informative speech outline on nutrition

Speech on Nutrition

Nutrition plays a crucial role in your life, shaping your health and well-being. It’s about what you eat and how those foods fuel your body.

Understanding nutrition can help you make smart food choices. It’s like giving your body the right kind of fuel to function at its best.

1-minute Speech on Nutrition

Ladies and Gentlemen,

Eating is not just about filling our stomachs. It’s about nourishing our bodies, and that’s what we call nutrition. Like cars need the right fuel to run, our bodies need the right food to function. That’s what nutrition is all about.

The first thing we need to know about nutrition is the importance of a balanced diet. You all must have seen a rainbow. A balanced diet is just like a rainbow, full of different colors. Each color in our food stands for different nutrients. Red apples, green spinach, yellow bananas, each color has its own job.

We also need to understand the importance of ‘portion size’. It’s not just what we eat, but also how much we eat. You wouldn’t put too much fuel in your car, would you? Overloading our bodies with too much food can also lead to problems.

What we drink also matters. Water is our best friend. It keeps our body clean from the inside. Just how we need to wash our hands before eating, we need water to cleanse our insides.

And lastly, we have to remember that nutrition is not just about the body. It’s about our minds too. Good food makes our minds strong and sharp. Just like a pencil needs to be sharpened to work well, our brains need good food to think well.

So let’s make a promise today, to ourselves and to our bodies. A promise to eat right, drink right and live right. Because good nutrition is the first step to a happy and healthy life.

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2-minute Speech on Nutrition

Let’s talk about nutrition, a very important part of our lives. What is nutrition? It’s all about the food we eat and how our bodies use that food to keep us healthy and strong. It’s like fuel for a car. If we put the right fuel in, our bodies, like cars, will run smoothly.

There are three main types of nutrients we should know about: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Carbohydrates, found in foods like bread and pasta, give us energy to play and study. Proteins, found in foods like meat and beans, help our bodies grow and repair themselves. Fats, found in butter and oils, provide us with stored energy. It’s like having a spare battery when our energy runs out.

Next, we have vitamins and minerals. They are our body’s little helpers. They help us use the nutrients in our food and keep our bodies working well. For example, Vitamin D helps our bodies use calcium, a mineral that makes our bones strong. We also need fiber, which is found in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Fiber helps our stomachs feel full and keeps our digestion working well.

It’s important to eat a variety of foods to get all the nutrients we need. Imagine your plate as a rainbow, each color representing a different type of food. Red could be apples or tomatoes, green could be peas or broccoli. The more colors we have on our plate, the more different nutrients we can get.

But, just like too much of anything isn’t good, eating too much food can be bad for us too. Eating more than our bodies need can lead to weight gain and other health problems. So, it’s important to eat the right amount of food.

Sometimes, it can be hard to know if we’re eating the right foods and the right amount. The food pyramid is a helpful guide. It shows us how much of each type of food we should eat. At the bottom of the pyramid are the foods we should eat the most, like fruits and vegetables. At the top are the foods we should eat the least, like sweets and fats.

Now, let’s not forget about water. Our bodies need lots of water to keep working well. We should try to drink at least eight glasses of water every day. Water helps carry the nutrients to all parts of our bodies and removes waste.

In conclusion, good nutrition is very important. It helps us stay healthy, strong, and full of energy. Remember, eating a variety of foods, not eating too much, using the food pyramid as a guide, and drinking lots of water are great ways to make sure we get the nutrition we need.

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Informative Speech Topics on Nutrition

Eating a well-balanced and nutritious diet helps you maintain your health. Nutrition comes in many different forms. There are many vitamins that your body needs to function properly. Some foods and vitamins give you more energy, and others help keep your organs operating properly. Share your experience to help others benefit from the lessons that you have learned.

Nutrition and Age

Speak about the nutritional needs of those in your age group. Nutritional needs vary depending on age. As a young adult, share information about how to eat nutritious meals when you have a busy schedule. Some topics include preparing meals ahead of time so they are quick to heat up and limiting the amount of meals you purchase at fast food restaurants in an attempt to save time. Offer some helpful tips about nutritious snacks to keep with you, such as carrot and celery sticks instead of junk food like candy or cookies.

College Nurtrition

Life for college students is full of new experiences, including the students being responsible for the nutritional values of their meals. With this new-found freedom of choice, nutritious foods are not always the first choice. During your speech, talk about ways to find out about the nutritional information of food served in the dining hall, such as calling or looking it up online. Share ideas with your fellow students for tasty foods and snacks that will not consume their entire day's allotments of calories.

Nutrition For Athletes

If you are an athlete, you may be aware of the nutrition you need to be at the top of your game. Share this information with other athletes who are new to the sport, or who are not aware of how to shape their nutritional menus. In your speech, include tips you have learned on using nutrition to improve your endurance and limit fatigue while participating in the sport. Other tips include how to limit fat intake by making more informed food choices.

Medical Conditions

If you have a medical condition such as diabetes or high blood pressure, you have likely learned over time the importance of nutritious food choices. With these conditions, you may have found that you cannot enjoy some of your favorite foods. Share information with others who have recently been diagnosed with the same condition or have not monitored their nutrition consumption and need assistance in keeping the condition under control.

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Alan Kirk has been writing for online publications since 2006. He has more than 15 years' experience in catering, management and government relations. Kirk has a bachelor's degree in business management from the University of Maryland.

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On the Strategies for Healthy Eating Promotion Essay (Speech)

Introduction.

• General Goal: To inform
• Specific Goal: At the end of my speech, the audience will gain critical insights into various strategies for healthy eating.
• Central Idea: Healthy eating is critically essential for good nutrition and health. It protects individuals from a wide range of chronic and non-communicable diseases and ensures improved memory and brain health.

Did you know a significant majority of Americans do not eat healthy diets? More than 80% are not eating enough vegetables, whole grains, and fruits, while a third of American adults are obese (Blackstone et al., 2018). The leading cause of obesity is due to lack of sufficient knowledge on strategies for healthy eating.

Today, I have the opportunity to talk to you about the key strategies of healthy eating. Contrary to popular beliefs, eating healthy is not expensive and requires only a few simple tactics. Although I am not a nutritionist, my presentation is based on credible empirical evidence from a wide range of previously conducted research.

Today, I will discuss three strategies for healthy eating: I will first talk about the importance of making a food journal and planning meals and snacks for each week based on the available budget. Then, I will be discussing why serving meals regularly in smaller dishes is good for your body. Finally, I will be looking at why eating at home is better than eating out. Now that you are aware of the overview, let’s begin discussing my first point.

It is critically important to make a food journal and plan meals and snacks for each week based on your available budget. A recent study revealed that it costs a little more per day to eat a healthy meal (Beets et al., 2018). Food journals are a cost-effective way of keeping track of how much you spend on food. Individuals who consistently keep food journals and plan their meals tend to stay healthy and eat balanced diets.A good food journal should contain more grains and at least one meatless meal in a weak while at the same time ensuring more fruits and vegetables. Planning meals, drinks, and snacks using food journals help one realize if they are consuming enough of each food group, promoting better nutrition. It is easier to determine if you react to certain foods by keeping a food diary. Writing down what you eat and how you feel after helps you realize your intolerance towards some ingredients or food choices.

