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How to Cite a Newspaper in MLA | Format & Examples

Published on January 14, 2021 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on March 5, 2024.

To cite a newspaper article in MLA style , list the author , title , name of the newspaper, date of publication, and URL (for online articles) or page number (for print articles). Use the interactive example below to explore the format.

You can also use Scribbr’s free MLA Citation Generator to effortlessly create MLA citations for newspaper articles.

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Table of contents

Page numbers in newspaper citations, citing a newspaper from a database, citing local newspapers, frequently asked questions about mla citations.

In your Works Cited entry, always include page numbers when available. Use “p.” for a single page or “pp.” for multiple pages. Page numbers in newspapers are often written with letters, e.g. “D3”; make sure to include the letters if present.

Use an en dash for a range of consecutive pages (e.g. “pp. 4–6”). For articles that appear on non-consecutive pages (e.g. starting on the first page but continued on the sixth), MLA recommends just writing the first page number followed by a plus sign.

In an in-text citation, only add a page number if the article extends across multiple pages. If the article is entirely on one page, the page number is already specified in the Works Cited, so you just write the author’s last name in your in-text citation.

Prevent plagiarism. Run a free check.

To cite a newspaper article you accessed through a database, just include the usual information for a print newspaper, followed by the name of the database in italics.

Note that a shortened version of the title is used in the in-text citation, since no author is listed for the article in this case.

When citing a local newspaper (one that is not published nationally or internationally), it’s sometimes necessary to clarify the publication you mean by including the city name in square brackets after the name of the newspaper. You don’t need to do this if the city is already part of the newspaper name.

• Dallas Observer [Dallas]
• Dallas Observer
• The Gazette
• The Gazette [Montreal]

In an MLA style Works Cited entry for a newspaper , you can cite a local newspaper in the same way as you would a national one, except that you may have to add the name of the city in square brackets to clarify what newspaper you mean, e.g. The Gazette [Montreal].

Do not add the city name in brackets if it’s already part of the newspaper’s name, e.g. Dallas Observer .

When an article (e.g. in a newspaper ) appears on non-consecutive pages (e.g. starting on page 1 and continuing on page 6), you should use “pp.” in your Works Cited entry, since it’s on multiple pages, but MLA recommends just listing the first page followed by a plus sign, e.g. pp. 1+.

The title of an article is not italicized in MLA style , but placed in quotation marks. This applies to articles from journals , newspapers , websites , or any other publication. Use italics for the title of the source where the article was published. For example:

Use the same formatting in the Works Cited entry and when referring to the article in the text itself.

If a source has no author, start the MLA Works Cited entry with the source title . Use a shortened version of the title in your MLA in-text citation .

If a source has no page numbers, you can use an alternative locator (e.g. a chapter number, or a timestamp for a video or audio source) to identify the relevant passage in your in-text citation. If the source has no numbered divisions, cite only the author’s name (or the title).

If you already named the author or title in your sentence, and there is no locator available, you don’t need a parenthetical citation:

• Rajaram  argues that representations of migration are shaped by “cultural, political, and ideological interests.”
• The homepage of The Correspondent describes it as “a movement for radically different news.”

Cite this Scribbr article

If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.

Caulfield, J. (2024, March 05). How to Cite a Newspaper in MLA | Format & Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved August 21, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/mla/newspaper-citation/

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MLA Style (9th Edition) Citation Guide: Magazine/Newspaper Articles

• Introduction to MLA Style
• Journal Articles
• Magazine/Newspaper Articles
• Books & Ebooks
• Government & Legal Documents
• Biblical Sources
• Secondary Sources
• Videos/DVDs/TV Shows
• How to Cite: Other
• 9th Edition Updates
• Additional Help

Table of Contents

A note on magazine/newspaper citations, magazine/newspaper article from a website, magazine/newspaper article from nexis uni, magazine/newspaper article in print, how do i know if it's a newspaper.

Not sure whether your article is from a newspaper? Look for these characteristics:

• Main purpose is to provide readers with a brief account of current events locally, nationally or internationally.
• Can be published daily, semiweekly or weekly.
• Written for the general public, readers don't need any previous subject knowledge.
• Little, if any, information about other sources is provided.

Articles may also come from  journals  or magazines.

Note: For your Works Cited list, all citations should be double spaced and have a hanging indent.

A "hanging indent" means that each subsequent line after the first line of your citation should be indented by 0.5 inches.

If there is no known author, start the citation with the title of the article instead.

Access Date

Date of access is optional in MLA 8th/9th edition; it is recommended for pages that may change frequently or that do not have a copyright/publication date.

In your works cited list, abbreviate months as follows: 

January = Jan. February = Feb. March = Mar. April = Apr. May = May June = June July = July August = Aug. September = Sept. October = Oct. November = Nov. December = Dec.

Spell out months fully in the body of your paper. 

Online newspapers and magazines sometimes include a “permalink,” which is a shortened, stable version of a URL. Look for a “share” or “cite this” button to see if a source includes a permalink. If you can find a permalink, use that instead of a URL.

Here are some common features you should try to find before citing electronic sources in MLA style. Not every Web page will provide all of the following information. However, collect as much of the following information as possible both for your citations and for your research notes:

• Author and/or editor names (if available); last names first.
• "Article name in quotation marks."
• Title of the website, project, or book in italics.
• Any version numbers available, including editions (ed.), revisions, posting dates, volumes (vol.), or issue numbers (no.).
• Publisher information, including the publisher name and publishing date.
• Take note of any page numbers (p. or pp.) or paragraph numbers (par. or pars.).
• “permalink,” which is a shortened, stable version of a URL. Look for a “share” or “cite this” button to see if a source includes a permalink. If you can find a permalink, use that instead of a URL.
• Date you accessed the material (Date Accessed)—While not required, it is highly recommended, especially when dealing with pages that change frequently or do not have a visible copyright date.
• Remember to cite containers after your regular citation. Examples of containers are collections of short stories or poems, a television series, or even a website. A container is anything that is a part of a larger body of works.

Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Article: Subtitle if Any."  Title of Website , Date of Publication, URL. Access date.

Note:  If the author's name is not listed, begin the citation with the title of the article.

Date of access is now optional in MLA 8th edition. If no publication date is included, we recommend including the date you last accessed the site.

Works Cited List Example:

Zimmerman, Eilene. "The Many Delicate Issues of Spirituality in the Office." New York Times , 15 Aug. 2004, www.nytimes.com/2004/08/15/jobs/the-many-delicate-issues-of-spirituality-in-the-office.html.  Accessed 7 June 2016.

Note : This entry has no page numbers, so this information is left out of the citation.

In-Text Citation Example:

(Author's Last Name)

(Zimmerman)

Note: This entry has no page numbers, so this information is left out of the citation.

Note : If there is no author listed, the in-text citation would include the first word or words of the title of the article in quotation marks.

Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Article: Subtitle if Any."  Title of Newspaper , Date of Publication, p. Page Number. Database Name , URL. 

