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Radiology Dissertation topics – Based on Latest Study and Research

Published by Ellie Cross at December 29th, 2022 , Revised On August 16, 2023

A dissertation is an essential part of the radiology curriculum for an MD, DNB, or DMRD degree programme. Dissertations in radiology can be very tricky and challenging due to the complexity of the subject.

Students must conduct thorough research to develop a first-class dissertation that makes a valuable contribution to the file of radiology. The first step is to choose a well-defined and clear research topic for the dissertation.

We have provided some interesting and focused ideas to help you get started. Choose one that motivates so you don’t lose your interest in the research work half way through the process. 

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List of Radiology Dissertation Topics

  • The use of computed tomography and positron emission tomography in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer
  • MRI diffusion tensor imaging is used to evaluate the traumatic spinal injury
  • Analyzing digital colour and subtraction in comparison patients with occlusive arterial disorders and doppler
  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging is essential for ensuring the security of brain tumour surgery
  • Doppler uterine artery preeclampsia prediction
  • Utilizing greyscale and doppler ultrasonography to assess newborn cholestasis
  • MRI’s reliability in detecting congenital anorectal anomalies
  • Multivessel research on intrauterine growth restriction (arterial, venous) doppler speed
  • Perfusion computed tomography is used to evaluate cerebral blood flow, blood volume, and vascular permeability for brain neoplasms
  • In post-radiotherapy treated gliomas, compare perfusion magnetic resonance imaging with magnetic resonance spectroscopy to identify recurrence
  • Using multidetector computed tomography, pediatric retroperitoneal masses are evaluated. Tomography
  • Female factor infertility: the role of three-dimensional multidetector CT hysterosalpingography
  • Combining triphasic computed tomography with son elastography allows for assessing localized liver lesions
  • Analyzing the effects of magnetic resonance imaging and transperineally ultrasonography on female urinary stress incontinence
  • Using dynamic contrast-enhanced and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, evaluate endometrial lesions
  • For the early diagnosis of breast lesions, digital breast tomosynthesis and contrast-enhanced digital mammography are also available
  • Using magnetic resonance imaging and colour doppler flow, assess portal hypertension
  • Magnesium resonance imaging enables the assessment of musculoskeletal issues
  • Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging is a crucial diagnostic technique for neoplastic or inflammatory brain lesions
  • Children with chest ailments that are HIV-infected and have a radiological spectrum high-resolution ultrasound for childhood neck lumps
  • Ultrasonography is useful when determining the causes of pelvic discomfort in the first trimester
  • Magnetic resonance imaging is used to evaluate diseases of the aorta or its branches. Angiography’s function
  • Children’s pulmonary nodules can be distinguished between benign and malignant using high-resolution ct
  • Research on multidetector computed urography for treating diseases of the urinary tract
  • The evaluation of the ulnar nerve in leprosy patients involves significantly high-resolution sonography
  • Utilizing computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, radiologists evaluate musculoskeletal tumours that are malignant and locally aggressive before surgery
  • The function of MRI and ultrasonography in acute pelvic inflammatory disorders
  • Ultrasonography is more efficient than computed tomographic arthrography for evaluating shoulder discomfort
  • For patients with blunt abdominal trauma, multidetector computed tomography is a crucial tool
  • Compound imaging and expanded field-of-view sonography in the evaluation of breast lesions
  • Focused pancreatic lesions are assessed using multidetector CT and perfusion ct
  • Ct virtual laryngoscopy is used to evaluate laryngeal masses
  • In the liver masses, triple phase multidetector computed tomography
  • The effect of increasing the volume of brain tumours on patient survival
  • Colonic lesions can be diagnosed using perfusion computed tomography
  • A role for proton MRI spectroscopy in the diagnosis and management of temporal lobe epilepsy
  • Functions of multidetector CT and doppler ultrasonography in assessing peripheral arterial disease
  • There is a function for multidetector computed tomography in paranasal sinus illness
  • In neonates with an anorectal malformation, transperineal ultrasound
  • Using multidetector CT, comprehensive imaging of an acute ischemic stroke is performed
  • The diagnosis of intrauterine neurological congenital disorders requires the use of fetal MRI
  • Children with chest masses may benefit from multidetector computed angiography
  • Multimodal imaging for the evaluation of palpable and non-palpable breast lesions
  • As measured by sonography and relation to fetal outcome, fetal nasal bone length at 11–28 gestational days
  • Relationship between bone mineral density, diffusion-weighted MRI imaging, and vertebral marrow fat in postmenopausal women
  • A comparison of the traditional catheter and CT coronary imaging angiogram of the heart
  • Evaluation of the descending colon’s length and diameter using ultrasound in normal and intrauterine-restricted fetuses
  • Investigation of the hepatic vein waveform in liver cirrhosis prospectively. A connection to child pugh’s categorization
  • Functional assessment of coronary artery bypass graft patency in symptomatic patients using CT angiography
  • MRI and MRI arthrography evaluation of the labour-ligamentous complex lesion in the shoulder
  • The evaluation of soft tissue vascular abnormalities involves imaging
  • Colour doppler ultrasound and high-resolution ultrasound for scrotal lesions
  • Comparison of low-dose computed tomography and ultrasonography with colour doppler for diagnosing salivary gland disorders
  • The use of multidetector CT to diagnose lesions of the salivary glands
  • Low dose CT venogram and sonography comparison for evaluating varicose veins: a pilot study
  • Comparison of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and triple phase CT in patients with liver cirrhosis
  • Carotid intima-media thickness and coronary artery disease are examined in individuals with coronary angiography for suspected CAD
  • Unenhanced computed tomography assessment of hepatic fat levels in fatty liver disease
  • Bone mineral density in postmenopausal women and vertebral marrow fat on spectroscopic and diffusion-weighted MRI images are correlated
  • Evaluation of CT coronary angiography against traditional catheter coronary angiography in comparison
  • “High-frequency ultrasonography and colour doppler evaluation of the median nerve in carpal tunnel syndrome in contrast to nerve conduction tests”
  • Role of MR urethrography in the surgical therapy of obliterative urethral stricture compared to conventional urethrography
  • “High resolution computed tomography evaluation of the temporal bone in cholesteatoma patients.”
  • “Ultrasonographic assessment of sore shoulders and linkage of clinical examination and rotator cuff diseases”
  • “A Study to Evaluate the Performance of Magnetization Transfer Ratio in Distinguishing Neurocysticercosis from Tuberculoma”

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Final Words

You can use or get inspired by our selection of the best radiology diss. You can also check our list of critical care nursing dissertation topics and biology dissertation topics because these areas also relate to the discipline of medical sciences.

Choosing an impactful radiology dissertation topic is a daunting task. There is a lot of patience, time and effort that goes into the whole process. However, we have tried to simplify it for you by providing a list of amazing and unique radiology dissertation topics for you. We hope you find this blog helpful.

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Radiography Dissertation Topics

Radiography is the scientific technology of producing images of internal body organs and tissues. This revolutionary imaging technique of science has been widely used to diagnose issues of a body’s internal structure. Radiography is a helpful field for the medical diagnosis that requires extensive research. Students need to find exciting and up-to-date radiography dissertation topics . 

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List of Latest Radiography Research Topics 2024

Top thesis topics in radiography topics 2024, trending research topics in radiography dissertation topics, a methodical approach to choose a good radiography dissertation topic.

