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• Natural Vegetation and Wildlife

What is Natural Vegetation?

A plant population that has evolved naturally without the assistance of humans is referred to as natural vegetation. For a long period of time, they have also been unaffected by humans. This is what we refer to as virgin vegetation. Cultivated fruits and crops, as well as orchards, are considered vegetation, but not natural vegetation. Plants from a specific area or time period are referred to as flora. The word "fauna" refers to animal species.

Types of Natural Vegetation

The following are the principal types of natural vegetation in India:

1. Tropical Evergreen Rain Forests: Tropical Evergreen Rainforests are located in areas with even more than 200 cm of annual precipitation. They are mostly located in the northeastern states of Assam, Meghalaya, the Western Ghats, Nagaland, the Himalayan Tarai zones, the Andaman Islands and Arunachal Pradesh. They can also be found in the Khasi and Jaintia hills. The trees throughout this area are gaining a lot of height.

Sandalwood, Mahogany, Gurjan, Rosewood, and bamboo are the main trees grown in this region. It does have a multilayered structure due to the abundance of vegetation among all kinds – shrubs, trees, and creepers. Elephants, monkeys, and lemurs are among the species that can be found in these regions.

2. Deciduous or Monsoon Type of Forests: On the lower elevations of the Himalayas, Chhattisgarh, West Bengal, Bihar, Orissa, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Jharkhand, and the surrounding areas, deciduous forests can be found. The rainfall in this region ranges from 100 to 200 cm. Teak is the most common tree in the region. Deodar, Pal Ash,  Blue Gum, Sandalwood,  Sal, Ebony, Arjun, Khair, and Bamboo are among the other trees. Mostly during dry summers and winters, the trees in this forest lose their leaves. These forests are further classified into humid and dry deciduous forests depending upon the availability of water.

3. Dry Deciduous Forests and Scrubs: Such forests thrive in climates with annual precipitation ranging from 50 to 100 centimeters. The Central Deccan plateau, Haryana, Punjab, portions of Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and the southeast of Rajasthan are the most affected.

4. Semi Desert and Desert Vegetation: The annual rainfall in this region is less than 50 cm. This vegetation zone is home to thorny trees, acacia, and Babul. The Indian wild date is commonly found in this region. They have dense flesh and broad roots. Plants in this area hold water in their stems to help them survive the drought. Gujarat, Punjab, and Rajasthan all have this kind of vegetation.

5. Tidal or Mangrove Forests: Rainfall totals only about 50 cm in this region. This vegetation zone is home to thorny acacia, bushes, and Babul trees. Here is where you'll find the Indian wild date. Large roots and dense flesh are characteristics of this species. This region's plants store water in their stems to withstand the drought. Gujarat, Punjab, and Rajasthan all have areas with this kind of vegetation. In such forests, the ‘Sundari' is perhaps the most important tree. Hogla, Pasur, Garan, and other tidal forest trees are significant. This forest is vital to the forestry industry because it provides both timber and firewood. The coastal strip is adorned with palm and coconut trees.

Natural Vegetative Propagation

When an axillary bud develops into a lateral shoot that has its own roots, this is considered as biological vegetative propagation (also termed as adventitious roots). Bulbs, stolons, rhizomes, and tubers are plant systems that allow for natural vegetative propagation. Since specialized organs of vegetative reproduction, such as seeds in annuals, help to withstand seasonally harsh environments, some species of plants that withstand and substantially grow through vegetative reproduction are almost by definition perennial. A clonal community is a plant that survives in a given location by the vegetative reproduction of organisms over a prolonged period of time.

In certain ways, Natural vegetative propagation is a method of survival and growth of the individual's biomass rather than reproduction. The process of "vegetative development" occurs when an individual organism grows in size through cell multiplication while remaining intact.

Wildlife used to belong to undomesticated animal species, but it has since expanded to include those animals that evolve or live in the wild without being established by humans. In all habitats, wildlife can be identified. Deserts, grasslands, wetlands, deserts, rainforests, and other regions, including the world's most populated cities, all have unique wildlife.

Although the term is also used to refer to species that are unaffected by human activity, many scientists believe that human activities have a significant impact on wildlife. Humans have traditionally tried to keep society and wildlife apart in a variety of ways, including legal, social, and moral ones. Some species, on the other hand, have adapted to suburban life. Domesticated cats, mice, dogs, dogs, and rats are examples of this. Few religions consider such species to be sacred, and environmental activists have protested against the destruction of wildlife for human benefit or entertainment in recent eras.

Some of the examples of wildlife are given below:

Gir National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary, also known as Sasan Gir in Gujarat is home to Asiatic lions.

India is also home to the most magnificent mammal on the planet: the elephant.

Tigers are generally found in the Himalayan region, in the forests of Madhya Pradesh, and in the Sundarbans of West Bengal.

The leopard is one of the most important animals of prey.

The wetlands and forests are home to peacocks, pheasants, ducks, parakeets, cranes, and pigeons.

The one-horned rhinoceroses live in the swampy and marshy areas of Assam and West Bengal.

The Tibetan antelope, The yak, the shaggy horned wild ox weighing around one ton, wild sheep, the bharal (blue sheep), and the kiang (Tibetan wild ass) are found in the freezing high altitudes of Ladakh.

Camels and wild asses are found in arid areas of the Thar Desert, and the Rann of Kachchh, respectively.

Turtles, crocodiles, and gharials are generally found in lakes, rivers, ponds, and coastal environments.

Uses of Wildlife

For food: People and trappers in the Stone Age depended on wildlife, including animals and plants, for food. In reality, ancient human hunters might just have hunted some species to extinction. In certain areas of the world, fishing, hunting, and collecting wildlife is still a major food source. Hunting and non-commercial fishing are primarily viewed as a hobby or recreational activity in many other countries.

Bushmeat is meat produced through wildlife that isn't usually considered a game. The increased supply of wildlife as a popular food source in East Asia is decimating communities of sharks, pangolins, primates, and some other animals believed to have aphrodisiac qualities.

As pets and in medicinal ingredients: Others, including parrots and monkeys, are meant for the pet industry and are frequently brought into the United States. Certain Amazon species become famous ingredients in local markets' traditional medicines. The medicinal value of animal parts is primarily dependent on folklore.

Conservation of Natural Vegetation and Wildlife

Below given points state the reasons for the conservation of natural vegetation and wildlife:

Forests provide us with oxygen and precipitation.

Soil erosion is prevented by forests.

Pollination and seed dispersal are both based on animals and birds for plants.

Forests supply us with a variety of medicines.

In industries, a variety of forest products are being used as raw resources.

They are a constant in the natural world.

These wildlife communities help to preserve ecological balance.

Some animals are extinct, and others are on the verge of becoming extinct.

Endangered animals ought to be safeguarded.

Wildlife has the same right to exist on this planet as humans.

Initiatives by the Government to Protect Natural Vegetation and Fauna

Pollution, commercial hunting, deforestation to make way for cultivable and habitable land, acid deposits, and so forth. are main causes of threat to nature.

The Wildlife Protection Act was introduced by the government in 1972. 

In India, 10 out of the 18 biosphere reserves set up have been incorporated in the world network of biosphere reserves.

There are 104 national parks, 535 wildlife santuaries, and various zoological gardens in order to safeguard the country's flora and animals. 

For the preservation of endangered animals, various government projects, such as Project Tiger, Project Rhino, Project Great Indian Bustard and many other eco-developmental projects have been introduced. 

The government has been providing financial and technical aid to the Botanical Gardens since 1992.

The government has also taken actions to protect natural resources, including UNESCO Protected 18  biosphere reserves.

Various projects and programs have been launched for the protection of wildlife such as Project Tiger, Project Lion, Project Elephant, Project Vulture, etc.

Changes in Natural Vegetation of India

In huge regions of India, the vegetation cover is no longer natural. It has seen significant transformations as a result of a multitude of factors, including the rising demand for arable land, industrial expansion, and mining. The vegetation of the majority of areas has been modified, replaced, or degraded by human habitation in some areas except for some inaccessible locations such as the Himalayas, central India's hilly region, and the marusthali. urbanization and pasture overgrazing.

FAQs on Natural Vegetation and Wildlife

1. What is the importance of wildlife?

Wildlife contributes to the ecological balance of the environment. Carnivore extinction results in a rise in the number of herbivores, which has an effect on forest vegetation. As a result of a lack of resources in the forest, they migrate to agricultural land and kill the crops. Wildlife refers to the birds, plants, animals, and other creatures that live in a forest. Wildlife also balances our earth. So, It also helps the economy of our country as well as the world.

2. What factors have an effect on natural vegetation?

Natural vegetation is defined as an area that exists independently of human intervention.  It depends upon the various environmental factors that mainly include the relief and the climate. The land and soil come under the category of relief while the sunlight, temperature, rainfall, humidity, precipitation, etc come under the category of climate. It is not touched by humans in its original form. Its growth depends upon various environmental factors. The factors that have an effect on natural vegetation:

Photoperiod

Precipitation

Temperature

3. Why does India have such diverse flora and animal heritage?

India is one of the world's twelve mega biodiversity countries. India ranks ninth in the world and fourth in Asia in terms of plant diversity, with over 47,000 species. India has over 15,000 flowering plants, accounting for about 6% of the total number of flowering plants on the planet. Non-flowering plants, such as ferns, algae, and fungi, abound in India. India also has 89,000 species of animals as well as a rich variety of fish.

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Importance of natural vegetation and conservation.

Natural vegetation is a crucial part of nature, playing a role in keeping things in balance. Importance of natural vegetation has a great value, as it regulates water, carbon, and nitrogen cycles.

Using sunlight, plants create biomass, which is the foundation for all the food chains in nature. Plants also impact the balance of energy on the Earth’s surface and in the air around it, helping to even out extreme local weather conditions.

Besides these things, natural vegetation release oxygen and store carbon. Over time, they help in the development of soil, making it more productive. Plants are homes and food for wildlife, and they give us things we directly use, like wood, and indirect benefits, such as protecting water sources.

Table of Contents

Importance of Natural Vegetation

Plants are vital for the overall health of the planet , as each species plays a unique role in the ecosystem, ensuring its resilience to changes. When we conserve natural vegetation, we preserve habitats that countless organisms rely on for survival.

Conserving natural vegetation is crucial for many reasons, these ecosystems support a wide variety of plants and animals, creating a balanced and diverse environment.

Here is how natural vegetation is importance for all living on the earth.

The Ecological Importance of Natural Vegetation

Natural vegetation plays a fundamental role in maintaining ecological balance, fostering biodiversity, and providing essential ecosystem services that contribute to the overall health of the planet.