A food journal or diary makes it easier to understand one’s eating habits and makes it easier to make changes to the diet and ensure healthy eating.Several studies concur that people who successfully keep food journals are likely to have balanced diets and maintain healthy weights (Reinders et al., 2017). Record-keeping helps one lose weight by informing them about their food choices and unhealthy eating habits to make necessary changes. Moreover, writing down the time and mood for the day when keeping a food journal can help identify triggers to unhealthy eating. Recognizing specific triggers will help you get rid of unhealthy eating habits.

Now that we’ve successfully discussed the importance of making a food journal and planning meals and snacks for each week based on the available budget, let’s talk about why serving meals in smaller dishes but regularly is good for your body.

Serving meals in smaller dishes but regularly is great for your body and general wellbeing. Smaller but regular meals help in controlling appetite while at the same time ensuring efficient metabolism. Studies have shown that individuals who serve larger dishes at once gain weight more than those who serve smaller and regular portions (Reinders et al., 2017). Small portions provide nutrients to the body throughout the day and stabilize blood sugar levels. Mini-meals also aid in improving one’s metabolism. A good metabolism increases energy levels making one very active and alert throughout the day.

Although making a food journal to plan weekly meals and serving smaller portions are great healthy eating strategies, it is vital to discuss why eating at home is better than eating out.

Frequently eating at home is crucial for an individual’s health and general wellbeing as it helps avoid fast or junk foods. Individuals who eat at home instead of eating in restaurants or hotels tend to control their foods’ ingredients, thereby enabling them to maintain a healthy diet (Leung et al., 2017). Having control over how your food is prepared helps avoid food allergies. Dining at home also results in significant cost savings on food as it is less expensive than eating in a restaurant. Dietary choices in hotels or restaurants are often limited, making eating out less healthy as most options are processed and sugary. Eating at home means one can control their calories which is significant in weight loss.

As I conclude my speech today, I would wish to leave you with this quote about the importance of eating healthy from the famous playwright ‘The Miser’ “One must eat to live, not live to eat.”

Healthy eating simply requires individuals to adopt a few cost-effective eating strategies. Today, we discussed three approaches that are essential in healthy eating. First, we discussed the importance of making a food journal and planning meals and snacks weekly based on the available budget. Then, we talked about why serving meals in smaller dishes but regularly is good for your body. Finally, we discussed why eating at home is better than eating out. I hope that you have learnt and gained some new critical insights regarding the strategies of eating healthy. Although it is sometimes difficult to achieve healthy eating, it is our responsibility to monitor our food consumption and ensure appropriate dietary intake.

Beets, M. W., Brazendale, K., Weaver, R. G., Turner-McGrievy, G. M., Huberty, J., Moore, J. B., Khan, M. M., & Ward, D. S. (2018). Economic evaluation of a group randomized controlled trial on healthy eating and physical activity in afterschool programs . Preventive Medicine , 106 , 60–65.

Blackstone, N. T., El-Abbadi, N. H., McCabe, M. S., Griffin, T. S., & Nelson, M. E. (2018). Linking sustainability to the healthy eating patterns of the dietary guidelines for Americans: A modelling study. The Lancet Planetary Health , 2 (8), e344–e352.

Leung, A. W. Y., Chan, R. S. M., Sea, M. M. M., & Woo, J. (2017). An overview of factors associated with adherence to lifestyle modification programs for weight management in adults . International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health , 14 (8), 922.

Reinders, M. J., Huitink, M., Dijkstra, S. C., Maaskant, A. J., & Heijnen, J. (2017). Menu-engineering in restaurants – adapting portion sizes on plates to enhance vegetable consumption: A real-life experiment . The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity , 14 (1), 41.

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Eating Healthy: Why Watching Your Diet Is More Important Than Ever - Informative Speech Outline

Good nutrition is essential for a healthy lifestyle. If you're looking for ways to improve your eating habits, you've come to the right place! Today, I'll be sharing an informative speech outline on healthy eating and watching what you eat.

Introduction

• Attention getter: Start with a startling statistic or a compelling quote to grab the audience's attention.
• Introduce the topic of healthy eating and its importance in maintaining overall health and well-being.
• Thesis statement: In this speech, I will be discussing the benefits of healthy eating, the role of diet in disease prevention, and simple tips for getting started on a healthier eating plan.

Benefits of Healthy Eating

• Improved physical and mental health
• Increase in energy levels
• Better sleep quality
• Reduction in chronic disease risk

The Role of Diet in Disease Prevention

• Heart disease

Simple Tips for Getting Started

• Begin with small changes: Start by adding more fruits and vegetables to your meals, or swapping out unhealthy snacks for healthier options.
• Read food labels: Pay attention to serving sizes, calorie counts, and nutrient values when grocery shopping or dining out.
• Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of water throughout the day to keep your body hydrated and flush out toxins.
• Track your progress: Keep a food journal or use a food-tracking app to monitor your eating habits and make adjustments as needed.
• Summarize the main points of the speech and restate the thesis statement.
• Closing statement: Offer a final piece of advice for the audience to take with them, such as a quote or personal story.

Thank you for listening today. For more information and resources on healthy eating, check out our website. You can also download our informative speech outline in PDF format to keep as a guide for your own speech. Remember, small changes can lead to big results when it comes to your health and well-being!

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How to Write an Informative Speech Outline: A Step-by-Step Guide

It’s the moment of truth — the anxiety-inducing moment when you realize writing the outline for your informative speech is due soon. Whether you’re looking to deliver a report on the migratory patterns of the great white stork or give a lecture on the proper techniques of candle making, knowing how to write an effective outline is essential.

That’s why we’ve put together this complete, step-by-step guide on how to write an informative speech outline. From selecting a topic to transitioning during your speech, this guide will have you well on your way to writing a compelling informative speech outline . So grab your pen and paper, put on your thinking cap, and let’s get started!

What is an Informative Speech Outline?

An informative speech outline is a document used to plan the structure and core content of a public speech. It’s used by speakers to ensure their talk covers all the important points, stays on-topic and flows logically from one point to another. By breaking down complex topics into smaller, concise sections, an effective outline can help keep a speaker organized, set objectives for their talk, support key points with evidence and promote audience engagement. A well-structured outline can also make a presentation easier to remember and act as an invaluable reminder if nerves ever get the better of the speaker. On one hand, an informative speech outline enables speakers to cover multiple ideas in an efficient manner while avoiding digressions. On the other hand, it’s important that speakers remain flexible to adjust and adapt content to meet audience needs. While there are some tried-and-tested strategies for creating outlines that work, many successful speakers prefer to tweak and modify existing outlines according to their personal preferences. In conclusion, preparing an informative speech outline can boost confidence and create an effective structure for presentations. With this in mind, let’s now look at how to structure an informative speech outline

How to Structure an Informative Speech Outline

The structure of your informative speech outline should be based on the points you need to cover during your presentation. It should list out all of the main points in an organized and logical manner, along with supporting details for each point. The main structure for an informative speech should consist of three parts: the introduction, body and conclusion.

