledge in two relevant foreign languages. In exceptional circumstances, doctoral candidates in European history may petition for exemption from the two-language requirement.

Students can demonstrate reading proficiency in a foreign language in one of three ways:

• Language examinations. Students are given an excerpt from a scholarly text and asked to translate as much as they can as accurately as they can into good English (a dictionary is permitted). These exams are administered during the semester in consultation with the Director of Graduate Studies. Exams must be scheduled with an administrator at least 2 weeks in advance.
• Language courses. The Department of Romance Studies offers reading courses for graduate students in French (GRS LF 621), Italian (GRS LI 621), and Spanish (GRS LS 621). The Department of World Languages & Literatures offers a reading course for graduate students in German (GRS LG 621). Passing one of these reading courses fulfills the department’s requirement for the language in question. Note that these courses may not be taken for credit toward the degree.
• Prior graduate school certification. If the candidate has passed a reading examination at another accredited graduate school and submits evidence to that effect to the Director of Graduate Studies, the departmental requirement will be waived in most instances.

PhD Students Who Have Already Earned an MA

Incoming PhD students who have already earned an MA receive the following credit upon approval:

• 16 credits toward the 64 credits required to advance to candidacy ( Note: please see the Department Administrator for details ).
• Credit for one of the research papers upon submission of the relevant document to the Director of Graduate Studies. It is worth noting that most students usually write two papers, one in the required course HI 801 and one through a directed study with their advisor.
• Credit for proficiency in one foreign language if certified by another accredited graduate school, contingent on the approval of the Director of Graduate Studies.

Ph.D. Coursework

The Faculty of the College of Engineering recommends a minimum number of courses for students in the Ph.D. program.  The EECS Department requires that a student, with the approval of their advisor, must choose courses to establish a major subject area, 1 minor subject area, and either two courses for an outside minor or two elective courses (one free and one outside EECS). The minimum number of units to complete the requirement must be at least 24 semester units.  In addition, students will also need to complete  prelim breadth courses .  The courses used in the prelim breadth requirement may be eligible to double count in the major, minor, or electives.

At the discretion of the Vice Chair or Head Graduate Advisor for EECS Graduate Matters, students may receive credit for some units (a maximum of 12 semester units) taken at a comparable institution. Students would need to fill out the Transfer Credit Petition , find a faculty at UC Berkeley to assess the comparison of the courses, then return the form to the staff Graduate Adviser for final review and approval with the Vice Chair. Please note that the approved transfer credits will be used for department purposes and will not appear in the official Berkeley transcript.

Graduate courses used for the Berkeley M.S. degree may be included as part of the Ph.D. coursework. Students may also transfer in coursework taken during their undergraduate career as long as the course was not used towards their undergraduate degree.  These courses must be at least upper division undergraduate or graduate courses.

More details of the Ph.D. coursework can be found in the Graduate Handbook . Students can also view Examples of Previously Approved Courses for EECS students.

There are two issues which students should consider when choosing specific courses for the minor:

• adequate technical content in the minor, and
• adequate breadth provided by the minor, as distinct from the major area.

Students that entered the Ph.D. program in fall 2020 and before, may choose to complete either Plan 1 or Plan 2 for the coursework requirements.

Ph.D. candidates entering in fall 2021 and beyond will be required to follow Plan 2.

Major (all grad (200 level) courses): 12+ units, 3.5+ GPA

Inside Minor (at least 1 grad (200 level) course): 6+ units, 3.0+ GPA

Outside Minor (at least 1 grad (200 level) course): 6+ units, 3.0+ GPA

Minor (at least 1 grad (200 level) course): 6+ units, 3.0+ GPA

Elective courses (at least 100 level): one free elective (any department, any area except for the major) and one outside EECS elective (not in the major and not listed as EECS), 3+ units for each course, 3.0+ GPA

Some things to consider:

• The Minor program must have an orientation different from the major program, and the courses involved should contain concepts not present in the major program.
• The Inside Minor may include one or more classes from outside the EECS department.
• The Inside Minor program must have depth (meaning at least 3 units of graduate course work of the 6 units required).
• The Outside Minor program must consist mainly of courses from outside the EECS Department (at most one course may be cross-listed within EECS).
• The Minors and each of the Elective Courses must have at least a 3.0+ grade point average.
• All courses must be taken for a letter grade (with the exception of courses that may have been taken in spring 2020 due to the Covid-19 accommodations).
• A minimum of 24 semester units must be completed.
• Courses in 298, 299, 301, 375 and 602 units do not count towards the requirement.