Selecting radiology research topics involves a methodical approach. Start by identifying your specific interests within radiography, such as diagnostic imaging, radiation therapy, or advancements in technology. Formulate a clear research aim and methodology, ensuring a focused and insightful exploration of your chosen area to contribute meaningfully to the field of radiography.

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Best Radiography Dissertation Topics 2023

A lot of elements have to be considered while forming a dissertation. The careful selection of a dissertation topic is one of the main elements among them. The fate of your radiography dissertation depends upon your selected dissertation topic.

Factors You Must Consider While Selecting Radiography Dissertation Topics:

Detailed images of internal body structures are formed by using innovative medical imaging techniques and this process is known as radiography. There are multiple factors that need to be considered while selecting radiography dissertation topics, including;

  • The radiology research topics must have scope for extensive research conduction. It must have a large body of content that can be explored.
  • Your selected topic must be original and exclusive.
  • The radiography dissertation topic must have its necessary dependent and independent variables.
  • Your topic must be feasible and have practical implications for the respective field.
  • The selected topic for your radiography dissertation must be clear and direct.

Get Your Customized Dissertation Topic By Our Experts

Exclusive radiography research topics for uk students:.

Radiography is an extensive field that covers a broad range of topics varying from radiation therapy to diagnostic radiography dissertation ideas. Some of the exclusive radiography topics that can be used for your dissertation topics include:

Multi-detector computed tomographic features of abdominal hernias:

Among the list of diagnostic radiology research topics, this topic aims to examine the multidetector computed tomographic characteristics of abdominal hernias. The emphasis is laid on enhancing the precision of diagnosis and investigating the possible implications for patient care.

Objectives:

  • To evaluate the Sensitivity and Specificity of MDCT in Abdominal Hernia Diagnosis.
  • To characterize Morphological Variations in Abdominal Hernias Using MDCT.
  • To assess the Role of MDCT in Predicting Complications and Recurrences.

Role of functional magnetic resonance imaging in making brain tumor surgery safer

While looking for radiography research ideas, you can use this approach to assess preoperative functional mapping accuracy, the impact of fMRI-guided surgical planning on patient outcomes, and the use of this technology in the context of brain tumor surgery.

  • Evaluate the Accuracy and Reliability of fMRI in Mapping Brain Function.
  • Assess the Role of fMRI in Preserving Critical Brain Functions.
  • Investigate the Use of fMRI in Identifying and Preserving Functional Connectivity Networks.

Comprehensive Analysis of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in IV Iodinated Contrast-Enhanced Imaging Studies

Within the framework of diagnostic radiography research topics that make use of intravenous iodinated contrast agents, this topic focuses on the evaluation of contrast-induced nephropathy. In diagnostic radiology, improving patient safety entails examining possible risk factors and figuring out practical preventive measures.

  • Evaluate the Incidence and Risk Factors of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy.
  • Explore Monitoring Techniques for Early Detection of CIN.
  • Examine Patient Education and Informed Consent Regarding CIN.

Evaluation of Airway Diseases: A Contrast Between Multi-Detector CT Virtual Tracheo-Bronchoscopy and Fiberoptic Tracheo-Bronchoscopy

This aim of this topic can be set as the provision of a detailed comparison between fiberoptic tracheobronchoscopy and virtual tracheobronchoscopy in the evaluation of airway disorders. This comparison can be done by using a multi-detector computed tomography. The study intends to examine the diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility of each modality to optimize diagnostic strategies for patients with airway diseases.

  • Assess the Role of MDCT Virtual Tracheo-Bronchoscopy in Lesion Characterization.
  • Examine Patient Comfort and Safety.
  • Provide Recommendations for Optimal Diagnostic Approaches in Airway Diseases.

Assessment of aortic aneurysms in radiography patients chosen for endovascular repair

Among different radiography research ideas, this topic seeks to do a comprehensive radiological assessment of individuals chosen for endovascular repair in order to identify aortic aneurysms. In order to enhance patient outcomes and safety, the study attempts to evaluate the efficacy and dependability of different radiological imaging modalities in preoperative planning, sizing, and directing endovascular procedures for aortic aneurysms.

  • Compare CTA with Other Imaging Modalities for Aneurysm Evaluation.
  • Assess the Role of 3D Reconstruction in Preoperative Planning.
  • Analyze the Accuracy of CTA in Predicting Aortic Aneurysm Rupture Risk.

Assessing the Imaging Methods on the Reduction of Paediatric Radiation Dose

the aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of advanced imaging methods in reducing radiation dose experience in paediatric radiography.

  • To examine the current use of advanced imaging approaches in paediatric radiology.
  • To quantify the reduction of radiation dose obtained through advanced imaging methods.
  • To emphasis on the influence of decreased radiation exposure on diagnostic accuracy and image quality in paediatric patients.

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Role of artificial intelligence in radiographic interpretation.

the aim is to identify the potential limitations and benefits of using artificial intelligence (AI) for radiographic interpretation.

  • To emphasis on the current studies on the applications of Artificial Intelligence in radiography.
  • To build an Artificial intelligence model for radiographic interpretation as well as assess its performance.
  • To examine the experience and perception of radiologists regarding AI-supported radiography.

Radiation Safety Compliance and Protocols in Interventional Radiology Process

the aim is to evaluate the adherence and implementation to radiation safety protocols in interventional radiology processes.

  • To investigate the existing radiation safety protocols and guidelines in interventional radiology.
  • To conduct the exploratory analysis based on interventional radiology experts to assess their compliance and awareness with safety protocols.
  • To suggest the strategies and policies for improving radiation safety process in interventional radiology.

Usage of Virtual Reality Simulants for Radiography Training.

The aim is to examine the usefulness of virtual reality (VR) simulants as a training tool for radiography students.

  • To discuss the term based on virtual reality simulants for radiography training.
  • To evaluate challenges faced in VR simulator on radiography student confidence and skills.
  • To identify the strategies for mitigating the challenges faced in VR simulator to those educated using conventional techniques.

Optimising Image Quality within CT “Computed Tomography” Angiography

the purpose is to optimise the image quality while reducing radiation dose in CT angiography processes.

  • To emphasis on the factors impacting radiation dose and image quality in CT angiography.
  • To build the techniques and strategies to improve image quality.
  • To assess the influence of optimised guidelines on diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes.

Radiographic for Health of Bone in Geriatric Patients

the aim is to evaluate the role of radiography in monitoring and diagnosing bone health in geriatric patients.

  • To review the current radiographic approaches for evaluating bone health in elderly people.
  • To conduct a longitudinal research to monitor changes in bone quality and density in a geriatric people.
  • To compare the efficiency of radiography to other imaging modalities in detecting bone-associated conditions among elder people.

Radiation Dose Reduction Approaches in Paediatric Fluoroscopy

The purpose is to assess and develop the radiation dose reduction approaches in paediatric fluoroscopy processes.

  • To examine the current levels of radiation dose in paediatric fluoroscopy processes.
  • To adopt the techniques based on radiation dose reduction and evaluate their efficiency and effectiveness.
  • To assess the effect of dose reduction on patient safety and image quality in paediatric fluoroscopy.

Radiography in Emergency Medical Settings: Enhancing Accuracy and Efficiency

the aim is to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of radiographic examinations in emergency medical settings.

  • To explore the common bottlenecks and challenges in emergency radiography workflows.
  • To adopt the technology enhancements and process improvement to streamline the process of radiographic.
  • To assess the influence of these improvement on health care resource use and patient outcomes.

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The Role of Radiography for Cancer Treatment

The aim is to evaluate the contribution of radiography to treatment planning and cancer staging.