Introduction

When starting to craft your structure, begin by introducing the topic and giving a brief synopsis of what the audience can expect to learn from your speech. By setting up what they will gain from your presentation, it will help keep them engaged throughout the rest of your talk. Additionally, include any objectives that you want to achieve by the end of your speech.

The body of an informative speech outline typically consists of three parts: main points, sub-points, and supporting details. Main points are the core topics that the speaker wishes to cover throughout the speech. These can be further broken down into sub-points, that explore the main ideas in greater detail. Supporting details provide evidence or facts about each point and can include statistics, research studies, quotes from experts, anecdotes and personal stories . When presenting an informative speech, it is important to consider each side of the topic for an even-handed discussion. If there is an argumentative element to the speech, consider incorporating both sides of the debate . It is also important to be objective when presenting facts and leave value judgments out. Once you have determined your main points and all of their supporting details, you can start ordering them in a logical fashion. The presentation should have a clear flow and move between points smoothly. Each point should be covered thoroughly without getting overly verbose; you want to make sure you are giving enough information to your audience while still being concise with your delivery.

Writing an informative speech outline can be a daunting yet rewarding process. Through the steps outlined above, speakers will have created a strong foundation for their speech and can now confidently start to research their topics . The outline serves as a guiding map for speakers to follow during their research and when writing their eventual speech drafts . Having the process of developing an informative speech broken down into easy and manageable steps helps to reduce stress and anxiety associated with preparing speeches .

• The introduction should be around 10-20% of the total speech duration and is designed to capture the audience’s attention and introduce the topic.
• The main points should make up 40-60% of the speech and provide further detail into the topic. The body should begin with a transition, include evidence or examples and have supporting details. Concluding with a recap or takeaway should take around 10-20% of the speech duration.

While crafting an informative speech outline is a necessary step in order for your presentation to run smoothly, there are many different styles and approaches you can use when creating one. Ultimately though, the goal is always to ensure that the information presented is factual and relevant to both you and your audience. By carefully designing and structuring an effective outline, both you and your audience will be sure to benefit greatly from it when it comes time for delivering a successful presentation .

Now that speakers know how to create an effective outline, it’s time to begin researching the content they plan to include in their speeches. In the next section we’ll discuss how to conduct research for an informative speech so speakers are armed with all the facts necessary to deliver an interesting and engaging presentation .

How to Research for an Informative Speech

When researching an informative speech, it’s important to find valid and reliable sources of information. There are many ways that one can seek out research for an informative speech, and no single method will guarantee a thorough reliable research. Depending on the complexity of the topic and the depth of knowledge required, a variety of methods should be utilized. The first step when researching for an informative speech should be to evaluate your present knowledge of the subject. This will help to determine what specific areas require additional research, and give clues as to where you might start looking for evidence. It is important to know the basic perspectives and arguments surrounding your chosen topic in order to select good sources and avoid biased materials. Textbooks, academic journals, newspaper articles, broadcasts, or credible websites are good starting points for informational speeches. As you search for information and evidence, be sure to use trustworthy authors who cite their sources. These sources refer to experts in the field whose opinions add credibility and can bolster your argument with facts and data. Evaluating these sources is particularly important as they form the foundation of your speech content and structure. Analyze each source critically by looking into who wrote it and evaluating how recent or relevant it is to the current conversation on your chosen topic. As with any research paper, one must strive for accuracy when gathering evidence while also surveying alternative positions on a topic. Considering both sides of a debate allows your speech to provide accurate information while remaining objective. This will also encourage audience members to draw their conclusions instead of taking your word for it. Furthermore, verifying sources from multiple angles (multiple avenues) ensures that information is fact-checked versus opinionated or biased pieces which might distort accuracy or mislead an audience member seeking truth about a controversial issue. At this stage in preparing for an informative speech, research should have been carried out thoroughly enough to allow confidently delivering evidence-based statements about a chosen topic. With all of this necessary groundwork completed, it’s time to move onto the next stage: sourcing different types of evidence which will allow you to illustrate your point in an even more helpful way. It is now time to transition into discussing “Sources & Evidence”.

Sources and Evidence

When crafting an informative speech outline, it is important to include accurate sources and valid evidence. Your audience needs to be sure that the content you are presenting not only reflects a clear understanding of the topic but is also backed up with reliable sources. For example, if you are speaking about climate change, include research studies, statistics, surveys and other forms of data that provide concrete evidence that supports your argument or position. Additionally, be sure to cite any sources used in the speech so that your audience can double-check the accuracy. In some cases, particularly when discussing sensitive topics, each side of the issue should be addressed. Not only does this make for a more balanced discussion, it also allows you to show respect for different points of view without compromising your own opinion or position. Presenting both sides briefly will demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter and show your ability to present a well-rounded argument. Knowing how to source accurately and objectively is key to creating an informative speech outline which will be compelling and engaging for an audience. With the right sources and evidence utilized correctly, you can ensure that your argument is both authoritative and convincing. With these fundamentals in place, you can move on to developing tips for crafting an informative speech for maximum impact and engagement with the listeners.

Tips for Crafting an Informative Speech

When crafting an informative speech, there are certain tips and tricks that you can use to make sure your outline is the best it can be. Firstly, if you are speaking about a controversial issue, make sure you present both sides of the argument in an unbiased manner. Rely on researching credible sources, and discuss different points of views objectively. Additionally, organize and prioritize your points so that they are easy to follow and follow a logical progression. Begin with introducing a succinct thesis statement that briefly summarizes the main points of your speech. This will give the audience a clear idea of what topics you will be discussing and help retain their attention throughout your speech. Furthermore, be mindful to weave in personal anecdotes or relevant stories so that the audience can better relate to your ideas. Make sure the anecdotes have a purpose and demonstrate the key themes effectively. Acquiring creative ways to present data or statistics is also important; avoid inundating the audience with too many facts and figures all at once. Finally, ensure that all visual aids such as props, charts or slides remain relevant to the subject matter being discussed. Visual aids not only keep listeners engaged but also make difficult concepts easier to understand. With these handy tips in mind, you should be well on your way to constructing an effective informative speech outline! Now let’s move onto exploring some examples of effective informative speech outlines so that we can get a better idea of how it’s done.

Examples of Effective Informative Speech Outlines

Informative speeches must be compelling and provide relevant details, making them effective and impactful. In order to create an effective outline, speakers must first conduct extensive research on the chosen topic. An effective informative speech outline will clearly provide the audience with enough information to keep them engaged while also adhering to a specific timeframe. The following are examples of how to effectively organize an informative speech: I. Introduction: A. Stimulate their interest – pose a question, present intriguing facts or establish a humorous story B. Clearly state the main focus of the speech C. Establish your credibility– explain your experience/research conducted for the speech II. Supporting Points: A. Each point should contain facts and statistics related to your main idea B. Each point should have its own solid evidence that supports it III. Conclusion: A. Summarize supporting points B. Revisit your introduction point and explain how it’s been updated/changed through the course of the discussion C. Offer a final statement or call to action IV. Bibliography: A. Cite all sources used in creating the speech (provide an alphabetical list) Debate both sides of argument if applicable: N/A

Commonly Asked Questions

What techniques can i use to ensure my informative speech outline is organized and cohesive.

