grade 12 biology assignments

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Class 12 Biology Assignments

We have provided below free printable Class 12 Biology Assignments for Download in PDF. The Assignments have been designed based on the latest NCERT Book for Class 12 Biology . These Assignments for Grade 12 Biology cover all important topics which can come in your standard 12 tests and examinations. Free printable Assignments for CBSE Class 12 Biology , school and class assignments, and practice test papers have been designed by our highly experienced class 12 faculty. You can free download CBSE NCERT printable Assignments for Biology Class 12 with solutions and answers. All Assignments and test sheets have been prepared by expert teachers as per the latest Syllabus in Biology Class 12. Students can click on the links below and download all Pdf Assignments for Biology class 12 for free. All latest Kendriya Vidyalaya Class 12 Biology Assignments with Answers and test papers are given below.

Biology Class 12 Assignments Pdf Download

We have provided below the biggest collection of free CBSE NCERT KVS Assignments for Class 12 Biology . Students and teachers can download and save all free Biology assignments in Pdf for grade 12th. Our expert faculty have covered Class 12 important questions and answers for Biology as per the latest syllabus for the current academic year. All test papers and question banks for Class 12 Biology and CBSE Assignments for Biology Class 12 will be really helpful for standard 12th students to prepare for the class tests and school examinations. Class 12th students can easily free download in Pdf all printable practice worksheets given below.

Topicwise Assignments for Class 12 Biology Download in Pdf

Advantages of Class 12 Biology Assignments

• As we have the best and largest collection of Biology assignments for Grade 12, you will be able to easily get full list of solved important questions which can come in your examinations.
• Students will be able to go through all important and critical topics given in your CBSE Biology textbooks for Class 12 .
• All Biology assignments for Class 12 have been designed with answers. Students should solve them yourself and then compare with the solutions provided by us.
• Class 12 Students studying in per CBSE, NCERT and KVS schools will be able to free download all Biology chapter wise worksheets and assignments for free in Pdf
• Class 12 Biology question bank will help to improve subject understanding which will help to get better rank in exams

Frequently Asked Questions by Class 12 Biology students

At https://www.cbsencertsolutions.com, we have provided the biggest database of free assignments for Biology Class 12 which you can download in Pdf

We provide here Standard 12 Biology chapter-wise assignments which can be easily downloaded in Pdf format for free.

You can click on the links above and get assignments for Biology in Grade 12, all topic-wise question banks with solutions have been provided here. You can click on the links to download in Pdf.

We have provided here topic-wise Biology Grade 12 question banks, revision notes and questions for all difficult topics, and other study material.

We have provided the best collection of question bank and practice tests for Class 12 for all subjects. You can download them all and use them offline without the internet.

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Biology Worksheets, Notes, and Quizzes (PDF and PNG)

This is a collection of free biology worksheets, notes, handouts, slides, study guides and quizzes. Most content targets high school, AP biology, genetics, anatomy/physiology, immunology, and biology 101 and 102 in college. There is also biochemistry and physics for biologists. However, some resources are at the grade school and middle school level.

The files are PDF, PNG, JPG, and formats using Google Apps for Google Classroom. Most of the time, these formats are interchangeable. So, if you see something you like, but want a different format, just let us know. Print these resources, make transparencies and slides, etc.

In the interest of quick load time, not all of the images are shown. If you’d rather see them all, just contact us!

Biochemistry

[ Google apps worksheet ][ worksheet PDF ][ answers PDF ][ worksheet PNG ][ answers PNG ]

Enzymes Definitions

[ Google Slides worksheet ][ worksheet PDF ][ answers PDF ][ worksheet PNG ][ answers PNG ]

• 20 Amino Acids [ PNG ][ PDF ]
• Amino Acid Side Chains [ PNG ][ PDF ]
• Identifying Type of Biological Macromolecules [ Google Slides worksheet ][ worksheet PDF ][ answers PDF ][ worksheet PNG ][ answers PNG ]
• Disaccharide Examples [ PNG ]
• Products of Photosynthesis [ JPG ]
• Anabolism vs Catabolism [ PNG ]
• 3 Parts of a Nucleotide [ PNG ]
• Fermentation Definition and Examples [ PNG ]

General and Cell Biology

Organelles and Their Functions

Parts of a Plant Cell

Label Parts of a Chloroplast

[ Google Apps worksheet ][ worksheet PDF ][ answers PDF ][ worksheet PNG ][ answers PNG ]

Label Parts of a Mitochondria

Label the Animal Cell

[ Google Apps worksheet ][ worksheet PDF ][ worksheet PNG ][ answers PNG ]

Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes Worksheet

Steps of the Cell Cycle

Steps of Mitosis

Membrane Transport Terms and Definitions

Membrane Transport Worksheet #2

The Plasma Membrane

Label a Bacterial Cell

• Label a Bacteriophage [ Google Apps worksheet ][ worksheet PDF ][ worksheet PNG ][ answers PNG ]
• Evidence of Evolution Worksheet [ Google Apps worksheet ][ Worksheet PDF ][ Worksheet PNG ][ Answers PNG ]
• Evolutionary Processes Worksheet [ worksheet Google Apps ][ worksheet PDF ][ worksheet PNG ][ answers PNG ]
• Major Receptor Families [ Google Apps worksheet ][ worksheet PDF ][ worksheet PNG ][ answers PNG ]
• Label a Bacterial Cell Membrane ( E. coli ) [ Google Apps worksheet ][ worksheet PDF ][ worksheet PNG ][ answers PNG ]

Anatomy and Physiology

These worksheets are only a portion of the available anatomy and physiology worksheets. Human anatomy and physiology worksheets have their own section.

