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The Five Pillars of Islam Lesson

Subject: Religious education

Age range: 11-14

Resource type: Lesson (complete)

Last updated

21 August 2024

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This resource is a lesson linked to Religious Education / Philosophy and Ethics as it explores the five pillars of Islam. It is aimed at KS3 (Years 7, 8 or 9) but could be adapted for GCSE. These resources are perfect to be used for a one hour lesson. Purchase of this includes:

1 x PowerPoint 1 x worksheet

This lesson explores what the five pillars of Islam are as it enables you to teach each pillar in depth. There are additional questions (and answers) throughout the slides to stretch student thinking.

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Five Pillars of Islam PowerPoint, Google Slides & Canva Template

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Five Pillars of Islam

• Important Principles
• Prayer Salat
• Prophets of Islam
• Ramadan and Eid Al Fitr
• Hajj and Eid Al Adha
• M.Ed., Loyola University–Maryland
• B.S., Child Development, Oregon State University

The “five pillars of Islam” are religious duties that provide a framework for a Muslim’s life. These duties are performed regularly and encompass duties to God, to personal spiritual growth, to care for the poor, self-discipline, and sacrifice.

In Arabic, “arkan” (pillars) provide structure and hold something steadily in place. They provide support, and all must be present for the framework to balance steadily. The articles of faith provide a foundation, answering the question of “what do Muslims believe?” The Five Pillars of Islam help Muslims to structure their lives around that foundation, answering the question of “how do Muslims affirm their faith in daily life?”​

Islamic teachings about the Five Pillars of Islam are found in the Quran and the Hadith. In the Quran, they are not outlined in a neat bullet-pointed list, but are rather dispersed throughout the Quran and emphasized in importance through repetition.

The Prophet Muhammad did mention the five pillars of Islam in an authentic narration ( hadith ):

“Islam has been built upon five [pillars]: testifying that there is no diety but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, performing the prayers, paying the zakah, making the pilgrimage to the House, and fasting in Ramadan” (Hadith Bukhari, Muslim).

Shahaadah (Profession of Faith)

The first act of worship that every Muslim performs is a confirmation of faith, known as the shahaadah . The word shahaadah literally means “to bear witness,” so by professing faith verbally, one is bearing witness to the truth of Islam’s message and its most fundamental teachings. The shahaadah is repeated by Muslims several times each day, both individually and in daily prayer, and it is a frequently-written phrase in Arabic calligraphy .

People who want to convert to Islam do so by simply reciting the shahaadah aloud, preferably in front of two witnesses. There is no other requirement or prerequisite ceremony for embracing Islam. Muslims also strive to say or hear these words as their last, before they die.

Salaat (Prayer)

Daily prayer is a touchstone in a Muslim’s life. In Islam, prayer is directly to Allah alone, directly, without any intermediary or intercessor. Muslims take time out five times each day to direct their hearts towards worship. The movements of prayer – standing, bowing, sitting, and prostrating – represent humility before the Creator. Words of prayer include words of praise and thanks to Allah, verses from the Quran, and personal supplications.

Zakat (Almsgiving)

In the Quran, giving in charity to the poor is often mentioned hand-in-hand with daily prayer. It is central to a Muslim’s core belief that everything we have comes from Allah, and is not ours to hoard or covet. We should feel blessed for everything we have and must be willing to share with those less fortunate. Charity at any time is recommended, but there is also a set percentage required for those who reach a certain minimum net worth.

Sawm (Fasting)

Many communities observe fasting as a way to purify the heart, mind, and body. In Islam, fasting helps us to empathize with those less fortunate, helps us to reprioritize our lives, and brings us closer to Allah in strengthened faith. Muslims may fast throughout the year, but all adult Muslims of sound body and mind must fast during the month of Ramadan each year. The Islamic fast lasts from dawn to sunset each day, during which time no food or drink of any kind is consumed. Muslims also spend the time in additional worship, refrain from bad talk and gossip, and share in friendship and in charity with others.

Hajj (Pilgrimage)

Unlike the other “pillars” of Islam, which are performed on a daily or annual basis, the pilgrimage is required to be done only once in a lifetime. Such is the impact of the experience and the hardship that it entails. The Hajj pilgrimage occurs during a certain set month every year, lasts for several days, and is only required of those Muslims who are physically and financially able to make the journey. 