These course criteria attempt to constitute a body of knowledge and include courses from several different departments. For example, a student in computer hardware who wishes to have a minor in statistics and stochastic processes could include courses from the Statistics Department, as well as EE 226A.

There are cases where the technical overlap between EECS courses and courses in other departments is so great that a course in another department should be listed as part of the major, rather than as a minor, since they add so little breadth to your program. Examples of this sort of overlap would be Electromagnetics students in EECS taking certain EM courses in Physics or CS Theory students taking some of the theory courses in IEOR. These complications make it essential for students to fill out their Blue Card in the Graduate Office as soon as they have passed the preliminary exam requirement.

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What Does 'PhD' Stand For?

• Posted On: Thu Nov 02 2023
• Posted By: Khim Panthi

In academia and advanced education, the abbreviation 'PhD' is often considered a prestigious qualification, marking the culmination of years of rigorous study and research. But what exactly does 'PhD' stand for? 

A PhD represents the highest academic achievement and is usually sought by individuals aiming for careers in academia or research. Although it bears the title "Doctor of Philosophy," it doesn't exclusively pertain to philosophy but signifies the profound knowledge acquired in any discipline. While earning a Ph.D. in philosophy is possible, this degree extends across various fields like science and economics. The term "Philosophy," in its Greek origin, conveys a love for wisdom and a dedication to in-depth subject comprehension. 

Pursuing a Ph.D. is typically for those wanting to maximize their educational attainment, as it marks a significant commitment to scholarly expertise. This article delves deeper into essential aspects of the PhD, aiding individuals in deciding if it aligns with their aspirations.

In this article, we will delve into the world of doctoral degrees, uncover the meaning of 'PhD,' and explore the intricacies of this revered qualification.

Earning a 'PhD'

Earning a 'PhD' is a rigorous and demanding process that typically involves several key steps:

• Coursework: Doctoral candidates usually start with coursework to build a solid foundation in their field of study.
• Comprehensive Examinations: After completing coursework, candidates must pass comprehensive exams to demonstrate their knowledge of the subject.
• Dissertation Proposal: Perhaps the most critical phase, students must develop and defend a dissertation proposal. This proposal outlines the research they intend to undertake.
• Research and Dissertation Writing: The heart of a 'PhD' program involves conducting original research and writing a dissertation, which contributes to the body of knowledge in their field.
• Dissertation Defense: Candidates must present and defend their dissertation before a committee of experts in their field.
• Publication: Successful PhD candidates are often encouraged to publish their research in reputable journals, adding to the collective knowledge of their discipline.
• Graduation: Candidates are awarded the 'Doctor of Philosophy' degree upon completing all these steps.

Global Variations

While the term 'PhD' is widely recognized internationally, the structure and requirements of doctoral programs can vary significantly from one country to another. Here are some notable global variations:

• United States: In the United States, a 'PhD' often includes coursework, comprehensive exams, and a significant research component, culminating in the dissertation. The duration can vary but typically spans 5 to 7 years.
• United Kingdom: In the UK, doctoral programs usually consist of a shorter research period, often around 3 to 4 years, with less emphasis on coursework. Students are expected to produce a thesis demonstrating a significant contribution to their field.
• Germany: In Germany, a 'PhD' is known as a 'Doktor' and is often earned after completing a rigorous research project and passing an oral examination. German doctorates are highly regarded globally.
• France: In France, the 'Ph.D.' is referred to as 'Doctor,' it is typically awarded after three years of research and the successful defense of a thesis.

