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Child Exploitation Essay | Essay on Child Exploitation for Students and Children in English

February 14, 2024 by Prasanna

Child Exploitation Essay:  Today’s child is the citizen of tomorrow. The condition of a child foretells the future of any society or nation. Children are the real mirrors of the society the quality of 1 life of a child reflects how progressive a society is. With the dawn of the 21 st century, child exploitation is one of the biggest problems of the planet, which is increasing constantly. Child Exploitation primarily includes Child Abuse and child labour.

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Long and Short Essays on Child Exploitation for Kids and Students in English

Given below are two essays in English for students and children about the topic of ‘Child Exploitation’ in both long and short form. The first essay is a long essay on the Child Exploitation of 400-500 words. This long essay about Child Exploitation is suitable for students of class 7, 8, 9 and 10, and also for competitive exam aspirants. The second essay is a short essay on Child Exploitation of 150-200 words. These are suitable for students and children in class 6 and below.

Long Essay on Child Exploitation 500 Words in English

Below we have given a long essay on Child Exploitation of 500 words is helpful for classes 7, 8, 9 and 10 and Competitive Exam Aspirants. This long essay on the topic is suitable for students of class 7 to class 10, and also for competitive exam aspirants.

WHO defines child abuse as “Child abuse or maltreatment constitutes all forms of physical and/or emotional ill-treatment, sexual abuse, neglect or negligent treatment or commercial or other exploitation, resulting in actual or potential harm to the child’s health, survival, development or dignity in the context of a relationship of responsibility, trust or power.”

Millions of children in the world have been forced into child labour owing either to non-schooling or due to dropping out from the school at an early age. So, child labour may be defined as one who has not yet attained the age of 14 years and whose physical, mental and social development has suffered due to his pre-mature employment. Both child labour and abuse are the most heinous and inhuman crimes.

Children make up 36% of our country’s total population. We might boast of being the largest democracy on account of numbers, but we definitely don’t seem to be the greatest one. Due to various circumstances, young children are exploited and are | deprived of the pleasures of childhood. At the age when children should be going to schools or playing at playgrounds, they are burdened with the hardships of life and denied their childhood.

According to the National Child Labour Project 2001 Census, there are 12.6 million working children in India. It is not only in few selected states, but across the length and breadth of the country. A large number of children are employed in various hazardous and non-hazardous activities in the agriculture sector, glass factories, carpet industry, brass industries, match-box factories, on streets as beggars and in hotels.

According to a recent ILO report, about 80% child labourers in India are employed in the agriculture sector. The children are generally sold to the rich moneylenders to whom borrowed money cannot be returned. More than 60,000 children work in extremely inhospitable conditions in the glass and bangle industry under conditions of excessive heat. Almost 4,20,000 children are employed in the carpet industry of India, and more than 70,000 work in match-box factories.

As regard with child abuse, in 2010, the National Commission for Protection of Child Rights received 75 cases of child abuse in India up till 31 st October, including cases of corporal punishment. Especially, those in the age group of 5-12 years reported higher levels of abuse. Ranging from incest, rapes, sexual abuse, sodomy, inappropriate touch to sexual assaults, India has an extreme category of child sexual abuse than other kind of abuses. The worst part is that a stunning majority of these cases go unreported. Also, reasons like shame, plain depravity and family honour contribute towards shunning and covering the cases of child abuse. According to a government commissioned survey, more than 53% of children in India are subjected to sexual abuse, but most of them don’t report the assaults to anyone.

Various surveys also brings into light that harmful traditional practices like child marriage, caste system, discrimination against the girl child, child labour and devadasi tradition impact negatively on children and increase their vulnerability to abuse and neglect. Children on street, children at work and children in institutional care reported the highest incidence of sexual assault.

Exploitation traumatises a child in various ways. From not providing required environment for a healthy growth, inflicting physical torture, mental trauma to sexually maltreating a child in any possible way, child abuse stunts the physical and mental growth of the child. While choking, burning, hitting and striking comprise physical abuse, any kind of sexual association in any form between a child and an adult results into sexual abuse. Emotionally, depraving a child, hurting his self-esteem or inflicting any other kind of mental trauma is a physiological abuse against the child. Child abuse may also include not providing required food, shelter, clothing, education and an environment to the child that is necessary for an overall development of his personality.

Young children are being made the prey as they can be paid less or befooled easily. Poverty, illiteracy and insufficient resources in family, force the parents to send their children to work. Also cultural norms, unsuccessful marriage and drug addiction of parents comprise as the main cause of child abuse. Sometimes a child might also be inflicted to exploitation without it being in the notice of the parents, e.g. at school, at the hands of some relatives, the immediate neighbourhood or lured by broker. It can be both intentional or unintentional. Presently, though India has the highest number of sexually abused children in the world, there is no special law in India dealing with child abuse and child sexual abuse.

However, as recent as in 2011, Union Minister of women and child development has introduced the Sexual Offences Bill in Rajya Sabha, to fight against this heinous crime. It aims to provide for stringent punishment of up to 1 0 year’s jail term, which may even be extended to life imprisonment, if warranted.

Various articles of the Constitution prohibit the employment of children in factories. Under Article 24, it has been stated that no child below the age of 14 shall be employed in any factory or mine or any other hazardous occupation or work. Similarly, Article 31 provides that the state shall ensure that adolescent children are not forced to accept an employment detrimental to their age and physical ability owing to economic compulsions.

Children should be provided opportunities to develop in a healthy manner and in a free and respectful environment in which they are protected against exploitation of their childhood and adolescence. The Government of India formulated the National Child Labour Policy in 1987 to tackle this problem.

Short Essay on Child Exploitation 200 Words in English

Below we have given a short essay on Child Exploitation is for Classes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. This short essay on the topic is suitable for students of class 6 and below.

It aims at rehabilitation of child labour, implementation of the National Child Labour, Projects, grants-in-aid to the voluntary agencies and promoting international programmes for the elimination of child labour. For the rehabilitation of working children, special schools and rehabilitation centres have been established where there is a provision of informal education, vocational training and nutrition for the children.

Through expansion of National Child Labour Projects to various districts, it is focussing towards linking the child labour elimination efforts with the Scheme of ‘Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan’. It ensures that children in the age group of 5-8 years get directly admitted to regular schools and that the older working children are mainstreamed to the formal education system through special schools functioning under the NCLP Scheme.

The problem of child exploitation is an intense socio-economic issue in India that requires long-term multi-pronged strategies to be carried out on a continuous basis. A strong enforcement of the legal acts needs be done to ensure strict action against those who indulge in exploitation. The government, media and NGOs have to unite to play their respective roles in this demanding task only then the evil of child exploitation can be effectively curbed.

Child Exploitation Essay Word Meanings for Simple Understanding

• Foretells – predict, forecast
• Heinous – monstrous, terrible, wicked, wrongful act
• Depravity – moral corruption, wickedness
• Shunning – avoid, ignore, or reject
• Traumatises – subject to lasting shock as a result of a disturbing experience or physical injury
• Inflicting – cause something unpleasant to be suffered by someone, imposing
• Stringent – convincing or forcible, strict
• Detrimental – tending to cause harm, unfavourable
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Different types of child exploitation

Every year, thousands of children in the UK are exploited. Some have been groomed into county lines drug trafficking, others face sexual abuse in their own communities. No matter the form of child exploitation, the language we use to talk about young people can often decide if they are kept safe or put more at risk. Here we look at the different types of child exploitation, how it has changed over the years, and how we can break the cycle of abuse.

18 November 2021

Prosecuted ‘prostitutes’ 

Twenty years ago we published our first ground-breaking report on child sexual exploitation in Britain. Back then, children who were sexually exploited were prosecuted as child prostitutes rather than safeguarded and protected.

We called for legislation to recognise that children who are sexually abused and exploited need protection not prosecution. These children were coerced, manipulated and groomed into exploitative situations.

Thankfully, over the last twenty years big progress has been made in how professionals and wider society understand, respond to, and prevent child sexual exploitation .

My voice was being heard My voice was being heard

When Andrew was just 13 he and his family were caught up in a terrifying attack. He struggled with his mental health. After receiving therapy from one of our specialist practitioners he was able to process his traumatic memories.

Modern exploitation

In recent years, new types of exploitation have been uncovered and we need to learn the same lessons we did with child sexual exploitation. We must stop treating children as criminals and give them the help they need.