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What Are the Pillars of Islam?

Publication : 10-03-2001

Views : 124557

We hope that you can explain the pillars of Islam for us.

Summary of answer

Contents Related

Islam is about beliefs and laws

• The first pillar of Islam: al-Shahadatayn (the twin testimony of faith) 

What are the five daily prayers in Islam?

What are the benefits of prayer in islam, what is the wisdom of zakah in islam, what is the rate of zakah, who is eligible to receive zakah in islam.

• The fourth pillar of Islam: sawm (fasting) in Ramadaan 

Who must fast in Ramadan?

Why do muslims go for hajj, what are the conditions of hajj.

Praise be to Allah.

Islam is based on five pillars which the Messenger (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) has explained for us. The Prophet  said: “Islam is built upon five [pillars]: the testimony that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah; establishing regular prayer (salah); paying the zakah; Hajj (pilgrimage) and fasting Ramadan.” (Agreed upon; narrated by al-Bukhaari, no. 8) 

Islam is both belief and laws, in which Allah and His Messenger have told us what is halal and what is haram, morals and good manners, acts of worship and how to interact with people, rights and duties, and scenes of the resurrection. When Allah completed this religion, He chose it to be the way of life for all of mankind until the Hour begins: 

“This day, I have perfected your religion for you, completed My Favour upon you, and have chosen for you Islam as your religion.” [al-Maidah 5:3 – interpretation of the meaning] 

What are the 5 pillars of Islam?

These are the pillars of Islam and the principles upon which it is based: 

The first pillar of Islam: al-Shahadatayn (the twin testimony of faith) 

This means that a person believes that Allah alone is the Lord, Sovereign and Controller, the Creator and Provider. He affirms all His most beautiful names and the sublime attributes that Allah has affirmed for Himself or that His Prophet affirmed for Him. He believes that Allah alone, and no one else, is the Only One Who is deserving of worship, as Allah says (interpretation of the meaning): 

“He is the Originator of the heavens and the earth. How can He have children when He has no wife? He created all things and He is the All-Knower of everything.

Such is Allah, your Lord! La ilaha illa Huwa (none has the right to be worshipped but He), the Creator of all things. So worship Him (Alone), and He is the Wakeel (Trustee, Disposer of affairs or Guardian) over all things.” [al-An'am 6:101-102] 

And he believes that Allah sent His Messenger Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), and revealed to him the Quran, and commanded him to convey this religion to all of mankind. He believes that loving Allah and His Messenger and obeying them are duties which are obligatory upon all of mankind, and that love of Allah can only be realized by following His Messenger (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him): 

“Say (O Muhammad to mankind): ‘If you (really) love Allah, then follow me (i.e. accept Islamic Monotheism, follow the Quran and the Sunnah), Allah will love you and forgive you your sins. And Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.” [Al ‘Imran 3:31 – interpretation of the meaning] 

The second pillar of Islam: salah (prayer) 

The Muslim believes that Allah has enjoined upon every sane adult Muslim five (formal) prayers each day and night, which he does in a state of purity, standing before his Lord, every day in a state of purity and humility, thanking his Lord for His blessings, asking Him of His bounty, seeking His forgiveness for his sins, asking Him for Paradise and seeking refuge in Him from Hell. 

The five obligatory prayers which are required day and night are Fajr (early morning, before dawn), Zuhr (mid-day, just after noon), ‘Asr (mid afternoon), Maghrib (just after sunset) and ‘Isha (at night, after dark has fallen). There are also Sunnah prayers such as Qiyam al-Layl (prayer at night), Tarawih prayers, two rak’ahs of Duha prayer, etc. 