Label the Heart

Label the Eye

[ Google Apps worksheet ][ worksheet PDF ][ answers PDF ][ worksheet PNG ]

Types of Blood Cells

[ worksheet Google Apps ][ worksheet PDF ][ worksheet PNG ][ answers PNG ]

Label the Muscles

[ worksheet PDF ][ worksheet PNG ][ answers PNG ]

Label the Ear

[ Google Apps worksheet ][ Worksheet PDF ][ Worksheet PNG ][ Answers PNG ]

Label the Lungs

Label the Kidney

Label the Liver

Label the Large Intestine

Label the Stomach

[ Google Apps worksheet ] [Worksheet PDF ][ Worksheet PNG ][ Answers PNG ]

External Nose Anatomy

[ Worksheet PDF ][ Worksheet Google Apps ][ Worksheet PNG ][ Answers PNG ]

Parts of the Nose

Label Bones of the Skeleton

Label the Lymph Node

Label the Parts of the Brain

Label the Lobes of the Brain

Brain Anatomical Sections

Arteries of the Brain

Label the Pancreas

Label the Spleen

Label the Digestive System

Label the Respiratory System

Parts of a Neuron

Label the Lips

Label the Skin

Label the Circulatory System

The Urinary Tract

[ Worksheet PDF ][ Worksheet Google Apps ][ Worksheet PNG ][ Answer Key PNG ]

The Bladder

• The Female Reproductive System [ worksheet PDF ][ worksheet Google Apps ][ worksheet PNG ][ answers PNG ]

Parts of a Flower

Label the Orchid Plant

[ Worksheet PDF ][ Worksheet Google Apps ][ Worksheet PNG ] [Answer Key PNG ]

Parts of an Orchid Flower

Parts of a Monocot Seed

Parts of a Fern

Parts of a Tree Trunk

Parts of a Tree

[ worksheet PDF ][ worksheet Google Apps ][ worksheet PNG ][ answers PNG ]

Parts of a Mushroom

Label the Shark

Label the Fish

Parts of a Bird

Bird Anatomy

Frog Life Cycle

Parts of a Mosquito (Insect)

Bones of the T. rex Skull

[ worksheets PDF ][ worksheet Google Slides ][ worksheet PNG ][ answers PNG ]

Holes of the T. rex Skull

• Label the T. rex Skeleton [ worksheets PDF ][ worksheet Google Slides ][ worksheet PNG ][ answers PNG ]
• Label Human Teeth [ Worksheet PDF ][ Worksheet Google Apps ][ Worksheet PNG ][ Answer Key PNG ]
• Monocot vs Dicot Seeds [ worksheet PDF ][ worksheet Google Slides ][ worksheet PNG ][ answers PNG ]
• Label the Moss [ worksheet PDF ][ worksheet Google Slides ][ worksheet PNG ][ answers PNG ]
• Diagram of the Human Eye [ JPG ]

Use a completed worksheet as a study guide.

Cells of the Immune System

Immune Cell Functions

[ worksheet Google Apps ][ worksheet PDF ][ worksheet PNG #1][ answers PNG #1][ worksheet PNG #2][ answers PNG #2]

Methods to Study Virus Structures

[ worksheet Google Slide ][ worksheet PDF ][ worksheet PNG ][ answers PNG ]

Icosahedral Virus Capsids

Human DNA Viruses

Human RNA Viruses

This is selection of worksheets relating to DNA, RNA, transcription, translation, genetic crosses, plasmid mapping, etc. See the full collection of genetics worksheets if you’re don’t see what you need.

DNA Replication

Types of Mutations

Monohybrid Cross Worksheet #1

Monohybrid Cross Worksheet #2

Monohybrid Cross Worksheet #3

Monohybrid Cross #4 – Multiple Alleles

• Monohybrid Cross Worksheet #5: Multiple Alleles [ worksheet Google Apps ][ worksheet PDF ][ worksheet PNG ][ answers PNG ]

Monohybrid Cross #6 – Sex-Linked Inheritance

Monohybrid Cross #7 – Sex-Linked Inheritance

Dihybrid Cross Worksheet #1

Dihybrid Cross Worksheet #2

Dihybrid Cross Worksheet #3

Dihybrid Cross Worksheet #4

Dihybrid Cross #5 – Epistasis

Dihybrid Cross #6 – Epistasis

Incomplete Dominance Worksheet #1

Incomplete Dominance Worksheet #2

Natural Selection Worksheet

Convergent vs Divergent Evolution Worksheet

Intro to Pedigrees Worksheet #1

Pedigrees/Genealogy Worksheet #2

Pedigrees/Genealogy Worksheet #3 – X-Linked Dominant Traits

Pedigrees/Genealogy Worksheet #4 – X-Linked Recessive Traits

Pedigrees/Genealogy Worksheet #5 – Autosomal Dominant Traits

Pedigrees/Genealogy Worksheet #6 – Autosomal Recessive Traits

Pedigrees/Genealogy Worksheet #7 – Comprehension Skills

Pedigrees/Genealogy Worksheet #8 – Identifying Inheritance Patterns

Autosomal vs Sex-Linked Inheritance

Plasmid Mapping

• Genotype vs Phenotype [ PNG ]
• Genetic Codon Chart [ PNG ][ PDF ]
• RNA vs DNA [ JPG ]

Use labelled diagrams as study guides.

