biography of rabindranath tagore in malayalam

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Rabindranath Tagore death anniversary: തലമുറകളെ പ്രചോദിപ്പിച്ച ഇതിഹാസം; രബീന്ദ്രനാഥ ടാഗോറിന്റെ ഓര്‍മയില്‍ രാജ്യം

Rabindranath tagore death anniversary 2023: വിശ്വമാനവികതയുടെ പ്രവാചകനായിരുന്ന അദ്ദേഹം എണ്ണിയാലൊടുങ്ങാത്ത സാഹിത്യസൃഷ്ടികളിലൂടെ ഇന്നും ജീവിക്കുന്നു..

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• തിരുവനന്തപുരം,
• 07 Aug 2023,
• (Updated 07 Aug 2023, 2:19 PM IST)

സ്വാതന്ത്ര്യ സമരസേനാനിയും സാഹിത്യ പ്രതിഭയുമായ രബീന്ദ്രനാഥ ടാഗോര്‍ വിടവാങ്ങിയിട്ട് ഇന്ന് 82 വര്‍ഷം തികയുന്നു. ഇന്ത്യയിലേക്ക് ആദ്യമായി നൊബേല്‍ സമ്മാനമെത്തിച്ച അദ്ദേഹം ദേശീയ ഗാനത്തിന്റെ രചയിതാവുമാണ്. കവി, തത്ത്വചിന്തകന്‍, ചിത്രകാരന്‍, കഥാകൃത്ത്, നാടകകൃത്ത്, ഗാനരചയിതാവ്, നോവലിസ്റ്റ്, സാമൂഹികപരിഷ്‌കര്‍ത്താവ് തുടങ്ങിയ നിലകളിലെല്ലാം ടാഗോര്‍ വ്യക്തിമുദ്ര പതിപ്പിച്ചു. വിശ്വമാനവികതയുടെ പ്രവാചകനായിരുന്ന അദ്ദേഹം എണ്ണിയാലൊടുങ്ങാത്ത സാഹിത്യസൃഷ്ടികളിലൂടെ ഇന്നും ജീവിക്കുന്നു.

ബംഗാളിന്റെ സാമൂഹ്യ നവോത്ഥാനത്തിന് ഏറെ സംഭാവനകള്‍ നല്‍കിയ ഒരു പ്രഭു കുടുംബത്തിലാണ് ടാഗോറിന്റെ ജനനം.  1861 മേയ് 7 -ന് ദേബേന്ദ്രനാഥ ടാഗോറിന്റേയും ശാരദാദേവിയുടേയും പതിമൂന്നാമത്തെ മകനായി കൊല്‍ക്കത്തയിലായിരുന്നു അദ്ദേഹം ജനിച്ചത്. അദ്ദേഹം ഔപചാരിക വിദ്യാഭ്യാസത്തില്‍ താത്പര്യം കാട്ടിയിരുന്നില്ല. എന്നാൽ ഒട്ടേറെ ഗ്രന്ഥങ്ങളും കാവ്യങ്ങളും ചരിത്രവും അദ്ദേഹം വായനയിലൂടെ ഹൃദിസ്ഥമാക്കി. പിതാവിനൊപ്പം നടത്തിയ മാസങ്ങള്‍ നീണ്ട യാത്രകളാണ് രബീന്ദ്രനാഥിന്റെ കവിത്വത്തെ കൂടുതല്‍ തെളിമയുള്ളതാക്കിയത്. എട്ടാം വയസ്സില്‍ കവിതയെഴുതാന്‍ തുടങ്ങിയ ടാഗോര്‍ 16-ാം വയസ്സില്‍ ഭാനുസിംഹ എന്ന ഓമനപ്പേരില്‍ തന്റെ ആദ്യ സമാഹാരം പ്രസിദ്ധീകരിച്ചു. അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ കാവ്യസമാഹാരമായ ഗീതാഞ്ജലിക്ക് 1913-ല്‍ സാഹിത്യത്തിനുള്ള നോബല്‍ പുരസ്‌കാരം ലഭിച്ചു.  

