english essay topics for class 12th

Essay Topics – List of 500+ Essay Writing Topics and Ideas

List of 500+ essay writing topics and ideas.

Essay topics in English can be difficult to come up with. While writing essays , many college and high school students face writer’s block and have a hard time to think about topics and ideas for an essay. In this article, we will list out many good essay topics from different categories like argumentative essays, essays on technology, environment essays for students from 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th grades. Following list of essay topics are for all – from kids to college students. We have the largest collection of essays. An essay is nothing but a piece of content which is written from the perception of writer or author. Essays are similar to a story, pamphlet, thesis, etc. The best thing about Essay is you can use any type of language – formal or informal. It can biography, the autobiography of anyone. Following is a great list of 100 essay topics. We will be adding 400 more soon!

But Before that you may wanna read some awesome Essay Writing Tips here .

500+ essay topics for students and children

Get the Huge list of 100+ Speech Topics here

Argumentative Essay Topics

Should plastic be banned?
Pollution due to Urbanization
Education should be free
Should Students get limited access to the Internet?
Selling Tobacco should be banned
Smoking in public places should be banned
Facebook should be banned
Students should not be allowed to play PUBG

Essay Topics on Technology

Wonder Of Science
Mobile Phone

Essay Topics on Festivals on Events

Independence Day (15 August)
Teachers Day
Summer Vacation
Children’s Day
Swachh Bharat Abhiyan
Janmashtami
Republic Day

Essay Topics on Education

Education Essay
Importance of Education
Contribution of Technology in Education

Essay Topics on Famous Leaders

Mahatma Gandhi
APJ Abdul Kalam
Jawaharlal Nehru
Swami Vivekananda
Mother Teresa
Rabindranath Tagore
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
Subhash Chandra Bose
Abraham Lincoln
Martin Luther King
Lal Bahadur Shashtri

Essay Topics on Animals and Birds

My Favorite Animal

Essays Topics About Yourself

My Best Friend
My Favourite Teacher
My Aim In Life
My Favourite Game – Badminton
My Favourite Game – Essay
My Favourite Book
My Ambition
How I Spent My Summer Vacation
India of My Dreams
My School Life
I Love My Family
My Favourite Subject
My Favourite Game Badminton
My Father My Hero
My School Library
My Favourite Author
My plans for summer vacation

Essay Topics Based on Environment and Nature

Global Warming
Environment
Air Pollution
Environmental Pollution
Water Pollution
Rainy Season
Climate Change
Importance Of Trees
Winter Season
Deforestation
Natural Disasters
Save Environment
Summer Season
Trees Our Best Friend Essay In English

Essay Topics Based on Proverbs

Health Is Wealth
A Stitch in Time Saves Nine
An Apple a Day Keeps Doctor Away
Where there is a will, there is way
Time and Tide wait for none

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Essay Topics for Students from 6th, 7th, 8th Grade

Noise Pollution
Environment Pollution
Women Empowerment
Time and Tide Wait for none
Science and Technology
Importance of Sports
Sports and Games
Time Management
Cleanliness is next to Godliness
Cleanliness
Rome was not Built in a Day
Unemployment
Clean India
Cow Essay In English
Describe Yourself
Festivals Of India
Ganesh Chaturthi
Healthy Food
Importance Of Water
Plastic Pollution
Value of Time
Honesty is the Best Policy
Gandhi Jayanti
Human Rights
Knowledge Is Power
Same Sex Marriage
Childhood Memories
Cyber Crime
Kalpana Chawla
Punctuality
Rani Lakshmi Bai
Spring Season
Unity In Diversity
Artificial Intelligence
Online Shopping
Indian Culture
Healthy Lifestyle
Indian Education System
Disaster Management
Environmental Issues
Freedom Fighters
Grandparents
Save Fuel For Better Environment
Importance Of Newspaper
Lal Bahadur Shastri
Raksha Bandhan
World Environment Day
Narendra Modi
What Is Religion
Charity Begins at Home
A Journey by Train
Ideal student
Save Water Save Earth
Indian Farmer
Safety of Women in India
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
Capital Punishment
College Life
Natural Resources
Peer Pressure
Nature Vs Nurture
Romeo And Juliet
Generation Gap
Makar Sankranti
Constitution of India
Girl Education
Importance of Family
Importance of Independence Day
Brain Drain
A Friend In Need Is A Friend Indeed
Action Speaks Louder Than Words
All That Glitters Is Not Gold
Bhagat Singh
Demonetization
Agriculture
Importance of Discipline
Population Explosion
Poverty in India
Uses Of Mobile Phones
Water Scarcity
Train Journey
Land Pollution
Environment Protection
Indian Army
Uses of Internet
All that Glitters is not Gold
Balanced Diet
Blood Donation
Digital India
Dussehra Essay
Energy Conservation
National Integration
Railway Station
Sachin Tendulkar
Health And Hygiene
Importance Of Forest
Indira Gandhi
Laughter Is The Best Medicine
Career Goals
Mental Health
Save Water Save Life
International Yoga Day
Winter Vacation
Soil Pollution
Every Cloud Has A Silver Lining
Indian Culture And Tradition
Unity Is Strength
Unity is Diversity
Wildlife Conservation
Cruelty To Animals
Nelson Mandela
Of Mice And Men
Organ Donation
Life in a Big City
Democracy in India
Waste Management
Biodiversity
Afforestation
Female Foeticide
Harmful Effects Of Junk Food
Rain Water Harvesting
Save Electricity
Social Media
Social Networking Sites
Sound Pollution
Procrastination
Life in an Indian Village
Life in Big City
Population Growth
World Population Day
Greenhouse Effect
Statue of Unity
Traffic Jam
Beti Bachao Beti Padhao
Importance of Good Manners
Good Manners
Cyber Security
Green Revolution
Health And Fitness
Incredible India
Make In India
Surgical Strike
Triple Talaq
A Good Friend
Importance of Friends in our Life
Should Plastic be Banned
Nationalism
Traffic Rules
Effects of Global Warming
Fundamental Rights
Solar System
National Constitution Day
Good Mother
Importance of Trees in our Life
City Life Vs Village Life
Importance of Communication
Conservation of Nature
Man vs. Machine
Indian Economy
Mothers Love
Importance of National Integration
Black Money
Greenhouse effect
Untouchability
Self Discipline
Global Terrorism
Conservation of Biodiversity
Newspaper and Its Uses
World Health Day
Conservation of Natural Resources
A Picnic with Family
Indian Heritage
Status of Women in India
Child is Father of the Man
Reading is Good Habit
Plastic Bag
Terrorism in India
Library and Its Uses
Life on Mars
Urbanization
Pollution Due to Diwali
National Flag of India
Vocational Education
Importance of Tree Plantation
Summer Camp
Vehicle Pollution
Women Education in India
Seasons in India
Freedom of the Press
Caste System
Environment and Human Health
Mountain Climbing
Depletion of Natural Resources
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
Health Education
Effects of Deforestation
Life after School
Starvation in India
Jan Dhan Yojana
Impact of Privatization
Election Commission of India
Election and Democracy
Prevention of Global Warming
Impact of Cinema in Life
Subhas Chandra Bose
Dowry System
Ganesh Chaturthi Festival
Role of Science in Making India
Impact of Global Warming on Oceans
Pollution due to Festivals
Ambedkar Jayanti
Ek Bharat Shreshtha Bharat
Family Planning in India
Democracy vs Dictatorship
National Festivals of India
Sri Aurobindo
Casteism in India
Organ trafficking
Consequences of Global Warming
Role of Human Activities in Global Warming
Issues and Problems faced by Women in India
Role of Judiciary in the Country Today
Sugamya Bharat Abhiyan
PUBG Mobile Game Addiction
Role of Youths in Nation Building
Value of Oxygen and Water in Life/Earth
Farmer Suicides in India
Start-up India
Pollution Due to Firecrackers
Life of Soldiers
Child Labour
Save Girl Child
Morning Walk
My School Fete
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Essay Topics for Class 12 | Essay Topics for Grade 12 Intermediate

Essay Topics for Class 12: Here we have prepared a list of important essay topics for class 12 students. These essays are very helpful for preparing essay writing exam. You can read these essays by clicking on the topics. Lets see these important essay topics for class 12 students.

Essay topics for Class 12

Essay on Computer
Essay on Mobile Phones
Essay on ICC World Cup 2023 (Click on the Topic to Read Essays)
Essay on Meri Mati Mera Desh
Essay on Beat Plastic Pollution
Essay on Spring Season
Essay on Rainy Season
Essay on Har Ghar Tiranga
Essay on My Vision for India @ 2047
Essay on Online Shopping
Essay on Summer Vacation
Essay on My School
Essay on My Family
Essay on My Mother
Essay on My Father
My Favourite Teacher
Time Waste is Life Waste
Essay on Bad Journalism
Importance of Time Management
Essay on Politics
My Aim in Life
Importance of Reading Books
My Visit to Taj Mahal
Importance of Trees
Advantages and Disadvantages of Internet
My Best Friend

You can read these important essays by clicking on the topic. When you click on the essay topics you will be redirected to the essay page where you can read these important essays for class 12 students.

Essay Topics for Grade 12

Essay on Mahatma Gandhi (Click on the Topic to Read Essays)
Missile Man of India
Essay on Republic Day
Essay on Independence Day
Essay on Constitution Day
Essay on Mother's Day
Essay on Father's Day
Essay on Teachers Day
Essay on Holi
Essay on Krishna Janmashtami
Essay on Raksha Bandhan
Essay on Diwali
Essay on Christmas Festival
Essay on Pollution
Essay on Environmental Pollution
Essay on Noise Pollution
Essay on Water Pollution

The above essay topics for class 12 students are based on important personality, important national and international days and popular festivals celebrated in India and across the world. Hope you like these essay topics for grade 12 students and it help you in your exam.

Essay Topics for Class 12 Students

Essay on International Day of Yoga (Click on the Topic to Read Essays)
Essay on Water Day
Essay on World Environment Day
Essay on Earth Day
Essay on Population Day
Essay on Sports Day
Essay on Christmas Day
Essay on Human Rights Day
Essay on Hindi Diwas
Essay on Benefits of Yoga

The above essay topics for Class 12 Students are based on important national and international days . These important days are celebrated world wide on different dates during the calendar year to highlight the importance of the date. Therefore, these essay topics are very important essay topics for class 12 students . Hope you liked this article on essay topics for class 12 students and it helped you in your exam preparation.

Tags: Essay topics for class 12, essay topics for grade 12, essay topics for class 12 students, Class 12 essay topics

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The Big List of Essay Topics for High School (120+ Ideas!)

Ideas to inspire every young writer!

What one class should all high schools students be required to take and pass in order to graduate?

High school students generally do a lot of writing, learning to use language clearly, concisely, and persuasively. When it’s time to choose an essay topic, though, it’s easy to come up blank. If that’s the case, check out this huge round-up of essay topics for high school. You’ll find choices for every subject and writing style.

Argumentative Essay Topics
Cause-and-Effect Essay Topics
Compare-Contrast Essay Topics
Descriptive Essay Topics
Expository and Informative Essay Topics
Humorous Essay Topics

Literary Essay Topics

Narrative and Personal Essay Topics
Personal Essay Topics
Persuasive Essay Topics

Research Essay Topics

Argumentative essay topics for high school.

When writing an argumentative essay, remember to do the research and lay out the facts clearly. Your goal is not necessarily to persuade someone to agree with you, but to encourage your reader to accept your point of view as valid. Here are some possible argumentative topics to try. ( Here are 100 more compelling argumentative essay topics. )

The most important challenge our country is currently facing is … (e.g., immigration, gun control, economy)
The government should provide free internet access for every citizen.
All drugs should be legalized, regulated, and taxed.
Vaping is less harmful than smoking tobacco.
The best country in the world is …
Parents should be punished for their minor children’s crimes.
Should all students have the ability to attend college for free?
Should physical education be part of the standard high school curriculum?

Should physical education be part of the standard high school curriculum?

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Schools should require recommended vaccines for all students, with very limited exceptions.
Is it acceptable to use animals for experiments and research?
Does social media do more harm than good?
Capital punishment does/does not deter crime.
What one class should all high schools students be required to take and pass in order to graduate?
Do we really learn anything from history, or does it just repeat itself over and over?
Are men and women treated equally?

Cause-and-Effect Essay Topics for High School

A cause-and-effect essay is a type of argumentative essay. Your goal is to show how one specific thing directly influences another specific thing. You’ll likely need to do some research to make your point. Here are some ideas for cause-and-effect essays. ( Get a big list of 100 cause-and-effect essay topics here. )

Humans are causing accelerated climate change.
Fast-food restaurants have made human health worse over the decades.
What caused World War II? (Choose any conflict for this one.)
Describe the effects social media has on young adults.

Describe the effects social media has on young adults.

How does playing sports affect people?
What are the effects of loving to read?
Being an only/oldest/youngest/middle child makes you …
What effect does violence in movies or video games have on kids?
Traveling to new places opens people’s minds to new ideas.
Racism is caused by …

Compare-Contrast Essay Topics for High School

As the name indicates, in compare-and-contrast essays, writers show the similarities and differences between two things. They combine descriptive writing with analysis, making connections and showing dissimilarities. The following ideas work well for compare-contrast essays. ( Find 80+ compare-contrast essay topics for all ages here. )

Public and private schools
Capitalism vs. communism
Monarchy or democracy
Dogs vs. cats as pets

Paper books or e-books
Two political candidates in a current race
Going to college vs. starting work full-time
Working your way through college as you go or taking out student loans
iPhone or Android
Instagram vs. Twitter (or choose any other two social media platforms)

Descriptive Essay Topics for High School

Bring on the adjectives! Descriptive writing is all about creating a rich picture for the reader. Take readers on a journey to far-off places, help them understand an experience, or introduce them to a new person. Remember: Show, don’t tell. These topics make excellent descriptive essays.

Who is the funniest person you know?
What is your happiest memory?
Tell about the most inspirational person in your life.
Write about your favorite place.
When you were little, what was your favorite thing to do?
Choose a piece of art or music and explain how it makes you feel.
What is your earliest memory?

What’s the best/worst vacation you’ve ever taken?
Describe your favorite pet.
What is the most important item in the world to you?
Give a tour of your bedroom (or another favorite room in your home).
Describe yourself to someone who has never met you.
Lay out your perfect day from start to finish.
Explain what it’s like to move to a new town or start a new school.
Tell what it would be like to live on the moon.

Expository and Informative Essay Topics for High School

Expository essays set out clear explanations of a particular topic. You might be defining a word or phrase or explaining how something works. Expository or informative essays are based on facts, and while you might explore different points of view, you won’t necessarily say which one is “better” or “right.” Remember: Expository essays educate the reader. Here are some expository and informative essay topics to explore. ( See 70+ expository and informative essay topics here. )

What makes a good leader?
Explain why a given school subject (math, history, science, etc.) is important for students to learn.
What is the “glass ceiling” and how does it affect society?
Describe how the internet changed the world.
What does it mean to be a good teacher?

Explain how we could colonize the moon or another planet.
Discuss why mental health is just as important as physical health.
Describe a healthy lifestyle for a teenager.
Choose an American president and explain how their time in office affected the country.
What does “financial responsibility” mean?

Humorous Essay Topics for High School

Humorous essays can take on any form, like narrative, persuasive, or expository. You might employ sarcasm or satire, or simply tell a story about a funny person or event. Even though these essay topics are lighthearted, they still take some skill to tackle well. Give these ideas a try.

What would happen if cats (or any other animal) ruled the world?
What do newborn babies wish their parents knew?
Explain the best ways to be annoying on social media.
Invent a wacky new sport, explain the rules, and describe a game or match.

Explain why it's important to eat dessert first.

Imagine a discussion between two historic figures from very different times, like Cleopatra and Queen Elizabeth I.
Retell a familiar story in tweets or other social media posts.
Describe present-day Earth from an alien’s point of view.
Choose a fictional character and explain why they should be the next president.
Describe a day when kids are in charge of everything, at school and at home.

Literary essays analyze a piece of writing, like a book or a play. In high school, students usually write literary essays about the works they study in class. These literary essay topic ideas focus on books students often read in high school, but many of them can be tweaked to fit other works as well.

Discuss the portrayal of women in Shakespeare’s Othello .
Explore the symbolism used in The Scarlet Letter .
Explain the importance of dreams in Of Mice and Men .
Compare and contrast the romantic relationships in Pride and Prejudice .

Analyze the role of the witches in Macbeth.

Dissect the allegory of Animal Farm and its relation to contemporary events.
Interpret the author’s take on society and class structure in The Great Gatsby .
Explore the relationship between Hamlet and Ophelia.
Discuss whether Shakespeare’s portrayal of young love in Romeo and Juliet is accurate.
Explain the imagery used in Beowulf .

Narrative and Personal Essay Topics for High School

Think of a narrative essay like telling a story. Use some of the same techniques that you would for a descriptive essay, but be sure you have a beginning, middle, and end. A narrative essay doesn’t necessarily need to be personal, but they often are. Take inspiration from these narrative and personal essay topics.

Describe a performance or sporting event you took part in.
Explain the process of cooking and eating your favorite meal.
Write about meeting your best friend for the first time and how your relationship developed.
Tell about learning to ride a bike or drive a car.
Describe a time in your life when you’ve been scared.

Write about a time when you or someone you know displayed courage.