Prayer, whether it is fard or nafl, represents a sincere turning towards Allah alone in all one's affairs. Allah has commanded all the believers to guard strictly the observance of the prayers, as He says (interpretation of the meaning): 

“Guard strictly (five obligatory) As-Salawat (the prayers) especially the middle Salah (i.e. the best prayer - ‘Asr). And stand before Allah with obedience [and do not speak to others during the Salah (prayers)].” [al-Baqarah 2:238] 

The five daily prayers are obligatory upon every Muslim man and woman, night and day: 

“Verily, As-Salah (the prayer) is enjoined on the believers at fixed hours.” [al-Nisa 4:103 – interpretation of the meaning] 

The one who abandons prayer has no share in Islam. Whoever neglects it deliberately is a kafir, as Allah says (interpretation of the meaning): 

“(And remain always) turning in repentance to Him (only), and be afraid and dutiful to Him; and perform As-Salah (Iqamat-as-Salat) and be not of Al-Mushrikin (the polytheists, idolaters, disbelievers in the Oneness of Allah).” [al-Rum 30:31] 

Islam is based on co-operation, brotherhood and love, and Allah has prescribed coming together for these prayers and others, in order to attain these virtues. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “Prayer in congregation is twenty-seven times better than prayer offered alone.” (Narrated by Muslim, no. 650) 

Prayer helps the believer at times of hardship and calamity. Allah says (interpretation of the meaning): 

“And seek help in patience and As-Salah (the prayer) and truly, it is extremely heavy and hard except for Al-Khashi‘un [i.e. the true believers in Allah — those who obey Allah with full submission, fear much from His punishment, and believe in His Promise (Paradise) and in His Warnings (Hell)].” [al-Baqarah 2:45] 

The five daily prayers wipe out sins, as the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “Do you not think that if there was a river at the door of any one of you, and he were to bathe in it five times each day, would there by any dirt left on him?” They said, “No dirt would be left on him at all.” He said, “That is the likeness of the five daily prayers, by means of which Allah erases sin.” 

Prayer in the mosque is a means of entering Paradise. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said : “Whoever comes and goes to the mosque, Allah will prepare for him a house in Paradise for each time he comes and goes.” (Narrated by Muslim, no. 669) 

Prayer brings the slave and his Creator together. It was the delight of the Messenger (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him). Whenever any matter grieved him, he would turn to prayer and converse with his Lord and call upon Him, seeking His forgiveness and asking Him of His bounty. 

Prayer done with proper humility and fear of Allah brings the Muslim closer to his Lord, and keeps him from doing evil, as Allah says (interpretation of the meaning): 

“Recite (O Muhammad) what has been revealed to you of the Book (the Quran), and perform As-Salah (Iqamat-as-Salah). Verily, As-Salah (the prayer) prevents from Al-Fahsha (i.e. great sins of every kind, unlawful sexual intercourse) and Al-Munkar (i.e. disbelief, polytheism, and every kind of evil wicked deed).” [al-'Ankabut 29:45] 

The third pillar of Islam: zakah (poor due, ‘compulsory’ charity) 

Just as Allah has created people with different colours, attitudes and levels of knowledge, so too their deeds and provision vary. He has made some of them rich and some poor, to test the rich as to whether they show gratitude, and to test the poor as to whether they are patient. Because the believers are a brotherhood, and brotherhood is based on compassion, kindness, love and mercy, Allah has enjoined upon the Muslims zakah which is taken from the rich and given to the poor. Allah says (interpretation of the meaning): 

“Take Sadaqah (alms) from their wealth in order to purify them and sanctify them with it, and invoke Allah for them. Verily, your invocations are a source of security for them.” [al-Taubah 9:103] 

Zakah purifies and cleanses wealth, and purifies the soul from stinginess and miserliness. It strengthens the love between the rich and poor, takes away hatred, makes security prevail and brings happiness to the ummah.  