Note:  If the author's name is not listed, begin the citation with the title of the article. Date of access is now optional in MLA 8th edition.

Ruhe, Pierre. “Pair of Recitals Show Musicians’ Contrasting Styles.” The Atlanta Journal and Constitution, 5 Feb. 2001, p. 5D. Nexis Uni, advance.lexis.com/api/document?collection=news&id=urn:contentItem:4292-6G90-0026-G40Y-00000-00&context=1516831.

(Author's Last Name Page Number)

(Ruhe 5D)

Cite a newspaper article as you would a magazine article, but note the different pagination in most newspapers. If there is more than one edition available for that date (as in an early and late edition of a newspaper), identify the edition after the newspaper title.

Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Article: Subtitle if Any."  Name of Newspaper , Date of Publication, p. Page number. 

Note:  If the author's name is not listed, begin the citation with the title of the article.

Kershner, Isabel. "Ancient Grocery Lists May Shed Light on When the Bible Was First Written." New York Times , 2016 April 12, p. A8.

(Author's Last Name Page Number)

(Kershner A8)

Note : If an article is only one page long, you do not need to provide the page number in the in-text citation. 

Note : If there is no author listed, the in-text citation would include the first word or words of the title of the article in quotation marks, e.g. ("Talks").

If the newspaper is a less well-known or local publication, include the city name in brackets after the title of the newspaper.

Behre, Robert. "Presidential Hopefuls Get Final Crack at Core of S.C. Democrats."  Post and Courier  [Charleston, SC], 29 Apr. 2007, p. A11.

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MLA Citation Guide (MLA 9th Edition): Newspaper Articles

• Understanding Core Elements
• Formatting Appendices and Works Cited List
• Writing an Annotated Bibliography
• Academic Honesty and Citation
• In-Text Citation
• Charts, Graphs, Images, and Tables
• Class Notes and Presentations
• Encyclopedias and Dictionaries
• Generative AI
• In Digital Assignments
• Interviews and Emails
• Journal and Magazine Articles
• Newspaper Articles
• Social Media
• Special Collections
• Videos and DVDs
• When Information Is Missing
• Citation Software

What if an author is not listed?

Begin the newspaper article citation with the title of the article if the author's name is not listed. For the in-text citation, list the first word or first few words of the title (excluding a, an, the).

Newspaper Article in Print

Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Article: Subtitle if Any." Name of Newspaper, Date of Publication, p. Page number. 

Cook, Lorne. "EU Warns 3 Nations of Legal Action."  San Francisco Chronicle,  14 June 2017, p. A4+. 

Note:   If the article appears on non-consecutive pages (e.g., the article starts on page 4 then continues on page 12), write the first page number and a plus (+) sign. E.g., 4

Newspaper Article from a Website

Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Article: Subtitle if Any." Name of New Publication , Date of Publication, URL.

Litz, Sarah. "All the Fires: What You Need to Know on Size, Containment."  Reno Gazette-Journal , 12 July 2017, www.rgj.com/story/news/2017/07/12/farad-fire-updates-size-containment-hills-burn-west-verdi/471293001/.

  Note: This entry has no page numbers, so this information is left out of the citation.

Newspaper Article from a Library Database

Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Article: Subtitle if Any." Name of Newspaper [city of newspaper if city name not in name], Date of Publication, p. Page number if given. Name of Database, Permalink URL. 

Russolillo, Steven. "Why the Housing Market is Getting Stronger: New-home Sales and Quarterly Results from Toll Brothers this Week Should Bolster the Housing Market's Solid Fundamentals."  Wall Street Journal , 22 May 2016.  ProQuest,  unr.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1790256212?accountid=452. 

 Note : If an article title ends with a question mark or exclamation mark, you do not need to add a period to the end of the title. 

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APA Referencing – Citing a Newspaper Article

• 3-minute read
• 6th September 2016

If you’ve been at college for a while, you might already be pretty good when it comes to citing sources . Maybe you know all about referencing books and academic journals. But have you given much thought to newspaper articles?

OK, you’re not likely to cite a National Enquirer article called “BILL CLINTON CONFESSION: I HUNTED ALIENS” in a serious paper about astrobiology.

But discussing politics, culture or social trends can require referring to current events, which usually means citing a newspaper. In today’s blog post, we explain exactly how to do this using APA referencing (7th edition) .

In-Text Citations

APA conventions for citing a newspaper article are similar to those used for other sources, with the author’s name and year of publication given in parentheses. If directly quoting an article from a print edition of a newspaper (they’re still a thing, you know), you should give page numbers, too:

The Guardian reported the plan to secede “with or without the approval of Madrid” (Jones, 2016, p. 12).

If the author is named in the text, simply give the year of publication immediately afterwards and any relevant page numbers after the quoted text:

According to Sam Jones (2016), Catalonia is “is preparing to defy Spain’s constitutional court” (p. 11).

If no author is named for an article, APA suggests including a shortened version of the article title in citations instead:

Anne Bancroft was reported to sometimes burp in public (“I’m A Slob,” 1964).

Yes, that last one was a genuine story . Although only insofar as anything in the National Enquirer can ever really be called “a genuine story.” It seems more plausible than the alien thing, at least.

Reference List: Print Articles

When an article is cited from a print edition of a newspaper the information to include in your reference list is:

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Author name and initial(s). (Year, month and day published). Article title. Newspaper , page numbers.

For the Guardian article cited above, this would appear as follows:

Jones, S. (2016, July 27). Catalonia tells Spain it will push for secession with or without assent. The Guardian , pp. 11-13.

If the article does not name an author, use the full title of the article in its place:

I’m a slob: I burp and slurp in public. (1964, December 20). National Enquirer , pp. 1-3.

We promise that’s the last time we’ll mention the National Enquirer .

Reference List: Online Articles

The only difference when referencing the online version of a newspaper article is that you need to give the URL rather than page numbers:

Author name(s) and initial(s). (Year, month and day published). Article title. Newspaper . URL

The online version of the Guardian article above would therefore appear as:

Jones, S. (2016, July 27). Catalonia tells Spain it will push for secession with or without assent. The Guardian . https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/27/catalonia-independence-spain-democratic-mandate

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APA Citation Style, 7th edition: Newspaper Article

• General Style Guidelines
• One Author or Editor
• Two Authors or Editors
• Three to Five Authors or Editors
• Article or Chapter in an Edited Book
• Article in a Reference Book
• Edition other than the First
• Translation
• Government Publication
• Journal Article with 1 Author
• Journal Article with 2 Authors
• Journal Article with 3–20 Authors
• Journal Article 21 or more Authors
• Magazine Article
• Newspaper Article
• Basic Web Page
• Web page from a University site
• Web Page with No Author
• Entry in a Reference Work
• Government Document
• Film and Television
• Youtube Video
• Audio Podcast
• Electronic Image
• Twitter/Instagram
• Lecture/PPT
• Conferences
• Secondary Sources
• Citation Support
• Avoiding Plagiarism
• Formatting Your Paper

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

What is a DOI? A DOI ( digital object identifier ) is a unique alphanumeric string assigned by a registration agency (the International DOI Foundation) to identify content and provide a persistent link to its location on the internet. 