Ecosystems Worksheet

Levels of Organization (Ecosystem)

Primary Succession

Secondary Succession

Label the Insect

Label the Bee

Chicken Life Cycle (Basic)

Bird Life Cycle (Basic)

Butterfly Life Cycle

• Biotic and Abiotic Factors [ worksheet PDF ][ worksheet Google Apps ][ worksheet PNG ][ answers PNG ]
• Kingdoms of Life Graphic [ PNG ]
• Autotroph vs Heterotroph Graphic [ PNG ]
• Commensalism Definition and Examples [ PNG ]
• Difference Between Butterflies and Moths [ JPG ]
• Difference Between Bugs and Insects [ PNG ]

Parasitology

Schistosome Life Cycle

Schistosome Anatomy

• Giardia Life Cycle [ worksheet Google Apps ][ worksheet PDF ][ worksheet PNG ][ answers PNG ]

Physical Science for Biology

There is also an entire section devoted to physical science worksheets and study guides.

• Adhesion vs Cohesion Graphic [ PNG ]
• What Is Entropy? [ PNG ]
• Freezing Point of Water [ PNG ]

Biology Labs

• How to Extract DNA From a Banana [ PNG ]

Biology Word Search Puzzles

• DNA Replication Word Search
• Gel Electrophoresis Word Search
• Citrus Fruits
• General Biology Word Search Puzzle [ PNG ]
• Life Science Word Search [ PNG ][ PDF ]
• Cell Biology Word Search [ PNG ][ PDF ]
• Amino Acid Word Search [ PNG ][ PDF ]
• Biome Word Search [ PNG ][ PDF ]
• Environmental Science Word Search [ PNG ][ PDF ]
• Photosynthesis Word Search [ PNG ]
• Human Skeleton Bones Word Search [ PNG ]
• Dinosaur Word Search [ PNG ][ PDF ]
• Different Dinosaur Word Search [ PNG ][ PDF ]
• Wild Cats Word Search [ PNG ][ PDF ]
• Shark Word Search [ PNG ]
• Trees Word Search [ PNG ][ PDF ]
• Flowers Word Search [ PNG ][ PDF ]
• Butterfly Word Search [ PNG ][ PDF ]
• Genetics Word Search [ PNG ][ PDF ]

Miscellaneous Biology Notes and Resouces

• How Long Can Germs Live on Surfaces? [ PNG ]
• 10 Radioactive Foods [ PNG ]
• Examples of Organic Compounds [ PNG ]

Biology Notes Terms of Use

You are welcome to print these resources for personal or classroom use. They may be used as handouts or posters. They may  not  be posted elsewhere online, sold, or used on products for sale.

This page doesn’t include all of the assets on the Science Notes site. If there’s a table or worksheet you need but don’t see, just let us know.

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NCERT Books and Solutions for all classes

Assignments Class 12 Biology Pdf Download

Students can refer to Assignments for Class 12 Biology available for download in Pdf. We have given below links to subject-wise free printable Assignments for Biology Class 12 which you can download easily. All assignments have a collection of questions and answers designed for all topics given in your latest NCERT Books for Class 12 Biology for the current academic session. All Assignments for Biology Grade 12 have been designed by expert faculty members and have been designed based on the type of questions asked in standard 12 class tests and exams. All Free printable Assignments for NCERT CBSE Class 12, practice worksheets, and question banks have been designed to help you understand all concepts properly. Practicing questions given in CBSE NCERT printable assignments for Class 12 with solutions and answers will help you to further improve your understanding. Our faculty have used the latest syllabus for Class 12. You can click on the links below to download all Pdf assignments for class 12 for free. You can get the best collection of Kendriya Vidyalaya Class 12 Biology assignments and questions workbooks below.

Class 12 Biology Assignments Pdf Download

CBSE NCERT KVS Assignments for Biology Class 12 have been provided below covering all chapters given in your CBSE NCERT books. We have provided below a good collection of assignments in Pdf for Biology standard 12th covering Class 12 questions and answers for Biology. These practice test papers and workbooks with question banks for Class 12 Biology Pdf Download and free CBSE Assignments for Class 12 are really beneficial for you and will support in preparing for class tests and exams. Standard 12th students can download in Pdf by clicking on the links below.

Subjectwise Assignments for Class 12 Biology

Benefits of Solving Class 12 Biology Assignments

• The best collection of Grade 12 assignments for Biology have been provided below which will help you in getting better marks in class tests and exams.
• The solved question for Class 12 Biology will help you to gain more confidence to attempt all types of problems in exams
• Latest NCERT Books for Class 12 Biology have been referred to for designing these assignments
• We have provided step by step solutions for all questions in the Class 12 assignments so that you can understand the solutions in detail.
• We have provided single click download links to all chapterwise worksheets and assignments in Pdf.
• Class 12 practice question banks will support to enhance subject knowledge and therefore help to get better marks in exam

FAQs by Biology Students in Class 12

At https://www.ncertbooksolutions.com is the best website that has the biggest collection of free printable assignments for Class 12 Biology.

We provide here Standard 12 subject-wise assignments which can be easily downloaded in Pdf format for free. Our teachers have provided these Grade 12 Biology test sheets for Biology given in your books.

You can click on the links above and get assignments for Biology in Grade 12, all chapters and topic-wise question banks with solutions have been provided here. You can click on the links to download in Pdf.

We have provided here subject-wise Grade 12 Biology question banks, revision notes and questions for all difficult topics, and other study material. You can download it all without any charge by clicking on the links provided above.

We have provided the best quality question bank for Class 12 for Biology available for Pdf Download. You can download them all and use them offline without the internet.

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CBSE Worksheets for Class 12 Biology

CBSE Worksheets for Class 12 Biology: One of the best teaching strategies employed in most classrooms today is Worksheets. CBSE Class 12 Biology Worksheet for students has been used by teachers & students to develop logical, lingual, analytical, and problem-solving capabilities. So in order to help you with that, we at WorksheetsBuddy have come up with Kendriya Vidyalaya Class 12 Biology Worksheets for the students of Class 12. All our CBSE NCERT Class 12 Biology practice worksheets are designed for helping students to understand various topics, practice skills and improve their subject knowledge which in turn helps students to improve their academic performance. These chapter wise test papers for Class 12 Biology will be useful to test your conceptual understanding.