Allah has made the payment of zakah obligatory upon everyone who owns the nisab (minimum amount) for one year. The rate of zakah on gold, silver, and trade goods is one quarter of ten percent. On agricultural produce and fruits the amount is one-tenth if it is irrigated (without artificial means), and one-half of one-tenth if it is irrigated by artificial means. Concerning an'am animals (i.e., sheep, goats, cattle and camels) the details are explained in the books of fiqh… Whoever pays zakat, Allah expiates his sins thereby, and blesses his wealth, and stores up for him a great reward. Allah says (interpretation of the meaning): 

“And perform As-Salah (Iqamat-as-Salah), and give Zakah, and whatever of good (deeds that Allah loves) you send forth for yourselves before you, you shall find it with Allah. Certainly, Allah is All-Seer of what you do.” [al-Baqarah 2:110] 

Withholding zakah brings disasters and evils upon the ummah. Allah has threatened those who withhold it with a painful torment on the Day of Resurrection. He says (interpretation of the meaning): 

“O you who believe! Verily, there are many of the (Jewish) rabbis and the (Christian) monks who devour the wealth of mankind in falsehood, and hinder (them) from the way of Allah (i.e. Allah’s religion of Islamic Monotheism). And those who hoard up gold and silver (Al-Kanz: the money, the Zakah of which has not been paid) and spend them not in the way of Allah, announce unto them a painful torment.

On the Day when that (Al-Kanz: money, gold and silver, the Zakah of which has not been paid) will be heated in the fire of Hell and with it will be branded their foreheads, their flanks, and their backs, (and it will be said unto them:) ‘This is the treasure which you hoarded for yourselves. Now taste of what you used to hoard’” [al-Taubah 9:34-35] 

Concealing one’s zakah is better than paying it openly in front of people, as Allah says (interpretation of the meaning): 

“If you disclose your Sadaqat (almsgiving), it is good; but if you conceal them and give them to the poor, that is better for you. (Allah) will expiate you some of your sins. And Allah is Well-Acquainted with what you do.” [al-Baqarah 2:271] 

When a Muslim pays his zakah, it is not permissible for him to give it to anyone except those whom Allah mentions in the ayah (interpretation of the meaning): 

“As-Sadaqat (here it means Zakah) are only for the Fuqara (poor), and Al-Masakin (the poor) and those employed to collect (the funds); and to attract the hearts of those who have been inclined (towards Islam); and to free the captives; and for those in debt; and for Allah’s Cause (i.e. for Mujahidun — those fighting in Allah’s cause), and for the wayfarer (a traveller who is cut off from everything); a duty imposed by Allah. And Allah is All-Knower, All-Wise.” [al-Taubah 9:60] 

The fourth pillar of Islam: sawm (fasting) in Ramadaan 

Fasting means abstaining from things which break the fast, such as food, drink and intercourse, from the break of true dawn until sunset, with the intention of fasting. 

The relationship of patience to faith is like that of the head to the body. Allah has enjoined upon this ummah fasting for one month of the year, in order to draw closer to Allah, to avoid that which Allah has forbidden, to get used to being patient, to bring the nafs (self) under control, to compete in generosity and to demonstrate cooperation and mutual compassion. Allah says (interpretation of the meaning): 

“O you who believe! Observing As-Sawm (the fasting) is prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you, that you may become Al-Muttaqun (the pious).” [al-Baqarah 2:183] 

What are the virtues of Ramadan?

Allah has made fasting the month of Ramadan obligatory upon every sane, adult Muslim, male and female alike, as He says (interpretation of the meaning): 

“The month of Ramadan in which was revealed the Quran, a guidance for mankind and clear proofs for the guidance and the criterion (between right and wrong). So whoever of you sights (the crescent on the first night of) the month (of Ramadan i.e. is present at his home), he must observe Sawm (fasts) that month, and whoever is ill or on a journey, the same number [of days which one did not observe Sawm (fasts) must be made up] from other days. Allah intends for you ease, and He does not want to make things difficult for you. (He wants that you) must complete the same number (of days), and that you must magnify Allah [i.e. to say Takbeer (Allahu Akbar: Allah is the Most Great)] for having guided you so that you may be grateful to Him.” [al-Baqarah 2:185] 

There is a great reward with Allaah for fasting. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “Every action of the son of Adam is multiplied, each good deed  receiving a tenfold to seven hundredfold reward. Allah said, ‘Except for fasting, for it is done for Me and I will give a reward for it, for he gives up his desire and food for My sake.’” (Narrated by Muslim, al-Siyam) 

The fifth pillar of Islam: Hajj (pilgrimage) 

Allah has given the Muslims a Qiblah (direction of prayer) which they face when they pray (salah) and offer supplications (du’a), wherever they may be. This qiblah is the Ancient House (the Ka’bah) in Makkah al-Mukarramah: 