We must challenge the language we hear about young people who are involved in international trafficking, labour exploitation and child criminal exploitation . How young people are described can determine the way services respond to them.

If a child is branded a ‘criminal’, then a route of prosecution and criminalisation may follow. However if the same child is recognised as a victim, then a safeguarding response kicks into action.

new forms of exploitation

New forms, same methods.

Although the forms of exploitation are changing, the methods stay the same. An adult will target a child, trick them into trusting them, and then abuse their power for their own needs. This is known as 'grooming' and it is used for both criminal exploitation and sexual exploitation. 

Criminals may be more likely to groom children who live in poverty, face exclusion from mainstream school , or are in care. Especially amidst the ongoing cost of living crisis, threats such as child financial exploitation are growing. We must work to change the systems and contexts that puts these children at risk.

Whether it’s through sexual exploitation, labour exploitation or criminal exploitation and county lines — children shouldn't be blamed for the abuse they experience. They are not the problem.

Challenging the language of exploitation

When talking about children and exploitation, language matters. It can be the difference between a child being properly safeguarded or pushed further at risk. 

You may hear children referred to as 'money mules' or 'gift girls'. But they are not animals or objects. This language dehumanises the young person and ignores the abuse. It needs to be challenged.

We work hard to make sure the right language is used so that children can be better protected and kept safe from all forms of exploitation.

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Related content

#lookcloser.

#LookCloser is a national campaign encouraging everyone to learn the signs of child exploitation, look closer in communities and know how to report exploitation if worried. 

County lines in the countryside

Child exploitation and county lines isn't just a big city problem. It happens everywhere. In the countryside, in towns, cities and online.

We work with young people who have it toughest, who are exploited, neglected, unsafe. Here are their stories, told in their words.

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An Exploratory Study on Child Sexual Abuse and Exploitation

• Rohini Harracksingh (Children’s Assessment and Safeguarding Team)
• Emmanuel Janagan Johnson (Louisana College)

This study explores the effects of child sexual abuse and exploitation of children. It also aims to assist in identifying the signs of child sexual abuse by examining the various possible effects on the victims. The authors continue the dialogue started by previous studies, thereby generating greater public awareness specifically targeted at expanding the information available to the population. Snowball sampling was adopted to select the respondents. The results show that how children develop social and emotional skills across the lifespan, with particular attention to childhood to overcome the trauma and it is better to equip citizens to recognize the signs of child sexual abuse so that they can report this crime and afford the victims the benefit of early and proper intervention, since victims themselves often do not engage in early reporting of such crimes. The findings of the research and the implications for the future research are also discussed.

Keywords: child sexual abuse, exploitation, social development, post-traumatic stressdisorder

Harracksingh, R. & Janagan Johnson, E., (2022) “An Exploratory Study on Child Sexual Abuse and Exploitation”, Social Development Issues 43(2). doi: https://doi.org/10.3998/sdi.1823

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Published on 29 apr 2022, peer reviewed, creative commons attribution 4.0, introduction.

In 2016, research was conducted to explore the effects of child sexual abuse (CSA) in Eastern Trinidad, as it was suggested that children may be at risk of experiencing sexual abuse. Reid, Reddock, and Nickering (2014) stated that there are many unreliable reports regarding the prevalence of child sexual abuse in Trinidad and Tobago. Under-reporting of this crime appears to be a trend in the Caribbean as another study conducted by THE United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) in Barbados made similar findings ( Jones et al., 2009 ). It has been hypothesized that there are several reasons for such under-reporting in these societies. These include feelings of shame and embarrassment, fear of the abuser and of possible reprisal, reluctance on part of the family to admit what has happened, and the belief on part of many victims that the veracity of their story would be questioned (Jones et al., 2010). These deep-seated sociocultural issues are unlikely to change in the short term. Greater awareness toward the effects of child sexual abuse and its signs and symptoms is needed to improve the safety of children. This will have an effect in protecting the country’s human potential by allowing timely and appropriate intervention. Children display signs and symptoms and are themselves restricted for one reason or another for asking for the help which they urgently need. Snowball sampling was utilized to conduct interviews with respondents.

According to Hahn (2012) , in the Caribbean region, child sexual abuse is underreported and as a custom sanctioned culturally. Hahn (2012) further cited Jamaica, where men often view themselves as having a right to perform sexual activities with girls who they are responsible for, while in Guyana children reported that sexual violence against them is frequently blamed on their clothing.

According to the UNICEF (2017) , sexual violence against children is a gross violation of children’s rights, but it is an undeniable global reality across all countries and social groups. This social ill occurs in various forms and is deeply entrenched in cultural, economic, and social practices. The Rape Crisis Society of Trinidad and Tobago (2000) , in its annual report, has defined child sexual abuse as follows: “Child sexual abuse is the sexual exploitation of a child by an adult, adolescent, or older child.” A report from the Children’s Authority of Trinidad and Tobago has indicated that there were nine hundred fifteen reported cases of child sexual abuse from May 18, 2015 to February 17, 2016. It is appalling to consider that this translates to approximately one in five children enduring sexual abuse in Trinidad and Tobago. Sexual penetration and sexual touching were among the highest reported types of child sexual abuse. Of these reported cases, 13.2% represented boys, while 86.8% involved girls ( Kowlessar, 2016 ). From the available studies conducted in Trinidad and Tobago (and indeed other parts of the Caribbean such as the Eastern Caribbean and Barbados), the rate of child sexual abuse is distressing. These studies reveal that 70–80% of child sexual abuse victims are girls, and in 50% of these cases the perpetrators live with the victims. The available literature further highlighted that in the Caribbean, sexual abuse is accompanied by denial, silence, and adults failing to respond appropriately with many instances of children being sexually abused within the family ( Perrault, 2011 ).

This study aims to assist in identifying the signs and symptoms of child sexual abuse by examining various possible effects on victims. It is further hoped that this study would continue the dialogue started by previous studies, thereby generating greater public awareness specifically targeted at expanding the information available to the population.

Literature Review

Child sexual abuse is defined as follows:

The misuse of power and authority, combined with force or coercion, which leads to the exploitation of children in situations where adults, or children sufficiently older than the victim to have greater strength and power, seek sexual gratification through those who are developmentally immature and where, as a result, consent from the victim is a non-concept. Such gratification can involve explicit sexual acts or may involve invasive and inappropriate actions not directly involving contact. ( Johnson & James, 2016 )

Studies conducted in the Eastern Caribbean, Barbados, and Trinidad and Tobago indicate that the rate of child sexual abuse is distressing. These studies reveal that 70–80 % of child sexual abuse victims are girls, and in 50% of these cases the perpetrators live with the victims ( Perrault, 2011 ). Research suggests that most cases of child sexual abuse are never disclosed to authorities ( Martin & Silverstone, 2013 ). Since this study is aimed at early detection through improved awareness of the observable effects of child sexual abuse among other things, as a short-term measure of tackling the prevailing problem of underreporting, the literature review focused on the issues of disclosure, effects, and identifying the signs of child sexual abuse.

A study conducted by HIavka, Uggen, Macmillan, Kruttschnitt, and Gilgun (2008) , which focused on children’s own understanding of sexual abuse, emphasized the way social and cultural meanings affect disclosure of sexual abuse. Shafe and Hutchinson (2015) examined the link between cultural practices and child sexual abuse. Based on their research, it was discovered that the role and attitude of family and community continue to be crucial factors in reporting of sexual abuse. Disclosure can be very difficult based on the orientation toward shared practices. This could provide insight as to why children in traditional households which do not discuss sexual matters are unwilling to report this type of abuse, as they feel shame and fear of possible repercussions associated with such disclosure. A study conducted by Pasura, Jones, Maharaj, De-Caires, and Johnson (2012) examined the conceptualization of childhood. The paper takes into consideration the way experiences shape the lives of children which is vital in understanding the definition of childhood. Report prepared by Jones and Jemmott (2016) examined Caribbean reports on child sexual abuse and focused on generating understanding more precisely within a frame of society, family systems, socioeconomic status, and historic traditions. The study found that child sexual abuse frequently co-occurs with other forms of maltreatments, escalates vulnerability to additional victimization, and leads to diverse problems, leaving impacts for complete life.

Methodology

Sampling procedure.