When crafting an informative speech outline, there are several techniques you can use to ensure your speech is organized and cohesive. First of all, make sure your speech follows a logical flow by using signposting , outlining the main ideas at the beginning of the speech and then bulleting out your supporting points. Additionally, you can use transitions throughout the speech to create a smooth order for your thoughts, such as ‘next’ and ‘finally’. Furthermore, it is important that each point in your outline has a specific purpose or goal, to avoid rambling and confusion. Finally, use visual aids such as charts and diagrams to emphasise key ideas and add clarity and structure to your speech. By following these techniques , you can ensure your informative speech outline is well organized and easy to follow.

How should I structure the order of the information in an informative speech outline?

The structure of an informative speech outline should be simple and organized, following a linear step-by-step process. First, you should introduce the topic to your audience and provide an overview of the main points. Next, give an explanation of each point, offer evidence or examples to support it, and explain how it relates to the overall subject matter. Finally, you should conclude with a summary of the main points and a call for action. When structuring the order of information in an informative speech outline, it is important to keep topics distinct from one another and stick to the logical progression that you have established in your introduction. Additionally, pay attention to chronology if appropriate; when discussing historical events, for example, make sure that they are presented in the correct order. Moreover, use transition phrases throughout your outline to help move ideas along smoothly. Finally, utilize both verbal and visual aids such as diagrams or graphics to illustrate complex knowledge effectively and engage your audience throughout your presentation.

What are the essential components of an informative speech outline?

The essential components of an informative speech outline are the introduction, body, and conclusion. Introduction: The introduction should establish the topic of your speech, provide background information, and lead into the main purpose of your speech. It’s also important to include a strong attention-grabbing hook in order to grab the audience’s attention. Body: The body is where you expand on the main points that were outlined in the introduction. It should provide evidence and arguments to support these points, as well as explain any counterarguments that might be relevant. Additionally, it should answer any questions or objections your audience may have about the topic. Conclusion: The conclusion should restate the purpose of your speech and summarize the main points from the body of your speech. It should also leave your audience feeling inspired and motivated to take some kind of action after hearing your speech. In short, an effective informative speech outline should strongly focus on bringing all of these elements together in a cohesive structure to ensure that you deliver an engaging presentation that educates and informs your audience.

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Are you tasked with delivering an informative speech but don’t know how to begin? You're in the right place! 

This type of speech aims to inform and educate the audience about a particular topic. It conveys knowledge about that topic in a systematic and logical way, ensuring that the audience gets the intended points comprehensively. 

So, how do you prepare for your speech? Here’s the answer: crafting an effective informative speech begins with a well-structured outline. 

In this guide, we'll walk you through the process of creating an informative speech outline, step by step. Plus, you’ll get some amazing informative speech outline examples to inspire you. 

Let’s get into it!

• 1. What is an Informative Speech Outline?
• 2. How to Write an Informative Speech Outline?
• 3. Informative Speech Outline Examples

What is an Informative Speech Outline?

An informative speech outline is like a roadmap for your presentation. It's a structured plan that helps you organize your thoughts and information in a clear and logical manner.

Here's what an informative speech outline does:

• Organizes Your Ideas: It helps you arrange your thoughts and ideas in a logical order, making it easier for your audience to follow your presentation.
• Ensures Clarity: An outline ensures that your speech is clear and easy to understand. It prevents you from jumping from one point to another without a clear path.
• Saves Time: With a well-structured outline, you'll spend less time searching for what to say next during your speech. It's your cheat sheet.
• Keeps Your Audience Engaged: A well-organized outline keeps your audience engaged and focused on your message. It's the key to a successful presentation.
• Aids Memorization: Having a structured outline can help you remember key points and maintain a confident delivery.

How to Write an Informative Speech Outline?

Writing a helpful speech outline is not so difficult if you know what to do. Here are 4 simple steps to craft a perfect informative outline. 

Step 1: Choose an Engaging Topic

Selecting the right topic is the foundation of a compelling, informative speech. Choose unique and novel informative speech topics that can turn into an engaging speech. 

Here's how to do it:

• Consider Your Audience: Think about the interests, knowledge, and expectations of your audience. What would they find interesting and relevant?
• Choose Your Expertise: Opt for a topic you're passionate about or knowledgeable in. Your enthusiasm will shine through in your presentation.
• Narrow It Down: Avoid broad subjects. Instead, focus on a specific aspect of the topic to keep your speech manageable and engaging.

With these tips in mind, you can find a great topic for your speech.

Step 2: Conduct Some Research

Now that you have your topic, it's time to gather the necessary information. You need to do thorough research and collect some credible information necessary for the audience to understand your topic.

Moreover, understand the types of informative speeches and always keep the main purpose of your speech in mind. That is, to inform, educate, or teach. This will help you to avoid irrelevant information and stay focused on your goal.

Step 3: Structure Your Information

Now that you have the required information to make a good speech, you need to organize it logically. This is where the outlining comes in! 

The basic speech format consists of these essential elements:

Moreover, there are two different ways to write your outline: 

• The complete sentence format 
• The key points format

In the complete sentence outline , you write full sentences to indicate each point and help you check the organization and content of the speech. 

In the key points format, you just note down the key points and phrases that help you remember what you should include in your speech.

Step 4: Review and Revise

Finally, once you've created your initial informative speech outline, you need to review and revise it. 

Here's how to go about it:

• Ensure Clarity: Review your outline to ensure that your main points and supporting details are clear and easy to understand. 
• Verify Logical Sequence: Double-check the order of your points and transitions. Ensure that the flow of your speech is logical and that your audience can follow it easily.
• Eliminate Redundancy: Remove any redundant or repetitive information. Keep your outline concise and to the point. 
• Time Yourself: Estimate how long it will take to deliver your speech. Ensure it fits within the allotted time frame, whether it's a few minutes or an hour.
• Get Feedback: Share your outline with a friend, family member, or colleague and ask for their input. Fresh eyes can provide valuable suggestions for improvement.

Follow these basic steps and write a compelling speech that gives complete knowledge about the topic. Here is a sample outline example that will help you better understand how to craft an informative speech outline.

Informative Speech Outline Format

Informative Speech Outline Examples

Let’s explore a few example outlines to help you visualize an informative speech outline. These examples illustrate the outlines for different topics and subjects.

Mental Health Informative Speech Outline

Stress Informative Speech Outline

Social Media Informative Speech Outline

Informative Speech Outline Template

Informative Speech Outline Sample

To sum it up,

Creating an effective outline is your pathway to delivering an impactful, organized, and engaging speech. Making an outline for your speech ensures that your message shines through with clarity and purpose. 