Board: Central Board of Secondary Education(www.cbse.nic.in) Subject: Class 12 Biology Number of Worksheets: 4

CBSE Class 12 Biology Worksheets PDF

All the CBSE Worksheets for Class 12 Biology provided in this page are provided for free which can be downloaded by students, teachers as well as by parents. We have covered all the Class 12 Biology important questions and answers in the worksheets which are included in CBSE NCERT Syllabus. Just click on the following link and download the CBSE Class 12 Biology Worksheet. CBSE Worksheets for Class 12 Biology can also use like assignments for Class 12 Biology students.

• CBSE Worksheets for Class 12 Biology All Chapters
• CBSE Class 12 Biology Applications of Bio Technology Worksheet
• CBSE Class 12 Biology Bio molecule Worksheet
• Free Printable CBSE Class 12 Biology All Chapters Worksheets

Advantages of CBSE Class 12 Biology Worksheets

• By practising NCERT CBSE Class 12 Biology Worksheet , students can improve their problem solving skills.
• Helps to develop the subject knowledge in a simple, fun and interactive way.
• No need for tuition or attend extra classes if students practise on worksheets daily.
• Working on CBSE worksheets are time-saving.
• Helps students to promote hands-on learning.
• One of the helpful resources used in classroom revision.
• CBSE Class 12 Biology Workbook Helps to improve subject-knowledge.
• CBSE Class 12 Biology Worksheets encourages classroom activities.

Worksheets of CBSE Class 12 Biology are devised by experts of WorksheetsBuddy experts who have great experience and expertise in teaching Maths. So practising these worksheets will promote students problem-solving skills and subject knowledge in an interactive method. Students can also download CBSE Class 12 Biology Chapter wise question bank pdf and access it anytime, anywhere for free. Browse further to download free CBSE Class 12 Biology Worksheets PDF .

Now that you are provided all the necessary information regarding CBSE Class 12 Biology Worksheet and we hope this detailed article is helpful. So Students who are preparing for the exams must need to have great solving skills. And in order to have these skills, one must practice enough of Class 12 Biology revision worksheets . And more importantly, students should need to follow through the worksheets after completing their syllabus.  Working on CBSE Class 12 Biology Worksheets will be a great help to secure good marks in the examination. So start working on Class 12 Biology Worksheets to secure good score.

CBSE Worksheets For Class 12

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AssignmentsBag.com

Assignments For Class 12 Biology

Assignments for Class 12 Biology have been developed for Standard 12 students based on the latest syllabus and textbooks applicable in CBSE, NCERT, and KVS schools. Parents and students can download the full collection of class assignments for class 12 Biology from our website as we have provided all topic-wise assignments free in PDF format which can be downloaded easily. Students are recommended to do these assignments daily by taking printouts and going through the questions and answers for Grade 12 Biology. You should try to do these test assignments on a daily basis so that you are able to understand the concepts and details of each chapter in your Biology book and get good marks in class 12 exams.

Class 12 Biology Assignments

Please click on the chapter-wise links below for Class 12 Biology to access free assignments with questions and answers. All solved questions are expected to come in CBSE, NCERT, KVS class tests and examinations. Download all assignments in Pdf.

Chapter wise Assignments for Biology Class 12

Assignments for class 12 biology as per cbse ncert pattern.

All students studying in Grade 12 Biology should download the assignments provided here and use them for their daily routine practice. This will help them to get better grades in Biology exam for standard 12. We have made sure that all topics given in your textbook for Biology which is suggested in Class 12 have been covered ad we have made assignments and test papers for all topics which your teacher has been teaching in your class. All chapter wise assignments have been made by our teachers after full research of each important topic in the textbooks so that you have enough questions and their solutions to help them practice so that they are able to get full practice and understanding of all important topics. Our teachers at https://www.assignmentsbag.com have made sure that all test papers have been designed as per CBSE, NCERT and KVS syllabus and examination pattern. These question banks have been recommended in various schools and have supported many students to practice and further enhance their scores in school and have also assisted them to appear in other school level tests and examinations. Its easy to take print of thee assignments as all are available in PDF format.

Some advantages of Free Assignments for Class 12 Biology

• Solving Assignments for Biology Class 12 helps to further enhance understanding of the topics given in your text book which will help you to get better marks
• By solving one assignments given in your class by Biology teacher for class 12 will help you to keep in touch with the topic thus reducing dependence on last minute studies
• You will be able to understand the type of questions which are expected in your Biology class test
• You will be able to revise all topics given in the ebook for Class 12 Biology as all questions have been provided in the question banks
• NCERT Class 12 Biology Workbooks will surely help you to make your concepts stronger and better than anyone else in your class.
• Parents will be able to take print out of the assignments and give to their child easily.

All free Printable practice assignments are in PDF single lick download format and have been prepared by Class 12 Biology teachers after full study of all topics which have been given in each chapter so that the students are able to take complete benefit from the worksheets. The Chapter wise question bank and revision assignments can be accessed free and anywhere. Go ahead and click on the links above to download free CBSE Class 12 Biology Assignments PDF.

You can download free assignments for class 12 Biology from https://www.assignmentsbag.com

You can get free PDF downloadable assignments for Grade 12 Biology from our website which has been developed by teachers after doing extensive research in each topic.

On our website we have provided assignments for all subjects in Grade 12, all topic wise test sheets have been provided in a logical manner so that you can scroll through the topics and download the worksheet that you want.