Share the most embarrassing thing that ever happened to you.
Tell about a time when you overcame a big challenge.
Tell the story of how you learned an important life lesson.
Describe a time when you or someone you know experienced prejudice or oppression.
Explain a family tradition, how it developed, and its importance today.
What is your favorite holiday? How does your family celebrate it?
Retell a familiar story from the point of view of a different character.
Describe a time when you had to make a difficult decision.
Tell about your proudest moment.

Persuasive Essay Topics for High School

Persuasive essays are similar to argumentative , but they rely less on facts and more on emotion to sway the reader. It’s important to know your audience, so you can anticipate any counterarguments they might make and try to overcome them. Try these topics to persuade someone to come around to your point of view. ( Discover 60 more intriguing persuasive essay topics here. )

Do you think homework should be required, optional, or not given at all?
Everyone should be vegetarian or vegan.
What animal makes the best pet?
Visit an animal shelter, choose an animal that needs a home, and write an essay persuading someone to adopt that animal.
Who is the world’s best athlete, present or past?
Should little kids be allowed to play competitive sports?
Are professional athletes/musicians/actors overpaid?
The best music genre is …

What is one book that everyone should be required to read?

Is democracy the best form of government?
Is capitalism the best form of economy?
Students should/should not be able to use their phones during the school day.
Should schools have dress codes?
If I could change one school rule, it would be …
Is year-round school a good idea?

A research essay is a classic high school assignment. These papers require deep research into primary source documents, with lots of supporting facts and evidence that’s properly cited. Research essays can be in any of the styles shown above. Here are some possible topics, across a variety of subjects.

Which country’s style of government is best for the people who live there?
Choose a country and analyze its development from founding to present day.
Describe the causes and effects of a specific war.
Formulate an ideal economic plan for our country.
What scientific discovery has had the biggest impact on life today?

Tell the story of the development of artificial intelligence so far, and describe its impacts along the way.

Analyze the way mental health is viewed and treated in this country.
Explore the ways systemic racism impacts people in all walks of life.
Defend the importance of teaching music and the arts in public schools.
Choose one animal from the endangered species list, and propose a realistic plan to protect it.

What are some of your favorite essay topics for high school? Come share your prompts on the WeAreTeachers HELPLINE group on Facebook .

Plus, check out the ultimate guide to student writing contests .

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Parents should be punished for their minor children’s crimes.

100 Thought-Provoking Argumentative Writing Prompts for Kids and Teens

Practice making well-reasoned arguments using research and facts. Continue Reading

CLASS 12 NOTES

Get VVI Class 12 notes of all subject.

VVI Class 12 Essay in English | Essay Writing Topics, Format, Tips

Table of Contents

Class 12 Essay in English | Essay Writing Topics, Format, Tips

Class 12 essay in english.

1. Western Impact on Indian Society

More than sixty years have passed since the British left India. But it is a

matter of great regret that the West or Englishness still dominates our way of life and culture. The younger generation is blindly aping the Western culture.

They follow their fashions in everything such as dress, music, dance and even food. They think that by doing so they can be considered to be modern.

But I think it just reverses. They have become so much crazy behind the Western styles that they have forgotten all about their own culture and traditions. They are forgetting Indian festivals and know all about ‘Valentine’s Day’.

They would hardly visited a temple but never miss a bar, coffee house or a club. They prefer Western food such as fast food and junk food to fresh food cooked at home. They feel hesitation in greeting someone with ‘Namaste’ and Pranam.

These words have been replaced by ‘Hallo’, ‘Bye’, ‘Tata’ etc. They look like clowns in Western dresses.

Girls and women ape Western dresses with a view to looking smart. But they forget that it encourages corruption and sex as well as sexual crime.

The younger generation must know that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west. It means the light of all knowledge has begun in the East. Once India has been Vishwaguru, the teacher of the world.

2. A College Function

The annual day of my college was celebrated with great pomp and a show on the 5th of April this year.

The Education Minister presided over the function. It was held in the auditorium. The minister came at 10.30 am sharp.

He was welcomed at the college gate by the Principal. When he entered the hall all stood up as a mark of respect.

The minister took his seat and the function began. The Principal spoke a few words to welcome the President and other guests.

Then he read out the annual report of the college” He gave an account of the progress made by the college during the preceding year.

After that the Principal requested the President to give away the prizes, The president stood up and gave away the prizes.

He shook hands with the prize winners. All the prize winners were loudly cheered.

Over 60 students received their prizes with beaming faces and twinkling eyes. Their parents felt proud to see them receiving prizes.

After giving away the prizes, the President made a short but impressive speech. He congratulated the prize winners. He advised the students to work hard.

He laid special stress on the value of discipline and good character. He spoke very highly of the college.

He congratulated the Principal and the staff on their excellent work.

In the end, the Principal thanked the President and the function was over. Tea was served to the guests and the prize winners. I enjoyed the function much.

3. College Magazine

College magazine shows the standard of the college which issues it. Good College publishes its magazine yearly. There is committee for publishing the magazine. The committee invites articles, poems, jokes etc.

from students as well as staff. The students and teachers submit their work to the secretary of the committee. The secretary sorts out the composition and does the necessary corrections. After sorting they sent to the press. The press prints them.

The students have to bear a trifling charge for the college magazine Publication of magazines teaches the students how to publish a book.

They learn how to edit something. They feel pride in themselves when they read their works in the magazine.

Publication or editing of some works gives practical knowledge to students. Those who learn it feel no difficulty in publication work if they choose the same.

4. Everybody should be religious

A person who has faith in religion then he called a religious person. A religious person is very good for the society as well as the nation.

A religious person has spiritual life free from anxiety, hatred & animity. A religious person is free from bad elements of society.

Therefore, everybody should be religious. The person who has faith in religion serves the people of the society as well as the nation. Every religious person is respected by the people of the society.

When everybody turns into a religious person, his mind can be free from bad thinking. The religious person leads a good life in society.

They perform all religious activities during leading their life. The religious person is respected by all & all people respect the religious person. Thus, we can say that the religious person are good citizens of the country.

The advantages of all religions are benefitted by religious people. Hence, everybody should be religious for a peaceful life.

5. A Great Indian Leader

Our country produced many leaders. Mahatma Gandhi is one of them. He was a great Indian leader.

He was born on 2nd Oct. 1869 without a silver spoon in his mouth. But his hard labour and curiosity made him a bold personality of the world. At school,

he was weak in English and Geometry. He was a man of simple living and high thinking from the very beginning. He went to England for a degree in law and returned to India. After getting a

degree in law from England, he practised in Bombay. But very soon, changed his mind and came close to the freedom movement. His real political career started in Champaran in Bihar.

Under his leadership, the freedom movement got a new life and direction.

Truth and non-violence were the weapon to fight against the English ruler which proved fruitful in getting freedom.

He went to jail several times along with his pious wife Kasturba. He tolerated the troubles and hot words given by the English ruler.

He was not only the leader of India but a man of inspiration for the world. Thousands of the people in the world are the followers of Mahatma Gandhi. So, after his crucial death, Gandhism is still alive.

6. The India of My Dream

In the India of My Dream every man will have a high moral sense, a deep love for the nation. Our country is backward in the field of science and industry.

I want India to be a leading country in new technology. Our industries should grow fast. We should produce everything we need. The India of my dream will go nuclear for peaceful purposes.

Education will get its due importance. Every country men will get a job of his choice. Students will be devoted to their studies. Politicians will not be allowed to misuse students.

India must be a very strong country in the world. We have to protect our hard-earned freedom. The defences of the country will be very strong. India is a peace-loving country.

But it will have to be ready for war if it trusts us. The India of my dream will follow the policy of truth and non-violence. We have peace only when we are very strong.

Our country will like to have friendly relations with its neighbours. The India of my dream will be a mighty country on all fronts.

Today, we find a big gap between the rich and the poor. There is corruption on all walks of life. The India of my dream will have social justice.

The gap between the poor and the rich will be narrowed down. Everybody will get equal opportunity to be at their best self. There will be discipline, peace and progress all around.

Nationalism will overcome the feelings of casteism and regionalism. There will be an atmosphere of equality brotherhood and freedom all over the country.

The India of my dream will bring heaven to earth. There will be Ram Rajya in the true sense of the term. May God fulfil my dream.

7. My Favorite Political Leader

Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru was the first Prime Minister of India and a great national political leader.

He was born to rich parents. He sacrificed all his comforts in the service of the nation. He was a highly qualified man.

He returned to India after obtaining the degree of law from the Cambridge University. But he did not continue his practice in the Allahabad High Court.

Giving up the life of ease and comfort he chose the life of hardship in the service of the country. He was interested in Indians’ struggle for freedom.

He joined the non-cooperation movement of Gandhiji and was sent to jail several times.

After India got freedom he became the first Prime Minister of India and held this post till he was alive. His great sacrifices for the country will always remain alive. Indeed, he was a great Freedom Fighter.

8. My favourite book

Everybody has a favourite book. I like the story of the fight between Duryodhan and Arjuna narrated in the Mahabharata.

This dialogue has been given in the Bhagwat Gita. The Bhagwat Gita is a holy book of the Hindus. It is said that Lord Krishna himself gave out the whole story.

A great battle was fought at Kurukshetra. It is said that Lord Krishna gave his support to the Pandavas. He was Arjuna ‘s chariot-driver.

First, Arjuna refused to fight against his own men. At this Lord Krishna made a long speech. Lord Krishna advised Arjuna to take heart.

He encouraged him to fight. Lord Krishna told him not to think of the result but he should go on doing his duty.

He also showed the real nature of the world to Arjuna. Thus Arjuna was convinced of the need to fight. He realised the nothingness of human life.

The Bhagwat Gita is a great book. Every Hindu worships and reads it. This book presents the basic principle of Indian philosophy.

It tells us that all questions regarding castes, races and religions are meaningless. It also say that all people are the children of God. A man must do his duty.

The Bhagwat Gita is a book of everlasting value; Every Indian finds hope and light in the pages. This book has been translated into all the great languages of the world I love this book.

I like to read it again and again. I worship it, too. It is the poetry of human life.

9. Role of Advertisement in our Life

Advertisement has become an important part of our daily lives. It is a form of persuasive communication.

It can be in form of commercials of television, radio advertisement or online advertisement. Companies use some of these methods to market their products and catch the audience’s attention y hidden messages.

Levi’s for example is a mark of clothing that became famous thanks to advertisements and has been advertised in different ways.

However, most commercials are not just simple marketing tools. They carry h Ads can provide rain and lead to socialism among people. Also, the freedom of commercials has crossed the lines and illustrates a wrong image of culture and region.

Furthermore, advertisers play with people’s minds especially females and take advantage of their naivety by lying to them.

Levi’s or Levi Strauss is a very large company known all over the world for its most significant product, clothes. It is especially famous for its various demine jeans. In order to establish it sells successfully, strategies to attract a wide audience are.

A big no. of principles concerning consumer behaviour have to be tickled and controlled. Apart from producing new serise of clothing for everybody, the company’s effective marketing techniques is the use of music.

The commercials run with a popular song in the background. All the songs are used for precise purposes. There are more things in advertisements to attract you to buy products from advertisements.

10. Need for Health Awareness

Health is wealth goes a proverb. Health is a real asset. We cannot do without a sound health, we cannot enjoy life.

To be healthy should be the topmost priority of every man. Sound health is all the more necessary because a sound mind resides in a sound body.

So there is a need of health awareness among the people. Some people go to the doctor for treatment when they suffer from some disease, but do not take care of their health before.

Had they taken care of their health before they would not to go to a doctor. Some people live properly and take every care to maintain sound health. They hardly visit a doctor or a hospital. They maintain good health.

There are so many diseases in the world. Most of them can be cured and prevented by creating health awareness among people.

Health awareness must be included in the educational curriculum. There are many tips about how to be healthy. By following those tips many diseases such as malaria, nervous disorder etc.

can be checked. Such tips are not only to read or should remain in books, but they must be practised. People should take regular exercise and control over lust or tongue.

We should not depend wholly on the government for the task of health awareness. It is the task of everybody to take the initiative of his own in the neighbourhood.

Some steps taken by an individual cannot do unless all residents of the mohalla or neighbourhood are voluntarily involved in them.

It is the duty of the people that they should make their friends and neighbours conscious of their health. It is needed much in the present time because these days medical treatment is so expensive that a common man hardly affords it.

Keeping the aforesaid in view we should be conscious of our health and follow the preventive and precautionary measures suggested for the same. These measures should be propagated among people. Only then we can be healthy and make a good saving of our earning and enjoy the life happily.

11. Students and Politics

Students are the future leaders, administrators and managers. Politics and politicians control the administrative reigns of the country.

One cannot be an ideal citizen without having political consciousness and understanding.

There has been a great controversy over the issue of students, taking part in politics, schools and colleges are the centres of learning.

Whatever students learn there is put to practice in later life when they shoulder the responsibilities of life.

Hence students, completely in difference and ignorance of political consciousness will put problems in their adult life. Such one-sided development of young men and women is not a good sign for the health of the nation.

The glorious role of students in the struggle for independence can’t be forgotten. They fought against imperialism and colonialism while they were still in schools and colleges.

The sacrifices of Bhagat Singh, Udham Singh and Ram Prasad Bismil will always be remembered. The constitution has granted the right to vote to all those who have completed eighteen years of age.

It will help a lot of students to exercise their votes in electing the representatives of the people. But students should not forget their main objectives and mission. Studies and learning must occupy the most important part of their mission.

Indulging in strikes, violence and disruptive activities should be completely given up. They should develop political consciousness rather than making themselves tools of wily politicians.

12. Price rise in India

The prices of essential commodities like gas, pulses, vegetables, etc. are going up day by day. An LPG cylinder now costs around Rs. 360.

Pulses are selling for around Rs. 50 per kg. Even such simple vegetables as potatoes and onions have gone beyond the range of the common man.

Things that were easily available in plenty and at very reasonable prices have suddenly disappeared from the market. The poor consumer is left at the mercy of traders and shopkeepers.

They charge anything they like from the helpless consumers. There is no one who can check this exploitation and profiteering. The government seems to be unconcerned about the problems being faced by the common man.

It is only such situations that lead to public unrest and ugly rioting situations. It is high time the government should take suitable measures to bring down the prices of essential commodities.

Strict action should be taken against hoarders and profiteers. There is no real dearth of anything in the market. It has only been created.

The government should not look the other way. It should be assured that people with get all essential commodities at reasonable prices. The public distribution system should be geared up.

Essay Writing Format Class 12 Format, Examples, Topics, Exercises

Essay writing format class 12 examples, topics, exercises.

Still, you’ll most probably need to write several essays as part of your class, If you’re in class 12. Knowing how to write a good essay is essential for getting good grades and developing essential jotting chops that can be useful for your future academic and professional life. In this composition, we will bandy the essay writing format for class 12 scholars, give exemplifications of essays, suggest some motifs, and give some exercises to help you ameliorate your essay jotting chops.

Essay Writing Format Class 12:

Before you begin writing an essay, it’s critical that you understand the introductory format. The standard essay format is divided into three sections preface, body, and conclusion.

preface: The preface is the first paragraph of your essay, and it should capture the anthology’s attention while also furnishing a terse overview of your content. The preface should include the thesis statement, which is the main argument of your essay.

Body: The body of your essay contains the substantiation that supports your thesis statement. Each paragraph in the body should start with a content judgment that provides a clear idea of what the paragraph is about. You should use exemplifications, statistics, and other substantiation to support your argument.

Conclusion: The conclusion is the last paragraph of your essay and should epitomize the main points from the body. It should also translate your thesis statement and give a final study of your content.

Also Read: Essay Writing Topics For Class 6

Essay Writing Format Class 12 Examples:

To help you understand the essay writing format, let’s look at some exemplifications of essays.

Example 1: My Favorite Hobby

Preface In this essay, I’ll bandy my favorite hobby horse and why I enjoy it.

Body My favorite hobby horse is reading. Reading helps me to relax, learn new effects, and ameliorate my vocabulary. I like to read a variety of books, including fabrication, non-fiction, and life.

Conclusion In conclusion, reading is my favorite hobbyhorse, and it has numerous benefits. It helps me to escape reality, learn new effects, and ameliorate my vocabulary.

Example 2: The Importance of Exercise

Preface In this essay, I’ll bandy the significance of exercise for maintaining good health.

Body Exercise is essential for maintaining good health. It helps to reduce the threat of habitual conditions, similar as diabetes and heart complaints. Exercise also helps to ameliorate mood, increase energy, and boost tone- confidence.

Conclusion, In conclusion, exercise is essential for maintaining good health. It has numerous benefits, including reducing the threat of habitual conditions and perfecting mood and tone confidence.

Essay Writing Format Class 12 Topics:

Now that you understand the essay jotting process and have seen some essay exemplifications, let’s look at some essay subjects.

1. The Advantages of Volunteering 2. The Social Media Influence on Society 3. The Significance of Education for Professional Success 4. The Benefits and downsides of Online Learning 5. The Environmental Benefits of Climate Change

Essay Writing Format Class 12 Exercises:

To improve your essay-writing skills, you can try the following exercises.