 Ecological Role of Natural Vegetation

The ecological role of natural vegetation refers to the functions and contributions of plant life within ecosystems. This includes processes such as nutrient cycling, soil stabilization, and the regulation of water flow.

Natural vegetation acts as the foundation of ecosystems, influencing the physical and chemical properties of the environment. It contributes to the health and stability of ecosystems by providing habitats for various organisms, influencing climate patterns, and participating in nutrient cycles.

Biodiversity and Natural Vegetation

Biodiversity in the context of natural vegetation refers to the variety of plant and animal species present in a particular habitat. It encompasses genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity.

Natural vegetation supports a rich diversity of life, from microorganisms to large mammals. Biodiversity is crucial for ecosystem resilience, as each species plays a unique role in maintaining ecosystem functions. The loss of natural vegetation can lead to a decline in biodiversity, impacting the overall health of the environment.

Ecosystem Services Provided by Natural Vegetation

Ecosystem services are the benefits that humans and other organisms derive from ecosystems. Natural vegetation contributes to various ecosystem services, including provisioning, regulating, supporting, and cultural services.

Ecosystem services provided by natural vegetation include clean air and water, pollination of crops, climate regulation, and the provision of raw materials. These services are essential for human well-being and the functioning of ecosystems.

Environmental Benefits of Natural Vegetation

Natural vegetation offers a myriad of environmental benefits, from mitigating climate change to sustaining life by producing oxygen and sequestering carbon.

Carbon Sequestration by Natural Vegetation

Carbon sequestration refers to the capture and storage of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Natural vegetation, especially forests, plays a critical role in sequestering carbon through the process of photosynthesis.

Trees and plants absorb carbon dioxide during photosynthesis and store carbon in their biomass. This helps mitigate the greenhouse effect, reducing the impact of climate change by regulating atmospheric carbon levels.

Oxygen Production from Natural Vegetation

Oxygen production is the release of oxygen into the atmosphere as a byproduct of photosynthesis, a process carried out by plants and certain microorganisms.

Natural vegetation, particularly forests and phytoplankton in aquatic ecosystems, is a primary source of oxygen production. This oxygen is vital for the survival of aerobic organisms, including humans.

Climate Change Mitigation and Natural Vegetation

Climate change mitigation involves actions that reduce or prevent the emission of greenhouse gases and enhance the capacity of ecosystems to absorb and store carbon.

Natural vegetation plays a crucial role in mitigating climate change by absorbing carbon dioxide, regulating temperatures, and preserving biodiversity. Conserving and restoring natural vegetation are essential strategies for addressing climate change.

Also Read: Human Role in Biodiversity Conservation

Economic Significance of Natural Vegetation

Natural vegetation holds economic value through sustainable resource use, agriculture, forestry, and contributions to local economies.

Economic Value of Natural Vegetation

The economic value of natural vegetation refers to the direct and indirect contributions of plant ecosystems to local and global economies.

Natural vegetation provides resources such as timber, non-timber forest products, and pharmaceuticals. Additionally, ecosystems like wetlands and mangroves contribute to fisheries, tourism, and other economic activities.

Sustainable Resource Use from Natural Vegetation

Sustainable resource use involves harvesting natural resources in a manner that allows ecosystems to regenerate and maintain their ecological functions.

Using resources sustainably from natural vegetation includes practices such as selective logging, agroforestry, and the cultivation of non-timber forest products. These practices ensure the long-term viability of natural resources.

Role in Agriculture and Forestry

The role of natural vegetation in agriculture and forestry encompasses the influence of plant ecosystems on food production, soil fertility, and forestry practices.

Natural vegetation provides essential services to agriculture, such as pollination, pest control, and soil fertility. Forests contribute to timber production, watershed protection, and the preservation of biodiversity.

Cultural and Aesthetic Value

Natural vegetation holds cultural significance, aesthetic beauty, and indigenous knowledge that contribute to human well-being and identity.

Cultural Significance of Natural Vegetation

Cultural significance refers to the importance of natural vegetation in shaping the identity, beliefs, and practices of different human cultures.

Many cultures around the world have spiritual, religious, and symbolic connections to natural landscapes. Trees, plants, and ecosystems are often integral to cultural practices and traditions.

Aesthetic Beauty of Natural Vegetation

Aesthetic beauty in natural vegetation pertains to the visual appeal and artistic inspiration derived from the diverse and intricate forms found in plant ecosystems.

Natural vegetation, from lush forests to arid deserts, provides breathtaking scenery that inspires artists, poets, and nature enthusiasts. The aesthetic beauty of landscapes contributes to the well-being of individuals and societies.

Indigenous Knowledge and Natural Vegetation

Indigenous knowledge refers to the traditional ecological knowledge and practices developed by indigenous communities regarding natural vegetation.

Explanation: Indigenous communities often possess profound knowledge about the uses of plants for medicine, food, and materials. Preserving and respecting indigenous knowledge contributes to sustainable resource management.

Wildlife Habitat

Natural vegetation serves as critical habitat for wildlife, supporting diverse fauna and playing a key role in the conservation of natural habitats.

Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Habitat

Natural vegetation as wildlife habitat refers to the ecosystems that provide food, shelter, and breeding grounds for a wide variety of animal species.

Different types of natural vegetation, such as forests, grasslands, and wetlands, offer unique habitats for various wildlife species. These habitats are essential for the survival and reproduction of fauna.

Importance of Natural Vegetation for Fauna

The importance of natural vegetation for fauna underscores the reliance of animal species on specific plant ecosystems for their survival.

Animals depend on natural vegetation for food, shelter, and breeding sites. The composition and structure of plant communities influence the diversity and abundance of wildlife in an ecosystem.

Conservation of Natural Habitats for Wildlife

Conservation of natural habitats for wildlife involves efforts to protect and restore ecosystems that provide crucial habitats for a variety of animal species.

Conservation initiatives focus on preserving and restoring natural vegetation to ensure the continuity of wildlife populations. This includes creating wildlife corridors, establishing protected areas, and addressing habitat fragmentation.

Educational Aspects of Natural Vegetation

Natural vegetation serves as a valuable educational resource, providing opportunities for studying ecology, environmental science, and fostering an understanding of the natural world.

Educational Value of Studying Natural Vegetation

The educational value of studying natural vegetation refers to the opportunities it offers for learning about ecosystems, plant biology, and environmental processes.

Natural vegetation provides real-world examples for studying ecological concepts, plant adaptations, and the interdependence of living organisms. Field studies and observations in natural ecosystems enhance educational experiences.

Role of Natural Vegetation in Environmental Education

The role of natural vegetation in environmental education involves using plant ecosystems as a tool for teaching ecological principles, conservation, and sustainability.

Natural vegetation provides a tangible and relatable context for teaching environmental concepts. It fosters an appreciation for the interconnectedness of ecosystems and the importance of conservation.

Learning from Natural Ecosystems

Learning from natural ecosystems involves gaining insights and knowledge from the functioning and dynamics of plant communities and their interactions with other components of the environment.

Observing natural ecosystems helps students and researchers understand ecological processes, biodiversity, and the impacts of human activities on the environment. It encourages a holistic approach to environmental science.

Human Well-being

The connection between natural vegetation and human well-being encompasses physical health benefits, psychological well-being, and the recreational value of natural environments.

Connection between Natural Vegetation and Human Well-being

The connection between natural vegetation and human well-being acknowledges the positive impact of green spaces on physical and mental health.

Access to natural vegetation is associated with improved air quality, reduced stress levels, and enhanced overall well-being. Green spaces in urban environments provide respite from the demands of modern life.

Health Benefits of Natural Vegetation

Definition: Health benefits of natural vegetation encompass the positive effects on physical health resulting from exposure to natural environments.

Spending time in nature has been linked to lower blood pressure, reduced risk of chronic diseases, and improved immune function. Natural vegetation promotes physical activity and a healthy lifestyle.

Recreational Value of Natural Vegetation

The recreational value of natural vegetation refers to the enjoyment and leisure activities that individuals can engage in within natural environments.

Natural vegetation provides opportunities for activities such as hiking, birdwatching, camping, and photography. Recreation in natural settings contributes to stress reduction, relaxation, and overall life satisfaction.

Climate Change Resilience

Natural vegetation plays a crucial role in building resilience to climate change, adapting to changing environmental conditions, and mitigating the impacts of extreme weather events.

Natural Vegetation and Climate Change Resilience

Natural vegetation contributes to climate change resilience by enhancing the ability of ecosystems to withstand and recover from the impacts of climate change.

Diverse and healthy ecosystems, including forests, wetlands, and mangroves, provide natural buffers against extreme weather events, regulate water flow, and contribute to overall ecosystem stability.

Adapting to Climate Change through Natural Ecosystems

Adapting to climate change through natural ecosystems involves using sustainable land management practices to enhance the resilience of ecosystems and communities.

Protecting and restoring natural vegetation is a key strategy for adapting to the changing climate. Ecosystems with intact vegetation are better equipped to withstand droughts, floods, and temperature extremes.

Mitigating the Impacts of Extreme Weather Events with Natural Vegetation

Mitigating the impacts of extreme weather events with natural vegetation involves utilizing the protective and stabilizing functions of ecosystems to reduce the severity of climate-related disasters.

Coastal vegetation, such as mangroves and dune ecosystems, helps mitigate the impacts of hurricanes and storm surges. Forests play a crucial role in preventing landslides and reducing the risk of flash floods.

Global Perspectives on Natural Vegetation

Understanding the global importance of natural vegetation involves recognizing its role in international conservation efforts and addressing cross-border implications of vegetation loss.

Global Importance of Natural Vegetation

The global importance of natural vegetation acknowledges the interconnectedness of ecosystems and the impact of vegetation loss on a worldwide scale.

Natural vegetation contributes to global biodiversity, climate regulation, and the provision of ecosystem services. Changes in vegetation patterns have far-reaching consequences that extend beyond national borders.

International Efforts for Natural Vegetation Conservation

International efforts for natural vegetation conservation involve collaborative initiatives, agreements, and programs aimed at protecting global biodiversity and ecosystems.

Organizations such as UNESCO and international agreements like the Convention on Biological Diversity focus on the conservation of natural vegetation at a global scale. Cooperative efforts are essential for addressing transboundary environmental challenges.

Cross-border Implications of Natural Vegetation Loss

Cross-border implications of natural vegetation loss refer to the environmental and socio-economic impacts that extend across political boundaries.