NOTE: It is regarded as the most important part of the citation because it will accurately direct users to the specific article.

Think of it as a "digital fingerprint" or an article's DNA!

The rules for DOIs have been updated in the 7th edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. They should be included as URLs, rather than just the alphanumeric string.

Correct:  

• http://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-12-114
• http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-12-114

Incorrect:     

• doi: 10.1186/1471-2288-12-114
• Retrieved from http://doi:10.1186/1471-2288-12-114
• FREE DOI Look-up (Cross-Ref)
• DOI System: FAQ
• Looking up a DOI
• DOI Flowchart

Newspaper Article (pp. 200-201)

General Format

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): 

(Author Surname, Year)

In-Text Citation (Quotation):

(Author Surname, Year, page number)

References:

Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year, Month Day). Article title: Subtitle. Newspaper Title, page range. URL [if viewed online]

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase):

(Wallace, 2007)

(Wallace, 2007, p. A8)

Wallace, K. (2007, December 4). Passport applicant finds massive privacy breach. The Globe and Mail , pp. A1, A8.

(Severson & Martin, 2009)

In-Text Citation (Quotation:

Severson, K. &, Martin, A. (2009, March 3). It's organic, but does that mean it's safer? The New York Times . http://www.nytimes.com

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Citation Help for APA, 7th Edition: Newspaper Article

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Variation - No Author?

Article Example

How to launch your career in project management: Project management can be a rewarding and challenging career, but where do you start? (2018, February 27). Management Today .  https://www.managementtoday.co.uk/launch-career-project-management/your-career/article/1458219

Explanation

When there is no author move the article title to the author spot. Do not italicize title and end with a period. Follow the title with the publication date in parentheses. Then, complete the rest of the reference as directed by source type.

Parenthetical Citation

("How to Launch," 2018)

Parenthetical Explanation

When there is no author, look at the reference, first. Then, use the title (or whatever is in the author spot) in the citation within the body of the paper. If the title is italicized (as with a book or video) keep the italics in the citation. If the title is not italicized (as with a book chapter or article) put quotation marks around the title. Additionally, be sure to capitalize all major words in the title within the citation. Finally, if the title is overly long, shorten the title. NOTE:  Notice in the parenthetical citation example that the comma is inside the quotation marks followed by the date. 

More Information

For more information about creating references for sources without authors, see Section 9.12 on page 289 of the APA Manual, 7th edition. For more information about creating parenthetical and narrative citations for sources with no authors, see Section 8.14 on pages 264-265 of the APA Manual, 7th edition.

Variation - Periodical Information?

In the event there is any missing periodical information (i.e., journal volume, journal issue, or page numbers), then omit this information from the reference.  

More Information:

For more information, see Section 9.26 on page 294 of the APA Manual, 7th edition. 

Variations - Live Hyperlinks?

Should my urls be live.

It depends. When adding URLs to a paper or other work, first, be sure to include the full hyperlink. This includes the http:// or the https://. Additionally, consider where and how the paper or work will be published or read. If the work will only be read in print or as a Word doc or Google Doc, then the URLs should not be live (i.e., they are not blue or underlined). However, if the work will be published or read online, then APA advises to include live URLs. This would allow the reader to click on a link and go to the source.   

For more information, see Section 9.35 on pages 299-300 of the APA Manual, 7th edition. 

NOTE: Check your instructor's preference about using live URLs. Some instructors may not want you to use live URLs. 

Variations - URLs?

Some URLs may be long and complicated. APA 7th edition allows the use of shorter URLs. Shortened URLs can be created using any URL shortener service; however, if you choose to shorten the URL, you must double-check that the URL is functioning and brings the reader to the correct website. 

Common URL Shortner websites include:

For more information about URLs, see Section 9.36 on page 300 of APA Manual, 7th edition. 

NOTE:  Check your instructor's preference about using short URLs. Some instructors may want the full URL. 

Newspaper Print Example

Ashenmacher, W. (2015, May 31). Reversing the sands of time: After years of neglect and  abuse, Park Point's dune ecosystem is making

a comeback thanks to the work of volunteers. Duluth News Tribune, A1.

Author: Ashenmacher, W.  

Begin the reference with the author's last name. Add a comma after the author's last name. Then, add the initials of the author's first and middle names (if present). Add a period after each initial. If the author provides a middle name or middle initial, be sure to add a space between the initials.  

Date of Publication: (2015, May 31). 

Next, add the date the newspaper article was published. In parentheses, add the year, followed by a comma and the month. After the month, add the day. Add a period after the parentheses.   

Title of the Article:  Reversing the sands of time: After years of neglect and abuse. Park Point's dune ecosystem is making a comeback thanks to the work of volunteers.

Next, add the title of the article. The title and subtitle (if present) are separated by a colon. Capitalize only the first word of the title and subtitle as well as proper nouns. Add a period after the title.   

Source Information: Duluth News Tribue, A1 .

Complete the reference with the source information. In this case, it would be the newspaper title and the page numbers the article appears on. For the newspaper title, capitalize all major words in the title, and be sure to italicize the title. After the newspaper title, add the page number of the article. If the article appears on more than 1 page, include the page range. If the pages are not on consecutive pages, add each page number separating with a comma. Add a period after the page number.  

For more information about articles and periodicals, see Sections 9.25 and 9.26 on page 294 as well as Section10.1 and the examples on pages 316-321 of the APA Manual, 7th edition. 

Parenthetical Citation Example:

(Ashenmacher, 2015)

Narrative Citation Example:

Ashenmacher (2015) shared ...

For more information about author format in parenthetical and narrative citations, see Section 8.17 and Table 8.1 on page 266 of the APA Manual, 7th edition. 

Online Newspaper Article

McCabe, D., & Conger, K. (2019, December 17). Stamping out online sex trafficking may have pushed it underground. New York

Times .  https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/17/technology/fosta-sex-trafficking-law.html?action=click&module=News&pgtype=Homepage

Author: McCabe, D., & Conger, K.  

Begin the reference with the author's last name. Add a comma after the author's last name. Then, add the initials of the author's first and middle names (if present). Add a period after each initial. If the author provides a middle name or middle initial, be sure to add a space between the initials. If there are additional authors, add a comma after the first author's middle initial, and proceed to add the other authors using the same format as previously described. Add the authors in the same exact order they are listed in the article. Do not change the order of the authors. Before the last author, add an ampersand (&).  

Date of Publication: (2019, December 17). 

Title of the article:  stamping out online sex trafficking may have pushed it underground..

Next, add the title of the article. The title and subtitle (if present) are separated by a colon. Capitalize only the first word of the title and subtitle as well as proper nouns or abbreviations. Add a period after the title.   