Qualitative research allows the researcher to use the method of nonprobability sampling applied through purposive sampling techniques. This is a nonrandom sampling technique which further supports the researcher in identifying an explicit social issue that warrants investigation. The use of purposive sampling technique in qualitative studies gives the reliance of a target group and assists the researcher in finding subjects that may be difficult to locate (Rubbin & Babbie, 2012). Although qualitative methods in research have their limitations, their aim is saturation of information; thus, for the purpose of this study, only five participants who are the victims of child sexual abuse and exploitation were selected.

Data Collection

The data were collected using both structured interviews and questionnaires, which were then analyzed balancing the need to stay close to the data with the need to think abstractly ( Padgett, 2008 ). Bronfenbrenner’s (1994) ecological model is essential to understand the effects of child sexual abuse in any study. This model takes individual, familial, communal, and societal influences into consideration regarding resilience or risk for harm. Bronfenbrenner’s (1994) model is progressively evolving and is currently referred to as the bioecological model. Bronfenbrenner (1994) posits that external influences on the family have a major impact on individual’s development ( Pittenger, 2016 ). Each participant was interviewed individually and completed a structured questionnaire as well as a standardized scale—the Children Revised Impact of Events Scale (CRIES). An in-depth interview guide was developed which examined individual and family history; family background and dynamics; onset of sexual abuse; duration, type, and tactics utilized by the perpetrator in maintaining secrecy; disclosure attempts and outcomes; perceptions and beliefs developed by the victim; nature and quality of significant relationships in childhood and adolescence; environmental contributors; social development; and cultural influences. Questions permitted room for participants to add comments that may not have been asked from them and were open-ended. All the interviews were conducted by the researcher ( Alaggia, 2010 ).

Ethical Protocol

Ethical approval was obtained from the University of the West Indies Ethics Committee. Ethical protocol was strictly observed by the authors by assuring that strict confidentiality would be maintained and the data would be stored in the office of prime investigator with a password protection. The researcher was aware of the sensitive nature of the subject matter. Therefore, Biestek’s (1961) principles of confidentiality, acceptance, nonjudgmental attitude, and client’s right to self-determination provided impetus to facilitate the research process. Emotional issues that arose and had to be addressed urgently were managed by utilizing social work skills.

Consent Form

Parents and guardians were explained in detail about the scope of the study, how the children would be interviewed, and all the interview questions were shown to them to get their consent. After getting their consent, signatures were obtained from the parents/guardians before the start of data collection. Parents/guardians unwilling to give their consent were not included in this research.

The data collected revealed numerous findings which are consistent with the available literature as it pertains to identifying the signs of sexual abuse among children. The small sample size became necessary due to time constraint, numerous delays, objections encountered in obtaining agency’s approval, and the general reluctance of participants based on perceived fears and social stigma. Owing to the small sample size comprising five children, findings cannot be generalized for the entire population, and certainly a larger scale study is necessary to produce valuable data to be more reflective and impactful on Caribbean societies.

The findings analyzed against prevailing theories and the existing bodies of work suggest that children in Trinidad and Tobago are generally not safe and need greater care and protection from sexual abuse. Children seem to be continuously at risk of being abused sexually with a possibility that this abuse is repeated, and fear in one form or another being used to procure silence, thereby preventing effective detection and remediation.

More frequently, these acts appear to be committed by persons who share a close relationship and are well known to the child such as family members or neighbours; this is congruent with the study conducted by Pasura et al. (2012). The immediate effect of this abuse on children is often heart-rending if not catastrophic, and includes the following:

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Decreased academic performance

Depression and emotional scarring

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

The data analyzed from the CRIES suggest that all subjects sampled for this research were at a risk of suffering from PTSD because of the trauma associated with sexual abuse. All participants scored above 17 in the intrusion and avoidance scales; this is outlined as the criteria necessary for a possible diagnosis of PTSD. This is generally described as a debilitating condition that follows an event that the person finds terrifying, either physically or emotionally, causing the person who has experienced the event to have persistent frightening thoughts and memories, or flashbacks, of the ordeal ( Parekh, 2017 ).

Some of the symptoms described by the participants were synonymous with the persons who had suffered PTSD. There is a strong possibility that such children have a high possibility of developing additional complications associated with this major mental health condition if it remains undiagnosed and untreated. All participants described having nightmares and sleep disruptions. Additionally, some of them reported feeling sad and becoming isolated or withdrawn. These are classic symptoms associated with PTSD ( Filipas & Ullman, 2006 ).

Filipas and Ullman (2006) examined the psychological effects of child sexual abuse as well as factors that contributed to revictimization in adult abuse. The study highlighted the link between maladaptive coping strategies and revictimization; stating that further studies are required into coping mechanisms because maladaptive coping creates a predisposition to sexual revictimization. Based on the research, there seems to be a link between avoidance forms of coping and symptoms associated with PTSD such as withdrawing from others, emotional numbing, and trying to forget the abuse, which can also lead to revictimization. Lev-Wiesel (2008) reviewed numerous studies examining the long-term impact of child sexual abuse, and found that the complications include numerous psychological, behavioral, and social difficulties such as: depression, psychological distress, low self-esteem, substance abuse, attempted suicide, severe posttraumatic stress, psychopathology disorders, harmful behaviors toward self, and dissociative disorders.

The prevalence of serious sexual assault in childhood (up to the age of 16) was reported in the context of a community mental health study executed by Bagley and Ramsay (2008) in a random sample of women. The findings report that 22% of women reported sexual abuse during childhood and that sexually abused women were twice as likely to have poor mental health problems compared to women who were not abused. This reiterates the necessity for early reporting of this crime, as well as specific intervention, proven to be effective in addressing child sexual abuse to prevent the future mental health issues ( Bagley & Ramsay, 2008 ).

Adverse Effects on Academic Performance

All participants in the sample for this study reported a decline in academic performance, which showed that the child was enduring sexual abuse. According to literature, school performance could be negatively affected because of child sexual abuse ( Odhayani, Watson, & Watson, 2013 ). School personnel and parents should therefore become more attune to such signs by being provided professional training through seminars and such material. Indeed, the common Caribbean response of penalizing a child for declining grades is to be reexamined as a potential red flag for further enquiry into possible abuse.

Social Isolation

Sixty percent of participants reported feeling isolated and losing interest in activities such as playing. Studies support these findings. Such studies noted that impairments in social functioning are common among children who are abused sexually, often resulting in feelings of social isolation ( Herbert, Langevin, & Bernier, 2013 ). These findings are further supported by the research conducted by Brown et al. (2008), who examined behavioral indicators of sexual abuse and highlighted self-imposed social isolation as one of the effects that sexual abuse has on children. Social isolation is a common indication and consequence of child sexual abuse. Karakurt and Silver (2014) indicated that poor social skills and interpersonal relationships were one of the most common issues among individuals who are abused sexually in childhood. This is more notable when the abuse is committed by a parent, which affects negatively the child’s capacity to foster trusting and affectionate relationship.

Depression and Emotional Scarring

The data collected in this study also indicated that 60% of children reported feeling ashamed, 60% said they felt sadness, and 40% stated they had suicidal thoughts because of being abused sexually. Participants of the study reported feelings of shame, confusion, sadness, and depression. Research conducted by Herbert et al. (2013) examined behavioral indicators among sexually abused preschoolers in comparison to preschoolers not abused sexually. Results of Herbert et al.’s study (2013) elaborated that sexually abused children reported higher levels of depressive symptoms than their nonabused counterparts.

Stigmatization and feelings of shame are experienced frequently by children who survive sexual abuse; because of these feelings, children would feel a sense of being different from their peers, making them vulnerable to establish feelings of social isolation. The literature also states that feelings of shame are frequently felt by children who survive sexual abuse. Sadness appears to be a crucial factor described by children who were abused sexually and was a key symptom of depression. Child sexual abuse leads to depression and emotional scarring. Research done by Hassan, Gary, Killion, and Lewin (2015) stated that African Americans reported externalized behaviors such as being more physically aggressive and demonstrating anger, in comparison to Latino participants reporting more internalized behaviors such as depression. Suicidal thoughts are frequently linked to depression or depressive symptoms.

Findings are in agreement with those by Hassan et al. (2015) , where participants stated that they generally felt anger, sadness, and depression, and some reported experiencing suicidal thoughts. According to the research conducted by Karakurt and Silver (2014) , undisputed evidence exists linking child sexual abuse to a significant risk of psychopathology, specifically PTSD, depression, and substance abuse. There are reported marked variations among survivors of child sexual abuse regarding the degree of harm, welfare, and overall ability to function.

