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How to Prepare a Financial Plan for Startup Business (w/ example)

Free Financial Statements Template

Ajay Jagtap

• December 7, 2023

13 Min Read

If someone were to ask you about your business financials, could you give them a detailed answer?

Let’s say they ask—how do you allocate your operating expenses? What is your cash flow situation like? What is your exit strategy? And a series of similar other questions.

Instead of mumbling what to answer or shooting in the dark, as a founder, you must prepare yourself to answer this line of questioning—and creating a financial plan for your startup is the best way to do it.

A business plan’s financial plan section is no easy task—we get that.

But, you know what—this in-depth guide and financial plan example can make forecasting as simple as counting on your fingertips.

Ready to get started? Let’s begin by discussing startup financial planning.

What is Startup Financial Planning?

Startup financial planning, in simple terms, is a process of planning the financial aspects of a new business. It’s an integral part of a business plan and comprises its three major components: balance sheet, income statement, and cash-flow statement.

Apart from these statements, your financial section may also include revenue and sales forecasts, assets & liabilities, break-even analysis , and more. Your first financial plan may not be very detailed, but you can tweak and update it as your company grows.

Key Takeaways

• Realistic assumptions, thorough research, and a clear understanding of the market are the key to reliable financial projections.
• Cash flow projection, balance sheet, and income statement are three major components of a financial plan.
• Preparing a financial plan is easier and faster when you use a financial planning tool.
• Exploring “what-if” scenarios is an ideal method to understand the potential risks and opportunities involved in the business operations.

Why is Financial Planning Important to Your Startup?

Poor financial planning is one of the biggest reasons why most startups fail. In fact, a recent CNBC study reported that running out of cash was the reason behind 44% of startup failures in 2022.

A well-prepared financial plan provides a clear financial direction for your business, helps you set realistic financial objectives, create accurate forecasts, and shows your business is committed to its financial objectives.

It’s a key element of your business plan for winning potential investors. In fact, YC considered recent financial statements and projections to be critical elements of their Series A due diligence checklist .

Your financial plan demonstrates how your business manages expenses and generates revenue and helps them understand where your business stands today and in 5 years.

Makes sense why financial planning is important to your startup, doesn’t it? Let’s cut to the chase and discuss the key components of a startup’s financial plan.

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Key Components of a Startup Financial Plan

Whether creating a financial plan from scratch for a business venture or just modifying it for an existing one, here are the key components to consider including in your startup’s financial planning process.

Income Statement

An Income statement , also known as a profit-and-loss statement(P&L), shows your company’s income and expenditures. It also demonstrates how your business experienced any profit or loss over a given time.

Consider it as a snapshot of your business that shows the feasibility of your business idea. An income statement can be generated considering three scenarios: worst, expected, and best.

Your income or P&L statement must list the following:

• Cost of goods or cost of sale
• Gross margin
• Operating expenses
• Revenue streams
• EBITDA (Earnings before interest, tax, depreciation , & amortization )

Established businesses can prepare annual income statements, whereas new businesses and startups should consider preparing monthly statements.

Cash flow Statement

A cash flow statement is one of the most critical financial statements for startups that summarize your business’s cash in-and-out flows over a given time.

This section provides details on the cash position of your business and its ability to meet monetary commitments on a timely basis.

Your cash flow projection consists of the following three components:

✅ Cash revenue projection: Here, you must enter each month’s estimated or expected sales figures.

✅ Cash disbursements: List expenditures that you expect to pay in cash for each month over one year.

✅ Cash flow reconciliation: Cash flow reconciliation is a process used to ensure the accuracy of cash flow projections. The adjusted amount is the cash flow balance carried over to the next month.

Furthermore, a company’s cash flow projections can be crucial while assessing liquidity, its ability to generate positive cash flows and pay off debts, and invest in growth initiatives.

Balance Sheet

Your balance sheet is a financial statement that reports your company’s assets, liabilities, and shareholder equity at a given time.

Consider it as a snapshot of what your business owns and owes, as well as the amount invested by the shareholders.

This statement consists of three parts: assets , liabilities, and the balance calculated by the difference between the first two. The final numbers on this sheet reflect the business owner’s equity or value.

Balance sheets follow the following accounting equation with assets on one side and liabilities plus Owner’s equity on the other:

Here is what’s the core purpose of having a balance-sheet:

• Indicates the capital need of the business
• It helps to identify the allocation of resources
• It calculates the requirement of seed money you put up, and
• How much finance is required?

Since it helps investors understand the condition of your business on a given date, it’s a financial statement you can’t miss out on.

Break-even Analysis

Break-even analysis is a startup or small business accounting practice used to determine when a company, product, or service will become profitable.

For instance, a break-even analysis could help you understand how many candles you need to sell to cover your warehousing and manufacturing costs and start making profits.

Remember, anything you sell beyond the break-even point will result in profit.

You must be aware of your fixed and variable costs to accurately determine your startup’s break-even point.

• Fixed costs: fixed expenses that stay the same no matter what.
• Variable costs: expenses that fluctuate over time depending on production or sales.

A break-even point helps you smartly price your goods or services, cover fixed costs, catch missing expenses, and set sales targets while helping investors gain confidence in your business. No brainer—why it’s a key component of your startup’s financial plan.

Having covered all the key elements of a financial plan, let’s discuss how you can create a financial plan for your startup.

How to Create a Financial Section of a Startup Business Plan?

1. determine your financial needs.

You can’t start financial planning without understanding your financial requirements, can you? Get your notepad or simply open a notion doc; it’s time for some critical thinking.

Start by assessing your current situation by—calculating your income, expenses , assets, and liabilities, what the startup costs are, how much you have against them, and how much financing you need.

Assessing your current financial situation and health will help determine how much capital you need for your startup and help plan fundraising activities and outreach.

Furthermore, determining financial needs helps prioritize operational activities and expenses, effectively allocate resources, and increase the viability and sustainability of a business in the long run.

Having learned to determine financial needs, let’s head straight to setting financial goals.

2. Define Your Financial Goals

Setting realistic financial goals is fundamental in preparing an effective financial plan. So, it would help to outline your long-term strategies and goals at the beginning of your financial planning process.

Let’s understand it this way—if you are a SaaS startup pursuing VC financing rounds, you may ask investors about what matters to them the most and prepare your financial plan accordingly.

However, a coffee shop owner seeking a business loan may need to create a plan that appeals to banks, not investors. At the same time, an internal financial plan designed to offer financial direction and resource allocation may not be the same as previous examples, seeing its different use case.

Feeling overwhelmed? Just define your financial goals—you’ll be fine.

You can start by identifying your business KPIs (key performance indicators); it would be an ideal starting point.

3. Choose the Right Financial Planning Tool

Let’s face it—preparing a financial plan using Excel is no joke. One would only use this method if they had all the time in the world.

Having the right financial planning software will simplify and speed up the process and guide you through creating accurate financial forecasts.

Many financial planning software and tools claim to be the ideal solution, but it’s you who will identify and choose a tool that is best for your financial planning needs.

Create a Financial Plan with Upmetrics in no time

Enter your Financial Assumptions, and we’ll calculate your monthly/quarterly and yearly financial projections.

Start Forecasting

4. Make Assumptions Before Projecting Financials

Once you have a financial planning tool, you can move forward to the next step— making financial assumptions for your plan based on your company’s current performance and past financial records.

You’re just making predictions about your company’s financial future, so there’s no need to overthink or complicate the process.

You can gather your business’ historical financial data, market trends, and other relevant documents to help create a base for accurate financial projections.

After you have developed rough assumptions and a good understanding of your business finances, you can move forward to the next step—projecting financials.

5. Prepare Realistic Financial Projections

It’s a no-brainer—financial forecasting is the most critical yet challenging aspect of financial planning. However, it’s effortless if you’re using a financial planning software.

Upmetrics’ forecasting feature can help you project financials for up to 7 years. However, new startups usually consider planning for the next five years. Although it can be contradictory considering your financial goals and investor specifications.

Following are the two key aspects of your financial projections:

Revenue Projections

In simple terms, revenue projections help investors determine how much revenue your business plans to generate in years to come.

It generally involves conducting market research, determining pricing strategy , and cash flow analysis—which we’ve already discussed in the previous steps.

The following are the key components of an accurate revenue projection report:

• Market analysis
• Sales forecast
• Pricing strategy
• Growth assumptions
• Seasonal variations

This is a critical section for pre-revenue startups, so ensure your projections accurately align with your startup’s financial model and revenue goals.

Expense Projections

Both revenue and expense projections are correlated to each other. As revenue forecasts projected revenue assumptions, expense projections will estimate expenses associated with operating your business.

Accurately estimating your expenses will help in effective cash flow analysis and proper resource allocation.

These are the most common costs to consider while projecting expenses:

• Fixed costs
• Variable costs
• Employee costs or payroll expenses
• Operational expenses
• Marketing and advertising expenses
• Emergency fund

Remember, realistic assumptions, thorough research, and a clear understanding of your market are the key to reliable financial projections.

6. Consider “What if” Scenarios

After you project your financials, it’s time to test your assumptions with what-if analysis, also known as sensitivity analysis.

Using what-if analysis with different scenarios while projecting your financials will increase transparency and help investors better understand your startup’s future with its best, expected, and worst-case scenarios.

Exploring “what-if” scenarios is the best way to better understand the potential risks and opportunities involved in business operations. This proactive exercise will help you make strategic decisions and necessary adjustments to your financial plan.

7. Build a Visual Report

If you’ve closely followed the steps leading to this, you know how to research for financial projections, create a financial plan, and test assumptions using “what-if” scenarios.

Now, we’ll prepare visual reports to present your numbers in a visually appealing and easily digestible format.

Don’t worry—it’s no extra effort. You’ve already made a visual report while creating your financial plan and forecasting financials.

Check the dashboard to see the visual presentation of your projections and reports, and use the necessary financial data, diagrams, and graphs in the final draft of your financial plan.

Here’s what Upmetrics’ dashboard looks like:

8. Monitor and Adjust Your Financial Plan

Even though it’s not a primary step in creating a good financial plan, it’s quite essential to regularly monitor and adjust your financial plan to ensure the assumptions you made are still relevant, and you are heading in the right direction.

There are multiple ways to monitor your financial plan.

For instance, you can compare your assumptions with actual results to ensure accurate projections based on metrics like new customers acquired and acquisition costs, net profit, and gross margin.

Consider making necessary adjustments if your assumptions are not resonating with actual numbers.

Also, keep an eye on whether the changes you’ve identified are having the desired effect by monitoring their implementation.

And that was the last step in our financial planning guide. However, it’s not the end. Have a look at this financial plan example.

Startup Financial Plan Example

Having learned about financial planning, let’s quickly discuss a coffee shop startup financial plan example prepared using Upmetrics.

Important Assumptions

• The sales forecast is conservative and assumes a 5% increase in Year 2 and a 10% in Year 3.
• The analysis accounts for economic seasonality – wherein some months revenues peak (such as holidays ) and wanes in slower months.
• The analysis assumes the owner will not withdraw any salary till the 3rd year; at any time it is assumed that the owner’s withdrawal is available at his discretion.
• Sales are cash basis – nonaccrual accounting
• Moderate ramp- up in staff over the 5 years forecast
• Barista salary in the forecast is $36,000 in 2023.
• In general, most cafes have an 85% gross profit margin
• In general, most cafes have a 3% net profit margin

Projected Balance Sheet

Projected Cash-Flow Statement

Projected Profit & Loss Statement

Break Even Analysis

Start Preparing Your Financial Plan

We covered everything about financial planning in this guide, didn’t we? Although it doesn’t fulfill our objective to the fullest—we want you to finish your financial plan.

Sounds like a tough job? We have an easy way out for you—Upmetrics’ financial forecasting feature. Simply enter your financial assumptions, and let it do the rest.

So what are you waiting for? Try Upmetrics and create your financial plan in a snap.

Build your Business Plan Faster

with step-by-step Guidance & AI Assistance.

Frequently Asked Questions

How often should i update my financial projections.

Well, there is no particular rule about it. However, reviewing and updating your financial plan once a year is considered an ideal practice as it ensures that the financial aspirations you started and the projections you made are still relevant.

How do I estimate startup costs accurately?

You can estimate your startup costs by identifying and factoring various one-time, recurring, and hidden expenses. However, using a financial forecasting tool like Upmetrics will ensure accurate costs while speeding up the process.

What financial ratios should startups pay attention to?

Here’s a list of financial ratios every startup owner should keep an eye on:

• Net profit margin
• Current ratio
• Quick ratio
• Working capital
• Return on equity
• Debt-to-equity ratio
• Return on assets
• Debt-to-asset ratio

What are the 3 different scenarios in scenario analysis?

As discussed earlier, Scenario analysis is the process of ascertaining and analyzing possible events that can occur in the future. Startups or businesses often consider analyzing these three scenarios:

• base-case (expected) scenario
• Worst-case scenario
• best case scenario.

About the Author

Ajay is a SaaS writer and personal finance blogger who has been active in the space for over three years, writing about startups, business planning, budgeting, credit cards, and other topics related to personal finance. If not writing, he’s probably having a power nap. Read more

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Business Financial Plan Example: Strategies and Best Practices

Any successful endeavor begins with a robust plan – and running a prosperous business is no exception. Careful strategic planning acts as the bedrock on which companies build their future. One of the most critical aspects of this strategic planning is the creation of a detailed business financial plan. This plan serves as a guide, helping businesses navigate their way through the complex world of finance, including revenue projection, cost estimation, and capital expenditure, to name just a few elements. However, understanding what a business financial plan entails and how to implement it effectively can often be challenging. With multiple components to consider and various economic factors at play, the financial planning process may appear daunting to both new and established business owners.

This is where we come in. In this comprehensive article, we delve into the specifics of a business financial plan. We discuss its importance, the essential elements that make it up, and the steps to craft one successfully. Furthermore, we provide a practical example of a business financial plan in action, drawing upon real-world-like scenarios and strategies. By presenting the best practices and demonstrating how to employ them, we aim to equip business owners and entrepreneurs with the tools they need to create a robust, realistic, and efficient business financial plan. This in-depth guide will help you understand not only how to plan your business finances but also how to use this plan as a roadmap, leading your business towards growth, profitability, and overall financial success. Whether you're a seasoned business owner aiming to refine your financial strategies or an aspiring entrepreneur at the beginning of your journey, this article is designed to guide you through the intricacies of business financial planning and shed light on the strategies that can help your business thrive.

Understanding a Business Financial Plan

At its core, a business financial plan is a strategic blueprint that sets forth how a company will manage and navigate its financial operations, guiding the organization towards its defined fiscal objectives. It encompasses several critical aspects of a business's financial management, such as revenue projection, cost estimation, capital expenditure, cash flow management, and investment strategies.

Revenue projection is an estimate of the revenue a business expects to generate within a specific period. It's often based on market research, historical data, and educated assumptions about future market trends. Cost estimation, on the other hand, involves outlining the expenses a business anticipates incurring in its operations. Together, revenue projection and cost estimation can give a clear picture of a company's expected profitability. Capital expenditure refers to the funds a company allocates towards the purchase or maintenance of long-term assets like machinery, buildings, and equipment. Understanding capital expenditure is vital as it can significantly impact a business's operational capacity and future profitability. The cash flow management aspect of a business financial plan involves monitoring, analyzing, and optimizing the company's cash inflows and outflows. A healthy cash flow ensures that a business can meet its short-term obligations, invest in its growth, and provide a buffer for future uncertainties. Lastly, a company's investment strategies are crucial for its growth and sustainability. They might include strategies for raising capital, such as issuing shares or securing loans, or strategies for investing surplus cash, like purchasing assets or investing in market securities.

A well-developed business financial plan, therefore, doesn't just portray the company's current financial status; it also serves as a roadmap for the business's fiscal operations, enabling it to navigate towards its financial goals. The plan acts as a guide, providing insights that help business owners make informed decisions, whether they're about day-to-day operations or long-term strategic choices. In a nutshell, a business financial plan is a key tool in managing a company's financial resources effectively and strategically. It allows businesses to plan for growth, prepare for uncertainties, and strive for financial sustainability and success.