Source Information: New York Times .  https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/17/technology/fosta-sex-trafficking-law.html?action=click&module=News&pgtype=Homepage

Complete the reference with the source information. In this case, it would be the magazine title, the volume number, the issue number, the page numbers, and the URL. For the magazine title, capitalize all major words in the title, including any initial article (e.g., The, A, An). Do not capitalize prepositions or articles in the middle of the magazine title (e.g., of, the, an, etc.). Italicize the magazine title. After the magazine title, add the volume number and be sure to italicize. Then, add the issue number in parentheses. After the parentheses add a comma and include the page numbers of the article. Add a period after the parentheses.  

 For more information about articles and periodicals, see Sections 9.25 and 9.26 on page 294 as well as Section10.1 and the examples on pages 316-321 of the APA Manual, 7th edition. 

(McCabe & Conger, 2019)

McCabe and Conger (2019) uncovered ...

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MLA Newspaper Citation

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How to cite a newspaper in a bibliography using MLA

The most basic entry for a newspaper article consists of the author’s name(s), the article title, the new publication’s name, the publication date, and page number(s). When available, also include the new publication’s season, a volume number, or issue number. Remember, don’t capitalize seasons in the date field when using MLA (winter 2020 not Winter 2020).

Last Name, First Name. “Article Title.” Newspaper Name , Publication Date, pp. #-#.

Smith, John. “Steelers Win Super Bowl XLIII.” Pittsburgh Post-Gazette , 2 Feb. 2009, pp. 4-6.

Reverse the first author’s name, placing a comma placed after the last name and a period after the first name (or any middle name). Do not abbreviate the name and write it exactly as it appears on the article title page. Titles and affiliations associated with the author should generally be omitted. A suffix, such as a roman numeral or Jr./Sr. should appear after the author’s given name, preceded by a comma.

For a news article written by two authors, list them in the order they appear on the article title page. Reverse only the first author’s name and write the other names in normal order. Separate author names with a comma and place the word “and” before the second author’s name.

Smith, John, and Jane Doe. “Steelers Win Super Bowl XLIII.” Pittsburgh Post-Gazette , 2 Feb. 2009, pp. 4-6.

For news articles with three or more authors, only include the first author, followed by a comma and the abbreviation “et al.”

Smith, John, et al. “Steelers Win Super Bowl XLIII.” Pittsburgh Post-Gazette , 2 Feb. 2009, pp. 4-6.

Place the full article title in double quotation marks and use headline-style capitalization. Unless there is internal punctuation included in the article title, place a period after the title and within the quotations. Next, state the name of the magazine in italics. Separate any additional fields such as date or page(s) with commas. End the citation entry with a period.

Omit any introductory articles (e.g., A, An, The) from the newspaper name unless they are part of the official news publication’s title ( The New York Times ). If the publication city is not present in the newspaper name, place the city, without italics, in square brackets after the newspaper name (unless the newspaper is a well-known national newspaper).

Smith, John. “Steelers Win Super Bowl XLIII.” Star-Ledger [Newark], 2 Feb. 2009, pp. 4-6.

The date of the newspaper article should be written in the international format (i.e., day-month-year). Except for May, June, and July, abbreviate month names (using the first four letters for September and the first three letters for all other months), followed by a period. News publication dates vary and may be a complete date, a period spanning two months, a season, or just a month and year. Give whatever date information is available. Again, remember not to capitalize the seasons when using MLA.

Include the page numbers on which the article appears, followed by a period. Cite all inclusive page numbers—if the article spans pages that are not consecutive, cite only the first page, followed by a plus sign.

Smith, John. “Steelers Win Super Bowl XLIII.” Pittsburgh Post-Gazette , 2 Feb. 2009, pp. 16+.

If no page numbers are available, for instance, in an online publication, omit the page number(s) field.

Smith, John. “Steelers Win Super Bowl XLIII.” Pittsburgh Post-Gazette , 2 Feb. 2009.

Next, if necessary, cite the location details for the source container of the newspaper article (e.g., database name and URL, website name and DOI). Italicize the container name if it is a database or website title containing the smaller work, the newspaper article, and only if the website name doesn’t repeat the news publication name. Remember, MLA prefers not to duplicate information. For information found online, include a DOI or URL.

If the article was published online, you may choose to include the web address of the page, but MLA prefers you include that online location, in order of preference, by using the DOI, permalink, or URL. MLA recommends using the DOI when it’s available because they are more reliable locators than URLs. DOIs are also more concise. When wondering whether to include a URL in your works-cited list or bibliography, follow the guidelines of your instructor, school, or publisher.

According to MLA’s 9th edition updated in 2021, you may usually leave out http:// or https:// from URLs unless you want to hyperlink them or unless instructed otherwise. When in doubt, ask your instructor. If a DOI is available, use that instead of the URL. For DOIs, use http:// or https:// before the DOI: https://doi.org/xx.xxxx/xxx.xxxx.xxxx. Use a period after the DOI.

Smith, John. “Steelers Win Super Bowl XLIII.” Pittsburgh Post-Gazette , 2 Feb. 2009, www.pittsburghpostgazette.com/feb/2009/steelers-win-super-bowl-XLIII.

Smith, John. “Obama Inaugurated as President.” The New York Times , 21 Jan. 2009, https://doi.org/12.3456/012.2009.1112.

Smith, John. “Obama Inaugurated as President.” The Atlantic , 21 Jan. 2009, LexisNexis , www.lexisnexisdatabase.com/theatlantic/archives/obama-inaugurated-as-president.

If an edition of the newspaper is listed on the masthead, place a comma after the publication, and include the edition with the abbreviation “ed.” after the publication date.

Smith, John. “Steelers Win Super Bowl XLIII.” Pittsburgh Post-Gazette , 2 Feb. 2009, early ed., pp. 4-6.

If the newspaper paginates each section separately, indicate the section where the article was found. If the section consists of a single letter, add the section letter to the beginning of the page numbers. Otherwise, separate the section name from the page numbers by placing a comma after the date (or edition, if available), including the abbreviation “sec.” and the section name, followed by a comma and the page number(s).

Smith, John. “Steelers Win Super Bowl XLIII.” Pittsburgh Post-Gazette , 2 Feb. 2009, p. A7.

Smith, John. “Steelers Win Super Bowl XLIII.” Pittsburgh Post-Gazette , 2 Feb. 2009, Sports sec., pp. 4-6.

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As per Section 5.84 of the MLA Handbook , 9 th edition, if a periodical (newspaper, journal, or magazine) has different pagination throughout, then you may mention the section title along with the the page number in your location element.

Last Name, First Name. “Article Title.” Newspaper Name , Day Month Year, Section name, p. #.

Hoppkins, Mandy. “The Madness of Love.” The Monday Love Letter, 3 Jan 2022, Arts sec., pp. 3-4.

There are no major differences between the works-cited entry of a print newspaper and an online newspaper in MLA style. A print newspaper is represented more like a print journal article. This means page numbers are included. An online newspaper includes the URL in place of a page number.

Below are examples of a print newspaper and online newspaper in MLA style.