  • To emphasis on the current guidelines and practices for using radiography in cancer staging and diagnosis.
  • To analyse the relation between treatment outcomes and radiographic findings among cancer patients.
  • To suggest the strategies and policies for optimising the incorporation of radiography into the pathways of cancer care.

Radiographer Burnout and Wellbeing: Mitigation Strategies and its Causes

The aim is to determine the causes of radiographer burnout and generate strategies for mitigating its influences.

  • To conduct a survey in identifying the factors affecting to burnout in radiographers.
  • To support mechanisms and implement interventions to deal with burnout issues.
  • To assess the effectiveness and efficiency of these intervention to improve the job satisfaction and wellbeing of radiographer.

How Professional Formulate Effective Radiography Dissertation Ideas:

You can find radiography dissertation examples from online platforms for a certain amount of guidance. But; the kind of dissertation help that a student can get from a professional writing platform is unmatched. When professional writers execute radiology dissertation projects for you, they;

  • They originate an exclusive radiography dissertation topic from the list of radiography research topics for students.
  • They formulate compelling research objectives that are clear and concise.
  • They execute quality content that is extensively researched, carefully analyzed, and critically evaluated.
  • They accurately incorporate the references and strictly abide by the rules of academic guidelines.
  • They use proficient language and exceptional writing style to make the project more comprehensive.

Frequently Asked Questions

How do i choose a thesis for my radiology.

The first thing that you must consider is the selection of a suitable radiology dissertation topic for your thesis project. An appropriate radiology topic will set the tone of your whole project and will decide the fate of your dissertation.

What is the topic of radiography?

A topic or subject of radiography is all about the use of radiological techniques to create diagnostic images of the internal; body structures. This field provides valuable information for diagnosis and monitoring purposes.

What type of research is radiology?

Radiology explores different aspects of medical imaging and diagnostic techniques. This is why; multiple types of research are needed to reach the results varying from clinical research to technical research to translational research, etc.

Which country is best for radiography?

The United States offers high-quality research programs and training opportunities for students in the field of radiography. It provides access to advanced imaging technologies and offers perfect professional opportunities.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Radiology and radiologists'

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Consult the top 39 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Radiology and radiologists.'

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Mabry, Michael R. "A demand model of physician membership in the American College of Radiology." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06232009-063208/.

Rabenius, Michaela. "Deep Learning-based Lung Triage for Streamlining the Workflow of Radiologists." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Medie- och Informationsteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-160537.

Savičiūtė, Rasa. "Medicinos personalo (gydytojų radiologų ir radiologijos laborantų), informuotumo apie gaunamą pacientų apšvitą ir radiacinę saugą tyrimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20101125_185247-37918.

池田, 充., Mitsuru Ikeda, 茂樹 伊藤, Shigeki Ito, 武男 石垣, Takeo Ishigaki, Kazunobu Yamauchi, and 一信 山内. "Evaluation of a neural network classifier for pancreatic masses based on CT findings." Elsevier, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/5311.

池田, 充., Mitsuru Ikeda, 武男 石垣, Takeo Ishigaki, 一信 山内, and Kazunobu Yamauchi. "Estimation of the size of the media necessary to construct a medical image database." Elsevier, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/5312.

Massad, Laila. "Desempenho diagnóstico e mapeamento cognitivo cerebral de radiologistas veterinários através de um sistema computacional." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-18122008-095704/.

Axbåge, Daniel, and Johanna Werner. "Mobil Radiologi : Radiologins Roll i Samhället." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Radiologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-287355.

Al‐Abbadi, Tabarik. "Radiology Reporting Preferences of Non‐Radiologist Ordering Clinicians: Prose? Do you even list?" Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623185.

Zdunek, Eliza, and Lorin Demir. "Tecken på barnmisshandel : En litteraturstudie om radiologiska fynd som kan indikera barnmisshandel." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för omvårdnad, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-135007.

Wiberg, Elin, and Cecilia Baltsén. "Röntgensjuksköterskans upplevelse av att arbeta med externa granskare under jourtid : En kvalitativ intervjustudie." Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ, Avd. för naturvetenskap och biomedicin, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-36471.

Baltsén, Cecilia, and Elin Wiberg. "Röntgensjuksköterskans upplevelse av att arbeta med externa granskare under jourtid : En kvalitativ intervjustudie." Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ, Avd. för naturvetenskap och biomedicin, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-36638.

Meškauskaitė, Kristina. "Kauno miesto asmens sveikatos priežiūros įstaigų radiologijos skyriuose dirbančių darbuotojų darbo aplinkos ir sveikatos tyrimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080619_145317-17466.

Persson, Emma, and Tran Mylina van. "Förutsättningar för artificiell intelligens i sjukvård - Med fokus på framtida arbetssätt i radiologisk praxis." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20652.

Ferreira, Lorena Marques. "An?lise cefalom?trica: ortodontistas x radiologistas." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2015. http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/20074.

Broke, Carolin, and Ida Norström. "Röntgensjuksköterskans bemötande av barn med autismspektrumtillstånd : En litteraturstudie." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-44555.

Bustamante, Heinsohn Diego Victor. "Khamapirad radiologic criteria as a predictor of pneumonia's bacterial etiology." Elsevier Editora Ltda, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/624609.

Arús, Nádia Assein. "Estudo comparativo da reprodutibilidade de medidas cefalométricas realizadas por radiologistas odontológicos e clínicas de radiologia." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/6373.

Liukkonen, E. (Esa). "Radiologisten kuvien katselussa käytettävien näyttöjen laatu:näyttöjen laitekanta, suorituskyky ja laadunvalvonta sekä kuvankatseluolosuhteet radiologisissa yksiköissä ja terveyskeskuksissa." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2010. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514262180.

Källvant, Jonas, and Theres Lundh. "Värdeskapande användning av radiologi : - Utbildning och mätning för förbättring." Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ. Kvalitetsförbättring och ledarskap inom hälsa och välfärd, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-21756.

Eriksson, Rolf. "The Utility of Manganese for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Transient Myocardial Ischemia." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-5817.

Edwards, David. "Pre-Clinical Evaluation of a Novel Radiotracer for the Diagnosis of DVT and Pulmonary Embolism." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7321.

Radecka, Eva. "Percutaneous Nephrostomies : Planning for an Optimal Access, Complications, Follow-up and Outcome." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4788.

Percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) is a well-established intervention performed to divert urine from the collecting system in ureteric obstruction or as a prelude to interventional procedures such as stent placement or percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL). The aim of this thesis is to enhance planning for an optimal insertion of PCN, investigate complications, long-term management, follow-up and outcome in patients with PCN treatment and to increase accuracy in CT-guided punctures.

To enhance planning for an optimal insertion of PCN prior to PCNL, biomodels from CT data were performed. Eight patients with complex urinary calculi were selected. Multislice CT of the kidney was performed and the CT data were transformed into a biomodel. The biomodels visualised unique structures before surgery, which aided the planning of endourological procedures.

PCNL is an essential procedure for treating complex urinary calculi. A subcostal approach is preferred to avoid laceration to the lung and pleura. However, a supracostal approach is often preferable, as it gives a better passage to the renal pelvis. The nature and frequency of complications after supra- versus subcostal punctures were studied in 85 patients treated with PCNL. In 63 patients, a subcostal track was established. In 22, a supracostal puncture was chosen. The main difference in preoperative complications was the higher number of patients in the supracostal group complaining of respiratory correlated pain (32%). In the subcostal group, this was (5%).