Essential Elements of a Business Financial Plan

A comprehensive financial plan contains several crucial elements, including:

• Sales Forecast : The sales forecast represents the business's projected sales revenues. It is often broken down into segments such as products, services, or regions.
• Expenses Budget : This portion of the plan outlines the anticipated costs of running the business. It includes fixed costs (rent, salaries) and variable costs (marketing, production).
• Cash Flow Statement : This statement records the cash that comes in and goes out of a business, effectively portraying its liquidity.
• Income Statements : Also known as profit and loss statements, income statements provide an overview of the business's profitability over a given period.
• Balance Sheet : This snapshot of a company's financial health shows its assets, liabilities, and equity.

Crafting a Business Financial Plan: The Steps

Developing a business financial plan requires careful analysis and planning. Here are the steps involved:

Step 1: Set Clear Financial Goals

The initial stage in crafting a robust business financial plan involves the establishment of clear, measurable financial goals. These objectives serve as your business's financial targets and compass, guiding your company's financial strategy. These goals can be short-term, such as improving quarterly sales or reducing monthly overhead costs, or they can be long-term, such as expanding the business to a new location within five years or doubling the annual revenue within three years. The goals might include specific targets such as increasing revenue by a particular percentage, reducing costs by a specific amount, or achieving a certain profit margin. Setting clear goals provides a target to aim for and allows you to measure your progress over time.

Step 2: Create a Sales Forecast

The cornerstone of any business financial plan is a robust sales forecast. This element of the plan involves predicting the sales your business will make over a given period. This estimate should be based on comprehensive market research, historical sales data, an understanding of industry trends, and the impact of any marketing or promotional activities. Consider the business's growth rate, the overall market size, and seasonal fluctuations in demand. Remember, your sales forecast directly influences the rest of your financial plan, particularly your budgets for expenses and cash flow, so it's critical to make it as accurate and realistic as possible.

Step 3: Prepare an Expense Budget

The next step involves preparing a comprehensive expense budget that covers all the costs your business is likely to incur. This includes fixed costs, such as rent or mortgage payments, salaries, insurance, and other overheads that remain relatively constant regardless of your business's level of output. It also includes variable costs, such as raw materials, inventory, marketing and advertising expenses, and other costs that fluctuate in direct proportion to the level of goods or services you produce. By understanding your expense budget, you can determine how much revenue your business needs to generate to cover costs and become profitable.

Step 4: Develop a Cash Flow Statement

One of the most crucial elements of your financial plan is the cash flow statement. This document records all the cash that enters and leaves your business, presenting a clear picture of your company's liquidity. Regularly updating your cash flow statement allows you to monitor the cash in hand and foresee any potential shortfalls. It helps you understand when cash comes into your business from sales and when cash goes out of your business due to expenses, giving you insights into your financial peaks and troughs and enabling you to manage your cash resources more effectively.

Step 5: Prepare Income Statements and Balance Sheets

Another vital part of your business financial plan includes the preparation of income statements and balance sheets. An income statement, also known as a Profit & Loss (P&L) statement, provides an overview of your business's profitability over a certain period. It subtracts the total expenses from total revenue to calculate net income, providing valuable insights into the profitability of your operations.

On the other hand, the balance sheet provides a snapshot of your company's financial health at a specific point in time. It lists your company's assets (what the company owns), liabilities (what the company owes), and equity (the owner's or shareholders' investment in the business). These documents help you understand where your business stands financially, whether it's making a profit, and how your assets, liabilities, and equity balance out.

Step 6: Revise Your Plan Regularly

It's important to remember that a financial plan is not a static document, but rather a living, evolving roadmap that should adapt to your business's changing circumstances and market conditions. As such, regular reviews and updates are crucial. By continually revisiting and revising your plan, you can ensure it remains accurate, relevant, and effective. You can adjust your forecasts as needed, respond to changes in the business environment, and stay on track towards achieving your financial goals. By doing so, you're not only keeping your business financially healthy but also setting the stage for sustained growth and success.

Business Financial Plan Example: Joe’s Coffee Shop

Now, let's look at a practical example of a financial plan for a hypothetical business, Joe’s Coffee Shop.

Sales Forecast

When constructing his sales forecast, Joe takes into account several significant factors. He reviews his historical sales data, identifies and understands current market trends, and evaluates the impact of any upcoming promotional events. With his coffee shop located in a bustling area, Joe expects to sell approximately 200 cups of coffee daily. Each cup is priced at $5, which gives him a daily sales prediction of $1000. Multiplying this figure by 365 (days in a year), his forecast for Year 1 is an annual revenue of $365,000. This projection provides Joe with a financial target to aim for and serves as a foundation for his further financial planning. It is worth noting that Joe's sales forecast may need adjustments throughout the year based on actual performance and changes in the market or business environment.

Expenses Budget

To run his coffee shop smoothly, Joe has identified several fixed and variable costs he'll need to budget for. His fixed costs, which are costs that will not change regardless of his coffee shop's sales volume, include rent, which is $2000 per month, salaries for his employees, which total $8000 per month, and utilities like electricity and water, which add up to about $500 per month.

In addition to these fixed costs, Joe also has variable costs to consider. These are costs that fluctuate depending on his sales volume and include the price of coffee beans, milk, sugar, and pastries, which he sells alongside his coffee. After a careful review of all these expenses, Joe estimates that his total annual expenses will be around $145,000. This comprehensive expense budget provides a clearer picture of how much Joe needs to earn in sales to cover his costs and achieve profitability.

Cash Flow Statement

With a clear understanding of his expected sales revenue and expenses, Joe can now proceed to develop a cash flow statement. This statement provides a comprehensive overview of all the cash inflows and outflows within his business. When Joe opened his coffee shop, he invested an initial capital of $50,000. He expects that the monthly cash inflows from sales will be about $30,417 (which is his annual revenue of $365,000 divided by 12), and his monthly cash outflows for expenses will amount to approximately $12,083 (his total annual expenses of $145,000 divided by 12). The cash flow statement gives Joe insights into his business's liquidity. It helps him track when and where his cash is coming from and where it is going. This understanding can assist him in managing his cash resources effectively and ensure he has sufficient cash to meet his business's operational needs and financial obligations.

Income Statement and Balance Sheet

With the figures from his sales forecast, expense budget, and cash flow statement, Joe can prepare his income statement and balance sheet. The income statement, or Profit & Loss (P&L) statement, reveals the profitability of Joe's coffee shop. It calculates the net profit by subtracting the total expenses from total sales revenue. In Joe's case, this means his net profit for Year 1 is expected to be $220,000 ($365,000 in revenue minus $145,000 in expenses).

The balance sheet, on the other hand, provides a snapshot of the coffee shop's financial position at a specific point in time. It includes Joe's initial capital investment of $50,000, his assets like coffee machines, furniture, and inventory, and his liabilities, which might include any loans he took to start the business and accounts payable.

The income statement and balance sheet not only reflect the financial health of Joe's coffee shop but also serve as essential tools for making informed business decisions and strategies. By continually monitoring and updating these statements, Joe can keep his finger on the pulse of his business's financial performance and make necessary adjustments to ensure sustained profitability and growth.

Best Practices in Business Financial Planning

While crafting a business financial plan, consider the following best practices:

• Realistic Projections : Ensure your forecasts are realistic, based on solid data and reasonable assumptions.
• Scenario Planning : Plan for best-case, worst-case, and most likely scenarios. This will help you prepare for different eventualities.
• Regular Reviews : Regularly review and update your plan to reflect changes in business conditions.
• Seek Professional Help : If you are unfamiliar with financial planning, consider seeking assistance from a financial consultant.

The importance of a meticulously prepared business financial plan cannot be overstated. It forms the backbone of any successful business, steering it towards a secure financial future. Creating a solid financial plan requires a blend of careful analysis, precise forecasting, clear and measurable goal setting, prudent budgeting, and efficient cash flow management. The process may seem overwhelming at first, especially for budding entrepreneurs. However, it's crucial to understand that financial planning is not an event, but rather an ongoing process. This process involves constant monitoring, evaluation, and continuous updating of the financial plan as the business grows and market conditions change.

The strategies and best practices outlined in this article offer an invaluable framework for any entrepreneur or business owner embarking on the journey of creating a financial plan. It provides insights into essential elements such as setting clear financial goals, creating a sales forecast, preparing an expense budget, developing a cash flow statement, and preparing income statements and balance sheets. Moreover, the example of Joe and his coffee shop gives a practical, real-world illustration of how these elements come together to form a coherent and effective financial plan. This example demonstrates how a robust financial plan can help manage resources more efficiently, make better-informed decisions, and ultimately lead to financial success.

Remember, every grand journey begins with a single step. In the realm of business, this step is creating a well-crafted, comprehensive, and realistic business financial plan. By following the guidelines and practices suggested in this article, you are laying the foundation for financial stability, profitability, and long-term success for your business. Start your journey today, and let the road to financial success unfold.

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4 Steps to Creating a Financial Plan for Your Small Business

When it comes to long-term business success, preparation is the name of the game. And the key to that preparation is a solid financial plan that sets forth a business’s short- and long-term financial goals and how it intends to reach them. Used by company decision-makers and potential partners, investors and lenders, alike, a financial plan typically includes the company’s sales forecast, cash flow projection, expected expenses, key financial metrics and more. Here is what small businesses should understand to create a comprehensive financial plan of their own.

What Is a Financial Plan?

A financial plan is a document that businesses use to detail and manage their finances, ensure efficient allocation of resources and inform a plethora of decisions — everything from setting prices, to expanding the business, to optimizing operations, to name just a few. The financial plan provides a clear understanding of the company’s current financial standing; outlines its strategies, goals and projections; makes clear whether an idea is sustainable and worthy of investment; and monitors the business’s financial health as it grows and matures. Financial plans can be adjusted over time as forecasts become replaced with real-world results and market forces change.

A financial plan is an integral part of an overall business plan, ensuring financial objectives align with overall business goals. It typically contains a description of the business, financial statements, personnel plan, risk analysis and relevant key performance indicators (KPIs) and ratios. By providing a comprehensive view of the company’s finances and future goals, financial plans also assist in attracting investors and other sources of funding.

Key Takeaways

• A financial plan details a business’s current standing and helps business leaders make informed decisions about future endeavors and strategies.
• A financial plan includes three major financial statements: the income statement, balance sheet and cash flow statement.
• A financial plan answers essential questions and helps track progress toward goals.
• Financial management software gives decision-makers the tools they need to make strategic decisions.

Why Is a Financial Plan Important to Your Small Business?

A financial plan can provide small businesses with greater confidence in their short- and long-term endeavors by helping them determine ways to best allocate and invest their resources. The process of creating the plan forces businesses to think through how different decisions could impact revenue and which occasions call for dipping into reserve funds. It’s also a helpful tool for monitoring performance, managing cash flow and tracking financial metrics.

Simply put, a financial plan shows where the business stands; over time, its analysis will reveal whether its investments were worthwhile and worth repeating. In addition, when a business is courting potential partners, investors and lenders, the financial plan spotlights the business’s commitment to spending wisely and meeting its financial obligations.

Benefits of a Financial Plan

A financial plan is only as effective as the data foundation it’s built on and the business’s flexibility to revisit it amid changing market forces and demand shifts. Done correctly, a financial plan helps small businesses stay on track so they can reach their short-term and long-term goals. Among the benefits that effective financial planning delivers:

• A clear view of goals and objectives: As with any type of business plan, it’s imperative that everyone in a company is on the same financial page. With clear responsibilities and expected results mapped out, every team member from the top down sees what needs to be done, when to do it and why.
• More accurate budgets and projections: A comprehensive financial plan leads to realistic budgets that allocate resources appropriately and plan for future revenue and expenses. Financial projections also help small businesses lay out steps to maintain business continuity during periods of cash flow volatility or market uncertainty.
• External funding opportunities: With a detailed financial plan in hand, potential partners, lenders and investors can see exactly where their money will go and how it will be used. The inclusion of stellar financial records, including past and current liabilities, can also assure external funding sources that they will be repaid.
• Performance monitoring and course correction: Small businesses can continue to benefit from their financial plans long after the plan has been created. By continuously monitoring results and comparing them with initial projections, businesses have the opportunity to adjust their plans as needed.

Components of a Small Business Financial Plan

A sound financial plan is instrumental to the success and stability of a small business. Whether the business is starting from scratch or modifying its plan, the best financial plans include the following elements:

Income statement: The income statement reports the business’s net profit or loss over a specific period of time, such a month, quarter or year. Also known as a profit-and-loss statement (P&L) or pro forma income statement, the income statement includes the following elements:

• Cost of goods sold (COGS): The direct costs involved in producing goods or services.
• Operating expenses: Rent, utilities and other costs involved in running the business.
• Revenue streams: Usually in the form of sales and subscription services, among other sources.
• Total net profit or loss: Derived from the total amount of sales less expenses and taxes.

Balance sheet: The balance sheet reports the business’s current financial standing, focusing on what it owns, what it owes and shareholder equity:

• Assets: Available cash, goods and other owned resources.
• Liabilities: Amounts owed to suppliers, personnel, landlords, creditors, etc.

Shareholder equity: Measures the company’s net worth, calculated with this formula:

Shareholder Equity = Assets – Liability

The balance sheet lists assets, liabilities and equity in chart format, with assets in the left column and liabilities and equity on the right. When complete — and as the name implies —the two sides should balance out to zero, as shown on the sample balance sheet below. The balance sheet is used with other financial statements to calculate business financial ratios (discussed soon).

Balance Sheet

Cash flow projection: Cash flow projection is a part of the cash flow statement , which is perhaps one of the most critical aspects of a financial plan. After all, businesses run on cash. The cash flow statement documents how much cash came in and went out of the business during a specific time period. This reveals its liquidity, meaning how much cash it has on hand. The cash flow projection should display how much cash a business currently has, where it’s going, where future cash will come from and a schedule for each activity.

Personnel plan: A business needs the right people to meet its goals and maintain a healthy cash flow. A personnel plan looks at existing positions, helps determine when it’s time to bring on more team members and determines whether new hires should be full-time, part-time or work on a contractual basis. It also examines compensation levels, including benefits, and forecasts those costs against potential business growth to gauge whether the potential benefits of new hires justify the expense.

Business ratios: In addition to a big-picture view of the business, decision-makers will need to drill down to specific aspects of the business to understand how individual areas are performing. Business ratios , such as net profit margin, return on equity, accounts payable turnover, assets to sales, working capital and total debt to total assets, help evaluate the business’s financial health. Data used to calculate these ratios come from the P&L statement, balance sheet and cash flow statement. Business ratios contextualize financial data — for example, net profit margin shows the profitability of a company’s operations in relation to its revenue. They are often used to help request funding from a bank or investor, as well.

Sales forecast: How much will you sell in a specific period? A sales forecast needs to be an ongoing part of any planning process since it helps predict cash flow and the organization’s overall health. A forecast needs to be consistent with the sales number within your P&L statement. Organizing and segmenting your sales forecast will depend on how thoroughly you want to track sales and the business you have. For example, if you own a hotel and giftshop, you may want to track separately sales from guests staying the night and sales from the shop.

Cash flow projection: Perhaps one of the most critical aspects of your financial plan is your cash flow statement . Your business runs on cash. Understanding how much cash is coming in and when to expect it shows the difference between your profit and cash position. It should display how much cash you have now, where it’s going, where it will come from and a schedule for each activity.

Income projections: Businesses can use their sales forecasts to estimate how much money they are on track to make in a given period, usually a year. This income projection is calculated by subtracting anticipated expenses from revenue. In some cases, the income projection is rolled into the P&L statement.

Assets and liabilities: Assets and liabilities appear on the business’s balance sheet. Assets are what a company owns and are typically divided into current and long-term assets. Current assets can be converted into cash within a year and include stocks, inventory and accounts receivable. Long-term assets are tangible or fixed assets designed for long-term use, such as furniture, fixtures, buildings, machinery and vehicles.