'Ph.D.' vs. Other Doctoral Degrees

While the 'PhD' is perhaps the most well-known doctoral degree, several other types of doctoral qualifications are tailored to specific fields or professional contexts. Here are a few notable examples:

• Doctor of Medicine (MD): This degree is awarded to medical doctors. It focuses on clinical skills and medical knowledge, often involving internships and residencies.
• Doctor of Education (EdD): Geared toward educators and administrators, the EdD emphasizes educational leadership and policy.
• Doctor of Engineering (EngD): This is for engineering professionals and focuses on industry-relevant research and problem-solving.
• Doctor of Psychology (PsyD): The PsyD is for those interested in a clinical psychology career, emphasizing practical skills and therapy.
• Doctor of Juridical Science (SJD): This is a research-focused degree for legal scholars, akin to the 'PhD' but in law.

The Benefits of a 'PhD' Degree

Earning a 'PhD' is a significant investment of time and effort, but it offers numerous benefits, both personally and professionally:

• Expertise and Research Skills: A 'PhD' equips individuals with advanced expertise and research skills, making them valuable contributors to their fields.
• Teaching and Academia: Many PhD graduates pursue careers in academia, becoming university professors and researchers.
• Industry and Innovation: 'Ph.D. holders are also sought after in industry, where their research and problem-solving abilities can drive innovation.
• Leadership Roles: The advanced knowledge and critical thinking skills gained during a 'Ph.D.' program make graduates attractive candidates for leadership positions.
• Personal Fulfillment: Pursuing a 'Ph.D.' is often driven by a deep passion for a subject, and achieving it is a source of immense personal satisfaction.

Challenges of Pursuing a 'PhD'

While the 'PhD' is a prestigious qualification, it comes with its set of challenges:

• Lengthy Commitment: A 'Ph.D. program can take several years to complete, which can be mentally and financially taxing.
• Financial Costs: Pursuing a 'PhD' can be expensive, as it often involves tuition, living expenses, and research costs.
• Work-Life Balance: The demands of a 'Ph.D. program can strain work-life balance and personal relationships.
• Job Market Competition: While a 'Ph.D. opens doors to many opportunities, the job market for academic positions can be highly competitive.
• Mental Health: The stress and pressure of completing a PhD can impact candidates' mental health.

The Future of 'PhDs'

The landscape of academia and research is continually evolving. As technology and globalization reshape the world, the role and relevance of 'PhDs' are also adapting. Here are some key considerations regarding the future of 'PhDs':

Interdisciplinary Research: The boundaries between traditional academic disciplines are becoming increasingly porous. 'PhDs' who can engage in interdisciplinary research are likely in high demand. Collaborative efforts across different fields can lead to innovative solutions to complex problems.

Research Ethics and Open Science: The academic community is increasingly emphasizing research ethics, transparency, and open science. 'PhDs' must be well-versed in these areas, ensuring their work adheres to high ethical standards and is accessible to a broader audience.

Global Collaboration: With the ease of international communication and collaboration, 'PhDs' are encouraged to engage with researchers worldwide. This global perspective can lead to diverse insights and a broader impact on research.

Diversification of Career Paths: 'PhDs' increasingly pursue careers outside academia. Their analytical, research, and problem-solving skills are valued in various industries, from technology and finance to government and healthcare.

Adaptive Learning Environments: Advances in online education and digital learning platforms are reshaping how 'PhD' programs are delivered. This can increase accessibility and flexibility for aspiring researchers.

Sustainability and Social Impact: The focus on sustainability and social impact is growing. 'PhDs' who can contribute to solving global challenges, such as climate change and healthcare disparities, are highly sought after.

Research Funding and Collaboration: The availability of research funding and collaboration opportunities can significantly impact the 'PhD' research trajectory. Staying informed about grant opportunities and networking with potential collaborators is crucial.