You can easily get question banks, topic wise notes and questions and other useful study material from https://www.assignmentsbag.com without any charge

Yes all test papers for Biology Class 12 are available for free, no charge has been put so that the students can benefit from it. And offcourse all is available for download in PDF format and with a single click you can download all assignments.

https://www.assignmentsbag.com is the best portal to download all assignments for all classes without any charges.

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Hands-on Activities for Teaching Biology to High School and Middle School Students

• Hands-on Biology Activities

• biological molecules
• cell structure and function
• cellular respiration and photosynthesis
• cell division and genetics
• molecular biology
• evolution and ecology
• human physiology .

The expression "hands-on, minds-on" summarizes the philosophy we have incorporated in these activities - namely, that students will learn best if they are actively engaged and if their activities are closely linked to understanding important biological concepts. 

Most of our activities support the  Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS). 

Additional resources for teaching biology are available at Minds-on Activities for Teaching Biology .  These teaching resources include remote ready analysis and discussion activities , games, and overviews of important biological topics, including major concepts, common misconceptions, and suggested learning activities. We encourage you to  subscribe to our listserv  to receive notices when we  post new activities or significantly improved versions  of current activities.

We invite general comments in this comments section. If you have comments on specific activities, please use the links above to get to the comments section for each activity.  We welcome suggestions for other teachers, including useful preparatory or follow-up activities, additional resources, any questions you have, or a brief description of any problem you might have encountered.

If you would prefer to send your comments or questions in a private message, please write Ingrid Waldron at [email protected] .

As a first year IB Biology teacher in Australia, I am very grateful for all of Ingrid's hands-on, minds-on activities. I love how they link to real-world scenarios, add meaning and foster critical thinking. Thank you so much!

I am a public high school science teacher, and I've used many of your materials. When I need something new, I often go to your site first because you have such high-quality, hands-on, minds-on, NGSS-aligned activities.

Thank you for creating these resources and for making them free. These resources are needed and much appreciated!

I've been a big fan of your Serendip Studio resources for years! I've used many of your activities in my Biology and my AP Biology classes. Your site is always one of the top 3 that I mention to other Biology teachers when they ask for recommendations of great websites. Thank you so much for your dedication to Biology education.

I am a high school Biology teacher and have been for ten years. I just wanted to thank you for making your amazing materials so accessible. It is very rare to find activities that are so accurate and comprehensive. I rarely need to modify the activities but it is helpful to be able to given the word document format. Thank you! Thank you! Thank you!

I am training to be science teacher and will graduate next year (2015) and I find very helpful in retrieving your lab practicals. I have retrieved many and hope it will help me much in my teaching career. Thank you very much you producing this practicals.

Science and PBL

Hi! I am the Chair of Science of an alternative learning school that focuses on Project Based Learning Curriculum. This is by far and away the best website that I have ever seen, in all of my years of teaching, for Science PBL Tasks. Thank you very much for your assistance. And please notify me of updates.

Biology. AP Biology, Forensic, Anatomy

I teach four HS sciences and found your activities to be a wonderful addition to my curriculum in all four areas! They provide excellent reinforcement and depth to the content we are studying. Your activities truly help the students learn and have saved me a lot of time in preparation. I highly recommend these activities. THANK YOU and well done.

This is my first year teaching Biology, and as I work to incorporate more meaningful labs into my curriculum, your site has been so very valuable! I especially appreciate how your labs include the scientific method so thoroughly and allow for student design of experiments! Also thank you for providing the word documents to allow teachers like me to edit the labs to fit our specific groups of students! Keep up the good work!

I am a Community College instructor on the prowl for activities and resources to incorporate into our Intro Biology lab. I have found wonderful stuff here and have used the Sockosome Meiosis activity with great success.

I do have a question: What is your policy regarding distribution of printed materials? I would like to incorporate some of your content into a lab manual to post online for our students to access. This would save them money and save us the hassle of dealing with publishers and the college bookstore. The copyright to our current manual is owned by the publisher (though we created it) so we need to come up with new material. What are your terms of use?

Ricardo Azpiroz, PhD Richland College Dallas, TX

Using our material in an online lab manual

Dear Ricardo,

We are happy to learn that you have found our material useful.

If you want to post some of our materials in a lab manual on a website with access restricted to students in your courses, you are free to use any of our material, provided you acknowledge the source, including authors and website.

If you want to post any of our materials in a lab manual on a website with public access, we request that, instead of copying our material, you provide a brief explanation with a link to the relevant part of the Serendip website.

Please let me know if you would like any additional information.

Ingrid Waldron, Ph.D.

Department of Biology University of Pennsylvania

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Download minds-on activities for teaching biology.

Introduction and Activities Listing

Intro and Biological Molecules

• Characteristics of Life
• Levels of Organization in Biology  (NGSS)
• Introduction to Proteins and DNA  (NGSS)
• Enzymes Help Us Digest Food (NGSS; hands-on)
• A Scientific Investigation – What types of food contain starch and protein? (NGSS; hands-on)
• Coronaviruses – Introduction (NGSS)
• Who Took Jerell’s iPod? -- An Organic Compound Mystery (hands-on)
• Is Yeast Alive? (hands-on)
• Macromolecules Jeopardy

Cell Structure and Function

• Cell Structure and Function – Major Concepts and Learning Activities
• Introduction to Cells (NGSS)
• Structure and Function of Cells, Organs and Organ Systems (NGSS)
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Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis

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• Food, Energy and Body Weight  (NGSS)
• How do muscles get the energy they need for athletic activity?  (NGSS)
• Alcoholic Fermentation in Yeast – A Bioengineering Design Challenge  (NGSS; hands-on)
• Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration  (NGSS)
• Where does a tree’s mass come from?  (NGSS)
• Photosynthesis Investigation  (NGSS; hands-on)