401 patients were reviewed retrospectively regarding underlying disease, subsequent management and complications of PCN treatment. The number of major complications was 4%. Minor complications were recorded in 38%, urinary tract infection being the most common. 151/401patients suffered from malignancy. 84/151 of the malignant patients died with the catheter. The median survival time of the patients with malignancies was 255 days and the median catheterisation time was 62 days.

In order to increase accuracy when performing CT guided punctures, a new puncture guide was evaluated. In 15/17 patients the puncture was successful on the first attempt. The benefits of the puncture guide were the artefact from the needle guide pointing at the target indicating the puncture path and the needle support enhancing an accurate puncture.

Alemany, Ripoll Montserrat. "MRI Diagnosis of Intracranial Hemorrhage : Experimental and Clinical Studies." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3333.

The purpose of this work was to improve the diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage with MRI, using, among others, T2*-w GE sequences. Various sequences were tested in rabbits at two magnetic field strengths. Then, the most effective technique was applied to stroke patients.

Experimental studies: The MR detectability of small experimental haematomas in the brain and of blood in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces of 30 rabbits was evaluated. MRI examinations were performed at determined intervals. The last MR images were compared to formalin fixed brain sections and, in 16 rabbits, also to the histological findings. T2*-weighted GE sequences revealed all the intraparenchymal haematomas at 1.5 T, appearing strongly hypointense. Their signal patterns remained unchanged during the follow-up. Blood in the CSF spaces was best detected at 1.5T with T2*-weighted GE sequences during the first 2 days. FLAIR and SE sequences were rather insensitive.

Clinical studies: MR examinations were performed at 1.5T, including T1- and T2-w SE, FLAIR and T2*-w GE sequences. In the first clinical study, 66 intraparenchymal hematomas (IPH) of different sizes and ages were examined. T2*-w GE sequence was the most sensitive. On all the sequences, we found a big variety of signal patterns, without a clear relationship to the age of the hematomas.

In a second clinical study, MR examinations were performed to 83 patients with acute stroke: 43 presented acute IPH and 40 were used as controls. Old microhemorrhages (OMHs) were found in 60% of the patients with IPH, and in 15% of the controls.

Conclusion: T2*-weighted GE sequences are capable of revealing very small intraparenchymal hemorrhages at any stage, and blood in CSF spaces during at least the first 2 days. The age of IPHs cannot reliably be estimated with MRI. We have found a correlation between the presence of OMHs and acute intraparenchymal hematomas.

Eklöf, Hampus. "On Renal Artery Stenosis." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-5945.

Renal artery stenosis (RAS) is a potentially curable cause of hypertension and azotemia. Besides intra-arterial renal angiography there are several non-invasive techniques utilized to diagnose patients with suspicion of renal artery stenosis. Removing the stenosis by revascularization to restore unobstructed blood flow to the kidney is known to improve and even cure hypertension/azotemia, but is associated with a significant complication rate.

To visualize renal arteries with x-ray techniques a contrast medium must be used. In a randomized, prospective study the complications of two types of contrast media (CO 2 and ioxaglate) were compared. CO 2 was not associated with acute nephropathy, but induced nausea and had lower attenuation differences compared to Ioxaglate. Acute nephropathy was related to the ioxaglate dose and the risk was evident even at very low doses if the patients were azotemic with creatinine clearance <40 ml/min.

Evaluating patients for clinically relevant renal artery stenosis can be done utilizing several non-invasive techniques. MRA was retrospectively evaluated and shown to be accurate in detecting hemodynamically significant RAS. In a prospective study of 58 patients, evaluated with four methods for renal artery stenosis, it was shown that MRA and CTA were significantly better than ultrasonography and captopril renography in detecting hemodynamically significant RAS. The standard of reference was trans-stenotic pressure gradient measurement, defining a stenosis as significant at a gradient of ≥15 mmHg. The discrepancies were mainly found in the presence of borderline stenosis.

The outcome of percutaneous revascularization procedures showed a technical success rate of 95%, clinical benefit in 63% of treated patients, 30-day mortality 1.5% and major complication rate of 13%. The major complication rate for patients with baseline serum creatinine >300µmol/l was 32%. Our results compare favorably with published studies and guidelines.

Johansson, Lars. "The Utility of Ultrasmall Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Contrast Agents for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-5922.

Chaves, Marcus Silvane Sanchez. "Angio-TC no diagnóstico do tromboembolismo pulmonar : grau de concordância em sua interpretação entre emergencistas, residentes de radiologia e radiologistas em 123 casos suspeitos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/104560.

Kunz-Virk, Julia Rebecca [Verfasser]. "Evaluation der Erfolgs- und Komplikationsraten radiologisch implantierter Hochdruckportsysteme in Abhängigkeit vom Gefäßzugang und der Erfahrung des interventionellen Radiologen / Julia Rebecca Kunz-Virk." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1170876323/34.

Abdsaleh, Shahin. "Core Biopsy of Breast and Axillary Lesions : Technical and Clinical Aspects." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6622.

The aims of this work were to image and analyze the needle behavior at automated core biopsy, to investigate the clinical utility of an alternative core biopsy technique using a semiautomated gun in breast and axillary lesions, and also to compare core biopsy with surgical specimens in malignant breast lesions regarding histologic features and hormone receptor expression.

In two experimental studies, using butter and silicon phantoms, respectively, the needle pass was imaged and its dynamic behavior studied. It was shown that the needle took a curved course in phantoms. It deviated to the same side as where the tip lay, and the degree of the curvature increased with increasing hardness of the phantoms. Our experimental methods can be applied for imaging of needle behavior and thereby improvement of needle configuration.

In two clinical studies, a semiautomated gun was used for large needle core biopsy of breast and axillary lesions in two series of 145 and 21 patients, respectively. The sensitivity of the method for diagnosis of malignancy was 87% (108/124), and in 37% (31/83) of cases the full length of the needle notch was filled with specimen. No injury to the neurovascular structures of the axillary area was observed. It was concluded that the semiautomated gun can be used as an alternative to the automated gun when the size and location of the lesion render use of the automatic device uncertain or dangerous, e.g., in small breast lesions or lesions located in the axilla.

In a series of 129 cases of breast cancer, comparison of core biopsy and surgical specimens showed that core biopsy provided enough information on the histologic type and grade of the lesions. Also, there was moderate to high concordance between the two methods for assessment of progesterone receptors and estrogen receptors (Spearman`s kappa 0.67 and 0.89, respectively).

Penno, Eva. "Studies of Acute Rejection Using Contrast Agents and Magnetic Resonance Imaging." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7169.

Nilsson, Anders. "Power Doppler - Principles and Potential Clinical Applications." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Institutionen för onkologi, radiologi och klinisk immunologi : Uppsala universitet, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3775.

Allén, Oltegen Pia, and Katarina Rosengren. "Faktorer som kan påverka röntgensjuksköterskans kommunikation med patienten. : En litteraturstudie." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-72681.

Björkman, Henrik. "Alternative Methods for Assessment of Split Renal Function." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8513.

Living kidney donation is a clinical situation with unique features in the sense that healthy individuals voluntarily expose themselves to certain risks and inconveniences. Therefore, eliminating as much of the associated discomfort as possible is crucial. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate whether it is possible to use the examination with computed tomography (CT), which is essential to the investigation, also for determining the ratio of the two kidneys’ function – the split renal function. If possible, an examination with gamma camera renography could be excluded from the work-up.