“So turn your face in the direction of Al-Masjid Al-Haram (at Makkah). And wherever you people are, turn your faces (in prayer) in that direction.” [al-Baqarah 2:144 – interpretation of the meaning] 

Because the Muslims are scattered all over the world, and Islam calls people to be united and get to know one another, just as it calls them to co-operate in righteousness and piety, to recommend one another to the truth, to call people to Allah and to venerate the rites of Allah – hence Allah has made it obligatory for every sane, adult Muslim who has the means, to visit His Ancient House, to circumambulate it and to perform all the rituals of Hajj as explained by Allah and His Messenger. Allah says (interpretation of the meaning): 

“And Hajj (pilgrimage to Makkah) to the House (Ka‘bah) is a duty that mankind owes to Allah, those who can afford the expenses (for one’s conveyance, provision and residence); and whoever disbelieves [i.e. denies Hajj (pilgrimage to Makkah), then he is a disbeliever of Allah], then Allah stands not in need of any of the ‘Alamin (mankind, jinn and all that exists).” [al ‘Imran 3:97]  

Hajj is an occasion on which the unity of the Muslims, their strength and pride, are made manifest. For the Lord is One, the Book is one, the Messenger is one, the ummah is one, their worship is one and their clothing is one. 

Hajj has its own etiquette and conditions which the Muslims must observe, such as restraining their tongues, hearing and sight from all that Allah has forbidden, being sincere in their intentions, using money from good sources (for Hajj), fostering the best attitude, and avoiding everything that could invalidate the Hajj, such as sexual relations, sin or arguing unjustly, as Allah says (interpretation of the meaning):

“The Hajj (pilgrimage) is (in) the well-known (lunar year) months (i.e. the 10th month, the 11th month and the first ten days of the 12th month of the Islamic calendar, i.e. two months and ten days). So whosoever intends to perform Hajj therein (by assuming Ihram), then he should not have sexual relations (with his wife), nor commit sin, nor dispute unjustly during the Hajj. And whatever good you do, (be sure) Allah knows it. And take a provision (with you) for the journey, but the best provision is At-Taqwa (piety, righteousness). So fear Me, O men of understanding!.” [al-Baqarah 3:197]

If the Muslim does Hajj correctly, in the manner prescribed and sincerely for the sake of Allah, it will be an expiation for his sins. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “Whoever does Hajj for the sake of Allah, and does not have sexual relations or commit sins, will come back like the day his mother bore him.” (Narrated by al-Bukhari, no. 15210) 

End quote from  Usool ad-Deen al-Islami  by at-Tuwaijri

And Allah knows best

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Source: From Usool al-Deen al-Islami, by Shaykh Muhammad ibn Ibraaheem al-Tuwayjri

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The Five Pillars of Islam

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Five Pillars of Islam

Oct 14, 2014

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Five Pillars of Islam. The Pillars. Called the Five Pillars of Islam because they support Islam, just as physical pillars hold up a roof Muslims believe God commanded them to do these duties for their own good. Shahadah.

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The Pillars • Called the Five Pillars of Islam because they support Islam, just as physical pillars hold up a roof • Muslims believe God commanded them to do these duties for their own good

Shahadah • Translation: There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is the Prophet of Allah • Duty to declare the two great beliefs of Islam: Oneness of God and prophethood • Muslims are to make sure the words of the Shahadah can be seen and heard across the Muslim world

Words appear on Flags, mosque walls, in public buildings and in homes. • They are the first words a baby hears after birth, repeated in the call to prayer, used in prayers and should be the final words a Muslim speaks or hears before death • Anyone who stands in front of witnesses and makes this statement of faith considered a Muslim • This is the foundation of Islam while other 4 pillars are putting Shahadah into practice • Some Shi’ah Muslims add “…and Ali is the Friend of God.” to the end of the Shahadah

Salah • This Pillar commands Muslims to pray 5 times daily arranged about sunrise and sunset • Shi’ahs combine the afternoon and evening prayers, leaving three prayers daily • Prayer is announced by a call to prayer • Traditionally from minarets, but now even phones and radio used