Cell Division

• Mitosis and the Cell Cycle (NGSS; hands-on)
• Mitosis and the Cell Cycle (NGSS)
• Meiosis and Fertilization – Understanding How Genes Are Inherited (NGSS; hands-on)
• Understanding How Genes are Inherited via Meiosis and Fertilization (NGSS)
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• What causes melanoma and other types of cancer? (NGSS)
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• Dragon Genetics II (hands-on)
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Molecular Biology

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• UV, Mutations and DNA Repair (NGSS; hands-on)
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• What is natural selection? (NGSS)
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• How have mutations and natural selection affected fur color in mice?  (NGSS)
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• What is a species? (NGSS)
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• Molecular and Evolutionary Biology of HIV/AIDS and Treatment (NGSS)
• Resources for Teaching Cancer Biology
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• Vitamins and Health – Why Experts Disagree
• Regulation of Human Heart Rate (hands-on)
• Should You Drink Sports Drinks?  When?  Why?

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GENETICS GRADE 12 NOTES - LIFE SCIENCES STUDY GUIDES

GENETICS  LIFE SCIENCES STUDY GUIDES AND NOTES GRADE 12

• Key concepts
• Complete dominance
• Incomplete dominance
• Co-dominance
• Inheritance of sex
• Inheritance of sex-linked characteristics
• Dihybrid cross
• Pedigree diagrams
• Genetic engineering
• Genetic counselling

CHAPTER 5: GENETICS

5.1 key concepts.

Make mobile notes (see instructions on page x) to learn these key concepts.

Choose an item from COLUMN 2 that matches a description in COLUMN 1. Write only the letter (A to I) next to the question number (1-5), for example 6. J.

Answers to activity 1

• G✔  (5 × 1)  [5]

5.2 Genetic crosses

• The problem on the next page shows that a cross between a heterozygous parent (Tt) and a homozygous recessive (tt) parent produces F1 offspring that are 50% heterozygous (Tt) and 50% homozygous recessive (tt).
•  A cross between a homozygous dominant (TT) parent and a homozygous recessive (tt) parent produces F1 offspring that are 100% heterozygous (Tt).
• A cross between a homozygous dominant (TT) and a heterozygous (Tt) parent produces F1 offspring that are 50% homozygous dominant (TT) and 50% heterozygous (Tt).
• A cross between two heterozygous (Tt) parents produces F1 offspring that are 25% homozygous dominant (TT), 50% heterozygous (Tt) and 25% homozygous recessive (tt).

5.2.1 Complete dominance

This refers to a genetic cross where the dominant allele masks (blocks) the expression of a recessive allele in the heterozygous condition. The following problem represents a genetic cross which shows complete dominance: e.g. Genetic problem 1 In humans the ability to roll the tongue is due to a dominant allele. A man who is heterozygous for tongue-rolling and a woman who cannot roll her tongue have children. Use the symbols T and t for the alleles of the tongue-rolling characteristic and represent a genetic cross to determine the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the children. (6) Read the problem carefully and note the following steps:

• Identify the phenotypes of the man and the woman (parents/P1), i.e. the man is a tongue-roller and the woman is a non-tongue-roller Step 1
• Identify the genotypes of the two parents, i.e. the man is heterozygous (Tt) and the woman can only be a non-tongue-roller if she is homozygous recessive for this characteristic, i.e. she must have the genotype (tt) Step 2
• The next step is to show how the alleles are separated through the process of meiosis into separate gametes, i.e. in the man the gametes (sperm) will contain either the ‘T’ allele or the ‘t’ allele.In the woman the egg can only contain the ‘t’ allele Step 3
• The next step shows that fertilisation takes place. Indicate all possible combinations of how sperm cells fuse with a possible egg cell to show the possible genotypes of the F1 generation that could arise Step 4
• Interpret the phenotypes of all the possible genotypes from the cross Step 5

5.2.2 Incomplete dominance

This refers to a genetic cross between two phenotypically different parents producing an offspring different from both parents but with an intermediate phenotype. The following problem represents a genetic cross that shows incomplete dominance.

e.g. Genetic problem 2 A homozygous snapdragon plant with red flowers (R) was cross-pollinated with a homozygous snapdragon plant with white (W) flowers. All the plants that grew from the cross had pink flowers. Represent a genetic cross to show the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the F1 generation of plants.

5.2.3 Co-dominance

This refers to a genetic cross in which both alleles are equally expressed in the phenotype. The following problem represents a genetic cross which shows co- dominance.

e.g. Genetic problem 3 A plant with white flowers was cross-pollinated with a plant with red flowers. All the plants that grew from the cross had flowers with equal distribution of red and white colour. Represent a genetic cross to show the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the F1 generation of plants.

5.2.4 Inheritance of sex

The following problem represents a genetic cross which shows inheritance of sex.

e.g. Genetic problem 4 A couple has three sons and the woman is pregnant again. Show diagrammatically by means of a genetic cross what the percentage chance is of the couple having a baby girl.

5.2.5 Inheritance of sex-linked characteristics

Sex-linked characteristics are characteristics (traits) that are carried on the sex chromosomes. The following problem represents a genetic cross which shows the inheritance of sex-linked characteristics.

e.g.   Genetic problem 5 Haemophilia is a sex-linked hereditary disease that occurs as a result of a recessive allele on the X-chromosome (X h ). A normal father and heterozygous normal mother have children. Represent a genetic cross to determine the possible genotypes and phenotypes of their children. The alleles for haemophilia are indicated as superscripts on the sex chromosomes, e.g. X H X H (normal female), X H X h (carrier/heterozygous normal female), X h X h (female with haemophilia), X H Y (normal male), X h Y (male with haemophilia).