With the help of the steps and examples given above, you will be able to create a well-structured outline for your informative speech. So go ahead and deliver an engaging informative speech with the help of outlines.

Moreover, if you're passionate about public speaking but find speech writing a tedious task, your worries can now take a back seat. At MyPerfectWords.com , we offer a convenient solution.

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Informative Speech Sample Outline

I.   Introduction

A.       Imagine this:   You’ve been driving around all day doing errands and

it is about time for dinner.   You don’t want to go home to a dirty

kitchen and try to scrounge up something to eat, so what do you do?

B.        A common choice these days is to eat out.   But where do you go?  

According to an article in CQ Researcher , “46 million Americans

patronize 160,000 different fast-food restaurants every day” ( Clark 38).

C.        One of the leaders in this industry is McDonald’s.   As an assistant

manager at McDonald’s, I deal with customer satisfaction much of

the time.   I have to know what make the customers want to come back.

D.       Today I would like to discuss what influences customer’s choice of fast food restaurant.   With research and personal experience, I have found three major factors are correlated with a restaurant’s success.   These factors are:   good value, fast service, and a quality product.

II .   Body

          A.       First, everyone likes a good bargain, but is charging the customer

a lower price good for business?

1.        According to the magazine, Advertising Age , two years after

introducing their 59 cent Value Menu, Taco Bell’s sales rose

50%.   (Hume & Johnson 59).

                   2.        Other restaurants had to follow suit, even though profit

margin went down.

3.        Now there are value deals in every corner of the fast food industry.

a.        McDonalds has 39 cent cheeseburger Wednesdays and Sundays.

b.        Burger King has a number of items for 99 cents.

B.        Second on the list or what makes a fast food restaurant successful

is service.  

1.        An article in Forbes magazine suggests that Americans want fast service and they are willing to sacrifice quality and variety to get it (Harris 32).

2.        Fast food restaurants have established campaigns to improve service.

          a.        Burger King is trying dinner table service.

b.        At Denny’s you could get a free meal if it is not

                   delivered on time.

c.        McDonalds has a fast and friendly guarantee.

          C.        Even with the focus on value and service, the subject of quality

does come into play.

1.       Incidents with ecoli food poisoning at Jack in the Box have had an impact on how restaurants promote food safety.

2.        Other health issues such as nutrition and freshness are on the mind of the consumer.

a .       A National Restaurant Association poll found that 70% of Americans worry about nutrition ( Clark 42)

b.                  Mc Donald’s, Burger King and Kentucky Fried Chicken

are all promoting low-fat or low-carbohydrate menu items.

III .   Conclusion

A.       It appears that value, service, and quality are factors that help ensure a restaurant’s success.

B.        So the next time you’ve had a busy day and you don’t want to deal with a dirty kitchen, I hope you remember some of what I’ve said as you think of where you want to go to eat.

Bibliography

Clark, William.   “Fast Food Fast Profit.” CQ Researcher 17

Nov. 2002: 37-45.

                             Harris, Janet.   “Marketing Changes in the Fast-Food

Industry.” Journal of Restaurant Management    42

(2004) 30-39.

                             Hume, Mark and Tina Johnson. “Big Times for The Big Mac.”

Seattle Times , 10 March 1999 : D1

My Speech Class

Public Speaking Tips & Speech Topics

Informative Speech Outline – Template & Examples

Jim Peterson has over 20 years experience on speech writing. He wrote over 300 free speech topic ideas and how-to guides for any kind of public speaking and speech writing assignments at My Speech Class.

Informative speeches are used in our day-to-day lives without even noticing it, we use these speeches whenever we inform someone about a topic they didn’t have much knowledge on, whenever we give someone instructions on how to do something that they haven’t done before, whenever we tell someone about another person. Informative speaking is fairly new to the world of public speaking. Ancient philosophers like Aristotle, Cicero and, Quintilian envisioned public speaking as rhetoric, which is inherently persuasive.

In this article:

What is an Informative Speech?

Here are some ways to prepare for your speech, 1. develop support for your thesis, 2. write your introduction and conclusion, 3. deliver the speech, example of an informative speech outline.

An informative speech is designed to inform the audience about a certain topic of discussion and to provide more information. It is usually used to educate an audience on a particular topic of interest. The main goal of an informative speech is to provide enlightenment concerning a topic the audience knows nothing about. The main types of informative speeches are descriptive, explanatory, demonstrative, and definition speeches. The topics that are covered in an informative speech should help the audience understand the subject of interest better and help them remember what they learned later. The goal of an informative speech isn’t to persuade or sway the audience to the speaker’s point of view but instead to educate. The details need to be laid out to the audience so that they can make an educated decision or learn more about the subject that they are interested in.

It is important for the speaker to think about how they will present the information to the audience.  

Informative Speech Preparation

When you are preparing your informative speech, your preparation is the key to a successful speech. Being able to carry your information across to the audience without any misunderstanding or misinterpretation is very important.

1. Choose Your Topic

Pick a topic where you will explain something, help people understand a certain subject, demonstrate how to use something.

2. Make a Thesis Statement

Think about what point you are trying to get across, What is the topic that you want to educate your audience on? “I will explain…” “I will demonstrate how to…” “I will present these findings…”

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3. Create Points That Support Your Thesis

Take a moment to think about what would support your thesis and take a moment to write the points down on a sheet of paper. Then, take a moment to elaborate on those points and support them. 

Typical Organization for an Informative Speech:

How to Speech: 4 Key steps to doing what you are talking about.

Example: Step One: Clean the chicken of any unwanted feathers and giblets. Step Two: Spice the chicken and add stuffings. Step Three: Set oven to 425 degrees Fahrenheit. Step Four: Place chicken in the oven and cook for an hour. 

History/ What Happened Speech: Points listing from the beginning to the latest events that you want to discuss in your speech.

Example: First, Harry met Sally. Second, Harry took Sally out to the roadhouse. Third, Harry and Sally started their courtship. Fourth, Harry and Sally moved in together and adopted a dog named Paco.

What is it Speech: Two to Four main points that discuss the key elements of your subject.

Example: First, there must be four wheels. Second, the car’s engine must be functioning. Third, the doors must be functional. Fourth, in order to get to your destination, the car’s steering has to be functional.

Explain it Speech: Two to Four main points that go through the key elements of the topic to explain it.

Example: Firstly, the car drives by the engine that powers it to move forward. Secondly, by the wheels that rotate in a forward or backward motion. Thirdly, the car’s engine is powered by gas which gives it the ability to function and essentially move the car.

Write down support for your points. Take some time to research your topic thoroughly. It is good to gather statistics, expert opinions, facts, and much more to make your speech unique and effective. 

There are three main types of support you should use to strengthen your speech: 

Interest supports.

Interest supports are used to increase the audience’s interest in the topic you are presenting.

• Personal experiences
• Interaction (e.g., Questions to the audience)

Evidence Supports

Evidence increases solid factual support in your speech. Examples of evidence supported are statistics, expert opinions, direct quotations. Studies, surveys, and facts.