To investigate this possibility, 27 subjects who had underwent CT and renography as part of kidney donor investigation were studied retrospectively. The quantity of contrast material in each kidney was considered proportional to that kidney’s function, and measurement was made in each of the two available contrast phases. The results were compared to the results from renography. A similar analysis was conducted in 38 patients investigated for suspected renal artery stenosis with CT and renography, including a study of an automatized method for the acquisition of data from CT. For further scrutiny, a respiratory triggered dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination was investigated in 26 individuals. Results of split renal function were compared with renography and with CT in a subgroup. To study the possibility of facilitating the data analysis with CT, a formula for approximation of the contrast attenuation was studied in 64 subjects. An analysis of the significance of choice of contrast phase was also conducted in 43 subjects.

Unsatisfactory agreement with renography resulted from the CT analysis of previous donors, partly due to technical shortcomings. However, the technique was recognized to have a potential value. In the subsequent material, the settings were improved, with beneficial effects on the agreement. Respiratory-triggered MRI generated high quality examinations of renal uptake and excretion, with results harmonizing well with renography and CT. The approximation formula applied to CT resulted in higher accuracy for renal volume assessment than with the automatic method, and an acceptable agreement of the split renal function estimate.

From the presented results, a revision of the current donor investigation protocol is suggested. CT gives sufficient information to exclude renography as a routine examination. In cases of uncertainty, renography is recommended for secondary evaluation.

Briley, Saebo Karen. "Degradation, Metabolism and Relaxation Properties of Iron Oxide Particles for Magnetic Resonance Imaging." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4311.

Ebeling, Barbier Charlotte. "Myocardial Scars on MRI : Their Prevalence and Possible Impact." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7548.

Hagen, Gaute. "3D Rotational Angiography of Transplanted Renal Arteries : A Clinical and Experimental Study." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4319.

Ljungkvist, Anna. "Imaging the tumor microenvironment : the dynamics and modification of hypoxia." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Univ, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-106.

Hansen, Tomas. "Assessment of Atherosclerosis by Whole-Body Magnetic Resonance Angiography." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology Institutionen för onkologi, radiologi och klinisk immunologi, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7778.

Eriksson, Lars-Gunnar. "Transcatheter Arterial Embolization in the Management of Life Threatening Bleeding Applied in Upper Gastrointestinal and Post Partum Bleedings." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : [Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology, Uppsala University], 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8248.

Lin, Chi-Ching, and 林志青. "Exploring Radiology-major students'' and Medical Radiologist''s vocational or career commitment." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02943455572980037323.

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Structured reporting in radiology: a systematic review to explore its potential

J. martijn nobel.

1 Department of Radiology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Postbox 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, the Netherlands

2 Department of Educational Development and Research and School of Health Professions Education, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands

Koos van Geel

3 Department of Medical Imaging of Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands

Simon G. F. Robben

Structured reporting (SR) in radiology reporting is suggested to be a promising tool in clinical practice. In order to implement such an emerging innovation, it is necessary to verify that radiology reporting can benefit from SR. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review is to explore the level of evidence of structured reporting in radiology. Additionally, this review provides an overview on the current status of SR in radiology.

A narrative systematic review was conducted, searching PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library using the syntax ‘radiol*’ AND ‘structur*’ AND ‘report*’. Structured reporting was divided in SR level 1, structured layout (use of templates and checklists), and SR level 2, structured content (a drop-down menu, point-and-click or clickable decision trees). Two reviewers screened the search results and included all quantitative experimental studies that discussed SR in radiology. A thematic analysis was performed to appraise the evidence level.

The search resulted in 63 relevant full text articles out of a total of 8561 articles. Thematic analysis resulted in 44 SR level 1 and 19 level 2 reports. Only one paper was scored as highest level of evidence, which concerned a double cohort study with randomized trial design.

The level of evidence for implementing SR in radiology is still low and outcomes should be interpreted with caution.

• Structured reporting is increasingly being used in radiology, especially in abdominal and neuroradiological CT and MRI reports.

• SR can be subdivided into structured layout (SR level 1) and structured content (SR level 2), in which the first is defined as being a template in which the reporter has to report; the latter is an IT-based manner in which the content of the radiology report can be inserted and displayed into the report.

• Despite the extensive amount of research on the subject of structured reporting, the level of evidence is low.

Introduction

The area of radiology is an ever innovating field with new applications, such as speech recognition systems and the introduction of Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS), leading to digitalization and new possibilities in radiology reporting [ 1 , 2 ]. The recent introduction of different types of structured reporting (SR) further accelerates initiatives in the field of reporting, and many radiology departments use some sort of SR already [ 3 ]. The magnitude of this trend and its promotion by large radiological societies, such as the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) and the European Society of Radiology (ESR), suggests that this way of reporting is promising and that implementation of SR in clinical practice should be seriously considered [ 4 , 5 ]. Overall, SR has been thought to be the key to improve clinical and radiological workflow.

The main goal of implementing SR seems to be enhancing the content of the radiological report as well as the reporting process itself. Due to increasing imaging possibilities, larger data sets and the availability of more specific treatments, details become ever more important. The radiological report should arrange this huge amount of information into a readable (legible) text containing the most accurate and specific information that is needed to make accurate decisions to treat the patient best. This renders the radiological reporting process more complicated and time consuming.

To accommodate this increasing demand of information, several tools have been proposed to improve the quality of the radiological report. Standardization tools (RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors), Fleischner glossary, the RADS (Reporting And Data System) collection) [ 6 – 8 ], are created to be more accurate on describing pathology and its extension or evolution, to ensure that the content of the report is accurate. On the other hand, reporting tools, such as structured reporting and reporting guidelines, are constructed in order to enhance the reporting process; this concept is in literature generally referred to as “structured reporting.”

However, before implementation of SR, it is necessary to provide evidence to justify its introduction and implementation in the clinical workflow with a systematic review. As there is a plethora of definitions and interpretations of SR present in literature, a clear definition had to be determined for this review. The definition “structured reporting is an IT-based method to import and arrange the medical content into the radiological report,” as coined by Nobel et al. [ 9 ], was used. The main purpose of this systematic review is to explore the level of evidence of structured reporting. Additionally, this review provides an overview on the current status of SR in radiology.

Materials and methods

A systematic search was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria [ 10 ], and results were further categorized using a thematic analysis approach [ 11 ]. Results were analyzed and interpreted consistently with a textual narrative synthesis to visualize the similarities and differences among various methodologies in study design [ 12 ]. The next step was to determine the level of evidence of the studies. Because of the heterogeneity in study design, the simplified grading system (level A/B/C) according to Siwek et al. [ 13 ] was used to determine the strength of evidence on which outcomes were based. Randomized controlled trials are considered level A. Level B studies consist of all other evidence except for expert opinions or commentaries, which are level C. The groups were ordered on publication year followed by an alphabetical order. In case of discrepancy, consensus was reached between two authors (J.M.N. and K.G.).

Literature review protocol

A literature search was conducted by searching PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library up to 10 August 2020. To include relevant papers, a wide search strategy was applied using the combination of the synonyms of ‘radiology’, ‘structure’ and ‘reporting’ (radiol* AND structur* AND report*).

Eligibility and study selection

All quantitative experimental studies that discussed SR in radiology have been included. After removing duplicates, title and abstract were independently screened on relevance by two authors. The following articles were excluded: articles that did not discuss structured reporting in radiology; comments or expert opinions (level C [ 13 ]); articles not in English, German, or Dutch; or those without full text availability. Bibliographies of included studies were searched in order to find additional relevant papers.