Deforestation, pollution, and climate change-induced vegetation loss can affect neighboring countries. Collaborative strategies are necessary to address shared challenges and promote sustainable land management practices.

Conservation and Preservation of Natural Vegetation

The conservation and preservation of natural vegetation are imperative for maintaining biodiversity, ecological balance, and sustaining essential ecosystem services.

Importance of Preserving Natural Vegetation

Preserving natural vegetation involves protecting and maintaining existing plant communities and ecosystems.

Preserving natural vegetation is essential to safeguard the ecological integrity of habitats, prevent species extinction, and maintain the balance of ecosystems. It contributes to the overall health and resilience of the environment.

Conservation of Biodiversity in Natural Vegetation

Biodiversity conservation within natural vegetation focuses on the protection of diverse plant and animal species within their natural habitats.

Conservation efforts aim to preserve the genetic diversity, species richness, and ecosystem diversity found in natural vegetation. This involves creating protected areas, implementing sustainable land management practices, and addressing threats to biodiversity.

Threats to Natural Vegetation and Conservation Efforts

Threats to natural vegetation encompass human activities such as and natural processes that degrade or destroy plant communities. Conservation efforts involve strategies to mitigate these threats and promote sustainable practices.

Human activities that harm natural vegetation includes cutting down too many trees (deforestation) using too much forest land, not taking care of forests properly, farming, taking over forest land, burning and clearing forests, wildfires, building more cities, taking too much from nature, making the environment worse, and other things can harm the plants and trees.

Natural factors influencing vegetation includes land slope, soil thickness, how wet it is, and how hot or cold it is can affect how plants grow. Out of these, how hot or wet it is are the most important.

Conservation efforts may involve reforestation, habitat restoration, and the establishment of protected areas. Collaborative initiatives are crucial for addressing global threats to natural vegetation.

Conserving natural vegetation is crucial for many reasons. Firstly, these ecosystems support a wide variety of plants and animals, creating a balanced and diverse environment.

Biodiversity is vital for the overall health of the planet, as each species plays a unique role in the ecosystem, ensuring its resilience to changes. When we conserve natural vegetation, we preserve habitats that countless organisms rely on for survival.

Another important aspect is the role of natural vegetation in providing essential services. Trees and plants help purify the air we breathe and regulate local climates. Forests, for instance, act like nature’s filters, trapping pollutants and releasing oxygen.

Conserving natural vegetation is like maintaining the Earth’s life support system, ensuring clean air, stable weather patterns, and fertile soil for agriculture.

For human well-being importance of natural vegetation can’t be denied these ecosystems contribute to our physical and mental health. Green spaces offer a peaceful escape from the hustle and bustle

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Wildlife Conservation Essay

The phrase "wildlife conservation" serves as a reminder to protect the resources that nature has given us as a gift. Animals that have not been domesticated or tamed are represented by wildlife. They are the only wild animals that live in a natural environment. Here are a few sample essays on the topic ‘wildlife conservation’.

100 Words Essay On Wildlife Conservation

Animals, plants, and their habitats are preserved and protected through wildlife conservation. Similar to forests, wildlife is a national resource that contributes to ecological balance and is also valuable from an economic, recreational, and aesthetic standpoint. There was a time when there was no human intervention, there were a lot of wild animals, and there was no issue with protecting or conserving them.

However, as agriculture, settlement, industry, and other developmental activities increased, as well as largely as a result of human greed, the number of wild animals rapidly decreased. As a result, a number of animal species have already gone extinct, and a number more are in danger of doing so. In order to preserve the environment and life on Earth, it is essential that we concentrate on wildlife conservation.

200 Words Essay On Wildlife Conservation

Need for wildlife conservation.

The need for wildlife conservation results from how human beings are altering lifestyles and advancing ways of living. The massive clearing of trees and forests is causing the habitats of wildlife to be destroyed. The mass extinction of wildlife species is the result of human beings' careless actions. Poaching and hunting are illegal activities; no animal may be killed for recreational purposes.

Wild animals and plants crucially maintain the ecological balance. They have to be considered necessary. The threat to wildlife comes from a variety of sources. Significant factors contributing to the decline of animals include rising pollution, climatic changes, resource overuse, irregular hunting and poaching, habitat degradation, etc. The government has created and modified a large number of laws and regulations aimed at protecting animals.

As we know, deforestation is a huge problem when we speak of wildlife conservation. Trees and forests are home to numerous animals and birds. Thus we need to plant more trees and stop cutting them as well. My school has recently decided to plant trees near our school area, which is empty. This might be a small initiative, but we need to have more afforestation so that it can have a significant impact and help us conserve wildlife.

500 Words Essay On Wildlife Conservation

Like trees and animals, wildlife is a domestic resource that helps maintain the natural balance and has aesthetic, recreational, and economic advantages. When humans were not present, there were numerous wild animals and little concern for their protection or conservation.

Importance Of Wildlife Conservation

The wildlife in our ecosystem is a crucial component. Here are a few justifications for protecting wildlife:

Wild plants provide one-third of the world's pharmaceutical needs regarding medicinal value. For medical science and technology research, forests offer a wealth of opportunities. Additionally, it gives an excellent opportunity to produce therapeutic drugs on a vast scale.

Maintains the health of our environment by assisting with global temperature regulation. Additionally, it aids in preventing the greenhouse effect and halting sea level rise.

Helps to maintain ecological harmony - In this regard, the interdependence of plants and animals is crucial.

Forests are important economically because they provide raw materials that support the nation's economic development and raise living standards.

Causes Of Wildlife Depletion

Habitat Loss - The intentional destruction of forests and agricultural land for numerous construction projects, roads, and dams significantly reduce the habitat for various species of creatures and plants. Animals are deprived of their habitat by these practices. As a result, they either need to find a new environment or go extinct.

Overexploitation of Resources - Although resources should be used wisely, they are overused when they are used unnaturally. The usage will contribute to species extinction.

Hunting and poaching - These activities are terrible since they include trapping and killing animals for sport or to gain a particular item. Ivory, skin, horn, and other valuable animal goods are a few examples. They are collected by hunting and killing the animals after extracting the product or holding them captive. As a result, there are more and more mass extinctions; the musk deer is one example.

Using Animals for Research - Many animals are used in research labs of academic institutions to assess outcomes. The mass extinction of the species is the effect of taking in such a significant number of them.

Pollution - Unwanted changes in the environment's condition lead to a polluted one—likewise, air, water, and soil pollution. However, the decline in the diversity of animal and plant species can be directly attributed to changes in the air, water, and soil quality.

Impact on Marine Biodiversity - Contaminated water significantly impacts marine biodiversity because the pollutants disrupt the marine biota's ability to function. The contaminants and temperature variations have a significant impact on the coral reef.

My Contribution

The organisation under which I work is building some zoos. In these zoos, we will keep the endangered and rare animals near the forest area in our locality. They will be safe and can be taken care of in this manner. Poaching is another reason for the depletion of wildlife. These zoos will also ensure that these endangered species are not killed and can safely continue their race. I am very proud of my organisation and encourage other organisations and the government to take specific steps for the safety of these animals so they can live peacefully.

Explore Career Options (By Industry)

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Data Administrator

Database professionals use software to store and organise data such as financial information, and customer shipping records. Individuals who opt for a career as data administrators ensure that data is available for users and secured from unauthorised sales. DB administrators may work in various types of industries. It may involve computer systems design, service firms, insurance companies, banks and hospitals.

Bio Medical Engineer

The field of biomedical engineering opens up a universe of expert chances. An Individual in the biomedical engineering career path work in the field of engineering as well as medicine, in order to find out solutions to common problems of the two fields. The biomedical engineering job opportunities are to collaborate with doctors and researchers to develop medical systems, equipment, or devices that can solve clinical problems. Here we will be discussing jobs after biomedical engineering, how to get a job in biomedical engineering, biomedical engineering scope, and salary. 

Ethical Hacker

A career as ethical hacker involves various challenges and provides lucrative opportunities in the digital era where every giant business and startup owns its cyberspace on the world wide web. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path try to find the vulnerabilities in the cyber system to get its authority. If he or she succeeds in it then he or she gets its illegal authority. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path then steal information or delete the file that could affect the business, functioning, or services of the organization.

GIS officer work on various GIS software to conduct a study and gather spatial and non-spatial information. GIS experts update the GIS data and maintain it. The databases include aerial or satellite imagery, latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates, and manually digitized images of maps. In a career as GIS expert, one is responsible for creating online and mobile maps.

Data Analyst

The invention of the database has given fresh breath to the people involved in the data analytics career path. Analysis refers to splitting up a whole into its individual components for individual analysis. Data analysis is a method through which raw data are processed and transformed into information that would be beneficial for user strategic thinking.

Data are collected and examined to respond to questions, evaluate hypotheses or contradict theories. It is a tool for analyzing, transforming, modeling, and arranging data with useful knowledge, to assist in decision-making and methods, encompassing various strategies, and is used in different fields of business, research, and social science.

Geothermal Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as geothermal engineers are the professionals involved in the processing of geothermal energy. The responsibilities of geothermal engineers may vary depending on the workplace location. Those who work in fields design facilities to process and distribute geothermal energy. They oversee the functioning of machinery used in the field.

Database Architect

If you are intrigued by the programming world and are interested in developing communications networks then a career as database architect may be a good option for you. Data architect roles and responsibilities include building design models for data communication networks. Wide Area Networks (WANs), local area networks (LANs), and intranets are included in the database networks. It is expected that database architects will have in-depth knowledge of a company's business to develop a network to fulfil the requirements of the organisation. Stay tuned as we look at the larger picture and give you more information on what is db architecture, why you should pursue database architecture, what to expect from such a degree and what your job opportunities will be after graduation. Here, we will be discussing how to become a data architect. Students can visit NIT Trichy , IIT Kharagpur , JMI New Delhi . 

Remote Sensing Technician

Individuals who opt for a career as a remote sensing technician possess unique personalities. Remote sensing analysts seem to be rational human beings, they are strong, independent, persistent, sincere, realistic and resourceful. Some of them are analytical as well, which means they are intelligent, introspective and inquisitive. 

Remote sensing scientists use remote sensing technology to support scientists in fields such as community planning, flight planning or the management of natural resources. Analysing data collected from aircraft, satellites or ground-based platforms using statistical analysis software, image analysis software or Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a significant part of their work. Do you want to learn how to become remote sensing technician? There's no need to be concerned; we've devised a simple remote sensing technician career path for you. Scroll through the pages and read.