ദേശീയ ഗാനമായ ജനഗണമന എഴുതിയതിനു പുറമേ ബംഗ്ലാദേശിന്റെ ദേശീയ ഗാനമായ അമര്‍ ഷോനാര്‍ ബംഗ്ലയും അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ രചനയാണ്. അതേസമയം ശ്രീലങ്കന്‍ ദേശീയ ഗാനവും അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ രചനയാണെന്നും അതല്ല, അതില്‍ നിന്ന് പ്രചോദനം നേടിയതാണെന്നുമുള്ള വാദങ്ങള്‍ക്ക് ഇന്നും പ്രസക്തിയുണ്ട്. മൂവായിരത്തോളം കവിതകളടങ്ങിയ നൂറോളം കവിതാസമാഹാരങ്ങള്‍, രണ്ടായിരത്തിമുന്നൂറോളം ഗാനങ്ങള്‍, അന്‍പത് നാടകങ്ങള്‍, കലാഗ്രന്ഥങ്ങള്‍, ലേഖനസമാഹാരങ്ങള്‍ തുടങ്ങി ടാഗോറിന്റെ സാഹിത്യസംഭാവനകള്‍ നിരവധിയാണ്. ടാഗോറിന്റെ കൃതികള്‍ ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്, ഡച്ച്, ജര്‍മ്മന്‍, സ്പാനിഷ്, മറ്റ് യൂറോപ്യന്‍ ഭാഷകളിലേക്ക് വ്യാപകമായി വിവര്‍ത്തനം ചെയ്യപ്പെട്ടു. 

അറുപത്തിയെട്ടാം വയസ്സില്‍ അദ്ദേഹം ചിത്രരചന ആരംഭിച്ചു, വിനോദത്തിനു വേണ്ടി തുടങ്ങിയെങ്കിലും ഏകദേശം മൂവായിരത്തോളം ചിത്രങ്ങള്‍ ആ ഭാവനയില്‍ വിരിഞ്ഞു. ഈ ചിത്രങ്ങള്‍ പിന്നീട് വിദേശത്ത് ചിത്രപ്രദര്‍ശനങ്ങള്‍ നടത്തി ലോകത്തിന് മുന്നില്‍ അവതരിപ്പിച്ചു. ടാഗോര്‍ സാഹിത്യത്തെ സമ്പുഷ്ടമാക്കുക മാത്രമല്ല സ്വാതന്ത്ര്യസമരപ്രസ്ഥാനത്തിനും പ്രചോദനം നല്‍കി. ജീവിതത്തിന്റെ അവസാന ദിവസങ്ങളില്‍ കൊല്‍ക്കൊത്തയിലായിരുന്നു അദ്ദേഹം. 1941 ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 7ന് എണ്‍പതാം വയസ്സില്‍ അദ്ദേഹം അന്തരിച്ചു. 

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Rabindranath Tagore

Rabindranath Tagore was a Bengali poet, novelist and painter best known for being the first non-European to be awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1913 with his book Gitanjali, Song Offerings . He was highly influential in introducing Indian culture to the West and is generally regarded as the outstanding creative artist of modern India. He was hailed by W.B Yeats and André Gide.

QUICK FACTS

• Name: Rabindranath Tagore
• Gender: Male
• Best Known For: Rabindranath Tagore was a Bengali poet, novelist and painter best known for being the first non-European to be awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1913.
• Writing and Publishing
• Journalism and Nonfiction
• Fiction and Poetry
• Nacionalities
• Bangladeshi (Bangladesh)

CITATION INFORMATION

• Article Title: Rabindranath Tagore Biography
• Author: Biography.com Editors
• Website Name: The Biography.com website
• Url: https://www.biography.com/authors-writers/rabindranath-tagore
• Access Date:
• Publisher: A&E; Television Networks
• Last Updated: June 24, 2021
• Original Published Date: April 2, 2014

Introduction

Rabindranath Thakur was a man of various talents. He was recognized by people all over the globe for his literary works - poetry, philosophies, plays, and especially his songwriting. Rabindranath Tagore was the man who gave India, its National Anthem. He was one of the greatest entities of all time and the only Indian to receive a Nobel Prize.