Definition of structured reporting (SR)

The definition “structured reporting is an IT-based method to import and arrange the medical content into the radiological report” [ 9 ] was used to frame the field of interest. This definition acknowledges a difference between SR and standardized reporting. Standardized reporting refers to the increase of uniformity of the report content with standardization tools (e.g., RECIST, Fleischner glossary, the RADS collection [ 6 – 8 ]). SR refers to the use of specific tools (structured reporting or reporting guidelines) that can be used to properly build, structure, or fill the radiological report itself. This differentiation is necessary to be able to only include the right studies which change the reporting process and not studies that merely change, for instance, the vocabulary used.

Additionally, SR is subdivided into structured layout (SR level 1) and structured content (SR level 2) [ 9 ]. In this stratification model, structured layout (SR level 1) is defined as being a template or blueprint format in which the reporter has to report or has to adjust to. Structured content (SR level 2) is a manner in which the content of the radiology report can be inserted and displayed into the report (Fig.  1 ). As such, structured layout (e.g., templates and checklists) and structured content (e.g., drop-down menu, point-and-click or clickable decision trees) highlight the level of IT involvement when implementing SR. This subdivision is used to be able to categorize the types of SR found in the included studies.

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Examples of different levels of structured reporting. SR level 1, structured layout: itemized, itemized-checklist; in these examples, the obligated items or possible options are already stated in the template to ensure its presence. SR level 2, structured content: drop-down menu, point-and-click/pick list; these are examples of IT-based tools to insert specific textual items into the radiological report, for instance with the use of a drop-down menu in which an option can be chosen out of a particular list, or by using a point-and-click/pick list which in turn can open a new point-and-click/pick list option in order to build the report

The literature search retrieved 4233, 6746, and 173 articles (total 11,152) from PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases respectively. A total of 2591 duplicates were removed. Title and abstract of 8561 articles were assessed by J.M.N. and K.G., which resulted in 58 relevant articles. Full text was available for 56 articles. Bibliography search resulted in 7 additional studies, leading to a total of 63 studies that were included (Fig.  2 and Table ​ Table1). 1 ). No reviews were found. Due to the heterogeneity of included studies, it was neither possible to perform a meta-analysis nor to pool the results.

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Search flow chart. SR, structured reporting

Study characteristics. Overview of articles with level A and B evidence which studied structured reporting in radiology. Presented is the level of evidence, control group, intervention, subspecialty/field, indication, modality and outcome(s)

a Identical study population or cohort

SR , structured reporting; SR level 1 , structured layout; SR level 2 , structured content; CNS , central nervous system; BT-RADS , Brain Tumor-Reporting And Data System; PI-RADS , Prostate Imaging-Reporting And Data System; TI-RADS , Thyroid Imaging-Reporting And Data System; RECIST , Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours; LI-RADS , Liver Imaging-Reporting And Data System; RT , radiotherapy; IBD , irritable bowel disease; MS , multiple sclerosis

Thematic data analysis

After inclusion, the 63 studies were grouped into structured layout (SR level 1) and structured content (SR level 2) groups (Fig.  3 ). Control group, intervention, subspecialty/field, indication, modality, and outcome of each study were assigned. Because of heterogeneity in the structured layout group (SR level 1), this group of 44 studies was subdivided into three subcategories: (1) one template ( n  = 28), (2) multiple templates ( n  = 7), and (3) hypothetical research ( n  = 9) (Table ​ (Table1, 1 , Fig.  3 and Fig.  4 ).

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Characteristics of included studies based on SR level. SR level 1, structured layout; SR level 2, structured content

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Intervention based on SR level. SR level 1, structured layout; SR level 2, structured content

The first subcategory “one template” consists of studies that implement and compare only one template with a free text report comparison. An example can be an itemized template to report a specific clinical question, such as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for brain tumor staging. The second subcategory “multiple templates” implemented several templates at once in their study before the comparison with free text reports was made. An example can be the implementation of several different templates for different clinical questions, such as implementing templates for computed tomography (CT), ultrasound, and X-ray concerning kidney stones, appendicitis, and heart failure. The third subcategory “hypothetical research” concerned studies that did not actually implement SR in clinical workflow, but assessed clinical or referring preferences on how to present the radiological information in the radiological report.

All 19 structured content (SR level 2) studies were interventional studies using an IT-based method to create the radiological report in the subcategories point-and-click system, pick list, clickable decision trees, drop-down and various (Table ​ (Table1, 1 , Fig.  3 and Fig.  4 ).

As it is only possible, in an evidence-based manner, to accurately compare one structured reporting tool in one clinical interventional setting at once, only the studies implementing one template from the structured layout group and non-hypothetical studies have been used for further analysis. When not taking into account the hypothetical studies, nor the studies of the multiple template category , 28 studies remain on the structured layout level (SR level 1). All 19 structured content (SR level 2) studies were interventional studies using one IT-based method to create the radiological report and were all suitable for further analysis (Table ​ (Table1, 1 , Fig.  3 and Fig.  4 ). The remaining subcategories (one template SR level 1 and all SR level 2 studies) resulted in 47 studies (Fig.  3 ).

Further analysis of these 47 studies resulted in additional characteristics about subspecialty field and used modalities (Fig.  5 a and b ). Overall, CT and MRI modalities are mostly used on the subspecialties abdomen and neurology.

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a Subspecialty based on SR level and ( b ) modality used based on SR level. All included single intervention studies according to the field of specialty and modality used. SR level 1, structured layout; SR level 2, structured content; DXA, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)

Level of evidence

Two papers (one single study) were scored as level A in the structured content group. All other studies in the structured layout and structured content group were scored as level B evidence (Fig.  6 ).

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Level of evidence based on SR level. Level A, level A evidence according to Siwek et al. [ 13 ]; SR level 1, structured layout; SR level 2, structured content

The value of outcomes of the studies on structured reporting depends heavily on the level of evidence of these studies. Therefore, the main focus of this study was to determine the level of evidence. However, to create an overview of research done on SR in radiology, main outcomes of included SR studies have been summarized in Table ​ Table1 1 .

The main goal of this narrative systematic literature review was to explore the level of evidence of all studies that try to enhance the radiological reporting process by using SR. This also resulted in an overview on the current status of SR in radiology and a summary of its outcomes. To our knowledge, this is the first paper to provide a systematic review of SR in radiology.

A double-blinded, randomized controlled trial is considered the highest level of original research (not including systematic reviews or meta-analysis). In our literature search, the only study that approximates this level was the double cohort study with randomized trial design conducted by Johnson et al. [ 58 , 59 ] and was therefore scored as level A evidence. They compared a point-and-click reporting system (SR level 2) with free text reporting in brain MRI in stroke patients in two papers. This study states that only the way of reporting varied in order to exclude all other interfering factors, thereby only investigating the effect of the change in reporting method. The remaining 61 studies were considered level B evidence, showing an overall low level of evidence.

The hypothetical subcategory studies ( n  = 7) are not implementational but only exploratory of nature. The multiple template studies ( n  = 9) are considered low-level evidence, because it is virtually impossible to confidentially match outcomes to a particular way of reporting, when (a) introducing several templates or reports simultaneously, (b) using different levels of SR, for (c) trying to answer different clinical questions.