Budget Analyst

Budget analysis, in a nutshell, entails thoroughly analyzing the details of a financial budget. The budget analysis aims to better understand and manage revenue. Budget analysts assist in the achievement of financial targets, the preservation of profitability, and the pursuit of long-term growth for a business. Budget analysts generally have a bachelor's degree in accounting, finance, economics, or a closely related field. Knowledge of Financial Management is of prime importance in this career.

Underwriter

An underwriter is a person who assesses and evaluates the risk of insurance in his or her field like mortgage, loan, health policy, investment, and so on and so forth. The underwriter career path does involve risks as analysing the risks means finding out if there is a way for the insurance underwriter jobs to recover the money from its clients. If the risk turns out to be too much for the company then in the future it is an underwriter who will be held accountable for it. Therefore, one must carry out his or her job with a lot of attention and diligence.

Finance Executive

Product manager.

A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.  

Operations Manager

Individuals in the operations manager jobs are responsible for ensuring the efficiency of each department to acquire its optimal goal. They plan the use of resources and distribution of materials. The operations manager's job description includes managing budgets, negotiating contracts, and performing administrative tasks.

Stock Analyst

Individuals who opt for a career as a stock analyst examine the company's investments makes decisions and keep track of financial securities. The nature of such investments will differ from one business to the next. Individuals in the stock analyst career use data mining to forecast a company's profits and revenues, advise clients on whether to buy or sell, participate in seminars, and discussing financial matters with executives and evaluate annual reports.

A Researcher is a professional who is responsible for collecting data and information by reviewing the literature and conducting experiments and surveys. He or she uses various methodological processes to provide accurate data and information that is utilised by academicians and other industry professionals. Here, we will discuss what is a researcher, the researcher's salary, types of researchers.

Welding Engineer

Welding Engineer Job Description: A Welding Engineer work involves managing welding projects and supervising welding teams. He or she is responsible for reviewing welding procedures, processes and documentation. A career as Welding Engineer involves conducting failure analyses and causes on welding issues. 

Transportation Planner

A career as Transportation Planner requires technical application of science and technology in engineering, particularly the concepts, equipment and technologies involved in the production of products and services. In fields like land use, infrastructure review, ecological standards and street design, he or she considers issues of health, environment and performance. A Transportation Planner assigns resources for implementing and designing programmes. He or she is responsible for assessing needs, preparing plans and forecasts and compliance with regulations.

Environmental Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as an environmental engineer are construction professionals who utilise the skills and knowledge of biology, soil science, chemistry and the concept of engineering to design and develop projects that serve as solutions to various environmental problems. 

Safety Manager

A Safety Manager is a professional responsible for employee’s safety at work. He or she plans, implements and oversees the company’s employee safety. A Safety Manager ensures compliance and adherence to Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) guidelines.

Conservation Architect

A Conservation Architect is a professional responsible for conserving and restoring buildings or monuments having a historic value. He or she applies techniques to document and stabilise the object’s state without any further damage. A Conservation Architect restores the monuments and heritage buildings to bring them back to their original state.

Structural Engineer

A Structural Engineer designs buildings, bridges, and other related structures. He or she analyzes the structures and makes sure the structures are strong enough to be used by the people. A career as a Structural Engineer requires working in the construction process. It comes under the civil engineering discipline. A Structure Engineer creates structural models with the help of computer-aided design software. 

Highway Engineer

Highway Engineer Job Description:  A Highway Engineer is a civil engineer who specialises in planning and building thousands of miles of roads that support connectivity and allow transportation across the country. He or she ensures that traffic management schemes are effectively planned concerning economic sustainability and successful implementation.

Field Surveyor

Are you searching for a Field Surveyor Job Description? A Field Surveyor is a professional responsible for conducting field surveys for various places or geographical conditions. He or she collects the required data and information as per the instructions given by senior officials. 

Orthotist and Prosthetist

Orthotists and Prosthetists are professionals who provide aid to patients with disabilities. They fix them to artificial limbs (prosthetics) and help them to regain stability. There are times when people lose their limbs in an accident. In some other occasions, they are born without a limb or orthopaedic impairment. Orthotists and prosthetists play a crucial role in their lives with fixing them to assistive devices and provide mobility.

Pathologist

A career in pathology in India is filled with several responsibilities as it is a medical branch and affects human lives. The demand for pathologists has been increasing over the past few years as people are getting more aware of different diseases. Not only that, but an increase in population and lifestyle changes have also contributed to the increase in a pathologist’s demand. The pathology careers provide an extremely huge number of opportunities and if you want to be a part of the medical field you can consider being a pathologist. If you want to know more about a career in pathology in India then continue reading this article.

Veterinary Doctor

Speech therapist, gynaecologist.

Gynaecology can be defined as the study of the female body. The job outlook for gynaecology is excellent since there is evergreen demand for one because of their responsibility of dealing with not only women’s health but also fertility and pregnancy issues. Although most women prefer to have a women obstetrician gynaecologist as their doctor, men also explore a career as a gynaecologist and there are ample amounts of male doctors in the field who are gynaecologists and aid women during delivery and childbirth. 

Audiologist

The audiologist career involves audiology professionals who are responsible to treat hearing loss and proactively preventing the relevant damage. Individuals who opt for a career as an audiologist use various testing strategies with the aim to determine if someone has a normal sensitivity to sounds or not. After the identification of hearing loss, a hearing doctor is required to determine which sections of the hearing are affected, to what extent they are affected, and where the wound causing the hearing loss is found. As soon as the hearing loss is identified, the patients are provided with recommendations for interventions and rehabilitation such as hearing aids, cochlear implants, and appropriate medical referrals. While audiology is a branch of science that studies and researches hearing, balance, and related disorders.

An oncologist is a specialised doctor responsible for providing medical care to patients diagnosed with cancer. He or she uses several therapies to control the cancer and its effect on the human body such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and biopsy. An oncologist designs a treatment plan based on a pathology report after diagnosing the type of cancer and where it is spreading inside the body.

Are you searching for an ‘Anatomist job description’? An Anatomist is a research professional who applies the laws of biological science to determine the ability of bodies of various living organisms including animals and humans to regenerate the damaged or destroyed organs. If you want to know what does an anatomist do, then read the entire article, where we will answer all your questions.

For an individual who opts for a career as an actor, the primary responsibility is to completely speak to the character he or she is playing and to persuade the crowd that the character is genuine by connecting with them and bringing them into the story. This applies to significant roles and littler parts, as all roles join to make an effective creation. Here in this article, we will discuss how to become an actor in India, actor exams, actor salary in India, and actor jobs. 

Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats create and direct original routines for themselves, in addition to developing interpretations of existing routines. The work of circus acrobats can be seen in a variety of performance settings, including circus, reality shows, sports events like the Olympics, movies and commercials. Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats must be prepared to face rejections and intermittent periods of work. The creativity of acrobats may extend to other aspects of the performance. For example, acrobats in the circus may work with gym trainers, celebrities or collaborate with other professionals to enhance such performance elements as costume and or maybe at the teaching end of the career.

Video Game Designer

Career as a video game designer is filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. A video game designer is someone who is involved in the process of creating a game from day one. He or she is responsible for fulfilling duties like designing the character of the game, the several levels involved, plot, art and similar other elements. Individuals who opt for a career as a video game designer may also write the codes for the game using different programming languages.

Depending on the video game designer job description and experience they may also have to lead a team and do the early testing of the game in order to suggest changes and find loopholes.

Radio Jockey

Radio Jockey is an exciting, promising career and a great challenge for music lovers. If you are really interested in a career as radio jockey, then it is very important for an RJ to have an automatic, fun, and friendly personality. If you want to get a job done in this field, a strong command of the language and a good voice are always good things. Apart from this, in order to be a good radio jockey, you will also listen to good radio jockeys so that you can understand their style and later make your own by practicing.

A career as radio jockey has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. If you want to know more about a career as radio jockey, and how to become a radio jockey then continue reading the article.

Choreographer

The word “choreography" actually comes from Greek words that mean “dance writing." Individuals who opt for a career as a choreographer create and direct original dances, in addition to developing interpretations of existing dances. A Choreographer dances and utilises his or her creativity in other aspects of dance performance. For example, he or she may work with the music director to select music or collaborate with other famous choreographers to enhance such performance elements as lighting, costume and set design.

Social Media Manager

A career as social media manager involves implementing the company’s or brand’s marketing plan across all social media channels. Social media managers help in building or improving a brand’s or a company’s website traffic, build brand awareness, create and implement marketing and brand strategy. Social media managers are key to important social communication as well.

Photographer

Photography is considered both a science and an art, an artistic means of expression in which the camera replaces the pen. In a career as a photographer, an individual is hired to capture the moments of public and private events, such as press conferences or weddings, or may also work inside a studio, where people go to get their picture clicked. Photography is divided into many streams each generating numerous career opportunities in photography. With the boom in advertising, media, and the fashion industry, photography has emerged as a lucrative and thrilling career option for many Indian youths.

An individual who is pursuing a career as a producer is responsible for managing the business aspects of production. They are involved in each aspect of production from its inception to deception. Famous movie producers review the script, recommend changes and visualise the story. 

They are responsible for overseeing the finance involved in the project and distributing the film for broadcasting on various platforms. A career as a producer is quite fulfilling as well as exhaustive in terms of playing different roles in order for a production to be successful. Famous movie producers are responsible for hiring creative and technical personnel on contract basis.

Copy Writer

In a career as a copywriter, one has to consult with the client and understand the brief well. A career as a copywriter has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. Several new mediums of advertising are opening therefore making it a lucrative career choice. Students can pursue various copywriter courses such as Journalism , Advertising , Marketing Management . Here, we have discussed how to become a freelance copywriter, copywriter career path, how to become a copywriter in India, and copywriting career outlook. 

In a career as a vlogger, one generally works for himself or herself. However, once an individual has gained viewership there are several brands and companies that approach them for paid collaboration. It is one of those fields where an individual can earn well while following his or her passion. 

Ever since internet costs got reduced the viewership for these types of content has increased on a large scale. Therefore, a career as a vlogger has a lot to offer. If you want to know more about the Vlogger eligibility, roles and responsibilities then continue reading the article. 

For publishing books, newspapers, magazines and digital material, editorial and commercial strategies are set by publishers. Individuals in publishing career paths make choices about the markets their businesses will reach and the type of content that their audience will be served. Individuals in book publisher careers collaborate with editorial staff, designers, authors, and freelance contributors who develop and manage the creation of content.

Careers in journalism are filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. One cannot afford to miss out on the details. As it is the small details that provide insights into a story. Depending on those insights a journalist goes about writing a news article. A journalism career can be stressful at times but if you are someone who is passionate about it then it is the right choice for you. If you want to know more about the media field and journalist career then continue reading this article.