Author’s Surname, First Name. “Title of the Newspaper Article.” Name of the Newspaper , Date, pp. #–#.

Author’s Surname, First Name. “Title of the Newspaper Article.” Name of the Newspaper , Date, URL.

Atkinson, Brooks. “Abstract Drama; Beckett’s ‘Endgame’ is Staged with Ingenuity at Cherry Lane.” New York Times , 16 Feb. 1958, pp. 7–9.  

Bounds, A. “Levelling Up Bias in Favour of Tory Seats.” Financial Times , 31 Mar., 2021, www.ft.com/content/d485da2a-5778-45ae-9fa8-ca024bc8bbcf?fbclid=IwAR1Zng7heRN0RTxXckLgJ9x8kI0ItxVypb92rZ32IpRuq7sOSrb6qzFCLLU .

• The newspaper name is given in italics.
• Abbreviate the month in the date field (except May, June, and July).
• If URL is given, include it after the newspaper date.
• Do not include “https:” before the URL.

Home / Guides / Citation Guides / MLA Format / How to Cite a Newspaper Article in MLA

How to Cite a Newspaper Article in MLA

Newspaper – A daily or weekly publication that contains news, often featuring articles on political events, crime, business, art, entertainment, society, and sports.

Some examples of popular newspapers include The New York Times , Wall Street Journal , USA Today , and The Chicago Tribune .

How to cite a newspaper in print

View Screenshot | Cite your source

When citing a newspaper in print

• The city name is in the name of the newspaper.
• It is a national or international newspaper.
• Page numbers : One page number is “p. #” More than one page is “pp. ##-##.”

How to cite a newspaper article found online

Cite your source

When citing a newspaper found online

• URL : Omit the https://.
• Accessed date : Technically, the access date is supplemental and does not always need to be included. However, due to the easily changeable nature of online information, many teachers prefer to include it in the citation.

How to cite a newspaper article found on a database

When citing a newspaper article found on a database

• Accessed date : Technically, the access date is supplemental. However, some teachers will request to have it included.

Published October 31, 2011. Updated May 18, 2021.

MLA Formatting Guide

MLA Formatting

• Annotated Bibliography
• Bibliography
• Block Quotes
• et al Usage
• In-text Citations
• Paraphrasing
• Page Numbers
• Sample Paper
• Works Cited
• MLA 8 Updates
• MLA 9 Updates
• View MLA Guide

Citation Examples

• Book Chapter
• Journal Article
• Magazine Article
• Newspaper Article
• Website (no author)
• View all MLA Examples

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To cite an online newspaper article in MLA style, you need to have basic information including the author, publication date, title of the article, newspaper name, and the URL. The templates for in-text citations and works-cited-list entries of an online newspaper article, along with examples, are given below for one author:

In-text citation template and example:

For citations in prose, use the first name and surname of the author in the first occurrence. In subsequent citations, use only the surname. In parenthetical citations, always use only the surname of the author.

Citation in prose:

First mention: Jane Brody . . .

Subsequent occurrences: Brody . . .

Parenthetical:

. . . (Brody)

Works-cited-list entry template and example:

The title of the article is in plain text and title case; it is placed inside quotation marks. The newspaper name is given in italics. Follow the format given in the template and example for writing the date, month, and year.

Surname, First Name. “Title of the Article.” Title of the Newspaper , Publication date, URL.

Reuters. “Wildfire in Southern Spain Forces 500 to Flee.” The Times of India , 9 Sept. 2021, www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/europe/wildfire-in-southern-spain-forces-500-to-flee/articleshow/86063279.cms .

To cite an article from the New York Times in MLA style, you need to have basic information including the author, publication date, title of the article, and the URL. The templates for in-text citation and works-cited-list entry of an article from the New York Times, along with examples, are given below for one author:

The title of the article is in plain text and title case; it is placed inside quotation marks. The newspaper name, “ The New York Times ,” is given in italics. Follow the format given in the template and example for writing the date, month, and year.

Surname, First Name. “Title of the Article.” The New York Times , Publication date, URL.

Brody, Jane. “How Vision Loss Can Affect the Brain.” The New York Times , 10 Sept. 2021, www.nytimes.com/2021/09/06/well/live/vision-loss-brain-health.html .

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How to Cite a Newspaper in APA Style

Introduction: Newspapers are important sources for current events and historical research. Citing newspapers in APA style requires specific elements: author’s name, article title, newspaper name, publication date, and page numbers or URL for online articles. These details apply to both in-text citations and reference list entries.

The Anatomy of a Newspaper Citation

Each piece of information in a citation plays a critical role:

• Author’s Name: Indicates the individual responsible for the intellectual content of the article.
• Publication Date:  Helps locate the article within a specific time context.
• Title of the Article:  Guides the reader to the specific content being cited.
• Name of the Newspaper:  Identifies the source in which the article was published, lending context and credibility.

How to Format an In-Text Citation for a Newspaper

The Basics of In-Text Citation: Author’s Last Permission and Year

In APA style, the in-text citation typically includes the author’s last name and the year of publication, enclosed in parentheses. For example: (Smith, 2023). This method quickly directs the reader to the more detailed citation in the reference list.

Variations Based on Direct Quotes and Paraphrasing

When directly quoting a newspaper, include the page number in the citation: (Smith, 2023, p. A4). If you’re paraphrasing, you generally omit the page number, focusing only on the author’s last name and the year.  

Examples to Guide Your Formatting

Providing examples here clarifies how to apply these rules:  

• Direct quote: As Smith (2023) points out, “the event marked a turning point” (p. A4).
• Paraphrasing: The event was a significant milestone (Smith, 2023).

Creating the Reference List Entry for a Newspaper Article  

Handling Missing Information: No Author, No Date, etc.

Sometimes, details like the author’s name or the date may be missing. This guide will show how to handle such situations using placeholders like “n.d.” (no date) or “Anonymous” if the author is unknown.  

Examples of Properly Formatted Newspaper References

To demonstrate, here are a few examples:  

With author:

James, S. (2023, May 25). City council approves new park. The Daily News , pp. 1-2.

City council approves new park. (2023, May 25). The Daily News , pp. 1-2.

Citing Online Newspapers: Special Considerations

How Digital Access Changes Citation Details

Online articles often include additional details such as URLs or DOIs (Digital Object Identifiers). This section will explain how to incorporate these elements into your citations to accommodate the digital format.  

Dealing with URLs and DOI in Online Newspapers

Guidance on when and how to include URLs and DOIs ensures that your citations meet current APA standards while being accessible to your readers.  

Examples of Online Newspaper Citations in APA Style

For instance:  

Smith, J. (2023, May 25). Major policy changes announced. The Global Times . Retrieved from https://www.globaltimes.com/major_policy_changes

Tips to Ensure Accuracy and Consistency

Adopting best practices such as double-checking each citation against the latest APA guidelines, using WriterBuddy citation tool , and keeping track of updates in citation practices can significantly enhance the accuracy of your work.  