Implications for Social Development Practice

There appears to be a link between patriarchal societies and the prevalence of child sexual abuse. Children and adolescents are subjected to abuse for reasons that include patriarchal ideology, worsened by age-related hierarchies in some societies such as Africa and Asia, which explains underreporting. Education continues to be an effective tool in minimizing or eradicating these forms of abuses. The study carried out by Shafe and Hutchinson (2015) is relevant to the present study because Caribbean societies continue to function heavily under patriarchal models. Male dominance is perpetuated, with many females being dependent on males to be the breadwinners and providers of the family. This, as discussed previously, has a serious implication regarding the motivations for underreporting or nonreporting of child sexual abuse. In agreement with Shafe and Hutchinson’s recommendations, one of the main recommendations arising from the findings of this research is to embark upon strong education campaigns aimed at generating increased awareness on the topic of child sexual abuse. Social workers should certainly become advocates to this cause and strive to promote greater levels of public awareness aimed at providing information to the population. This would ultimately result in increased reporting and early detection of this societal malady.

Former prime minister of Trinidad and Tobago Kamla Persad-Bissessar has highlighted in a recent newspaper article the need for all to do more to safeguard our young women and girls. She promoted equal rights while stating that we need to end discrimination against females in our society. The article cited Persad-Bissessar as stating that far too often young women and girls endure discrimination based solely on gender and are subjected to poverty, abuse, and denial of educational opportunities ( Chan Tack, 2017 ). The above article has emphasized the point in relation to patriarchal societies presently existing within many Caribbean regions where males dominate and retain power at every level of the society. Females continue to experience discrimination due to these existing ideologies and are often controlled by males. Based on previous studies as mentioned above in the section on literature review, there appears to be a link between such cultural norms and child sexual abuse. As such it is imperative to comprehend such culturally acceptable norms in order to effectively break the cycle and perpetuation of child sexual abuse in Trinidad and Tobago and the Caribbean region.

Kwhali, Martin, Brady, and Brown (2016) examined child sexual abuse and contemporary social work analyzing the findings, discussions, and implications of practice in the United Kingdom. Their research is relevant to the present study as it stemmed from a noticeable decline in the cases of child sexual abuse, with questions surrounding the possibility that practitioners were failing to report occurrences of child sexual abuse or child sexual exploitation. The majority of social workers interviewed in this study reported an overall sense of confidence in discussing and managing cases of familial child sexual abuse while noting that confidence was eroded due to heavy caseloads and staff shortage ( Kwhali et al., 2016 ).

This point is notably relevant to practice of social work in Trinidad, where many organizations struggle with staff shortage because of lack of funding and resources, resulting in high caseloads with staff becoming overburdened. This leads to challenges to manage competently the cases of child sexual abuse. As a former school social worker with three years’ of experience, the first author can confirm such challenges based on this exposure. One school social worker being assigned approximately six schools is impracticable and highly ineffective. In order for social work practice to become more effective in combating child sexual abuse in Trinidad and Tobago, staffing issues need to be addressed urgently. Additionally, it is necessary to review policies specifically pertaining to first-line personnel who respond to the cases of child sexual abuse. Owing to the nature of such cases, particularly the traumatic experiences of victims, all first-line responders should be subjected to mandatory weekly psychological counselling/debriefing sessions designed explicitly to address the possible transference of trauma from victims to responders. Participants of the study carried out by Kwhali et al. (2016) made mention to the time constraints regarding building a therapeutic relationship with the victims of child sexual abuse and emphasized that preparation and reflection were necessary tools, although rarely available, to manage such cases.

Allnock and Hynes (2012) conducted research on therapeutic services for sexually abused children and noted considerable evidence documenting the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy such as recommended by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence which included the use of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) as a first-line therapeutic approach in treating the symptoms of sexual abuse. This could be utilized in guiding intervention locally. Social workers in the research conducted by Kwhali et al. (2016) referred to the need for greater clarity regarding their specific roles where police investigations were in progress. Possible delays in accessing therapeutic intervention for children undergoing criminal investigations were among one of the concerns revealed. Another major concern which was consistently expressed by managers and social workers was the reliability and sustainability of voluntary sectors which provided direct therapeutic interventions following disclosure by sexually abused children. Participants spoke about prolonged waiting periods and limited availability of relevant services surprisingly for children with disabilities, teenagers, and belonging to minority ethnic groups. Similarly, based on the findings of this research, there appears to be having lengthy waiting periods for continuous therapeutic interventions (if at all such continuous interventions are available) necessary for sexually abused children. These children reported that they received an initial session only following disclosure, and more frequently follow-up and additional counselling sessions failed to occur. Based on the available literature, sexually abused children require structured and continuous therapy to assist them in successfully dealing with the trauma sustained from such an abuse. As such, it is recommended that local agencies currently providing such interventions acquire sufficient staff and resources, so that they are equipped to deliver interventions on a more reliable and sustainable basis.

Johnson and Worme-Charles (2016) examined the topic of child abuse and advocated for the necessity of an integrated multi-agency approach between police and other child protection organizations to effectively manage reported cases of child abuse. The above-mentioned paper further calls for clearly defined roles between agencies and service providers responsible for dealing with child abuse. Kwhali et al. (2016) stated that children experience anxiety as it pertains to giving evidence in court and talking to law enforcement officials, coupled with the fact that limited information could exacerbate the impact of abuse, resulting in increased distress for the child. A child-centered approach is recommended. This would entail agreements between social workers and police officers and the equality of working relationships between agencies. Children in Trinidad and Tobago also expressed fear when interacting with local law enforcement officials attached to the child protection unit. For necessary interventions to be attained, greater efforts regarding inter-agency collaborations are required. A memorandum of understanding (MoU) between the Children’s Authority of Trinidad and Tobago and the child protection unit is required so that both agencies can work closely to ensure the safety and protection of children and the prosecution of offenders while having a clear and guided understanding of the roles of each agency.

The study was designed to explore the effects of sexual abuse on children in Trinidad and Tobago and to determine whether children are in fact safe. Based on the data collected and analyzed as well as the prevailing theories and previous works on the subject, we deduced that children in Trinidad and Tobago are not safe and continue to be at risk of being abused sexually. Revictimization appeared to be a harsh reality for children who have endured sexual abuse. One could speculate that this might be due to the lack of structured, professional, and continuous therapy, which is a necessary factor in assisting children to recover from this type of trauma. Cultural practices within the Caribbean region could also be a significant factor when talking about the issue of therapy. The scores of all respondents on administration of the CRIES suggested a very high probability that they were suffering from PTSD because of enduring sexual abuse. This raised significant concerns regarding the type of therapeutic intervention available and administered to these vulnerable children as well as the severity of psychological distress these children were forced to deal with. This study would be a vital tool for the following:

Assisting in early detection of the effects of sexual abuse among children in Trinidad and Tobago and other Caribbean countries.

Ensuring greater sensitization and increased public awareness to this crucial but often uncomfortable topic.

The study would inevitably assist in preventing the perpetuation of such heinous crimes on society’s most vulnerable segment.

Protecting society’s most valuable assets for the future, that is, nation’s children and, by extension, its human capital.

Research as stated above, indicates that sexually abused children often develop maladaptive coping strategies and social development which can lead to long-term psychological disorders. Therefore, it is imperative that these children receive specific therapeutic interventions which are based on the techniques that have been proved effective in treating this population. The findings of this study revealed some major themes, where most participants reported several factors that were in agreement with the literature and could be utilized to identify the effects of child sexual abuse. Respondents disclosed as becoming isolated or withdrawn, a decline in academic performance, and losing interest in playing, some form of emotional scarring or mal adaptation and disruption in sleep and eating patterns. These findings are supported by the literature and could be used in developing sensitization campaigns or courses aimed at providing education to teachers, caregivers, and other persons who work with children.

The data from this study were retrieved from children who were abused sexually and highlighted some of the main effects of sexual abuse on children. Promotion of public awareness so that people could be equipped to identify the signs of child sexual abuse could be a crucial factor in combating this crime. This has been strongly supported in literature on the subject, specifically in the research conducted by Shafe and Hutchinson (2015) . Furthermore, feedback from the sampling seems to suggest that policies for agencies that respond to child sexual abuse may require reviewing and updating. Certainly, the way such policies are implemented by respective agencies requires revisiting. This study found that participants generally had a scary experience with law enforcement officials. As such, advanced training designed to educate officers on effective approach to intervene with sexually abused children could be beneficial. Additionally, agencies that are tasked with providing intervention in such cases, particularly first responders, should have their policies reviewed and receive necessary funding so that they could be adequately staffed and equipped with the tools that are necessary to execute their mandate.