Multimedia Aids

Multimedia aids such as posters with pictures and writing, DVDs, music or recordings on a stereo player, videotapes, and PowerPoint presentations.

Write your introduction. Provide a quick attention getter, state your thesis, elaborate on why it is important to you and your audience. It is expected that you preview your main points in the introduction by listing all your main points of discussion in your introduction.

Write your conclusion. Tie the speech together, build to a higher point and give it a sense of conclusion.

Practice your speech until you feel confident. Present your material as effectively as possible.

Informative Speech Outline

Creating an outline for an informative speech will help you organize your ideas and information to share with your audience in an effective manner. A well-planned outline will ensure that all the important information is included in your speech and ensure that you don’t wander off-topic.

Topic: This will be the title of your speech.

Purpose: To inform the audience about the topic.

Thesis: A theme statement that clearly describes the topic and points made in the presentation.

• Introduction
• Attention-grabbing opening statement
• Reason to listen to the speech
• Thesis statement
• Preview of points to be covered
• First main point
• First subpoint
• Supporting detail
• Second subpoint
• Second main point
• Third main point
• Restatement of main points
• Restatement of thesis
• Concluding remarks

When developing an outline, follow these rules to ensure a successful speech:

• Include one idea for every point, subpoint, or supporting detail.
• If there is one point, there must be a second point. If there is one supporting point, there should be a second supporting point. 
• Be consistent. If you are using full sentences to describe points and subpoints, use full sentences throughout the outline. Ensure that the verb tense is consistent throughout your outline as well.

Informative Speech Outline Examples

Topic: Adoption

Purpose: To inform people about adoption

Thesis: Adoption is the act of transferring parental rights and duties to someone other than the adopted person’s biological parents. The number of children adopted each year by American families is an estimate only.

• What do Edgar Allan Poe, John Lennon, Steve Jobs, and Eleanor Roosevelt all have in common? They were all adopted. Adoption is the act of transferring parental rights and duties to someone other than the adopted person’s biological parents. The adoption process is lengthy, expensive, and varies from country to country and even state to state. Not only does adoption vary from state to state, but sometimes the adoption process even varies within regions of a state.
• Many children get adopted every year. No one knows how adoption works.
• Adoption is a life-changing event, not just for the children involved but also for every single family made whole through adoption.
• Adoption processes vary from place to place. Types of adoption. Benefits and detriments to adoption. Many children who are adopted have experienced neglect and abuse.
• Adoption processes vary from place to place.
• The adoption process varies from state to state.
• It is more expensive in certain states than in others.
• The amount of paperwork throughout the process also depends on the state legislature.
• The adoption process varies within a state.
• In certain states, the adoption process is different from one region to the next.
• The process is different depending on the child protection laws set in each region inside a state.
• Types of adoption
• There are different types of adoption.
• There is step-parent or other family member adoption
• There is also adoption across state lines
• The more traditional adoption types are commonly known.
• There is private adoption which is most commonly found throughout the U.S.
• Adoption through foster care is a good thing to try for first-time adopters.
• The adoption process is expensive.
• There are a lot of upfront expenses.
• You are subjected to adoption agency fees to help you find a suitable match for your family.
• You also have to pay to adopt the child you want to adopt.
• There are a lot of big expenses in terms of the child too.
• Readying a living space to suit a child’s wants and needs can be expensive.
• Many new expenses come to light like healthcare, school, etc.
• Adoption processes vary from state to state. There are many different types of adoption. Adoption can be expensive, so you have to ensure that you are financially capable of caring for another human being.
• Adoption is the act of transferring parental rights and duties to someone other than the adopted person’s biological parents. The number of children adopted each year by American families is an estimate only.
• Adoption is an absolutely life-changing adventure, but everyone needs to be more educated before walking into a demanding process. There will be many emotions, expenses, and frustration, but it truly is worth it in the end.

Topic: Snakebites and how they’re treated

Purpose: To inform the audience of the dangers of snakes and how to respond to being bitten by a snake.

Thesis: Snakebites are dangerous and could ultimately lead to loss of life if not acted upon correctly.

• Imagine that you and your friend are walking in the woods, one sunny day in the fall when leaves cover the ground. Suddenly, your friend accidentally steps on a snake and gets bitten.
• Your friend’s chance of survival depends on your knowledge of acting promptly and taking proper measures in this situation.
• Today I will inform you about three common poisonous snakes seen in our country and explain to you the effects of a snake bite.
• Three poisonous snakes. Effects of the snake’s venom. How to administer first aid in the event of a snake bite.
• Three poisonous snakes
• There are two types of Rattlesnakes.
• William Pinkston: Responsible for more deaths in this country.
• Western diamondback: found from Texas to Eastern California.
• Copperhead and Cottonmouth
• Before striking, it opens its mouth wide to reveal its white inside.
• That’s how it got its name.
• The effects of snake venom on the human body
• Hepatotoxic
• Destroys blood vessels and red blood cells.
• Deadly and fatal to the victim.
• It affects the optic nerves in the eyes, causing blindness.
• It affects the nerves controlling the respiratory muscles, causing suffocation and eventually leading to death if left untreated.
• How to administer first aid in the event of a snake bite.
• Immobilize the bitten area slightly lower than the heart.
• Apply a flat constricting band 2-4 inches above the bite.
• With a sterile scalpel or knife, make one incision that connects the fang marks.
• Squeeze venom gently from the incision with your fingers for 30 minutes.
• Get the victim to the hospital as soon as possible.
• Snake bites are dangerous and could ultimately lead to loss of life if not acted upon correctly.
• Snake bites are dangerous and could ultimately lead to loss of life if they are not cared for properly, and the victim doesn’t get the necessary treatment in time.

Informative speeches have one main goal: to inform the audience of a specific topic of interest. For you to have an effective and successful informative speech, it is important to do your research and draw up an informative speech outline. The speech outline ensures that you do not wander off topic or get carried away with one point. 

If, on the other hand, you have to prepare persuasive speech, we have a guide on outlining and preparing for it the right way right here .

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14.5: Sample Informative Speeches and Speech Outlines

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Sample Informative Speech Outline

By Shannon Stanley

Topic: Lord Byron

Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about the life of George Gordon, Lord Byron.

Central Idea: George Gordon, Lord Byron overcame physical hardships, was a world-renowned poet, and an advocate for the Greek’s war for freedom.

Introduction

A. Attention step : Imagine an eleven year old boy who has been beaten and sexually abused repeatedly by the very person who is supposed to take care of him. B. Reveal topic/thesis : This is one of the many hurdles that George Gordon, better known as Lord Byron, overcame during his childhood. Lord Byron was also a talented poet with the ability to transform his life into the words of his poetry. Byron became a serious poet by the age of fifteen and he was first published in 1807 at the age of nineteen. Lord Byron was a staunch believer in freedom and equality, so he gave most of his fortune, and in the end, his very life, supporting the Greek’s war for independence. C. Establish credibility : While many of you have probably never heard of Lord Byron, his life and written work will become more familiar to you when you take Humanities 1201, as I learned when I took it last semester. D. Preview body of speech : In this speech I will talk about Lord Byron’s early childhood, accomplishments, and life outside of poetry

Transition : Let me start with Lord Byron’s childhood.