Rabindranath Tagore was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1913, becoming the first non-European to receive the honour. He was only sixteen years old when he was to publish his first short story called “Bhanisimha”, was published. Rabindranath Tagore was born on the 07th of May, 1861 in Kolkata. Rabindranath Tagore was the son of Debendranath Tagore, one of Brahmo Samaj’s active members, a known and celebrated philosopher, and literate. R.N Tagore died after a prolonged illness on the 07th of August, 1941.

Rabindranath Tagore Childhood and Education

While growing up, R.N Tagore shared a very intimate relationship with his elder brother and his sister-in-law. Rabindranath Tagore's father's name is Debendranath Tagore, and his mother’s name is Sarada Devi. Rabindranath Tagore's birthday is on the 7th of May, 1861, and he was born in Calcutta, Bengal Presidency then. It is believed that they did everything together. Rabindranath Tagore's education didn’t seem too impressive. 

R.N Tagore did not enjoy schooling, and he was mostly found procrastinating and pondering for hours. He went to one of the most prestigious St. Xavier’s School, and later, he went to the University of London in Bridgton, England, to study law and become a barrister. Still, as we know, he did not enjoy schooling much; he returned home in two years but without a degree. Even though he did not enjoy schooling much, he was always found with books, pen, and ink. He would always be scribbling things in his notebook; however, he was shy to reveal his writings.

Growing Years and Career

R.N Tagore was only eight years old when he first wrote a poem. By the age of sixteen, his short story got published, titled “Bhanusimha”. R.N Tagore’s contribution to literature is beyond any measure. He was the one who had introduced new verses and prose and also lingua franca in his mother tongue, which is Bangla. R.N Tagore after returning to India after leaving his education, but he did not leave literature. 

R.N Tagore published several books of Rabindranath Tagore poems and short stories, plays, and songs. His most renowned work, called “Gitanjali”, was very well received all over India and England. He is the author of two National Anthems, which are “Amar Sonar Bangla” for Bangladesh and  “Jana Gana Mana” for India. He worked with very unfamiliar and different styles in Bangla Language. Some of them are heavily immersed in social and political satire. He was one of those who believed in global peace and equality. He is one of the pioneers of contemporary Bengali literature. 

After returning to India, he completed and published his book of poems called “Manasi” which was believed to contain his best poems. “Manasi” contained several verse forms which were fresh to contemporary Bengali literature, and it also contained some political and social satire that questioned and mocked R.N Tagore’s fellow Bengalis. 

Besides writing and working on literature, R.N Tagore also participated in the family business. In 1891, he went to East Bengal, which is now in Bangladesh, to look after his ancestral estates and lands at Shahzadpur and Shilaidaha for almost 10 years. He spent some time in a houseboat at Padma river, and his sympathy for village folk became the keynote of most literature later in his life. In East India, poems and other works of Rabindranath Tagore were published as a collection in the book called “Sonar Tari” and a very notable and celebrated play called “Chitrangada”. He has written over two thousand songs which are very popular in Bengal until now. When R.N Tagore was in his 60s, he tried his hand at painting, and for the talented man he was, his works won him a good name among India’s topmost contemporary artists.

Rabindranath Tagore and Shantiniketan

Rabindranath Tagore received his nickname “Gurudev”, out of respect by his pupils at his very unique and special school, which he established in Shantiniketan, called “Visva Bharati University” Santiniketan was developed and founded by the Tagore family. This little town was very close to Rabindranath Tagore. 