Some of these agencies in Trinidad include the Emergency Response Team, which functions under the Children’s Authority, the Child Protection Unit, which functions under the Trinidad and Tobago Police Service, and the Victim & Witness Support Unit, which also functions under the Trinidad and Tobago Police Service. Further large-scale scientific enquiries surrounding child sexual abuse in Trinidad and Tobago and the Caribbean region should be conducted so that the data gathered from such studies could be used as a guide for policy review and amendment. Studies conducted in the Eastern Caribbean, Barbados, and Trinidad and Tobago indicate that the rate of child sexual abuse is distressing. These studies revealed that 70–80% of child sexual abuse victims are girls, and in 50% of these cases the perpetrators live with the victims ( Perrault, 2011 ).

The data are immensely alarming and emphasize the necessity of parents and primary care givers, teachers, school personnel, and the public to be enlightened. This could be possible by attending training seminars or by reading the material available through print and social media and designed to sensitize them on the observable effects of child sexual abuse. This could be a vital weapon in society’s arsenal for combating the underreporting, which often ensures an ideal environment for this crime to continue. Training should be devised to equip key personnel with the knowledge necessary to recognize whether child/children are victims of sexual abuse and the necessary steps to be initiated in cases of suspected abuse. Furthermore, everyone needs to be more vigilant regarding the people who are allowed access to children, particularly parents who leave children alone in the care of a family friend or acquaintance. Although not the intended subject matter of this study, the authors are compelled to note that if the prevalence of child sexual abuse is as high as shown by the statistics available in the public domain, then its large-scale effects do not paint a promising picture for the future of Trinidad and Tobago and may even be key indicators to many of the present problems faced by the country. On a national scale, it would appear that Trinidad and Tobago is building the future of socially damaged adults who are unable to perform at their fullest potential or form meaningful relationships without professional intervention. The effect on the country’s most valuable asset—its human potential—is therefore unquantifiable. The observable effects of child sexual abuse thus present vital indicators that children are not safe in Trinidad and Tobago. Moreover, these observable effects could be used as key indicators to combat the scourge of underreporting, which seems to dominate this country’s culture, thereby offering a ray of hope to those who need it most.

Conflict of Interest

The authors have no conflicts of interest in this study.

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Harvard-Style Citation

Harracksingh, R & Janagan Johnson, E. (2022) 'An Exploratory Study on Child Sexual Abuse and Exploitation', Social Development Issues . 43(2) doi: 10.3998/sdi.1823

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Vancouver-Style Citation

Harracksingh, R & Janagan Johnson, E. An Exploratory Study on Child Sexual Abuse and Exploitation. Social Development Issues. 2022 4; 43(2) doi: 10.3998/sdi.1823

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APA-Style Citation

Harracksingh, R & Janagan Johnson, E. (2022, 4 29). An Exploratory Study on Child Sexual Abuse and Exploitation. Social Development Issues 43(2) doi: 10.3998/sdi.1823

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Protecting children from exploitation means rethinking how we approach online behaviour

Professor, Gustavson School of Business, University of Victoria

Senior Lecturer in Management Systems, University of Hull

Disclosure statement

Dionysios Demetis has received funding from HEIF.

Jan Kietzmann does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

University of Hull provides funding as a member of The Conversation UK.

University of Victoria provides funding as a member of The Conversation CA-FR.

University of Victoria provides funding as a member of The Conversation CA.

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Raising children in the digital age is increasingly challenging. Many younger people are relying more on screens for social interactions. They experiment with new media sharing options, such as TikTok, Snapchat and BeReal, but without necessarily having the ability to consider long-term consequences.

This is normal, as children still have an underdeveloped prefrontal cortex : the part of the brain that is responsible for reasoning, decision-making and impulse control.

Parents, who are tasked with anticipating the consequences of digital interactions, are overwhelmed. Many parents might lack the digital literacy to guide their children through the numerous social media options, messaging apps and other online platforms available today.

This situation can lead to children falling victim to online sexual exploitation. In our research , we collected data from a diverse group of experts in the U.S. and U.K. This included interviews with internet safety non-profits, safeguarding teams, cybercrime police officers, digital forensics staff and directors of intelligence. A main cause behind the rapid escalation of online child sexual exploitation is the ability to share explicit content online.

Our research unveiled four distinct stages used by perpetrators.

Perpetrators and escalation

In Stage 1 , perpetrators utilize various technological tools and networks, such as social media, messaging apps, games and online forums, to initiate contact with potential victims. They often create false identities by using fake images to develop convincing digital personas, through which they approach children, such as pretending to be a “new kid on the block” seeking new friends.

In Stage 2 , perpetrators use tactics like posing as a similar-aged child to build trust with potential victims. This can happen over a considerable period of time. In one case we studied, a 12-year-old in Lee County, N.C., received 1,200 messages from the same perpetrator over 2 years. During this stage, offenders may send their own explicit images to lower a victim’s suspicion, and may target multiple victims until successful.

In Stage 3 , perpetrators engage in online extortion. They use photographs provided by victims or manipulate innocent photos to appear sexual or pornographic . Perpetrators then share these images to their victims to keep them in a state of suspended humiliation. This is further escalated when perpetrators threaten to share these embarrassing images with the victim’s friends, teachers or family unless their victims send more explicit photos or videos.

Many extortion techniques and direct threats are being used at this stage. It is difficult to imagine the psychological pressures this can create for children. In one case described to us, a 12-year-old girl uploaded 660 sexually explicit images of herself to a cloud-based storage account controlled by a 25-year-old perpetrator before seeking help.

In Stage 4 , perpetrators start trafficking these images on peer-to-peer networks , the dark web and even child pornographic networks.

Preventing online exploitation

There are common mistakes that parents can avoid to help prevent exploitation. By sharing these, it is our hope that parents, policymakers, school boards and even children will rethink their approach to online behaviour.

1. “That won’t happen to us!” Many victims and their families fall prey to optimism bias , thinking that negative events are unlikely to happen to them. However, online crimes can affect anyone. Unfortunately, these incidents occur more frequently than most people realize. No family is exempt from the potential dangers of the online world.

2. “Everyone else is doing it!” Parents oversharing pictures of their children online has become commonplace. Many cannot resist the pressure or temptation to post photos of their children on social media. Very often, it is these photographs that are edited and distorted to appear as pornographic. All family members need to resist the pressure to overshare pictures online.

3. “My kids don’t mind!” Many children today have a digital presence that was initiated and maintained by their parents without their consent. This disregard for children’s privacy not only undermines their autonomy, but can also have a lasting impact on their self-confidence , their personal and professional future, and the parent-child relationship.

Creating a digital life for children at a young age could also desensitize them to the importance of online privacy. The assumption that children will not mind is erroneous. In one case, a court in Rome decided that a mother should take down all images of her son from Facebook and pay a €10,000 fine if she continued to post photos without his consent.

4. “We cannot keep up with their technology!” Many parents are overwhelmed and intimidated when they cannot keep up with their kids. As technology continues to play a critical role in children’s lives, improving digital literacy of parents through online resources and schools needs to become a priority. Parents need to seek and receive support to understand the technology their children are using.

5. “They’re just online, talking to friends!” Despite being very involved and interested in who their children talk to on the way home from school or at their friends’ houses, parents might not be as aware of who their children talk to online. Just like they show an interest in their child’s real-world interactions, the benefits and dangers of online behaviour need to be an equally important and frequent topic of conversation.

Online child sexual exploitation is a grave and multifaceted issue that demands our unwavering attention. Only by carefully considering these critical concerns can we hope to prevent children from falling victim to these crimes.

• Social media
• Child abuse
• Adolescents
• Child sexual abuse
• Online abuse
• Children online

Dean, Faculty of Education

Lecturer in Indigenous Health (Identified)

Social Media Producer

PhD Scholarship

Senior Lecturer, HRM or People Analytics

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Online Child Exploitation Essays

A collaborative private-public initiative addressing human trafficking and sexual exploitation, popular essay topics.

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Child Trafficking for the Purposes of Sexual Exploitation Research Paper

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Introduction

Literature review, research methods, discussion of results, reference list.