Individuals in the editor career path is an unsung hero of the news industry who polishes the language of the news stories provided by stringers, reporters, copywriters and content writers and also news agencies. Individuals who opt for a career as an editor make it more persuasive, concise and clear for readers. In this article, we will discuss the details of the editor's career path such as how to become an editor in India, editor salary in India and editor skills and qualities.

Individuals who opt for a career as a reporter may often be at work on national holidays and festivities. He or she pitches various story ideas and covers news stories in risky situations. Students can pursue a BMC (Bachelor of Mass Communication) , B.M.M. (Bachelor of Mass Media) , or  MAJMC (MA in Journalism and Mass Communication) to become a reporter. While we sit at home reporters travel to locations to collect information that carries a news value.  

Corporate Executive

Are you searching for a Corporate Executive job description? A Corporate Executive role comes with administrative duties. He or she provides support to the leadership of the organisation. A Corporate Executive fulfils the business purpose and ensures its financial stability. In this article, we are going to discuss how to become corporate executive.

Multimedia Specialist

A multimedia specialist is a media professional who creates, audio, videos, graphic image files, computer animations for multimedia applications. He or she is responsible for planning, producing, and maintaining websites and applications. 

Quality Controller

A quality controller plays a crucial role in an organisation. He or she is responsible for performing quality checks on manufactured products. He or she identifies the defects in a product and rejects the product. 

A quality controller records detailed information about products with defects and sends it to the supervisor or plant manager to take necessary actions to improve the production process.

Production Manager

A QA Lead is in charge of the QA Team. The role of QA Lead comes with the responsibility of assessing services and products in order to determine that he or she meets the quality standards. He or she develops, implements and manages test plans. 

Process Development Engineer

The Process Development Engineers design, implement, manufacture, mine, and other production systems using technical knowledge and expertise in the industry. They use computer modeling software to test technologies and machinery. An individual who is opting career as Process Development Engineer is responsible for developing cost-effective and efficient processes. They also monitor the production process and ensure it functions smoothly and efficiently.

AWS Solution Architect

An AWS Solution Architect is someone who specializes in developing and implementing cloud computing systems. He or she has a good understanding of the various aspects of cloud computing and can confidently deploy and manage their systems. He or she troubleshoots the issues and evaluates the risk from the third party. 

Azure Administrator

An Azure Administrator is a professional responsible for implementing, monitoring, and maintaining Azure Solutions. He or she manages cloud infrastructure service instances and various cloud servers as well as sets up public and private cloud systems. 

Computer Programmer

Careers in computer programming primarily refer to the systematic act of writing code and moreover include wider computer science areas. The word 'programmer' or 'coder' has entered into practice with the growing number of newly self-taught tech enthusiasts. Computer programming careers involve the use of designs created by software developers and engineers and transforming them into commands that can be implemented by computers. These commands result in regular usage of social media sites, word-processing applications and browsers.

Information Security Manager

Individuals in the information security manager career path involves in overseeing and controlling all aspects of computer security. The IT security manager job description includes planning and carrying out security measures to protect the business data and information from corruption, theft, unauthorised access, and deliberate attack 

ITSM Manager

Automation test engineer.

An Automation Test Engineer job involves executing automated test scripts. He or she identifies the project’s problems and troubleshoots them. The role involves documenting the defect using management tools. He or she works with the application team in order to resolve any issues arising during the testing process. 

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Wildlife conservation.

Wildlife conservation aims to protect plant and animal species as the human population encroaches on their resources.

Biology, Ecology, Conservation, Storytelling, Photography

Asian Elephant Family

Filmmakers and photographers are essential to conservation efforts. They take the photographs, such as these Asian elephants (Elephas maximus indicus), and the films that interest others in protecting wildlife.

Photograph by Nuttaya Maneekhot

Wildlife conservation is the practice of protecting plant and animal species and their habitats . Wildlife is integral to the world’s ecosystems , providing balance and stability to nature’s processes. The goal of wildlife conservation is to ensure the survival of these species, and to educate people on living sustainably with other species. The human population has grown exponentially over the past 200 years, to more than eight billion humans as of November 2022, and it continues to rapidly grow. This means natural resources are being consumed faster than ever by the billions of people on the planet. This growth and development also endangers the habitats and existence of various types of wildlife around the world, particularly animals and plants that may be displaced for land development, or used for food or other human purposes. Other threats to wildlife include the introduction of invasive species from other parts of the world, climate change, pollution, hunting, fishing, and poaching. National and international organizations like the World Wildlife Fund, Conservation International, the Wildlife Conservation Society, the United Nations, and National Geographic, itself, work to support global animal and habitat conservation efforts on many different fronts. They work with the government to establish and protect public lands, like national parks and wildlife refuges . They help write legislation, such as the Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973 in the United States, to protect various species. They work with law enforcement to prosecute wildlife crimes, like wildlife trafficking and illegal hunting (poaching). They also promote biodiversity to support the growing human population while preserving existing species and habitats. National Geographic Explorers, like conservation biologists Camille Coudrat and Titus Adhola, are working to slow the extinction of global species and to protect global biodiversity and habitats. Environmental filmmakers and photographers, like Thomas P. Peschak and Joel Sartore, are essential to conservation efforts as well, documenting and bringing attention to endangered wildlife all over the world.

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Related Resources

Essay on Save Wildlife

Students are often asked to write an essay on Save Wildlife in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Save Wildlife

Why save wildlife.

Wildlife is important for our planet and our well-being. It provides us with clean air and water, food, and shelter. It also helps to control pests and diseases. When we protect wildlife, we are also protecting ourselves.

What is Threatening Wildlife?

There are many threats to wildlife, including habitat loss, pollution, climate change, and poaching. Habitat loss is the biggest threat to wildlife. When natural habitats are destroyed, animals lose their homes and food sources. Pollution can also harm wildlife by poisoning their air, water, and food. Climate change is causing the planet to warm, which is causing changes in wildlife habitats and making it difficult for some animals to survive. Poaching is the illegal hunting of animals for their fur, meat, or other body parts.

What Can We Do to Help Wildlife?

There are many things we can do to help wildlife. We can reduce our consumption of resources, recycle and compost, and use renewable energy sources. We can also support organizations that are working to protect wildlife and their habitats. We can also educate ourselves and others about the importance of wildlife and the threats they face.

Wildlife is a valuable part of our planet and our lives. We need to do everything we can to protect wildlife and their habitats. By taking action, we can help ensure that future generations can enjoy the benefits of wildlife.

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250 Words Essay on Save Wildlife

Importance of wildlife.

Wildlife plays a vital role in maintaining the balance of nature. They help in pollination, seed dispersal, and controlling pests. Wildlife also provides us with food, medicine, and other resources. Protecting wildlife is essential for our own survival.

Habitat Loss

One of the biggest threats to wildlife is habitat loss. As human populations grow, more and more land is being cleared for agriculture, development, and other human activities. This is causing wildlife to lose their homes and making it difficult for them to survive.

Pollution is another major threat to wildlife. Chemicals and other pollutants can contaminate air, water, and soil, making it unsafe for wildlife to live in. Pollution can also cause health problems for wildlife, such as cancer and reproductive problems.

Climate Change

Climate change is also having a devastating impact on wildlife. Rising temperatures are causing glaciers to melt, which is destroying the habitat of polar bears and other Arctic animals. Climate change is also causing sea levels to rise, which is threatening coastal habitats.

What Can Be Done

There are many things that can be done to help save wildlife. We can reduce our carbon footprint, recycle and compost, and support organizations that are working to protect wildlife. We can also educate ourselves and others about the importance of wildlife and the threats they face.

Wildlife is an essential part of our planet. They provide us with food, medicine, and other resources, and they help to maintain the balance of nature. We must take action to protect wildlife from the threats they face, such as habitat loss, pollution, and climate change. If we do not, we will lose these valuable animals forever.

500 Words Essay on Save Wildlife

Introduction to saving wildlife.

Wild animals and plants are very important for the health of our planet. They make the earth beautiful and balanced. But sadly, many of these animals and plants are in danger because of things like cutting down forests, pollution, and climate change. It’s very important for us to take steps to protect them. This essay talks about why we need to save wildlife and how we can do it.

Why Wildlife is Important

First, let’s talk about why wild animals and plants are so important. They are part of many different systems that make the earth work properly. For example, bees help flowers grow by moving pollen from one flower to another. This is called pollination. Without bees, many plants would not be able to make seeds and grow. Also, animals and plants give us food, medicine, and materials for clothes and shelter. They also make the earth a beautiful place to live.

The Threats to Wildlife

Many things are causing problems for wildlife. One big problem is that people are cutting down forests to make room for farms and cities. This means animals lose their homes. Pollution is another big problem. When we pollute the air and water, it can make animals and plants sick or even kill them. Climate change is also a big threat. It makes the weather hotter or colder than normal, and this can be very hard for animals and plants to survive.

How We Can Help

There are many ways we can help save wildlife. One way is by not cutting down forests. We can plant new trees instead of cutting them down. This gives animals a place to live and helps clean the air. We can also use less plastic and recycle more to reduce pollution. Another way to help is by learning more about wildlife and telling others how important it is to protect them. Schools and families can visit parks and nature reserves to learn more about wild animals and plants.

Protecting Endangered Species

Some animals and plants are in so much danger that they might disappear forever. These are called endangered species. We need to take special steps to protect them. This can include making laws to stop people from hunting them and protecting the places where they live. Many countries have parks and reserves where animals can live safely.

In conclusion, saving wildlife is very important for keeping the earth healthy and beautiful. We all need to work together to protect wild animals and plants. This means not cutting down forests, reducing pollution, and learning more about how we can help. By taking small steps, we can make a big difference for wildlife and for our planet. Let’s all do our part to save wildlife and make the earth a better place for everyone.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

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Environment: Endangered Species Essay

Globally, over 14,000 animal species face a risk of extinction. The reasons for the near extinction include poaching, habitat loss, human-wildlife conflict, pollution, diseases, climate change, and low birth rates (IUCN, 2021). Some of the most endangered species include the Javan rhino, African elephants, black rhino, snow leopards, orangutans, the vaquita, Amur leopards, and the eastern lowland gorillas. With the appropriate conservation measure, endangered animals may increase over time.