Question 1 Try solving this problem on your own before you look at the solution. Fur colour in mice is controlled by a gene with two alleles. A homozygous mouse with black fur was crossed with a homozygous mouse with brown fur. All offspring had black fur. Using the symbols B and b to represent the two alleles for fur colour, show diagrammatically a genetic cross between a mouse that is heterozygous for fur colour and a mouse with brown fur. Show the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring. (6)

5.2.6 Dihybrid cross

• A dihybrid cross involves the inheritance of two characteristics. Mendel explained the results obtained from dihybrid crosses according to his Law of Independent Assortment.
• According to the Law of Independent Assortment, alleles of a gene for one characteristic segregate independently of the alleles of a gene for another characteristic. The alleles for the two genes will therefore come together randomly during gamete formation.
• This means that the two characteristics are transmitted to the offspring independently of one another.
• The above law only applies if the genes for the two characteristics are not on the same chromosome.

Steps you should follow in working out a dihybrid cross: e.g. Example In pea plants, the allele for tallness (T) is dominant and the allele for shortness (t) is recessive. The allele for purple flowers is dominant (P) and the allele for white flowers is recessive (p). Two plants, heterozygous for both tallness and purple flowers, were crossed.

Enter the possible gametes at the top and side of a Punnett square.

Please refer to the solution that follows.

Solution to the problem P 1                Phenotype    Tall, Purple × Tall, Purple................... Step 1                    Genotype              TtPp     ×     TtPp......................... Step 2,3

F 1                Genotype      9 different genotypes, as in the table above                     Phenotype    9 tall, purple flowered plants (T-P-);                                          3 short, purple flowered plants (ttP-);                                          3 tall, white flowered plants (T-pp), and                                          1 short, white flowered plant (ttpp) . Step 7

5.3 Mutations

A mutation is any sudden unexpected change in the genetic structure of a cell. Mutations occur suddenly and randomly and may be caused by many environmental agents such as X-rays and certain chemicals. Mutations may be harmful or harmless to the organism in which they occur. Harmful mutations cause changes in DNA that can cause errors in protein sequencing, that can result in partially or completely non-functional proteins. Harmless mutations have no effect on the structure or functioning of the organism. Useful mutations can be advantageous to the organism and they are passed on from parent to offspring. Gene mutations are mutations that affect a single or a few base pairs in just a single gene, while Chromosomal aberrations refer to changes in the normal structure or number of chromosomes. Mutations result in new genotypes as we move from one generation to the next. This leads to variation within a species. Gene mutations can cause genetic disorders:

• Haemophilia: Absence of the protein needed for the formation of blood clots due to a mutant gene.
• Colour blindness: Absence of the proteins that make up either the red or green cones/photoreceptors in the eye.
• Albinism: Absence of the protein that forms the pigment melanin.

Chromosomal aberrations e.g. Down syndrome is where there is an extra chromosome (47 instead of 46) in the zygote.

5.4 Pedigree diagrams

A pedigree diagram is used to study the inheritance of characteristics in a family over a number of generations. A pedigree diagram is also called a family tree.

Remember the following steps when interpreting pedigree diagrams: Step 1   Study any key and opening statement/s and look for dominant and recessive characteristics and phenotypes. Step 2     Write in the phenotypes of all the individuals as given in the problem. Step 3   Fill in the genotype of all the individuals with the recessive condition - it must have two recessive alleles (two lower case letters, e.g. ff). Step 4   For every individual in the diagram that has the recessive condition, it means that each allele was obtained from each of the parents. Work backwards and fill in one recessive allele for each parent. Step 5   If the parents showed the dominant characteristic, fill in the second letter which represents the dominant allele (a capital letter, e.g. F). Step 6   Any other individual showing the dominant characteristic will most likely be homozygous dominant (FF) or heterozygous dominant (Ff).

Figure 5.1 Pedigree diagram showing inheritance of eye colour Note the following in the pedigree diagram on page 38:

• Squares represent males and circles represent females.
• The horizontal line between a square (Joshua) and a circle (Ronel) shows that they have mated.
• The vertical line flowing from the horizontal line represents the offspring (Sarah and Peter) of the two parents (Joshua and Ronel).
• Brown eye colour (B) is dominant over blue eye colour (b) - stated in problem Step 1
• Joshua, Jack and John are males with blue eyes.
• Veronica and Marlena are females with blue eyes.
• Peter and Frank are males with brown eyes. Step 2
• Ronel, Sarah and Gayle are females with brown eyes.
• Joshua, Veronica, Marlena, Jack and John will have the genotype ‘bb’. The recessive characteristic only shows up in the homozygous condition Step 3
• Example: The genotype of Peter is ‘Bb’ - working backwards from the offspring Marlena or Jack or John who are homozygous recessive. This means that one of the recessive alleles of Marlena, Jack and John, i.e. ‘b’, must have come from parent Peter and the other one from parent Veronica Steps 4 and 5
• Ronel could be homozygous dominant (BB) or heterozygous dominant (Bb) Step 6

Questions 1. How many members of the family have blue eyes? (1) 2. Is Veronica homozygous or heterozygous for eye colour? (1) 3. Write down the genotype of:

a) Joshua (2) b) Ronel (2) c) Frank (2)

4. If Frank marries a woman with the same genetic composition as Sarah, what is the percentage probability of them having a child with brown eyes? (1) [9]

Answers to activity 4 1. 5✔ (1) 2. Homozygous✔(1) 3. a) bb✔✔ (2) b) BB/Bb✔✔ (2) c) Bb✔✔ (2) 4. 75%✔

5.5 Genetic engineering

Genetic engineering is the process whereby the genes on the DNA are changed, transferred or manipulated to produce a different organism.