Tips for Aspiring 'PhD' Candidates

If you are considering pursuing a 'PhD,' here are some tips to help you navigate this challenging but rewarding journey:

• Choose Your Field Wisely: Select a field of study you are genuinely passionate about. A 'PhD' is a long-term commitment, so being enthusiastic about your research topic is essential.
• Research Programs: Investigate 'Ph.D. programs at various universities and countries to find the one that aligns with your goals, interests, and preferred research methodologies.
• Seek Funding: Look for scholarships, grants, and assistantships to help finance your 'PhD.' Securing funding can ease the financial burden.
• Mentorship: Identify potential advisors or mentors who can guide your research and provide valuable support throughout your 'PhD' journey.
• Time Management: Develop practical time management skills to balance coursework, research, and personal life. Setting realistic goals and maintaining a healthy work-life balance is essential for long-term success.
• Collaborate and Network: Build relationships with fellow students, professors, and professionals in your field. Collaboration and networking can open up research opportunities and career prospects.
• Stay Informed: Keep up-to-date with the latest developments in your field. Reading academic journals, attending conferences, and engaging in discussions will help you remain at the forefront of your discipline.

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What is a Coursework in Phd?

During the coursework, students will conduct original research or conduct supervised research. The exact nature of coursework in Phd varies from one program to another. It could be theoretical coursework or it could be actual research. For example, in a dissertation that has been completed, the students will need to present their findings in a scholarly style and manner suitable to the particular field of study. The dissertations are read by a faculty member, other doctoral candidates, and members of the research panel.

When we talk about what is a coursework in Phd, it means the research materials that have been prepared for the students. They are referred to as coursework and the materials can include research papers, readings, field trips, and class notes. Most students begin their Ph.D. by completing coursework and they are able to take their final examinations after the completion of all coursework. However, some students who wish to accelerate their degrees do not complete all the coursework in their first year of study.

The students are grouped together and are allowed to carry out independent research and they are assisted by faculty members who are experts in their specific area. The work of independent students is carried out under the supervision of the faculty. Most students are able to pursue independent studies in areas that interest them. There are also students who choose to be part of a program where they will be guided by one of the professors.

Students who are part of a program will receive assistance in meeting the requirements needed for independent study. In addition to what is coursework in Phd, some programs offer resources such as reading groups and information sessions which are useful for independent study. There are also workshops that can be used by independent learners and this can be particularly valuable for people who are new to a subject or for those who would like to improve their writing skills. When the student completes the coursework in Phd, they will be able to present their findings at a public presentation.

One of the goals of what is coursework in Phd is to provide support to students as they undertake their independent research projects. Students are able to discuss their coursework with other students and this helps them to identify any problems that they may have encountered along the way. The professor will also be able to give students feedback on their work which is very encouraging for students. They also get valuable feedback on their papers and this is often given by an experienced professor. It is therefore very important that students are supported during their independent research projects and what is the coursework in Phd offers the perfect opportunity to do just that.

Students who are not part of a program will be able to complete what is a coursework in Phd online. An independent study schedule is arranged and students can complete the assignments on their own time. If students wish to take a course at a particular institution, they will have to attend in person and this can be very difficult for busy working individuals. On the other hand, when they arrange what is coursework in Phd online, they are in complete control of the schedule and they are able to complete the assignments at a time that is convenient for them.

Concluding, what is a coursework in Phd has immense advantages for students who wish to earn a Master’s degree without the added stress and pressure associated with attending classes at a traditional university or college. Students get to set their own pace and they are able to work at their own schedule. This means that students can achieve what is coursework in Phd by working their independent schedule.