Salah - Wudu • Muslims commanded to prepare for prayer by a purification ritual called Wudu • Mosques provide fountains or rooms • Specific way in which this should be done • Main purpose is to prepare spiritually • http://youtu.be/XwXbRsE-xKY

Salah con’t… • Muslims turn to face Makkah when they pray • Unifying by focusing mentally and physically on a single point on earth • Can pray anywhere, as long as it is clean. • Many prefer to pray with other Muslims or in a mosque • The sequence of actions and words in prayer is called rak’ah • Stand and recite the first chapter of the Qur’an • Bow to show how great god is • Prostrate to show complete obedience to God • Jumuah prayer is the Friday midday prayer lead by an Iman who leads prayer and delivers a sermon • Du’a prayers are personal prayers and can be in own language

Zakah • Is a duty for Muslims that can afford it • Pay 2.5% of savings to the community • Muslims believe that money is clean if obtained in accordance to God’s law and have paid God what they owe • Put in Collection boxes at mosques or to a Muslim charity • Some prefer to give it to a person directly • In some Muslim countries the government collects Zakah • Can be spent in a way that support Islam and is allowed by God’s law • Muslims who can’t afford to pay are instead directed to be generous with their time and effort

Sawm • Fasting in the month of Ramadan • Physical and spiritual exercise • Not allowed to eat, drink, smoke of have sex between dawn and dusk • Those with good reason do not fast – pregnant, nursing, very young, sick, travelers • Also known as month of the Qur’an – during his month it was revealed • Some Muslims set targets for studying the Qur’an

Eid ul Fitr • Eid ul Fitr is a festival celebrating the end of the fast after Ramadan • Presents, new clothes, and a feast characterize this event – a sense of family/community involved • Iman will give sermon reminding Muslims it is their duty to: • Care for all living beings • End hatred and anger • Help he poor and needy

Hajj • Hajj is the pilgrimage to Makkah • Happen once in a life time for those that are healthy and wealthy enough • One week each year up to three million Muslims come to the Ka’aba as part of the ritual • Ka’aba is a cube shaped stone building in the center of the Great Mosque of Islam in Makkah • Qur’an says it is the first house of worship

Hajj con’t… • Ka’aba is covered in black cloth (the Kiswah) with verses embroidered on it • In the structure is a black stone that fell from heaven – was white and turned black due to sin • Hajj involves series of rituals in/around Makkah – instructions in the Qur’an and sunnah • Ihram – All pilgrims must wear special clothing. Males wear two sheets of white cloth and females clothes of a single colour covering entire body, except the face • Shows unity between race and class amoung Muslims • Changed into before entering Makkah and worn until pilgrimage is complete – people buried in clothes

Hajj rituals Makkah - Circle the Ka’aba 7 times counterclockwise reciting pilgrim’s prayer - Touch or greet black stone when passing - Then walk from the hills of Safa to Marwath seven times • Return to Ka’aba to collect water from well of Zamzam (bottled) • Prepare for 13 mile walk to Arafat (hot temps and long journey)

Arafat • All pilgrims meet there on ninth day of month to perform Wuquf (ceremony of standing) – if fail to get there in time must repeat pilgrimage • This is site of Muhammad’s last sermon • Sermon is delivered on loud speakers • Day of prayer and reflection

Muzdalifah • Journey to Mina is broken at Muzdalifah • Pilgrims must collect 49 stones on journey • As of 2008 they were given pre-packed pebbles in plastic bags Mina • In Mina there are three stone pillars called Jamarat representing evil or temptation • Pilgrims throw their stones at them showing they reject evil • Followed by a feast of sacrifice, Eid ul Adha (celebrated by Muslims around world) • Now sacrificed meat is packaged for pilgrims to give to poor • Pilgrims return to Makkah for final circling of Ka’aba

Significance of the Pillars • Training program that develops ideal Muslim character – strengthens Islam • God commands Muslims to carry out duties – follow example of Muhammad in doing so RUSH R – Remind Muslims about the teachings of Islam U – Unite Muslims and strengthens links between them S – Support development of God-consciousness H – Help Muslims put God first in everything they do

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