This paper focuses on child trafficking for sex exploitation, the factors that facilitate its growth and the reason why it is hard to detect and deter. Additionally, the paper focuses on the multiplicity of the issues and how this negates the gains made in efforts to combat the crime. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate child trafficking for the purpose of sex exploitation.

As such, the paper reviews existing literature. Since the paper aims at borrowing heavily from recent research, the study discriminates against studies conducted more than ten years ago. This research revels that child trafficking has grown into fully fledged trade. Child trafficking tends to transform, with time. This calls for continued research.

Human trafficking is a complicated problem. However, to understand scope within which the problem can be defined, UNICEF through the Palermo Protocol has provided a working definition.

Regardless of this, human trafficking assumed numerous dimensions. Coupled with the fact that human trafficking keeps transforming complicates it further. Numerous efforts have been initiated to curb the vice. However, lack of coordination affects progress towards successfully curbing the vice. Additionally lack information negates any anti child trafficking initiatives.

While trafficking of children for sex exploitation has flourished as a trade, the issue is obscured by overall efforts targeting the human trafficking. This necessitates further studies focusing on child trafficking for sex exploitation. This study focuses on the various issues dealing with child trafficking for exploitation as sex slaves and also proposes numerous ingenious recommendations (UNICEF, 2005).

Human trafficking is an age old tradition, and common in many parts of the world. This phenomenon is manifested in various ways. Additionally, human trafficking has undergone transformation over time. This makes it difficult to detect, define and deter (Norris, 2008).

While human trade has been there since time immemorial, the complexity of the matter is intensified by the fact that the term trafficking is used to refer to the various activities that involves the illegal transfer of people across borders (Dottridge, 2008). Because these activities are varied, it is thus difficult to develop a universally acceptable definition of the term human trafficking. Human trafficking is precipitated by a combination of factors, which further increases the complexity of the matter.

The major factors that precipitate human trafficking are: demand for cheap labor across national borders, the evolution of sex as an economic activity and the restrictions imposed on legal cross border migration (Norris, 2008). Additionally, globalization has facilitated human trafficking since it has opened opportunities for people to legally cross international border in such of better economic opportunities (Vadura, 2009).

Despite the fact that there are existing difficulties involved in defining and understating human trafficking (Dottridge’s 2008), the United Nations has developed a definition within which human trafficking is perceived. This definition is contained in the Palermo Protocol, which sets to harmonize the various issues involved in human trafficking.

According to UNICEF Article 3(a) of the Palermo Protocol, human trafficking is defined as “recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion … for the purpose of exploitation” (UNICEF, 2005).

Within this definition, the scope of children trafficking is alluded to, in that UNICEF refers to human trafficking as involving the transfer of people in vulnerable positions for the purposes of exploitation, which including sexual exploitation (Tiurukanova and Institute for Urban Economics, 2006). Since children are some of the most vulnerable social groups, their plight is recognized within this definition.

Children are the biggest victims of trafficking for the purposes of sexual exploitation as well as to supply cheap labor (Tiurukanova and Institute for Urban Economics, 2006). There seems to be two major markets for child slaves: countries within conflict zones, and rich countries mostly in Europe.

According to UNICEF, Poverty seems to be the motivating factor for traffic of children to these two markets (UNICEF, 2005). In conflict zones, children are recruited into armies and act as soldiers, chefs, messengers and other minor duties related to war. Eventually, they are introduced to sex slavery. However, children are trafficked to economically developed countries with the promise of good jobs. They are gradually forced into sex trade (Wolthuis and Blaak 2001).

Governments as well as local and International Non Governmental Organizations and other human rights organizations have with time increased surveillance activities to deter human trafficking (Dottridge (2008). This phenomenon obscures child trafficking, since the interests of children vulnerable to trafficking are largely ignored.

This phenomenon makes children trafficking especially for sexual exploitation successful. Additionally, that little data exists on the number of children trafficked throughout the world (Dottridge, 2008). With regards to the notion that there exists minimal data on the magnitude of child traficking, answer to Dottridge (2008) assertions, UNICEF confirms that by the year 2001, the number of children trafficked annually had reached 1.8 million (Staiger, 2005).

This indicates that child trafficking has matured as a trade and is necessitated by a number of factors. As such, due to the ever changing nature of child trafficking, there needs to be concerted efforts aimed at curbing this vice. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the latest developments and propose workable solutions.

The purpose of this research paper is to evaluate the extent of child trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation by reviewing existing research results. As such, archival research method seems relevant for this paper. To arrive at conclusive results, data was sought from scholarly articles as well as from standard documents from recognized bodies such as UNICEF.

Researching for this paper required that a working definition be established. As such, to arrive at this definition, various sources were consulted, all of which pointed to the UN Palermo Protocol. This was thus taken as the standard working definition for this paper. Once the standard definition was established, various recent documents were sought with the aim of establishing latest research results.

These documents were organized into those dealing with the nature of the industry, this dealing with causative factors and those highlighting suggested recommendations. To arrive at a well informed paper, ideas within these papers were compared and contrasted. This was not only intended at highlighting the differences in ideas within but also attempted to harmonize these ideas into a workable solutions. Conclusions were then drawn from these varied sources.

Human trafficking is a fledging global problem despite the concerted efforts to curb it. Despite the numerous laws developed to curtail the growth of human trade, the vice has continuously been transformed, making it difficult to deter. Human trafficking is multifaceted; it takes various forms which usually go undetected.

The scope within which child trafficking is perceived as can be termed as: any illegal transfer of persons in positions of vulnerability for the purposes of exploitation (UNICEF 2005; Tiurukanova and Institute for Urban Economics (2006).

These include servitude, exploitation for sex, trade of human parts, slavery and any other purpose which is against the basic human rights. UNICEF in this case does not mention child trafficking (UNICEF, 2005). However, the plight of children vulnerable to trafficking is alluded to in this definition by the mere mentioned of the term vulnerable groups (Tiurukanova and Institute for Urban Economics, 2006).

Existing data indicate variation in the number of children involved in child trafficking. Different sources indicate varying figures. About 1.8 million children are trafficked for the purposes of sexual exploitation (UNICEF, 2005). But by 2007 the figure had risen to puts the figure at 2 million (Rafferty, 2007).

Child trafficking seems to be precipitated by economic factors and that it is estimated that the industry is worth more than US $ 5m (UNICEF, 2005). In his regard it is imperative to mention that there are two major markets for child trafficking, an idea that is loosely alluded to by (Wolthuis and Blaak, 2001; Staiger, 2005).

The biggest market is into the rich nations especially in Europe and the United States of America. Within this market children are lured from poorer countries in Africa, Europe and Asia with the promise of good jobs. Most of the risky groups for this market are women in their teens, especially those who come from poverty prone areas (Wolthuis and Blaak, 2001).

Additionally, these teen girls have low levels of education. This makes them more vulnerable to trafficking since their low level of education only qualifies them for low paying jobs. Children are coerced, or manipulated into sex slavery and prostitution. These children are recruited for production of pornographic films and movies for sale (Tiurukanova and Institute for Urban Economics, 2006; Wolthuis and Blaak, 2001).

The second biggest market for child trafficking is within the conflict regions. Within these regions, children are usually recruited as soldiered, couriers, chefs, cleaners and other jobs related to war. Those vulnerable for trafficking into conflict zones are children vulnerable to economic hardships as well as those with low levels of education (Wolthuis and Blaak 2001).

Regardless of the market into which these children are trafficked, the consequences are usually similar. These children are subject to both physical and psychological abuse. They are also exposed to abuse of drugs, infection of dangerous STDs such as HIV, as well as death. Isolation from family members, relatives and friends has negative socio-psychological impact on the victims (Tiurukanova and Institute for Urban Economics 2006).

Child trafficking for the purposes of sexual exploitation thrives due to a number of factors. Globalization is one of the major factor which facilities which has led to elimination of strict legal cross border restrictions (Vadura, 2009). However, this notion is not universally acceptable since economic benefits seem to trigger child trafficking (Norris, 2008).

However, international migration laws have necessitated child trafficking, as cunning child traffickers seek to exploit the gains of globalization. These children end up being sex slaves. Rise of sex an economic activity, the imposition of cross border migration laws and the demand for cheap labor in developed countries mainly contributes to child trafficking (Norris, 2008). Combined, these four factors have made it easier to develop a thriving trade of children for the purposes of sex exploitation.