Captive breeding and reintroduction are among the most effective conservation approaches. They involve capturing, breeding, and rearing endangered animals in wildlife reserves, zoos, or aquariums to help increase their numbers. After a significant number is raised, the animals can then be released back to their natural habitats. For example, in 1982, only 22 California condors existed in the wild; however, captive breeding increased the number to 425 in 2014 (Association of Zoos & Aquarium, n.d). Thus, when threats are reduced, the rare species can improve in numbers.

Habitat protection is critical in ensuring the safety of endangered animals. Protected areas where endangered species can be placed include nature reserves, national parks, and wildlife refuges. There are various marine reserves and protected areas that prohibit fishing, thus safeguarding the marine species. In this case, New Zealand has several marine reserves that protect sea turtles, aquatic mammals, and some fish species such as manta rays and white pointer sharks (Ministry for Primary Industries, n.d). Additionally, some laws and regulations safeguard wildlife at state, national, and global levels to prevent animal extinction. In this case, CITES or the Washington convention significantly regulates the global trade of wild animals. This treaty restricts and controls any trade involving endangered species to ensure they do not become extinct

In conclusion, human activity and climate change continually threaten some wild animals’ survival. Nonetheless, appropriate conservation methods such as captive breeding and habitat protection can ensure the continuous reproduction of these species. The enactment of state, national and global laws that safeguard wild animals also promotes the survival of these species. Human beings have a responsibility to ensure the protection of wild animals and their habitats.

Global warming is one of the biggest threats to animal and plant survival. The accumulation of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, deforestation, and increased agricultural activities are major contributors to this phenomenon. The increased earth temperature associated with global warming has led to climate change resulting in several natural calamities. However, the threat of global warming can be reduced by using renewable energy, recycling, planting more trees, and lowering the emission of greenhouse gases.

Global warming has significant adverse impacts on human beings and the environment. The extreme heat associated with climate change increases complications from underlying respiratory and heart diseases such as renal failure and asthma and may cause other heat-related disorders. Global warming also increases the risk of storms and drought, affecting food supply, which may cause death to both humans and animals (Global Climate Change, 2021). It has also been linked to ocean acidification, increased ocean temperature, and rising sea levels. Such occurrences have led to the death of a significant number of marine life.

Rather than human actions, global warming may result from natural forces. Human activities such as deforestation, industrial processes, and agricultural activities have long been attributed to climate change. However, there are claims that complex gravitational interactions, particularly alterations in the earth’s orbit, torque, and axial tilt, may also influence climate change resulting in increased temperature (Neaves, 2017). Gradual shifts in the earth’s orbit combined with its axial tilt places the south and north poles more directly to the sun resulting in temperature extremes.

In conclusion, global warming has adverse effects on humans and nature. It exposes humans to heat-related diseases and increases complications of respiratory illnesses such as asthma. Climate change depletes vegetation causing food shortage and death to humans and animals. Similarly, it causes ocean warming and acidification, which destroys marine life. Although some natural forces such as shifts in the earth’s orbit and axis may trigger temperature changes, human activities are the greatest contributors to global warming.

Association of Zoos & Aquarium (n.d). Reintroduction programs . Web.

Ministry for Primary Industries. (n.d). Protecting marine life . Web.

Neaves, T., T. (2017). The climate is changing, but not just because of humans. Here’s why that matters . NBC News . Web.

International Union for Conservation of Nature. (2021). African elephant species now endangered and critically endangered – IUCN Red List . Web.

Global Climate Change. (2021). The effects of climate change . Web.

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Geography Notes

Essay on natural vegetation and soils of asia.

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The natural vegetation is perhaps the best summary of the physical environment, for it reflects the temperature, rainfall, drain­age, elevation and soil conditions. In nature, all physical phenomena are interre­lated; together, these provide us with an understanding of the physical environ­ment.

The patterns of their distribution and interactions are of crucial importance to us, as we have to depend on these for our sustenance. However, we have sub­stantially modified the natural vegetation and the soils that were present before hu­man intervention and that have been replaced by other forms.

It is important to note that over one- third of the continent’s surface has been cleared for human settlement or given to permanent agriculture. Vegetation in such areas no longer remains “natural”. In most areas of dense settlement the original vege­tation has been entirely removed and no trace of undisturbed forest remains.

Thus, the Indus-Ganga plains in India, lower Chao plains in Thailand, the lower basin of Huanghe, Chang Jiang, and Xi Jiang riv­ers in China are almost covered with cropland. Throughout these and other in­tensely settled areas in Java (Indonesia) and Japan, imported plants have replaced the indigenous vegetation.

Original cover can only be found in the remote and inhospitable areas, such as northern and northeastern Siberia, and parts of Southeast Asia. Reflecting the growing awareness of the consequences of deforestation and loss of natural vegeta­tion, reforestation is becoming increasingly popular, and preservation and recovery of forest areas has become a national priority for several Asian nations, although this practice is not as widespread as in the U.S.A. or in the European nations.

The nations in the Indian subconti­nent, because of their enormous populations and deficiency in timber re­sources, are sensitive to the issue and have launched several reforestation pro­grammes. China, Malaysia, and Turkey have also included in their national plans aimed at increasing forest lands and in the case of Turkey to reduce timber imports.

Asia’s enormous territory, immense variety of relief and a wide range of cli­mates combine to produce most types of vegetation forms. A dominant feature of the continent’s vegetation is that a larger territory on the western side has no oce­anic border, and receives scanty rainfall in relation to summer temperatures that can allow appreciable forest growth. The broad pattern of natural vegeta­tion generally follows the climatic types; it is thus convenient and useful to describe it in association with the climatic patterns of Asia.

The Tundra:

The Tundra climatic type correlates with its namesake vegetation, Tundra vegetation that borders the Arctic Ocean. It is a region of cold, treeless plains with permanently frozen subsoil. Lichens, mosses, sedges and some grasses may oc­cupy more favored locations. The Tundra belt extends to 70°N and with further south extensions on high altitudes (Chersk, Verkhoyansk and Kamachatka mountains).

South of the Tundra region is the Taiga, a belt of coniferous forests, or the needle-leaf evergreen forest, with a small, transitional zone of “wooden tun­dra”. It covers most of Siberia from the Urals to the Pacific and northern part of Japan. The trees have small leaves, deep roots, and thick bark, and thus most spe­cies (pine, spruce, fir, etc.) are successful in cold and dry environment. Further east and southwest of Siberia is a transitional zone of coniferous forest mixed with hardy, deciduous trees such as aspen and birch, with sections of grass and shrubs in the drier areas.

Temperate Grasslands, the Steppes :

To the south of Taiga is elongated, unbro­ken stretch of the Steppes from Ukraine to Manchuria—a broad belt of several thou­sand miles of temperate grasslands in southern Siberia— a parkland country of open grasses. There is some precipitation although the winters are still very cold, but the extreme temperature ranges of the Taiga are softened by the warm summers. However, the higher elevations in the mountains are covered with forests, and the dry valleys are bare except for the occa­sional cultivated oases.

Mediterranean Scrubland and Forest :

A belt of scrub forest that is particularly at­tuned to the Mediterranean climatic regime rims the eastern shore of the Medi­terranean that includes the countries of Israel, Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, and the pla­teaus of Turkey and Iran. The summers are hot and dry; the winters mild and moist. Thus, the circumstances for the plant community are unusual; winters be­come the growing period.

Plants must adapt to conditions of drought and higher temperatures in summers. They share the adaptive characteristics of small plant size, short leaves, deep roots, and thick barks to retain moisture. The most distinctive vege­tation community of this region consists of a scrubland and short trees.

Desert Vegetation:

The desert climatic and associated vegetation types are found in the trade wind deserts of the Arabian Peninsula, the deserts of Tibet, Mongolia, and the desert-like steppe-lands bordering the Caspian Sea. The mid-latitude deserts of Tibet and Mongolia in the interior re­semble the Arabian Desert only in aridity, but contain a clear altitudinal zonation of vegetation.

Plant cover in the deserts is sparse, with a considerable bare ground dotted by a scattering of individual plants. Typically, the plants are moisture-combat­ing, waxy, deep-rooted or thorny shrubs and sporadic stunted trees. The upper reaches of the highlands in Tibet or Mon­golia may be bare, or contain Taiga- and Tundra-like vegetation depending on the amount of available moisture.

Monsoon Region:

This region is asso­ciated with monsoon climates. The natural vegetation varies with the amount of an­nual rainfall. Areas receiving between 40 and 80 inches of rainfall annually contain tropical deciduous (shedding leaves season­ally) forests, and those which receive less than 40 inches have savanna (tall grasses) and steppe-like (of short grasses) vegeta­tion, below which semi-desert and desert vegetation prevails. The monsoon lands have been extensively modified by human settlement and put to cultivation, and little trace of the original vegetation survives.

Tropical Rainforest:

Tropical rain-forests are typical to the equatorial regions. In Malaysia and Indonesia rainforests cover large section of the countries, whereas in southern Sri Lanka and Java they have almost entirely replaced by agricultural landscapes where plantations of tea, coconut palms, and rubber trees cover the Mountain slopes and hills.

The vegetation consists of evergreen, broad-leafed tall, 2ense, high-crowned trees of several species having a dense canopy above the floor because the region gets a high amount of precipitation throughout the year, and is constantly warm. The savannas and deciduous trees cover the ground, the subequatorial and the areas that lie in the rain shadow on the leeward slopes.

Vegetation in the Mountains:

The mountains of southern and eastern Asia show a remarkable altitudinal zonation in natural vegetation. A zone of forest fol­lowed higher up by meadows, and snow cover at the highest elevations is charac­teristic. On the lower slopes are the broad-leafed deciduous forests, and on higher ground the coniferous trees occur.

Still higher up stunted trees, subalpine meadows and near the highest ridges per­ennial snow, and glaciers are found in a vertical zonation pattern. Elsewhere in the equatorial region in Malaysia and Greater Sunda Islands, (Indonesia) where the snow line is very high and moist-hot conditions predominate, the vegetation zonation is practically absent.

Along with the climate the distribution of soils is critically important to agricultural productivity, and thus has a special signifi­cance for nations of Asia, as most Asians depend on agriculture for their livelihood. In the preceding paragraphs, wide range of interacting natural phenomena: climate, natural vegetation, parent rock material and relief features that determine the de­velopment and nature of soils have been discussed for the Asian continent.

Soil classification is both complicated and subject to constant revision. In the case of Asia, the difficulty is compounded by the fact that a large part of it is physi­cally remote, or climatically inhospitable for field surveys. Most of Asia has been surveyed unequally based on different sys­tems with the result that comparable knowledge of soil types and their charac­teristics is difficult to obtain.