Question State FOUR disadvantages and FOUR advantages of genetic engineering. [8]

Answer to activity 5 Four disadvantages of genetic engineering:

• Expensive✔/research money could be used for other needs
• Interfering with nature✔/immoral
• Potential health impacts✔
• Unsure of long-term effects✔ (4)

Four advantages of genetic engineering:

• Production of medication/resources cheaply✔
• Control pests with specific genes inserted into a crop✔
• Using specific genes to increase crop yields✔/food security
• Selecting genes to increase shelf-life of plant products✔ (4) [8]

5.6 Genetic counselling

Couples with a risk of a genetic disease can undergo genetic counselling to enable them to make informed decisions on whether they want to have children or not.

Question A young couple wants to have a child, but they are aware of a serious genetic disorder in one of their families that could be carried through to their offspring. State THREE benefits of genetic counselling in this case. [3]

Answer to activity 6 Three benefits of genetic counselling:

• To be given advice on the risk of transferring the defective gene✔/ to find the probability of passing on the defective gene to the offspring
• To be given an explanation of the procedure involved in DNA testing✔
• To be given an explanation of the results of DNA testing✔ [3]

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10 Great Biology Activities and Lessons

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Biology activities and lessons allow students to investigate and learn about biology through hands-on experience. Below is a list of 10 great biology activities and lessons for K-12 teachers and students.

The Cell as a System : This activity enables students to explore the components of a cell and how they work together as a system.

Objectives: Students will identify major cell components; know structures and functions of components; understand how the parts of a cell interact together.

Resources: Cell Anatomy - Discover the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Cell Organelles - Learn about the types of organelles and their function within cells.

15 Differences Between Animal and Plant Cells - Identify 15 ways in which animal cells and plant cells differ from one another.

Mitosis and Cell Division : This lesson introduces students to the process of cell mitosis.

Objectives: Students will understand the processes of cell reproduction and chromosome replication.

Resources: Mitosis - This stage-by-stage guide to mitosis describes the major events that occur in each mitotic stage.

Mitosis Glossary - This glossary lists commonly used mitosis terms.

Mitosis Quiz - This quiz is designed to test your knowledge of the mitotic process.

Meiosis and Gamete Production : This activity helps students explore meiosis and sex cell production.

Objectives: Students will describe the steps in meiosis and understand the difference between mitosis and meiosis.

Resources: Stages of Meiosis - This illustrated guide describes each stage of meiosis.

7 Differences Between Mitosis and Meiosis - Discover 7 differences between the division processes of mitosis and meiosis.

Dissecting Owl Pellets: This activity allows students to explore owl eating habits and digestion through dissecting owl pellets.

Objectives: Students learn how to examine, gather, and interpret data through owl pellet dissections.

Resources: Online Dissections - These virtual dissection resources allow you to experience actual dissections without all of the mess.

Photosynthesis and How Plants Make Food : This lesson explores photosynthesis and how plants use light to make food.

Objectives: Students will discover how plants make food, transport water, and the importance of plants to the environment.

Resources: The Magic of Photosynthesis - Discover how plants turn sunlight into energy.

Plant Chloroplasts - Find out how chloroplasts make photosynthesis possible.

Photosynthesis Quiz - Test your knowledge of photosynthesis by taking this quiz.

Using Drosophila to Teach Genetics : This activity is designed to help students apply basic genetics concepts to a living organism.

Objective: Students learn how to use the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster , to apply knowledge of heredity and Mendelian genetics.

Resources: Mendelian Genetics - Explore how traits are passed from parents to offspring.

Genetic Dominance Patterns - Examine the differences among complete dominance, incomplete dominance, and co-dominance relationships.

Polygenic Inheritance - Discover the types of traits that are determined by multiple genes.

Extracting DNA : This activity is designed to help students learn about the structure and function of DNA through DNA extraction.

Objectives: Students understand relationships between DNA , chromosomes , and genes . They understand how to extract DNA from living sources.

Resources: DNA From a Banana - Try this simple experiment that demonstrates how to extract DNA from a banana.

Make a DNA Model Using Candy - Discover a sweet and fun way to make a DNA model using candy.

Bacteria That Live on the Skin : In this activity, students discover the diverse organisms that live on the human body.

Objectives: Students examine the relationship between humans and skin bacteria.

Resources: Bacteria That Live on Your Skin - Discover 5 types of bacteria that live on your skin.

Microbe Ecosystems of the Body - The human microbiome includes bacteria, viruses, fungi, and even mites.

A Guide to Different Types of Pathogens - Learn about six types of pathogens that can make you sick.

Top 5 Reasons to Wash Your Hands - Washing and drying your hands properly is a simple and effective way to prevent the spread of disease.

Heart to Heart : This lesson helps students explore heart function, structure, and blood pumping activity.

Objectives: Students explore the anatomy of the heart and blood circulation .

Resources: Heart Anatomy - This guide provides and overview of the function and anatomy of the heart.

Circulatory System - Learn about the pulmonary and systemic paths of blood circulation.

ATP Please! : This lesson helps students explore the role of mitochondria in ATP production during aerobic cellular respiration.

Objectives: Students will be able to identify the steps of ATP production and the function of cell mitochondria.

Cellular Respiration - Discover how cells harvest the energy from the foods we eat.

Glycolysis - This is the first step of cellular respiration where glucose is split into two molecules for the production of ATP.

Citric Acid Cycle - Also known as the Krebs Cycle, this is the second step of cellular respiration.

Electron Transport Chain - The majority of ATP production occurs in this final stage of cellular respiration.

Mitochondria - These cell organelles are the sites of aerobic cellular respiration.

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The New Curriculum grade 12 Biology Student Textbook contains 6 units, they are:

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