R.N Tagore wrote several poems and songs about this place. Unlike other universities, “Visva Bharati” University was open to each student who was eager to learn. The classrooms and the scope for learning in this university were not confined within four walls. Instead, classes took place in open space, beneath the massive banyan trees on the university grounds. To this date, this ritual of attending classes in open spaces is practiced by the students and the teachers. R.N Tagore permanently moved to the school after.

Rabindranath Tagore Death and His Encounters with Death

R.N Tagore was only fourteen years old when Sharada Devi, his mother, passed away. After his mother's sudden and heartbreaking demise, R.N Tagore was mostly seen avoiding classrooms and schooling. Instead, he would roam about his town Bolpur. He had to face the death of several of his loved ones, that too, one after the other, which left him devastated and heartbroken. After his mother, R.N Tagore lost a very close friend and a very significant influence, Kadambari Devi, his sister-in-law. It is presumed that R.N Tagore’s novella called “Nastanirh” was about Kadambari Devi.

It is also believed that she had committed suicide four months after R.N Tagore’s marriage to Mrinalini Devi. There are some serious speculations made about R.N Tagore, and his sister-in-law sharing a very intimate relationship and that maybe the two were in love; however, there has been no confirmation on the same. Later, his wife, Mrinalini Devi, too died due to an illness. He lost his two daughters, Madhurilata, who R.N Tagore adored and was fond of the most due to tuberculosis, and Renuka and his son Shamindranath due to cholera. These deaths shook him to the core, but he never failed to pick up his pen again. Even though all these encounters with death gave him shaping his personality and writing style, he kept longing for a companion who shares the same interests as he does. 

Life was a little less cruel to him at this point. When he found that companion, he had been longing for - his niece Indira Devi, who was highly educated and well-read. R.N Tagore wrote to her about some sensitive details about his life. These letters to Indira Devi witnessed the sheer vulnerability of his emotional state, sensibilities, and experiences. Since Indira Devi had copied all his letters in a notebook; it eventually got published. “Chinnapatra” can give one a glimpse of Tagore’s growth as a human and as an artist. Grief had been a constant part of R.N Tagore’s life, which is often reflected in his literary works; after losing Rabindranath Tagore's wife and daughters, he lost his father too. These years of sadness and sorrow, which were very actively reflected in his literary works, were introduced as “Gitanjali” which won him the Nobel Prize.

Rabindranath Tagore and His Nationalism

R.N Tagore was politically very aware and very critical at the same time, he not only criticized the British Raj, but he was also very vocal about the mistakes his fellow Bengalis and Indians made. These were reflected in the socio-political satires he wrote and published. When R.N Tagore had been awarded a knighthood, as a sign of protest against the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, he repudiated the award. Recognition, fame, money nothing mattered to him when it came to his country. He loved his country, the lands, rivers, and the people of his country very much. 

It is thus quite right to say that Tagore opposed European colonialism and supported Indian nationalists. He also shunned the Swadeshi Movement and urged Indians to accept that education is the way forward. A blind revolution will only lead to the loss of lives and unwanted and unnecessary loss of life.

Rabindranath Tagore and His Love For Literature, Art, and Music

Some of the most renowned works of Tagore which are highly recommended works of literature are “Noukadubi'', “Shesher Kobita”, “Chaturanga”, “Gora”, “Char Adhyay”, “Jogajog”, “Ghare Baire”. “Ghare Baire'' was also produced as a film by another precious talent Satyajit Ray. His novels were very underappreciated in his time but gained a lot of respect after film directors like Tapan Sinha, Tarun Majumdar and of course, Satyajit Ray adapted and made feature films based on his novels. In popular culture, even his songs, poems and novels are employed in Movies and as background scores. The genre of the songs by Rabindranath Tagore are known as “Rabindra Sangeet'' and movies have been adapted and made out of his novels “Noukadubi” and “Chokher Bali”. It is highly recommended to read “Gitanjali'' to appreciate Tagore's poetic style and to appreciate some very heartfelt and moving songs that he wrote, it is recommended to listen to “Tobu Mone Rekho”. 