Some part of the continent still remains un-surveyed. In addition, the most commonly used current classification at the present time—that of the U.S. Department of Agriculture known as the Seventh Approximation— has not gained much acceptance in most Asian nations.

It may be interesting and sobering to realize that a small fraction of Asia’s land surface is blessed with really rich soils that have given sustenance to a large mass of humanity.

At the broad scale of our study, it may be convenient to generalize the distribu­tion patterns of soils by recognizing that there are basically three complex processes by which soils are formed; those of the hu­mid latitudes, of the tropical regions and of the deserts. Each of these processes are re­sponsible for the formation of specific types of soils which can be defined in broad terms.

The processes produce either the pedocals or calcium-bearing soils, or the pedalfers, the aluminum-bearing or nitro- gen-bearing soils. The letters “cal”, “al”, “fe” representing three distinctive ele­ments in soils. In simple terms, this division separates the basic soils from the acidic soils. Soil patterns based on such classification point to some general tropi­cal regions.

Two fundamental soil-forming processes operate in the humid regions; podzolization in the cool, wet regions, and Laterization in the hot, wet regions. Podzolization is thought to remove the soluble salts, iron and aluminum com­pounds from the surface horizons, leaving a gray silica residue; and laterization begins by removing the salts, and transferring the iron and aluminum compounds near the surface with clays accumulating just under­neath them.

Soils in the tropical areas are generally lateritic, having varying degrees of red or black color. The soils are rich in aluminum and iron oxides, low in silica; are nearly structureless and generally of low fertility. Most soils of South and Southeast Asia be­long to this category. In the Arabian Desert and deserts in Central Asia the soils are usually high in their content of unleached minerals, but may be deficient in their con­tent of nitrogen and humus (decomposed vegetative materials of the wet tropics).

Where the water-table is high, evaporation salts have accumulated in excess near the surface, the soils are alkaline. Such red de­sert soils cover much of the Arabian Peninsula and northwest India, while higher desert soils cover the rest of south­west Asian countries.

Large parts of northern Asia are cov­ered by podzolic soils of varying, but generally low fertility. These soils cover the mid-to high-latitude locations in the re­gion of well-distributed rainfall (in coniferous forest of a taiga forest zone) from the Urals to Kamchatka. In much of northern China and Manchuria soils be­long to the gray-brown podzolic category.

In the Mediterranean lands the pattern of soils is complicated. While cool tem­peratures and some rainfall produce podzolic conditions during winter, hot summers complicate the conditions when surface evaporation exceeds rainfall and moisture moves upward through capillary action and the podzolization process no longer operates. The grasslands of western Siberia, Manchuria, and most of Anatolia plateau of Turkey are underlain by black prairie and chernozem soils which have good tex­ture and are of generally high fertility.

From the standpoint of agricultural productivity, the most important soils in Asia are the relatively immature soils of al­luvial origin that are found in the river valleys. These soils are among the richest in plant nutrients which can maintain their fertility through periodic inundatation by silt-bearing waters from the rivers in flood.

Alluvial soils cover the river val­leys of the Tigris-Euphrates, the plains of Indus-Ganga Rivers, the lower Irrawaddy basin, the deltas of the Mekong and the lower basins of Chang Jiang, Huanghe Rivers, as well as the river plains of smaller rivers in India, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, Korea, and Japan. These, in a very large measure, provide substance to the growing population of Asia.

Several islands of Indonesia and south­ern Philippines contain active volcanoes that periodically provide a new layer of rich basic soils of recently deposited vol­canic materials (not all volcanic soil consists of basic material; some retain their fertility for long periods as these are re­newed occasionally by new deposits, and account for enormous densities of rural population in Java and some areas of the Philippines).

Soils in the hilly and mountainous re­gions are produced by geologic structure, altitude, and temperature conditions to a greater degree than elsewhere. These may be lumped together as montane soils. A good part of the Asian surface of the uplands is too steep for the formation of deep soils. Skeletal soils are found in such areas, much of which are cropped by shift­ing cultivation, in which the cyclical use of land provides periodic regeneration of plant nutrients.

In northwest China some areas are covered by a thin layer of wind-blown ma­terial dating from the retreat of the ice sheet during the most recent Ice Age. This material is known by the term loess, and adds considerably to the natural fertility of the soil and thus to the agricultural pro­ductivity of the area.

Surveying the overall picture of soil distribution in Asia, it can be concluded that for its size, much of the continent of­fers limited opportunities for productive agricultural land. No more than 20 percent of the land surface is estimated to contain soils suitable for agriculture and a good quarter of this percentage contains soils of marginal value.

Tropical and subtropical soils are generally immature and unpro­ductive. The soils of the middle latitudes are themselves suitable, but lack of water is often a key factor. Only the alluvial soils of the river plains and the basic soils pro­duced by the volcanic ejecta are productive soils.

Several of the river basins, where the soils are rich, have been settled for hun­dreds of centuries and the soil cropped by hundreds of generations of farmers, and where enormous population densities are straining agricultural productivity. In such lands good soil management is an impor­tant factor as an agricultural resource.

Most Asian farmers have not taken to farming practices restoring plant nutrients to the soils they farm. The diffusion of the Green Revolution is still limited to a few, selected areas in India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, the Philippines, and Taiwan where farmers have been making use of superior seeds of hybrid plant varieties, chemical fertilizers, and mechanized farming.

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Natural Vegetation and Wildlife [Indian Geography]

Indian geography is an essential part of the UPSC syllabus. The natural vegetation and wildlife of India are important both from the prelims as well as from the mains perspectives. In this article, you can read all about the natural vegetation and wildlife of the country including the types of vegetation, the fauna of India, biosphere reserves, etc. all of which are important for the geography as well as the environment & ecology segments of the IAS exam .

Natural Vegetation

Natural vegetation refers to a plant community that has grown naturally without any human intervention and has been left undisturbed by humans for a long time. This is also known as “virgin vegetation”.

• According to paleo-botanists, most of the Himalayan and peninsular areas are covered with indigenous or endemic flora, while the Indo-Gangetic Plains and the Thar desert contain plant species that have come from outside India (exotic).
• India has a great variety of natural vegetation. India occupies tenth place in the world and fourth in Asia in plant diversity. Depending upon the variations in the climate and the soil, the vegetation of India changes from one region to another. Himalayan heights are marked with temperate vegetation; the Western Ghats and the Andaman and Nicobar islands have tropical rainforests; the deltaic regions have tropical forests and mangroves; the arid and semi-arid areas of Rajasthan are famous for cacti, thorny vegetation and a variety of bushes.
• The largest forest area lies in Peninsular India accounting for 57% of the total forest area. The Himalayan region has the second largest forest area having about 12.5% of the forest area of the country. The Eastern and the Western Ghats have 10% each, while the Gangetic plains have only 5% of the total forest area of the country. The total forest cover of India (2021) is 21.71% of the total geographical area of the country.
• Indian forests have been divided into the following groups based on certain common features such as predominant vegetation type and climatic regions:
• Tropical Evergreen and Semi-Evergreen forests

Tropical Deciduous forests

• Tropical Thorn forests
• Montane forests
• Littoral and Swamp forests

Tropical Evergreen and Semi-Evergreen Forests

These forests are mainly found in the western slope of the Western Ghats , the Andaman and Nicobar islands and hills of north-east India.

• These forests are found in warm and humid regions with an annual rainfall of over 200 cm and a mean annual temperature above 22℃.
• The forests are dense, composed of tall trees (60 m or even above). Since the region is warm and wet throughout the year, it has luxuriant vegetation of all kinds – trees, shrubs and creepers giving it a multi-layered structure. These trees do not shed their leaves annually and hence are evergreen.
• Some of the commercially important trees of this forest are ebony, mahogany, rubber, rosewood, etc.
• The semi-evergreen forests are found in the less rainy parts of these regions. These forests have a mixture of evergreen and moist deciduous trees. The main species of these forests are Kail, hollock and white cedar.
• The common animals found in these forests are elephants , lemurs, monkeys and deer. One-horned rhinoceros are found in the forests of Assam and West Bengal. Plenty of birds, sloths, bats, scorpions and snails are found in these forests.

These are the typical monsoon forests with teak ( Tectona grandis ) and sal ( Shorea robusta ) as the dominant species. They form natural vegetation all over the country where average rainfall ranges between 70 – 200 cm. On the basis of the availability of water, these forests are further classified into moist and dry deciduous forests.

• The moist deciduous forests – These forests are found in the regions where annual rainfall ranges between 100 – 200 cm, in the north-eastern states along the foothills of Himalayas, eastern slopes of the Western Ghats and Odisha. The main species of these forests are teak, sal, shisham, amal, Semul, kusum, mahua and sandalwood.
• The dry deciduous forests – These forests are found in the regions where annual rainfall ranges between 70 – 100 cm. These are found in the rainier regions of the Peninsula and the plains of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. In the dry season, the trees shed their leaves completely and the forest appears like a vast grassland with naked trees all around. The main species of these forests are palas, amaltas, bel, khair, tendu and axlewood. In western and southern parts of Rajasthan vegetation cover is very small due to less rainfall and overgrazing.

Tropical Thorn Forests

These forests are found in the regions where the average annual rainfall is less than 50 cm. These forests are found in semi-arid regions of south-west Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. The plants remain leafless for most of the year.

• The important trees of these forests are babool, ber, neem, khejri, wild date palm, etc. Tussocky grass grows up to a height of 2 m as the undergrowth.

Montane Forests

With the increasing altitude, the decrease in temperature leads to corresponding changes in the vegetation. Mountain forests have been classified into two types – the northern mountain forests and the southern mountain forests.

• The Himalayan ranges show a change in vegetation with the change in altitude – from the tropical to the tundra.
• At the foothills of the Himalayas, deciduous forests are dominant. It is succeeded by the wet temperate type of forests at a height of 1000 – 2000 m. In the higher hill ranges of north-eastern India, hilly areas of West Bengal and Uttarakhand, evergreen broadleaf trees such as oak and chestnut are predominant. Between 1500 – 1750 m, pine forests are also well developed in this zone with Chir Pine as a very useful commercial tree.
• In the western ranges of the Himalayas, deodar, a highly valued endemic species, grows which is used for construction purposes as its wood is highly durable. Chinar and walnut also occur in this zone. Spruce and blue pine occur at altitudes of 2225 – 3048 m. In this zone, temperate grasslands are also found.
• At higher altitudes, more than 3600 m above sea level, temperate forests and grasslands give way to Alpine vegetation. Silver fir, junipers, rhododendrons, birches and pine are the common trees of these forests. At even higher altitudes, mosses and lichens form part of tundra vegetation.
• The common animals found in these forests are Kashmir stag, spotted deer, wild sheep, Tibetan antelope, rare red panda, squirrels, snow leopards , bears, and sheep and goats with thick hair.
• These include forests found in three distinct regions of Peninsular India – the Western Ghats, the Vindhyas and the Nilgiris. The vegetation in these forests is temperate in higher regions and subtropical in the lower areas of Western Ghats (especially Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala). The temperate forests are called “Sholas” in the Nilgiris, Anaimalai and Palani hills.
• The trees of economic importance in these forests include cinchona, laurel, magnolia and wattle.