1. Exercise writing prolusions and conclusions for different motifs. 2. The Impact of Social Media on Society 3. Take a paragraph from a published essay and rewrite it in your own words. 4. The Pros and Cons of Online Learning 5. The Goods of Climate Change on the Environment

Conclusion On Essay Writing Format Class 12:

In summary, knowing how to write a good essay is essential for class 12 students. The essay writing format consists of three parts: introduction, body, and conclusion. You can use examples of essays to understand the format better and practice writing essays on different topics

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Short English Essay

English Essay

Are you intimidated about writing interesting essays? Well, there are some basic rules on how to write an essay so as to express one’s side of the argument, experiences, stories, etc. The word ‘essay’ has been derived from the Latin word ‘exagium’, meaning the ‘presentation of a case.’ Essay writing in English is basically making a case for the validity of a particular point of view, analysis, interpretation, or set of facts or procedures pertaining to the essay topics. Correct selection, critical evaluation, organization, and presentation of these facts are key to engrossing essay writing.

Certain essay writing topics in English may be tough but it is not rocket science. Proper chronology and expressive writing can help the writer draw the readers’ attention to a great extent.

Main Types of English Essays

Depending on what the writer wants to convey to his reader, essays can be classified into the following types:

Narrative Essays: Here the writer narrates a real-life incident on a story in the first person. The purpose is to make the reader feel present in the scenario described by the writer.

Descriptive Essays: The writer here describes a memory, a place, an object, or an event such as to evoke the senses of the reader. The idea is to give the reader the essence of the emotion felt by the writer.

Expository Essays: These essays are completely based on facts, statistics, examples, etc that the writer has acquired through extensive study and research. They are mainly thesis and have sub-types like contrast essays, cause and effect essays, etc.

Persuasive Essays: These essays not only present facts but also persuade the reader to agree with the writer’s point of view. These are more like written debates where the writer’s arguments hold the cornerstone.

In order to write a simple essay in English, one needs to follow the following format:

English Essay Format

Introduction

Synopsis of the Topic

Attention-grabbing

Four to Six Lines

Chronological Lists of Arguments

Systematic Flow

One Paragraph or more

Rephrasing the main Topic and Subtopics

Global Statement or Call to Action

Best Essay Topics

Importance of Family

A Visit to a Historical Monument

Life after a Pandemic Breakout

Importance of Mangroves

Advantages and Disadvantages of Mobile Phones

India- A Land of Diversity

Effects of Technological Development on the Environment

Importance of the Health Sector in the Progress of the Country

Practice more with versatile vocabulary to ace English essay writing.

Essays can be described as a writer which combines authors on argument in a number of various ways. An essay was first to be written by Michael Montaigne who was a French writer who prepared an informal write-up and named that it as an "attempt' . Essay is a French word that means "to try" or "attempt". Essays can be broadly classified into formal and informal.

Formal essays are generally written for series purposes, it is quite dignified, and logical organizations and lengths are kept in mind while writing these types of formal essays.

Informal essays include personal elements which include self-regulation, individual taste, and experiences. It can also involve write-ups that are confidential humerus and depicts a graceful style. Informal sums up a huge type of essay which includes rambling structures and unconventional or Novelty of the theme.

Essays are used in a wide range of applications which includes literary criticism, political manifestos, arguments, observations of daily life, recollections, memorandums, and reflections of the author.

There is three force that makes an essay exist:

The essays can be personal and autobiographical. This type of essay includes some personal details such as the experiences noted by the authors. This simply uses their own way and makes themselves the protagonist to keep their point of view.

The second one is the objective, factual and concrete types of essay. These essays are also personal but are indirect. The author doesn't use himself or herself in order to give a point of view. The author usually uses a particular situation as different peoples who are troubled or are helped by a particular fact objective.

The abstract-universal is the third type of essay. These essays are not at all personal. They are mostly research-oriented. This essay includes things which are not at all related to any type of memory, objective, fact.

Essays include a huge range of types and forms which includes the following bulleted forms:

Cause and Effect:

This format generally discusses a particular problem, the causes, and the effects, also suggestions and includes a proper well-researched write-up.

Classification and Division:

This type of essay sums up the classification and divisions of particular objects and detailed information about those classifications.

Compare and Contrast:

As the name suggests these forms compare two objects with each other and give detailed information about their contrasting characters and criteria.

Narrative types of Essays:

Most of the time these essays are about a story narration or a historical moment. It also includes some autobiographical histories or any type of narration.

Argumentative Types of Essays:

These are truly the author's own suggestions and arguments on the basis of some social or economic issues.

Exposition:

This includes the social evils or any type of negative instances that have been encountered for a long time.

Descriptive:

As the name depicts itself this type of essay is quite a good description of a particular topic.

These are types that include philosophy.

Exemplification

And other logical structures

Essay Topic List

In general, the variety of English essay topics are:

Schools, Examinations

Personalities we come across

Festivals, Functions, and Events

Daily Incidents, Scenes, and Journeys

Relationships

About Myself

Visits/Monuments/Cities

Sports, Health and Fitness

Environmental and Social Awareness

Science and Technologies

National Essays

Current Affairs

Essay on Proverbs

Educational and Moral value Essays

Some Simple Essay Topics Pertaining to School Level Current Essay Topics are:-

A Scene in the Examination Hall

Annual Day Function

My Ambition in Life

My Favorite City

A Journey to a Hill Station/ Beach

Where There is a Will There's a Way

My Role Model

Autobiographies

Biography of a Leader

Right to Education

Some Essay Topics For College Students are:

How does “fake news” change Political and Social Life?

Socio-economic impact of a Global Pandemic

Communism vs. Capitalism

Effects of Technological Development on Mankind

Importance of Health Sector

During exams, brainstorming a few minutes to frame the chronological idea of arguments can save you from a haphazard representation of the topic. As the proverb goes, “a stitch in time saves nine”, prior practice and through proofing can do wonders in your English essay.

Points To Remember While Writing Essays:

Do proper research about the topic you are going to write which should include advantages disadvantages and even includes the wrong statement about the particular topic

Your introduction part should be effective.

Essays are considered to be informative. So try not to repeat the lines again and again while writing the body parts. For instance, you should not repeat the sentences in the conclusion part which you have already mentioned in your body or in the introduction part.

Make well-oriented paragraphs with different views and statements.

Even if your write-up has some contrast or conflict involving itself, do not forget to mention them too.

A well oriented essay includes a good introduction a well-written body which further includes advantages and disadvantages points to note your own suggestions except and finally the conclusion part where you update the things about the topic. While writing about some conflicting topics try to note down the positive impact that has been created around.

Essays play an important role in a wide variety of ranges. It is used in academic fields, non-literary fields, magazines, newspapers, and filmmaking too. The documentations not only help in proper knowledge but also provide access to knowledge and wide expressional views of people. Sometimes it is of a particular person, but most of the time, it acts as a representative of a particular group of people. In today's generation, essays are most appropriately considered as more about research and truth. It helps a writer to reach a large number of people with one's view or sometimes a group of people's view.

FAQs on Short English Essay

1. What is an Essay?

An essay is a form of writing where the writer shares his or her experience, ideas, observations, and arguments about an incident, person, people, or issue.

2. How to write an engrossing Essay?

The basic steps to write an interesting essay are:

Brainstorm to generate multiple potential ideas

Write down every idea you think of

Include variations in vocabulary

Proofread your essay thoroughly

Practice more to make it perfect

3. What are some of the important current Essay Topics?

A current essay topics list looks something like this:

Environmental Awareness

Renewable Energy

Socio-economic effects of a Global Pandemic

Effect of Technology on Young Minds

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning

Urban vs. Rural Lifestyle

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CBSE Class 12 English Project Guide 2024: Topics, Guidelines

Manali Ganguly ,

Mar 4, 2024 | CBSE 12th

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CBSE class 12 English project is a compulsory activity that the students have to undertake. 20 marks are allotted to the project and internal assessment and 80 marks to the written test in the CBSE class 12 board examination.

CBSE Class 12 English Project Guide 2024: Topics, Guidelines

The CBSE class 12 English project is a compulsory part of the curriculum and carries 20 marks. The CBSE Class 12 English Project Guide 2024 will provide an overview with guidelines, objectives, marks, project topics, project ideas, and more.

These marks, along with the 80 marks allotted for the written test in the CBSE board examination, make a total of 100 marks. English projects can pour down their writing and present skills through the projects.

Table of Contents

CBSE Class 12 English Project Guidelines

Cbse class 12 english project objectives, cbse class 12 english project: marks, schedule, & suggestions, how to choose cbse class 12 english project topics, top cbse class 12 english project ideas, cbse class 12 english project sample pdf, how to prepare for cbse class 12 english project, parameters of assessment for cbse class 12 english project.

The English project is a vital part of the syllabus for CBSE class 12 . The students must abide by certain guidelines when they are working on the project. The guidelines for the project have been stated below:

The project must be creatively done. This is to say that the students must put their original thoughts into the project.
It is best to select a good book that is not a part of the syllabus while creating the project. The book should, however, have parity with the topic.
The project must showcase the point of view of the student.
The language of the project must be clear and understandable. Using jargon in this case will fetch marks.
The project topic could include a letter - formal/informal - which must be written following the correct pattern.
Marks for the project will be awarded on three bases - Literature Text, Creative Writing Skills, and Reading Skills. This is in keeping with the CBSE guidelines.

Read More : CBSE Class 12th English Syllabus 2023-24

The students must understand why they are made to work on the projects. The board has devised three skill sets, as discussed above, on the basis of which the students will be marked for their projects.

The objectives of the board can be seen below:

To test the creative skills of a student.
Test the skill of critical analysis in a student.
To test the language proficiency in the student.
Test the creative writing ability and grammatical skills in the student.

Read More : CBSE Class 12 Question Bank 2023: Download PDF

The English project and viva voce together carry 10 marks. 5 marks is allotted to the project and 5 marks to viva voce.

The students are supposed to work on a small project. The planning and organisation of the project must be done well ahead of the deadline, because the timeline is fixed by the board for the submission of project and viva voce.

The date of submission of the English project will be notified to the students in due course of time.

The board suggests the following for CBSE class 12 English project:

Students can pick up a topic for the project that is interdisciplinary in nature.
The topics for projects can be picked up from the ideas depicted in the chapters or drama or poems in the English syllabus.
The topics can also be outside the book and age-appropriate.
The project topics may also include such issues that provide the students the opportunity to listen and speak.

Read More : CBSE Class 12th Blueprint 2024

The students must prepare for the English project in an efficient manner since this will add to the final score in the CBSE 12 board examinations.

The English project together with internal assessment will carry 20 marks out of the total 100 marks. 80 marks will be allotted to the written examination conducted by the board.

The topics for CBSE class 12 English project are varied. The students must choose them very wisely. Some of the suggestions for the choice of topic as prescribed by the board has been discussed below.

The students must keep the following points in mind while preparing for the project:

The first step is to understand the syllabus clearly.
Secondly, the choice of topic must be good. The topic must be such that they are able to write elaborately on it.
The topic must be well researched and have parity with the syllabus.
While working on the project, the students must abide by the guidelines of the board.
The organisation of ideas must be very good. The subtopics must be connected to each other.

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Inter 2nd Year English Important Essays 2024

We have written down the list of inter 2nd year English important essays 2024 topics for 12th class. All those candidates who are going to attempt inter annual exams under any Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education (BISE) can download and prepare 12th class important English essay topics . As candidates there are is a large number of English essays in Inter but here we are providing you only those essays which are the most important for inter exams 2024 point of view. In the English question paper, the question of essay writing carries 15 marks which means the question having the highest makes. Generally, it is to see that most of the students fail to secure maximum marks in this essay question. The reason is that they cannot write an essay in a proper essay structure. A good essay should be in borderlines. Start with a brief introduction and highlight all the headings with the marker, use easy language, and make a proper sentence. The most important thing is the use of tense i.e. present, past, or future.

So if any candidate who follows these ways to write an essay can secure 12 plus marks in the essay question. You know candidates, even a single mark has great importance in the preparation of your marks percentage, and the question of an essay is considered as the best source for chasing good marks in English Paper. Now scroll down this page to get Inter 2nd year English important essays 2024.

Lahore Board 12th Class Roll No Slip 2024

Inter 2nd Year English Important Essays 2024:

The following list is containing all the important English essays for 12th class 2024. you can click on any essay topic name and it will be explored on a new page where you can read all the details of that essay with outlines and quotes.

My Aim In Life
My First Day At College or School
Unemployment
Science and Our Life
A Visit to Historical Place
Technical Education
My Hero / My favorite Personality / Quaid-e-Azam , Allama Iqbal
Causes and Effects of Pollution On Environment Essay
Women’s Education
Internet Advantages and Disadvantages
Mobile Phone Advantages and Disadvantages
Co-Education
Essay On My Aim
The Importance of English Language
Importance of CPEC
Political System of Pakistan
Women’s Place in Our Society
Our Education System
Advantages of Sports
A Road Accident
Over Population
Responsibilities of Youth

Also Get: Intermediate 2nd Year Urdu Important Essays 2024

So these are the inter 2nd year English important essays 2024 for 12th class annual and supplementary examinations. So if you want to secure maximum marks in the essay question then you should prepare this essay and we assure you that your marks will be perfect in the result. Besides these English essay topics for 12th class, we are also suggesting that you must keep under the view about the rules of writing an English essay at inter part 2 level. Besides these topics, if you want to share any more important English Essay topics for the 12th class then share it in the following commenting section.

Faisalabad Board 11th Class Date Sheet 2024

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17 comments.

Thanks a lot

How these are downloaded please help me.

thanks a lot

Thanka a lot

Thank u so much sir but please he tu bta drain k KIA in he main sy aye ga

Insaan khud b thori struggle kar lata ha

Confirm hai k is me hi sy aye ga

No.. these are just Most Important Essays

In sab main say ata hy koi 1 ya 2 ni hn

sir ye 2017 k impirtant essay ha plz bta de ya past k

2017 hamara past hi tha

thanxs Alot

Thankxxxx for guide us GOD bless you….full ameen

I appriate ur work . may God bless u.

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Study Mumbai

ICSE, CBSE study notes & home schooling, management notes, solved assignments

Class 12 (CBSE): English Projects

February 18, 2022 by studymumbai Leave a Comment

English Project ideas for Class 12 (CBSE) students.

The Project can be Inter-disciplinary in theme. The ideas/issues highlighted In the chapters/ poems/ drama given the prescribed books can also be developed in the form of a project. Students can also take up any relevant and age-appropriate theme. Such topics may be taken up that provide students with opportunities for listening and speaking.

GET INSTANT HELP FROM EXPERTS!

Hire us as project guide/assistant . Contact us for more information

Some suggestions are as follows: a. Interview-Based research: Example:

Students can choose a topic on which to do their research/ interview, e.g. a student can choose the topic : ” Evolving food tastes in my neighbourhood” or “Corona pandemic and the fallout on families.” Read the available literature. The student then conducts interviews with a few neighbours on the topic. For an Interview, with the help of the teacher, student will frame questions based on the preliminary research/background. The student will then write an essay/ write up / report etc. up to 1000 words on his/her research and submit it. The student will then take a viva on the research project.

Listen to podcasts/ interviews/radio or TV documentary on a topic and prepare a report countering or agreeing with the speakers. Write an 800 – 1000 words report and submit. Take a viva on the report.

Students create their own video/ Audio, after writing a script. Before they decide on a format, the following elements can be taken into consideration: Theme/topic of the audio / video. Would the child like to pick a current issue or something artistic like theatre? What are the elements that need to be part of the script? Will the video/audio have an Interview with one or more guests? Would they prefer to improvise while chatting with guests, or work from a script? What would be the duration? How would they present the script/report to the teacher, e.g. Can it be in the form of a narrative?

Write, direct and present a theatrical production, /One act play This will be a project which will be done as a team. It will involve planning, preparation and presentation. In short, various language skills will be utilised. There will be researching, discussion, writing the script, auditioning and ultimately producing the play. The project will end with a presentation and subsequently a viva. Teachers will be able to assess the core language skills of the students and help them grow as 21st century critical thinkers.

StudyMumbai.com is an educational resource for students, parents, and teachers, with special focus on Mumbai. Our staff includes educators with several years of experience. Our mission is to simplify learning and to provide free education. Read more about us .

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NCERT Solutions
NCERT Class 12
NCERT Solutions Class 12 English

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English

Ncert solutions for class 12 english chapter-wise – download free pdf (updated for 2023-24).

Chapter-wise, NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English help students study and excel in their examinations. NCERT Class 12 English consists of different books, such as the Elective Book: Kaleidoscope, which contains short stories, poetry, non-fiction and drama; Core Book: Flamingo, which contains prose and poetry; Supplementary Book: Vistas has exercise-wise questions, according to the NCERT Class 12 English syllabus.

Experienced teachers with extensive professional knowledge develop the solutions. The NCERT Solutions module contains simple explanations to help students easily understand the concepts. NCERT Class 12 English Solutions allow students to practise a wide range of questions, which will help them gain more knowledge and develop control over the subject. The NCERT solutions for all chapters in each textbook are covered here. Experts have simplified the solution so that students can easily understand the concepts.

Our experienced teachers at BYJU’S carefully formulate Class 12 English NCERT Solutions. They are explained in detail to provide students with the best conceptual knowledge. By referring to these solutions, 12th-grade students will have a good learning experience and pass the exam smoothly.

Students who aim to get a high score in the exam can explore the NCERT Solutions available on BYJU’S website and excel in their exams. NCERT Books are the best reference material that any student can trust. Students can practise regularly with NCERT Solutions to improve their time management skills. Understanding the topic is vital as it helps to answer all questions efficiently. Students can refer to and download the NCERT Class 12 English Solutions. The students can save the solutions provided here in PDF format for future reference.