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COURSE WORK

• a) Course work is mandatory for all the students admitted in Ph.D. Programme.
• b) The course work will have a minimum of 14 credits.
• c) All candidates admitted to the Ph.D. programme will be required to complete the course work prescribed by the university during the initial one or two semesters.
• Course I: Research and Publication Ethics
• Course II: Research Methodology
• Course III: Academic Writing and Presentation Skills
• Course IV: Research Seminar
• e) Minimum 75% Aggregate attendance is mandatory in the course work.
• f) The evaluation parameters will be similar to that of regular programmes of the university.
• g) The minimum passing marks required in course work of Ph.D. programme is 55% aggregate in the individual courses with at-least 40% in final end term examination (Applicable in Course I, Course II and Course IV)
• h) Exemption in course work will be applicable only if scholar has done M.Phil. with 55% or equivalent grade ‘B’ in the UGC 7-point scale through regular mode from LPU or any other recognized university.
• i) Selected scholars will have option to pursue course work in one of the following modes:
• h) The coursework tentative schedule for non-agriculture programmes is available below:

For Full-Time Ph.D. Scholars

Course Work options for Ph.D. Scholars

• 1. The coursework options listed under preference exercised by the scholar will only be offered subject to fulfilment of minimum number of scholars opting for that given option. If an option lacks sufficient interest, it may not be offered, and scholars must choose from the available alternatives.
• 2. For option II classes are to be conducted Thursday to Sunday of every third week of all 4 months.
• 3. Induction programme will be conducted before the start of every coursework option.

Exemption in course work will be applicable only if scholar has done M.Phil. (regular mode) with 55% or equivalent grade ‘B’ in the UGC 7-point scale through regular mode from LPU or any other recognized university.

• a) Course work is mandatory for all the scholars admitted in Ph.D. Programme.
• b) The course work will be of 3 semesters containing 30 credits.
• c) All the scholars need to clear non-credited compulsory courses as prescribed by ICAR norms in case they have not studied these courses in their Bachelor and Master degree. For which School of Agriculture and CRDP needs to coordinate after admissions.
• d) Minimum 75% Aggregate attendance is mandatory in the course work.
• e) The evaluation parameters will be similar to that of regular programmes of the university.
• f) The minimum OGPA required in course work of Ph.D. programme is 6.5 with a minimum grade of 6.0 in the individual courses.
• g) Following coursework options with tentative schedule are available for agriculture programmes:
• 1. The contact hours in all these two options will remain same. If number of Research Scholars in any option is less, then that option may not be offered.
• 2. Induction programme will be conducted before the start of every coursework option.

Selected Research Scholar will have option to pursue course work in one of the following modes and tentative schedule is mentioned below:

• 1. The contact hours in all these three options will remain same. If number of Research Scholars in any option is less, then that option may not be offered.

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PhD Coursework : Latest UGC Guidelines , Syllabus

• by Tanu Bhatnagar
• Published: May 12, 2023, 09:50 IST
• Updated: May 11, 2023, 23:37 IST
• Tanu Bhatnagar
• May 12, 2023

PhD Coursework gives students a thorough grasp of their subject topic and the ability to perform independent research. The University Grants Commission (UGC) of India has published new PhD coursework guidelines and syllabus to improve quality and relevance.

The latest UGC guidelines compel institutions to emphasise interdisciplinary and skill-based courses over subject-specific ones. Besides subject-specific courses, the new syllabus emphasises research techniques, ethics, and critical thinking. The guidelines require colleges to allow students to conduct research and speak at national and international conferences.

These new guidelines and syllabus are designed to enhance PhD coursework in India and develop better researchers with the ability to succeed. This article will examine the latest UGC guidelines and syllabus for PhD coursework and how they are projected to affect Indian research.

Also, read  Top 10 PhD admission exams in India Latest List 2023

Is it mandatory for PhD Scholars to complete coursework?

Absolutely, in accordance latest UGC Guidelines After being admitted into the PhD programmes each student must take a minimum of one semester (six months) of pre-PhD courses. Coursework is a crucial component of any doctorate programme since it lays the groundwork for both the Literature Review and the subject selection processes.

The coursework requirements guarantee that students understand their subject area in depth and breadth. The coursework helps students create a research and dissertation topic. Doctoral candidates might narrow their dissertation interests by completing courses that deepen their knowledge of a field.. The level of specialisation they take in their approach will determine the coursework that they enrol in.

A course on research technique, which may include experimental procedures, quantitative and statistical methods, and computer applications, is required to be taken as part of the course work that will be counted as pre-PhD preparation and will be required to be taken.