Littoral and Swamp Forests

Our country has a rich variety of wetland habitats and about 70% are under paddy cultivation. India’s wetlands have been classified into eight groups:

• The reservoirs of the Deccan plateau in the south and the lagoon and other wetlands of the southern west coast.
• The vast saline expanses of Rajasthan, Gujarat and the Gulf of Kachchh.
• Freshwater lakes and reservoirs from Gujarat eastwards through Rajasthan (Keoladeo National Park) and Madhya Pradesh.
• The delta wetlands and lagoons of India’s east coast ( Chilika lake ).
• The freshwater marshes of the Gangetic Plains.
• The floodplains of the Brahmaputra, the marshes and the swamps in the hills of north-east India and the Himalayan foothills.
• The lakes and rivers of the montane region of Kashmir and Ladakh.
• The mangrove tidal forests are found in the areas of coasts influenced by tides.
• They consist of a number of salt-tolerant species of plants.
• The mangrove forests are highly developed in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and the Sunderbans of West Bengal.
• The Royal Bengal Tiger is a famous animal in the Sunderbans. Turtles, crocodiles, gharials and snakes are also found in these forests.
• The deltas of the Ganga, Mahanadi, Krishna, Godavari and Kaveri are covered by such vegetation.

Wildlife of India

India is rich in its flora as well as fauna. India has about 90,000 animal species and approximately 2,000 species of birds which constitute 13% of the world’s total. 2,546 species of fish are found in India which is nearly 12% of the world’s stock.

• The most majestic animal, the elephant, is found in the hot wet forests of Kerala, Karnataka and Assam. The one-horned rhinoceros belongs to the swampy and marshy lands of Assam and West Bengal. The Thar desert and Rann of Kachchh are known for camels and wild asses respectively. Nilgai (blue bull), Indian bison, chousingha (four-horned antelope), gazel and different species of deer and monkeys are also found in India. The natural habitat of the Indian lion is the Gir forest in Gujarat. India is the only country in the world having both lions and tigers.
• The shaggy horned wild ox weighing about one tonne, yak, the bharal (blue sheep) and the Tibetan wild ass (kiang) are the animals found in Ladakh. The ibex, bear, snow leopard and rare red panda are also found in certain pockets of the Himalayan region.
• Turtles, gharials and crocodiles are found in the rivers, lakes and coastal areas of India.
• India also provides a habitat for colourful birds – peacocks, ducks, parakeets, cranes and pigeons.
• The Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 to provide a legal framework for the conservation and protection of wildlife in India.
• In India, there are 103 national parks and 535 wildlife sanctuaries.
• Special measures have been initiated by the Government of India in collaboration with UNESCO’s “Man and Biosphere Programme” for the conservation of flora and fauna in the country.
• Project Tiger was launched in 1973 to protect Tigers in India. It was the first of its kind project to maintain the population of tigers in India and to protect them from poaching and other threats. Initially, Project Tiger was launched in 9 tiger reserves which was later increased to 44 tiger reserves (in 17 states).
• Project Elephant was launched in 1992 and it aims to ensure the long term survival of the population of elephants in their natural habitats by protecting them, their habitats and migration corridors. The project is being implemented in 17 states.
• The other projects launched by GoI include Project Hangul, crocodile Breeding Project and conservation of Himalayan Musk deer.

Know more on Project Elephant and get a list of elephant reserves in India in the link.

Biosphere Reserves

Biosphere reserves are areas of terrestrial and coastal ecosystems which are internationally recognised within the framework of UNESCO’s “Man and Biosphere (MAB) Programme”. These reserves are required to meet a minimal set of criteria and adhere to a minimal set of conditions before being admitted to the World Network of Biosphere Reserves designated by UNESCO. These reserves are rich in biological and cultural diversity. The Biosphere Reserves aim to achieve the following objectives:

• To conserve biological and cultural diversity and integrity of plants, animals, birds, reptiles and micro-organisms (ecosystem).
• To promote research on ecological conservation and other environmental aspects, and
• To promote facilities for education, research, awareness and training.

The Biosphere Reserves Programme was initiated in India in 1986 and till date, 18 sites have been designated as Biosphere Reserves (BR) in different parts of the country. Out of the 18 Biosphere Reserves, 10 have been included in the World Network of Biosphere Reserves by UNESCO.

(Sites with bold letters have been included in the World Network of BR’s UNESCO)

Know more on biosphere reserves in India in the link.

Ramsar Convention

The convention on wetlands is called the “Ramsar Convention”. It is named after the city of Ramsar in Iran, where the convention was signed on 2nd February 1971. World Wetlands Day is celebrated on 2nd February every year to commemorate this.

The Ramsar Convention is an intergovernmental treaty that embodies the commitment of its member countries to maintain the ecological character of their wetlands of international importance and to plan for their sustainable use.

• The Ramsar Convention works closely with six other organisations known as Internal Organisation Partners (IOPs) – International Union for Conservation of Nature ( IUCN ), International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Wetlands International, WWF International, Birdlife International and, Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust (WWT).
• Currently, there are 171 Contracting Parties to the convention, with 2414 wetland sites. The world’s first Ramsar site was the Cobourg Peninsula in Australia, designated in 1974.
• India became a party to the Ramsar Convention on 1st February 1982. India currently has 49 sites designated as wetlands of international importance.

Get a list of the Ramsar Sites in India in the link.

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• Natural Vegetation and Wildlife of India and the World

Have you noticed that the plants and animals everywhere are not the same? Some are large leafy green trees, and some are thorny bushes. In the same way, even animals differ from each other depending upon their habitat and other natural factors surrounding them. They have basically adapted to their natural environment around them, so they can survive. This is basically what we mean by natural Vegetation and wildlife in India .

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Natural vegetation.

Natural vegetation refers to the plant life (flora) that grows in a region according to the climatic conditions and other such factors prevailing in that region. In general, there are about five broad varieties of natural vegetation in the world. Let us take a quick look.

Browse more Topics under Resources Of India And World

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Types of Vegetation in the World

• Forests : A forest is a dense area with a lot of trees, so much that they shade the ground below them. But not all forests are same. The trees in the forest largely depend on the climatic conditions of the region. And the forests are generally classified by the kind of trees found in them. Some examples are Evergreen Forests, Temperate Forest, Mixed Forest Rain forests etc
• Grasslands : The name here is self-explanatory. These are flat regions that extend miles, and the primary form of vegetation here is grass. Here also there are types such as temperate grasslands, savannas etc. The Savannas of Africa are the most famous ones. Grasslands are the important source of weeds and crops such as oats which are cattle fodder.
• Desert : As you can imagine due to the dry and arid conditions there is not a lot of vegetation in deserts. The soil too mostly consists of sand and gravel. So the plants that grow in these regions have adapted to such conditions. They have long roots and stems that can store water . Cactus is the most valid example of such vegetation.
• Tundra : This type of vegetation is found in the coldest regions of our planet like the Arctic region. Vegetation is limited to some shrubs and few patches of grass, but mostly moss is found in such regions. There is also permafrost in this region, which is permanently frozen soil-like substance.
• Ice Sheets : Now this is interesting because these are regions absolutely devoid of any form of vegetation. There are only two such places on earth, i.e. Antarctica and Greenland.

Learn more about  Deforestation here in detail 

Vegetation in India

India has a very diverse geography. Due to being in two separate temperature zones, and a very varied landscape it also has a large variety of its natural vegetation. Let us take a look at the different types of vegetation we can find in India and the regions where.

• Tropical Evergreen Rainforests: These grow in regions that receive an excess of 200 cm of rainfall. Here the trees never shed their leaves, hence are known as evergreen. These are dense forests found in Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Assam etc
• Deciduous Forest: These grow in regions with moderate rainfall. The trees will shed their leaves in autumn or the dry season. The trees are usually very valuable as timber. These forests are found in Maharashtra, Bihar, Orissa and some regions of the Himalayas too
• Desert Vegetation: This is the sparse vegetation found in the regions of Thar desert. It mostly consists of bushes, acacia, cacti and date trees. It is found in the arid and semi-arid regions of Rajasthan, Gujarat and some regions of Punjab.
• Mountain Forests: These are found in the foothills of the Himalayas. The vegetation keeps changing according to the altitude. At the base you will find evergreen tall trees such as bamboo and teak, As you go higher there are conifer trees like the pine. And after a point its just grasslands and moss.

Wildlife  in India

The animals that live in a specific region are what we call the wildlife of the region. Just as vegetation is the flora, wildlife is the fauna of a region. Animals can be found in every time of vegetation and are usually isolated from any human contact. It includes all the animals, birds, insects etc of the region.

The diversity of wildlife in the world is unimaginably large. There are said to be about 1 to 2 million species of animals on the planet! And India in particular boasts of an incredible wildlife presence.

(Source: Pixabay)

Our national animal the tiger is one such rare animal found in India. In fact, the Bengal tiger can be found nowhere else on earth. We also have the Asiatic Lion, the only species of lions found outside Africa. It is home to many such exotic animals such as the Indian Elephant, the rhinoceroses and the leopard.

To preserve these amazing animals and their natural habitats, we have many conservatories, national parks and wildlife sanctuaries. In recent times to bring down illegal hunting and poaching the government has passed some very strict laws as well.

Solved Examples for You

Question: What are some famous wildlife sanctuaries in India?

Solution: India boasts of some of the most beautiful and diverse wildlife sanctuaries in the world.  Among them, the oldest and by far the most famous is the Corbett National Park in Uttrakhand. It was established to protect the endangered Bengal Tigers from hunters and poachers.

Another important sanctuary is the Ranthambore National Park in Rajasthan. Other than tigers, leopards, hyenas and the wild boar can also be found here. And then there is the Bandipur National Park famous for the elephants that stay there.

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3 responses to “Natural Vegetation and Wildlife of India and the World”

which state has maximum forest cover area

if you ask which state has maximum forest cover area percentage then its Mizoram (86.27%). Hope this helps. PLEASE reply by email.

madhya pradesh

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