NCERT Solutions of Class 12 English

Here, the students can access the links of chapter-wise NCERT Class 12 English Solutions of Elective Book: Kaleidoscope , Core Book: Flamingo and Supplementary Book: Vistas .

Elective Book: Kaleidoscope Textbook Solutions:

Kaleidoscope textbook of NCERT has short stories, poetry, non-fiction and drama as per the CBSE syllabus. Students have to pay good attention to these chapters to understand the central theme. NCERT Solutions at BYJU’S provides answers to all the textbook questions in simple language with the main aim of helping students ace the examinations.

Core Book: Flamingo Textbook Solutions:

The core book Flamingo contains prose and poetry chapters. Students can use the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English to understand the central theme present in each chapter. The solutions curated by the experts would enhance students’ grammatical and literary skills, which is vital from the exam perspective. The faculty at BYJU’S prepare these solutions by mainly focusing on providing the students with the best study material online.

Supplementary Book: Vistas Textbook Solutions:

The Vistas textbook of NCERT contains eight chapters. Students would find it difficult to understand the central theme behind each chapter during class hours. For this purpose, the subject-matter experts at BYJU’S design the solutions to help students ace the final exams without fear. The answers are made available in PDF format, which can be accessed for free by the students without any restrictions. The students can download the PDF of solutions to get an idea about different ways of writing answers.

Key Features of BYJU’S NCERT Class 12 English Solutions

A few important features of BYJU’S NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English are mentioned below:

A team of experienced teachers carefully formulated these solutions.
NCERT Books for Class 12 English cover all textbook questions.
Concepts are explained thoroughly so that all students can easily understand them.
Students can fill in their knowledge gaps by studying from these books.
All the questions in each chapter have been answered to help students understand the concepts easily.
Students can answer various questions in NCERT textbooks for a better understanding of themes.
The NCERT book covers all the topics introduced in each chapter. The solutions are provided in PDF format, which any student can refer to and download easily.

The following are some of the benefits of using NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English. From the exam point of view, these books contain most of the questions and answers that are also essential for understanding concepts in a whole new manner. Here, students find the best solutions to the questions. Students can register with BYJU’S to study various NCERT or CBSE subjects in the 12th grade. Based on your understanding and grasping power, you are sure to have a personalised learning experience.

Students can download BYJU’S, The Learning App, for additional 12th-grade subjects. Various interactive videos, interactive resources and activities provide learners with a pleasant experience.

CBSE Syllabus for Class 12 English Elective 2023-24

Section A: Reading Comprehension – 20 Marks

This section will have two unseen passages and a poem.

Section B:

Applied Grammar – 8 Marks
Creative Writing – 20 Marks

This section will have variety of assessment items including Multiple Choice Questions, Objective Type Questions, Short Answer Type Questions and Long Answer Type Questions to assess comprehension, analysis, interpretation and extrapolation beyond the text.

Textbook – 22 Marks
Fiction – 10 Marks

Seminar – 20 Marks

CBSE Syllabus for Class 12 English Core 2023-24

Section A: Reading Comprehension through Unseen Passage

One unseen passage to assess comprehension, interpretation, analysis and inference. Vocabulary assessment will also be assessed via inference. The passage may be factual, descriptive or literary.
One unseen case-based factual passage with verbal/visual inputs like statistical data, charts etc., to assess comprehension, interpretation, analysis, inference and evaluation.

Note: The combined word limit for both the passages will be 700-750 words.

Multiple Choice Questions / Objective Type Questions and Short Answer type Questions (to be answered in 40-50 words) will be asked.

Section B: Creative Writing Skills:

Notice, up to 50 words – 4 Marks
FFormal/Informal Invitation and Reply, up to 50 words – 4 Marks
Letters based on verbal/visual input, to be answered in approximately 120-150 words – 5 Marks
Article/ Report Writing, descriptive and analytical in nature, based on verbal inputs, to be answered in 120-150 words – 5 Marks.

Section C: Literature Text Book and Supplementary Reading Text

This section will have a variety of assessment items, including Multiple Choice Questions, Objective Type Questions, Short Answer Type Questions and Long Answer Type Questions to assess comprehension, interpretation, analysis, evaluation and extrapolation beyond the text.

Frequently Asked Questions on NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English

How should i prepare for the exams using the ncert solutions for class 12 english.

Students can refer to NCERT 12 English Solutions, and the correct study materials like the NCERT Solutions provided at BYJU’S should be chosen to score good marks in the exam. The syllabus for the academic year should be understood prior to the exam to know the marks weightage of each concept covered in the chapter. Students need to learn the chapters and revise them on a regular basis to get a grip on the concepts. Students should refer to the solutions while learning a new chapter to understand the method of answering questions, as per the latest CBSE guidelines.

Where can I get the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English online?

Students can download the CBSE Class 12 English NCERT Solutions online at BYJU’S website. NCERT Class Solutions is recognized as the most suitable online learning material for students under the CBSE board. Expert tutors have straightforwardly developed solutions to help students with their exam preparation. Students can also improve their grammatical skills through regular practice of solutions. The solution module can be downloaded for free in PDF format.

Do the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English follow the CBSE guidelines?

The 12th English NCERT Solutions , which is prepared by the team of faculty at BYJU’S, strictly adheres to the CBSE guidelines. By using the NCERT books, students will be able to grasp the chapter and clarify their doubts instantly. The interactive explanations provided for each answer enable problem-solving skills among students, which are crucial to scoring well in the Class 12 exam. Each and every solution is created with utmost care with the aim of helping students to perform well in the exam.

Why should I download the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English PDF from BYJU’S?

Students can download the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English PDF from BYJU’S website. The solutions created are 100% accurate based on the CBSE syllabus and guidelines. Students can find the PDF format of solutions, which are free for download on BYJU’S. Both chapter-wise and exercise formatting solutions are available to help students boost their exam preparation.

Register with BYJU'S & Download Free PDFs

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12th (Inter-II) English Essays in PDF according to ALP 2021

12th English Notes R.M Waqas Lati 12K 11th Mar, 2021

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Download Class 12th (Inter Part-2) all English Essays in PDF according to Accelerated Learning Program (ALP) 2021. This PDF contains following essays: 1) My Hobby 2) Pollution 3) Why I Love Pakistan 4) Cell Phone 5) Visit to a Historical Place 6) Computer 7) A Cricket Match 8) Technical Education 9) Corruption 10) My Favourite Personality 11) Life in a Big City

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12th (Inter-II) English Essays in PDF according to ALP 2021

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2nd Year Important English Essay Topics For 12th, 11th Class

Table of Contents

Now, 2nd Year Important English Essay Topics For 12th, 11th Class are also here so that students who are in these classes may not have to face any problem when they are preparing for the final examination as these are the most common topic that comes in the annual examination of the Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education. Well, Intermediate (11th, 12th Class) is a very important class in the life of students so that is the reason that almost every student just focuses on their studies during these classes they want to get as good marks as they are capable of. During the preparation, one of the biggest problems that students face while preparing for English Courses is the Essay Topics as it is not known so everyone has to prepare according to their own preferences or the most important topics that they got from teachers, Academies, Past papers, guess Papers or from any senior. But as these are the most common topics just prepare these topics and then go for your final examination. While writing any of the 2nd Year English Essay Topics keep some little things in your mind first of all the first line of the essay is considered to be focused so do not go for any illogical arguments. Secondly, try to give logical facts through statements that include points. Third, the essay should not contain any grammar, spelling, or punctuation mistakes. So scroll down regarding 2nd Year Important English Essay Topics For 12th, 11th Class.

2nd Year English Essay Topics for 12th Class

Every student who is getting an education now they are worried about the 2nd Year English Essay Topics for the 12th Class are mentioned below and students easily guidance from this page.

Science in the service of mankind
Over-population
The importance of the English language
My ambition in life.
Advantages of Sports.
Responsibilities of Youth
Muslim World
A visit to a historical place
How to make Pakistan strong
Technical Education
Unemployment.
Women’s place in our society
Women’s place in Islam.
Female education in Peshawar
Our Education System
Our Examination System
Knowledge is power
The problem of electricity in Pakistan
Student’s role in the creation of an environment
computer’s
Internet- advantages, and disadvantages
The pleasures of reading
The Recent Flood in Pakistan
Our political system
The evils of corruption.
Generation Gap
Importance of CPEC
Corona Virus

1st Year English Essay Topics for 11th Class

All 1st year English Essay Topics for the 11th Class have been mentioned and students can prepare the essays according to our topics.

Essays Merits and Demerits of Science
Essays Life in a Big City
Essays A Cricket Match
essays Uses and Abuses of Media
Essays The Responsibilities of an Ideal Student
Essays My Aim in Life
The Kashmir Problem
Role of women in society
Memorable Day in My Life
Co-education
College Life
Hostel Life
My favorite personality
My Best Friend
The happiest moment of my life
Cell phone- advantages and disadvantages

Essays are one of the most important things in the subject of English and every student is worried about them but now ilm.com.pk is providing all topics for 2nd Year Important English Essay Topics For 12th, 11th Classes.

Moin akhtar

I am committed to helping Pakistani students craft successful career paths by merging their individual passions with market trends. As a career counselor, we'll explore both well-established fields and modern industries to find the best fit for you. With personalized counseling and strategic planning, we aim to transform your educational journey into a thriving professional future.

Topics on curses of war and importance of Dams in pakistan are also important from my point of view.

Good informative

it website good for all students

god help us

what are the important essays for the 2nd year 2014 plzz tell me

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English Project Ideas And Topics For CBSE Class 12

Get some of the best English project ideas for Class 12 CBSE. Get free downloadable PDFs

English Project On “The Third Level” For Class 12 CBSE
English Project Work On Rattrap – Class 12 CBSE
English Project ASL on Empowerment of Women – Class 12 CBSE
English Project On Keeping Quiet – Class 12 CBSE
English Project Work On Rattrap – Class 12 CBSE
English Project ASL on Empowerment of Women – Class 12 CBSE
English Project On Keeping Quiet – Class 12 CBSE
English Project On Milkha Singh For Class 12th
English Project On Indigo For Class 12 CBSE
Project On Influence Of Media And Technology On Education And Learning For Class 12 CBSE
Tourism Project On Cape Town For CBSE Class 12th
English ASL Project On Fear For Class 11 And 12 CBSE
Project On Impact Of Online Studies On Senior Students Class12

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GSEB Class 12 English Essay Writing

Gujarat Board GSEB Class 12 English Textbook Solutions Writing Skills Essay Writing Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf.

Essay Writing GSEB Std 12 English Grammar

Introduction to Essay Writing: An essay is a written composition expressing one’s personal opinion or ideas on a topic. An essay comprises three parts :

The Introduction,
The Body and
The Conclusion.

1. The Introduction: This should be brief and interesting. It could be a quotation, a definition or an explanation of the title. Sometimes it could begin with a general remark or a short illustration.

2. The Body: This is the main part of the essay. It consists of facts, illustrations, reflections of the writer on the given subject. Each point should start with a fresh paragraph and the paragraphs should be linked, or closely related to each other so that the essay forms a well-organized and balanced piece of composition.

3. The Conclusion: The ending like the beginning, should be short and striking and should come naturally. Never end an essay abruptly. The ending could be a simple sentence, a short summary of the ideas contained in the body, a quotation or a rhetorical question.

Some useful hints on essay writing:

Do not begin writing at once. Think about the topic.
Jot down your ideas.
Select your ideas carefully.
Arrange your ideas in a logical sequence.
Divide your essay into paragraphs. A school essay should be of four to five paragraphs.
Divide the essay into Introduction, Body and Conclusion.
Use simple words and short sentences.
Clarity and brevity should be strictly adhered to.
Make it interesting, introduce humour wherever possible.
Revise what you have written. Correct all mistakes such as of spellings, capital letters, grammar, punctuations, etc.

Types of Essays:

Descriptive Essays
Narrative Essays
Reflective Essays
Argumentative Essays

1. Descriptive Essays consist of a description of some person, place or thing such as –

Animals, plants, fruits, minerals, metals, etc. (such as The Lion, The Coconut Tree, etc.)
Towns, ports, ships, buildings, monuments, etc. (Delhi, The Taj Mahal, National Museum, Zoo, etc.)
Aspects and Phenomena of Nature (Volcanoes, Monsoon, Mountain-scenery, etc.)
Manufactured Articles (Motor cars, Television, Aeroplanes, etc.)
Character Sketches (Postman, Bus-driver)
Description of your Favourite Book ‘

2. Narrative Essays consist of narrating some events such as –

Incidents (A Street Quarrel, A Festival, etc.)
An Accident or A Natural Disaster (A Flood, A House on Fire, A Storm, An Earthquake, etc.)
A Journey or A Voyage
A Trip or A Walk
A Visit to a Place of Interest
Biographies
Autobiographies

3. Reflective Essay is a reflection on

Institutions, industries, occupations, etc.(Press, Cottage industries, Gardening, Photography)
Scientific topics (Wireless Telegraphy, Radio, Cinema, etc.)
Literary topics (Appreciation of an Author subject like – or a Book)
Quotations or Sayings (‘Time is Money’, ‘Honesty is the Best Policy’, etc.)

4. Argumentative Essay is an essay consisting of an argument on some subject of topical importance. Note: At the end of the specimens, some essays for self-practice are given with guiding points. But in the examination, the guiding points are not given. Here we have given for your actual practice.

Specimens of Essays Write an essay on the following in about 250 words :

Question 1. Books-Our Best Friends OR Pleasures of Reading Points: utility of books – treasures of knowledge – written in every sphere – for all age groups – books to gain knowledge, pleasure, peace – today e-books – net a threat to books – reading – government and non¬government organisations should promote awareness – campaigns, libraries, etc. Answer: It goes without saying that books are our best friends. They are our never failing companions. They stand by us in our weal and woe. As Mahatma Gandhi said when I am in distress, I go to the lap of mother Gita to get solace. By mother Gita, he means Bhagavad Gita, the great mythological book in which Lord Krishna advised Arjuna to take up arms and fight the battle against the Kauravas.

All the great books of the world have been useful to us. They have done us great good in the form of changing our attitude towards life. They have cheered us. They have helped us. They have been instrumental in our progress.

Now books are available in great numbers. They are as many as the subjects are. Books can be had on every branch of knowledge, whether it is science or art or agriculture or psychology, the books are varied and plenty. Many books are meant for serious reading. They are ready for examination purpose. They are gone through for success in life. Some are read for recreation and entertainment.

Some are for casual or light reading. Science and technology have advanced a lot. More and more knowledge is being added every day. There are books through which your hunger for knowledge can best be satisfied. These printed words, bound in the form of books, can best guide you, advise you and lead you to your career destinations. It is for you to choose good books.

Their choice like the choice of good friends should be wise and judicious. Do not be in a great haste in the matter of choosing books. Meet the masterminds of the world in the cosiness of your drawing¬room. They are there to give you a word of advice, a word of hope and cheer and a word which can change the very course of your life. Read as many books as you can, chew some and digest a few.

With the introduction of e-books, the craze of reading has weakened. Government and non¬government organisations should put in their best efforts to promote reading. They can bring awareness by launching campaigns, introducing mobile libraries, etc.

Question 2. A Morning Walk Points: morning walk to start a happy, healthy day – peaceful and pleasant atmos¬phere – more oxygen for lungs – exercise – energising – other advantages – emerging good thoughts – strengthening body and mind Answer: ‘Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise’. It is said ‘The early bird catches the worm.’ Early in the morning, the atmosphere is calm and quiet. Serenity reigns everywhere. There is no din and noise. There is no dirt and dust. There are no traffic hold-ups. The roads are lonely. The hooting of the factory sirens is not heard. The clean atmosphere is quite fit for an early morning walk.

There are a few morning walkers who are lucky enough as to enjoy the pleasure of the dawn. People go to nearby parks or gardens where the birds chirp. The koel sings a happy note. It thrills every heart. Many do a lot of exercise in the parks. A few run and jog. Many others inhale fresh air.

They take long breaths to cleanse the impurity of their lungs. The beautiful flowers and plants captivate our hearts and minds. The dewdrops sparkle in the rays of the rising sun. Walking on them barefeet cools the fatigued nerves. They are soothing and extremely useful to eyes. A smiling blossom welcomes you. You get a new feeling of life.

A morning walk by the riverside is also beneficial. People have long walks on either bank of the river. Most of the old people stroll there for hours. They find the lost joy of their youth. People bathe and swim in the river. Swimming is a very good exercise. Some take sunbath. It is said early rays of the sun give lustre to the body. They strengthen the sinews. They strengthen the body.

An early riser finishes his morning work in time. He is at a great advantage. He remains active and alerts the whole day. He hardly falls ill. It is all due to the regular morning walks. Its uses are too many, but only a few lucky reap this golden harvest.

Question 3. Importance of Sports in Education Points : education for all-round develop¬ment – lessens stress on mind – strengthens body – makes fit – sound mind in sound body -inculcates power of endurance – sportsman¬ship, co-operation, brotherhood – a boost in learning Answer: True education should aim at developing the all-around personality of the child. It means that education should result in the mental, moral and physical development of the child. Unfortunately, the present system of education lays too much stress on the mental development, pays only a lip sympathy to moral development and completely neglects physical development.

All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. The wisdom of this proverb has been forgotten in schools and colleges. The outcome is millions of educated youths are turned out every year. They hold glorious degrees but their personalities remain totally dull and undeveloped.