Liabilities are business obligations that are also classified as current and long-term. Current liabilities are due to be paid within a year and include accrued payroll, taxes payable and short-term loans. Long-term liabilities include shareholder loans or bank debt that mature more than a year later.

Break-even analysis: The break-even point is how much a business must sell to exactly cover all of its fixed and variable expenses, including COGS, salaries and rent. When revenue exceeds expenses, the business makes a profit. The break-even point is used to guide sales revenue and volume goals; determination requires first calculating contribution margin , which is the amount of sales revenue a company has, less its variable costs, to put toward paying its fixed costs. Businesses can use break-even analyses to better evaluate their expenses and calculate how much to mark up its goods and services to be able to turn a profit.

Four Steps to Create a Financial Plan for Your Small Business

Financial plans require deliberate planning and careful implementation. The following four steps can help small businesses get started and ensure their plans can help them achieve their goals.

Create a strategic plan

Before looking at any numbers, a strategic plan focuses on what the company wants to accomplish and what it needs to achieve its goals. Will it need to buy more equipment or hire additional staff? How will its goals affect cash flow? What other resources are needed to meet its goals? A strategic financial plan answers these questions and determines how the plan will impact the company’s finances. Creating a list of existing  expenses  and assets is also helpful and will inform the remaining financial planning steps.

Create financial projections

Financial projections should be based on  anticipated expenses and sales forecasts . These projections look at the business’s goals and estimate the costs needed to reach them in the face of a variety of potential scenarios, such as best-case, worst-case and most likely to happen. Accountants may be brought in to review the plan with stakeholders and suggest how to explain the plan to external audiences, such as investors and lenders.

Plan for contingencies

Financial plans should use data from the cash flow statement and balance sheet to inform worst-case scenario plans, such as when incoming cash dries up or the business takes an unexpected turn. Some common contingencies include keeping cash reserves or a substantial line of credit for quick access to funds during slow periods. Another option is to produce a plan to sell off assets to help break even.

Monitor and compare goals

Actual results in the cash flow statement, income projections and relevant business ratios should be analyzed throughout the year to see how closely real-life results adhered to projections. Regular check-ins also help businesses spot potential problems before they can get worse and inform course corrections.

Three Questions Your Financial Plan Should Answer

A small business financial plan should be tailored to the needs and expectations of its intended audience, whether it is potential investors, lenders, partners or internal stakeholders. Once the plan is created, all parties should, at minimum, understand:

How will the business make money?

What does the business need to achieve its goals?

What is the business’s  operating budget ?

Financial plans that don’t answer these questions will need more work. Otherwise, a business risks starting a new venture without a clear path forward, and decision-makers will lack the necessary insights that a detailed financial plan would have provided.

Improve Your Financial Planning With Financial Management Software

Using spreadsheets for financial planning may get the job done when a business is first getting started, but this approach can quickly become overwhelming, especially when collaborating with others and as the business grows.

NetSuite’s cloud-based financial management platform simplifies the labor-intensive process through automation. NetSuite Planning and Budgeting automatically consolidates real-time data for analysis, reporting and forecasting, thereby improving efficiency. With intuitive dashboards and sophisticated forecasting tools, businesses can create accurate financial plans, track progress and modify strategies in order to achieve and maintain long-term success. The solution also allows for scenario planning and workforce planning, plus prebuilt data synchronization with NetSuite ERP means the entire business is working with the same up-to-date information.

Whether a business is first getting started, looking to expand, trying to secure outside funding or monitoring its growth, it will need to create a financial plan. This plan lays out the business’s short- and long-term objectives, details its current and projected finances, specifies how it will invest its resources and helps track its progress. Not only does a financial plan guide the business along its way, but it is typically required by outside sources of funding that don’t invest or lend their money to just any company. Creating a financial plan may take some time, but successful small businesses know it is well worth the effort.

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Small Business Financial Plan FAQs

How do I write a small business financial plan?

Writing a small business financial plan is a four-step process. It begins with creating a strategic plan, which covers the company’s goals and what it needs to achieve them. The next step is to create financial projections, which are dependent on anticipating sales and expenses. Step three plans for contingencies: For example, what if the business were to lose a significant client? Finally, the business must monitor its goals, comparing actual results to projections and adjusting as needed.

What is the best financial statement for a small business?

The income statement, also known as the profit and loss (P&L) statement, is often considered the most important financial statement for small businesses, as it summarizes profits and losses and the business’s bottom line over a specific financial period. For financial plans, the cash flow statement and the balance sheet are also critical financial statements.

How often should businesses update their financial plans?

Financial plans can be updated whenever a business deems appropriate. Many businesses create three- and five-year plans and adjust them annually. If a market experiences a large shift, such as a spike in demand or an economic downturn, a financial plan may need to be updated to reflect the new market.

What are some common mistakes to avoid when creating a small business financial plan?

Some common mistakes to avoid when creating a small business financial plan include underestimating expenses, overestimating revenue, failing to plan for contingencies and adhering to plans too strictly when circumstances change. Plans should be regularly updated to reflect real-world results and current market trends.

How do I account for uncertainty and potential risks in my small business financial plan?

Small businesses can plan for uncertainty by maintaining cash reserves and opening lines of credit to cover periods of lower income or high expenses. Plans and projections should also take into account a variety of potential scenarios, from best case to worst case.

What is a typical business financial plan?

A typical business financial plan is a document that details a business’s goals, strategies and projections over a specific period of time. It is used as a roadmap for the organization’s financial activities and provides a framework for decision-making, resource allocation and performance evaluation.

What are the seven components of a financial plan?

Financial plans can vary to suit the business’s needs, but seven components to include are the income statement, operating income, net income, cash flow statement, balance sheet, financial projections and business ratios. Various financial key performance indicators and a break-even analysis are typically included as well.

What is an example of a financial plan?

A financial plan serves as a snapshot of the business’s current standing and how it plans to grow. For example, a restaurant looking to secure approval for a loan will be asked to provide a financial plan. This plan will include an executive summary of the business, a description and history of the company, market research into customer base and competition, sales and marketing strategies, key performance indicators and organizational structure. It will also include elements focusing on the future, such as financial projections, potential risks and funding requirements and strategies.

Financial Management

Small Business Financial Management: Tips, Importance and Challenges

It is remarkably difficult to start a small business. Only about half stay open for five years, and only a third make it to the 10-year mark. That’s why it’s vital to make every effort to succeed. And one of the most fundamental skills and tools for any small business owner is sound financial management.

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Simple Business Plan Template for Startups, Small Businesses & Entrepreneurs

Financial plan, what is a financial plan.

A business’ financial plan is the part of your business plan that details how your company will achieve its financial goals. It includes information on your company’s projected income, expenses, and cash flow in the form of a 5-Year Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Cash Flow Statement. The plan should also detail how much funding your company needs and the key uses of these funds.

The financial plan is an important part of the business plan, as it provides a framework for making financial decisions. It can be used to track progress and make adjustments as needed.

Why Your Financial Plan is Important

The financial section of your business plan details the financial implications of running your company. It is important for the following two reasons:

Making Informed Decisions

A financial plan provides a framework for making decisions about how to use your money. It can help you determine whether or not you can afford to make a major purchase, such as a new piece of equipment.

It can also help you decide how much money to reinvest in your business, and how much to save for paying taxes.

A financial plan is like a roadmap for your business. It can help you track your progress and make adjustments as needed. The plan can also help you identify potential problems before they arise.

For example, if your sales are below your projections, you may need to adjust your budget accordingly.

Your financial plan helps you understand how much outside funding is required, when your levels of cash might fall low, and what sales and other goals you need to hit to become financially viable.

Securing Funding

This section of your plan is absolutely critical if you are trying to secure funding. Your financial plan should include information on your revenue, expenses, and cash flow.

This information will help potential investors or lenders understand your business’s financial situation and decide whether or not to provide funding.

Include a detailed description of how you plan to use the funds you are requesting. For example, what are the key uses of the funds (e.g., purchasing equipment, paying staff, etc.) and what are the future timings of these financial outlays.

The financial information in your business plan should be realistic and accurate. Do not overstate your projected revenues or underestimate your expenses. This can lead to problems down the road.

Potential investors and lenders will be very interested in your future projections since it indicates whether you will be able to repay your loans and/or provide a nice return on investment (ROI) upon exit.

Financial Plan Template: 4 Components to Include in Your Financial Plan

The financial section of a business plan should have the following four sub-sections:

Revenue Model

Here you will detail how your company generates revenues. Oftentimes this is very straightforward, for instance, if you sell products. Other times, your answer might be more complex, such as if you’re selling subscriptions (particularly at different price/service levels) or if you are selling multiple products and services.

Financial Overview & Highlights

In developing your financial plan, you need to create full financial forecasts including the following financial statements.

5-Year Income Statement / Profit and Loss Statement

An income statement, also known as a profit and loss statement (P&L), shows how much revenue your business has generated over a specific period of time, and how much of that revenue has turned into profits. The statement includes your company’s revenues and expenses for a given time period, such as a month, quarter, or year. It can also show your company’s net income, which is the amount of money your company has made after all expenses have been paid.

5-Year Balance Sheet

A balance sheet shows a company’s financial position at a specific point in time. The balance sheet lists a company’s assets (what it owns), its liabilities (what it owes), and its equity (the difference between its assets and its liabilities).

The balance sheet is important because it shows a company’s financial health at a specific point in time. A strong balance sheet indicates that a company has the resources it needs to grow and expand. A weak balance sheet, on the other hand, may indicate that a company is struggling to pay its bills and may be at risk of bankruptcy.

5-Year Cash Flow Statement

A cash flow statement shows how much cash a company has on hand, as well as how much cash it is generating (or losing) over a specific period of time. The statement includes both operating and non-operating activities, such as revenue from sales, expenses, investing activities, and financing activities.

While your full financial projections will go in your Appendix, highlights of your financial projections will go in the Financial Plan section.

These highlights include your Total Revenue, Direct Expenses, Gross Profit, Other Expenses, EBITDA (Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization), and Net Income projections. Also include key assumptions used in creating these future projections such as revenue and cost growth rates.

Funding Requirements/Use of Funds

In this section, you will detail how much outside funding you require, if any, and the core uses of these funds.

For example, detail how much of the funding you need for:

• Product Development
• Product Manufacturing
• Rent or Office/Building Build-Out

Exit Strategy

If you are seeking equity capital, you need to explain your “exit strategy” here or how investors will “cash out” from their investment.

To add credibility to your exit strategy, conduct market research. Specifically, find other companies in your market who have exited in the past few years. Mention how they exited and the amounts of the exit (e.g., XYZ Corp. bought ABC Corp. for $Y).  

Business Plan Financial Plan FAQs

What is a financial plan template.

A financial plan template is a pre-formatted spreadsheet that you can use to create your own financial plan. The financial plan template includes formulas that will automatically calculate your revenue, expenses, and cash flow projections.

How Can I Download a Financial Plan Template?

Download Growthink’s Ultimate Business Plan Template which includes a complete financial plan template and more to help you write a solid business plan in hours.

How Do You Make Realistic Assumptions in Your Business Plan?

When forecasting your company’s future, you need to make realistic assumptions. Conduct market research and speak with industry experts to get a better idea of the key trends affecting your business and realistic growth rates.

You should also use historical data to help inform your projections. For example, if you are launching a new product, use past sales data to estimate how many units you might sell in Year 1, Year 2, etc.

Learn more about how to make the appropriate financial assumptions for your business plan.

How Do You Make the Proper Financial Projections for Your Business Plan?

Your business plan’s financial projections should be based on your business model and your market research. The goal is to make as realistic and achievable projections as possible.

To create a good financial projection, you need to understand your revenue model and your target market. Once you have this information, you can develop assumptions around revenue growth, cost of goods sold, margins, expenses, and other key metrics.

Once you have your assumptions set, you can plug them into a financial model to generate your projections.

Learn more about how to make the proper financial projections for your business plan.

What Financials Should Be Included in a Business Plan?

There are a few key financials that should be included in a traditional business plan format. These include the Income Statement, Balance Sheet, and Cash Flow Statement.

Income Statements, also called Profit and Loss Statements, will show your company’s expected income and expense projections over a specific period of time (usually 1 year, 3 years, or 5 years). Balance Sheets will show your company’s assets, liabilities, and equity at a specific point in time. Cash Flow Statements will show how much cash your company has generated and used over a specific period of time.

Growthink's Ultimate Business Plan Template includes a complete financial plan template to easily create these financial statements and more so you can write a great business plan in hours.

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• Business Plan Template Home
• 1. Executive Summary
• 2. Company Overview
• 3. Industry Analysis
• 4. Customer Analysis
• 5. Competitive Analysis
• 6. Marketing Plan
• 7. Operations Plan
• 8. Management Team
• 9. Financial Plan
• 10. Appendix
• Business Plan Summary

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How to Craft the Financial Section of Business Plan (Hint: It’s All About the Numbers)

Writing a small business plan takes time and effort … especially when you have to dive into the numbers for the financial section. But, working on the financial section of business plan could lead to a big payoff for your business.

Read on to learn what is the financial section of a business plan, why it matters, and how to write one for your company.  

What is the financial section of business plan?

Generally, the financial section is one of the last sections in a business plan. It describes a business’s historical financial state (if applicable) and future financial projections. Businesses include supporting documents such as budgets and financial statements, as well as funding requests in this section of the plan.  

The financial part of the business plan introduces numbers. It comes after the executive summary, company description , market analysis, organization structure, product information, and marketing and sales strategies.

Businesses that are trying to get financing from lenders or investors use the financial section to make their case. This section also acts as a financial roadmap so you can budget for your business’s future income and expenses. 

Why it matters 

The financial section of the business plan is critical for moving beyond wordy aspirations and into hard data and the wonderful world of numbers. 

Through the financial section, you can:

• Forecast your business’s future finances
• Budget for expenses (e.g., startup costs)
• Get financing from lenders or investors
• Grow your business

• Growth : 64% of businesses with a business plan were able to grow their business, compared to 43% of businesses without a business plan.
• Financing : 36% of businesses with a business plan secured a loan, compared to 18% of businesses without a plan.

So, if you want to possibly double your chances of securing a business loan, consider putting in a little time and effort into your business plan’s financial section. 

Writing your financial section

To write the financial section, you first need to gather some information. Keep in mind that the information you gather depends on whether you have historical financial information or if you’re a brand-new startup. 

Your financial section should detail:

• Business expenses 

Financial projections

Financial statements, break-even point, funding requests, exit strategy, business expenses.

Whether you’ve been in business for one day or 10 years, you have expenses. These expenses might simply be startup costs for new businesses or fixed and variable costs for veteran businesses. 

Take a look at some common business expenses you may need to include in the financial section of business plan:

• Licenses and permits
• Cost of goods sold 
• Rent or mortgage payments
• Payroll costs (e.g., salaries and taxes)
• Utilities 
• Equipment 
• Supplies 
• Advertising 

Write down each type of expense and amount you currently have as well as expenses you predict you’ll have. Use a consistent time period (e.g., monthly costs). 

Indicate which expenses are fixed (unchanging month-to-month) and which are variable (subject to changes). 

How much do you anticipate earning from sales each month? 

If you operate an existing business, you can look at previous monthly revenue to make an educated estimate. Take factors into consideration, like seasonality and economic ups and downs, when basing projections on previous cash flow.

Coming up with your financial projections may be a bit trickier if you are a startup. After all, you have nothing to go off of. Come up with a reasonable monthly goal based on things like your industry, competitors, and the market. Hint : Look at your market analysis section of the business plan for guidance. 

A financial statement details your business’s finances. The three main types of financial statements are income statements, cash flow statements, and balance sheets.

Income statements summarize your business’s income and expenses during a period of time (e.g., a month). This document shows whether your business had a net profit or loss during that time period. 

Cash flow statements break down your business’s incoming and outgoing money. This document details whether your company has enough cash on hand to cover expenses.

The balance sheet summarizes your business’s assets, liabilities, and equity. Balance sheets help with debt management and business growth decisions. 

If you run a startup, you can create “pro forma financial statements,” which are statements based on projections.

If you’ve been in business for a bit, you should have financial statements in your records. You can include these in your business plan. And, include forecasted financial statements. 