Ph. D CourseWork: Latest UGC Guidelines

• According to UGC Regulations 2016: Minimum Standards and Procedure for Award of PhD. Degree, a research scholar admitted to the PhD programme is required to complete coursework for a minimum of one semester.
• During the first one or two semesters, all candidates accepted to the PhD programme must complete the coursework specified by the Department. In the event of maternity, female applicants may be granted a relaxation of two terms or semesters.
• However, if the student is unable to complete the coursework within the prescribed time limit due to valid reasons, the student may file an appeal and the Vice-Chancellor (VC) may grant an extension of up to one semester based on the recommendation of the Appeals Committee (RAC).
• Failure to complete coursework within the extended time frame may result in revocation of admission.
• The Department may exempt candidates from the PhD coursework who already possess an M. Phil degree and have been admitted to the PhD programme, or who have already completed the M.Phil coursework and have been permitted to proceed to the PhD in an integrated course. All other candidates admitted to the PhD programme must complete the PhD coursework stipulated by the Department.
• Seventy-five per cent (75%) attendance is required in coursework classes.
• The coursework should be evaluated using both continuous assessment and a culminating exam.
• The minimum passing grade for each exam is 55 per cent.
• The objective of the UGC guidelines for PhD coursework is to ensure that doctoral candidates have a solid foundation in research methodology and are endowed with the skills necessary to conduct research in their chosen area of specialisation.

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Ph. D CourseWork: Syllabus of General Subjects

PAPER – I RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Unit I : Scientific Research and Approaches to Study Social Phenomena

This unit focuses on the meaning and nature of science, the characteristics of scientific research, and the types of research methods. It also covers the nature of social phenomena, approaches to study social phenomena and ethics of social research.

Unit II : Problem Formation, Research Topic, and Hypothesis

This unit covers problem formation and selection of research topics, sources for selecting research topics, types of variables and their selection, research objectives and purpose, types of research questions and their characteristics, types of hypothesis, and formulation and testing of hypothesis.

Unit III : Research Design and Planning

This unit covers the meaning and types of research design, the advantages of designing research, stages for outlining a research proposal and planning for a good research project.

Unit IV: Sampling Techniques

This unit covers the purposes and principles of sampling, types of sampling and sample size, qualitative and quantitative approaches, and principles of PRA and FRA techniques.

PAPER – II: COMPUTER APPLICATION

Unit I: Data Collection Techniques

This unit covers methods and techniques of data collection, sources of data collection (primary and secondary), schedule and questionnaire, observation, interview, group discussion and key-informant interview, case study, survey, content analysis and projective techniques.

Unit II: Data Processing and Analysis

This unit covers data processing and distribution, tabulation of data, diagrammatic representation, and statistical manipulation of data including frequency of distribution, measures of central tendency, measures of dispersion, comparison, correlation analysis, regression analysis, and chi-square test.

Unit III : Basic Computer Studies

This unit provides an overview of computer applications.

Unit IV: Computer Application: SPSS

This unit covers an introduction to SPSS software, data entry and manipulation using SPSS, and data analysis using SPSS.

Finally, the recent UGC guidelines and syllabus for PhD coursework will improve doctoral education in India. The guidelines emphasise multidisciplinary and skill-based courses to provide PhD students with a wide variety of abilities and knowledge for their professions. By requiring research involvement and conference presentations, the guidelines encourage students to do research and share their results, helping India’s research ecosystem thrive.

The current UGC guidelines and syllabus for PhD coursework are a great step towards strengthening doctoral education in India, and their proper implementation may help develop better researchers who are skilled in their domains.

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Meet Tanu Bhatnagar, an educational expert with extensive experience in teaching, research and mentoring.With a decade in... (Full bio)

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abbreviation or noun

Definition of phd, examples of phd in a sentence.

These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'PhD.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback about these examples.

Word History

New Latin philosophiae doctor

1839, in the meaning defined above

Dictionary Entries Near PhD

Cite this entry.

“PhD.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary , Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/PhD. Accessed 9 Apr. 2024.

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