In fact, for an all-around development of children, the curriculum of studies should include sports and games and health education. Sufficient time should be devoted to sports and physical training. This is absolutely necessary because mental and moral development is just not possible without physical development, for it is widely observed that A sound mind in a sound body.

A strong and healthy student, in the long run, will surpass the pale, sickly scholar who is but a mere bookworm. Sports are necessary for developing a healthy and strong body. If the body is weak and unhealthy it is not possible to live a happy and useful life. Only a person with a healthy and strong body will be able to face the struggles of life successfully. Besides promoting health and strength, sports strengthen the students’ power of endurance and develop in them a spirit of co-operation and brotherhood.

They promote discipline, sense of fair play and team spirit. Young men and women are trained to accept defeat with a smile and retain humility even in victory. Sports refresh and recreate students. Sports facilitate students learn better and faster. They fill the students with new vigour, vitality and enthusiasm, which help them concentrate more on their studies.

In short, sports are not only essential but also indispensable for an all-around development of the youngsters. It is rightly said that, “The battle of Waterloo was won on the playgrounds of Eton.”

Question 4. Students’ Indiscipline Points: a burning problem today – indisci¬pline in school and on a wider scale in society and country – features of indisciplined activities – reasons – how to tackle – threat to the integrity of nation-finding solutions Answer: Students’ indiscipline is one of the burning problems faced by modern India. The problem is faced at two levels. At the narrow level, there is the problem of classroom indiscipline in the form of making noises, thumping desks, throwing paper darts, imitating the sounds of birds and animals, eating peanuts and playing truant. Such misbehaviour is often faced by new and inexperienced teachers. But a good teacher can deal with such misbehaviour successfully with a little tact and understanding.

Such classroom misbehaviour reveals unrest among students at a very problem as the students’ indiscipline in schools and colleges at wider level. It is in the form of strikes and demonstrations which sometimes turn violent and lead to stone-throwing, damaging property and violent clashes. ‘There is mass copying at the examinations or boycotting of exams for silly reasons. Such indiscipline disrupts academic life and vitiates the atmosphere in the temples of learning.

What are the causes of such serious students’ unrest? Students may have genuine grievances like lack of basic amenities, exorbitant fees, donations and capitation fees, corruption and malpractices in the examinations, want of sufficient teachers, dull and dry teaching in the form of lectures or giving of notes, high-handed attitude of teachers or heads, etc. If these genuine grievances are not redressed, students’ unrest may erupt violently.

The most important cause of the students’ unrest is the feeling of utter frustration experienced by students on account of the great difficulty in getting jobs after studying so hard and so long. Underpaid and overworked teachers working in overcrowded classes cannot provide the necessary attention and instruction. Parents are too busy to guide or control their children. Political parties exploit the students’ unrest for acheiving their political ends.

How is the burning problem to be solved? First of all, political parties must not exploit students for their selfish activities. Parents must exercise their moral influence. All the genuine grievances of the students must be redressed. Good teaching, smaller classes, personal attention, abolition of the present, outdated system of examination, facilities for games and other constructive activities, job-oriented education and clean and efficient administration will go a long way towards solving the problem of indiscipline.

Question 5. Good Manners Points: manners maketh man – modest and decent conduct – bad manners hurt feelings – bad manners in speech, actions, behaviour, gestures – bad manners make arrogant and self-centred – kindness of heart for good conduct – value of self-respect – sign of a good man Answer: It is truly said that manners maketh a man. We judge a man from his manners. Good manners mean modest and decent conduct. Decent dress, charming behaviour, a sophisticated etiquette and politeness are the prerequisites of good manners.

A man of good manners stands out and sees that he does not hurt the feelings and sentiments of others with his words, actions, behaviour, gestures or sometimes even with silence. The words of courtesy like “Please, Thank you, Sorry, Excuse me, Beg your pardon. Would you mind …”, etc., spontaneously flow from the mouth of a man of good manners.

Good manners demand that while in company, we should take only a fair share of conversation. Whenever somebody is speaking, we should not interrupt or laugh or sneer or pass remarks. We ought to listen to the person attentively. While in a queue for a bus or a ticket we should wait patiently for our turn. While getting into or getting down from a bus or train, we should never push others or rush through.

Good manners express man’s personality as a gentleman. They reflect good breeding and culture. A man of good and pleasing manners is quite at peace with himself and with the rest of the world. Life is easy, smooth and friendly to him. Bad manners generally spring from arrogance, pride and self-centeredness. Sometimes rudeness and bluntness are justified on grounds of frankness, sincerity and outspokenness.

But there is no justification, whatsoever, for rudeness. It is not necessary to tell a man that we dislike him or to run him down by telling him that he is wrong. There is enough bitterness and enmity in this world. Why should we add to it by our thoughtless, arrogant words or behaviour? Good manners spring from kindness of heart.

Kindness begets sympathy for others. Our sympathy for others is born out of our genuine ! regard for them. We ought to realize that just ‘ as we value or self-respect, others, too, have ; the right to value their self-respect. Courtesy ! and kindness will enhance the self-respect of all. The essence of good manners lies in the; realization that we should always treat others ! as we expect them to treat us.

Question 6. Use of Leisure Points: spare time – mostly leads to; timewasting or destructive activities – these activities do no good – harmful to body! and mind – to be replaced with hobbies; knowledge-seeking activities – search for good pastime – make it constructive – use it advantageously – Answer: Leisure is the spare time at one’s ; disposal before or after one’s working hours. It < is the time when .one is at ease and can rest ; or relax. What is this life, if full of care, We have no time to stand and stare. Through these lines, the poet W. H. Davies laments the lack of leisure in the life of modern man. Modern man finds no time to relax for a; while and enjoy the manifold charms of nature \ around him.

Davies calls such a life a poor life. It is dull and drab, monotonous and melancholic, without interest and variety. Most of the common people while away their spare time lying in bed, chatting, eating! and drinking, playing cards or indoor games, listening to music or watching TV or films.

Such activities are good neither for the body S nor for the mind. It is said that ‘all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy, but at the extreme end, all play and no work would make Jack a devil; for An idle mind is the devil’s workshop’. If people do not know how to use their leisure time, they may go for more exciting pleasures and may fall an easy prey to unhealthy or harmful activities like smoking, drinking and drug-taking, or even anti-social activities, crimes and vices.

The best way to use leisure is to cultivate and pursue some hobby of one’s liking. Choice ! of a hobby would depend upon one’s regular work and natural inclination. For those whose regular work involves physical exertion, hobbies like reading, drawing, painting, music, indoor games, stamp-collecting and photography would be more suitable. But for those whose regular work involves more of mental exertion, hobbies like outdoor sports, swimming, riding, gardening, carpentry, hiking, dancing, etc. will be more useful.

The way people utilise their leisure determines the quality of their life. Pursuit of healthy, constructive and creative activities in leisure time enriches life, helps to develop a balanced personality and makes life vibrant and worth living. On the other hand, pursuit of useless, destructive or harmful activities in leisure time mars the charm of happy life and makes life detestable.

Therefore, use of leisure hours by people is the true test of man’s personality and it determines its fate. It is, therefore, imperative that we should guide and motivate people, especially our young men and women, how to use their spare time. Otherwise, leisure will devour us and destroy our life and culture. Spare time will not spare us if we don’t know how to use it advantageously.

Question 7. Blood Donation Points: a graceful gesture – saving some¬body’s life-a noble act-blood banks-wrong notions to be discouraged – be a regular blood- donor – discourages professional blood-donors – bringing about awareness of donation Answer: Donation itself is a graceful word and when it comes to save somebody’s life, it becomes glorious. I personally feel that no donation is so great as ‘blood donation’ for the urge of donating blood emerges from within, least expecting fame for the deed done.

Patients who have lost much blood on account of accident, disease or surgical operation require blood. Sudden loss of blood in a large quantity can even cause death. To supply blood of the right group immediately to the patients’ blood banks have been established all over the world. These banks collect blood, test it, classify it into different groups and store it for future use. They also store components of blood.

Blood banks get blood from people who donate it voluntarily. Blood donation is, therefore, a great service which any able-bodied adult can offer to the suffering humanity. There is a mistaken notion among some people that blood donors become weak by giving blood. In fact, blood-making is an unceasing process in our body, so the person never falls short of blood if he gives it away willingly. But it is advisable for the donor not to donate blood more often than at the interval of every three months.

Blood donation drives are usually organised by voluntary agencies through camps. People come to donate their blood. Nurses and doctors help in collecting blood. Blood group of the donor is first checked. The donor must be of the right age and weight. He must be healthy. Blood is drawn from a vein in the donor’s arm. The blood is collected in a sterilised bottle or plastic bag. It is kept in a cool place and sent to a blood bank where it is preserved safely. Blood is also donated directly in case of an emergency.

The donor is made to lie in a bed near the patient and blood is taken from his body and transfused into the body of the recipient immediately. This is called blood transfusion. Sometimes professional blood donors donate blood for money. This is an unfair practice since the blood is not properly tested and collected from such professional donors. This menace should be tackled at a higher level on a war footing, as it may cost somebody’s life.

In this world, nothing is so important than human life. Therefore, we can state that donating blood to save life holds topmost importance. People should cultivate awareness for blood donation and contribute their share for a noble cause.

Question 8. Disaster Management Points: hazardous phenomenon – different kinds of disasters – man-made and natural -features – damage they do – preventive measures to be taken – rescue actions to be taken – planned efforts to prevent physical destruction and save human loss Answer: When a hazardous phenomenon occurs, it is called a disaster. Disasters can be natural or man-made. People live or rather are compelled to live in hazardous places like on unstable slopes where landslides are likely to happen or close to rivers which could flood. If preventive measures are not taken, natural phenomena like landslides, floods, Tsunami, earthquakes can strike very hard and cause great disasters.

Man-made disasters are caused by terrorist attacks. Attacks in Kashmir, attacks on the World Trade Centre are the unique examples of manmade disasters. In such situations successful, efficient and effective management is essential. Effective, quick disaster management can make the impact of the disaster blunt and bearable.

The following steps can be taken to make the disaster management more effective: Preventive measures: 1. Preventive measures should be taken to avoid the occurrence of the disaster. 2. Assessment of the disaster vulnerability of a location and of the vulnerable groups should be done. 3. Disaster specific preparedness and awareness should be developed. 4. Mock drills should be conducted for preparedness.

Rescue measures if disaster strikes:

Quick help from the society and social agencies.
Quick help from the Government.
Speedy evacuation and quick medical aid.
Continuity of the flow of help for the required period.
Speedy disbursement of financial assistance to the victims of the disaster.
Society should come forward with food packets, clothes and first aid medicines.
Quick disposed of dead bodies.
Arresting the spread of epidemics.
Rehabilitation of the disaster victims.

Question 9. Hostel Life Points: pleasant – some feel home-sick – activities there – company you make – advan¬tages and disadvantages – being self-reliant, co-operative – but may turn wayward – wasting money – falling in bad company – bad habits developing – otherwise very helpful in life Answer: Hostel life is very pleasant in many ways. Students live in hostels when their schools and colleges are far away from home. Again, some guardians prefer that their wards should live in hostels though their homes are not far off. Since many students of the same age live together in a hostel, the students of the same nature develop great intimacy among themselves. There grows a spirit of co-operation and fellow feeling among them. To the earnest students, it is a better place for studies, because they are free here.

In some hostels, debates are also arranged. This is helpful for a student who desires to develop his power of speech and reasoning. Sometimes cultural functions are also held in the hostel. These develop in the students a sense of responsibility, culture and refinement. Living in the hostel, the students have to take care of their own things. In some hostels, students even clean their dishes after taking meals. All these activities develop in them the spirit of self-reliance.

But, of course, the hostel life has its drawback also. The guardians send their wards to the hostel for their education in the hope that they will study here regularly and do well in the examination. But it does not always happen. Some students spend money lavishly and waste their time. Sometimes they cause disturbance to other students. Thus they harm themselves as well as others. To the great disappointment of their guardians, such students do not perform well in the examination.

Students living in hostels should remember that their guardians are spending their hard-earned money on them. It is their duty to take advantage of the freedom of the hostel life and do well in the examinations. If that is done, nothing can be better than hostel life.

Essay Topics for Class 11 and 12

Essay Topics for Class 11th and 12th Students

Essay on Wonders of Science

Essay on Conservation of Environment

Essay on Relationship

Essay on My Best Friend

Essay on My Family

Essay on My Favorite Teacher

Essay on My Mother

Essay on Myself

Essay on Har Ghar Tiranga

Essay on 15 August

Essay on Flag Code of India

Essay on Draupadi Murmu

Essay on Agneepath Scheme

Essay on Rainy Season

Essay on Rainy Day

Essay on Holi Festival

Essay on Why Holika Dahan is Celebrated a Day before Holi

Essay on Is Holi a Harvest or Religious Festival

Essay on Online Shopping

Essay on Advantages and Disadvantages of Online Shopping

Essay on Junk Food

Essay on Google

Essay on Robotics and Machine Learning

Essay on Lohri Festival

Essay on Online Education

Essay on Supercomputer

Essay on Parakram Diwas in India

Essay on Central Vigilance Commission

Essay on Internet of Things (IoT)

Essay on hyperloop

Essay on Growing Trends of Privatization

Essay on One Nation One Election

Essay on online Schooling -can it be the future of education?

Essay on impact of oil increasing on Indian Economy

Essay on E-Diplomacy

Essay on Growing Pollution in Rivers

Essay on why I want to become a Physical therapist

Essay on why I want to become an Engineer

Essay on child is father of the man

Essay on causes, effects and prevention of coronavirus

Essay on Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan

Essay on Ek Bharat Shrestha Bharat

Essay on a friend in need is a friend indeed

Essay on Ayushman Bharat Yojana

Essay on adult education in India

Essay on causes of pollution

Essay on city life vs. village life

Essay on causes and effects of global warming

Essay on caste system

Essay on black money

Essay on biodiversity

Essay on causes of global warming

Essay on Jallianwala Bagh Massacre

Essay on international nurses day

Essay on cleanliness is next to godliness

Essay on world environment day

Essay on international day of yoga

Essay on national doctors’ day

Essay on world population day

Essay on National Flag Adoption Day

Essay on Lal Bahadur Shastri

Essay on National Unity Day

Essay on National Integration Day

Essay on National Pollution Control Day

Essay on Human Rights Day

Essay on National Science Day

Essay on willpower and determination

Essay on leadership qualities of Narendra Modi

Essay on childhood vs. Adulthood

Essay on what I want to become in life

Essay on I want to become a doctor

Essay on why I want to become a teacher

Essay on why the sky is blue

Essay on importance of independence day in India

Essay on why learning English is important

Essay on why I want to become a police officer

Essay on why I want to become an IAS officer

Essay on why I want to become an army officer

Essay on why I want to become an entrepreneur

Essay on why I should become a good fellow

Essay on why I want to become a social worker

Essay on why I want to become a chef

Essay on why I want to become a nurse

Essay on why I want to become a lawyer

Essay on why I want to become a pharmacist

Essay on how Swachh Bharat Abhiyan has helped India

Essay on digital india, cashless india essay, essay on child is father of the man, essay on causes, effects and prevention of corona virus, durga puja essay, essay on summer vacation, essay on my plans for summer vacation, essay on holiday.

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AHSEC Class 12 Alternative English Important Eassy Writting for 2025

AHSEC Class 12 Alternative English Important Eassy Writting for 2024

Are you looking for AHSEC Class 12 Alternative English Eassy Writting ? Now no need to search anymore ! In this page we have provided complete solution of all Important Essays From Textbook Which is very very important for upcoming AHSEC Class 12 Examination 2025.

AHSEC Class 12 Alternative English Module III

Essay writing.

Essay writing is an act of composition which is organised in the form of a narrative. An essay deals with a subject on which the writer presents an elaborate analysis. Before writing an essay, we must focus and plan the process through which the subject will be presented. One of the important points to note in preparing an essay is that we must gather the required information relating to the subject. Without adequate information, the essay will not be able to address the subject well. However, mere accumulation of information will not serve the purpose. We are required to assess the significance of our focus and filter out what is not necessary for the purpose of composition. Once the information is available, we must ensure that the structure of the essay reflects our line of argument. This aspect is known as the essayist's perspective. Even though different writers may write on the same subject, it is the essayist's point of view which gives the essay its distinctive character.

The following pointers may be kept in mind while composing an essay:

(a) Understand the subject on which you plan to compose the essay and assess the feasibility of writing it from your perspective.

(b) Once you have finalised the subject try and gather the required information on the subject.

(d) Use paragraphs to indicate the movement and progression of the subject as you present your ideas.

(e) Ensure that your choice of words and language adequately reflect the ideas you are trying to communicate.

(f) You can use examples to substantiate your viewpoint and to elaborate your perspective on the subject but use examples that are in keeping with the focus of the essay.

(g) In arriving at the conclusion of your essay ensure the preceding passages are accounted for adequately to avoid unresolved contradictory viewpoints in your overall composition.

(h) The length of the essay is to be determined by the requirement of the subject. Make sure that the coverage is suited to your presentation. An essay can be organised by adopting a three-part structure:

(a) Introduction

(b) Body of the essay

However, the length of each of these components can vary from essay to essay. It is to be worked out in accordance with the subject and focus of the essay. Generally, the body of the essay occupies the most space as that is where the discussion and elaboration of the subject takes place. The introduction and the conclusion should be relevant to the subject of the essay and are considerably shorter than the body.