Why is it important to include both the author’s name and the publication date in an APA citation?

Including the author’s name and publication date not only helps attribute the original work correctly but also assists readers in locating the source material quickly, enhancing the reliability and traceability of your research.

What should I do if the newspaper article I’m citing doesn’t have an author?

In cases where no author is listed, start the citation with the title of the article, followed by the date and other citation details. This ensures the source is still properly credited and identifiable.

How do I handle citations for online newspaper articles that do not have a DOI?

For online articles without a DOI, include the direct URL of the article. Make sure the URL is functional and leads the reader directly to the article, not just the newspaper’s homepage.

Can I use a citation generator to help format my APA citations for newspaper articles?

Yes, citation generators like WriterBuddy can be extremely helpful in formatting APA citations correctly. However, always double-check the generator’s output against the latest APA guidelines to ensure accuracy.

Accurate citation of newspapers in APA format is essential for academic credibility. The process involves including author information, article details, publication information, and location specifics. Following these guidelines helps properly attribute news sources and provides readers with necessary information to locate the original article.

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Harvard Referencing – How to Cite a Newspaper Article

• 2-minute read
• 27th July 2016

Newspapers and magazines aren’t the most common sources in academic writing . Nevertheless, you may need to cite a magazine or newspaper article when writing about something that has been in the media (or when analysing the media itself). As such, we’re looking at how to cite a newspaper article or magazine in Harvard referencing.

In-Text Citations

As with most source types, Harvard referencing uses a standard author–date format for in-text citations of magazines and newspapers.

The important thing here is to check whether the article has a named author. If it does, use the author’s name in your citation alongside the year of publication. If it’s a print version of the article and you’re quoting it directly, you should also provide relevant page numbers:

Leicester’s season was ‘hailed as a sporting miracle’ (Wagg, 2016, p. 20).

If the article has no named author, simply use the newspaper/magazine’s name instead:

A Yorkshire terrier called Eddie was reunited with his owners after being missing for five years, despite living only half a mile away (The Guardian, 2016).

As you can see, we’ve picked the most hard-hitting news story we could find to use as an example in this post.

Reference List

If you’ve cited a print version of a magazine or newspaper article, the information required in the reference list is as follows (if no author is named, as above, use the magazine/newspaper title):

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Surname, Initial(s). (Year) ‘Title of Article’, Title of Newspaper/Magazine , issue number (if applicable), day and/or month of publication, page number(s).

The Wagg article in the example above would therefore appear as:

Wagg, S. (2016) ‘Under No Illusions’, When Saturday Comes , 352, June, pp. 20-21.

For online articles, the format is similar but with a URL and date of access given in place of page numbers:

Surname, Initial(s). (Year) ‘Title of Article’, Title of Newspaper/Magazine , issue number (if applicable), day and/or month of publication [Online]. Available at URL [Accessed date].

The Guardian article above would therefore appear in the reference list as:

The Guardian (2016) ‘Missing dog found half a mile from owners’ home after five years’, The Guardian , 20 May [Online]. Available at http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2016/may/20/missing-dog-found-five-years-yorkshire-terrier-eddie-microchip [Accessed 24 June 2016].

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How to Cite a Newspaper Article

Last Updated: April 21, 2023

This article was reviewed by Gerald Posner and by wikiHow staff writer, Jennifer Mueller, JD . Gerald Posner is an Author & Journalist based in Miami, Florida. With over 35 years of experience, he specializes in investigative journalism, nonfiction books, and editorials. He holds a law degree from UC College of the Law, San Francisco, and a BA in Political Science from the University of California-Berkeley. He’s the author of thirteen books, including several New York Times bestsellers, the winner of the Florida Book Award for General Nonfiction, and has been a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize in History. He was also shortlisted for the Best Business Book of 2020 by the Society for Advancing Business Editing and Writing. This article has been viewed 95,681 times.

Whether you're writing a paper for a school assignment or creating a presentation, you may want to use a newspaper article as a source. Generally, newspaper articles are cited differently than books or articles in scholarly journals. The format of the citation varies slightly among Modern Language Association (MLA), American Psychological Association (APA), and Chicago citation styles. Your citation also may differ if you're citing the article from the newspaper's website, rather than from the print version.

Sample Citations

• Example: Kent, Clark.
• If there's no author, skip to the next element in the citation.

• Example: Kent, Clark. "Villains Take Over Gotham; Superman Stays Away."

• If you include the city in brackets, it isn't italicized.
• Example: Kent, Clark. "Villains Take Over Gotham; Superman Stays Away." The Daily Planet [Metropolis],

• Example: Kent, Clark. "Villains Take Over Gotham; Superman Stays Away." The Daily Planet [Metropolis], 17 July 2017, p. A1.
• If the article appears online without a page number, simply place a period after the date of publication.

• Database example: Kent, Clark. "Villains Take Over Gotham; Superman Stays Away." The Daily Planet [Metropolis], 17 July 2017, p. A1. DC News.
• URL example: Kent, Clark. "Villains Take Over Gotham; Superman Stays Away." The Daily Planet [Metropolis], 17 July 2017, p. A1. www.dailyplanet.com/superman_spurns_gotham.

• Example: (Kent, A1)
• If there's no author listed, place the first word or words of the title in quotation marks for your parenthetical. If there's no page number, simply leave that part out.

• Example: Clark, K.
• If the article has no author, start your bibliographic entry with the title of the article in sentence-case. Capitalize only the initial word and any proper nouns.

• Example: Clark, K. (2017, July 17).
• For articles with no author, put the date in parentheses after the title of the article.

• Example: Clark, K. (2017, July 17). Villains take over Gotham; Superman stays away.

• Example: Clark, K. (2017, July 17). Villains take over Gotham; Superman stays away. The Daily Planet , p. A1.

• Database example: Villains take over Gotham; Superman stays away. The Daily Planet , p. A1. Retrieved from Collected DC News.
• URL example: Villains take over Gotham; Superman stays away. The Daily Planet , p. A1. Retrieved from http://www.dailyplanet.com

• Paraphrase example: (Kent, 2017)
• Direct quote example: (Kent, 2017, p. A1)

• If no author is listed, start with the name of the newspaper in italics, followed by a comma. For example: The Daily Planet ,

• Example: Kent, Clark. "Villains Take Over Gotham; Superman Stays Away." The Daily Planet .

• Example: Kent, Clark. "Villains Take Over Gotham; Superman Stays Away." The Daily Planet . July 17, 2017.

• Example: Kent, Clark. "Villains Take Over Gotham; Superman Stays Away." The Daily Planet . July 17, 2017. www.dailyplanet.com/superman_spurns_gotham (accessed July 19, 2017).

• Example: Clark Kent, "Villains Take Over Gotham; Superman Stays Away," The Daily Planet , July 17, 2017. www.dailyplanet.com/superman_spurns_gotham (accessed July 19, 2017).
• After citing the article in a footnote once in your paper, use a shortened form in subsequent footnotes. The shortened form is the author's last name followed by a shortened version of the title in quotation marks. For example: Kent, "Villains Take Over."