You’re just in luck. Check out our FREE guide, Use Financial Statements to Assess the Health of Your Business , to learn more about the different types of financial statements for your business.

Potential investors want to know when your business will reach its break-even point. The break-even point is when your business’s sales equal its expenses. 

Estimate when your company will reach its break-even point and detail it in the financial section of business plan.

If you’re looking for financing, detail your funding request here. Include how much you are looking for, list ideal terms (e.g., 10-year loan or 15% equity), and how long your request will cover. 

Remember to discuss why you are requesting money and what you plan on using the money for (e.g., equipment). 

Back up your funding request by emphasizing your financial projections. 

Last but not least, your financial section should also discuss your business’s exit strategy. An exit strategy is a plan that outlines what you’ll do if you need to sell or close your business, retire, etc. 

Investors and lenders want to know how their investment or loan is protected if your business doesn’t make it. The exit strategy does just that. It explains how your business will make ends meet even if it doesn’t make it. 

When you’re working on the financial section of business plan, take advantage of your accounting records to make things easier on yourself. For organized books, try Patriot’s online accounting software . Get your free trial now!

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6 Small Business Financial Statements for Startup Financing

Financial Statements You'll Need for Your Startup Business Plan

You're ready to start your small business and your're working on a great business plan to take to a bank or other lender. A key part of that plan is the financial statements. These statements will be looked at carefully by the lender, so here are some tips for making these documents SELL your business plan . 

Financial Statements You Will Need

You may need several different types of statements, depending on the requirements of your lender and your own technical expertise. 

The statements you will certainly need are:

• A startup budget or cash flow statement
• A startup costs worksheet
• A pro forma (projected) profit and loss statement
• A pro forma (projected) balance sheet 

Your lender may also want these financial statements: 

• Sources and uses of funds statement
• Break-even analysis

Putting these Statements in Order

First, work on your startup budget and your startup costs worksheet. You'll need to do a lot of estimating.

The trick is to underestimate income and overestimate expenses, so you can create a more realistic picture of your business over the first year or two.

Then work on a profit and loss statement for the first year. A lender will definitely want to see this one. And, even though it's not going to be accurate, lenders like to see a startup balance sheet. 

Some lenders may ask for a break-even analysis, a cash flow statement, or a sources and uses of funds statement. We'll go over these statements so you can quickly provide them if asked.

Business Startup Budget

 A startup budget is like a projected cash flow statement, but with a little more guesswork.

Your lender wants to know your budget - that is, what you expect to bring in and how much to expect to spend each month. Lenders want to know that you can follow a budget and that you will not over-spend. 

They also want to see how much you will need to pay your bills while your business is starting out (working capital), and how long it will take you to have a positive cash flow (bring in more money than you are spending). 

Include some key information on your budget:

• What products or services you are selling, including prices and estimated volumes
• Key drivers for expenses, like how many employees you'll need and your marketing initiatives  

A typical budget worksheet should be carried through three years, so your lender can see how you expect to generate the cash to make your monthly loan payments.

Startup Costs Worksheet

A startup costs worksheet answers the question "What do you need the money for?" In other words, it shows all the purchases you will need to make in order to open your doors for business. This could be called a "Day One" statement  because it's everything you will need on your first day of business. 

• Facilities costs, like deposits on insurance and utilities
• Office equipment, computers, phones
• Supplies and advertising materials like signs and business cards
• Fees to set up your business website and email
• Legal fees licenses and permits

Profit and Loss Statement/Income Statement

After you have completed the monthly budget and you have gathered some other information, you should be able to complete a Profit and Loss  or Income Statement. This statement shows your business activity over a specific period of time, like a month, quarter, or year.

To create this statement, you'll need to list all your sources to get your gross income over that time. Then, list all expenses for the same time.

Because you haven't started yet, this statement is a called a projected P&L, because it projects out your estimates into the future.  

This statement gathers up all your sources of income, including shows your profit or loss for the year and how much tax you estimate having to pay.

Break-Even Analysis

A break-even analysis shows your lender that you know the point at which you will start making a profit or the price that will cover your fixed costs . The break-even analysis is primarily for businesses making or selling products, or to set the right price for a product or service.  

It's usually shown as a graph with sales volume on the X axis and revenue on the Y axis. Then fixed an variable costs (those you must pay) are included. The break-even point marks the place where costs are covered.

This analysis can also be useful for service-type businesses to show an overall profit point for specific services. If you include a break-even analysis, be sure you can explain it.

Beginning Balance Sheet

A startup balance sheet is difficult to prepare, even if there isn't much to include. The balance sheet shows the value of the assets you have purchased for startup, how much you owe to lenders and other creditors, and any initial investments you have made to get started. The date for this spreadsheet is the day you open the business.

Sources and Uses of Funds Statement

Large businesses use Sources and Uses of Funds statements in their annual reports, but you can create a slightly different simple statement to show your lender what you need the money for, what sources you have already, and what's left over to be financed.

To create this statement, list all your startup and working capital(on-going cash needs), how much collateral you will be bringing to the business, other sources of funding, and how much you need to borrow. 

Optional: A Business Requirements Document

 A business requirements document is similar to a proposal document, but for a larger, more complex project or startup. It gives a complete picture of the project or the business plan. It goes into more detail on the project that will be using the financial statements. 

Include Financial Statements in Your Business Plan

You will need a complete startup business plan to take to a bank or other business lender. The financial statements are a key part of this plan. Give the main points in the executive summary and include all the statements in the financial section. 

Finally, Check for Mistakes!

Before you submit your startup business plan and financial statements, check this list. Don't make these  common business plan mistakes !

Check all numbers for accuracy and consistency. Especially make sure the amounts you are requesting are specific and that they are the same throughout all the parts of your business plan.

SCORE.org. " How to Set Up and Maintain a Budget for Your Small Business ." Accessed Sept. 10, 2020.

SCORE.org. " Financial Projections Template ." Accessed Sept. 10, 2020.

Harvard Business Review. " A Quick Guide to Breakeven Analysis ." Accessed Sept. 10, 2020.

Financial Strategy: Full Explanation with Examples

What is a Financial strategy?

A financial strategy refers to a business or individual’s approach to managing and using financial resources to achieve goals. It is an important part of the overall business strategy. It involves planning and decision-making related to investment, budgeting, fundraising, cost management, forecasting future financial scenarios, and managing financial risks.

The main objectives of a financial strategy are typically to increase shareholder value, secure the Company’s financial stability, and ensure the availability of funds for future growth or to deal with unpredicted situations.

Key components of a financial strategy might include:

• Investment strategy : Deciding what to invest in (equipment, personnel, research, development, etc.), when, and how much to invest. It can also refer to investment in financial assets, like stocks or bonds. Investment Strategy: Explained with Types and Examples
• Financing strategy : Determining how to raise the capital needed for investment, whether through equity (like selling company shares), debt (like loans or bonds), or internally generated cash flow. How to make a Financing strategy: Explained with a case study
• Risk management strategy : Identifying financial risks that the Company faces (like exchange rate risk, interest rate risk, or credit risk) and deciding how to mitigate them, typically through financial instruments like derivatives or operational changes. Risk Management Strategy in Finance: Explained with an Example  
• Cash flow management strategy : Managing the Company’s cash flow to ensure there is always enough cash available to meet its immediate needs, like payroll or debt payments. Cash flow management Strategy: Full Explanation  
• Capital structure strategy : Deciding what mix of equity and debt the company should have. This affects the risk and return of the Company and its valuation. Business Capital Structure  
• Dividend policy : Determining how much of the Company’s earnings should be paid out to shareholders as dividends and how much should be retained for reinvestment in the Company. Dividend Policy: Meaning | Types | Factor Affecting | Examples  

Remember, a well-designed financial strategy should align with the Company’s broader business goals and strategies, considering internal factors (like financial health, risk tolerance, and operational needs) and external factors (like market conditions, industry trends, and regulatory environment).

By the way, here is a course that will help you stand out in the world of strategy. The Strategic Thinking program for CxO by Cambridge Judge Business School maps your competitive advantage and teaches advanced techniques to formulate, evaluate, and execute winning strategies. Generate winning strategies and learn how to renew them in times of crisis for a competitive advantage.

How to make a financial strategy?

Creating a financial strategy is a multi-step process involving a deep understanding of the Company’s financial situation and business goals. Here are the steps to creating a financial strategy:

• Set clear goals : This is the first and perhaps the most crucial step. It involves identifying what the organization or individual wants to achieve financially. This could range from expanding the business, launching a new product, or improving financial stability. These goals should align with the broader business strategy.
• Understand your current financial situation : Analyze your current financial statements, including income statements, balance sheets, and cash flow statements. Assess your assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses, and cash flows to understand your financial standing.
• Forecast future scenarios : Based on historical data and expected market trends, project your future income, expenses, and cash flows. This can help you anticipate future financial needs and challenges.
• Identify investment needs and sources of capital : Based on your goals and forecasts, determine how much capital you will need and where you will invest it. Then, decide where this capital will come from, whether internal cash flows, debt, equity, or a combination.
• Manage financial risks : Identify the key financial risks you face, such as exchange rate risk, interest rate risk, or credit risk. Determine how you will mitigate these risks through financial instruments or operational changes.
• Create a budget : Based on the above steps, create a detailed budget that outlines your expected income and expenses. This will serve as a guide for your financial decision-making.
• Monitor and revise your strategy : Implement your strategy and monitor your financial performance regularly to ensure that you are on track to meet your goals. Adjust your strategy if your actual performance deviates from your plan or your business environment changes.

Creating a financial strategy is not a one-time task but an ongoing planning, implementation, and review process. It requires financial knowledge, strategic thinking, and careful management. It’s often beneficial to involve financial professionals in this process, either from within your organization or as external consultants.

By the way, to communicate our strategy effectively within the team, we all need a robust collaboration platform. Miro is the leading visual collaboration platform. Build anything together on Miro. It’s free and as easy to use as a whiteboard , but endlessly more powerful. Do use the Miro platform for strong communication within your team.

Examples of financial strategy

A financial strategy can take various forms depending on a business’s goals, needs, and circumstances. Here are some hypothetical examples:

• Tech Start-up’s Financial Strategy : A tech start-up might set a goal to develop and launch a new product within two years. To do so, it decides to invest heavily in research and development. Given the high upfront costs and uncertain short-term revenue, the Company might choose to fund these investments through venture capital. It plans to prioritize growth over profitability in the short term, expecting that this strategy will maximize its value in the long term. Financial Strategy of a Technology Startup  
• Manufacturing Company’s Financial Strategy : A manufacturing company might set a goal to expand its operations by opening a new factory. It decides to fund this expansion partly through internal cash flows and partly through a bank loan. The Company plans to manage the risk of this new debt by maintaining a conservative cash flow management strategy, ensuring it always has enough cash to make its debt payments.
• Retail Business’s Financial Strategy : A retail business might aim to improve its financial stability by reducing its debt. It chooses to do this by cutting costs, increasing prices, and using excess cash flows to repay its loans early. It might also decide to hedge its interest rate risk by switching from variable-rate to fixed-rate debt.
• Individual’s Financial Strategy : A personal financial strategy might involve an individual setting a goal to retire comfortably at age 60. To achieve this, they might invest a portion of their income in a diversified portfolio of stocks and bonds. They also might decide to purchase life and health insurance to manage the risk of unexpected costs. As they get closer to retirement, they gradually plan to shift their investments from riskier stocks to safer bonds.

These strategies are tailored to the entity’s specific goals, resources, and risk tolerance. The specific tactics used in each strategy (like raising venture capital, taking on debt, hedging risks, or investing in stocks and bonds) can be used in different ways to support different strategies. It’s the combination of these tactics with clear goals that form a coherent financial strategy.

Case study on a financial strategy

Let’s consider a case study of Apple Inc.’s financial strategy:

Apple Inc. is well known for its strong financial strategy. A key aspect of Apple’s financial strategy has been its effective use of capital to generate shareholder value.

Capital Allocation : Apple’s cash flow from operating activities for the twelve months ending Sep ’22 was $24.977 bn. This reserve provides Apple with financial flexibility and security, allowing it to invest in research and development, acquisitions, and other strategic opportunities as they arise.

Shareholder Returns : Apple has consistently returned a significant portion of its profits to shareholders. Since initiating its capital return program in 2012,  Apple has returned over $573 billion to shareholders through dividends and share repurchases . Share repurchases, in particular, have been a key part of Apple’s strategy. By repurchasing its own shares, Apple reduces the number of shares outstanding, which increases earnings per share and can lead to a higher stock price.

Investments and Acquisitions : While Apple is known for its conservative approach to acquisitions, the Company has used its strong balance sheet to make strategic purchases that support its product and service portfolio. This includes the acquisition of companies like LuxVue (for display technologies), Turi (for machine learning), and Anobit (for flash storage), among others.

Debt Financing : Apple has also strategically used debt despite its large cash reserves. The Company started issuing bonds in 2013 to help fund its capital return program, taking advantage of low-interest rates to borrow at a lower cost than repatriating overseas earnings would have incurred (prior to U.S. tax law changes in 2017). As of September 24, 2022, the Company had outstanding fixed-rate notes with varying maturities for an aggregate principal amount of $111.8 billion (collectively the “Notes”), with $11.1 billion payable within 12 months.

Risk Management : Apple manages financial risk through various methods, including using derivatives to hedge against foreign exchange risk and commodity price risk.

This case study illustrates how Apple’s financial strategy supports its business goals and creates shareholder value. The Company’s strategic use of capital — through a combination of capital returns, strategic investments, debt financing, and risk management — has played a key role in its financial success.

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Business Plan Financial Projections

• Written By Dave Lavinsky

Financial projections are an important part of your business plan. The projections give investors and lenders an idea of how well your business is likely to do in the future. Financial projections include both income statements and balance sheets.

Financial projections are important for a number of reasons. First, they give investors and lenders an idea of how well your business is likely to do in the future. This can help you secure the funding you need to get your business off the ground. Financial projections also help you track your progress over time. You can use them to make sure your business is on track to meet its goals. Finally, financial projections can help you spot potential problems early on, so you can take corrective action.

What Are Business Plan Financial Projections?

Financial projections are an estimate of your company’s future financial performance through financial forecasting. They are typically used by businesses to secure funding, but can also be useful for internal decision-making and planning purposes. There are three main financial statements that you will need to include in your business plan financial projections:

1. Income Statement Projection

The income statement projection is a forecast of your company’s future revenues and expenses. It should include line items for each type of income and expense, as well as a total at the end.

There are a few key items you will need to include in your projection:

• Revenue: Your revenue projection should break down your expected sales by product or service, as well as by month. It is important to be realistic in your projections, so make sure to account for any seasonal variations in your business.
• Expenses: Your expense projection should include a breakdown of your expected costs by category, such as marketing, salaries, and rent. Again, it is important to be realistic in your estimates.
• Net Income: The net income projection is the difference between your revenue and expenses. This number tells you how much profit your company is expected to make.

Sample Income Statement

2. cash flow statement & projection.

The cash flow statement and projection are a forecast of your company’s future cash inflows and outflows. It is important to include a cash flow projection in your business plan, as it will give investors and lenders an idea of your company’s ability to generate cash.

There are a few key items you will need to include in your cash flow projection:

• The cash flow statement shows a breakdown of your expected cash inflows and outflows by month. It is important to be realistic in your projections, so make sure to account for any seasonal variations in your business.
• Cash inflows should include items such as sales revenue, interest income, and capital gains. Cash outflows should include items such as salaries, rent, and marketing expenses.
• It is important to track your company’s cash flow over time to ensure that it is healthy. A healthy cash flow is necessary for a successful business.

Sample Cash Flow Statements

3. balance sheet projection.

The balance sheet projection is a forecast of your company’s future financial position. It should include line items for each type of asset and liability, as well as a total at the end.

A projection should include a breakdown of your company’s assets and liabilities by category. It is important to be realistic in your projections, so make sure to account for any seasonal variations in your business.

It is important to track your company’s financial position over time to ensure that it is healthy. A healthy balance is necessary for a successful business.