However, also the other subcategory studies (one template SR level 1 and all SR level 2 studies), except both level A studies, changed several factors during the implementation of SR, which again can result in some sort of confounding. For instance, many papers describe an expert meeting among radiologists and/or clinicians, or conducted a literature review in order to create a template or pick-list with adequate vocabulary, before implementing SR. This introduced an additional standardizing step next to the implementation of SR in the reporting routine. As a result, both the report content and the reporting manner differed, and outcomes of these studies reflect the effect of the combined interventions. The effects of any individual intervention, however, remain unclear.

Additionally, an expert meeting or literature review before implementing the new reporting manner will likely result in an increase in report quality or accuracy, because the reporter will be guided in stating the correct (newly stated) items necessary for diagnosing when using SR, and thereby enhancing the report content. In this way, confirmation bias can occur, especially when report content quality or accuracy was the main goal of the study, and when outcomes were scored by the same experts that participated in the initial expert meeting.

The aforementioned shows that the study design of the included studies was hampered, resulting in low level of evidence studies. However, despite the fact that most studies are of low evidence, the total amount of published papers show the magnitude of the trend towards structured reporting in radiology.

One of the issues in chosen study design is probably based on the willingness to improve the radiological report as final clinical outcome, rather than searching for the true (single) vehicle that facilitates this.

Furthermore, a reason for the lack of high-level evidence papers can be the fact that proper implementation of SR might be highly case-specific. In radiology, multiple modalities as well as multiple clinical questions coexist and therefore it is possible that a SR tool or a specific SR level is not beneficial for all clinical settings or that it is depending on for instance difficulty level. A point-and-click or clickable decision tree method (SR level 2) may be better for a simple task with only few options, such as describing a thyroid nodule on an ultrasound examination. Likewise, a difficult, extensive clinical question which needs highly specific information or an extensive description, such as the description of a brain tumor on MRI, may suit a template or checklist (SR level 1) better than a point-and-click/pick list. In combination with several vendor-dependent structuring methods on different SR levels, this makes it difficult to choose a specific topic to set up a well-designed study. Also the fact that there are no studies found that compare two different SR methods, but only comparing free text with some sort of SR, shows that research on SR in radiological reporting is still at an exploratory level.

Current standing and future perspectives

Looking at the levels of SR, in total, 28 studies were performed at the level of structured layout implementing one template and 19 on the structured content level implementing a more IT-based type of SR, which shows that both SR level 1 and 2 are used in clinical studies. It is interesting to see that both levels are being investigated, because it is important to realize that in most cases it is easier, due to its lower IT-demand, to implement a template (SR level 1) in the reporting process than, for instance, implement a drop-down-menu-based report (SR level 2).

When looking at modality and subspecialty, most efforts are made with reports of CT and MRI examinations in the field of abdominal radiology and neuroradiology. An explanation might be the fact that the most important (staging) procedures use CT and MRI as a modality. Perhaps, the abdominal and neuroradiology fields are more suitable for using templates or it can be triggered by the fact that good classification systems or standardization systems already exist in these fields. If this is the case, this highlights the fact that SR is used for standardization by making sure that specific items or classification systems are described or used.

Table ​ Table1 1 shows that SR level 1 (templates) are mainly used to describe key features necessary to stage a particular disease or tumor with a predefined sentence with or without a particular standardization tool. Used standardization tools or classification systems can be found in Table ​ Table1, 1 , and examples are for instance PI-RADS, LI-RADS and RECIST, but also key elements concerning Crohn’s disease, rectal cancer staging, multiple sclerosis (MS), trauma or head and neck lymphadenopathy are used. Hence, also SR level 2 studies use key feature description or standardization tools (e.g., PI-RADS) to describe specific disease or tumors, such as stroke, pulmonary nodules, rectal cancer, thyroid nodules, or prostatic cancer (Table ​ (Table1). 1 ). However, SR level 2 studies use an IT-based system that supports constructing (semantic) sentences, according to the chosen option from the drop-down menu or point-and-click system, in which standardization is almost automatically linked to structured reporting.

When looking at the study outcomes in Table ​ Table1, 1 , the main goals, incentives, used SR method, and outcomes of each study vary widely, and therefore, pooling of outcomes is difficult. Despite this heterogeneity, this table of outcomes provides a panoramic overview of the present status of SR in radiology.

It shows that most of the included papers show an improvement in outcome when implementing SR. However, when looking at the evidence level, the only level A study [ 58 , 59 ] did not improve the report clarity, accuracy, and completeness of the report using their point-and-click method. This is an interesting finding and can show that this particular point-and-click system was not beneficial in radiological reporting in this specific setting and concerning this specific outcome. However, the outcome of this study alone is insufficient to state that SR level 2 is not beneficial in radiology reporting, because outcomes seem to be highly case-specific. However, it is also hard to state that SR is beneficial in reporting in radiology when looking at the low level of evidence of all other included studies.

Overall, the level of evidence for SR is low and especially the link between structured reporting and standardization and its different effects on the radiological report is currently overlooked, but is of utmost importance. It seems that improving radiology reporting is more than just implementing SR and that standardization is necessary next to SR, and that both are highly entangled when implementing SR. This is likely caused by the fact that SR is based on a rather strict format in which several (mandatory) items or key features should be reported. Perhaps the question should be whether SR is not just a means to facilitate standardization, rather than that SR is improving the radiological report itself.

As such, high-quality research is necessary to separately investigate the value of all individual factors that are involved in standardization and SR to determine the best type of SR for a specific clinical problem. Investigating the effect of standardization should be prioritized, because it may make sense that improving the content of the report, hence making a complete report with all items referring clinicians are asking for, will likely improve reporting quality. Then, the next question should be how this standardized information should be placed in the radiological report and how we can assure it is inserted correctly. For instance, this can be done with a simple template or checklist (SR level 1), or with a more sophisticated point-and-click system (SR level 2). Finally, it is important to know whether the efforts are beneficial for the patient (e.g., better staging), the referring clinician (e.g., reduced reading time), the reporter (e.g., faster reporting), or for all. Nevertheless, it is possible that this supposed reporting improvement is mainly caused by standardization rather than SR.

Limitations

First of all, it was difficult to find all relevant implementational studies published on the subject of SR due to ambiguous use of the terms “standardized reporting” and “structured reporting.” To be as complete as possible, as well as to answer the research question best, a prior set definition for SR and its categorization system was used. In addition, a bibliography search was used to search for missed studies after conducting the main search. Because of heterogeneity of the included studies, it was hard to pool the data on a more specific level and therefore a thematic analysis was used. The outcome analysis performed in this paper was limited by the large heterogeneity of outcomes and study design. A more thorough analysis should be done to explore outcome measurements better and to see who (the referring clinician, radiologist or patient) will benefit from SR most, as well as which specific efforts resulted in this outcome.

Structured reporting is thought to have great potential to improve reporting in radiology. However, due to difficulties in study design there is a lack of high-quality research on this topic resulting in low overall evidence. Future research is needed to explore the individual effects of standardization and SR, as it is questionable whether SR is the solution for improving reporting in radiology or only a means in facilitating standardization.

Abbreviations

The authors state that this work has not received any funding.

Declarations

The scientific guarantor of this publication is Simon G.F. Robben, MD, PhD.

The authors of this manuscript declare no relationships with any companies whose products or services may be related to the subject matter of the article.

No complex statistical methods were necessary for this paper.

Not applicable.

Institutional Review Board approval was not required because the nature of the submitted article.

• Systemic literature review

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Systematic review in diagnostic radiology

Affiliation.