Essay topics and subject areas

In the examination, an essay of 10 marks is to be written on a topic drawn from any of the following subject areas:

1. Literature and culture

2. Science and technology

3. Value education

4. Agriculture and economy

TEXTBOOK: EXERCISE

Write an essay on each Topic given below:

1. My dream holiday destination.

Ans:-

Introduction :

Dreaming of a perfect holiday destination is a delightful escape from the realities of everyday life. Imagining an ideal place where one can relax, explore, and indulge in unique experiences fills us with anticipation and wanderlust. In this essay, I will describe my dream holiday destination, highlighting its captivating attractions, cultural richness, and natural beauty that make it the perfect getaway for me.

1. Exquisite Beaches and Pristine Waters :

My dream holiday destination is a tropical paradise blessed with exquisite beaches and pristine waters. Picture-perfect shores with powdery white sand, gently swaying palm trees, and crystal-clear turquoise waters create a mesmerizing backdrop for ultimate relaxation. The gentle sound of waves crashing against the shore and the warm sun caressing my skin as I lounge on the beach would be the epitome of tranquility. Snorkeling, diving, or simply taking leisurely walks along the shoreline, while enjoying breathtaking sunsets, would make my dream vacation truly unforgettable.

2. Rich Cultural Heritage :

Beyond the natural beauty, my dream destination boasts a rich cultural heritage that fascinates me. I am drawn to places where history comes alive through magnificent architectural wonders, ancient ruins, and vibrant traditions. Exploring historic sites, such as temples, palaces, or archaeological marvels, would offer a glimpse into the region's captivating past. Engaging with the local culture, trying traditional cuisines, and participating in cultural festivities would enable me to immerse myself in the authentic spirit of the destination and create lasting memories.

3. Adventurous Landscapes :

My dream holiday destination also offers diverse landscapes that cater to my adventurous spirit. From lush rainforests teeming with wildlife to majestic mountains begging to be climbed, the region presents a playground for outdoor enthusiasts like me. Hiking through verdant trails, encountering unique flora and fauna, or embarking on thrilling wildlife safaris would ignite a sense of awe and wonder. Exploring hidden waterfalls, kayaking along meandering rivers, or zip-lining through the treetops would add an exhilarating dimension to my dream vacation.

4. Warm Hospitality :

Another significant aspect of my dream holiday destination is the warm hospitality of the local people. The genuine friendliness and welcoming nature of the residents would make me feel at home and enhance my overall experience. Interacting with the locals, learning about their customs and traditions, and exchanging stories would provide me with a deeper understanding of their way of life. The genuine connections forged with the locals would leave an indelible mark on my heart and create a sense of belonging in this foreign land.

Conclusion :

My dream holiday destination combines the allure of exquisite beaches, rich cultural heritage, adventurous landscapes, and warm hospitality. This enchanting place allows me to escape from the daily routine, immerse myself in natural beauty, and embrace new experiences. Whether basking in the sun on pristine beaches, exploring historical sites, embarking on thrilling adventures, or connecting with the locals, this dream destination holds the promise of an unforgettable journey. Though it may exist solely in my imagination for now, the desire to explore and discover such a remarkable place will continue to fuel my passion for travel and adventure.

2. Importance of family values in today's world .

Introduction :In today's fast-paced and ever-changing world, the importance of family values cannot be overstated. Family serves as the foundation of society, and strong family values play a pivotal role in shaping individuals and communities. This essay aims to underscore the significance of family values in today's world, emphasizing their role in fostering love, support, stability, and character development.

1. Nurturing Relationships and Emotional Support:

Family values provide a nurturing environment for individuals to develop and flourish emotionally. In a world filled with stress and uncertainties, the support and love received from family members serve as a source of comfort and stability. Strong family values promote open communication, empathy, and understanding, allowing family members to express their feelings and seek solace during challenging times. These strong emotional bonds foster a sense of belonging and security, promoting mental well-being and resilience in the face of adversity.

2. Moral and Ethical Guidance:

Family values play a crucial role in instilling moral and ethical principles in individuals. Parents and elders serve as role models, imparting essential values such as honesty, integrity, compassion, and respect. By emphasizing these values within the family unit, individuals develop a strong moral compass, guiding their actions and decisions in various aspects of life. Family values help shape character, promote empathy towards others, and contribute to the development of responsible and ethical citizens in society.

3. Building Strong Communities:

Family values extend beyond the boundaries of the household, contributing to the fabric of society. Strong family units that prioritize values like cooperation, respect, and responsibility foster a culture of trust and unity within communities. These values create a ripple effect, promoting positive social interactions and building stronger bonds among neighbors, friends, and acquaintances. By nurturing family values, we contribute to the creation of harmonious and supportive communities where individuals can thrive collectively.

4. Preserving Cultural Traditions and Heritage:

Family values play a significant role in preserving cultural traditions and heritage. Through family rituals, celebrations, and stories passed down from generation to generation, individuals develop a sense of identity and belonging to their cultural roots. These traditions strengthen family bonds and instill a sense of pride in one's heritage. Preserving cultural values within the family unit ensures that rich customs and traditions are not lost with time, contributing to the preservation and diversity of global cultures.

Conclusion:

In an era of rapid technological advancements and changing societal norms, the importance of family values remains steadfast. Family values provide a solid foundation for individuals to navigate the complexities of life, fostering emotional support, moral guidance, and character development. They contribute to the formation of strong communities and the preservation of cultural heritage. As we navigate the challenges of the modern world, it is crucial to uphold and promote family values, ensuring that future generations continue to benefit from the love, support, and wisdom that emanate from strong family units. By prioritizing family values, we can create a more compassionate, resilient, and harmonious society for all.

3. Have television and OTT impacted the reading habits of the younger generation?

Introduction : Television and Over-The-Top (OTT) platforms have revolutionized the entertainment industry, providing easy access to a vast array of audiovisual content. This technological shift has raised concerns about the impact on the reading habits of the younger generation. In this essay, we will explore the influence of television and OTT on the reading habits of young individuals, analyzing both the potential negative and positive effects.

1. Decline in Reading Frequency: The availability of captivating television shows and OTT content has led to a decline in the frequency of reading among the younger generation. With the convenience of streaming services, many young individuals find it more enticing to spend their leisure time watching shows and movies rather than picking up a book. The passive nature of consuming audiovisual content can reduce the motivation and habit of reading, potentially leading to a decrease in reading skills and comprehension abilities.

2. Distraction and Reduced Attention Span: Television and OTT platforms offer a vast array of content that is designed to be attention-grabbing and immersive. The constant availability of flashy visuals and engaging storylines can contribute to shorter attention spans among young individuals. As a result, focusing on the slower pace and depth of reading may become challenging for some. This distraction can further hamper the development of critical thinking, imagination, and analytical skills that are often fostered through reading.

3. Influence on Content Preferences: Television and OTT platforms also shape the content preferences of the younger generation. The ease of accessing a wide range of genres and formats can influence individuals to gravitate towards audiovisual content rather than engaging with written works. The lure of visually stimulating narratives and special effects can overshadow the enjoyment of the written word. Consequently, the breadth and diversity of literary works may be overlooked, limiting the exposure of young individuals to different writing styles and perspectives.

4. Complementary Benefits and Educational Content: While television and OTT platforms may have some negative influences, they also offer opportunities for educational content and complementary benefits to reading habits. Many shows and documentaries available on these platforms promote educational themes, historical events, and literary adaptations. Such content can spark an interest in related books and encourage young viewers to explore the original written works. Additionally, some OTT platforms provide e-books and audiobooks, making reading more accessible and appealing to digital-native generations.

Television and OTT platforms have undoubtedly impacted the reading habits of the younger generation, often leading to a decline in reading frequency and attention span. However, it is essential to acknowledge the potential complementary benefits they offer, including exposure to educational content and increased accessibility to reading materials. Encouraging a balanced approach that combines both audiovisual and literary experiences can help mitigate the negative effects. Promoting the importance of reading, introducing engaging literature, and incorporating diverse forms of media can help young individuals develop a well-rounded approach to entertainment and cultivate a lifelong love for reading. By leveraging the advantages of technology while emphasizing the value of reading, we can ensure that the younger generation reaps the benefits of both worlds.

4. Importance of healthy eating habits and a fitness regime

Maintaining healthy eating habits and following a fitness regime are crucial for overall well-being. In today's fast-paced world, where convenience often takes precedence, it is important to recognize the significance of nourishing our bodies with nutritious food and engaging in regular physical activity. This essay will discuss the importance of healthy eating habits and a fitness regime, highlighting their positive impact on physical health, mental well-being, and longevity.

1. Physical Health:

Healthy eating habits and a fitness regime are essential for maintaining optimal physical health. A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins provides the necessary nutrients to support bodily functions, boost the immune system, and prevent chronic diseases. Regular exercise strengthens muscles, improves cardiovascular health, enhances flexibility, and helps in maintaining a healthy weight. Together, healthy eating and fitness promote longevity, reduce the risk of obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and contribute to overall vitality and well-being.

2. Mental Well-being:

The connection between healthy eating and mental well-being is well-established. Nutrient-rich foods, such as those high in omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamins, support brain health and can positively impact mood and cognitive function. Additionally, engaging in regular physical activity releases endorphins, the "feel-good" hormones, which help reduce stress, anxiety, and depression. Following a fitness regime also provides a sense of accomplishment and boosts self-esteem, further enhancing mental well-being.

3. Increased Energy and Productivity:

Adopting healthy eating habits and maintaining a fitness regime can significantly increase energy levels and productivity. Nutritious foods provide the necessary fuel for the body, improving concentration, focus, and cognitive abilities. Regular exercise improves blood circulation, delivering oxygen and nutrients to the brain, which enhances mental alertness and productivity. By nourishing the body and engaging in physical activity, individuals experience sustained energy throughout the day and are better equipped to meet the demands of work, studies, and daily life.

4. Disease Prevention and Longevity:

Healthy eating habits and a fitness regime play a pivotal role in preventing chronic diseases and promoting longevity. By consuming a balanced diet and engaging in regular exercise, individuals can reduce the risk of conditions such as obesity, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, and certain types of cancer. Additionally, healthy lifestyle choices have been linked to a longer lifespan and improved quality of life in older age. Making conscious choices to prioritize health can lead to a more vibrant and active life in the long run.

The importance of healthy eating habits and a fitness regime cannot be overstated. These practices not only promote physical health but also have a profound impact on mental well-being, energy levels, and disease prevention. By nourishing our bodies with nutritious food and engaging in regular physical activity, we pave the way for a healthier and more fulfilling life. Embracing a balanced lifestyle that combines healthy eating and fitness not only benefits us individually but also creates a ripple effect, inspiring those around us to prioritize their well-being. Let us recognize the significance of these habits and make conscious choices to cultivate a healthier and happier life.

5. Importance of anniversaries.

Anniversaries are special milestones that commemorate significant events and achievements in our personal and collective lives. Whether it's a wedding anniversary, work anniversary, or the anniversary of a historical event, these occasions hold great importance in our lives. In this essay, we will explore the significance of anniversaries, highlighting their role in celebrating love, milestones, memories, and fostering a sense of connection.

1. Celebration of Love and Commitment:

Wedding anniversaries hold immense importance in celebrating the love and commitment shared between partners. They provide an opportunity to reflect on the journey of a relationship , the joys, challenges, and growth experienced together. Anniversaries serve as a reminder of the vows made, reinforcing the bond and rekindling the love between partners. Celebrating this special day strengthens the foundation of a relationship and helps couples appreciate the value of their partnership.

2. Milestones and Achievements :

Anniversaries mark significant milestones and achievements in various aspects of life. Work anniversaries, for instance, celebrate years of dedication and commitment to a profession or organization. They acknowledge the growth, contributions, and progress made during the tenure. Similarly, anniversaries of personal achievements, such as completing a degree, starting a business, or reaching a fitness goal, provide an opportunity for self-reflection, gratitude, and motivation to pursue further accomplishments.

3. Reflection and Memory Preservation:

Anniversaries offer a moment of reflection and memory preservation. They prompt us to look back on the past, remembering and cherishing special moments, experiences, and milestones. By commemorating anniversaries, we create a timeline of our lives, capturing memories and preserving them for future generations. These moments of reflection allow us to appreciate how far we have come and the lessons learned along the way, fostering personal growth and gratitude.

4. Fostering a Sense of Connection:

Anniversaries also play a crucial role in fostering a sense of connection among individuals, families, and communities. They bring people together, creating opportunities for celebration, reminiscing, and strengthening social bonds. By acknowledging and commemorating anniversaries collectively, we create a shared history and sense of belonging. These occasions often serve as reunions, where loved ones come together to celebrate, share stories, and reinforce the ties that bind us.

Anniversaries hold great significance in our lives, allowing us to celebrate love, milestones, and achievements. They provide opportunities for reflection, memory preservation, and the fostering of a sense of connection among individuals and communities. By acknowledging anniversaries, we acknowledge the importance of the past, embrace the present, and look forward to the future. These special occasions serve as reminders of our growth, experiences, and the relationships that shape our lives. Let us cherish and celebrate anniversaries, recognizing their role in enriching our lives with love, memories, and a sense of belonging.

6. My favourite science fiction film [ AHSEC: 2024 ]

My Favorite Science Fiction Film: "Blade Runner"

Science fiction films have the unique ability to transport viewers to imaginative and thought-provoking worlds. Among the plethora of captivating movies in this genre, one film stands out as my personal favorite: "Blade Runner." Directed by Ridley Scott and released in 1982, this iconic science fiction masterpiece combines stunning visuals, a compelling narrative, and philosophical themes that continue to captivate audiences to this day.

1. Immersive Visuals and Atmosphere:

"Blade Runner" is renowned for its visually stunning and atmospheric cinematography. Set in a dystopian future Los Angeles, the film presents a dark and gritty world filled with towering skyscrapers, neon-lit streets, and a constant backdrop of rain. The intricate production design, coupled with the masterful use of lighting and special effects, creates a distinct and immersive atmosphere that draws viewers into this futuristic world.

2. Complex Characters and Themes:

At the heart of "Blade Runner" are its complex characters and thought-provoking themes. The film explores profound questions about identity, humanity, and the ethical implications of artificial intelligence. The central protagonist, Rick Deckard (played by Harrison Ford), is a "blade runner" tasked with hunting down and "retiring" rogue replicants, human-like androids. As Deckard grapples with his own beliefs and emotions while interacting with replicants, the film raises existential questions about what it means to be human.

3. Engaging Storytelling and Mystery:

"Blade Runner" masterfully combines elements of detective noir with science fiction, creating a compelling and suspenseful narrative. Deckard's pursuit of the replicants unfolds like a detective thriller, drawing viewers into a world of intrigue, moral ambiguity, and unexpected twists. The film's exploration of the blurred lines between man and machine keeps audiences engrossed and constantly questioning the nature of humanity and the consequences of scientific advancements.

4. Timeless Influence and Legacy:

" Blade Runner " has had a significant impact on the science fiction genre and popular culture as a whole. Its visionary depiction of a future world has influenced countless films, books, and artistic works that followed. The film's exploration of philosophical themes and moral dilemmas continues to resonate with audiences, sparking discussions and debates about the role of technology and our own humanity in an ever-evolving world.

" Blade Runner " holds a special place in my heart as my favorite science fiction film. Its immersive visuals, complex characters, engaging storytelling, and thought-provoking themes make it a timeless masterpiece in the genre. The film's enduring influence and its ability to provoke philosophical reflections on the nature of humanity make it an exceptional work of science fiction. "Blade Runner" showcases the power of cinema to transport us to extraordinary worlds, challenge our perceptions, and ignite our imaginations.

My Favorite Movie: "Bhaag Milkha Bhaag "

Movies have the power to inspire, entertain, and leave a lasting impact on viewers. Among the diverse range of films, one movie holds a special place in my heart as my favorite: "Bhaag Milkha Bhaag." Directed by Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra and released in 2013, this Indian biographical sports drama tells the inspiring story of the legendary Indian athlete Milkha Singh, popularly known as the Flying Sikh.

1. Inspiring True Story:

"Bhaag Milkha Bhaag" is based on the remarkable true story of Milkha Singh, who overcame tremendous obstacles and emerged as one of India's greatest athletes. The film takes viewers on a journey through Milkha Singh's challenging childhood during the partition of India, his struggles, determination, and eventual triumphs on the athletic field. The story serves as a testament to the power of perseverance, hard work, and resilience in the face of adversity.

2. Superb Performances:

One of the highlights of "Bhaag Milkha Bhaag" is the exceptional performances by the cast. Farhan Akhtar delivers a career-defining performance as Milkha Singh, bringing depth, emotion, and authenticity to the character. His dedication to portraying the physical and emotional transformation of Milkha Singh is truly commendable. The supporting cast, including Sonam Kapoor, Divya Dutta, and Pavan Malhotra, also deliver stellar performances, adding depth and nuance to the narrative.

3. Captivating Storytelling :

The film's storytelling captivates audiences from start to finish. Director Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra weaves together past and present, seamlessly blending flashbacks with the main narrative. The nonlinear storytelling technique adds depth and layers to the story, allowing viewers to understand the significant moments and experiences that shaped Milkha Singh's life. The film strikes a balance between showcasing the challenges faced by the protagonist and celebrating his achievements, creating a narrative that keeps viewers engaged and emotionally invested.