Sample Balance Sheet

How to create financial projections.

Creating financial projections for your business plan can be a daunting task, but it’s important to put together accurate and realistic financial projections in order to give your business the best chance for success.  

Cost Assumptions

When you create financial projections, it is important to be realistic about the costs your business will incur, using historical financial data can help with this. You will need to make assumptions about the cost of goods sold, operational costs, and capital expenditures.

It is important to track your company’s expenses over time to ensure that it is staying within its budget. A healthy bottom line is necessary for a successful business.

Capital Expenditures, Funding, Tax, and Balance Sheet Items

You will also need to make assumptions about capital expenditures, funding, tax, and balance sheet items. These assumptions will help you to create a realistic financial picture of your business.

Capital Expenditures

When projecting your company’s capital expenditures, you will need to make a number of assumptions about the type of equipment or property your business will purchase. You will also need to estimate the cost of the purchase.

When projecting your company’s funding needs, you will need to make a number of assumptions about where the money will come from. This might include assumptions about bank loans, venture capital, or angel investors.

When projecting your company’s tax liability, you will need to make a number of assumptions about the tax rates that will apply to your business. You will also need to estimate the amount of taxes your company will owe.

Balance Sheet Items

When projecting your company’s balance, you will need to make a number of assumptions about the type and amount of debt your business will have. You will also need to estimate the value of your company’s assets and liabilities.

Financial Projection Scenarios

Write two financial scenarios when creating your financial projections, a best-case scenario, and a worst-case scenario. Use your list of assumptions to come up with realistic numbers for each scenario.

Presuming that you have already generated a list of assumptions, the creation of best and worst-case scenarios should be relatively simple. For each assumption, generate a high and low estimate. For example, if you are assuming that your company will have $100,000 in revenue, your high estimate might be $120,000 and your low estimate might be $80,000.

Once you have generated high and low estimates for all of your assumptions, you can create two scenarios: a best case scenario and a worst-case scenario. Simply plug the high estimates into your financial projections for the best-case scenario and the low estimates into your financial projections for the worst-case scenario.

Conduct a Ratio Analysis

A ratio analysis is a useful tool that can be used to evaluate a company’s financial health. Ratios can be used to compare a company’s performance to its industry average or to its own historical performance.

There are a number of different ratios that can be used in ratio analysis. Some of the more popular ones include the following:

• Gross margin ratio
• Operating margin ratio
• Return on assets (ROA)
• Return on equity (ROE)

To conduct a ratio analysis, you will need financial statements for your company and for its competitors. You will also need industry average ratios. These can be found in industry reports or on financial websites.

Once you have the necessary information, you can calculate the ratios for your company and compare them to the industry averages or to your own historical performance. If your company’s ratios are significantly different from the industry averages, it might be indicative of a problem.

Be Realistic

When creating your financial projections, it is important to be realistic. Your projections should be based on your list of assumptions and should reflect your best estimate of what your company’s future financial performance will be. This includes projected operating income, a projected income statement, and a profit and loss statement.

Your goal should be to create a realistic set of financial projections that can be used to guide your company’s future decision-making.

Sales Forecast

One of the most important aspects of your financial projections is your sales forecast. Your sales forecast should be based on your list of assumptions and should reflect your best estimate of what your company’s future sales will be.

Your sales forecast should be realistic and achievable. Do not try to “game” the system by creating an overly optimistic or pessimistic forecast. Your goal should be to create a realistic sales forecast that can be used to guide your company’s future decision-making.

Creating a sales forecast is not an exact science, but there are a number of methods that can be used to generate realistic estimates. Some common methods include market analysis, competitor analysis, and customer surveys.

Create Multi-Year Financial Projections

When creating financial projections, it is important to generate projections for multiple years. This will give you a better sense of how your company’s financial performance is likely to change over time.

It is also important to remember that your financial projections are just that: projections. They are based on a number of assumptions and are not guaranteed to be accurate. As such, you should review and update your projections on a regular basis to ensure that they remain relevant.

Creating financial projections is an important part of any business plan. However, it’s important to remember that these projections are just estimates. They are not guarantees of future success.

Business Plan Financial Projections FAQs

What is a business plan financial projection.

A business plan financial projection is a forecast of your company's future financial performance. It should include line items for each type of asset and liability, as well as a total at the end.

What are annual income statements? 

The Annual income statement is a financial document and a financial model that summarize a company's revenues and expenses over the course of a fiscal year. They provide a snapshot of a company's financial health and performance and can be used to track trends and make comparisons with other businesses.

What are the necessary financial statements?

The necessary financial statements for a business plan are an income statement, cash flow statement, and balance sheet.

How do I create financial projections?

You can create financial projections by making a list of assumptions, creating two scenarios (best case and worst case), conducting a ratio analysis, and being realistic.

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What is Financial planning in a business plan

If one is new to the field of business and entrepreneurship, then Finance is unquestionably the vital section of the business plan. Even if your ideas and innovations are important what matters the most at the end of the day is the marketing strategies and how much your vision can help in making an earning. Hence it is vital to explain your start-up with good figures which are done with the help of accurate numbers included in the business plans and briefing about it in such a way that genuinely makes your business more attractive and profitable to the investors.

What is a business plan? 

In simple words, it is a guide for the company to achieve its goal. It is a written document that describes in detail how a business, especially a start-up , what are its objectives or how it is about to achieve its goal. This can be considered as a roadmap to success with detailed plans and budgets saying how they will be achieved. It lays a road map from marketing, financial and operating point of view as well.

Business plans are documents which are vital papers used to attract investors even before the company has shown a proven record. They do this by giving a vision to the investor and trying to convince them that their business idea is worth investing for.  From that, there comes a firm assurance and hence the business idea is sound and has every chance of success. For any newcomer, preparing a business plan is an important first step. It is this rigid milestone that will help the entry towards the path of success.

When you are about to begin a new venture, a business plan gives you a clear idea which in turn can determine whether your business idea is viable or not; that is, there is no point in business if there aren’t any chances of earning. A business plan is also a good way for companies to maintain a regular track.

We can also describe the business plan as a living document that you can use to prove two sources as it shows that one’s dreams are no longer just a dream but can be made into a viable reality. In the majority of cases, the main barrier in commencing a business is the fact that they don’t have enough money to be in the business or to start the business they wish to begin. In the case of start-ups, a ready business plan is essential to show potential investors how the proposed business can bring profit.

What is Financial Plan ?

In the world of start-ups, the importance of perfect business planning is beyond explanation. Plan length of business is different for different businesses. As mentioned no two businesses have the same sort of plans but they all have the same elements from which financial planning can be considered as a vital key in the making of a business plan.

A company financial plan is a document containing the current money situation and long-term goals of an individual as well as the strategies for achieving the goals. A financial plan can be done independently or with the help of a specialist who is a certified financial planner where he will have a deep evaluation of the person’s current financial state and, future goals and expectations.

It gives you a clear picture of current finances and how it can be utilized to achieve your goals. This is also a process which will reduce the amount of stress about money and help you to set a long-term goal. It is very important as it shows how to make use of your assets in an orderly manner.

The main purpose of financial planning is that it helps you to make strong business decisions about what are the resources that the company requires and what are the strategies that the company needs to be successful. It helps to obtain necessary financing, thus helping it grow.

Financial Planning can be explained with six steps:-

1. Setting up of Financial Goals:-

 The secret of a successful business is setting up proper financial goals.

2. Track your Money:-

Since the financial plan is a guide for good business flow,  having an accurate idea about your savings or pay-downs is helpful to develop medium and long term plans.

3. Emergency expenses:-

Collecting cash for emergency expenses is the bedrock of the financial plan. 

4. Investing your savings:-

 Investing isn’t always meant for the rich alone. Building credit is another way to shock proof of your budget.

  5. Have a check of high-interest debt:-

Sometimes it happens that the interest rates most of the time, we end up repaying 2 or 3 times what we have actually borrowed. Paying down the ‘toxic’ high-interest debt like title loans, rent-to-own payment, credit card balances etc. are the crucial steps in any financial plan.

6. Setting up of a moat:-

It is essential to build a moat to protect you and your family from financial setbacks.  Financial moats can be improved by:-

• Retirement accounts should be increased
• Padding your emergency fund until you earn a constant profit.
• By using insurance so that a sudden illness or accident can alter you thus, ensuring financial stability.

Financial planning is at the heart of all successful business ventures. As mentioned earlier, it consists of details of statement and financial projections, forming the overall core of your business plan. Financial planning is supposed to be completed within a year and revised monthly for better results. In addition to impressing  your investors that you are serious and knowledgeable with the business the financial  planning allows them to evaluate :

•The short and long term prospects 

• Profit potential 

•Your company’s  weakness as well as strengths

•Opportunities and challenges 

•What type of financing  can make your business successful  

For a strong financial plan,  there should be careful calculations and reliable numbers. If you are starting a new business then your financial plan should consist of:- 

• Start-up costs

•Cash flow projection 

•Projected Balance sheet 

•Balance and income statement (if it isn’t a new business)

•Break-even analysis

Start-up Costs

If you are about to start a business, first you are supposed to determine start-up costs. They are the first time expenditures that you have to spend before opening your business. It includes all costs such as furniture, supplies, equipment, renovations, license permits and incorporation fees; if necessary.

Cash flow projections  

All the business activities, large or small depends on cash. Cash flow projections show the expected amount of money that you can earn in a business along with what will be spent on expenses It is the cash that you expect from sales.

Projection of cash flow projections

The first is to calculate how much revenue you expect to generate from the sales every month. For that:

• consider the best and worst.
• reach to the clients who can  repay loan on a regular-schedule basis 
• set a credit policy .
• which bills should be delayed and what to be paid. The projections must be completed on an ongoing basis.

Income statements 

It shows your actual business expenses and revenues, the difference between the net profit over some time it sometimes often referred to as profit and loss statement or an operating statement.

From a regular check-in, the projected income statement (at least every three months) can help you identify an emerging problem in your business.

Balance Sheets

It is a snapshot record which contains all the details of what your business assets (owns) are or on as well as its liabilities (owes). Assets can be money, property,  vehicle, inventory etc. The projected balance sheet is what predicts the net worth of your business over a specific period in future. It should be from at least one year to three years into the future

Break-even Analysis

It is a useful tool which calculates at what point your company will be able to make a profit . This is where the total costs equal total revenues. It is based on three factors:- Selling price, fixed cost and variable cost.

  Methods Of Financing for Businesses

After you have completed financial statement, projections and calculations, you will have a clear idea on how to finance your business.

The two main financings are:- 

• Equity Financing

The financing in which you and your partner put the money or raise from the investor’s for the business.

Equity financing is not a debt or loan, but the investors just share the profits or losses.

2. Debt  Financing 

With your equity capital, you are now in a position to approach lenders for a business loan.  It is the money you borrow for business. Unlike equity financing, it should be repaid with interest over a specific period. The lenders won’t be getting the profit however, they must be repaid-with interest no matter whether the business is in profit or loss. The potential lenders include banks, credit unions , private investors, trust companies etc.

In the end, financial planning is a crucial step in mapping out a company’s financial future. In that sense, it is financial planning which gives clarity to your business plan and thus to one’s life!

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WHAT IS A FINANCIAL SUMMARY IN A BUSINESS PLAN: Best Practices

• by Folakemi Adegbaju
• August 10, 2023
• No comments
• 9 minute read

Table of Contents Hide

What is a financial summary in a business plan.

• #1. Introduction to the Financial Summary 

#2. Financial Statements and Analyses

#3. forecast profit and loss, #4. work out your cash-flow projections, #5. forecast balance sheet, why is financial summary important to a business, #1. profit and loss statement, #2. balance sheet, #3. cash flow statement, make financial planning a recurring part of your business, get professional help, final thoughts, what is financial overview in business plan, what are the six basic financial statements, what is meant by "financial summary".

Preparedness is key in order to succeed in your business in the long run. Also, having a sound financial summary is the key to that preparation for your new business. You can foresee growth, make investor pitches, and deal with cash flow problems thanks to it. It is important that you become familiar with a few foundational concepts of financial summary before you can begin. You can also help yourself write one by checking out the financial summary example in a business plan; it will get you prepared for yours. This article serves as a guideline to how you can write a financial summary in your business plan and makes you see the importance of preparing one in your business plan.

Let’s dig in deep..

The business’s profitability, aspects of debt and equity, projected operational costs, financial statement estimates, future growth projections, and business financing are all covered in the financial summary. This part contains extremely detailed and organised financial information. There may be graphs, tables, charts, calculations, and spreadsheets. To write it accurately, it could need the assistance of a financial specialist, like an accountant.

A financial summary is the lifeline of a business plan. It is what gives the company a sense of vitality and pragmatism. The financial part frequently appears near the end of the plan, but this does not lessen the significance of what it contains. In actuality, it is the part of the business plan that gets the greatest scrutiny. Due to the fact that a company’s value is in its financial statements, investors may actually give it more attention than other sections of the plan. Having a financial summary example in a business plan or getting someone to write one for you makes writing one easier.

How Do You Write a Financial Summary for a Business Plan?

A business plan’s financial section has advantages for both the owner of the company and investors and financiers. It helps them gain a better understanding of their company. It is also a crucial tool for managing the company. When writing the financial part and, by extension, the entire business plan, the majority of authors favour the Turabian paper format.

Your level of realism in writing the financial section will be the only factor determining its trustworthiness. You can accomplish this by decomposing the figures into different parts that you can examine separately. Having a financial summary example in a business plan or getting someone to write for you makes writing one easier.

The following are steps to take when you want to write the financial summary for your business plan:

#1. Introduction to the Financial Summary  

Firstly, the introduction to the financial plan typically comes first in a business plan’s financial overview. The business plan drawer is the only source for the introduction’s structure and format. You’re giving the reader an overview of the section’s contents in the introduction.

The predicted financial statements and analyses will be the focus of the second part of the financial summary.  Here, the financial statements and analyses listed below are provided.

• Forecasted income statement
• Cash flow statement (Forecasted)
• Forecasted balance sheet
• Sensitivity analysis
• Breakeven analysis
• Ratio analysis

To determine if you can anticipate making a profit or loss for any of these time periods, estimate your sales and expenses on a monthly, quarterly, or annual basis. You can use this to set sales goals, pricing, and probable profit margins. You can use industry benchmarks, market research, and industry analysis to base your estimates on the success of similar companies in your industry.

Even a profitable company may run out of money. For instance, you can earn a lot of sales in the first month without any payment for them until the following month. You can determine if you’ll have enough money to run your firm or if you’ll need additional funding by doing cash-flow estimates.

Among the helpful pointers to bear in mind are:

• To account for any seasonality, project your cash flow at least 12 months in advance.
• Be realistic; some clients might take longer to pay
• If you discover a financial shortage, take steps to regulate your cash flow.

To develop a financial picture of your business after the first 12 months, list all of your anticipated assets and liabilities . It’s a good idea to use your balance sheet statistics to determine whether you’ll have enough money after a year to carry out your daily operations. This will help you assess the financial viability of your business plan.

These three sections should be on your balance sheet:

• Assets : This is what your company owns, including assets like money, merchandise, and buildings as examples.
• Liabilities : What your company owes, with loans and accounts payable as examples
• Ownership stake : This is the part of the assets that the business owner is entitled to. Add up all of your assets, then deduct all of your debts to arrive at this calculation.

#6. Find Your Break-even Point

The amount of sales required to cover costs is revealed by performing a break-even analysis; anything above this point is considered a profit. In order to determine whether your business plan is practical, you can utilise the break-even point to analyse the sales, cost, and pricing figures from your prior estimates. You might wish to check your calculations to determine if there are any ways to increase your company’s profitability, for instance, if your break-even point is years away.

Things to think about are:

• realistically estimating sales. If you run a service business, for instance, you might choose to base your calculations on a 60–70% utilisation rate rather than assuming that all of your time can be charged.
• Changing your rates and costs will make it simple for you to test various situations.

You can also check our Jewelry business plan to see what a financial summary in a business plan looks like.