A. Main point 1: Lord Byron’s childhood

I. Subpoint 1: Birth and disability

a. Lord Byron was born on January 22, 1788 to Captain John Byron and Catherine Gordon Byron. b. According to Paul Trueblood, the author of Lord Byron, Lord Byron’s father only married Catherine for her dowry, which he quickly went through, leaving his wife and child nearly Penniless. c. By the age of two, Lord Byron and his mother had moved to Aberdeen in Scotland and shortly thereafter, his father died in France at the age of thirty-six. d. Lord Byron was born with a clubbed right foot, which is a deformity that caused his foot to turn sideways instead of remaining straight, and his mother had no money to seek treatment for this painful and embarrassing condition. e. He would become very upset and fight anyone who even spoke of his lameness f. Despite his handicap, Lord Byron was very active and liked competing with the other boys.

II. Subpoint 2: Later childhood, sexual abuse.

a. At the age of ten, his grand-uncle died leaving him the title as the sixth Baron Byron of Rochdale. With this title, he also inherited Newstead Abbey, a dilapidated estate that was in great need of repair. b. Because the Abbey was in Nottinghamshire England, he and his mother moved there and stayed at the abbey until it was rented out to pay for the necessary repairs. c. During this time, May Gray, Byron’s nurse had already begun physically and sexually abusing him. A year passed before he finally told his guardian, John Hanson, about May’s abuse; she was fired immediately. Unfortunately, the damage had already been done. d. In the book Lord Byron, it is stated that years later he wrote “My passions were developed very early- so early, that few would believe me if I were to state the period, and the facts which accompanied it.”

Transition : Although Lord Byron had many obstacles to overcome, during his childhood, he became a world-renowned poet by the age of 24.

B. Main point 2: Lord Byron’s accomplishments as a poet

I. Subpoint 1: Beginning of the career

a. Lord Byron experienced the same emotions we all do, but he was able to express those emotions in the form of his poetry and share them with the world. b. According to Horace Gregory, The author of Poems of, George Gordon, Lord Byron, the years from 1816 through 1824 is when Lord Byron was most known throughout Europe. c. But according to Paul Trueblood, Childe Harold was published in 1812 and became one of the best-selling works of literature in the 19th century. d. Childe Harold was written while Lord Byron was traveling through Europe after graduating from Trinity College. e. Many authors such as Trueblood, and Garrett, the author of George Gordon, Lord Byron, express their opinion that Childe Harold is an autobiography about Byron and his travels.

II. Subpoint 2: Poem topics

a. Lord Byron often wrote about the ones he loved the most, such as the poem “She Walks in Beauty” written about his cousin Anne Wilmont, and “Stanzas for Music” written for his half-sister, Augusta Leigh. b. He was also an avid reader of the Old Testament and would write poetry about stories from the Bible that he loved. One such story was about the last king of Babylon. This poem was called the “Vision of Belshazzar,” and is very much like the bible version in the book of Daniel.

Transition : Although Lord Byron is mostly known for his talents as a poet, he was also an advocate for the Greek’s war for independence.

C. Main point 3: Lord Byron’s life other than poetry

I. Sub point 1: Byron arrived in Greece in 1823 during a civil war.

a. Lord Byron, after his self-imposed exile from England, took the side of the Greek’s in their war for freedom from Turkish rule. b. The Greek’s were too busy fighting amongst themselves to come together to form a formidable army against the Turks. According to Martin Garrett, Lord Byron donated money to refit the Greek’s fleet of ships, but did not immediately get involved in the situation. He had doubts as to if or when the Greek’s would ever come together and agree long enough to make any kind of a difference in their war effort. c. Eventually the Greek’s united and began their campaign for the Greek War of Independence. d. He began pouring more and more of his fortune into the Greek army and finally accepted a position to oversee a small group of men sailing to Missolonghi. e. Lord Byron set sail for Missolonghi in Western Greece in 1824. He took a commanding position over a small number of the Greek army despite his lack of military training. f. He had also made plans to attack a Turkish held fortress but became very ill before the plans were ever carried through.

II. Sub point II: Death

a. Lord Byron died on April 19, 1824 at the age of 36 due to the inexperienced doctors who continued to bleed him while he suffered from a severe fever. b. After Lord Byron’s death, the Greek War of Independence, due to his support, received more foreign aid which led to their eventual victory in 1832. c. Lord Byron is hailed as a national hero by the Greek nation d. Many tributes such as statues and road-names have been devoted to Lord Byron since the time of his death.

A. Signal end of speech (transition) : In conclusion, B. Review main points and summarize : Lord Byron overcame great physical hardships to become a world-renowned poet, and is seen as a hero to the Greek nation and is mourned by them still today. C. Sense of completeness/clincher/memorable ending : I have chosen not to focus on Lord Byron’s more liberal way of life, but rather to focus on his accomplishments in life. He was a man who owed no loyalty to Greece, yet gave his life to support their cause. Most of the world will remember Lord Byron primarily through his written attributes, but Greece will always remember him as the “Trumpet Voice of Liberty.”

Sample Informative Speech by Pamela Meyer

Garrett, M. (2000). George Gordon, Lord Byron. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Gregory, H. (1969). Poems of George Gordon, Lord Byron. New York, NY: Thomas Y. Crowell Company.

Trueblood, P. G. (1969). Lord Byron. (S. E. Bowman, Ed.). New York, NY:Twayne Publishers.

COMM B1: Informative Speeches: Citing Sources Orally

• Finding Reference Books
• Using OneSearch
• Finding Articles
• Finding Websites
• Defining Scholarly Sources
• Finding Empirical Sources
• Evaluating Sources
• Citing Sources
• Citing Sources Orally
• Other Helpful LibGuides

What Are Oral Citations?

Oral citations : When you are delivering your speeches, you should plan on telling the audience the source(s) of your information while you are speaking. (from James Madison University Communication Center )

A good speech should be well-researched, and many times you will be using facts, statistics, quotes, or opinions from others throughout. If you do not cite your sources orally, this can be considered plagiarism and is unethical. This applies to direct quotations, paraphrasing, and summarizing. You must orally cite, even if you will be providing a bibliography,  works cited, or reference list to your instructor.  (adapted from Sante Fe College Oral Citation LibGuide )

Why Cite Your Sources During a Speech?

(adapted from College of Southern Nevada's Oral Citation LibGuide )

CREDIBILITY

An oral citation conveys the reliability, validity and currency of your information. Citing your sources orally lets your audience know that you have researched your topic.  The stronger your sources are, the stronger your credibility will be.

Bakersfield College’s Student Academic Integrity Policy defines plagiarism as “ the act of using the ideas or work of another person or persons as if they were one's own, without giving credit to the source.” This policy, along with Bakersfield College’s Student Code of  Conduct, Code #15 , prohibit plagiarism.