  • 1 Department of Oral Radiology, School of Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
  • PMID: 11313725
  • DOI: 10.1038/sj/dmfr/4600586

Systematic review (SR) already makes a major contribution to evidence-based healthcare by making the review process transparent and by reducing bias. SR has been successfully applied to observational studies. Radiologists have already begun to make an impact in dentistry by using SR as a decision-making tool. Central to SR is establishment of a research question, selection criteria, a search plan, a literature search, an appraisal of the identified literature by the selection criteria; an analysis and a formulation of recommendations. With regard to the literature search, electronic databases (Medline, Embase, Science Citation Index, Lilacs), controlled subject headings, exploding and free-text searching, handsearching and the gray literature are discussed.

Publication types

  • Systematic Review
  • Databases, Bibliographic
  • Decision Support Techniques
  • Dental Research / methods*
  • Evidence-Based Medicine*
  • Information Storage and Retrieval
  • Meta-Analysis as Topic
  • Patient Selection
  • Radiography, Dental*
  • Research Design
  • Review Literature as Topic*

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Inventing Good Diagnostic Radiography Dissertation Ideas

Is it time to start thinking about your diagnostic radiography dissertation already? My, how time flies! If you need to come up with some good ideas and yet you don’t know where to even begin, then you’ve come to the right place. It’s understandable that inventing good dissertation ideas can be quite taxing, so here are some great suggestions on how to start:

Look over your notes.

The best way to begin is by looking over all of your diagnostic radiography notes from your course. Think about the different areas of the subject. Which do you know most about? Which appeal to you most? You should always pick a topic that fits the criteria of those questions.

Make sure you can research it.

You should make sure that the topic you choose is one that can be researched well. The more information you can find on your topic, the better a position you will be in for writing your thesis.

Look at other theses.

It’s recommended that you look through other dissertations to see what diagnostic radiography issues have been chosen before. It can be a good idea to go with big, well know topics- but if you do, make sure you don’t just regurgitate the same old sources and information. This is why it’s really important to look through other papers. Inventing a unique question that approaches a hot topic from a fresh perspective can be a winning idea. If you decide to go for a lesser known subject area, make sure there’s plenty of source material to be had.

You will also find plenty of topic titles and dissertation examples online- but make sure that you look on reliable academic sites to ascertain you are getting the very best information.

How have others approached their titles?

If you have chosen your topic but are having trouble inventing the actual dissertation title, it’s also a good idea to look through other papers to see how they have approached their titles. On the internet, you will also be able to find plenty of lists of ideas. When it comes to inventing your own, be sure to take on board how others have tackled it.

It’s always a good idea to talk through things with others before finally deciding on your topic. Discussing it with your fellow students is highly recommended.

It is also worth talking your ideas through with your teacher- after all, who’s better qualified to help than them?

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dissertation examples radiography

An Introduction to Clinical Audit for Radiographers

12. examples of audits relevant to a mobile chest radiography service.

The following tables present potential audits that could be undertaken to review a mobile chest radiography service during or after the Covid-19 pandemic. The audits are divided into four 'service requirement' sections:

Section A - Imaging Activity Audits

Section B - Imaging Operational Performance

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Each section suggests several different areas for audit, and gives guidance on potential audit criteria, example audit statements, purpose, indicator/standard, audit type and evidence.

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IMAGES

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  2. Major Issues in Radiology Essay Example

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  3. Research Proposal Example In Radiography

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  4. Diagnostic Radiography Article Critique Essay Example

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  5. (PDF) Some research possibilities in diagnostic radiography

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  6. (PDF) A Systematic Review on Radiographers' Knowledge in Imaging

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VIDEO

  1. RADIOLOGY lecture 2 RADIOGRAPHS, X rays and BARIUM studies in easy way

  2. How to write chapter 1 for a dissertation project?

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  4. How to write a Thesis || Steps in writing Thesis/Dissertation ||

  5. reasons to study diagnostic radiography

  6. What is the Difference Between Editing and Proofreading (with Examples)

COMMENTS

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    Methods. Qualitative document analysis (QDA) was used as a methodology. QDA requires that data are examined and interpreted in order to elicit meaning, gain understanding and develop empirical knowledge. 23 In this study, the documents analysed were doctoral dissertations from the field of radiography. Dissertations were chosen because they are assumed to contain in-depth conceptual ...

  4. University of Bolton Library: Radiology: Theses and Dissertations

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  5. Radiography education in 2022 and beyond

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  6. Dissertations / Theses: 'Chest

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  7. Getting started in radiology research

    For example, it would not be unusual for a training scientist in a PhD program to spend many months refining the research question(s) for a thesis project. In PhD programs, refining the research question is seen as an activity requiring substantial, tangible effort because it is recognized that a successful project requires a well-stated question.

  8. Writing a Great Review for Radiology

    The typical review lists 10-20 comments. Aim at improving the manuscript quality and making it understandable to the reader. It is essential that these comments (a) are numbered, (b) follow in order according the sections of the manuscript, and (c) are prefaced by a subject heading such as "Results" or "Methods.".

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  10. PDF SHURA

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  15. Structured reporting in radiology: a systematic review to explore its

    Introduction. The area of radiology is an ever innovating field with new applications, such as speech recognition systems and the introduction of Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS), leading to digitalization and new possibilities in radiology reporting [1, 2].The recent introduction of different types of structured reporting (SR) further accelerates initiatives in the field of ...

  16. Systematic review in diagnostic radiology

    Systematic review (SR) already makes a major contribution to evidence-based healthcare by making the review process transparent and by reducing bias. SR has been successfully applied to observational studies. Radiologists have already begun to make an impact in dentistry by using SR as a decision-making tool. Central to SR is establishment of a ...

  17. PDF Date Dissertation Topic Faculty Author Submitted Transorbital

    Hospital, Ibadan Radiology AFOLABI Oluniyi Samson Oct-14 87 Ocular B-mode Ultrasonographic Findings in Diabetic Patients with Ocular Complications in Zaria, Nigeria Radiology AHMED Hamza Mustapha Oct-14 88 The Pattern of Survival of Breast Cancer Patients at the Radiotherapy Department, UCH, Ibadan Radiology ALI-GOMBE Musa Oct-14 89

  18. Diagnostic Radiography Dissertation Topic Selection

    Look at other theses. It's recommended that you look through other dissertations to see what diagnostic radiography issues have been chosen before. It can be a good idea to go with big, well know topics- but if you do, make sure you don't just regurgitate the same old sources and information. This is why it's really important to look ...

  19. Diagnostic radiography dissertation

    Diagnostic radiography dissertation; Watch. 3 years ago. ... Let us take an example from my radiology book [it may not be directly relevant to you cos it is a medical book not aimed at radiographers], but hopefully I can illustrate the above-outlined principles so that you can follow an analogous process for your own specific scenario.

  20. Example 7 Systematic-review Radiography 86

    I do consent to my dissertation in this attributed format (not anonymous), subject to final approval by the Board of Examiners, being made available electronically in the Library Dissertation Repository and/or Department/School/Subject Group digital repositories. Dissertations will normally be kept for a maximum of ten years;

  21. An Introduction to Clinical Audit for Radiographers: Examples ...

    Examples of audits relevant to a mobile chest radiography service. The following tables present potential audits that could be undertaken to review a mobile chest radiography service during or after the Covid-19 pandemic. The audits are divided into four 'service requirement' sections: Section A - Imaging Activity Audits.

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