A well-organized financial summary can boost your company’s confidence while providing you with a clearer picture of how to distribute resources. It demonstrates your company’s dedication to prudent expenditure and its capacity to fulfil financial commitments. A financial summary enables you to identify which decisions will have an influence on your income and which situations necessitate using reserve cash.

It’s also a crucial tool when requesting funding for your company. You must outline your company’s spending control and income generation processes in your financial summary of your business plan. It reveals the state of your company and the number of sales and investors it requires to reach significant financial milestones.

What Financials Should Be Included In A Business Plan?

There are three major financials you must include in a business plan, they are :

• Profit and loss statement
• Balance sheet 
• Cash flow statement

Your profit and loss statement is a summary of the activities of your business over a predetermined time period, typically one year. It is an indicator of the health or performance of the company’s finances. Although you can use it to make projections as well, it is typically used as a look back.

Your profit and loss statement provides a summary of your revenue, total expenses, and profit (or loss), which is the amount left over after deducting expenses from revenue.

The profit and loss statement is also a helpful tool for evaluating growth and comparing performance. To determine if your organisation is expanding or contracting, you can compare the profit and loss statement data from prior years to your present and next years.

The balance sheet will also show the effects of any profits made on increasing assets, reinvesting in the company, reducing obligations, or paying dividends or bonuses to shareholders. The two documents are related in that way.

Your balance sheet is a description of what your company owns and what it owes at a specific point in time, as opposed to your profit and loss statement, which shows how much money was brought in and spent over the course of a year, a quarter, or a month. List all of your company’s assets, the stuff you own, at the top of the statement. This comprises your long-term assets, such as your property, plant, and machinery. This list would also contain any machinery, raw materials, merchandise, real estate, or computer equipment. Accounts receivable, or what your clients owe you, is another example of a short-term asset. Assets should include anything you use to make money.

The shareholders’ equity and liabilities are listed on the balance sheet’s bottom half. What you owe is considered a liability. This covers costs such as loans, unpaid taxes, unpaid invoices, leases on property or equipment, and so forth. The value your business has created is shared by all of your shareholders, who are also known as your partners or owners in the company. This value is known as your shareholders’ (or owners’) equity.

You should also take note that assets are always equal to shareholders’ equity plus liabilities. The more equity that the shareholders own, the more value the company is producing.

The cash flow statement shows all of the money that the company has taken in and spent over a certain period of time. When making projections, cash flow statements are typically utilised to try and foresee when the company could require a financial infusion or be able to afford a significant investment. As a result, monthly breakdowns of cash inflow and outflow are common in cash flow statements.

Operations (what you sell to clients) can produce cash for the business, as can assets (such as stocks or real estate) and/or finance (such as when you receive a loan or take on an investor).

Cash paid to purchase additional assets or to repay a loan or extended credit falls under the category of cash outflow.

You, the company’s lenders, or investors can get a sense of how cash healthy the business is by examining variations in cash flow over multiple time frames, like months or quarters.

Also, know that each statement offers information about the company’s performance that can aid owners and managers in figuring out how to enhance operations. However, because each statement has a distinct function, it’s crucial to understand how to use each one.

These three financial statements are crucial business tools that can show you where you need to focus your attention in order to expand your company. You also need to update and review them frequently to keep money coming in steadily, fill out your profit and loss statement and balance sheet, and help ensure that your company survives and prospers.

When you first begin, your financial plan may seem intimidating, but this part of your business plan is actually crucial to comprehend.

You, as the business owner, should be able to read and comprehend these records and make decisions based on what you learn from them, even if you decide to outsource your bookkeeping and routine financial analysis to an accounting firm. Though it might seem so confusing and hard, having a financial summary example in a business plan or getting someone to write for you makes writing one easier.

Did you have any issues with it? We’re here to help you.

Having a financial summary example in a business plan might not be enough to write a strong financial summary that will attract the attention of your investors. However, our professional business plan writers are always at your service to help you out with one without any delay or disappointment. BUSINESS YIELD CONSULT is always at your service.

Your chances of getting money from investors or lenders are significantly increased if you produce and present a financial summary that all works together to tell the tale of your firm and if you can respond to inquiries regarding the sources of your figures. However, we recommend you reach out to a professional like BUSINESS YELD CONSULT their expertise is always available to guide you on how to write a strong and convincing financial summary for your business plan.

A financial plan is nothing more than a summary of your company’s present financial situation and growth expectations. Consider any records that show your current financial status as a snapshot of the state of your business and the projections as your hopes for the future.

The following components of the financial statements of business enterprises have been specified by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB): assets, liabilities, equity, revenues, expenses, gains, losses, investment by owners, distribution to owners, and comprehensive income.

Financial statements are a group of summaries of information regarding the cash flows, financial position, and financial outcomes of a company. They consist of the cash flow statement, balance sheet, and income statement.

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Financial Plan Assumptions

Written by True Tamplin, BSc, CEPF®

Reviewed by subject matter experts.

Updated on July 11, 2023

Get Any Financial Question Answered

Table of contents, what are financial plan assumptions.

Financial plan assumptions are the key variables, estimates, and predictions used to develop a company's financial projections and strategy. They serve as the foundation for forecasting revenues , costs, investments, and taxes , among other elements.

Assumptions are critical in financial planning because they help businesses set realistic goals, allocate resources efficiently, and identify potential risks and opportunities. They also enable management to make informed decisions based on the best available data and industry insights.

Financial plan assumptions aim to create a comprehensive picture of a company's future financial performance by incorporating a range of factors.

These assumptions are designed to be flexible and adaptable, allowing for adjustments as new information becomes available or market conditions change.

Key Financial Plan Assumptions

Revenue assumptions, sales growth rate.

The sales growth rate is a crucial revenue assumption that estimates the percentage increase in a company's sales over a specific period. This rate takes into account factors such as historical sales data, market trends, and promotional efforts.

Pricing Strategies

Pricing strategies help determine the prices of a company's products or services. Assumptions related to pricing may include competitor pricing, price elasticity of demand, and the company's overall pricing objectives.

Market Share

Market share assumptions predict a company's percentage of total sales within a specific market. Estimations consider factors such as target customer segments, marketing strategies, and product or service differentiation.

Customer Acquisition and Retention

Customer acquisition and retention assumptions estimate the number of new customers acquired and existing customers retained. These assumptions depend on factors such as marketing efforts, customer service quality, and competitive positioning.

Cost Assumptions

Fixed and variable costs.

Fixed and variable costs are essential components of a company's financial plan . Fixed costs include expenses that remain constant, regardless of production levels or sales, such as rent and salaries. Variable costs vary with production or sales, including raw materials and shipping costs.

Cost of Goods Sold (COGS)

COGS is the total cost of producing goods or services sold by a company. Key assumptions for COGS may include production costs , labor costs, and manufacturing overheads.

Operating Expenses

Operating expenses are the costs associated with running a business, excluding COGS. Assumptions for operating expenses may include marketing costs, administrative expenses, and research and development expenditures .

Inflation Rate

The inflation rate assumption estimates the increase in the general price level over time. This assumption affects various cost projections, such as wages, raw materials, and utilities.

Investment Assumptions

Capital expenditures.

Capital expenditures represent the funds a company invests in long-term assets, such as property, plant, and equipment. Assumptions for capital expenditures may include the anticipated level of investment , the useful life of assets , and depreciation methods.

Working Capital Requirements

Working capital assumptions estimate the funds needed to cover short-term operating expenses and maintain sufficient liquidity . These assumptions may include projections for inventory levels, accounts receivable , and accounts payable .

Financing Sources and Costs

Financing assumptions help determine how a company will fund its operations and investments. These assumptions include the mix of debt and equity financing, interest rates , and repayment terms.

Tax Assumptions

Corporate tax rates.

Corporate tax rate assumptions estimate the percentage of a company's profits subject to taxation. These assumptions take into account federal, state, and local tax rates, as well as any changes to tax laws.

Tax Credits and Incentives

Tax credits and incentives are reductions in tax liability offered by governments to encourage specific business activities. Assumptions related to tax credits may include eligibility criteria, application deadlines, and the expected amount of tax savings.

Tax Planning Strategies

Tax planning strategies are methods used by companies to minimize their tax liabilities. Assumptions related to tax planning may include the use of tax-efficient structures, deductions, and loss carryforwards.

Economic and Industry Assumptions

Macroeconomic factors.

Gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate assumptions estimate the overall economic growth of a country or region. These assumptions impact a company's revenue projections, as they help gauge the general health of the economy and consumer spending.

Interest Rates

Interest rate assumptions estimate the cost of borrowing or lending money. These rates affect a company's financing costs, investment decisions, and overall financial performance.

Unemployment Rates

Unemployment rate assumptions predict the percentage of the labor force without jobs. High unemployment rates can impact consumer spending and may indicate a sluggish economy, affecting a company's sales projections.

Industry Trends and Competition

Market size and growth.

Market size and growth assumptions help estimate the overall potential of an industry and the opportunities it presents for a company. Factors considered may include historical data, demographic trends, and technological advancements.

Technological Advancements

Technological advancements can disrupt industries and create new markets. Assumptions related to technology may include the adoption of new technologies, the impact of innovations on the market, and the potential for competitive advantage.

Regulatory Changes

Regulatory changes can significantly impact a company's operations and financial performance. Assumptions related to regulation may include potential changes in laws, compliance requirements, and the effects on the industry landscape.

Competitive Landscape

Competitive landscape assumptions evaluate a company's position within its industry and the level of competition it faces. These assumptions may consider factors such as market share, competitor strategies, and barriers to entry.

Sensitivity Analysis and Scenario Planning

Identifying key variables and uncertainties.

Sensitivity analysis and scenario planning involve identifying key variables and uncertainties in a company's financial plan. These variables may include economic factors, industry trends, or company-specific factors.

Developing Scenarios and Assumptions

Scenario planning involves creating alternative future scenarios based on varying assumptions. Companies develop multiple scenarios to explore the potential impact of different events, trends, and risks on their financial performance.

Analyzing the Impact on Financial Performance

Companies analyze the impact of different scenarios on their financial performance to identify potential risks and opportunities. This analysis helps management make informed decisions and adapt their strategies as needed.

Risk Mitigation and Contingency Planning

Based on the results of sensitivity analysis and scenario planning, companies develop risk mitigation and contingency plans. These plans help companies prepare for potential challenges and capitalize on emerging opportunities.

Regular Review and Update of Assumptions

Importance of ongoing monitoring.

Regularly reviewing and updating financial plan assumptions is essential to ensure their continued relevance and accuracy. Ongoing monitoring helps companies stay informed of market changes and adapt their strategies accordingly.

Frequency of Assumption Updates

The frequency of assumption updates depends on the nature of the company and its industry. Companies operating in rapidly changing environments may need to update their assumptions more frequently than those in more stable industries.

Incorporating New Information and Data

As new information and data become available, companies should incorporate them into their financial plan assumptions. This ensures that the assumptions remain relevant and provide an accurate basis for decision-making.

Adjusting Financial Plans as Needed

Based on updated assumptions, companies may need to adjust their financial plans to reflect changes in market conditions, industry trends, or company-specific factors. Regular adjustments help maintain the accuracy and relevance of financial projections.

Financial plan assumptions play a crucial role in the development of a company's financial strategy and projections. By incorporating a wide range of factors and estimates, assumptions help create a comprehensive picture of a company's future financial performance.

Regularly reviewing and updating financial plan assumptions is essential for ensuring their continued relevance and accuracy. As new information becomes available or market conditions change, companies must adapt their assumptions and adjust their financial plans accordingly.

Sensitivity analysis and scenario planning are valuable tools for managing risks and identifying potential opportunities.

By analyzing the impact of different scenarios on a company's financial performance, management can make informed decisions and develop risk mitigation and contingency plans.

In conclusion, financial plan assumptions are critical components of a company's financial planning process.

By incorporating a wide range of factors and regularly reviewing and updating these assumptions, companies can create accurate financial projections, identify potential risks and opportunities, and make informed decisions that drive their long-term success.

Financial Plan Assumptions FAQs

What are financial plan assumptions, and why are they important.

Financial plan assumptions are the underlying estimates and predictions that a financial plan is based upon. They are essential because they provide the framework for determining how much money you need to save, how much you can expect to earn on your investments, and how long your money will last in retirement.

How do I choose the right financial plan assumptions for my personal financial plan?

The right financial plan assumptions will depend on your personal circumstances, financial goals, and risk tolerance. You should consider your current income, expenses, debts, and assets when selecting your assumptions. Additionally, you should consider factors such as inflation, investment returns, and life expectancy.

What are some common financial plan assumptions used by financial planners?

Common financial plan assumptions used by financial planners include assumptions about inflation rates, investment returns, life expectancy, and tax rates. Other assumptions may include future expenses such as college tuition or medical costs, changes in income or employment, and changes in interest rates.

How often should I review and update my financial plan assumptions?

You should review and update your financial plan assumptions regularly, at least annually, and whenever there are significant changes in your life circumstances, such as a new job, a significant change in income or expenses, or a change in your investment portfolio.

What are the potential risks of relying on incorrect financial plan assumptions?

Relying on incorrect financial plan assumptions can lead to a variety of risks, including not saving enough for retirement, running out of money in retirement, or being unable to meet other financial goals. Additionally, incorrect assumptions can lead to poor investment decisions, resulting in lower investment returns and higher taxes. It is essential to ensure that your financial plan assumptions are as accurate as possible to help you achieve your financial goals.

About the Author

True Tamplin, BSc, CEPF®

True Tamplin is a published author, public speaker, CEO of UpDigital, and founder of Finance Strategists.

True is a Certified Educator in Personal Finance (CEPF®), author of The Handy Financial Ratios Guide , a member of the Society for Advancing Business Editing and Writing, contributes to his financial education site, Finance Strategists, and has spoken to various financial communities such as the CFA Institute, as well as university students like his Alma mater, Biola University , where he received a bachelor of science in business and data analytics.

To learn more about True, visit his personal website or view his author profiles on Amazon , Nasdaq and Forbes .

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How to Write an Assisted Living Business Plan + Free Sample Plan PDF

Elon Glucklich

7 min. read

Updated April 3, 2024

Free Download: Sample Nursing Home Business Plan Template

With the U.S. senior population expected to reach 80 million by 2040 , the demand for assisted living services is skyrocketing. 

Seniors are living longer, and many are looking for amenities like health care, fitness, and recreation services as they age. This surge in demand, plus consistently high occupancy rates in well-run facilities, means starting an assisted living facility or improving your existing facility can be an incredibly lucrative business venture.

However, achieving success requires more than just filling rooms. From ensuring the health and wellbeing of your residents, to navigating license and permitting requirements, to understanding your market to securing funding for your facility, you’ll need to think strategically to ensure your care facility reaches its full financial potential. 

A business plan organizes your market, customer, and competitive research, so you can prioritize the most profitable services and develop marketing strategies to attract the right residents. Think of it as your roadmap for defining a successful business model. It’s the type of proof of concept that lenders or investors will need to see before they’ll feel comfortable funding your venture .

• What should you include in an assisted living business plan?

Here are a few sections we recommend including in an assisted living facility business plan:

Executive summary

Market analysis, competitive analysis, marketing plan, financial plan.

No two assisted living business plans will be exactly alike. A residential assisted living business owner’s market research and growth strategy will vary depending on the market or markets they’re operating in. And while some assisted living developers own large portfolios of facilities in multiple locations, others may be focused on a single location.

If you’re starting a new assisted living business, it’s likely that you’re seeking a bank loan or outside investment. Business plans written for funding typically follow a detailed and proven structure to impress lenders and potential investors.

Below we’ll highlight some of the most important business plan sections for an assisted living business. 

Your executive summary is your facility’s elevator pitch. 

It’s the first, and sometimes only, section of your business plan that a lender or investor will read. So your executive summary needs to be engaging.

In no more than two pages, draw the reader in with an overview of your business opportunity and mission. Why are you passionate about serving seniors? What problems are you solving for residents and their families?

Describe what sets you apart. Maybe you’re opening a new facility in a location with pristine views and landscaping. Or maybe you’re offering innovative care programs.