Failure to provide an oral citation is considered a form of plagiarism, even if you cite your sources in a written outline, bibliography, works cited page or list of references.

When you are delivering a speech, you must provide an oral citation for any words, information or ideas that are not your own.  

When Do You Cite Sources in a Speech?

(adapted from Gateway Community and Technical College COM 181 LibGuide )

• Oral citations will always be in a narrative style; you mention citation details about the work as part of your presentation.
• Place the citation before the information to give weight and authority to what you're about to say.
• You must cite words or ideas that come from another person or you will be plagiarizing their work!
• When you are providing information that is not commonly known, such as statistics, expert opinions, or study results.
• Whenever you use a direct quotation. 
• If you are unsure if a citation is required, be safe and cite the source.

Citing Sources in a Speech Video

How Do You Cite Sources in a Speech?

The best practice is to provide a full oral citation that would include the author(s) (assuming that is available), the name of the publication, the specific publication date and year, and any other pertinent information.  How you cite your information should highlight the most important aspects of that citation (e.g., we may not know who “Dr. Smith” is, but if Dr. Smith is identified as a lead researcher of race relations at New York University, the citation will take on more credibility).    (adapted from Tips for Oral Citations from Eastern Illinois University )

(adapted from  Gateway Community and Technical College COM 181 LibGuide )

The first mention of a work should include all citation elements; subsequent mentions of that work only require the author as long as source attribution remains clear (i.e. you have not used a different source in intervening narrative).

What are the elements of an oral citation.

• If the source might not be recognized by your listeners, add a comment to help establish its credibility. 
• Include enough detail to help your listener locate the work later.
• Do give the full date in citations that refer to newspaper or magazine articles.
• Particularly important if there are statistics or data that change over time.
• Mention the publication year for books and journals.
• If there is there is no date, as with some websites, state the date that you accessed the material.
• Also indicate the Author's credentials (why they are an authority on the subject).
• If there are two authors, use both names in your citation.
• If there are more than two authors, name the first author and use "and associates" or "and colleagues".
• If the full title is long, use a shortened version that makes sense and still communicates enough information for your listener to locate the work.

How do I orally cite a quotation?

• You should make in clear that you are directly quoting another person rather than paraphrasing or summarizing their work. You can use a signal phrase like "... and I quote" or "As Jonas said..." to introduce the cited material.

Examples of Oral Citations in a Speech

(adapted from Tips for Oral Citations from Eastern Illinois University )

For a magazine article

“According to an article by Ben Elgin in the February 20th, 2006 issue of Business Week, we can expect Google and Yahoo’s supremacy as the search engine giants to be challenged by new U.S. startups.  Elgin reports that  …”

 “As reported in the February 20th, 2006 issue of Business Week, many new companies are getting into the search engine business. This article explains that …”

 “A February 20th, 2006 Business Week article reported that Google and Yahoo will face stiff competition in the search engine business …” 

For a newspaper article

“On February 22nd, 2006, USA Today reported that …”

 “An article about the effects of global warming appeared in the February 22nd edition of USA Today. Todd Smith’s report focused on the alarming rate of …”

“An article on global warming that appeared in the February 22nd issue of USA Today sounded the alarm …”

For a website 

“On January 12. 2019, I visited the “Earthquakes” page of www.ready.gov , the website of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. businesses and citizens …”

“According to the Earthquakes page on U.S. Department of Homeland Security’s website, …”

“Helpful information about business continuity planning can be found on the U.S. Department of Homeland Security’s website, located at www.ready.gov …”

“On January 12, 2019, I consulted the website maintained by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security to learn more about what businesses should do to plan for an emergency.  In the section entitled ‘Plan to stay in business,’ several recommendations for maintaining continuity of business operations were offered.  These suggestions included …”

For a journal article

“A study published on December 12, 2004, in the Journal of Applied Social Psychology reported that incidents of workplace aggression have increased …”

“Research conducted by Dr. Bailey and Dr. Cross at Stanford University found that incidents of workplace aggression have increased over the past five years.  Their 2004 study published in the Journal of Applied Social Psychology in December of that year reported that …”

“According to a December, 2004 study published in the Journal of Applied Social Psychology, …”

“A December 2004 study by Bailey and Cross in the Journal of Applied Social Psychology, …”

“In a December, 2004 study published in Journal of Applied Social Psychology, Bailey and Cross reported that …”

“A December 2004 study by Stanford University researchers found that incidents of workplace aggression …”

“Bailey and Cross, experts in workplace aggression, authored a study that shows that incidents of aggression in the workplace are increasing.  Their December 2004 Journal of Applied Social Psychology article reports that …”

“In her 2005 book, Good Health at Any Age, Dr. Gabriella Campos describes how we can maintain our health through healthy eating.  She recommends …”

“Gabriella Campos, an expert in nutrition, describes what is needed to maintain a healthy diet in her 2005 book Good Health at Any Age.  She contends that …”

“In her recent book, Good Health at Any Age, Dr. Gabriella Campos recommends …”

“In Good Health at Any Age, Dr. Gabriella Campos, an expert in nutrition, offers suggestions for …”

For a television program

“On February 21, 2021, our local PBS station aired a program called “The Insurgency.”  In this program …”

“According to “The Insurgency,” a Frontline program aired by PBS on February 21st,2021 ….”

• “Frontline, a PBS program, focused on the Iraq War in the television program entitled “The Insurgency.”  This show aired on February 21, 2021, and focused on the problems confronting …”

For a YouTube video

“The Children and Young People’s Well-being Service, a branch of the UK National Health Service, uploaded Getting a Good Night’s Sleep–Top Tips for Teens to Youtube on January 7, 2021. In the video, they explain that caffeine is a stimulant and we will get better sleep if we avoid it for at least 6 hours before bedtime.”

“Nemours Foundation is non-profit organization established in 1936,dedicated to improving children’s health. In their How to help your teens get enough sleep video, uploaded to Youtube on July 6, 2022 they explain that teens’ body clocks change during puberty and teens naturally fall asleep later at night, which often leads to sleep depravation.”

For a personal interview

“On February 20th I conducted a personal interview with Dr. Desiree Ortez, a psychology professor here at Eastern, to learn more about student responses to peer pressure. Dr. Ortez told me that …”

“I conducted an interview with Dr. Desiree Ortez, a psychology professor at Eastern Illinois University, and learned that peer pressure is a big problem for university students.”

“In an interview, I conducted with Dr. Desiree Ortez, a psychology professor, I learned that …”

“I met with Dr. Desiree Ortez, a psychology professor here at Eastern, to learn more about …   She told me that peer pressure is a major factor contributing to academic failure in college.”

“In a telephone interview I conducted with Dr. Forest Wiley, a gerontology professor at University of Illinois, I learned that the elderly are likely to feel ...”

“I emailed Dr. Forest Wiley, a gerontology professor at the University of Illinois, to get additional information on his research on the aging’s use of the Internet.  He told me  …”

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