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About this article

To cite a newspaper article in MLA format, start by writing the author’s last and first name, separated by a comma. Next, add the title of the article, ending with a period, and put the entire title in quotation marks. Then, include the name of the newspaper in italics and place a comma after it. If the city isn’t part of the newspaper’s name, put it in brackets before the comma. After the comma, write the date of publication and the page number. Additionally, for articles found online, provide a link to the article, starting with “ http://“ and ending with a period. To learn how to cite a newspaper article in other formats, such as APA style or Chicago style, read on! Did this summary help you? Yes No

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How do you cite a newspaper article?

Go to 7th edition guidelines

Example (print version):

Schwartz, J. (1993, September 30). Obesity affects economic, social status. The Washington Post , pp. A1, A4.

Precede page numbers for newspaper articles with p. or pp.

• If an article appears on discontinuous pages, give all page numbers, and separate the numbers with a comma (e.g., pp. B1, B3, B5–B7).

Example (electronic version):

Brody, J. E. (2007, December 11). Mental reserves keep brain agile. The New York Times . Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com

Give the URL of the home page when the online version of the article is available by search to avoid nonworking URLs.

(adapted from the sixth edition of the APA Publication Manual , © 2010)

APA Style Contacts

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How to Use a Newspaper Name in an Essay

Writing an essay often involves citing sources of information you used in your article. Sources may include books, encyclopedias, websites and newspapers. When citing information or facts from a newspaper article, refer to the newspaper by name in the citation. Both the Modern Language Association (MLA) style and the American Psychological Association (APA) style require similar formats when you use a newspaper name in an essay.

Capitalize the first word and all other important words (more than three letters long) of the newspaper name in the essay.

Type the newspaper name in italics.

Follow the newspaper name by a comma or a period.

An APA complete citation includes the author's last name, first name, the date in parentheses, the article title, the newspaper title and the page numbers. An MLA complete citation includes the author's last name, first name, the article title in quotation marks (followed by a period inside the quotation marks), the newspaper title, the date, the edition, the page numbers and the word "print."

• Landmark College: APA Citation Style

Kathryn Hatter is a veteran home-school educator, as well as an accomplished gardener, quilter, crocheter, cook, decorator and digital graphics creator. As a regular contributor to Natural News, many of Hatter's Internet publications focus on natural health and parenting. Hatter has also had publication on home improvement websites such as Redbeacon.

• Library of Congress
• Research Guides
• Newspapers & Current Periodicals

U.S. Newspaper Collections at the Library of Congress

How to find a newspaper.

• Introduction
• U.S. Newspapers Currently Received
• Chronological Index to Microfilm (1940-1989)
• Alabama to Guam
• Hawaii to Louisiana
• Maine to Nevada
• New Hampshire to Puerto Rico
• Rhode Island to Wyoming
• Connecticut
• District of Columbia
• Massachusetts
• New Hampshire
• North Carolina
• Pennsylvania
• Rhode Island
• South Carolina
• West Virginia
• Special Newspaper Collections
• Reference Sources
• Additional Resources Online

U.S. Newspapers are found in physical formats such as original print or microfilm, or in digital format. A newspaper could be held in one format or all three, depending on the date of publication. Keep in mind that not every U.S. newspaper has been digitized and the Library of Congress does not hold a copy of every newspaper published. For more information, see the LC Collections Policy Statement for United States Newspapers .

Below is information on how to search the Library of Congress Online Catalog and the Library of Congress E-Resources Online Catalog . Be aware that most e-resources are limited to on-site access only. If you are unable to find what you need, please use our Ask A Librarian service , as reference staff also use printed resources and catalogs that are not found online.

Please note that unbound newspapers cannot be requested through the online catalog. All requests must be done in person in the Newspaper and Current Periodical Reading Room (NCPRR).

Searching the Library of Congress Online Catalog

The Library of Congress Online Catalog is the main access point for the Library's collections Library of Congress collections contain over 162 million books, periodicals, manuscripts, maps, music, recordings, images, and electronic resources. The online catalog contains 17 million records describing these collections.

If you have a newspaper citation and want to check our physical holdings:

• Using Browse , enter the newspaper title in "TITLES beginning with (omit initial article)" field. Omit any initial article, unless it is part of the newspaper's title, e.g., Los Angeles Times .
• Click "+Add Limits," select "Periodical or Newspaper" under "Type of Material," then click "Search."
• Many newspapers share similar names (e.g., Herald, Times, Post, Tribune) . Try selecting the place of publication if it is known.
• Depending on the number of related titles, there may be multiple results. Be sure to check that the date you need is within the listed publication's date range before selecting a record.
• Once you select the record (you may need to check several), scroll towards the bottom under "Item Availability" and check "Older Receipts." This lists the dates of the issues we have in various formats (microfilm, bound, portfolio, etc.).

Need more help searching the Library of Congress Online Catalog? Check out Search/Browse Help .

If you know the location and time frame, but not the newspaper title:

• Use the Directory of U.S. Newspapers in American Libraries to find out what newspapers were published in a specific place and time period. Select the location and time frame, which will retrieve a list of titles and publication information for each title. The directory also indicates whether or not the Library of Congress or other U.S. libraries have holdings.

Deciphering Library of Congress Online Catalog Call Numbers

Stumped about a term or number in the Library of Congress Online Catalog? Here's what you might find in a newspaper record:

Searching the Library of Congress E-Resources Online Catalog

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What happened in the Kolkata rape case that triggered doctors’ protests?

Activists and doctors in India demand better safeguarding of women and medical professionals after a trainee medic was raped and murdered in Kolkata.

Activists and doctors across India continued to protest on Wednesday to demand justice for a female doctor, who was raped and murdered while on duty in a hospital in the eastern city of Kolkata.

Feminist groups rallied on the streets in protests titled “Reclaim the Night” in Kolkata overnight on Wednesday – on the eve of India’s independence day – in solidarity with the victim, demanding the principal of RG Kar Medical College resign. Some feminist protesters also marched well beyond Kolkata, including in the capital Delhi.

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While the protests were largely peaceful, a small mob of men stormed the medical college and vandalised property. This group was dispersed by the police.

This comes after two days of nationwide protests by doctors following the incident at RG Kar Medical College in West Bengal’s capital city. “Sit-in demonstrations and agitation in the hospital campus will continue,” one of the protesting doctors, identified as Dr Mridul, told Al Jazeera.

Services in some medical centres were halted indefinitely, and marches and vigils shed light on issues of sexual violence, as well as doctors’ safety in the world’s most populous nation.

What happened to the doctor in Kolkata?

A 31-year-old trainee doctor’s dead body, bearing multiple injuries, was found on August 9 in a government teaching hospital in Kolkata.

The parents of the victim were initially told “by hospital authorities that their daughter had committed suicide,” lawyer and women’s rights activist Vrinda Grover told Al Jazeera. But an autopsy confirmed that the victim was raped and killed.