Briefly mention your team’s qualifications and commitment to resident care. Touch on the factors that will be key to your success, such as hiring highly trained staff or introducing programs tailored to residents’ needs.

With significant startup costs to run an assisted living facility, it’s crucial that you understand both the broader senior living industry and the dynamics in your market. The market analysis section is where you show potential funders of your project that you’ve done your research.

Get to know your potential residents. Start by analyzing the size and projected growth of the senior population in your area. The U.S. Census Bureau is an excellent source of demographic information, and should include the age breakdown of your community.

It’s also important to determine the characteristics of your potential residents. Are you targeting:

• Active seniors seeking independent living with some support
• Seniors dealing with, or recovering from, surgeries or other medical issues
• Seniors with memory care and other intensive needs

You may be targeting a combination of these services in your assisted living project. But no matter who your ideal customers are, you need to demonstrate through your study of industry and demographics trends that there is a demand for the services you’re offering. 

Identifying your competition is crucial if you’re planning an assisted living facility. A lender or investor will expect your business plan to analyze your facility’s competitors, and demonstrate that there’s room in the market for a new entrant.

Start by researching and listing your competitors. These could be:

• Other licensed assisted living facilities
• Independent living communities
• Adult foster homes
• In-home caregiving services

Note their size, services offered, and any specializations they offer. What are their strengths and weaknesses? Are they large chains or smaller, family-owned facilities? 

Consider factors like:

• Level of care

Be honest about your facility’s strengths and weaknesses compared to the competition. Do you offer a unique activity program? Are your rooms more spacious?  Focus on what sets you apart.

Answering these questions will help you determine how to stand out and win over potential residents and their families.

Remember: Solid research is key. Back up your assumptions about your target market and competition with data and analysis. This shows potential investors and partners that you have a strong grasp of the assisted living landscape.

By the end of your competitive analysis, you should be able to state why a family would choose you over your competitors. 

This is where you turn your market and competitive research into an actionable plan to attract residents to your facility.

By now, you should have plenty of information about the senior living market in your area. Now it’s time to document how you’ll reach families seeking senior care services for their loved ones.

Start by thinking broadly about tactics to reach your target customers:

• Networking with healthcare providers and elder care professionals to spread awareness of your facility
• Advertising online, through television commercials, in printed publications and on social media
• Appearing at community events

Each of these strategies accomplish the goal of boosting your visibility. Make sure your messaging through these marketing channels emphasizes the factors that set your business apart from competitors. They might include: 

• A focus on personalized care
• Top-of-the-line amenities
• A vibrant social calendar

Additionally, spend some time in your marketing plan to discuss your pricing and sales process. Document your pricing and how it compares to your competition. And detail how you will turn prospects into residents. Will families tour in-person? Can they schedule virtual consultations? The plan should detail the entire journey prospects will experience, from initial awareness of your facility to moving in.

Finally, remember to track the results of your marketing efforts. This helps you refine your strategy and get the most out of your marketing budget.

This section is where your careful planning turns into actual numbers . While it might seem intimidating, don’t worry – you don’t need a finance degree to get this right. Here’s what a typical assisted living financial plan includes:

Sales forecast : Project occupancy rates and income from resident services. Be realistic, especially in the first year, and consider different pricing tiers if applicable.

Expense budget : List all planned spending, including:

• Staffing (one of your largest costs)
• Food, maintenance, and supplies
• Insurance, marketing, and licensing fees
• Legal and professional services

Profit & Loss (P&L) : This combines income and expenses to show if you’re profitable.

Cash flow statement : Crucial for managing bills. Shows when money comes in and out, so you avoid cash shortages.

Balance sheet : This snapshots your facility’s financial health, listing assets (like your building), liabilities (like loans), and overall equity.

Important notes

Startup costs : If seeking funding, detail costs like renovations, equipment, and initial staffing.

Assumptions: Be transparent about any predictions you’re making (occupancy rates, growth, etc.). This adds credibility.

Use of funds: Explain to potential investors exactly how their money will fuel your success.

Industry-specific costs: Research sample financials for assisted living facilities to ensure you cover all your bases.

Remember, your financial plan is a living document. Revisit it regularly to track your progress and adjust your strategy as needed.

• Download your free assisted living one page sample business plan

Download our assisted living sample business plan right now for free. You can download other medical and health business plans , or check out Bplans’ collection of over 550 free sample business plans to find more inspiration. If you’re considering other types of senior care businesses, read our article on how to write a home health care business plan .

With tons of opportunity, but significant upfront costs, it’s crucial to do your homework before investing funds in your assisted living plan. Writing a business plan is one of the best ways to put yourself on a path to a financially viable business.

And the business plan is an absolute must if you’re looking for outside funding to help you turn your dream into a reality.

See why 1.2 million entrepreneurs have written their business plans with LivePlan

Elon is a marketing specialist at Palo Alto Software, working with consultants, accountants, business instructors and others who use LivePlan at scale. He has a bachelor's degree in journalism and an MBA from the University of Oregon.

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Gymnastics Business Plan Examples  

• By webmaster
• February 1, 2024

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Planning on opening a gymnastics club?  

Millions of kids and teens participate in gymnastics every year in the U.S. In 2021, there were close to  4.3 million school-aged gymnasts . Add in the little tumblers, and that number is even higher.  

If you are passionate about helping young people explore their talent on the uneven bars, the mat, and the balance beam, you’re almost certain to run a profitable gym. To be a sure success, however, you need one more thing: a gymnastics business plan.  

Your business plan is your roadmap that takes you from startup to stardom. It lays out everything from your marketing strategy to your operational plan.  

If you’ve never created a business plan before, or you just need a refresher, read on. This article covers what to include in your gymnastics business plan and provides examples for inspiration. 

What Are the Key Aspects of a Gymnastics Business Plan?  

A business plan details how you’ll build your business and ensure its success.  

It’s an internal document that you and your team will use to guide your actions and business decisions. But you might also share it with external stakeholders, such as:  

• Lenders  
• Investors  
• Potential partners  

Your plan reveals the why, what, and how behind your gym. If it’s a strong plan, stakeholders will be more likely to back your business, either financially or with other types of support.  

So, what should it include?  

Here are the key sections you’ll cover in your plan:  

Executive Summary  

This section includes an overview of your plan. It also covers your mission statement and why you’re starting this business.  

Business Description  

Here’s where you outline the nuts and bolts of your gymnastic business.  

• Business goals: Do you want to train kids with Olympic dreams? Is the plan to open up multiple gyms in the region? Are you a small studio specializing in making gymnastics fun for kids?  
• Services: What gymnastics classes will you offer? Will you offer related classes, such as dance or acro?  
• Target customer: What age? What skill level?  

You can also list any experience your team has. For instance, gymnastics training certifications or awards.  

Market Analysis  

This section details the pain points of your primary customer.  

For a gymnastics business, you’re thinking about the parents paying for your classes, as well as the kids who want to learn how to tumble.  

How will your business fulfill their needs? Is there a market in your area for the type of classes you plan to offer?  

Marketing and Sales Plan  

Detail your marketing strategies. What channels will you use to promote your gym? Will you have a website? What social media sites will you use? What about ads in local magazines?  

You should also explain your pricing plan. Your prices should be in line with your competitors’ prices. They should also account for the value your gym offers. For instance, if you have former gymnastics champions teaching your classes, you’d charge a higher price than a gym without experienced coaches.  

FROM ONE OF OUR PARTNERS:   Ideas for Small Business Marketing   

Organizational Plan  

Here, you’ll list your legal structure. Are you an LLC? A corporation? A partnership?  

You’ll also detail your management structure. List your leadership team and their relevant qualifications.  

Operating Plan  

How do you plan to run your day-to-day operations? Include those details in this section. 

For your gymnastics business plan, answer the following:  

• How many teachers will you hire?  
• When will they work?  
• Who will manage them?  
• What other roles will you need, such as administration, maintenance, and marketing?  
• What tools will you use to manage class sign-ups, scheduling, and billing?  

Financial Plan  

Your financial plan is critical. This is where you explain your costs for getting your business off the ground. You’ll explain what you need to be profitable now and in the future.   

FROM ONE OF OUR PARTNERS:   How to Build a Business Budget: 6 Easy Steps   

The Importance of Financial Planning for a Gymnastics Business  

Financial planning is where you figure out how to turn a profit.  

The reality is that being an excellent gymnastics coach doesn’t mean you know how to make your studio profitable. And if you can’t make a profit, you can’t stay in business.  

But with good planning, you can prepare for the ups and downs of running a business. Draw upon resources for business owners, including financial experts and management software, to help you stay on track financially.  

Here are five financial planning steps you should include in your business plan.  

Startup Costs  

How much will it cost you to open your gym? Include rent, new equipment purchases, labor, and marketing.  

Operational Costs  

What are your monthly expenses? Add up fixed and variable costs. 

When you know the monthly costs to run your gym, you can find your break-even point. That’s how much monthly revenue you need to generate to cover expenses. Anything above that point is profit.  

Funding Options  

How will you fund your business until it’s profitable? You can take out a business loan. 

The  Small Business Administration  helps small businesses access the funding they need, making it a good place to start. You can also check crowdfunding sites like EquityNet or Fundable .  

There are also traditional investors, grants, and any extra cash you may have in your personal savings. 

Emergency Savings  

Almost half  of small businesses reported cash flow issues last year. In this industry, market fluctuations are the norm. 

Summer slowdowns, changing trends, new competition—all of these factors can lead to fewer gymnastics students signing up for your classes. This means less revenue without lower costs.  

How will you manage until business picks up again? You need an emergency fund. 

Decide how much your gym needs to put away for a rainy day. Outline your plan to save that amount and where you’ll store it. 

For instance, you might keep this money in a high-interest savings account so you can access it if you need it. At the same time, it can earn interest and grow.  

Growth Milestones  

What are your plans for growth? Use your business plan to outline where you expect your company to be after one year, three years, and even five years.  

These growth milestones will help your business stay on track financially. It also helps you focus on the bigger picture instead of getting bogged down with day-to-day financial matters.  

FROM ONE OF OUR PARTNERS:   7 Budgeting Tips to Make This the Best Year for Your Business  

Operational Strategies and Management for a Gymnastics Business Plan  

Your operational and management strategies are two other business plan sections worth further exploration. 

These sections define how you’ll function. They detail what tools and solutions you’ll use to ensure your business runs well so you have happy employees, stellar gymnastics classes, and a gym your students love coming to.  

Here are four ways you can optimize your operational and management strategy.  

Define the Scope of Each Position.  

Your coaches, support personnel, and other team members need a list of responsibilities and performance goals. Otherwise, you’ll run into issues with inconsistent processes and people not knowing how to do their job well.  

Set Up Clear Communication Channels and Processes.  

Everyone should know who to contact if they have questions or concerns. There should be a clear process for HR issues, coaching-related questions, and business-related questions. Also, create an online document system so your team can access the information they need anytime.  

Offer Ongoing Training.  

Consider supporting your staff in certifying for safety and gymnastics instruction.  USA Gymnastics  offers certification courses for competitive coaches. There are also online gymnastics coaching classes.  

You can count on a better student experience and a more professional team by ensuring your coaching staff is well-trained.  

Streamline Management and Billing with Software. 

With today’s technology, you can streamline many administrative tasks.  

Scheduling classes, sending emails, billing for classes—gymnastics management software can keep all these aspects of management under one system. It can also automate mundane tasks, helping your staff save time and minimizing errors. So, you’ll want to include plans for using software in your operational plan.  

FROM ONE OF OUR PARTNERS:   A 5-Step Guide to Annual Planning for Your Business   

Gymnastics Business Plan Examples to Reference  

Still not sure what your gymnastics business plan should look like? Here are two examples to help inspire you.  

Example Business Plan: Jenny’s Gymnastics  

Executive Summary: Our mission is to teach kids the fundamentals and high-level gymnastics skills so they can pursue their dreams.  

Business Description: Jenny’s Gymnastics aims to inspire kids of all ages to strive for their best in the sport. We’re staffed by certified coaches and offer gymnastics classes to students aged 6 to 18.  

Market Analysis: Jenny’s Gymnastics serves the Raleigh-Durham area, where approximately 5,000 to 6,000 gymnasts participate in clubs yearly. Our gym focuses on classes for serious students. We also have some of the most experienced coaches in the area.  

Marketing and Sales Plan: We have an active presence on Instagram and Facebook. Over half of the parents who enroll their kids use one of these platforms. We also have a monthly advertisement in the Raleigh Times newspaper.  

Operating Plan: Jenny’s Gymnastics has a team of seven highly trained coaches. Each coach teaches between two and three classes, allowing us to teach over 400 students each week. We use management software to streamline class management, billing, and communications.  

Financial Plan: With 120 class enrollments per week, Jenny’s Gymnastics is able to generate a profit. Our goal is to reach at least 150 enrollments per week after six months. By 2030, we plan to have an average enrollment of 300 students weekly.  

Example Business Plan: Tumbling Tots  

Executive Summary: Tumbling Tots is dedicated to helping toddlers and pre-school-aged children learn the joy of gymnastics through fun, engaging classes.  

Business Description: Tumbling Tots offers beginner gymnastics classes to young children up to age 6. By focusing on the younger demographic, we can fill a gap in our region, where most gyms target older students.  

Marketing and Sales Plan: We’re planning an aggressive online marketing campaign with a website, content marketing to educate parents on the benefits of starting gymnastics lessons early, and social media.  

Organizational Structure: We’re an LLC headed by Kennedy Star, a former national gymnastics champion. Everyone on our leadership team has at least five years of management experience. We hope to use that knowledge to expand quickly, with the goal of opening a second location in quarter four of next year.  

Top Tips for Creating a Gymnastics Business Plan  

Ready to start building a plan for your gymnastics business? Here are three tips to help you put your plan into action:  

Scout Out Available Locations.   

If you don’t already have a space, start looking. Check out leasing costs, too. That way, you can get an idea of how much renting a studio for your classes will cost.  

Research Your Market.   

Explore other gyms in the area. What classes do they offer? What are their prices? How experienced are their coaches? And how can you set your gymnastics business apart?  

Choose a Gymnastics Management Software.   

This tool will serve as the hub for your operations. Start the process of deciding on software now. That way, you’ll have all the tools in place for everything from class registrations to payments. 

Discover How Our Software

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What is financial planning?

Key takeaways

• Financial planning involves defining your goals, understanding your financial picture, and taking steps to advance those goals.
• Financial planning professionals can help you with a variety of needs, including budgeting, investment management, and retirement planning.
• Wherever you are on your financial journey, a sound financial plan can give you peace of mind and confidence.

Financial planning can help you chart a course to get what you want out of life. By helping you figure out how much money you have and where it should go, financial planning is a way to set goals and get on a path to achieve them.

Feed your brain. Fund your future.

Financial planning is creating a comprehensive plan to reach your financial goals. By considering your whole financial life, it provides guidance on reaching both small, short-term targets as well as larger, long-term ones.

You can create a financial plan on your own or work with a professional financial planner who has the knowledge and time to integrate many aspects of finances into a plan, can identify risks and opportunities, and can help keep you on track in making progress toward your goals.

Why is financial planning important?

Financial planning is important because it helps you identify and prioritize your goals. It also aims to give you a complete picture of where you stand financially and identify changes you may need to make to increase the likelihood of achieving your goals—for example, which account types and financial products make sense for your personal situation. Some advantages of investing like compounding potential returns are realized over time so having a plan and starting early is important for the long term.

A financial plan can also help you uncover vulnerabilities, like not having enough saved in an emergency fund or being underinsured. And it may make you feel more confident and comfortable with the choices in your investment portfolio when the markets go up and down. That's why having a financial plan is important for people of all ages and financial backgrounds—not just older, wealthy people. Note that a financial plan is not a set-it-and-forget-it exercise, but an ongoing process that changes as your circumstances do. Your goals as a single person may be different from those of a married couple with children, for example.

Types of financial planning

Financial planning is a broad term that can cover a range of different techniques and goals. Most financial plans include multiple types of financial planning to take a holistic view and may address some or all of the following.