Currently, efforts to deter human trafficking are minimal and less effective. However, there needs to be development of guidelines specifically targeting trafficking of children for sexual exploitation. Additionally, these guidelines should be multi layered: should have the ability to be implemented at both the national and international level (Dottridge, 2008).

Furthermore, there should be a multi layered anti child trafficking guidelines (Tiurukanova and Institute for Urban Economics, 2006; Dottridge 2008). However the most effective means to curb child trafficking for sexual exploitation should mainly involve bridging the existing information gaps (Tiurukanova and Institute for Urban Economics, 2006). This will largely involve establishing a system that coordinates anti child trafficking initiatives at both national and international levels.

Additionally, there needs to be public forum to discuss the issue. These forums should target men, especially with the aim of educating them on the negative elements of the vice since men “create the demand for sex slavery” (Dottridge, 2008). Thus, there is need to implement findings of research done with regards child trafficking, as well as increase financial backing to anti child trafficking initiatives (Tiurukanova and Institute for Urban Economics, 2006)

Child trafficking for sexual exploitation is a thriving industry, worth more than US $ 5m (UNICEF 2005). This involves trafficking of more than about 2 million children annually. This is indicative of the enormous economic value of child trafficking. a combination of demand for cheap labor, demand for sex, globalization and the limitation of migration laws seems to include child trafficking (Norris, 2008; Vadura, 2009).

However, all these factors seem to conglomerate around a number of issues directly related to economics. To begin with, victims of child trafficking are venerable because of economics reasons. As explained by risky groups come from areas hard hit by poverty and economic decline (UNICEF, 2005; Wolthuis and Blaak, 2001).

As such, these victims see the opportunity to move abroad in search of better jobs as chances not only to empower themselves economically but also their families. Additionally, victims of child trafficking for sexual exploitation have low levels of education. This makes them only qualify for low levels jobs, and subject to exploitation. This adds to their vulnerability. The promise of well paying jobs abroad seems an opportunity for personal economic growth

Child traffickers take advantage of such vulnerability. The lure of better jobs abroad especially in economically developed countries makes these children easy targets. Once inside the child trafficking rings, these children are manipulated coerced and threatened into sexual prostitution, production of pornographic films and sex slavery. The fact that these children are illegal immigrants with no chance for legal recourse traps them inside the vice. This makes them into objects of trade for the benefit of child traffickers.

Human trafficking is complicated by its multifaceted nature, making efforts to deter it almost impossible. However a combination of initiatives would go along way into curbing this menace. As explained by the formulation of multi layered legal framework would enable anti child trafficking forces deter this vice (Dottridge, 2008).

These guidelines would be implemented at both the national and international level. While this implies the need for cross national cooperation, these guidelines would not be beneficial without proper coordination efforts.

As such, implementation of intergovernmental coordination seems relevant (Tiurukanova and Institute for Urban Economics, 2006). Additionally, the fact that child trafficking is a multi million dollar industry need an equal amount of funding to effectively deal with powerful cartels that control child trafficking. As such, increased funding would go along way in giving anti child trafficking agents the necessary financial might (Tiurukanova and Institute for Urban Economics, 2006).

Since child trafficking is in constant state of transformation, it should be subject to constant review. As such, continuous studies need to be done, to assist the anti child trafficking agents understand its changing dynamics. Findings of these studies should be implemented (Tiurukanova and Institute for Urban Economics, 2006). Combinedly, all these efforts would not only target to bridge the information gap that exists but also help reduce cases of child trafficking significantly.

Child trafficking for the purpose of sex exploitation has grown into a multi million dollar industry. Victims of this heinous act are usually left with both physical and psychological scars. A lot of efforts seem to be directed towards combating human trafficking. This obscures the trafficking of children for the purposes of sex exploitation.

To combat this crime, new initiatives needs to be directed towards curbing trafficking of children. This will only be achieved through continued research and implementation of research findings. Additionally increased coordination of anti trafficking initiates coupled with increased funding would enable anti child trafficking agents deal with the menace more efficiently

Dottridge, M., (2008). C hild trafficking for sexual purposes. Web.

This is a theme paper on child trafficking. The paper provides insights into the general issues involved in child trafficking, challenges and possible solutions. The paper also notes that there has been very little effort in developing guidelines to deal with child trafficking for sexual exploitation.

Norris, L., (2008). Child Trafficking in the UK: An examination of contemporary approaches. Internet Journal of Criminology. Web.

This is an exploratory study into the current thinking with regards to human trafficking. Norris focuses on trafficking of children into UK, and suggests three major factors which facilitate trafficking children into UK. Additionally, child trafficking is seen as an ever changing phenomenon.

Rafferty, Y., (2007). Children for Sale: Child Trafficking in Southeast Asia. Child Abuse Review 16:401-422.

This is an exploratory study into sale of children in Asia as sex slaves. The paper focuses on numbers of children trafficked. Additionally the paper describes the various types of children sex slaves as well as the various types of sex crime offenders

Staiger, I. (2005). Trafficking in Children for the purpose of Sexual Exploitation in the EU. European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice 13(4):603-624.

This is an expository study that focuses on the statistics of children being trafficked into the European Union. Other than focusing on other issues related to child trafficking, the study also highlights the economic value of the European child slave industry.

Tiurukanova, E. and Institute for Urban Economics. (2006). Human trafficking in the Russian federation Inventory and analysis of the current Situation and responses . Web.

This is an extensive report on the human trafficking situation in Russia. The report focuses on the transit of human from countries of origin into Russia. Additionally, this report provides novel recommendation on how to curb the human trafficking vice.

UNICEF. (2005). Combating Child Trafficking. UNICEF . Web.

This is the blue print document as pertaining child trafficking. The paper provides the legal scope of human trafficking, the statistics as well as other legal enforcement procedure implemented in efforts to curb human trafficking.

Vadura, K., (2009). Globalization and human commodities: combating child trafficking in the European Union. The International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences. Web.

This is an expository study which reveals a number of issues concerning the trafficking of children and women. The paper defines human trafficking as an issue that violates basic human rights. Additionally, globalization is highlighted as major factor which facilitates human trafficking.

Wolthuis, A., and Blaak, M., (2001). Trafficking in children for sexual purposes from Eastern Europe to Western Europe . Web.

This is a special study that focuses on the trafficking of children for sexual exploitation within the European Union. The study not only focuses on the movement of children from Eastern to Western Europe but also described vulnerable groups at risk of trafficking.

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Child Exploitation

Slavery has been banned worldwide since the UN of 1948 officially designated illegal in any part of Article 4 of the Human Rights Declaration. Nevertheless, countless people are being exploited like slaves, the Taleban of Senegal is also a victim of this dilemma. Taliban refers to a Muslim male student or disciple. ("Senegal") They are usually children under the age of 12, and it is not uncommon for children to be 4 years old. Or at least that should be the case.

Child sexual exploitation by children's sexual exploitation is a form of child sexual abuse. It involves exploitative situations, situations and relationships, in which case the child accepts something for performance and / or other people or other people do sexual acts against them. Child sexual exploitation can occur through the use of technology. Family sexual abuse by family, or sexual abuse in family environment or environment. These crimes reflect modern family units, considering the relationship between people and children who live in their families and who have the trust or authority over their children, as well as their relationships, adoptions, parenting, marriage or life It is. As a partner

Three minors of sexual exploitation and one child exploitation crime of elementary school third grader. Pokryfka deals with children's sexual abuse photos / videos for children between 5 and 10 years old. He was arrested when he sent photographs of children's sexual abuse to the Department of Homeland Security's Secret Information Office. Originally held with 100,000 dollars of bonds, he was accused of throwing and possessing child pornography 2 times on August 13, 2013. In the transaction, Pokryfka acknowledged guilty on charges of child pornography on 24th November 2014.

On September 23, 2014, Daniel Shaw, a 47-year-old information technology (IT) staff at Purdue University, was arrested and charged with two heavy crimes, child pornography and felony child exploitation. On January 27, 2015, he admitted guilty to child pornography. He is scheduled to be sentenced on April 7, 2015. He is filming footage of children's video / "sexual abuse of naked or sexually suggestive posture, sexual acts or sadistic abuse at the strip show". He received a $ 500 cash deposit and a $ 5,000 deposit. He has worked at Purdue University since 2009. The university said that he left for "personnel reasons" after he was arrested.