4. Cinematic Brilliance :

"Bhaag Milkha Bhaag" boasts exceptional cinematography, sound design, and editing. The film beautifully captures the essence of different eras, from the vibrant streets of partition-era India to the thrill and intensity of athletic competitions. The breathtaking visuals, combined with the meticulous attention to detail, transport viewers into the world of Milkha Singh and create an immersive cinematic experience. The background score and sound design enhance the emotional impact of the film, evoking a range of emotions throughout the narrative.

"Bhaag Milkha Bhaag" is my favorite movie for its inspiring true story, superb performances, captivating storytelling, and cinematic brilliance. The film not only showcases the incredible journey of Milkha Singh but also imparts valuable life lessons about determination, resilience, and the pursuit of excellence. "Bhaag Milkha Bhaag" serves as a reminder that with passion, hard work, and a never-give-up attitude, individuals can overcome any obstacle and achieve greatness. The movie continues to inspire and uplift audiences, leaving a profound impact on their hearts and minds.

7. Impact of digital technology on the Indian economy

Digital technology has revolutionized the world, transforming various sectors and economies. India, with its vast population and growing digital infrastructure, has experienced significant impacts on its economy due to the adoption and utilization of digital technology. This essay explores the profound influence of digital technology on the Indian economy, highlighting key areas of transformation and the resulting benefits and challenges.

1. E-commerce and Digital Payments:

The rise of e-commerce platforms and digital payment systems has reshaped the retail landscape in India. Online marketplaces such as Flipkart, Amazon, and Snapdeal have facilitated access to a wide range of products, empowering consumers with convenience and choice. Digital payment platforms like Paytm, PhonePe, and Google Pay have accelerated the shift from cash-based transactions to digital payments, promoting financial inclusion and improving transparency. The growth of e-commerce and digital payments has stimulated entrepreneurship, job creation, and increased consumer spending, boosting economic activity.

2. Digital Infrastructure and Connectivity :

The expansion of digital infrastructure, including the proliferation of smartphones and the advent of affordable internet connectivity, has connected millions of Indians to the digital world. This increased connectivity has opened up opportunities for individuals, businesses, and governments to access information, services, and markets more efficiently. Improved connectivity has played a crucial role in enabling digital transformation across sectors, fostering innovation, and enhancing productivity. It has also promoted the growth of online services such as education, healthcare, and entertainment, creating new avenues for economic growth and employment.

3. Start-up Ecosystem and Innovation:

Digital technology has fueled the growth of India's start-up ecosystem, promoting entrepreneurship and innovation. The availability of digital tools, cloud computing, and online platforms has lowered barriers to entry for aspiring entrepreneurs, allowing them to develop and scale innovative business models. Start-ups across various sectors, including e-commerce, fintech, healthtech, and edtech, have emerged, attracting investment and generating employment opportunities. The vibrant start-up ecosystem has not only contributed to economic growth but has also positioned India as a global hub for technology and innovation.

4. Digital Governance and Financial Inclusion:

Digital technology has played a significant role in advancing digital governance and financial inclusion in India. Initiatives such as Aadhaar, the world's largest biometric identification program, and the Jan Dhan Yojana, aimed at providing access to financial services to the unbanked population, have leveraged digital technology to reach and empower marginalized communities. Digital platforms and applications have streamlined government services, reducing corruption, improving efficiency, and enhancing citizen engagement. The digitization of government processes has also paved the way for digital service delivery, making public services more accessible and inclusive.

Challenges :

While digital technology has brought numerous benefits to the Indian economy, it is important to acknowledge the challenges associated with its adoption and utilization. These challenges include issues of data privacy and security, digital divide and accessibility, infrastructure gaps, and ensuring equitable distribution of benefits.

The impact of digital technology on the Indian economy has been transformative, revolutionizing various sectors, fostering innovation, and driving economic growth. E-commerce, digital payments, digital governance, and the start-up ecosystem have emerged as key pillars of India's digital economy. However, addressing challenges related to infrastructure, accessibility, and data privacy is essential to ensure that the benefits of digital technology are accessible to all segments of society. By leveraging the potential of digital technology while addressing the associated challenges, India can continue to harness the power of digital transformation for inclusive and sustainable economic development.

8. Ethics of animal testing in scientific research

Scientific research plays a vital role in advancing knowledge, improving human health, and finding solutions to complex problems. However, the use of animals in scientific experiments has long been a subject of ethical debate. This essay explores the ethical considerations surrounding animal testing in scientific research, examining both the arguments in favor of and against this practice.

1. Benefits of Animal Testing:

Proponents of animal testing argue that it is necessary for scientific progress and the development of life-saving treatments and interventions. Animals are often used as models to study diseases and test the safety and efficacy of new drugs, vaccines, and medical procedures. Animal testing has contributed to significant medical advancements, including the development of antibiotics, cancer treatments, and surgical techniques. Supporters argue that the potential benefits to human health and well-being outweigh the ethical concerns.

2. Ethical Considerations:

Opponents of animal testing emphasize the ethical concerns associated with using animals in research. They argue that animals possess inherent value and should not be subjected to unnecessary harm and suffering for human benefit. Animals have the capacity to experience pain, stress, and emotions, and it is morally wrong to inflict harm on them for human purposes. Critics also question the validity of using animal models, citing differences between animal biology and human physiology that may limit the applicability of research findings.

3. Alternatives and Advances in Technology:

Advancements in technology and alternative research methods have led to calls for reducing and replacing animal testing. In vitro methods, computer simulations, and tissue cultures are examples of alternatives that can provide valuable data without involving animal subjects. These alternatives can minimize animal suffering and offer more accurate results, as they are directly applicable to human systems. Critics argue that continued reliance on animal testing may hinder scientific progress in exploring these alternative methods and approaches.

4. Ethical Frameworks and Regulation:

Ethical frameworks and regulatory guidelines have been established to minimize harm to animals used in research. Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees (IACUCs) and ethical review boards are responsible for ensuring that studies involving animals meet specific criteria, including minimizing pain and suffering, using the minimum number of animals necessary, and adhering to strict protocols for animal welfare. These regulations aim to strike a balance between the need for scientific advancement and the ethical treatment of animals.

The ethics of animal testing in scientific research is a complex and contentious issue. While animal testing has contributed to significant medical advancements, it raises concerns about the welfare and inherent value of animals. As technology and alternative methods continue to advance, there is a growing call to minimize and replace animal testing. Striking a balance between the pursuit of scientific knowledge and the ethical treatment of animals requires ongoing dialogue, strict regulation, and continued investment in developing alternative research methods. Ultimately, the goal should be to prioritize human welfare while ensuring that animals are treated with respect and minimizing their suffering in scientific research.

9. Role of cinema in shaping society and culture

The Role of Cinema in Shaping Society and Culture

Cinema, as a powerful medium of storytelling and visual communication, holds immense influence in shaping society and culture. Films have the ability to entertain, educate, inspire, and challenge societal norms. This essay explores the significant role of cinema in shaping society and culture, examining its impact on values, beliefs, social awareness, and collective identity.

1. Reflection of Society:

Cinema often reflects the realities, aspirations, and challenges of society. Movies capture the zeitgeist of a particular era, reflecting the social, cultural, and political context in which they are made. They serve as a mirror that reflects societal issues, values, and aspirations. By portraying diverse characters, addressing social injustices, and exploring pressing issues, films can create empathy, awareness, and dialogue about societal challenges, ultimately influencing public opinion and shaping societal attitudes.

2. Cultural Preservation and Representation:

Cinema plays a significant role in preserving and representing cultural heritage and diversity. Films depict various cultures, traditions, and languages, showcasing the richness and uniqueness of different communities. They provide a platform for marginalized voices and underrepresented groups, contributing to the preservation of cultural identity and promoting inclusivity. By representing diverse narratives, cinema fosters cultural understanding and appreciation, contributing to a more pluralistic and tolerant society.

3. Shaping Values and Beliefs:

Movies have the power to shape values, beliefs, and moral perspectives. Through storytelling, films can present ethical dilemmas, challenge societal norms, and provoke critical thinking. They can raise awareness about social issues such as gender inequality, racism, poverty, and environmental concerns, thereby influencing public opinion and advocating for positive change. Cinema can shape and reinforce cultural values, inspiring individuals to reflect on their own beliefs and encouraging social and personal transformation.

4. Popular Culture and Trends:

Cinema plays a significant role in shaping popular culture and influencing trends. Iconic movies, characters, and dialogues can become part of collective memory and shape popular imagination. They impact fashion, music, art, and lifestyle choices, creating trends that permeate society. Movies also provide escapism, entertainment, and shared experiences, fostering a sense of community and cultural bonding.

5. Social Movements and Activism:

Cinema has been a catalyst for social movements and activism. Films with strong social messages have inspired public discourse, mobilized social change, and motivated individuals to take action. They have shed light on human rights abuses, civil rights struggles, and other social justice issues, helping to create awareness and galvanize public support. Movies like "Selma," "12 Years a Slave," and "Milk" have played a crucial role in advocating for equality and social justice.

Cinema is a powerful medium that influences society and shapes culture in profound ways. Films reflect societal realities, preserve cultural heritage, challenge norms, and shape values and beliefs. They contribute to cultural diversity, foster social awareness, and inspire social change. As audiences, it is important to critically engage with the messages portrayed in movies and understand their impact on society. By recognizing the role of cinema in shaping society and culture, we can harness its potential for positive change and use it as a tool to promote empathy, understanding, and a more inclusive and progressive world.

AHSEC Class 12 Alternative English Eassy Writting

10. Impact of social media on the mental health of the Indian y outh (Society) [ AHSEC: 2024 ]

The Impact of Social Media on the Mental Health of the Indian Youth

Introduction :Social media has become an integral part of the lives of Indian youth, providing platforms for communication, self-expression, and information sharing. However, the increasing use of social media has raised concerns about its impact on the mental health of young individuals. This essay explores the impact of social media on the mental health of the Indian youth, highlighting both the positive and negative aspects.

1. Positive Aspects :

Social media platforms offer opportunities for connectivity, self-expression, and support. They enable young individuals to connect with friends, family, and communities, fostering a sense of belonging and social support. Social media provides a platform for self-expression, creativity, and the sharing of experiences, allowing youth to explore their identity and build self-confidence. Online communities and support groups can offer solace and understanding for those facing mental health challenges.

2. Negative Effects on Mental Health:

a. Comparison and Low Self-esteem : Social media often creates a culture of comparison, where individuals compare their lives, appearances, and achievements to those of others. This constant comparison can lead to feelings of inadequacy, low self-esteem, and depression.

b. Cyberbullying: The anonymity and accessibility of social media can contribute to cyberbullying, which has a detrimental impact on mental health. Youth may experience harassment, threats, and social exclusion, leading to anxiety, depression, and even suicide.

c. Fear of Missing Out (FOMO ): Constant exposure to others' highlights and experiences on social media can generate a fear of missing out (FOMO), causing anxiety, loneliness, and dissatisfaction with one's own life.

d. Sleep Disturbance s: Excessive use of social media, particularly before bedtime, can disrupt sleep patterns, leading to fatigue, decreased concentration, and increased vulnerability to mental health issues.

3. Impact on Relationships:

Social media can impact the quality and nature of relationships. Excessive use of social media can reduce face-to-face interactions and hinder the development of essential social skills. Online interactions may lack depth and authenticity, leading to a sense of loneliness and isolation. Moreover, constant connectivity can blur boundaries between personal and public life, affecting privacy and interpersonal dynamics.

4. Addressing the Challenges:

To mitigate the negative impact of social media on the mental health of Indian youth, various steps can be taken:

a. Promoting Digital Literacy: Educating young individuals about responsible social media use, privacy settings, and cyberbullying prevention is crucial.

b. Balancing Online and Offline Interactions: Encouraging a healthy balance between online and offline activities, promoting face-to-face interactions, and engaging in hobbies and physical activities can help reduce the negative impact of social media.

c. Creating Supportive Online Communities: Establishing safe spaces and support networks on social media platforms can provide young individuals with avenues for seeking help, sharing experiences, and finding support.

While social media offers numerous benefits to the Indian youth, it also poses challenges to their mental health. It is important to recognize and address the negative impact of excessive social media use on self-esteem, relationships, and well-being. Promoting responsible social media use, digital literacy, and creating supportive online communities are essential in fostering a healthy relationship with social media and protecting the mental health of Indian youth. By striking a balance and using social media mindfully, young individuals can harness its positive aspects while safeguarding their mental well-being.

11. Effects of rising sea levels on coastal communities in India

Ans:-

Effects of Rising Sea Levels on Coastal Communities in India

Rising sea levels, caused primarily by climate change and global warming, pose significant threats to coastal communities around the world, including in India. With its extensive coastline and a large population residing in coastal regions, India is highly vulnerable to the impacts of rising sea levels. This essay examines the effects of rising sea levels on coastal communities in India, highlighting the challenges they face and the potential solutions.

1. Coastal Erosion and Land Loss:

Rising sea levels contribute to coastal erosion, causing the gradual loss of land in coastal areas. As sea levels rise, the shoreline retreats, leading to the inundation of low-lying areas and the loss of valuable agricultural land and infrastructure. Coastal erosion threatens the livelihoods of communities dependent on farming, fishing, and tourism, and exacerbates the risk of displacement and migration.

2. Increased Flooding and Salinization:

Higher sea levels increase the risk of coastal flooding, particularly during extreme weather events such as cyclones and storm surges. This puts coastal communities at greater risk of property damage, loss of livelihoods, and even loss of life. Additionally, rising sea levels can lead to the intrusion of saltwater into freshwater sources, contaminating drinking water supplies and affecting agricultural productivity.

3. Threats to Coastal Infrastructure:

Rising sea levels pose a significant threat to coastal infrastructure, including roads, ports, airports, and power plants. Infrastructure located near the coast is vulnerable to damage from storm surges, erosion, and inundation. This can disrupt transportation networks, affect economic activities, and hamper coastal development efforts.

4. Impacts on Biodiversity and Marine Ecosystems:

Coastal regions are home to diverse marine ecosystems, including coral reefs, mangroves, and coastal wetlands. Rising sea levels endanger these ecosystems, leading to the loss of biodiversity and disrupting the natural balance. Coastal communities that rely on these ecosystems for fishing, tourism, and natural resources face significant challenges as their livelihoods are threatened.

5. Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies:

To address the impacts of rising sea levels, coastal communities in India need to adopt adaptation and mitigation strategies:

a. Infrastructure Planning : Develop and implement coastal zone management plans that consider the projected sea level rise, including setback regulations, protective measures, and sustainable land-use practices.

b. Climate-Resilient Housing : Encourage the construction of climate-resilient housing that is designed to withstand flooding and storm surges.

c. Mangrove Restoration and Conservation : Protect and restore mangrove forests, which act as natural buffers against coastal erosion and provide habitats for marine life.

d. Early Warning Systems : Strengthen early warning systems for cyclones and coastal flooding to minimize the loss of life and property.

e. Climate Change Education : Increase awareness and understanding of climate change and its impacts among coastal communities, empowering them to take proactive measures to adapt to changing conditions.

Rising sea levels pose significant challenges to coastal communities in India, including coastal erosion, increased flooding, infrastructure damage, and threats to biodiversity and livelihoods. Adapting to these challenges requires a multi-faceted approach that includes infrastructure planning, climate-resilient housing, ecosystem conservation, early warning systems, and climate change education. By implementing adaptation and mitigation strategies, India can protect its coastal communities, preserve valuable ecosystems, and build resilience in the face of rising sea levels and climate change. International cooperation and sustained efforts are essential to address this global issue and secure the future of coastal communities in India and beyond.

AHSEC Class 12 Alternative English Eassy Writting

12. Benefits and drawbacks of learning a second language

Benefits and Drawbacks of Learning a Second Language

Introduction :

Learning a second language can bring numerous benefits and open up exciting opportunities for individuals. However, it also comes with certain challenges. This essay discusses the advantages and drawbacks of learning a second language in a simplified manner.

1. Communication : Learning a second language enables individuals to communicate with a broader range of people, both domestically and internationally. It facilitates cross-cultural interactions and fosters understanding between different communities.

2. Cognitive Benefits : Studies have shown that learning a second language enhances cognitive abilities such as problem-solving, critical thinking, and memory. It can improve overall brain function and delay cognitive decline in later life.

3. Career Opportunities : Proficiency in a second language can boost career prospects. It opens doors to job opportunities in various industries, especially those involving international business, translation, tourism, and diplomacy.

4. Cultural Understanding : Learning a second language allows individuals to gain a deeper understanding of different cultures, traditions, and perspectives. It promotes empathy, cultural sensitivity, and appreciation for diversity.

5. Personal Development : Learning a second language challenges individuals to step out of their comfort zones and develop resilience, perseverance, and adaptability. It enhances self-confidence and broadens personal horizons.

Drawbacks :

1. Time and Effort : Learning a second language requires significant time and effort. It involves regular practice, studying vocabulary and grammar, and immersing oneself in the language. It can be challenging to balance language learning with other commitments.

2. Difficulty and Frustration : Learning a new language can be challenging, especially for adults. Pronunciation, grammar rules, and vocabulary acquisition can be difficult and may lead to frustration and discouragement.

3. Limited Usage : Depending on the location and context, the opportunities to use a second language may be limited. If there are no opportunities for regular practice or immersion, it may be challenging to maintain and develop language skills.