Grover has appeared for victims in sexual violence cases in India in the past, including Bilkis Bano , a Muslim woman who was gang-raped during the 2002 Gujarat riots, and Soni Sori, a tribal activist based in Chhattisgarh state.

Thousands of doctors marched in Kolkata on Monday, demanding better security measures and justice for the victim.

On Tuesday, the Kolkata High Court transferred the case to the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI).

The Federation of Resident Doctors Association (FORDA) called for a nationwide halting of elective services in hospitals starting on Monday. Elective services are medical treatments that can be deferred or are not deemed medically necessary.

On Tuesday, FORDA announced on its X account that it is calling off the strike after Health Minister Jagat Prakash Nadda accepted protest demands.

One of these demands was solidifying the Central Protection Act, intended to be a central law to protect medical professionals from violence, which was proposed in the parliament’s lower house in 2022, but has not yet been enacted.

FORDA said that the ministry would begin working on the Act within 15 days of the news release, and that a written statement from the ministry was expected to be released soon.

Press release regarding call off of strike. In our fight for the sad incident at R G Kar, the demands raised by us have been met in full by the @OfficeofJPNadda , with concrete steps in place, and not just verbal assurances. Central Healthcare Protection Act ratification… pic.twitter.com/OXdSZgM1Jc — FORDA INDIA (@FordaIndia) August 13, 2024

Why are some Indian doctors continuing to protest?

However, other doctors’ federations and hospitals have said they will not back down on the strike until a concrete solution is found, including a central law to curb attacks on doctors.

Those continuing to strike included the Federation of All India Medical Associations (FAIMA), Delhi-based All India Institute Of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) and Indira Gandhi Hospital, local media reported.

Ragunandan Dixit, the general secretary of the AIIMS Resident Doctors’ Association, said that the indefinite strike will continue until their demands are met, including a written guarantee of the implementation of the Central Protection Act.

Medical professionals in India want a central law that makes violence against doctors a non-bailable, punishable offence, in hopes that it deters such violent crimes against doctors in the future.

Those continuing to protest also call for the dismissal of the principal of the college, who was transferred. “We’re demanding his termination, not just transfer,” Dr Abdul Waqim Khan, a protesting doctor told ANI news agency. “We’re also demanding a death penalty for the criminal,” he added.

“Calling off the strike now would mean that female resident doctors might never receive justice,” Dr Dhruv Chauhan, member of the National Council of the Indian Medical Association’s Junior Doctors’ Network told local news agency Press Trust of India (PTI).

Which states in India saw doctors’ protests?

While the protests started in West Bengal’s Kolkata on Monday, they spread across the country on Tuesday.

The capital New Delhi, union territory Chandigarh, Uttar Pradesh capital Lucknow and city Prayagraj, Bihar capital Patna and southern state Goa also saw doctors’ protests.

Who is the suspect in the Kolkata rape case?

Local media reported that the police arrested suspect Sanjoy Roy, a civic volunteer who would visit the hospital often. He has unrestricted access to the ward and the police found compelling evidence against him.

The parents of the victim told the court that they suspect that it was a case of gang rape, local media reported.

Why is sexual violence on the rise in India?

Sexual violence is rampant in India, where 90 rapes were reported on average every day in 2022.

Laws against sexual violence were made stricter following a rape case in 2012, when a 22-year-old physiotherapy intern was brutally gang-raped and murdered on a bus in Delhi. Four men were hanged for the gang rape, which had triggered a nationwide protests.

But despite new laws in place, “the graph of sexual violence in India continues to spiral unabated,” said Grover.

She added that in her experience at most workplaces, scant attention is paid to diligent and rigorous enforcement of the laws.

“It is regrettable that government and institutions respond only after the woman has already suffered sexual assault and often succumbed to death in the incident,” she added, saying preventive measures are not taken.

In many rape cases in India, perpetrators have not been held accountable. In 2002, Bano was raped by 11 men, who were sentenced to life imprisonment. In 2022, the government of Prime Minister Narendra Modi authorised the release of the men, who were greeted with applause and garlands upon their release.

However, their remission was overruled and the Supreme Court sent the rapists back to jail after public outcry.

Grover believes that the death penalty will not deter rapists until India addresses the deeply entrenched problem of sexual violence. “For any change, India as a society will have to confront and challenge, patriarchy, discrimination and inequality that is embedded in our homes, families, cultural practices, social norms and religious traditions”.

What makes this case particularly prominent is that it happened in Kolkata, Sandip Roy, a freelance contributor to NPR, told Al Jazeera. “Kolkata actually prided itself for a long time on being really low in the case of violence against women and being relatively safe for women.”

A National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) report said that Kolkata had the lowest number of rape cases in 2021 among 19 metropolitan cities, with 11 cases in the whole year. In comparison, New Delhi was reported to have recorded 1, 226 cases that year.

Prime Minister Modi’s governing Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) has called for dismissing the government in West Bengal, where Kolkata is located, led by Mamata Banerjee of All India Trinamool Congress (AITC). Banerjee’s party is part of the opposition alliance.

Rahul Gandhi, the leader of the opposition in parliament, also called for justice for the victim.

“The attempt to save the accused instead of providing justice to the victim raises serious questions on the hospital and the local administration,” he posted on X on Wednesday.

Roy spoke about the politicisation of the case since an opposition party governs West Bengal. “The local government’s opposition will try to make this an issue of women’s safety in the state,” he said.

Have doctors in India protested before?

Roy explained to Al Jazeera that this case is an overlap of two kinds of violence, the violence against a woman, as well as violence against “an overworked medical professional”.

Doctors in India do not have sufficient workplace security, and attacks on doctors have started protests in India before.

In 2019, two junior doctors were physically assaulted in Kolkata’s Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital (NRSMCH) by a mob of people after a 75-year-old patient passed away in the hospital.

Those attacks set off doctors’ protests in Kolkata, and senior doctors in West Bengal offered to resign from their positions to express solidarity with the junior doctors who were attacked.

More than 75 percent of Indian doctors have faced some form of violence, according to a survey by the Indian Medical Association in 2015.

What happens next?

The case will now be handled by the CBI, which sent a team to the hospital premises to inspect the crime scene on Wednesday morning, local media reported.

According to Indian law, the investigation into a case of rape or gang rape is to be completed within two months from the date of lodging of the First Information Report (police complaint), according to Grover, the lawyer.

The highest court in West Bengal, which transferred the case from the local police to the CBI on Tuesday, has directed the central investigating agency to file periodic status reports regarding the progress of the investigation.

The FIR was filed on August 9, which means the investigation is expected to be completed by October 9.

Bengal women will create history with a night long protest in various major locations in the state for at 11.55pm on 14th of August’24,the night that’ll mark our 78th year as an independent country. The campaign, 'Women, Reclaim the Night: The Night is Ours', is aimed at seeking… pic.twitter.com/Si9fd6YGNb — purpleready (@epicnephrin_e) August 13, 2024