What do you think of first when you think of ? Most likely you think about sweatshops. But in what other ways are children exploited? Kids are used, abused, bruised and broken in numerous ways around the world from slavery to prostitution. In the UAE, for example, children are taken as infants from their homes in Bangladesh to be used as camel jockeys. When they are too heavy, they are turned loose to die in the desert. Plus, while they are being held captive, they are caged, beaten and starved. Now where are these child rights organizations that are fighting for kids in sweatshops? How can the world sit back and condone such behavior? Children are dying for the sake of a sport and ... Already a member? 10/13/2004 09:45:16 PM Premium Paper 574 3 | � � � � � � � � � � | | Copyright © 2024 Essayworld. All rights reserved 421 IMAGES An Essay on Child Labor Child Labour AND Child Abuse Child Labour Essay in English for students || Essay on Child Labour|| Causes, Impact & Solution Child Abuse in the World Free Essay Example Child Labour in India Essay Child Exploitation Essay VIDEO 10 Lines Essay About Child Labour In English || Child labour essay|| Let's learn || Know2Protect: Together We Can Stop Online Child Exploitation ZOMBIE ACTION MASTERPIECE? Burial Ground (1981) Child Exploitation Learning event Partnership disruption in North Yorkshire Child Abuse Essay In English (300 Words) the worst mom on tiktok // jacquelyn's social media accounts need to be banned COMMENTS Child Exploitation: Causes, Negative Consequences Climate change, natural disasters, pollution, the depletion of natural resources, destroying ecosystems, invasion of multiple diseases, and dumping toxic wastes may be regarded as the most prominent causes of child exploitation (Myers & Theytaz-Bergman, 2017). According to UNICEF, "over half a billion children are living in areas with ... PDF Action to End Child Sexual Abuse and Exploitation 3 Ending Child Sexual Abuse and Exploitation: A Review of the Evidence INTRODUCTION The sexual abuse and exploitation of children is a violation of human rights and a public health problem with significant consequences for global health and development 1. Awareness has grown of the nature and scale of the problem 127 Child Abuse Research Topics & Free Essay Examples Here are some child abuse essay topics that we can suggest: The problem of child abuse in the US (Canada, the UK) Child abuse: Types and definitions. Child neglect crimes and their causes. Current solutions to the problem of sexual abuse of children. The importance of child maltreatment prevention programs. Child Exploitation Essay The first essay is a long essay on the Child Exploitation of 400-500 words. This long essay about Child Exploitation is suitable for students of class 7, 8, 9 and 10, and also for competitive exam aspirants. The second essay is a short essay on Child Exploitation of 150-200 words. These are suitable for students and children in class 6 and below. Action to End Child Sexual Abuse and Exploitation: A Review of the The findings of this evidence review are summarized in Action to End Child Sexual Abuse and Exploitation, where you can find an action framework to prevent and respond to child sexual abuse and exploitation. Full report (pdf, 8 MB) Technical appendix (pdf, 2 MB) This evidence review documents what we know about the extent, nature and ... Different Types Of Child Exploitation Here we look at the different types of child exploitation, how it has changed over the years, and how we can break the cycle of abuse. Published: 18 November 2021. Prosecuted 'prostitutes' Twenty years ago we published our first ground-breaking report on child sexual exploitation in Britain. Back then, children who were sexually exploited ... Child Abuse and Exploitation: What We Know About the ... Abstract. Child sexual abuse and exploitation are aspects of the broader problem of violence against children. Child sexual abuse refers to the involvement of a child in sexual activity that he or ... (PDF) Critical Perspectives: Child Sexual Exploitation ... This essay will critically. discuss three underpinning assumptions in child sexua l exploitation theory and practice related to. prevention and practice: (a) That children take risks which lead to ... PDF Preventing and Responding to Child Sexual Abuse and Exploitation Table 1. Prevalence of child sexual abuse by region from two meta-analyses, Andrews et al. 2004 and Stoltenborgh et al. 2011 (percentages) Table 2. Risks of child sexual abuse and exploitation Table 3. The impacts of child sexual abuse and exploitation Table 4. Common protective factors for child maltreatment Table 5. An Exploratory Study on Child Sexual Abuse and Exploitation Literature Review. Child sexual abuse is defined as follows: The misuse of power and authority, combined with force or coercion, which leads to the exploitation of children in situations where adults, or children sufficiently older than the victim to have greater strength and power, seek sexual gratification through those who are developmentally immature and where, as a result, consent from ... PDF SUMMARY PAPER ON ONLINE CHILD SEXUAL EXPLOITATION UMMARY PAPER ONONLINE CHILD SEXUAL EXPLOITATIONECPAT International is a global network of civil society organisaions working together. to end the sexual exploitation of children (SEC). ECPAT comprises member organisations in over 100 countries who generate knowledge, raise awareness, and advocate to prote. t children from all forms of sexual ... Protecting children from exploitation means rethinking how we approach There are common mistakes that parents can avoid to help prevent exploitation. By sharing these, it is our hope that parents, policymakers, school boards and even children will rethink their ... Sexual Exploitation Essay Child Sexual Exploitation Essay. All children and young people are potentially at risk of being sexually exploited. Child sexual exploitation (CSE) is a form of child sexual abuse where an individual or group takes advantage of an imbalance of power to coerce, manipulate or deceive a child or young person under the age of 18 into sexual ... Child Trafficking and Sexual Exploitation Essay Get a custom essay on Child Trafficking and Sexual Exploitation. Trafficking in children is a global problem that has serious consequences to the present and future generations. An estimated number of 1 to 1.2 million children is trafficked globally annually (Beyrer 2004). The global trafficking industry is estimated to have a turnover of more ... Child Sexual Exploitation All children and young people are potentially at risk of being sexually exploited. Child sexual exploitation (CSE) is a form of child sexual abuse where an individual or group takes advantage of an imbalance of power to coerce, manipulate or deceive a child or young person under the age of 18 into sexual activity (a) in exchange for something the victim needs or wants, and/or (b) for the ... Sexual exploitation of children: Issues in treatment The sexual exploitation of children includes sex trafficking, child pornography, and child prostitution. Exploited children carry the effects of sexual abuse for many years in an agonizing struggle with sexual dysfunction, depression, insomnia, suicide attempts, and self-mutilation. The population mostly affected by child exploitation is ... Essay On Child Sexual Exploitation 6 Pages. Open Document. Child Sexual Exploitation is defined on LegalDictionary.com as "Child exploitation is the act of using, coercing, manipulating, or deceiving a minor child for profit, labor, sexual gratification, or some other personal or financial advantage. Child exploitation often results in cruel or harmful treatment of the child ... Child Sexual Abuse 11 essay samples found. Child Sexual Abuse involves the exploitation or coercion of a minor into sexual activities. Essays could explore the devastating impacts, prevention strategies, legal framework, and support systems for survivors. Discussing societal attitudes and how to foster a protective environment for children can also be a part of ... Online Child Exploitation Essay Examples Online Child Exploitation Essays. A Collaborative Private-Public Initiative Addressing Human Trafficking and Sexual Exploitation. Project Protect is a private-public initiative for addressing human trafficking for sexual exploitation. The initiative focuses on money laundering crime to address human trafficking and sexual exploitation issues. Preventing Child Sexual Exploitation He pled guilty to two counts of exploitation of a minor and as part of a plea agreement admitted to using his computer to record, store, and transmit videos depicting the sexual abuse of a child under the age of 12. Yang was sentenced to spend 38 years in federal prison, and a fine of $250,000 (U.S. Department of Justice, 2014). Child Trafficking for the Purposes of Sexual Exploitation ... Existing data indicate variation in the number of children involved in child trafficking. Different sources indicate varying figures. About 1.8 million children are trafficked for the purposes of sexual exploitation (UNICEF, 2005). But by 2007 the figure had risen to puts the figure at 2 million (Rafferty, 2007). Child Exploitation composition example Essay sample library > Child Exploitation. Child Exploitation 2023-12-14 20:54:41. ... Child sexual exploitation by children's sexual exploitation is a form of child sexual abuse. It involves exploitative situations, situations and relationships, in which case the child accepts something for performance and / or other people or other people do ... Child Exploitation In the UAE, for example, children are taken as infants from their homes in Bangladesh to be used as camel jockeys. When they are too heavy, they are turned loose to die in the desert. Plus, while they are being held captive, they are caged, beaten and starved. assignment essay homework paper phd report review speech thesis