4. Cultural Barriers : Language and culture are closely intertwined. Learning a second language may involve navigating cultural differences and understanding idiomatic expressions and cultural nuances, which can be complex and require ongoing learning.

5. Interference with First Language : Sometimes, learning a second language can cause interference with the first language. Pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary from the first language may be affected, leading to temporary confusion or reduced fluency.

Learning a second language offers numerous benefits, including improved communication, cognitive development, career opportunities, cultural understanding, and personal growth. However, it is essential to recognize the challenges, such as time commitment, difficulty, limited usage opportunities, cultural barriers, and potential interference with the first language. Despite the drawbacks, the advantages of learning a second language outweigh the challenges, making it a worthwhile endeavor for personal and professional growth.

13. Role of scientific research in addressing the global health crises

The Role of Scientific Research in Addressing Global Health Crises

Global health crises, such as pandemics and infectious disease outbreaks, pose significant threats to human well-being and require effective responses to mitigate their impact. Scientific research plays a crucial role in understanding, preventing, and addressing global health crises. This essay explores the essential role of scientific research in combating and managing these crises.

1. Understanding the Disease:

Scientific research is vital in providing a comprehensive understanding of the causes, transmission, and characteristics of diseases. Through laboratory investigations, epidemiological studies, and clinical trials, scientists can unravel the mechanisms behind the spread of diseases, identify risk factors, and develop strategies for prevention and control. This knowledge is essential for formulating effective public health policies and interventions.

2. Developing Diagnostic Tools and Treatments:

Scientific research plays a crucial role in developing diagnostic tools and treatments for diseases. Researchers work diligently to identify specific markers, develop accurate diagnostic tests, and create effective treatment options. This enables healthcare professionals to diagnose patients accurately, initiate appropriate treatment, and track the progression of diseases. For example, in the case of COVID-19, scientific research led to the rapid development of diagnostic tests, therapeutic drugs, and vaccines.

3. Vaccine Development:

Vaccines are essential in preventing the spread of infectious diseases and mitigating global health crises. Scientific research plays a pivotal role in developing safe and effective vaccines. Researchers conduct extensive preclinical and clinical trials to assess vaccine efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity. They also work on optimizing vaccine production, distribution, and deployment strategies. The successful development and widespread administration of vaccines have proven instrumental in controlling diseases like polio, measles, and COVID-19.

4. Surveillance and Early Warning Systems:

Scientific research contributes to the establishment of robust surveillance systems and early warning mechanisms. Through continuous monitoring and analysis of data, researchers can detect outbreaks, track disease patterns, and identify potential threats to global health. Timely detection and response enable public health authorities to implement appropriate measures, such as quarantine, contact tracing, and containment strategies.

5. Public Health Interventions and Policies:

Scientific research provides evidence-based guidance for the formulation of public health interventions and policies. Researchers study the effectiveness of various control measures, such as social distancing, mask-wearing, and hygiene practices, to inform public health recommendations. They also evaluate the impact of interventions on disease transmission and outcomes, helping policymakers make informed decisions to protect public health.

Scientific research plays an indispensable role in addressing global health crises. It contributes to our understanding of diseases, aids in the development of diagnostic tools and treatments, drives vaccine development, strengthens surveillance systems, and informs public health interventions and policies. By investing in scientific research, fostering collaboration among researchers and stakeholders, and ensuring timely translation of research findings into practice, we can enhance our preparedness and response to global health crises. Continued support and prioritization of scientific research are crucial in safeguarding public health and mitigating the impact of future health crises.

14. Impact of COVID-19 on the Indian society

The Impact of COVID-19 on Indian Society

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant disruptions worldwide, including in India. The spread of the virus and the subsequent measures implemented to control it have had a profound impact on various aspects of Indian society. This essay explores the multifaceted impact of COVID-19 on Indian society.

1. Health Impact:

The primary impact of COVID-19 is on public health. The virus has resulted in a significant number of infections and fatalities, straining the healthcare system and posing challenges in terms of healthcare infrastructure, medical supplies, and personnel. The pandemic has highlighted the importance of robust healthcare systems and the need for increased investment in public health.

2. Economic Impact:

COVID-19 has had a severe impact on the Indian economy. Lockdowns, travel restrictions, and business closures have disrupted supply chains, reduced economic activity, and led to job losses and financial insecurity for many individuals and businesses. Sectors such as hospitality, tourism, and small businesses have been particularly affected. The pandemic has highlighted the need for economic diversification and resilience.

3. Education System:

The pandemic has disrupted the education system in India. Closure of schools and colleges, and the shift to online learning, have posed challenges for students, teachers, and parents. Access to online education has been unequal, with disparities in internet connectivity and technology infrastructure. The pandemic has highlighted the need for digital infrastructure and inclusive educational approaches.

4. Social Dynamics:

COVID-19 has altered social dynamics in Indian society. Social distancing measures, restrictions on gatherings, and the fear of transmission have affected social interactions and cultural practices. Weddings, religious gatherings, and festivals have been scaled down or postponed. The pandemic has emphasized the importance of community solidarity and adaptability in the face of challenges.

5. Mental Health:

The pandemic has taken a toll on the mental health of individuals in India. Social isolation, fear, anxiety, and uncertainty have contributed to increased stress levels and mental health issues. Access to mental health services and support has become crucial, highlighting the need for prioritizing mental health as a public health concern.

6. Gender and Vulnerable Groups:

COVID-19 has disproportionately affected vulnerable groups in Indian society, including women, migrant workers, and marginalized communities. Women have faced increased domestic burdens, violence, and economic challenges. Migrant workers experienced hardships due to job losses and the struggle to return home during the lockdown. The pandemic has underscored the need for social support, inclusivity, and gender-sensitive policies.

7. Technological Adoption :

COVID-19 has accelerated the adoption of technology in various sectors. Remote work, online shopping, and digital payments have witnessed increased usage. This shift has highlighted the importance of digital infrastructure, connectivity, and digital literacy in bridging the digital divide.

The COVID-19 pandemic has left an indelible impact on Indian society. It has affected public health, the economy, education, social dynamics, mental health, and highlighted existing social inequalities. The challenges posed by the pandemic have also revealed areas for improvement, such as strengthening healthcare systems, investing in digital infrastructure, promoting inclusive education, and addressing vulnerabilities faced by marginalized groups. By learning from these experiences, India can build resilience, enhance preparedness, and foster a more equitable and resilient society in the face of future challenges.

15. Has women's cricket in India received the recognition it deserves?

Women's cricket in India has seen significant growth and achievements in recent years. The Indian women's cricket team has performed admirably on the international stage and has garnered attention and support from fans. However, the question remains whether women's cricket in India has received the recognition it truly deserves. This essay explores the progress made and the challenges that still exist in recognizing and promoting women's cricket in India.

1. Achievements and Visibility:

The Indian women's cricket team has achieved notable success in international competitions, including reaching the finals of the ICC Women's World Cup in 2017 and consistently performing well in other tournaments. These achievements have brought visibility to the team and the players, generating interest and appreciation among cricket fans in India.

2. Increased Media Coverage:

In recent years, there has been a noticeable increase in media coverage of women's cricket in India. Television broadcasts, online streaming platforms, and sports journalism have given more attention to women's cricket matches, providing a platform for fans to follow the sport. This enhanced media coverage has contributed to raising awareness about women's cricket and showcasing the talents of Indian women cricketers.

3. Sponsorship and Financial Support :

Women's cricket in India has also witnessed an improvement in sponsorship and financial support. Corporate entities and brands have started investing in women's cricket, recognizing its growing popularity and commercial potential. This support has enabled the players to receive better training facilities, coaching, and financial remuneration, thereby improving the overall infrastructure for the sport.

4. Grassroots Development and Talent Identification :

Efforts have been made to promote women's cricket at the grassroots level in India. Various cricket associations and academies have started organizing women's cricket tournaments and providing training opportunities to young girls. These initiatives aim to identify and nurture talent, ensuring a pipeline of skilled players for the national team.

Challenges:

1. Limited Exposure and Broadcasting:

While there has been an increase in media coverage, women's cricket in India still faces challenges in terms of limited exposure and broadcasting opportunities. Many matches are not televised or streamed, resulting in reduced visibility and accessibility for fans. Limited broadcasting can hinder the growth and popularity of women's cricket in the country.

2. Pay Disparity:

Despite progress, there remains a significant pay disparity between male and female cricketers in India. Male cricketers receive substantially higher salaries and endorsement deals compared to their female counterparts. Bridging this pay gap is crucial for recognizing the value and contribution of women's cricket and providing equal opportunities for female players.

3. Infrastructure and Facilities:

Investment in infrastructure and training facilities for women's cricket is still inadequate in many parts of India. Access to quality training grounds, coaching, and resources remains a challenge for aspiring female cricketers. Enhancing infrastructure and providing equal facilities are essential for the development and progress of women's cricket.

4. Cultural and Social Barriers:

Societal attitudes and stereotypes around women's participation in sports can act as barriers to the recognition of women's cricket in India. Traditional gender roles, lack of support, and societal expectations may discourage girls from pursuing cricket as a career. Challenging these cultural barriers and promoting gender equality in sports are crucial for fostering the recognition and acceptance of women's cricket.

Women's cricket in India has made significant strides in terms of achievements, media coverage, and financial support. The growing visibility of the Indian women's cricket team and increased opportunities for young girls to participate in the sport are positive developments. However, challenges such as limited exposure, pay disparity, inadequate infrastructure, and cultural barriers still need to be addressed. To ensure that women's cricket in India receives the recognition it deserves, concerted efforts are required to bridge these gaps, provide equal opportunities, and create an inclusive and supportive environment for women cricketers. With continued progress and support, women's cricket in India can thrive and inspire generations to come.

Women's cricket in India has gotten better and achieved a lot recently. The Indian women's cricket team has done well in international competitions and gained support from fans. But, has women's cricket in India received the attention and appreciation it truly deserves? This essay explores the progress made and the challenges that still exist in recognizing and promoting women's cricket in India.

The Indian women's cricket team has done really well in international tournaments, like reaching the finals of the ICC Women's World Cup in 2017. This has made people notice them and appreciate their skills, making women's cricket more popular among fans in India.

2. More Media Coverage:

Women's cricket in India has been getting more attention in the media. Matches are now shown on TV and online platforms, and there are more news articles about the players. This helps more people become aware of women's cricket and see how talented the Indian women cricketers are.

3. Support from Sponsors:

Women's cricket in India has started to get more support from companies who sponsor and provide financial help. These companies recognize that women's cricket is becoming popular and can bring in money. This support allows the players to get better training facilities, coaching, and more money, which helps the sport grow.

4. Developing Talent:

Efforts are being made to encourage women's cricket at the grassroots level in India. Tournaments and training programs are being organized to find and train talented young girls. This helps in building a strong team for the future.

1. Limited TV Coverage:

Even though there is more media coverage now, not all matches are shown on TV or online. This means that not everyone can watch the games, which can limit the growth of women's cricket.

2. Pay Difference:

Female cricketers in India still get paid much less than male cricketers. The difference in pay and endorsement deals is big. Closing this gap is important for recognizing and valuing the contribution of women's cricket and providing equal opportunities for female players.

The infrastructure and training facilities for women's cricket are not good enough in many places in India. Access to proper grounds, coaching, and resources is still a challenge for many female cricketers. Improving these facilities is important for the development and progress of women's cricket.

4. Cultural Barriers:

Society's views and stereotypes about women in sports can be a barrier to the recognition of women's cricket in India. Traditional roles and expectations may discourage girls from playing cricket. Overcoming these cultural barriers and promoting equality in sports are important for women's cricket to be recognized and accepted.

Women's cricket in India has made great progress in terms of achievements, media coverage, and financial support. The Indian women's cricket team is getting more attention, and young girls have more opportunities to play the sport. However, there are still challenges like limited TV coverage, pay differences, lack of facilities, and cultural barriers that need to be addressed. By working together and supporting women cricketers, we can ensure that women's cricket in India gets the recognition and appreciation it truly deserves.

16. Social Media & Society. [ AHSEC: 2024 ]

Social Media & Society

Introduction:

Social media has become an integral part of modern society, profoundly influencing the way individuals communicate, interact, and perceive the world around them. From connecting people across vast distances to shaping political discourse and cultural trends, the impact of social media on society is undeniable. This essay explores the various dimensions of this influence, examining both its positive and negative aspects.

Social Connectivity:

One of the most significant contributions of social media to society is its ability to facilitate connections and foster relationships. Platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram enable individuals to stay in touch with friends and family, regardless of geographical barriers. Moreover, social media has expanded the scope of social interactions, allowing people to form communities based on shared interests, hobbies, or identities. This interconnectedness has led to greater social cohesion and a sense of belonging among diverse groups of individuals.

Information Dissemination:

Social media serves as a powerful tool for the dissemination of information, enabling users to access news, updates, and opinions in real-time. With the rise of citizen journalism and user-generated content, traditional media outlets are no longer the sole gatekeepers of information. However, this democratization of news has also given rise to concerns regarding the spread of misinformation and fake news. The viral nature of social media can amplify false narratives, leading to widespread confusion and polarizing public discourse.

Cultural Influence:

The influence of social media on cultural norms and behaviors cannot be overstated. Platforms like TikTok and YouTube have transformed the way people consume and create content, giving rise to new forms of expression and entertainment. Moreover, social media influencers wield significant sway over consumer trends and popular culture, often shaping societal values and aspirations. However, this influence is not always benign, as it can promote unrealistic beauty standards, materialism, and superficiality.

Political Engagement:

Social media has emerged as a potent tool for political mobilization and activism, empowering individuals to voice their opinions and hold governments and institutions accountable. Movements like the Arab Spring and Black Lives Matter have demonstrated the power of social media in galvanizing collective action and effecting social change. However, the proliferation of echo chambers and filter bubbles on social media platforms has also contributed to political polarization and the spread of misinformation, undermining democratic discourse.

Privacy and Mental Health :

The widespread use of social media has raised significant concerns about privacy and its impact on mental health. Users often sacrifice privacy for the sake of connectivity, sharing personal information and experiences with millions of strangers online. This erosion of privacy can have far-reaching consequences, from identity theft and cyberbullying to psychological distress and addiction. Moreover, the curated nature of social media feeds can exacerbate feelings of inadequacy and low self-esteem, as individuals compare their lives to carefully crafted depictions of others.

In conclusion, social media exerts a profound influence on modern society, shaping the way people communicate, consume information, and engage with the world around them. While it offers unprecedented opportunities for social connectivity, cultural expression, and political activism, it also poses significant challenges in terms of privacy, misinformation, and mental health. As society continues to grapple with the ramifications of the digital age, it is essential to approach social media use with caution and critical awareness, striving to harness its potential for positive change while mitigating its negative consequences.

17. Write essay on " Benefits of G-20 ". [AHSEC: 2024]

Title : Indian Hockey vs. IPL Cricket: A Comparative Analysis

India boasts a rich sporting heritage, with hockey and cricket standing out as two of the most popular and storied disciplines. While hockey has been the traditional national sport, cricket, especially in the form of the Indian Premier League (IPL), has gained immense popularity in recent years. This essay aims to provide a comparative analysis of Indian hockey and IPL cricket, exploring various aspects such as historical significance, cultural impact, popularity, and global recognition.

1. Historical Significance :

Hockey holds a special place in India's sporting history, with the country winning eight Olympic gold medals between 1928 and 1980. The sport has deep roots in Indian culture and tradition, often referred to as the "national game." In contrast, IPL cricket emerged in 2008 as a domestic Twenty20 cricket league, revolutionizing the sport and elevating its status in the country. While hockey has a longer and more storied history, the IPL has quickly become a significant fixture in India's sporting landscape.

2. Cultural Impact :

Both hockey and IPL cricket have left a profound imprint on Indian culture and society. Hockey is celebrated for its traditional values, team spirit, and patriotic fervor, with iconic moments etched in the nation's collective memory. On the other hand, the IPL has transformed cricket into a spectacle, blending sport with entertainment through its glitzy franchises, celebrity owners, and high-octane matches. While hockey evokes a sense of national pride, the IPL reflects India's vibrant and evolving cultural landscape.

3. Popularity :

In terms of popularity, IPL cricket has overshadowed hockey in recent years, attracting massive viewership, sponsorship deals, and fan engagement. The IPL's combination of star players, competitive matches, and innovative formats has captivated audiences across demographics, making it one of the most-watched sporting events in the world. In contrast, hockey has struggled to maintain its relevance amid declining performances and limited exposure, especially at the domestic level.

4. Global Recognition:

While hockey enjoys a strong international following and success on the global stage, particularly in tournaments such as the Olympics and World Cup, IPL cricket has propelled Indian cricket to unprecedented heights of global recognition and commercial success. The IPL has become a magnet for top cricketing talent from around the world, attracting players, coaches, and fans alike. In contrast, Indian hockey has faced challenges in maintaining its competitive edge and visibility on the international circuit.

In conclusion, Indian hockey and IPL cricket represent two distinct yet intertwined facets of the country's sporting ethos. While hockey embodies tradition, national pride, and sporting excellence, the IPL symbolizes innovation, entertainment, and commercialization. Both sports have contributed significantly to India's sporting legacy and cultural identity, albeit in different ways. Moving forward, it is essential to strike a balance between preserving the heritage of hockey and harnessing the potential of IPL cricket to ensure the continued growth and success of both sports in India.

Also Read: AHSEC Class 12 Alternative English Solution 2024

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