Cash-flow analysis

You may think of this as budgeting . Cash flow analysis helps you get a sense of what you have coming in each month and how you're using it. You need positive cash flow so that you can generate funds to pay down debt, build an emergency fund, or invest. By getting into the nitty-gritty of your cash flow, you can make conscious choices about where you want your money going and identify areas you may be able to trim or cut out entirely.

Debt management When you have multiple types of debt repayments competing for your dollars (think: credit card debt, student loans , and a mortgage), it can be difficult to figure out which you should prioritize paying first. Financial planning focused on debt management can help you identify ways to lower interest payments and strategize ways to repay your debts that work best for you while keeping you on track to meet your other financial goals and budgeting demands.

Retirement planning We all know we should be saving for later, but the question of how much to save for retirement —and in what accounts—can be tricky, particularly as you get closer to the age you hope to set up your permanent out-of-office message.

Retirement planning for those decades from retirement may be as simple as working their way up to contributing the maximum pre-tax salary allowance to a retirement account, like a 401(k) or individual retirement account (IRA) . For those near retirement, it may involve how to generate retirement income, such as figuring out which retirement accounts to draw from first, covering essential expenses, and how to manage Social Security income. A plan could give you peace of mind that you won't outlive your assets.

Investment planning Both retirement savers and those who are looking to build wealth outside of a retirement account can benefit from investment planning that aligns with their time horizon, financial situation, and risk tolerance . Investment planning can help you analyze and manage your portfolio holdings to better ensure your investments are working as well as they can for you. It may also reinforce the nature of market cycles—short-term downturns are expected but have historically always been followed by upturns, for example. Good investment planning may help keep you calm during rough stretches in the market and resist panic selling.

Education planning There are no ifs, ands, or buts—paying for an education is expensive. And it becomes even pricier if you're hoping to set aside enough for multiple children's educations. Education planning helps you figure out how much you need to save and the best strategies and accounts to cover education costs from pre-K to post-grad.

Tax planning If you're a W-2 worker (most 9-to-5ers are) without a complex financial situation, you may not need much more to do your taxes than self-service tax software. But for those with more complicated finances or people trying to determine the best way to manage income in retirement, financial planning can help you figure out the most tax-efficient way to manage your money. From taking advantage of tax deferral for savings goals, to qualifying for deductions and credits, to minimizing taxes to heirs, taxes touch many areas of financial planning.

Estate planning Don't let the name fool you. When it comes to financial planning, estate planning is less about sprawling manor homes and more about making sure you make your wishes known through documents like wills and trusts. Many estate planning techniques start with careful planning while you're living. Planning for what happens after you or your partner is gone can be hard to think about, but it's an important step in financial planning for all types of people, even those who are younger and who don't have large bank balances. It also helps you plan for who makes decisions if you become unable to and who becomes guardian for your children if necessary—important things regardless of wealth level.

Insurance planning Managing risk is fundamental so you don't encounter financial catastrophe that prevents you from achieving your goals. You probably know the importance of having health insurance, but there are countless other types of insurance that might help you during times of hardship. Financial planning can make sure you understand how disability and  life insurance , as well as long-term care coverage, among other types of insurance, fit into your financial picture to help protect you and those you love.

How much does financial planning cost?

How much financial planning costs depends on whether you decide to go it alone or work with a professional. If you DIY, there are low- to no-cost online tools and resources that can help you put together your own financial plan . For instance, Fidelity has a range of online calculators you can use to estimate how much you need to save to retire by a certain age, or you could a use a robo-advisor to manage your investments. If you prefer to work with a pro, they may charge based on a percentage of the assets they handle for you, by the hour, or a one-time flat fee.

How to create a financial plan

Ready to start financial planning ? Check out our guide on how to make a financial plan . As you draft your plan, either on your own or with a pro, remember that a solid financial plan is more than just numbers. It's a map that puts you in the driver's seat to fund the life you envision for yourself now and in the future.

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Money blog: Second-class deliveries to be drastically cut in Royal Mail plan

As many as 1,000 jobs could be cut by Royal Mail as the service plans to dramatically cut second-class letter deliveries. Read this and more in the Money blog, your place for personal finance news. Leave a comment on stories we've covered, or a question for our experts, in the form below.

Thursday 4 April 2024 06:42, UK

• British Savings Bonds announced in the budget go on sale - but experts aren't convinced
• What makes up the cost of a £6 pint - and how much is profit?
• How much will your take-home pay increase this month with NI cut? Use our calculator
• 'Are they going to go around sniffing people?' Big Issue founder says government has 'lost the plot' over homelessness plan
• Eight big price hikes this week - and six boosts to Britons' pockets
• All the places kids can eat cheap or free this Easter

Ask a question or make a comment

By Ollie Cooper, Money team

Many of us have noticed the price of pints creeping up in recent years. 

The cost of draught lager has gone up nearly 30% since January 2019, according to the Office for National Statistics.

The ONS says the cost of the average pint in Britain is £4.70 (it was £3.67 in January 2019), but many pubs frequently sell beers for over £5, £6 or even £7 in cities like London, Edinburgh and Brighton. 

The beer doesn't taste any different despite the increase in price - so where exactly does that £6-7 for a pint go? 

Sky News spoke with management at The Duke of Greenwich pub in Greenwich, London, for some insight. 

A pint of The Duke of Greenwich eponymous lager costs £6 - but just 83p (about 13.8% of the cost to the consumer) is profit for the pub.

They pay the brewery £1.36 per pint and allow for 5% wastage - which people in the industry say is perhaps a little on the low side, given the number of top-ups and over-lively pints poured. 

Nearly 30%, or £1.76, of your £6 goes towards paying staff - with hospitality wages needing to rise given inflation, the national minimum wage and in order for pubs, restaurants and cafes to compete in the worsening inter-industry dogfight for employees. 

£1.16 may seem steep for rent and utilities per pint - but remember they aren't just paying for the building and the lights. They also need to wash your glass with very hot water using a dishwasher or glass cleaner, provide heating for punters, water for the bathrooms and electricity across the wider pub for bandits, music and for that bloke at the bar to charge his phone. 

No one will need reminding that there's a cost of living crisis that affects pubs as much as everyone else. 

There's also beer gas that needs to be paid for. 

This goes some way towards explaining why pubs charge so much - they simply have to to survive. 

More expensive means more profit, right?

As you go further up the scale, the trend continues. 

Despite a pint of Crush IPA by the Drop Project Brewery in Mitcham costing £1.80 more than the lager (£7.80), there's actually a decrease in the profit margin - from around 13.8% to around 12.7%. 

Under £1 of that £7.80 is profit for the pub itself - and this is before we've accounted for extra expenses like refurbishments, cleaners, breakages, expired product etc. 

While being aware of these facts may not make you wince any less when that card machine turns around, you will have a better idea of where that money is going. 

British Savings Bonds, which were announced in the budget, have gone on sale.

The bonds, issued by Treasury-backed NS&I, offer a fixed rate got three years - and the rate has been revealed at 4.15%.

This has left experts feeling a little underwhelmed.

Savings Champion founder Anna Bowes gave us her view: "In essence, this is simply a re-issuance of the NS&I three-year Guaranteed Income and Guaranteed Growth bonds, rather than anything new or British.

"As was reported just after the budget and as is often the case with NS&I products, whilst the interest rate is not rock bottom it’s mid-table, so is likely to still be utilised, especially for those rolling over old bonds, and those with more than the FSCS limit of £85,000, because of course all cash held with NS&I is guaranteed by HM Treasury.

"NS&I is a trusted institution so will always be popular, but savers can earn quite a lot more if they shop around and perhaps choose a provider they are less familiar with."

The Guaranteed Growth Bond option is available at 4.15% and the Guaranteed Income Bond option has a rate of 4.07%.

Funds of between £500 and £1 million can be invested, with the money locked in for the duration of the three-year term.

The investments have 100%, Treasury backed security, and are invested back into the country via government financing.

British Savings Bonds can be purchased online at nsandi.com.

Those looking for three-year deals can find a range of options with rates above 4.60% AER in the wider market, according to Moneyfactscompare.co.uk.

Bonds with shorter terms also offer higher rates, such as 5.25% AER for a one-year deal or 5.10% for a two-year deal.

Rachel Springall, a finance expert at Moneyfactscompare.co.uk, said: "As it stands, savers can get an account that pays more than 5% on either an easy access account or fixed-rate bond. As has been evident, fixed rates on savings accounts are coming down, so the deals that sit towards the top of the market will likely be in high demand."

Bim Afolami, economic secretary to the Treasury, said: "This is a new opportunity for UK savers to benefit from the three-year fixed-rate British Savings Bonds knowing that their money is fully protected by HM Treasury.

"The bonds will help to grow the savings culture in the UK while providing cost-effective financing for the government."

More than one in three UK water employees has reported being verbally abused at work, according to GMB Union.

A survey of almost 1,300 staff found industry workers have been physically assaulted and unsafe working alone, the Guardian reported.

The survey comes after backlash to news of sewage dumping practices.

The government has declined to launch a public inquiry into Thurrock council's bankruptcy , the Financial Times reports.

Residents had petitioned for an investigation into the Conservative-run Essex council.

But minister for local government Simon Hoare said a best value inspection report published last year was an effective way to look into the issue.

Co-op is reintroducing the  remote wine-tastings  first piloted during lockdown.

Winemakers will host sessions to members each month over Zoom following demand from customers, according to the supermarket.

Participants will receive advance notice of which wines will be the subject of the tastings.

Superdrug has axed the cost of VAT from its own-brand sun care range.

The retailer says the products should be deemed a healthcare essential and not a beauty treatment, and believes all sun protection should be exempt from the 20% levy.

The UK government is coming under increasing pressure to remove VAT on all sun care after a rise in calls for donations of such products, with some having to go without sun protection completely. 

The reduction is expected to save consumers around £1m.

Jamie Archer, own brand director at Superdrug, said: "Sun cream is currently classed as a cosmetic product and therefore carries the VAT associated with it, making it unaffordable for some people.

"We believe that everyone should have access to the products that protect their health and wellbeing and at an affordable price. 

"Therefore, we're proud to support our customers by removing 20% from our sun care range for a second year."

The cut means Solait Sun Cream SPF50 (200ml) costs £3.59 and the Solait Kid’s Roll-on Sun Cream SPF50+ (75ml) £2.79.

As many as 1,000 jobs could be cut by Royal Mail as the service plans to dramatically cut second-class letter deliveries.

In its submission to Ofcom's consultation on the future of the universal postal service, Royal Mail said its proposals would reduce all non first-class letter deliveries to save up to £300m a year.

Second-class letters would only be delivered three days a week - every other weekday.

However, the six-day-a-week service for first-class mail would be maintained - a row back on plans to axe Saturday deliveries.

The group said it didn't expect any compulsory redundancies and the roles would be reduced through natural staff turnover among its 130,000 employees.

They added that the proposals would not need a change in legislation, given it would still be delivering first-class post six days a week. It called for Ofcom to put the changes in place by April 2025.

Big Issue founder Lord Bird says the government has "lost the plot" over proposed legislation which critics say criminalises homelessness.

He called the Criminal Justice Bill a "waste of time" that fails to stop people living and dying on the streets of the UK.

The bill contains provisions to allow police to forcibly move on "nuisance" rough sleepers, with criteria including creating "excessive smell" or "looking like they are intending to sleep on the streets".

"How the hell are you going to enforce this?" said Lord Bird.

"You're going to get the old bill [police] or the local security going out their sniffing people? This is just a waste of time."

Lord Bird said it was "human rights abuse to let people live and die on our streets".

"When it's moved onto criminal justice issues, then you've lost the plot."

He pointed to "the evils" of no-fault evictions as one cause of homelessness.

"Today there will be somebody falling into homelessness because the government hasn't got off its rear and sorted out what it said it was going to do in 2019."

Lord Bill recalled his experience of living on the streets as a young man, including being urinated on and sexually propositioned by the public.

"Anybody who falls onto the streets in a very short period of time becomes so traumatised that they actually become dehumanised.

"There's nothing pretty about street life and therefore if people are behaving aggressively it's because really they need the A&E department."

Will the bill go through?

When the bill was introduced to parliament last year, Suella Braverman was still the home secretary.

She claimed at the time that rough sleeping was a "lifestyle choice".

The government has pledged to bring in the Criminal Justice Bill before the next election, although it is currently making its way through the House of Commons - with MPs proposing amendments, including dozens of Tories, that may come to a vote later.

Yesterday, minister Gillian Keegan was asked about the matter as Tory MPs seek to strip the provision to detain someone based on odour.

Asked if people should be arrested if they smell, Ms Keegan said: "Well, no, people should not be arrested just if they smell."

Royal Mail has reportedly launched an investigation into complaints that members of the public have been fined because their stamps were deemed counterfeit.

Affected customers have been told to pay £5 to collect post from Royal Mail.

The postal service switched to a barcoded stamp system last summer.

Questions have been raised over whether stamps are being wrongly identified as counterfeit after postmasters said the allegedly fake stamps were bought from Royal Mail directly.

Royal Mail has said the system is secure and any allegation that fake stamps were bought from its branches were "extremely serious".

Barcoded stamps became mandatory from 31 July 2023.

National insurance will be cut, for the second time this year, from 10% to 8% on employee earnings between £12,570 and £50,270 from Saturday.

The change, announced by the chancellor in his March budget, impacts around 27 million payroll employees across the UK.

The cut is worth almost £250 to someone earning £25,000 a year and almost £750 for those earning £50,000

Use our tool below for a rough guide to what tax changes can be expected for most people, as there are other variables not included which might affect how much tax you pay including being in receipt of the blind person's allowance or the marriage allowance. It also assumes you are not self-employed and are under pension age...

There are also national insurance cuts for the self-employed. This includes the scrapping of Class 2 contributions, as well as a reduction of the rate of Class 4 contributions from 9% to 6% for the £12,570 to £50,270 earnings bracket.

These will impact nearly two million self-employed people, according to the Treasury.

While many campaigners welcomed the national insurance announcement last month, they pointed out that the tax burden remains at record high levels for Britons - thanks in part to the threshold at which people start paying income tax being frozen, rather than rising with inflation.

By Daniel Binns, business reporter

Tesla has reported a sharp fall in worldwide sales amid increased competition and slowing demand for electric vehicles.

The carmaker said it delivered 386,810 vehicles during the first quarter of the year - down nearly 9% on the 423,000 it shipped from January to March last year.

Tesla said the fall was "partly" due to  disruption to shipping in the Red Sea region  and an arson attack at its gigafactory in Berlin.

It also blamed the phasing in of an updated version of its Model 3 sedan at its factory in Fremont, California.

Tesla's chief executive Elon Musk noted that rival electric carmaker BYD had also experienced a slump in sales.

He wrote on X: "This was a tough quarter for everyone."

However, some commentators blamed the controversy surrounding Mr Musk, along with increased competition from rivals and declining "excitement" about electric vehicles generally.

Wall Street tech analyst Dan Ives described the results as "an unmitigated disaster that is hard to explain away".

He said: "This was a train wreck into a brick wall quarter for Musk and co."

Mr Ives also warned Mr Musk needed to turn around the company's fortunes. "Otherwise, some darker days could clearly be ahead that could disrupt the long-term Tesla narrative," he added.

It comes just days after market intelligence firm Caliber claimed Mr Musk's right-wing political views and controversial public statements on X were putting off some customers from buying a Tesla.

"It's very likely that Musk himself is contributing to the reputational downfall," Caliber chief executive Shahar Silbershatz said.

Tesla did not respond to requests for comment about the claims.

Revolution Bars shares were suspended from the London Stock Exchange yesterday as the bar chain mulled its restructuring plans.

The suspension on the AIM index came after the group said it was unable to publish its interim results for the second half of last year by the end of March.

The news comes after an exclusive report by City editor Mark Kleinman found Revolution was considering a plan to closure around 20 bars out of its 80 venues.

Revolution said it continues to "evaluate all the options available to it", including engaging with key stakeholders and potential investors over a possible fundraise.

Their struggles are part of wider difficulties in the night-time economy, which Money team reporter Emily Mee examined earlier this year...

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