In addition to all this, Rabindranath Tagore was a commendable artist and musician too. His paintings are celebrated both nationally and internationally and have received wide acclaim. His songs are considered to be at the heart of Bengal culture and his compilations are fondly termed Rabindra Sangeet. These songs elaborate on themes of love, worship, devotion, and so on. RN Tagore started painting at the age of 60. His brilliant artwork is displayed to this day in several museums globally.

Rabindranath Tagore And His Last Days

Rabindranath Tagore died in the place he loved the most. However, the last few years of his life were quite painful.  He was affected by chronic illness during the last 4 years of his life. In 1937, he went into a comatose condition due to this prolonged suffering he was enduring. On August 7th in 1941, this great novelist, poet, musician, and painter passed away quietly in the same Jorasanko mansion in which he was brought up.

Conclusion 

Here is everything students should know about Rabindranath Tagore, his life, his works and his achievements in life.

FAQs on Rabindranath Tagore Biography

1. What are the Famous Books Written by Rabindranath Tagore?

We all know that Rabindranath Tagore took a keen liking to write from a young age. Although he was frequently seen skipping school, you could always find him scribbling something in his notebook. This paved the way for a great future novelist who even received the Nobel Prize for Literature. His works talked about nationalism, social evils, and the need for harmony between Indians. Gitanjali is RN Tagore’s most acclaimed work. It has received critical praise internationally and is loved by all literary aficionados. Here are some famous books are written by Rabindranath Tagore: 

The Home and the world

The Post Office

2. Why is Rabindranath Tagore so Famous?

Rabindranath Tagore is famous for the Nobel Prize Award for literature and he was the first Indian to achieve such huge respect and honour. He had many talents apart from writing great poems. It should be noted that RN Tagore’s popularity in English speaking nations grew in leaps and bounds after the publication of his book Gitanjali. Later in 1913, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for this critically acclaimed book. Another huge factor contributing to Tagore’s growing popularity was the renunciation of his knighthood. He did not accept this honour conferred by the British crown on him in protest against the Jalianwala Bagh massacre. This great poet also toured extensively around Japan and the U.S., where he talked about the importance of nationalism. This helped him earn deep admiration and respect from foreigners all over the world.

3. Why Did Rabindranath Tagore Receive the Nobel Prize for Literature?

The Nobel Prize award was awarded to Rabindranath Tagore in the year 1913 because of his sensitive, impeccable, fresh, unique, and beautiful verse. He expressed his poetic thoughts in his own words that are mostly followed in the West. Rabindranath Tagore is considered responsible for the modernization of Bengali literature. He preserved the cultural heritage of this beautiful language all while breathing some new life into it. Gitanjali is a collection of song offerings that have been penned down by this legendary novelist and poet. It was this book that won him the revered Nobel Prize in Literature. In total, there were 157 poems in that book that touched upon various themes such as devotion, nationalism, worship, etc.

4. What was Tagore’s Stint as an Actor?

We all know that Rabindranath Tagore is famous for writing many dramas that have derived inspiration from Indian mythology and contemporary social issues facing society in those days. He began his drama career writing alongside his brother when he was only a young teenager. At 20 years of age, RN Tagore penned a drama named ‘Valmiki Pratibha’ and also played the lead role of the titular character in it. The drama was based on stories about the legendary dacoit named Valmiki. It is Valmiki who later changed his ways and wrote one of the two greatest Indian epics – Ramayana. This was Tagore’s short stint as an actor.

5. Did RN Tagore Receive a Formal Education?

Rabindranath Tagore’s family always wished that he became a barrister. They sent him to elite schools and universities, in the hopes that he would pursue a career in law. However, young Rabindranath always shied away from rote learning and spent most of his time scribbling down ideas in his notebook. RN Tagore was also enrolled in the University College in London but he dropped out without completing his formal education. However, his love for English, Irish, and Scottish literature soon helped him morph into the much revered and loved novelist he is known as today.

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Rabindranath Tagore; a biography

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